HIKING and TREKKING in

Transcription

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HIKING and TREKKING in
INDONESIA
Located between the Asian and Australian continents, where the earth‘s plates and
climate zones meet, Indonesia offers an incredibly diverse range of natural wonders. With
thousands of islands offering an incredible choice of terrain, Indonesia has a wealth of
opportunities for the adventure traveller. From smoking volcanic peaks and roaring river
rapids to some of the best diving and surfing spots in the world, the country offers an
unbeatable choice of outdoor activities for everyone, regardless of skill, age or prowess.
Indonesia is home to an extensive network of national parks and nature reserves,
most of which welcome visitors, with a wide choice of tour operators specializing in wildlife
and wilderness tours. In the national parks and vast rural areas, well-maintained tracks and
paths make many areas of the archipelago a paradise for trekkers, mountain bikers and ecotourists.
These are some of the best places for hiking and trekking in Indonesia:
KALIMANTAN: Tanjung Puting National Park – pg. 5
Located in the heartland of Borneo, the Park is the first place in Indonesia to become a
rehabilitation centre for endangered and protected orangutans in Tanjung Harapan, Pondok
Tanggui, and Camp Leakey. It offers the magical experience of seeing orangutan in their
natural habitat.
KALIMANTAN: Betung Kerihun National Park – pg. 7
The Park with potentially vast biodiversity riches poses a challenge to researchers to reveal
them. Beautiful vistas over the forest crown which seems to go on forever; crystal-clear water
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flowing from waterfalls on the hilltops; birdcalls and the screeches and cries of various animals.
Including the perfect spot to observe the Borneo Dayak jungle man, and adoring their typical
and very distinctive tattoos patterns.
SUMATRA: Mt. Leuser National Park – pg. 10
Located in the island of Sumatera in the west part of Indonesia, this Park is another place
where you can see Sumatran Orangutan in their original habitat. There is a rehabilitation center
in Bukit Lawang. The Park also has mountanious landscape, perfect spot for nature lovers and
hiking goers.
SULAWESI: Tangkoko Dua Saudara National Park – pg. 13
The Park on the island of Sulawesi, is composed of impressive green hills and valleys with
amazingly scenic views of natural beauty. The only place in the planet where you can see
Tarsius Spectrum, simply known as ―Tarsius Monkey‖, the smallest monkey in the world,
measuring a staggering five inches (12 cms), and it can only be seen at night!
SULAWESI: Lore Lindu National Park – pg. 15
The rich natural rainforest in Sulawesi. Not only offers the beauty and richness of the nature,
this Park also has some impressive groups of megaliths which are among the best megalithic
monuments in Indonesia.
PAPUA: Baliem Valley – pg. 17
Located in the mountanious Papua with untouched rainforest, Baliem Valley the place where
the Dani tribes, known as society that still practise the life of stone age. The landscape also
offers best experience for hiking lovers.
LOMBOK: Mt. Rinjani National Park – pg. 19
Lombok‘s Mount Rinjani is one of the country‘s most popular hikes, a three-day climb that takes
walkers through some of the country‘s most stunning scenery. It is famed for its rare beauty
and eerie isolation.
KOMODO: Komodo National Park – pg. 22
The home of pre-historic creature, the living dragon, Komodo. Their habitat also offers stunning
view of landscape, similar to the condition of jurassic time, adding the mystical experience
when seeing the dragon.
FLORES: Kelimutu National Park – pg. 24
Located in the island of Flores, the Park is the location of a unique natural phenomenon-three
different-coloured lakes. The colour of the water in each lake is different and the colours
change from time to time, particularly Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai Lake: twenty-five years ago, its
water changed colour twelve times.
JAVA: Ujung Kulon National Park – pg. 27
The original habitat of almost-extinct Javanese Rhino and untouched rainforest post Krakatau‘s
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tsunami. This Park is an attractive ecotourism site in West Java, with impressive natural
phenomena of fast flowing rivers, waterfalls, white sand beaches, thermal springs, sea gardens,
and cultural/historical remains (a statue of Ganesha).
JAVA: Mt. Halimun – pg. 29
Located in the West Java province, the park offers fabolous view of mountanious Java, perfect
spot for hiking and trekking. The park is also the best place for outdoor activities, such as
rafting, exploring the waterfall, canopy trails, temple, and sightseeing in tea plantation.
JAVA: Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park – pg. 32
One of the first national park in Indonesia and the home of numerous endangered species. Mt.
Gede-Pangrango of West Java is widely known for its wealth of bird species: 251 of the 450
species in Java inhabit this Park. This Park is also surrounded by ancient superstitions and
beliefs, giving more mystical sphere at your visit.
JAVA: Mt. Merapi – pg. 34
The most popular hiking track in Indonesia, located in the north of Javanese cultural capital,
Yogyakarta. This volcanic mountain offers best view of central java landscape and around, plus
breathtaking experience of standing in an active caldera.
JAVA: Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park – pg. 37
Probably this is the most famous volcano as you can see the photos in many postcards.
Located in East Java province, the park indeed offers mystical scenery of Bromo and Semeru
summit, especially during sunrise. The mountanious landscape promise every hiking lovers to
come back again to experience the beauty and chalenges of East Java highland.
JAVA: Ijen Crater – pg. 41
The only natural phenomena on earth, the beautiful and charming nature of one-kilometerwide turquoise-colored acid crater lake. This ancient accid lake is located in East Java province,
and the site of a labor-intensive sulfur mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are
carried by hand from the crater floor. You will be astonished by their work and strength.
JAVA: Baluran National Park – pg. 43
The wild of Africa in Java. Baluran National Park is located in East Java, one the few dryland
ecosystem types in Java, consisting of savanna, mangrove forest, monsoon forest, coastal
forest, swamp forest, and evergreen forest. Trekking in this Park will bring similar breathtaking
experience as you wish in Africa.
JAVA: Alas Purwo National Park – pg. 46
Located in East Java province, really close to Bali, this Park is representative of a typical
lowland tropical rain forest ecosystem in Java. Though close to human civilization, the park is
still a habitat for several species of wildlife such as the ebony leaf monkey and javanese wild
bull (banteng). Perfect spot for jungle trekking.
BALI: Bali Barat National Park – pg. 49
Lying in the most western part of Bali, the park is the home of the Bali Starling (Jalak Bali) and
the wild banteng. With about 160 different species Bali Barat National Park is a paradise for
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bird-watchers. For jungle trek lovers, this place is a must-go, while enjoying the world class
tourism spot of Bali.
SULAWESI: Bantimurung Balusaraung National Park—pg 52
The Bantimurung National Park has a total area of approximately 43,750 hectares and is
divided into three major types of ecosystems, namely the karst ecosystems, a lowland forest
ecosystem, and a lower montane forest ecosystem. The valleys of limestone hills and steep
karts walls with tropical vegetation have made Bantimurung an ideal habitat for various rare
and endemic species of butterflies, birds and insects.
SUMATRA: In The Thick of the Jungle at Tangkahan Village—pg 53
Come and experience an adventure in the jungle. Trek through rugged landscape. Hike up
muddy tracks while you try and spot exotic wildlife that makes this place its home. For a hike
with a difference, try elephant trekking where you can explore the jungle on the back of an
elephant. Swim in the pristine waters of an unspoiled jungle river. Experience the relaxing
atmosphere of the natural surrounds, a world away from the hustle and bustle of city life.
SUMATRA: Kerinci Seblat National Park—pg 56
Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS) is a natural conservation area. This one and half million
hectare area is located in four provinces; West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and South Sumatra.
In West Sumatra, it covers some 260,000 hectares and is located in Pesisir Selatan and Solok
districts.
JAVA: Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve – pg 58
In 1991, UNESCO acknowledged both Ujung Kulon National Park and the Krakatau Islands
Nature Reserve as an integrated UNESCO Natural World Heritage site.
Krakatau is also commonly known in the English-speaking world as Krakatoa. This may have
been attributed to a sub-editor at ―The Times‖ who may have typographically swapped the 'a'
and 'o' of the Portuguese spelling as he interpreted a telegraphic report on the massive
eruption of 1883. Furthermore, the 1969 Academy Award nominated movie, ―Krakatoa, East of
java‖ ,-which is geographically misleading, - also aided in popularizing the Krakatoa misspelling
.The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program cites the Indonesian name, Krakatau,
as the correct name but says that its spelling as Krakatoa is also often used.
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Tanjung Puting National Park
Why is it special?
Tanjung Puting National Park is a national park in Indonesia located on the island of
Borneo in the Indonesian state of Central Kalimantan. The park is composed of 415,040
hectares of lowland tropical rain forest, dryland forest, freshwater swamp forest, mangrove
forest, coastal forest, and secondary forest. The Park is dominated by lowland forest plants
like jelutung (Dyera costulata), ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), meranti (Shorea sp.), keruing
(Dipterocarpus sp.), and rattans.
Endangered and protected species of animal inhabiting the Park include the
orangutan (Pongo satyrus), proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus), maroon leaf monkey
(Presbytis rubicunda rubida), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus), lesser Malay
mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus klossii), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and leopard
cat (Prionailurus bengalensis borneoensis).
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Photo(s) by pacoalfonso and jonny_w on flickr
This Park was the first place in Indonesia to become a rehabilitation centre for
orangutans. There are now three orangutan rehabilitation locations, Tanjung Harapan,
Pondok Tanggui, and Camp Leakey. The orangutan of Kalimantan has dark reddish fur and
no tail. As they get older, the adult males cheeks flesh out, resembling cushions. The older
they get, the bigger these cheek flanges grow, giving them a fierce look. UNESCO has
declared Tanjung Puting National Park as a Biosphere Reserve.
Interesting locations:
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Tanjung Harapan: this is the first station in the orangutan rehabilitation process.
Situated in the midst of secondary forest and swamp forest, it has a guesthouse, an
information centre, and trails.
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Pondok Tanggui: orangutans that have passed the semi-wild phase are moved to
Pondok Tanggui. There, they are closely monitored from a distance, and human contact
is avoided.
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Camp Leakey: founded in 1971 in the middle of primary forest, this is the location for
semi-wild and wild orangutans, and for younger orangutans from birth until three years
of age.
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Natai Lengkuas: bekantan research station, and watching other animals along the river.
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Buluh River and Danau Burung (‗Bird Lake‘): watching birds, in particular migrant
species.
Getting there
There is straight flight from Jakarta to Pungkalan Bun (or Banjarmasin en route to
Pungkalan Bun). Or Jakarta-Semarang-Pangkalan Bun by plane, or from Semarang to
Pangkalan Bun by ship. Then, Pangkalan Bun-Kumai by car (8 km), Kumai-Tanjung Harapan
by motorized longboat, 1.5-2 hours; or Kumai-Natai Lengkuas, 4-5 hours; Kumai-Tanjung
Harapan by fast motor boat, 0.5-1 hour; Kumai-Camp Leakey, 1.5-2 hours; or from KumaiNatai Lengkuas, 1.5-2 hours. Or you could take bus from Banjarmasin to Pangkalan Bun,
transit at Palangkaraya and Sampit. It takes 18 hours ride with really bad road at few spot.
If you have sense of OFF ROAD this is the best way to take.
Route:
Jakarta/Semarang-Pangkalan Bun-Kumai-Tanjung Harapan/Camp Leakey/Natai Lengkuas
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Nearest Town
: Pangkalan Bun
Nearest Airport
: Pangkalan Bun
Best time to visit
June to September
Contact
Tanjung Puting National Park Office
Address:
Jl. HM Rafii Km 2
Pangkalan Bun, Kotawaringan Central Kalimantan
Phone/Fax: +62-532-23832
Betung Kerihun National Park
Why is it special?
Betung Kerihun National Park (previously Bentuang Karimun) is a national park in the
province of West Kalimantan on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. It is located inland, along
the Malaysian border. Topographically, Betung Kerihun National Park is hilly. The Muller
range which connects Mt. Betung and Mt. Kerihun also forms the border between Indonesia
and Serawak, Malaysia. Small streams flow from the foothills of the Muller mountains to
form the Kapuas, Sibau, Mendalam, Bungan and Embaloh Watersheds. The Park can only be
reached via these rivers.
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The Park has eight types of forest ecosystem such as lowland forest, old secondary
forest, Dipterocarpus, sub-montane and montane forest, with a high value plant diversity of
1,216 species consisting of 418 genera and 110 families (75% endemic to Kalimantan).
Fourteen species are "new records" in Indonesia, like Musa lawitiensis, Neouvaria
acuminatissima, Castanopsis inermis, Lithocarpus philippinensis, Chisocheton cauliflorus,
Syzygium spicata, and Shorea peltata; and 13 species of palm which are "new records" in
Kalimantan, such as Pinanga bifidovariegata and Ixora sp.
There are some 48 species of mammal, including seven primate species such as the
Photo(s) by dlumenta and jonny_w on flickr
maroon leaf monkey (Presbytis rubicunda rubicunda), orangutan (Pongo satyrus), Mueller's
Bornean grey gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), white-fronted leaf monkey (Presbytis frontata
frontata), and banded leaf monkey (P. femoralis chrysomelas); 301 species of bird, 51
species of amphibian, 52 species of reptile, 170 species of insect, and 112 species of fish.
The dominant and most commonly seen animals are orangutan (Pongo satyrus),
sambar deer (Cervus unicolor brookei), western tarsier (Tarsius bancanus borneanus),
Mueller's Bornean grey gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), maroon leaf monkey (Presbytis
rubicunda rubicunda), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus), hairy-nosed otter (Lutra
sumatrana), and larger Malay mouse deer (Tragulus napu borneanus).
The most distinct species of bird in this Park are the wreathed hornbill (Aceros
undulatus) and the helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) which is the mascot of West
Kalimantan.
The Park has been proposed as a Trans-Border Reserve together with Lantjak
Entimau Wildlife Reserve in Serawak.
The potentially vast biodiversity riches of the Park pose a challenge to researchers to
reveal them. But the Park also has several other attractions such as beautiful vistas over the
forest crown which seems to go on forever; crystal-clear water flowing from waterfalls on
the hilltops; birdcalls and the screeches and cries of various animals.
As with other inland people throughout much of Kalimantan, most of the people
living around the Park are Dayak. Here, they belong to the Dayak Iban, Dayak Taman, and
Dayak Bukat tribes. Many people are still adorned with tattoos in typical and very distinctive
patterns.
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The Muller Range: this forms part of the national border. Mt. Kerihun and Mt. Betung are
good places for climbing.
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Tekelan, Sibau, Mendalam, Embaloh, Kanyau rivers: kayaking/canoeing, observing
animals and plants, and cultural tourism.
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Riam Lapan and Riam Matahari: hardy souls can test their whitewater rafting skills on
numerous rapids, rated at class III-IV in difficulty, climaxing at class V in Riam Matahari.
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Sedik, Batang Pilung and Jaan rivers: waterfalls, observing animals and plants, and
cultural tourism.
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Tanjung Lokang: located in the western part of the Park, there are steep slopes and
limestone caves suitable for caving.
Getting there
Pontianak-Putussibau by four wheel drive, about 18 hours; or by small plane
(Cessna), about 2.5 hours. Then, from Putussibau along the Kapuas, Sibau and Mendalam
rivers by semi-longboat, about 5 hours, or alternatively, from Putussibau up the Kapuas and
Embaloh Hulu rivers by speed boat, about 3 hours; and then up the Embaloh Hulu river by
semi-longboat, about 9 hours.
Nearest Town
: Putussibau
Nearest Airport
: Putussibau
Best time to visit
September to December
Contact
Betung Kerihun National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Kapten Pierre Tendean, Kompleks KODIM 1206, Putussibau - Kalbar - 78711
Phone: (62) (0567) 21935
Fax: (62) (0567) 21935
Email: tn_betungkerihun@yahoo.com
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Gunung Leuser National Park
Why is it special?
Gunung Leuser National Park is a large national park covering 950,000 hectares in
northern Sumatra, Indonesia, located at the border of the provinces of North Sumatra and
Aceh. The park is named after one of its highest point, the 3,381m Mount Leuser (Gunung
Leuser). The highest point in the park is "Puncak Tak Punya Nama" ("The peak with no
name").
There are several interesting things to see, such as untouched tropical rainforest,
highland forest, and some wild animals, especially primates. Seeing the orangutans is a
magical experience. You can usually see them near the rehabilitation centre and at the
feeding platform during the morning and afternoon feeding sessions. Still the best
experience is an encounter in the jungle where there are many semi-wild and wild animals.
The wild Orangutan can be difficult to spot unless you go deep into the jungle. There are
also white and black gibbons that make an amazing noise calling out to each other, and
Thomas Leaf monkeys. If you are lucky, you may be able to see toucans, moon snakes,
monitor lizards. Since there are very few still alive, it is very improbable that either the
Sumatran Tiger or the Sumatran Rhinoceros will be encountered, although footprints and
droppings have been reported.
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Facilities avalaible for visitors: bungalow in traditional style, restaurant, visitor
center/tourist information, trails/trekking path, springs, waterfal, camping area, tower,
shelter, and experience guide of the Gunung Leuser National Park.
Please never go without guide into jungle and never leave trekking path, except with
guide. Be aware of landslide-areas and never camp to close to rivers, they can flood for
meters within hours.
Another popular past time activity is tubing. When tubing one uses an innertube to
float down the river. Tubes can be rented at various stalls along the village. You can also
visit the bat cave, make a stroll around the rice fields and rubber plantations, visit some of
the social projects (like the free English School, Children's Home and free clinic), visit the
Friday market or just hang out with some of the locals and enjoy the relaxed atmosphere.
Whatever you do, remember to enjoy your stay to the fullest!
The hiking route:
There are 2 summit for hiking Leuser National Park.
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Gunung Leuser (3404 m)
The trekking started at Agusan (west part of Blangkejeren , Aceh Tenggara
(Southeast Aceh), the trip takes about 15 days.
The other route starts from Panosan (Blangkejeren - Aceh Tenggara), the trip takes
about 9 days
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Gunung Kemiri (3314 M)
The route starts from Gumpang (Aceh Tenggara - Aceh), through the mount slopes
on the west side of Alas River, takes about 5 days.
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Gurah: fantastic views, valleys, waterfalls; animals and plants such as Rafflesia,
orangutans, birds, snakes and butterflies.
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Bohorok:
an
orangutan
rehabilitation
centre;
ecotourism
activities
like
kayaking/canoeing, camping, and birdwatching.
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Kluet: boating on rivers and lakes, trekking through coastal forest and caving. Kluet is
also a habitat of tigers.
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Sekundur: camping, caving, animal observation.
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Ketambe and Suak Belimbing: suitable place for research on primates and other animals;
research facilities include accommodation and a library.
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Gunung (Mount) Leuser (3,404 m asl.) and Mt. Kemiri (3,314 m asl.): mountain climbing
and hiking.
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River rafting along the Alas River: start from Gurah-Muara Situlen-Gelombang for a
three-day trip.
Bukit Lawang
Bukit Lawang is the place if you would like to do jungle trek to see Orangutan in
their original habitat. Seeing the Orangutan in the wild is one of the best experiences you
will have in your life. It is not permitted to go unaccompanied into the jungle. There are
plenty of good and reliable guides of the national park that will show you best route of the
jungle trek to see the Orangutan, what to do and not do.
Getting there
The Park is most easily attainable from Medan. From Medan, buses go to Kutacane
and Bohorok-Bukit Lawang. The 233 km ride from Medan to Kutacane goes through Brastagi
and Kabanjahe and takes 5-6 hours. There are also regular and faster minibus services
between Medan and Kutacane. You find the minibuses at the Pinang Baris bus terminal in
Medan. From Kutacane (mini)buses serve the Lawe Gurah Tourist Park, about 43 km from
Kutacane. From there you can enter the Gunung Leuser National Park. Kutacane is not nice
place to stay. The best you can do is travelling to Ketambe. The other way to get to the
Gunung Leuser National Park is to take bus to the Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre in
Bohorok-Bukit Lawang. These buses leave from Pinang Baris bus terminal in Medan several
times day and will take you to Bukit Lawang in hours. You can also make the trip by taking
bus to Binjai, 22 km from Medan, and from there bus to Bukit Lawang. These buses leave
more frequently from the same bus terminal in Medan. From the south you can reach
Bohorok-Bukit Lawang with bus from Brastagi.
Nearest Town
: Kutacane
Nearest Airport
: Medan
Best time to visit
June to October
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Contact
Gunung Leuser National Park office:
Address:
Jl. Raya Blangkejeren No. 37 Tanah Merah, Km. 3, PO.Box 16, Kutacane, D.I. Aceh
Phone: (62) (0629) 21358
Fax: (62) (0629) 21016
E-Mail: tnglaceh@indosat.net.id
Tangkoko Dua Saudara National Park
Why is it special?
A nature reserve on open grassland covered
with a great variety of plants. Located on the slopes of
mount "Dua Saudara", the area is composed of
impressive green hills and valleys with amazingly
scenic views of natural beauty. There are black apes,
maleo birds, snakes, wild pigs, hornbills and rusa deer.
The biggest attraction is the Tarsius Spectrum, simply
known as ―Tarsius Monkey‖, the smallest monkey in
the world, measuring a staggering five inches (12
cms), and it can only be seen at night! Located north
of Bitung, it covers on area of 3,196 ha. This nature
reserve has several cottages and small restaurants
nearby.
From Batuangus Beach, you can climb to
Mount Tangkoko (1500 m). The dense virgin jungle
hosts some animal species unique to North Sulawesi
as the macaca nigra and Tarsius Monkey. As you
make your way through lush jungle forest you will
hear and probably see the red knobbed hornbill or
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encounter the maleo which is a megapode bird laying large eggs in huge hatching mounds it
builds in the black sand. You might also encounter a cuscus which is a relative of the
Australian Koala bear. A ranger will accompany you all along the way up to the top of
Tangkoko Mountain.
Plan on spending at least 2 full days in the
reserve; one to climb to the top of Mt Tangkoko and 1
to explore the lowland forest and forest edges.
No permit is required, but you must report to
PHPA at the reserve entrance. There is an entrance fee
and you have to hire one guide per group of 4 visitors.
There are many interesting walks in the Nature
Reserve. These include a 6-km trail from the beach to
the cloud forest on the rim of Tangkoko volcano. The
trail climbs 1,100 m through all major habitats and
provides opportunities to glimpse montane birds such
as Fiery-browed Myna, Sulawesi Woodpecker, Sulawesi
Drongo and Scaly-breasted Kingfisher. Pack a lunch
and spend a full day on this trail.
There is a 4-km loop trail on gentle slopes that passes through secondary and
primary forest. Along this trail are fruiting strangle figs that attract mynas, fruit doves and
other fruit eating birds. The trail passes through several well known Red-knobbed Hornbill
nest areas and kingfisher and chestnut-backed Thrush territories.
A 12-km trail parallels the beach although only the first 4 km are well maintained.
The trail passes through grasslands, a good area for bee-eaters, White-shouldered Trillers
and coucals; beach forest, where one frequently spots Slender-billed Cuckoo-dove, Sulawesi
Black Pigeon and several kingfisher species; and secondary and primary forest, where
White-bellied sea-eagles and Sulawesi Hawk-eagles are known to nest.
Getting there
From Manado it takes arround 2 hours and 30 minutes to Tangkoko, about 70
kilometers. In the past, the road was so rough you would need a 4WD jeep. But now, newly
laid roads allow easy accessibility by passenger cars and vans. To visit this park, you will
pass Batuputih Natural Park. Tourists prefer to visit Batuputih, making it the most famous
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tourist destination in Tangkoko. It will take about one hour drive to Bitung from Manado and
it will take about 45 minutes from Bitung to Batuputih by winding asphalt roads.
Nearest Town
: Manado
Nearest Airport
: Manado
Best time to visit
The best time to visit is May-October, it is hottest and most crowded in July and August.
Contact:
Bureau of Natural Resources in North Sulawesi/Balai KSDA Sulawesi Utara
Address:
Jl. Tololiu Supit, Kotak Pos 1080
Manado 95117, Indonesia
Ph. +62 431 868 214
Fax. +62 431 864 296
Lore Lindu National Park
Why is it special?
Lore Lindu National Park is a forested protected area
on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, in the province of
Central Sulawesi. This park represents various ecosystem
types, including lowland tropical forest, sub-montane forest,
montane forest, and mixed forest. The plant species that can
be found in both lowland tropical forest and sub-montane
forest include Eucalyptus deglupta, Pterospermum celebicum,
Cananga odorata, Gnetum gnemon, Castanopsis argentea,
Agathis philippinensis, Philoclados hypophyllus, medicinal
plants, and rattans. Covering part of the Park is a sub-alpine
forest at an altitude of 2,000 m asl. Frequently blanketed
with mist, this forest contains short trees and mosses.
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The biodiversity of this Park is rich in animal species, with
117 species of mammal, 88 species of bird, 29 species of reptile
and 19 species of amphibian. More than 50% of the species
inhabiting the Park are endemic animals like the Tonkean
macaque (Macaca tonkeana tonkeana), babirusa (Babyrousa
babyrussa celebensis), diannae tarsier (Tarsius diannae), lesser
Sulawesi tarsier (T. pumilus), bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus
furvus), small cuscus (Strigocuscus celebensis callenfelsi),
Sulawesi rat (Rattus celebensis), maleo fowl (Macrocephalon
maleo), Sulawesi palm civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
musschenbroekii), gold snake (Elaphe erythrura and E. janseni),
Sulawesi frog (Bufo celebencis), and six fish species, including
an endemic species in Lake Lindu, Xenopoecilus sarasinorum.
Besides the riches of its natural resources, this Park also has some impressive groups
of megaliths which are among the best megalithic monuments in Indonesia. Lore Lindu
National Park receives international technical assistance and has been declared by UNESCO
as a Biosphere Reserve in 1977.
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Besoa Valley: maleo habitat, megalith sites and recreation.
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Lake Lindu, Gimpu, Wuasa, Bada: rowing on the lake and observing birds.
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Saluki, Bada, Napu Valleys: megalith sites.
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Mt. Nokilalaki, Mt. Rorekatimbo, Lariang River: mountain climbing, camping and rafting.
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Lewuto Lake: vistas over the lake, ancient human remains at Moradino.
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Dongi-dongi, Kamarora: camping, thermal springs, forest exploration.
-
One of the cultural attractions outside the Park is the Lake Poso Festival in August.
Getting there
Palu-Kamarora by car, 2.5 hours (50 km); or Palu-Wuasa by car, 5 hours (100 km);
then Wuasa-Besoa by car, 4 hours. Palu-Kulawi, 6 hours (80 km). The trip into the Park area
can be made on foot or on horseback along these routes: Gimpu-Besoa-Bada, 3 days; and
Saluki (Sidaonta)-Lake Lindu, 1 day.
Nearest Town
: Palu
Nearest Airport
: Palu
17
Best time to visit
July to September
Contact
Lore Lindu National Park Office
Addrees:
Jl. Mawar Nr. 10
Palu, Central Sulawesi
Phone/Fax: +62-451-423608
Baliem Valley
Why is it special?
The Baliem Valley, also spelled Balim Valley and sometimes known as the Grand
Valley, of the highlands of Western New Guinea, is occupied by the Dani people. The main
town in the valley is Wamena. The valley is about 80 km in length by 20 km in width and
lies at an altitude of about 1,000 m, with a population of 100,000.
18
This valley has been the most visited part of the island, especially in recent years.
The Dani Tribe speak related Papuan, or non - Austronesian language and live in the high
central range of Papua Island, the most eastern province of Indonesia.
Until the last decades the Dani tribes were some of the most isolated populations by
swamps and mountains. They grew root crops, raised pig and used polished stone axes and
adzes. They didn't make pottery (which means "sign of the modernity"), but otherwise their
technology was very much like that of the Neolithic of the Old and New Worlds.
There may be 250,000 Dani Tribe living in the central mountains, many live scattered
among the steep mountain slopes. The Baliem Valley has one of the highest densities of
population in Papua Province. The Dani Tribe build their huts in a compound nicely express
both environmental adaptation and Dani's character. The men's and women's huts have
thick thatched roofs which keep rain, yet retain the heat from the earth, along with just
enough smoke to discourage the mosquito.
The temperatures of the highland are ranged from 26 degrees Celsius at the day
time and 12 degrees at night.
The highlights of sightseeing are Dani Market in Wamena Town, Wauma Village and,
which can be easily reach on foot or by car from Wamena. Farther out are Aikima, with its
250 years old mummy, Suroba, Jiwika and neighboring villages.
With 2 hours climbing, you can see the salt spring where the Dani Tribe women
make salt in primitive way fashion for centuries. Outer adventures are southward to Kurima
area, where the Dani and Yali Tribes' way of life mixed into a unique combination.
Getting There
The only access to the Baliem Valley is by flying to the town of Wamena. To reach
this area, you have to fly from Jakarta or Bali to Jayapura (the capital province of Irian Jaya
/ Papua), and then fly from Jayapura to Wamena. We can fly from Jakarta to Jayapura and
then from Jayapura to Wamena in the same day.
There are a number of carriers from Jayapura to Wamena: (For more info, ask the
officers at Sentani Airport Information Center). Trigana Air Services provide daily flights into
and out of Wamena. Spot the Trigana Air Service Offices at Sentani Airport terminal and
Wamena Airport terminal.
Others are MAF, AMA, Yajasi, Manunggal Air; while the Indonesian Army (TNI) has
Hercules aircrafts.
19
From Wamena into the interior of the Baliem valley you can rent a car or travel by
public bus.
Nearest Town
: Wamena
Nearest Airport
: Wamena
Best time to visit
Between March and September, when it does not rain so often.
Contact
Bureau of Natural Resources in Papua / Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Papua
Address:
Jl. Raya Abepura, Kota Raja, Jayapura 99351
Phone: (62) (0967) 581596
Fax: (62) (0967) 585529
Mt. Rinjani National Park
Why is it special?
Mount Rinjani or Gunung Rinjani is an active volcano in Indonesia on the island of
Lombok West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). It rises to 3,726 metres (12,224 ft), making it the
second highest volcano in Indonesia. The 6 km by 8.5 km oval-shaped caldera is filled
partially by the crater lake known as Segara Anak ('Child of the Sea'). This lake is
approximately 2000 metres above sea level and estimated at being around 200 metres
deep. The caldera also contains hot springs.
Lombok‘s Mount Rinjani is one of the country‘s most popular hikes, a three-day climb
that takes walkers through some of the country‘s most stunning scenery. It is famed for its
rare beauty and eerie isolation. Virtually the whole mountain complex, that stretches 65
kilometres across the northern part of the island, was declared a national park in 1997.
Local communities, businesses and national park officials formed the Rinjani Trek
Management Board, and so make one of the country‘s premier trek destinations.
20
Gunung Rinjani National Park represents a range of Nusa Tenggara‘s ecosystem
types, from sub-montane rain forest to montane forest and savanna. The plant potential in
this Park area includes jelutung (Laportea stimulans), dedurenan (Aglaia argentea), bayur
(Pterospermum javanicum), beringin (Ficus benjamina), jambu-jambuan (Syzygium sp.),
keruing (Dipterocarpus hasseltii), rerau (D. imbricatus), lumut jenggot (Usnea sp.), cemara
gunung (Casuarina tripolia and C. equisetifolia), edelweiss flowers (Anaphalis javanica), and
endemic species of orchid such as Perisstylus rintjaniensis and P. lombokensis.
Hiking Route

Senaru Route
-
Mataram - Senaru (± 3-4 hours by public transportation)
-
Senaru - Segara Anak Lake (± 7-10 hours on foot)
-
Danau Segara Anak - Pelawangan Sembalun (± 4 hours on foot)
-
Pelawangan Sembalun - Puncak Rinjani (± 2-3 hours on foot)
Senaru route is the most favourite way since local tribe village also use this route to
climb Rinjani if they will do their rituals in Rinjani summit or Segara Anak Lake.
Rinjani Trek Centre Senaru
21
The hiking route is Senaru – Pelawangan, Senaru - Danau Segara Anak takes ± 10 - 12
on foot. There are already tourist trail with resting area in every post. There are three
posts from senaru gate until Segara Anak Lake.
You will see amazing view of wild
primer forest and rocks.
From Lake Segara Anakan to Rinjani summit, you have to go to Pelawangan Sembalun
which takes about 4 hours, from Pelawangan Sembalun to Rinjani Summit takes about
4-5 hours. Normally hikers do the climbing at 2 AM in the morning to see the sunrise
from Rinjani summit, and also in order to see the view of entire Lombok Island, or even
Bali if the weather is clear.

Sembalun Route
Route Sembalun is the most popular place for visitors, especially for treking. The route is
Sembalun Lawang gate - Pelawangan Sembalun - Rinjani summit, takes about 9-10
hours. This path is so dramatic with savanna, mountanious landscape with ravines along
the way. With this route, you can also see green natural forest, Alas Strait, and
Sumbawa island.

-
Mataram - Sembalun (± 4-5 hours by public transportation)
-
Sembalun Lawang - Rinjani Summit ( ± 7 hours on foot)
-
Sembalun Lawang - Segara Anak Lake (± 2-3 hours on foot)
Torean Route
-
Mataram - Torean (± 4-5 hours by public transportation)
-
Torean - Danau Segara Anak (± 8-9 hours on foot)
-
Loh Liang: the main entrance gate for those who want to observe wildlife in monsoon
forest bordering on white sand beaches. Sites of cultural interest.
-
Pulau Lasa, Pantai Merah, Loh Bo and Sebita: diving and snorkelling facilitated; there is a
dive shop, and glass-bottomed boats are available.
-
Banu Nggulung: observing animals.
Getting there
There a number of options. Mataram-Selong-Sambelia-Sembalun Lawang by car, 4.5
hours (140 km), then on foot to Segara Anak Lake, 9 hours (25 km). Or Mataram-BayanSenaru by car, 2.5 hours (82 km), then on foot to Segara Anak Lake, 9 hours (25 km).
Alternatively, Mataram-Bayan-Torean, 2.5 hours (85 km), then on foot to Segara Anak Lake,
22
7.5 hours. Or Mataram-Masbagik-Kutaraja-Tetebatu, 1.5 hours (60 km), then on foot to
Otakokkoq, 30 minutes.
Nearest Town
: Mataram
Nearest Airport
: Ampenan
Best time to visit
From August to December
Contact
Mt. Rinjani National Park Office
Address:
Jalan Arya Banjar Getas Lingkar Selatan
Phone: (62) (0370) 660 8874
Fax: (62) (0370) 649 145
Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Indonesia
Komodo National Park
Why is it special?
Komodo National Park lies in the Wallacea Region of Indonesia, identified by WWF
and Conservation International as a global conservation priority area. The Park is located
between the islands of Sumbawa and Flores at the border of the Nusa Tenggara Timur
(NTT) and Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTP) provinces. It includes three major islands, Komodo,
Rinca and Padar, and numerous smaller islands together totaling 603 km2 of land. The total
size of Komodo National Park is presently 1,817 km2. Proposed extensions of 25 km2 of
land (Banta Island) and 479 km2 of marine waters would bring the total surface area up to
2,321 km2.
23
The main reasons to travel to Komodo National Park are the Komodo Dragons, the
superb beaches and the unspoilt corals.
Keep in mind that there are also wild pigs, monkeys and horses on Pulau Rinca, one
of the two largest islands in the park.
Depending on the time you have available, one or more guided tours on the islands
of Rinca and Komodo itself. Please note that it is neither permitted nor advisable to do any
tours without local guides, as the Komodo Dragons are dangerous when they attack.
Visitors usually arrive from Flores Island, but there is plenty of sea to cross. Hiking trails on
Rinca Island are closed to independent trekkers. Guides are required for all hiking and
sightseeing, as a handful of unwary walkers have been caught off guard by the speed and
power of the Komodo dragons.
The only way to get around is on foot, since there are neither roads nor motor
transport.
Getting there
Most visitors enter Komodo through the gateway cities of Labuan Bajo in the west of
Flores or Bima in eastern Sumbawa, the departure point for the trip is Denpasar, Bali. There
is daily flight from Denpasar to Labuhan Bajo. The gateway cities of Labuan Bajo and Bima
are connected to Denpasar, Bali by overland buses.
By Sea (ferry), the travel time is approximately 36 hours. Labuan Bajo and Bima are
also connected to Denpasar, Bali by inter‐island ferry. Contact the Indonesia Sea
Transportation Company (PELNI) to reserve a seat on the KM. Tilong Kabila, which departs
Benoa Port, Bali bound for Bima and Labuan Bajo. Komodo also has service of a wide range
of live‐aboard boats, with return packages to Komodo National Park from a variety of
departure points, including Bali, Lombok, Bima and Labuan Bajo
24
From Labuhan Bajo to Komodo, you can easily organize a shared boat charter by
local boat from either ports at Labuan Bajo or Bima (Sape) to the two major points of access
in the Park: Loh Liang (on Komodo Island) or Loh Buaya (on Rinca Island)
Nearest Town
: Labuan Bajo
Nearest Airport
: Labuan Bajo
Best time to visit
From March to June
Contact
Balai Taman Nasional Komodo
Komodo National Park Office
Jl. Kasimo, Labuan Bajo, Manggarai Barat
Heru Rudiharto, S.Si, MP.
Nusa Tenggara Timur 86554
Head of Administration Department
INDONESIA
Tel 62 (0) 385 41005
E-mail: hrudiharto@yahoo.com
Fax 62 (0) 385 41006
Hendrikus Rani Siga, S.Hut.
Ir. Tamen Sitorus, MSc.
Head of Section I Region, Rinca Island
Head of Komodo National Park
E-mail: tamen_tnk@yahoo.co.id
E-mail: ranisiga@yahoo.com
Kelimutu National Park
Why is it special?
Kelimutu is a volcano, close to the town of Moni in central Flores Island of Indonesia.
This Park is the location of a unique natural phenomenon-three different-coloured lakes at
the peak of Mt. Kelimutu (1,690 m asl.). The first lake is named Tiwu Ata Mbupu (lake of
people spirits), the second is named Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (lake of young people spirits),
and the third is Tiwu Ata Polo (lake of fortune tellers‘ spirits). The first and second lakes are
situated close together, while the third lake is about 1.5 km to the west. The colour of the
25
water in each lake is different and the colours change from time to time, particularly that of
Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai Lake: twenty-five years ago, its water changed colour twelve times.
Thought to be caused by the volcanic activity of Kelimutu, it has also been suggested that
the changes in colour are due to refraction of the sun's rays, microbiota in the water,
dissolution of chemical substances, and the reflection of the colour of the lake walls and
bottom.
The topography of Kelimutu National
Park varies from gently rolling hills to more
mountainous relief. Some of the plants that
grow in the Park area are kayu mata (Albizia
montana),
kebu
(Homalanthus
tokotaka
(Putranjiva
(Ardisia
humilis),
giganteus),
roxburghii),
longgo
uwi
baja
rora
(Drypetes
subcubica), toko keo (Cyrtandra sp.), kayu deo
(Trema
cannabina),
kayu
bu
(Casuarina
equisetifolia), kelo (Ficus villosa), and ampupu
(Eucalyptus urophylla).
The Park provides habitat for at least 19 restricted-range bird species including the
near threatened Flores green pigeon (Treron floris), Wallace's scops owl (Otus silvicola),
chestnut-backed
jungle
flycatcher
(Rhinomyias
oscillans),
bare-throated
whistler
(Pachycephala nudigula), little minivet (Pericrocotus lansbergei), russet-capped tesia (Tesia
everetti), thick-billed white-eye (Heleia crassirostris), crested white-eye (Lophozosterops
dohertyi), golden-rumped flowerpecker (Dicaeum annae), Flores monarch (Monarcha
sacerdotum), flame-breasted sunbird (Nectarinia solaris), and Flores hawk-eagle (Spizaetus
floris). The four endemic mammals include two montane rodents: Bunomys naso and Rattus
hainaldi.
The nature riches of the Park are
complemented
by
its
cultural
heritage.
Traditional houses, dances, and weaving are
still in evidence among the local people. The
art of producing the highly complex patterns
in the woven cloth is very interesting. Great
skill and imagination are involved and the
production process is different from other
ikat weaves in Indonesia.
26
-
Mt. Kelimutu: the peak of Mt. Kelimutu is the best place to view the three lakes.
-
Moni: thermal springs, waterfalls, and ikat weaving.
Getting there
Kelimutu is situated near the Koanara village, Wolowaru sub-district, Ende Regency,
about 66 kilometers from the torn of Ende and 83 kilometer from Maumere. Moni is a village
at the foot of Mount Kelimutu and is the entry point to Lake Kelimutu. The distance between
Moni and Kelimutu is 15 kilometers.
You can take a motor taxi, car or public transport to take you to a parking lot before
you climb to the Kelimutu peak. Buses plying the Ende-Maumere route will pass Moni. From
there, you must walk 30 minutes along the mountain side.
There are daily flights from Denpasar and Kupang to Maumere.
To Ende, daily
flights are only operated from Kupang on Timor island. If you are interested to make an
overland trip across Flores, you can start from Maumere in the east and visit Kelimutu,
Ende, Bajawa, Ruteng, ending your journey at Labuan Bajo (for Komodo) or vice versa if
starting from the west.
Nearest Town
: Moni
Nearest Airport
: Maumere
Best time to visit
July to September
Contact
Kelimutu National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Achmad Yani 34
Ende Flores, East Nusa Tenggara
Phone: +62-381-22478
27
Ujung Kulon National Park
Why is it special?
Ujung Kulon National Park forms the largest remaining lowland tropical rain forest
ecosystem in West Java. Moreover, it is an ideal habitat for the rare animals like the Javan
rhinoceros (Rhinoceos sondaicus sondaicus).
Some 700 species of plant are well protected, and about 57 of them are categorized
as endangered species, including bayur (Pterospermum javanicum), bengang (Neesia
altissima), salam (Syzygium polyanthum), and various species of orchid.
This Park is home to 35 species of mammal, 5 species of primate, 59 species of
reptile, 22 species of amphibian, 240 species of bird, 72 species of insect, 142 species of
fish, and 33 species of coral. Besides the Javan rhinoceros, other endangered and protected
animals are banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), Javan deer (Cervus timorensis russa),
panther (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis), Javan leaf
monkey (Presbytis comata comata), Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch), and great clam
(Tridacna gigas).
This Park is an attractive ecotourism
site, with impressive natural phenomena of
fast flowing rivers, waterfalls, white sand
beaches, thermal springs, sea gardens, and
cultural/historical
remains
(a
statue
of
Ganesha). Taken together, they create an
unforgettable experience for the visitor.
Ujung Kulon National Park, together with the Krakatau Nature Reserve, forms a
national asset that has been declared a Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Around the
Mt. Honje area there is a community of Sunda Banten people. This people of this community
are known for their ―debus‖ show using supernatural powers.
-
Tamanjaya and Cibiuk: the main entrance gate, with a guesthouse and a wharf. Cibiuk is
a short distance from Tamanjaya. From here, it takes about 30 minutes on foot (a
distance of about 2 km) to reach thermal springs.
28
-
Kalejetan Beach: a good point to watch the pounding waves of the Southern Ocean,
observe banteng and spot various plants. The beach is located about 11 km away (3
hours on foot) from Tamanjaya.
-
Karangranjang Beach: wave formations and a beautiful white sand beach, turtle
hatching sites, and opportunities to observe animals such as iguana, deer, pigs, etc. It is
located about 5 km west of Kalejetan Beach.
-
Cibandawoh: clean, white, sloping beaches, and a good observation point for deer, pigs,
etc. It is about 6 km west of Karangranjang.
-
Peucang Island: white sand beaches, coral reefs, attractive crystal clear blue sea water
for swimming, diving, fishing, snorkelling, and plant and animal observation.
-
Karang Copong, Citerjun, Cidaon, Ciujungkulon, Cibunar, Tanjung Layar and Ciramea:
forest and river exploration, animals roaming through pasture, waterfalls and turtle
hatching sites.
-
Handeuleum Island, Cigenter, Cihandeuleum: animal observation (banteng, pigs, deer,
various species of bird, and tracking the footprints of the Javan rhino), exploring rivers
and mangrove forest.
-
Panaitan Island, Mt. Raksa and Mt. Honje: diving, surfing, sites of historical/cultural
interest.
Getting there
Jakarta-Pandeglang (via toll road)-Labuan, about 3 hours by car (153 km); or BogorPandeglang-Labuan, about 3 hours (160 km); then Labuan-Tamanjaya via Sumur, about 3.5
hours by car; or Labuan-Pulau Peucang, about 5 hours by speed boat.
Nearest town
: Jakarta
Nearest airport
: Jakarta
29
Best time to visit
July to October
Contact
Ujung Kulon National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No. 51
Labuan Pandeglang 42264
Phone: +62-253-801731
Fax: +62-253-804651
E-mail: btnuk@cilegon.wasantara.net.id
Mt. Halimun
Why is it special?
Mount Halimun is part of Mount
Halimun Salak National Park, covered 400km
square conservation area in West Java. The
park contains water catchment areas shielded
from urban populations an agricultural areas
to the north, as well as several endangered
animals and rare birds. Its mountain tops
reach 1,929 metres and are often mistshrouded, while its valleys are thought to
hide much that remains to be discovered.
The lower zones hold secure populations of the endangered West Javan Gibbon
(Hylobates moloch moloch) - a sub-species of the Silvery Gibbon. Mount Halimun is its most
secure habitat, but its range is restricted to a thin ring around the park as the species is not
found above 1,200 metres. Javan Lutung (Trachypithecus auratus), and other endemic
species are evident; about half its 145 known bird species are rarely seen elsewhere in Java.
30
Hiking tracks in Halimun has not been officially opened nor specially made for hiking.
But there is rainforest that very good also for hiking, but has to be visited with guide. There
are several interesting summit for hiking, such as:
-
Mt. North Halimun (Gunung Halimun Utara), 1.929 m
-
Mt. Botol, 1.720 m
-
Mt. Sanggabuana, 1.919 m
-
Mt. South Kendeng (Gunung Kendeng Selatan), 1.680 m
-
Mt. South Halimun (Gunung Halimun Selatan), 1758 m
-
Mt. Salak Summit 1 (Gunung Puncak Salak 1), 2211 m
-
Mt. Salak Summit 2 (Gunung Puncak Salak 2), 2190 m
The most visited summit is Mt. Salak Summit 1 (Gunung Puncak Salak 1) since it is
the highest summit. The relatively save and most common hiking route is Javana
Spa/Cangkuang, Cidahu–Simpang Kawah Ratu–Puncak Salak 1. Or Pasir Reungit, Gunung
Bunder–Kawah Ratu–Simpang Kawah/Puncak Salak 1 – Puncak Salak 1.
There is also Loop Trail along
Cikaniki – Citalahab about 3,8 kilometer. It
already
has
pal
hekto
meter
(HM),
signboard, and shelter. After HM 15, there
is two alternatives way, the first one
directly to Citalahab Sentral village where
you can find guest house and homestay run
by local community. The second way leads
you to Nirmala Tea Plantation, Citalahab
Bedeng block.
-
Cimantaja, Piit, Cipamulaan, Cihanyawar, and Citangkolo Waterfalls: forest exploration,
plant and animal observation.
-
Citarik River: rafting.
-
Cikaniki and Citalahab: camping, canopy trail, and plant and animal observation.
-
Cibedug Temple: this small temple, dating from the megalithic era, is situated 8 km from
the village of Citorek.
31
-
Mt. Halimun (" 1,929 m asl.), and Mt. Sangga-buana (" 1,919 m asl.): exploration and
mountain climbing.
-
The Nirmala tea plantation, located at the main Cipeuteuy entrance, is an additional
attraction.
Getting there
The Park can be reached from Bogor, Sukabumi and Lebak. The main access routes are:
1. Sukabumi Parungkuda 20 km/20 minutes by public transport. Parungkuda- Cipeuteuy 30
km/1 hour by public transport.
2. Bogor-Leuwiliang 20 km/30 minutes by public transport. Leuwiliang-Nanggung 15 km/20
minutes by public transport. Nanggung-Cisangku 15 km/hour by motorcycle.
3. Rangkasbitung-Bayah 150 km/2 hours by public transport. Bayah-Ciparay 36 km/2 hours
by public transport including motorcycle.
Nearest Town
: Bogor
Nearest Airport
: Jakarta
Nearest Railway Station
: Bogor
Best time to visit
June to August
Contact
Mt. Halimun-Salak National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Raya Cipanas - Kecamatan Kabandungan,
PO. Box 2 Parungkuda - Sukabumi 43157
Jawa Barat - Indonesia,
Phone/Fax : +62-266-621256 / 621257
Website: http://www.tnhalimun.go.id
Email : mail@tnhalimun.go.id
32
Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park
Why is it special?
Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park, designated in 1980, is located in West Java
and one of the first five national parks in Indonesia. Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park
represents a distinct diversity of ecosystems: a sub-montane ecosystem, a montane
ecosystem, a sub-alpine ecosystem, a lake ecosystem, a marshland ecosystem, and a
savanna ecosystem. The sub-montane ecosystem is characterized by many large, tall trees
like jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricatus) and puspa (Schima wallichii). The sub-alpine
ecosystem, meanwhile, is characterized by grassy meadows of Isachne pangerangensis,
edelweiss flower (Anaphalis javanica), violet (Viola pilosa), and sentigi (Vaccinium
varingiaefolium).
Among the endangered animal species that can be found in the Park are primate
species which are now threatened with extinction such as the Javan gibbon (Hylobates
moloch), Javan leaf monkey (Presbytis comata comata), ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus
auratus auratus); panther (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis
33
javanensis), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), lesser Malay mouse deer (Tragulus
javanicus javanicus), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), southeast Asian porcupine
(Hystrix brachyura brachyura), stink badger (Mydaus javanensis), and yellow-throated
marten (Martes flavigula).
Gunung Gede-Pangrango is widely known for its wealth of bird species: 251 of the
450 species in Java inhabit this Park. Among these are endangered species like the Javan
hawk eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi), and the owl (Otus angelinae).
This Park is surrounded by ancient
superstitions and beliefs. Legend has it that
the spirits of Eyang Suryakencana and Prabu
Siliwangi guard Mt. Gede to keep it from
erupting. Even now, at certain times of the
year, people flock to the caves around Mt.
Gede to meditate or hold ritual ceremonies.
-
Biru Lake: a small lake, covering about five hectares, situated at 1,575 m asl. It is
located 1.5 km from the Cibodas entrance gate. Its blue colour (and name) comes from
a covering of blue algae.
-
Cibeureum Waterfall: 50 metres high, this waterfall is located 2.8 km from Cibodas and
attracts a lot of visitors. Around the waterfall, it is possible to see a kind of red moss
which is endemic to West Java.
-
Thermal springs: about 5.3 km, or a two-hour walk from Cibodas.
-
Kandang Batu and Kandang Badak: camping, and plant and animal observation. At an
altitude of 2,220 m asl., this site is 7.8 km, or a three-to-five hour trip from Cibodas.
-
Summit and crater of Mt. Gede: a magnificent place to watch the sunrise or sunset; the
towns of Cianjur, Sukabumi, and Bogor can be clearly seen, as well as unusual plants
around the crater. It is also interesting from a geological point of view. At this peak,
three active craters - Lanang, Ratu and Wadon - are united in a single complex, at an
altitude of 2,958 m asl. The craters are 9.7 km, or a five-hour hike, from Cibodas.
-
Alun-alun Suryakencana (Suryakencana Meadow): a 50-hectare plain covered with
edelweiss flowers. The meadow is situated at an altitude of 2,750 m asl., and is 11.8 km,
or a six-hour hike, from Cibodas.
-
Mt. Putri and Selabintana: camping grounds which can accommodate 100 to 150 people.
34
Getting there
The Park is within easy reach by road from Jakarta and Bandung, and the main
entrance at Cibodas is situated about 120 km, or about 2.5 hours by car from Jakarta and
85 km or about hours by car from Bandung. It is also accessible from Cipanas and Pacet
through Gunung Putri, just east of Cibodas; and from Sukabumi through Selabintana from
the south at about 60 km or 1.5 hour by car from Bogor. Another entrance is at Situgunung,
which can be reached through Cisaat, just west of Sukabumi. From these entrances (except
from Situgunung) there are trails to the summits of Gunung Gede and Pangrango.
Nearest Town
: Bogor
Nearest Airport
: Jakarta
: Bogor
Best time to visit
June to September
Contact
Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Raya Cibodas PO Box 3 Sdl.
Cipanas 43253, Cianjur, West Java
Phone: +62-263-512776
Fax: +62-263-519415
E-mail: tngp@cianjur.wasantara.net.id
Mt. Merapi
Why is it special?
Mount Merapi (± 2968 m above sea level) is located on the border of Central Java
and Yogyakarta provinces. It is located in Magelang district on the west side, Boyolali district
in the north and southwest, Klaten district on the east and southeast, and on the south side
35
belong to Sleman district, Yogyakarta. Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in
Indonesia and the world, and has erupted regularly years since 1548.
Hiking route
Merapi is one of the most popular
tracks for hiking. There are several
hiking routes:

From Selo
Selo
is
located
in
Boyolali
regency, Central Java, at the north part
of Merapi. It is located between Mt.
Merapi and Mt. Merbabu. It takes about
5 hours hiking from Selo to the Merapi
summit. It is the most common hiking
routes since it has relatively easy, safe,
and
with
shorter
hiking
distance
compared to other routes. The starting
point for hiking begin in New Selo area,
with huge letters and javanese style
house ‗Joglo‘. Local villagers also rent
their house for hiker and guide if
necessary in Lencoh/Blumbangsari village.
Carry a small pack with some food, a good flash light, with spare batteries (available
for purchase in Selo village), and at least 2 litres of water per person. The track to the top is
a reasonable grade and is clearly defined and easy to follow. There are 2 posts along the
hiking route. The summit is called Garuda summit (Puncak Garuda) since it shaped like the
bird Garuda, Indonesian national symbol. If you want to see the sunrise at the summit, it is
better to start climbing since 1 or 2 AM.
This is the estimation hiking time and the route:
-
basecamp – joglo new selo = 15 minutes
-
joglo new selo – post 1 = 2 hours
-
post 1 – post 2 = 1 hour
-
post 2 – pasar bubrah = 1 hour
-
pasar bubrah – puncak garuda (garuda summit) = 1 hour
36

From Kaliurang
Located in Pakem Distict, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Kaliurang is another starting point
from hiking in Merapi. This route is a lot steeper and takes about 6-7 hours on the way to
the summit.

From Kinehrejo/Kaliadem
The starting point of this route begins from the house of the famous Merapi Keeper (Juru
Kunci Merapi) Mbah Marijan. But this route is relatively hard with very steep slope, really not
recommended from beginner hiker.

From Babadan
This route is located in Magelang from the west side. With its extreemely steep slope and
not much variety things and views to see around, this route is not recommended for hiking.
Getting there
The mountain can be reached from several routes: Yogyakarta - Gunung Merapi (30
km) and Magelang (Muntilan) - Gunung Merapi (14 km). Public bus and other local
transportation connecting those cities are easily found. Alternatively, you can rent a scooter
in Yogyakarta and ride out to the summit. Ride north out of Yogya on Jalan Magelang for 45
minutes. When you reach Mungkid turn right onto Jalan Bololali - Mungkad and head
towards Ketep. At Ketep turn right and continue following the Jalan Bololali - Mungkad into
Selo. From Selo ride up the steep road (on the right as you come into Selo) to the trail
entrance where you can leave your scooter.
Nearest Town
: Sleman
Nearest Airport
: Sleman
: Sleman
37
Best time to visit
June to August
Contact:
Yogyakarta Natural Resources Conservation Office (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam)
Head: Kuspriyadi Sulistyo
Address:
Jl. Gedongkuning 172 A, Yogyakarta 55171
Phone/fax: (62) (0274) 373324
Email: bksdayogya@yahoo.com
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Why is it special?
Bromo
National
Park
Tengger
is
Semeru
located
in
Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Lumajang
and Malang Regencies, East Java
Province,
Indonesia.
There
are
several interesting place for hiking
or to see the breathtaking view of
the famous volcano, such as:
-
Mount Bromo
It has edges tinged with sulphur and always bubbling and as the main sight here. To
reach it on foot, pick the left fork at Cemoro Lawang's solitary crossing, then head down
the ramp into the caldera and then across the caldera to the Hindu temple (Poten) at the
foot of the mountain. From the temple a steep path of 250 concrete steps leads to the
edge of the crater and a precarious meter-wide ledge from where you can gaze into the
steaming crater. A "fence" will block vehicles from getting too close to Poten, and
38
hundreds of horses serve the trail for those who prefer not to go up on foot. It's much
better to casually walk, though: the walk from the tourist centre to the top of the
mountain should take no longer than 90 minutes and is about 3km.
-
Mount Semeru
It can be climbed over two days but it is a venture for serious trekkers only and requires
a high level of physical fitness. A permit must obtained in advance and would be
climbers should be very aware that the mountain will be off-limits during periods of
eruptive activity. This is a very active volcano. If you do decide you are up for this you
should be able to find a guide to go at least part of the way with you at the park office
in Ranupani. That office is also the best source of information for an assessment of the
current state of the mountain and for hooking up with serious climbers from around the
world.
-
Mount Penanjakan/Viewpoint #1 (2,770m)
Located just north of the caldera, is a mountaintop viewpoint accessible by paved road
from Tosari and hence popular with jeeps and even tour buses. At the peak lies an
antenna array (easily spotted from miles around), many shops, a mosque and several
"real" buildings. It's the highest point easily accessible, so many visit here to get a good
look around. The most popular sight is the sunrise: most of the crowd comes to see the
dawn at 5 AM and you will likely have the large concrete observation post to yourself if
you arrive later in the day. A steady hike from Bromo to Batok and then around the rim
to Penanjakan will take about three hours and the last ascent of about 500 metres is
39
very stiff indeed but truly worthwhile. Ancient Javanese Hindu texts tell of how BromoPenanjakan-Semeru (or Mahameru as it was then) was the spiritual axis of the universe
and the point of all creation. The view from Penanjakan will explain why - it is truly
breathtaking. This is where most of those iconic picture postcard views are taken from.
After you have had your fill of the views, a hike back across the sea of sand to Cemoro
Lawang will take about two hours.
-
Viewpoint #2
Along the trail from Cemoro Lawang to Mount Penanjakan, there is an excellent way to
get a stunning view of the caldera without the crowds. To reach it, head west from
Cemoro Lawang (past the Cemoro Indah hotel) for 6 km, passing Tenngerese farms and
fields. The paved road eventually turns into a twisty mountain trail that ends with a flight
of stairs on the right, and the viewpoint (with concrete shelter) is at the top. Allow 90
minutes hours for the climb up at a steady pace and bring along a flashlight if
attempting this at night. From here, you can continue onto Mount Penanjakan by
following the trail upwards, after which the trail merges onto the paved road to the
viewpoint (total time about 60 minutes one way). If planning to return the same way,
mark the spot where the trail emerges onto the road (if you pass a stone lantern on the
way down you have gone too far!), and note that descending on this section can get
slippery due to loose sand and rocks. As of September 2008, the direct route from
Cemoro Lawang up to Penanjakan and Viewpoint #2 is severely damaged because of
landslides. The path is still passable, but it can be tricky to spot the dangerous parts in
the dark — each vistor should have their own flashlight.
When timing any activities in the area, bear in mind that sunset is soon after 5 PM
and sunrise is correspondingly early at around 5:30 AM. This means you will usually need to
get up by 3:30 AM or so to get to a watchpoint in time for dawn.
For the keen hiker, this park is a dream come true and you can make your own
schedule. There are so many possibilities once you are away from the obvious well known
area at Mount Bromo. Maps and information about the area are available at one of the many
official locations.
The park operates jeeps too. Feel free to ask drivers at any time to stop for photos
or ask questions. Visitors may also bring their own vehicles; alternatively, guides can also be
rented on motorbike to guide you around. A jeep can fit up to 6 people.
40
-
Cemorolawang: one of entrance gates through which visitors pass to see the expanse of
the sand sea and Bromo's crater from a distance; camping is possible here.
-
Tengger Sand Sea and Mt. Bromo: horse riding; climbing up concrete steps to the rim of
Mt. Bromo's crater, and witnessing the sunrise.
-
Pananjakan: viewing a magnificent panorama of Mt. Bromo, Mt. Batok, and Mt. Semeru.
-
Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Kumbolo and Mt. Semeru. These cool, misty lakes ("
2,200 m asl.) are a frequent stopover on the way to Mt. Semeru's peak (3,676 m asl.).
-
Ranu Darungan Lake: camping and observing animals and plants; incredible views.
Getting there
To get Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park from the Province City (Surabaya)
could be via (four) accesses, from Malang, Pasuruan, Tongas-Probolinggo and Lumajang.
Pasuruan-Warung Dowo-Tosari-Wonokitri-Mt. Bromo by car (71 km), or Malang-TumpangGubuk Klakah-Jemplang-Mt. Bromo by car (53 km), and Jemplang-Ranu Pani-Ranu
Kumbolo, or Malang-Purwodadi-Nongkojajar-Tosari-Wonokitri-Penanjakan by car (83 km).
From Malang to Ranu Pani by car for about 70 minutes and proceed on foot to Puncak
Semeru (the peak of Mt. Semeru) - this takes about 13 hours.
Nearest town
: Malang, Purbolinggo
Nearest airport
: Malang, Surabaya
Best time to visit
June to October and December to January
Contact
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Raden Intan Nr. 6, Malang, East Java
Phone: +62-341-491828
Fax: +62-341-490885
E-mail: tn-bromo@malang.wasantara.net.id
41
Ijen Crater
Why is it special?
The Ijen volcano complex is a group of stratovolcanoes, in East Java, Indonesia. It is
inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. The Gunung Merapi
stratovolcano (not to be confused with Central Java's Gunung Merapi) is the highest point of
that complex.
West of Gunung Merapi is the
Ijen
volcano,
which
has
a
one-
kilometer-wide turquoise-colored acid
crater lake. The lake is the site of a
labor-intensive sulfur mining operation,
in
which
sulfur-laden
baskets
are
carried by hand from the crater floor.
Many other post-caldera cones and
craters are located within the caldera
or along its rim.
Ijen Crater or Kawah Ijen is another volcanic tourism attraction in Indonesia. Ijen
Crater (Kawah Ijen) is a famous tourism object, which has been known by the domestic and
foreign tourists because of the beautiful and charming nature. It is 5,466 hectares, 2,386
meters high from the depth of the sea, with a 92 hectares tourism forest. Its temperature is
between 2 to 8 degree centigrade and the crater area lies at 2.386 meters above sea level
(mdpl).
There are many beautiful species of plants that can be found there, such as; the
edelweiss flower and the Casuarina Junghu (cemara gunung), etc. Various animals can also
be seen in the area like jungle fowl (ayam hutan) and porcupine (landak).
The Ijen Crater lies about 68km from the town center. There are some of facilities
here such as: a campground, a shelter and Tourist Information Center (TIC) etc.
The best time to enjoy the crater scenery is at morning, when the yellow sunlight
glows the yellow water and shines the surrounding mountain like mount Merapi, the sister of
Mount Ijen. Morning haze is creating a tranquility that we don‘t get at the metropolitan
towns. At 2 pm, the crater is closed for the reason that the thick smoke from the crater that
is poisonous.
42
Getting there
There
are
Photo(s) by tripletrouble and Rick Wezenaar Photography on flickr
two
alternatives
route to get to Ijen Crater, the first is
from Banyuwangi to Licin – Jambu –
Patulding. Its about 38 kilometers
from Banyuwangi, but the road is bad.
The second is from Bondowoso –
Wonosari – Sempol – Patulding, about
70 kilometers with better road. It is
suggested to go from Bondowoso.
Visiting from Bondowoso route,
the tourists will travel across a coffee
plantation. It has beautiful view either.
The green of Arabica coffee trees are
really an exciting scene to enjoy.
To reach Ijen Crater from Surabaya,
we can use the public transportation
with the route as follow:
- Surabaya – Bondowoso: 180 km with public bus
- Bondowoso – Paltuding: 68 km with public transport
- Paltuding - to the location: 3 km on foot
Usually, tourists join a minibus tour start from Bali (Kuta/Denpasar) from the east to
continue their trip to Java. Or from the opposite direction, start from Yogyakarta going east,
on the way to Bali. Then continue by jeep since the road to Paltuding is mostly damage. All
included in the fee; accomodation, transportation, jeep, except the meal. Many tour
operators in Bali and Yogyakarta offer the service and the information is very easy to find,
just ask around and search on the website.
Nearest town
: Banyuwangi
Nearest airport
: Surabaya
Best time to visit
You can visit Ijen Crater all year long. But if you would like to see the best view, the
best time is aournd 8-9 AM in the morning, so better start the hiking at 5 AM in the
morning.
43
Contact:
Bondowoso Government Tourism Office
Address: Jl. Ahmad Yani 78, Bondowoso
Phone: +62 332 421475, 432484
Fax: +62 332432484
Baluran National Park
Why is it special?
The wild of Africa in Java. Baluran National Park is located in East Java, Indonesia. It
has a relatively dry climate and consist of lowland forests, savanna, mangrove forests and
hills, with Mount Baluran (1,247m) as its highest peak.
This park protects some endangered plant species, such as: Ziziphus rotundifolia,
Tamarindus indica, Dioscorea hispida, Aleuritas moluccana and Corypha utan. There are also
about 155 species of endangered birds, including Hirundapus caudutus. Other endangered
animals being protected are: Bos javanicus, Cuon alpinus, Muntiacus muntjak, Pavo muticus,
Gallus sp., Felis pardus and Felis viverrina.
44
Baluran National Park has some of the few dryland ecosystem types in Java,
consisting of savanna. It also has mangrove forest, monsoon forest, coastal forest, swamp
forest, and evergreen forest. About 40% of the Park area is dominated by savanna type
vegetation.
There are 444 species of plant growing in this Park, including curious and indigenous
species like widoro bukol (Ziziphus rotundifolia), mimba (Azadirachta indica), and pilang
(Acacia leucophloea). These three species are able to adapt to very arid conditions,
remaining green while the plants around them wither. Other plants in the Park include
tamarind (Tamarindus indica), gadung (Dioscorea hispida), kemiri (Aleurites moluccana),
gebang (Corypha utan), api-api (Avicennia sp.), kendal (Cordia obliqua), manting (Syzygium
polyanthum), and kepuh (Sterculia foetida).
The 26 species of mammal include the banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), Asian wild
dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), Timor deer
(Cervus timorensis russa), panther (Panthera pardus), lesser Malay mouse deer (Tragulus
javanicus pelandoc), fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus); and ebony leaf monkey
(Trachypithecus auratus auratus). The banteng is the mascot of Baluran National Park.
In addition, there are about 155 species of bird, some of them endangered species
like the green peafowl (Pavo muticus), red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), malabar hornbill
(Anthracoceros coronatus conversus), rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros silvestris),
barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), koel (Eudynamys scolopacea), and lesser adjutant stork
(Leptoptilos javanicus).
Photo(s) by Lupsa2007 on flickr
45
-
Batangan: historical site in the form of a Japanese cave. This place is a witness to
Indonesia‘s fierce struggle for independence against the Japanese. A good place to
observe animals, particularly the peacock dance in the mating season between October
and November, and go camping.
-
Bekol, Semiang: watching animals such as the barking deer, banteng, red junglefowl and
green peafowl.
-
Bama, Balanan, Bilik: marine tours, fishing, swimming, diving/snorkelling, and watching
great herds of deer. During July and August, stags can be seen fighting each other. At
low tide, troops of ebony leaf monkeys can be seen fishing for crabs using their tails at
high tide.
-
Manting, Air Kacip: a year-round water source, birdwatching in the early morning and
afternoon.
-
Popongan, Sejile, Sirontoh and Kalitopo: rowing on the calm sea while watching shoals
of ornamental fish, watching migrant birds.
-
Candi Bang, Labuan Merak and Kramat: sites of historical/cultural interest.
Getting there
Try to consider the wide ranges of this area, you will be better visit Baluran by your
car or rent car from Denpasar or Surabaya. You can also rent car at Pasir Putih tourist resort
or Situbondo. There is also motorbike public transportation called ―ojek‖ in the main
entrance that will take you to Bama Beach (with Negotiated cost). If you take car, it takes
hours from Surabaya and hours from Denpasar, Bali. For tourists who stay in Pasir Putih, it
takes 1.5 hours and only hours from Situbondo.
Nearest Town
: Surabaya
Nearest Airport
: Surabaya
: Surabaya
Best time to visit
March to August
46
Contact
Baluran National Park Office
Address:
Jl. KH Agus Salim 132
Banyuwangi 68425, East Java
Phone: +62-333-424119; 461 650
Fax: +62-333-412680; 463 864
E-mail: balurannationalpark@gmail.com
Alas Purwo National Park
Why is it special?
Alas Purwo National Park is representative of a typical lowland tropical rain forest
ecosystem in Java. Peculiar and endemic species of plant that grow in this Park include sawo
kecik (Manilkara kauki) and manggong bamboo (Gigantochloa manggong). Among the other
plants that can be found here are ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), nyamplung (Calophyllum
inophyllum), kepuh (Sterculia foetida), and keben (Barringtonia asiatica). Moreover, there
are 13 different species of bamboo.
Alas Purwo National Park is a habitat for several
species of wildlife such as the ebony leaf monkey
(Trachypithecus auratus auratus), banteng (Bos javanicus
javanicus), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), green
peafowl (Pavo muticus), red junglefowl (Gallus gallus),
deer (Cervus timorensis russa), panther (Panthera pardus),
and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis).
Some species of turtle like the Pacific ridley (Lepidochelys
olivacea), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill
(Eretmochelys imbricata), and common green (Chelonia
mydas) are often seen landing on the southern beach of
this Park between January and November.
47
In the period from October to December, some 16
species of migrant bird from Australia such as the sacred
kingfisher (Halcyon chloris/Todirhampus sanctus), bluetailed bee-eater (Merops philippinus), common sandpiper
(Actitis
hypoleucos),
and
wood
sandpiper
(Tringa
glareola) can be seen in Bedul Segoro Anak.
Plengkung, in the southern part of the Park, is
almost legendary among the world's top surfers. They call
it "G-Land". The name is derived from its location in Teluk
Grajagan (Grajagan Bay), which resembles the letter "G".
Moreover, it is located a short distance from a stretch of
tropical rain forest which always looks green (hence
green land or "G-land"). Plengkung is one of the top four
locations for surfing in the world and can be ranked
alongside surf sites in Hawaii, Australia, and South Africa.
Walking along the white sand beach from
Trianggulasi to Plengkung, visitors will come across an
area of buckshot-like sand. The grains are yellow in
colour and have a diameter of around 2.5 mm.
Photo(s) by dirtlight photography on flickr
The communities living around the Park are very typical of the "Blambangan" culture.
They believe that what is now the Park was the last stopover of the Majapahit people who
were escaping the onslaught of the Mataram kingdom, and they are convinced that hidden
somewhere in the park is a sacred kris, or dagger, named "Keris Pusaka Sumelang
Gandring". For this reason, it is not unusual for people to meditate or hold religious
ceremonies in the Park, particularly in Goa Padepokan and Goa Istana.
Near the Rowobendo entrance gate there are historical remains in the form of "Pura
Agung", a Hindu temple, where a Hindu ceremony, "Pagerwesi", is held every 210 days.
This Park has a diversity of ecotourism and cultural tourism attractions (sea, sand,
sun, forest, wild animals and traditional cultures) which are located in close proximity to one
another.
-
Sadengan: located 12 km (30 minutes) from the Pasaranyar entrance gate. This is a
grazing area for banteng, barking deer, mouse deer, wild pigs, and birds.
48
-
Trianggulasi: located 13 km from the Pasaranyar entrance gate, a white sand beach with
a coastal forest, suitable for marine recreation and camping.
-
Ngagelan Beach: located 7 km from Trianggulasi. Visitors can watch several species of
turtle landing on the beach to lay their eggs, and other turtle breeding activities.
-
Plengkung: a good place to watch professional world-class surfers perform, and to
explore the forest.
-
Bedul Segoro Anak: boating, swimming and water skiing on the lake, and watching
migrant birds flock in from Australia.
-
Caves: there are 40 cave sites, both natural and artificial, including a Japanese cave
where a pair of old 6-metre long cannons can be seen, Istana Cave, Padepokan Cave,
and other caves for both cultural interest and caving.
Getting there
Banyuwangi-Pasaranyar, 65 km, then Pasaranyar-Trianggulasi, 12 km by car.
Trianggulasi-Plengkung, a 10-km drive along the beach. Other locations like Segoro Anak,
Sadengan and Rowobendo can be reached on foot from Trianggulasi.
Nearest Town
: Trianggulasi
Nearest Airport
: Denpasar
Best time to visit:
March to October
Contact
Alas Purwo National Park Office
Address:
Jl. Achmad Yani 108
Banyuwangi 68416, East Java
Phone: +62-333-410857
Fax: +62-333-428675
E-mail: alaspurwo@telkom.net
49
Bali Barat National Park
Why is it special?
The Bali Barat National Park was founded in 1941 and its main aim was to protect
the Bali Starling and the last of the wild banteng, from which most of the Balinese cattle
descend.
The park lies in the most western part of Bali and
today it comprises a total area of 19,000 ha. The original
park used to extend much further to the east than it
does today and comprised about 77,000 ha.
The Bali Barat Park is mountainous and consists
of primary monsoon forest, mangrove forest (310 ha.),
lowland rain forest, savanna, sea grass vegetation types
(40 ha.), coral reefs (810 ha.), sandy beaches, and both
shallow and deep sea waters (3,520 ha.).
Accessibility and land use within the National
Park is bound to a zoning system which defines the
degree of allowed activities.
The Park has 175 species of plants, 14 of which are endangered species like bayur
(Pterospermum javanicum), ketangi (Lagerstroemia speciosa), burahol (Stelechocarpus
burahol), cendana, or sandalwood (Santalum album), and sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia).
Photo(s) by Ronrad on flickr
50
With about 160 different species Bali Barat National Park is a paradise for birdwatchers. The Bali starling or Rotschild's Myna (Leucopsar rothschildi) is also the mascot of
the Park.
Trekking along the coast of Prapat Agung over a distance of 25 km (clockwise from
Sumber Klampok to Tegal Bunder), is recommended. You must be accompanied by a guide
and here is where the costs comes in.
Permits and obligatory guides are available at the PHPA headquarters at Cekik, at the
PHPA office in Labuhan Lalang or at the PHPA office in Denpasar.
-
Kapal: diving and snorkelling. A shipwreck forms a haven for several coral species, one
of which is Acrophora sp. which has a diameter of 75 cm.
-
Menjangan Island, Pos Satu, Pos Dua and Tanjung Gelap: diving and snorkelling.
-
Krepyak and Sumberrejo: animal observation.
-
Lintas Laut Monument and Makam Jayaprana: sites of cultural interest.
Getting there
The Park can be reached by road from Gilimanuk and Singaraja, or by using ferries
from Ketapang, Java. Gilimanuk is reached by ferry from Java or by bus from Denpasar or
Singaraja. From Gilimanuk take minibus or ojek to Cekik for the last three kilometer. Here
you will find the PHPA headquarters. Another entry point is Labuhan Lalang, accessible by
minibus from Gilimanuk. Labuhan Lalang lies at the main road to Singaraja, which cuts
through the park. To reach Pulau Manjangan you can hire motorboat from Labuhan Lalang
(30-40 min).
Nearest Town
: Gilimanuk
Nearest Airport
: Denpasar
51
Best time to visit
The best time of the year to visit the Bali Barat National Park is at the end of the dry
season/start of the wet season, roughly from August to December.
Contact
Bali Barat National Park Office
Address:
Kantor Pos Gilimanuk
Cekik 82253, Bali
Phone: +62-365-61060 or 61173
E-mail: tnbb@telkom.net
52
Bantimurung Balusaraung National Park
Why is it special?
In 1857, leading British naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace discovered wonders beyond
his imagination as he travelled into the interior of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. He found
himself surrounded by thousands of enchanting butterflies of various sizes and colors.
Fascinated by the scene, he dubbed the area ―the Kingdom of Butterflies‖ and later spent
most of his life in this region to enjoy and examine the 150 species of butterflies not found
elsewhere. Today the area is known as the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, which is
not only the scene of butterflies but also of magnificent caves and a stunning waterfall.
Located in the Maros regency in the province of South Sulawesi, the Bantimurung
Bulusaraung National Park is a mere 50Km from Makassar or 20Km from the Sultan
Hasanuddin international airport.
The Bantimurung National Park has a total area of approximately 43,750 hectares
and is divided into three major types of ecosystems, namely the karst ecosystems, a lowland
forest ecosystem, and a lower montane forest ecosystem. The valleys of limestone hills and
steep karts walls with tropical vegetation have made Bantimurung an ideal habitat for
various rare and endemic species of butterflies, birds and insects.
Although there are not as many butterflies today as there were during Wallace‘s
expedition, visitors can still observe the wide variety of butterflidx within the Butterfly
Conservation Captivity managed by the Center for Butterfly Breeding.Among various
species of butterflies found here are: the Troides halipron, Papiliio Pofites, Papiliio Satapses,
Papiliio blumei and Graphium androcles. One of the rarest and biggest butterflies of the
world, the papillo androcoles are also found in this National Park. This unique species has
the tail similar to swallows. Within the national park, visitors can also find a butterfly
museum which houses thousands of unique and rare butterflies that have and still inhabit
the area. Among other fauna found in the area are: the Kuskus (Phalanger celebencis),
Tarsiers (Tarsius sp.), Monkeys (Macaca Maura), hornbills (Ryticeros cassidix, Peneloppides
exahartus), and Weasels (Macrogofidia mussenbraecki).
By the butterfly center, the fascinating Bantimurung waterfall draws visitors with
its powerful rush of water and refreshing atmosphere. This is a favorite holiday destinaton
especially on weekends.
53
The word Bantimurung itself is derived from two Bugis words: Benti meaning water,
and Merrung meaning roaring. Therefore meaning roaring waters. Others also suggest that
the name Bantimurung comes from the words Banting Murungor smashing one‘s gloom,
meaning that here visitors can release their sadness or depressing thoughts through
refreshing nature.
With a height of 15 meters and a 20 meters width, the Bantimurung waterfall can
only be described as one of nature‘s finest artwork, where waters rush down through its
multi levels rocky streams, decorated by colorful surroundings.
The hills of Bantimurung-Bulusaurung National Park also hold wonders in some of its
astonishing caves. The most notable of these caves are the Goa Mimpi (dream caves) and
Goa Batu (the Stone Cave). Inside these caves, visitors can marvel through their interiors
filled with fascinating stalactites and stalagmites. The dreamlike crystal clear stalactites and
stalagmites earned the cave its popular name, the dream cave or Goa Mimpi. Among these
caves are found prehistoric ―hand stencils‖, similar to the rock art of Australia.
Hiking through 10 meters ascending stairs, visitors can discover another amazing
cave, the Stone cave, or Gua Batu. Aside from offering hiking challenges, Goa Batu also
present enchanting sceneries of small waterfall, and a 30 meters long intriguing cave.
To Do
The Bantimurung Waterfall is a marvel on its own. Situated not too far from the
entrance, visitors can simply enjoy its breathtaking scenery before they jump in to the
crystal clear rejuvenating waters. The Butterfly Conservation captivity and the butterfly
Museum are a must, since butterfies are the main attraction always associated with
Bantimurung. Those who seek adventure can explore the Karst hills and several astonishing
caves found within the national park.
Getting there
Located only 20 Km from Hasanuddin Airport, the national park can be reached from
the airport by local public transportation called pete-pete for about 30 minutes. The petepete will charge about IDR 5.000. If you travel from Makassar, you can catch a public bus
or DAMRI, from the Makassar Mall in the direction of Maros for about one hour and costs
IDR8.500. From Maros, take the same pete-pete that also goes to the airport.
54
In The Thick of the Jungle at Tangkahan
Village
Why is it special?
Often referred to as the
hidden
paradise
Tangkahan‘s
lush
of
Sumatra,
jungle
and
topography makes it a marvelous
tourist spot that remains largely
undiscovered. This village in the
incredible
Gunung
Leuser
National Park is located on the
junction of two rivers, Batang
Serangan and Buluh. The park is
one of the world‘s most biologically diverse conservation areas, home to some of the
planet‘s most endangered species.
Effected in the past by logging and poachers, today this reserve has been
transformed as an eco-reserve. The local people have acted to turn their situation around
and conserve their precious surrounds. Come and meet the elephants who together with the
rangers, patrol the forest to keep illegal loggers and poachers out.
Here the clear, bluish green river set against the panoramic view of the Sumatran
jungle creates a truly mystical atmosphere. Come and discover this hidden jungle paradise
and you won‘t regret it.
To Do
Come and experience an adventure in the jungle. Trek through rugged landscape.
Hike up muddy tracks while you try and spot exotic wildlife that makes this place its
home. For a hike with a difference, try elephant trekking where you can explore the jungle
on the back of an elephant. Swim in the pristine waters of an unspoiled jungle
55
river. Experience the relaxing atmosphere of the natural surrounds, a world away from the
hustle and bustle of city life.
See the elephants of the jungle take their daily bath with a visit to the elephant
camp, a 15 – 20 minute walk from Tangkahan. Take a shower and get a massage at the
same time with a swim under a waterfall. There is a small waterfall just before the two
rivers meet. Or, if you‘ve got the energy, another larger waterfall is located about an hours
trek up the Buluh River but at times the track dissapears so you will have to walk in the
river. Listen to the sounds of the jungle as you take in breathtaking sights of unspoiled
natural beauty.
Getting there
From Medan take public transport from Pinang Baris Bus Terminal to Tangkahan.
The bus takes 4 – 5 hours. Alternatively you can hire a car or taxi to take you directly to
Tangkahan. The trip will take around three hours.
Best time to visit
The best time of the year to visit Tangkahan Village is from June to October.
56
Kerinci Seblat National Park
Why is it special?
Kerinci Seblat National
Park
(TNKS)
is
a
natural
conservation area. This one and
half
million
hectare
area
is
located in four provinces; West
Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and
South
Sumatra.
Sumatra,
it
In
West
covers
some
260,000 hectares and is located
in Pesisir Selatan and Solok
districts.
Types of flora protected in TNKS include Kantung Semar (Nephents Ampularia),
orchids, and tropical trees among others. Types of fauna protected include Sumatran
Tigers, bears, deer, various primates and birds among others.
Types of endemic primates protected in TNKS include Simpai, Ungkou, Siamang
(Symphanlangus Syndactylus), monkeys, and long tail monkeys among others. Types of
birds protected include Rangkong, Tohtor and Kuau birds and eagles among others. Most of
these fauna are endangered species.
To Do
TNKS area in Lumpo Resort has a waterfall
called Air Terjun Lumpo which consists of three
levels with the highest level of about 80 meters
high. From Limau Gadang village border, it will take
four to five hours to travel 7 kilometers to the
waterfall. Bukit Bontak and Mount Kerinci are
located in Solok Selatan.
Besides trekking, this
protected forest area can also be used for camping.
57
TNKS is a special tourist destination. Meaning, TNKS is the right place for nature lovers who
love to trek across thick forest. Trekking must be accompanied by rangers assigned to each
resort station. If you like to stay overnight, visitors can also be accompanied by at least one
local inhabitant assigned to carry tents and cooking tools.
Getting there
The easiest access to TNKS in
West Sumatra is from Painan, Pesisir
Selatan district, or Solok Selatan. From
Minangkabau
international
airport,
visitors must go to Padang first and
continue their journey to Painan by
rented car or arranged travel by an
agent for about Rp 40,000 to Rp50,000.
In Painan, visitors must first report at
the Office of Lumpo Resort, which is
located behind Painan bus station and the market, and bring along the Entry permit to a
Conservation Area (SIMAKSI) from the Central Office of the Management of National Park II
(PTN II) in Padang.
Tips
Before visiting TNKS, visitors must first obtain a SIMAKSI permit from the Central
Office of the Management of National Park II (PTN II) at Khatib Sulaiman street no.46
Padang, Phone/Fax: +62-751-447668.
If you like to travel around TNKS off Lumpo Resort, it is best to save time by staying
in the forest so that you can enjoy the beautiful nature, flora and fauna. It is necessary for
visitors to bring extra clothes, supplies, tents, torchlights, salts for prevention against
snakes, tobacco to avoid leech bites and anti-mosquito lotion. Despite the difficult
environment, it is possible for you to visit Lumpo waterfall and return on the same day. You
can come in the morning and return in late afternoon.
58
Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve: Site of
Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption
Why is it special?
In the afternoon of
26th August
Krakatau
1883
suddenly
Mt.
erupted
with such cataclysmic force
that its boom could be heard
in
Burma
to
Australia.
The
massive
volcanic
far
away
next
day,
materials
blasted so high causing a
gaping gash in its crater and the mountain imploded and sank. The boiling sea brought
about huge tsunami waves of more than 10 meters high, devastating the towns of Banten
and Anyer on Java and Lampung on Sumatra, wiping out their entire population. The
tsunami waves spread throughout the Indian Ocean, and was said to be felt even as far
away as France. While Krakatau‘s volcanic ash was reported to circle the earth‘s
atmosphere, creating spectacular sunsets around the globe for two years.
Today, where once stood the mighty Krakatau volcano, a number of idyllic small
tropical islands are left in the Sunda Straits between the island of Java and Sumatra. These
are the Krakatau islands which consist of Rakata or Krakatau Besar (Large Krakatau),
Panjang or Krakatau Kecil (Small Krakatau),Sertung and the Anak Krakatau (The
child of Krakatau). While the islands of Rakata, Sertung and Panjang are remnants of the
ancient Mount Krakatau, Anak Krakatau is an active volcano that surfaced only in 1927 and
incredibly, still continues to grow as a result of volcanic activities below.
Administratively, the Krakatau Islands are located within the sub-district of Rajabasa,
South Lampung, in Lampung Province on Sumatra. But, in fact they form part of the Ujung
Kulon – Krakatau Nattional Park, which is recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage site.
59
As the site of one of the most
catastrophic natural disasters in the
world,
the
Krakatau
Islands
are
considered today as a massive natural
laboratory. Encompassing a total area of
13.735,10
hectares,
they
comprise
11.200 hectares of marine reserves and
2.535,10 hectares of land reserves, the
Krakatau
Islands
bear
considerable
importance to scientists in Geology, Biology and volcanology. For general visitors,
nonetheless, the sheer view and incredible history of volcanic activities of the islands are
surely something worth travelling for. Information on accessibility can be found on how to
get there. Terms and procedures on entering the nature reserve are available at tips.
Setting foot on an active volcano is certainly a one of a kind sensation, and if
fortunate enough, visitors can watch as the Anak Krakatau volcano presents its active side.
―Born‖ in 1927, the young volcano still frequently ejects smoke, lava and other volcanic
materials as it continues to grow higher. The marine environment around the island offers
its own attraction as it holds no less than 50 species of fish that live among its unspoilt coral
reefs. Read more on the dramatic history of Mount Krakatau under Related Attractions:
History of Krakatau.
The island- group along with its marine environment was declared by the Dutch
Colonial government as a nature Reserve since 1919, encompassing a total area of 2.405,10
hectares. The Krakatau Islands were later in 1984 incorporated into the Ujung Kulon
National Park located on the western part of Java. In 1990, the Directorate General for
Forest Protection and Nature Conservation of the Ministry of Forestry assigned the
management of the Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve to the Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya
Alam or the Natural Resources Conservation Office of Lampung, on Sumatra, with the aim to
protect and preserve its integrity as an important conservation site for science and
education. In the same year the nature reserve was expanded by the Ministry of Forestry to
cover the total area as known today.
In 1991, UNESCO acknowledged both Ujung Kulon National Park and the Krakatau
Islands Nature Reserve as an integrated UNESCO Natural World Heritage site.
Krakatau is also commonly known in the English-speaking world as Krakatoa. This
may have been attributed to a sub-editor at ―The Times‖ who may have typographically
swapped the 'a' and 'o' of the Portuguese spelling as he interpreted a telegraphic report on
60
the massive eruption of 1883. Furthermore, the 1969 Academy Award nominated movie,
―Krakatoa, East of java‖ ,-which is geographically misleading, - also aided in popularizing the
Krakatoa misspelling .The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program cites the
Indonesian name, Krakatau, as the correct name but says that its spelling as Krakatoa is
also often used.
To Do
Marveling at the remnants of the Mighty Mount Krakatau, and observing its
successor ―Anak Krakatau‖ are certainly top activities in your priority list. While you are
within the area, you can also explore its unique collection of flora which consists of: 206
kinds
of Fungi,
13
kinds
of Lichenes,
61 Pteridophyta and
about
257
kinds
of Spermatophyta. You may also come across some of the animals that inhabit the harsh
terrain of the volcanic islands including various snakes, lizards, sea turtles, bats and others.
Here are other activities that you can do around the nature reserve complex:
Sertung Island
Here, aside from admiring the stunning scenery, visitors can swim, dive, and surf on
its water.
Rakata (Krakatau Besar) Island
Visitor can enjoy existing wall climbing as an addition to the varying water
activities.
Panjang (Krakatau Kecil) Island
On the south west of the island you can find an unspoiled coral reef along with its
beautiful collection of fishes and other marine life.
Anak Krakatau Island
The main attraction of the entire nature reserve, Anak Krakatau offers its own
sensation for scientists and general visitors alike. Aside from scientific research and
observations, visitors can simply set foot on the beach and feel the hot black volcanic sands
on beneath your feet. Try scaling this new volcano to the top where you can now find fresh
vegetation that has started to grow on this once barren land.
61
Getting there
Given its central location, the Krakatau Islands are accessible both from the island of
Sumatra and Java. From Sumatra the main entry point is Bandar Lampung, the capital of
Lampung, while from Java, the nature reserve is accessible from the country‘s capital
Jakarta, through the province of Banten.
From Bandar Lampung
From Bandar Lampung you can take a bus from Rajabasa or Panjang terminal in the
direction of Kalianda, South Lampung districts for approximately 45 minutes. There you can
continue your trip by public transportation mini buses (angkutan kota) taking about 10
minutes to Canti Village. Once you are in Canti village, heads to its pier where you can rent
a fast boat (Jetfoil) or regular motor boats. If you use a fast boat, the journey will take
approximately 90 minutes to get to Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve, while using regular
motor boats, the trip will last approximately 150 minutes.
From Jakarta
The fastest way to get to the islands from Jakarta is by chartered Jetfoil or fast boats
or alternately cruise ships from Tanjung Priok Bay straight to the Krakatau Islands. If you
are adventurous enough, you can take the public transportation route. Start by taking a bus
at the Kalideres Terminal in direction of Merak Harbor in Banten Province which will take
roughly about 1.5 hours. From the Merak Harbor you will need to take a ferry across the
Sunda Straits that will take you to Bakauheni Harbor on Sumatra. Depending on the weather
and traffic conditions, the ferry ride will take about 1 to 2 hours. From The Bakauheni
Harbor you can charter public transport that will take you to Port Tanjung Bom. From
Tanjung Bom you can find many rented boats that can take you to Sabesi Island as a transit
point before heading to Krakatau Island. From Sabesi Island to Krakatau Islands is about a 2
hour boat ride.
Tips
According to the Law, visitors must first obtain a Conservation Site Entry Permit
(Surat Ijin Masuk Kawasan Konservasi/SIMAKSI) before they can enter the Krakatau Nature
Reserve. Without holding SIMAKSI, visiting Krakatau Nature Reserve is an illegal action.
Krakatau SIMAKSI can only be obtained at the Nature Resources Conservation Agency of
Lampung (BKSDA Lampung) with the contact address provided at the main page, or for
further information regarding the SIMAKSI you can contact:
Mr. Ari Rakatama
62
Phone
: +62 721 703882 or +62 813 69455403
Email
: ari_raka@yahoo.com
Documents Requirements for Krakatau SIMAKSI:
1. Research / Survey Objectives:
Application Letter
Copy of Applicant‘s ID Card / Passport
List of the Name and Nationality of All Visitors
Research / Survey Proposal
2. Educational Objectives:
Application Letter
Copy of ID Card Applicant
List the Name and Nationality of All Visitors
All of the requirements are to be submitted to the BKSDA Lampung at least seven
days before entering the site. Other requirements will be determined later after studying the
proposal activities, according to regulations.
Contact
BALAI KSDA LAMPUNG
Jl. Z. A. Pagar Alam IB - Bandar Lampung
Telp/Fax. (0721) 703882
Email: bksdalpg@yahoo.com and bksdalpg@gmail.com
Website: http://www.krakatau.or.id/
63
Reference:
The Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia
http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/TN%20INDO-ENGLISH/tn_index_English.htm
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Indonesia
http://www.indonesia.travel
Regional Tourism Offices all over Indonesia
64

HIKING and TREKKING in

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