Geograffiti Newsletter - Department of Geographical Sciences

Transcription

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
Department of Geographical Sciences
Winter 2015
INSIDE
Research Director’s Update
Department Research
Field Work
Study Abroad
Conferences/Workshops
Training
2
3 - 11
12—13
13
14—16
17
Events
18 – 20
Alumni
21- 22
GEOGRAFFITI
View from the Chair, Christopher Justice
The Fall Semester 2015 has been a very successful one. We continue to
develop our new Center for Geographical Information Science and are
slowly improving our gender balance with the hire of two exceptional new
female Faculty Members. Dr. Kathleen Stewart is well known in the GIS
community and comes to us from the University of Iowa, and Dr. Leila De
Floriani from the University of Genova, with an impressive international
reputation in geo-visualization and computer science. Dr. De Floriani will
have a joint appointment with the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. We are also in the process of hiring an Assistant Professor in the field of GIS. Our undergraduate majors are increasing in this area and we plan to expand our GIS course offerings at both
undergraduate and graduate levels. This growth is putting considerable
stress on our outdated facilities and as a result, the College and Campus
have accepted a proposal to renovate part of our existing space on the
ground floor of LeFrak Hall, to provide improved GIS teaching and research classrooms and enhance our Motion Capture lab. We will be
looking for help to equip and furnish the renovated space.
Our externally funded research continues to grow to record levels – we
are producing more papers in leading journals and our Research Faculty
has increased (to 97) to meet the needs of our increased research activities. Amongst all this good news, we also received some sad news, with
the passing of Brian Melchior. Brian and his wife Minnie were both Masters’ students and researchers in our Department, and he will truly be
missed. With generous donations from Brian’s family, friends and former
colleagues, we are setting up an endowment for a graduate student fellowship and welcome additional donations (http://go.umd.edu/Melchior).
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES * WINTER 2015 * NEWSLETTER
D E PA R T M E N T R E S E A R C H
PAGE 2
View from the Chair, continued….
This semester we started the University-mandated process of retitling our professional track faculty. We
organized an international workshop on land use change in Indonesia. We hosted visitors from the Congo,
Argentina, Australia, China and Bangladesh. In November we held our first Diwali cultural event, organized
by our graduate students from the Indian sub-continent with singing, dancing and ethnic food. In early December we held our annual departmental retreat at Osprey Point on the Chesapeake Bay. These retreats
provide an opportunity for in-depth discussion amongst the faculty to develop new ideas and resolve recurring issues. This retreat had a focus on enhancing our undergraduate program, aligning our teaching program to our faculty research expertise and developing a teaching opportunity for all of our Ph.D. students,
without hindering their progress to obtaining their degree.
Words from the Research Director, George Hurtt
As the year ends, 2015 is on track to continuing the trend and passing 2014 as the warmest year on record
globally since modern record keeping began in 1880. What is more surprising, and different this time, is the human response. Earlier this Fall (Sep), the U.N. released the the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
calling for urgent action to combat climate change as one of 17 sustainable development goals. In December,
the U.N. Conference of the Parties met for the 21st time and reached a landmark international agreement to
limit future global warming to 2 degrees C or less. With so much scientific attention paid to tipping points and
non-linearities in the physical Earth system, this year is certainly a tipping point in the human system/human
response. We can finally expect to see countries around the world move to define and implement nationally determined contributions to mitigating future climate change. To support this action, a new generation of research
and education will be needed on the physical system to reduce uncertainties and improve predictions on carbon
and climate, and perhaps even more importantly in the social sciences to understand the potential impacts on
society, develop and implement new policies, and provide the information on which they will depend. In all this,
GEOG has been active, out ahead, and is well positioned for the future. Recent research has compared multiple
global maps of forest cover and shown them to disagree over a total area as large as 12% of the Earth’s surface
(Sexton). A novel combination of remote sensing and modeling were used to extend carbon accounting to timber products in advance of potential climate agreements (Ling). Outsourcing manufacturing to China was shown
to cause significantly higher CO2 emissions (Feng, Hubacek). The goal of climate mitigation in relevant global
future scenarios was found to be helpful to future scenarios of biodiversity (Jantz). For COP21, we helped prep
by participating in the NASA Carbon & Climate Media Briefing and were featured in a NASA feature video on
carbon monitoring seen by over 170K viewers (Hurtt). GEOG and BSOS were represented at the event
(Baiocchi) and we presented new remote sensing capabilities for forests (Hansen). Meanwhile the NASACarbon Monitoring System completed its 4th annual Science Team meeting (Hurtt), the GEDI Mission passed
important milestones (Dubayah), our contribution to the GEO Global Agricultural Monitoring Monitoring Initiative
was showcased in Mexico City (Becker-Reshef, Whitcraft) and in 2016, we are preparing for the NASA Land
Use Cover Change Program to celebrate its 20th Anniversary (Justice). In early January, GEOG is organizing
the first land use and remote sensing meeting in Myanmar (Vadrevu). With all this activity, campus is launching
new initiatives as well, and the department is prepping to engage both on Climate and Big Data via the Joint
Global Carbon Cycle Center, the GI Science Center, and other potential new activities.
PAGE 3
Carbon, Biodiversity and Cutting-Edge Technologies
Forest carbon storage and biodiversity patterns are increasingly studied together as most carbon rich forests of the world are also biodiversity hotspots. Remote sensing technologies like lidar (Light Detection and
Ranging) and radar are allowing scientists to measure 3D forest structure in unprecedented detail for improving estimates of carbon storage in trees and simultaneously predicting suitable habitats for wildlife
species. Assistant Research Professor Anu Swatantran brings these two seemingly diverse research
themes under one umbrella using innovative technologies and fusion approaches. She has been collaborating with Professor Ralph Dubayah and other researchers in the Vegetation Canopy Lab (VCL) and
Global Ecosystems Lab (GEL) on many exciting research projects. One of them involves the use of a new
technology called single photon lidar. Single photon lidar provides detailed 3D forest structure and terrain
measurements over large areas and acquires data much faster and more efficiently than other lidar systems. It is a significant technological development with many potential applications in carbon monitoring
(e.g. REDD+ programs) and habitat mapping. Anu Swatantran and Research Associate Hao Tang evaluated an experimental dataset acquired by Sigma Space over Garrett County in Maryland to determine the
strengths and challenges in using single photon lidar for large-scale forest mapping. They developed novel
algorithms to derive countywide forest structure and terrain attributes from the dataset. Extensive evaluations showed that the accuracies of these attributes were comparable to existing lidar data but single photon lidar provided much more three-dimensional detail. Their findings suggested that once issues with solar
noise and instrument calibrations are overcome, airborne single photon lidar could provide an accurate and
cost-effective alternative to traditional lidar approaches for carbon monitoring. A publication on this research has been submitted to Nature Scientific Reports.
Figure: 3D forest map
from de-noised single
photon lidar data.
PAGE 4
Carbon, Biodiversity and Cutting-Edge Technologies continued...
In a related study, Anu Swatantran is exploring the relationships between forest structure and long-term
presence of bird species in Garrett County. This study links lidar derived canopy metrics with Breeding Bird
Survey (BBS) data for over 150 species using machine-learning algorithms. For a subset of the birds (e.g.
at risk species), the influences of vertical and spatial forest structure on nesting, foraging and residence
are analyzed. These analyses will help in determining approaches for countywide habitat monitoring with
lidar in addition to carbon monitoring (http://carbonmonitoring.umd.edu). They will also provide insights on
habitat characteristics that can be obtained from future space-borne single photon lidar missions such as
ICESat-2. The research team includes Dr. Qiongyu Huang, Dr. Wenli Huang, and Dr. Hao Tang.
Future space-borne lidar missions such as ICESat-2 and the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation
(GEDI) will provide accurate but spatially scattered observations, unlike dense measurements from airborne lidar. There is a need for newer and powerful algorithms to fuse lidar with other datasets to improve
spatial coverage of forest maps for carbon and habitat studies. Anu Swatantran and Wenlu Qi are exploring novel data fusion approaches in collaboration with Assistant Professor Piya Pal from the Electrical Engineering department. Funded by the UMD-NSF ADVANCE program, this research explores the use of
modern signal processing theories like compressive sampling to recover forest structure from scattered
lidar and continuous radar/multispectral imagery. Ultimately, these studies will help us harness cuttingedge technologies to monitor and preserve carbon and biodiversity in the Earth’s forests.
Outsourcing Manufacturing to China Results in High CO2 Emissions
Despite the increasingly fervent debate regarding the trade relationship between China and the United
States and its implications for the global political environment, it is evident that manufacturing goods in China and shipping them to developed countries has realworld consequences, particularly for the environment.
University of Maryland researchers, Drs Kuishuang Feng
and Klaus Hubacek in collaboration with others, have
begun to quantify the magnitude of those impacts and
published their findings in Nature Climate Change. Their
study demonstrates that buying a product made in China
causes significantly higher carbon dioxide emissions than
purchasing the same product made elsewhere. For this
study, researchers pay particular attention to Chinese
provinces with high emissions intensity and suggest that
developed economies could do a lot to alleviate carbon
pollution by helping improve manufacturing practices in
these provinces.
PAGE 5
UMD-CARPE III: The Good Work
Continues with New Five Year Grant
The United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Central Africa Regional Program for the
Environment (CARPE: carpe.umd.edu) has been supporting sustainable natural resource management in
priority conservation areas of the Congo Basin since 1995. Since CARPE’s inception, the Geographical Sciences Department at UMD, through NASA, has been a cross-cutting partner for CARPE, providing remote
sensing and GIS expertise for forest cover and forest cover loss monitoring , modeling habitat for conservation, and the investigating dynamics of land cover and land use change. This fall, the department received a
new five year grant from NASA to continue this important work with Dr. Matt Hansen as Principal Investigator.
The goal of this third and final phase of CARPE is to support Central Africa’s transition to climate-resilient,
low-emissions development accelerated through sustainable management of biodiverse forests. In addition
to supporting sustainable management of targeted forested landscapes, mitigating threats to biodiversity,
and fostering good environmental governance, CARPE seeks to strengthen capacity to monitor forests,
greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity.
One of the significant achievements of CARPE is the development of an automated satellite based forest
cover mapping system for the Congo Basin, Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Evaluées par Télédétection (FACET)
Dr. Matt Hansen began this work as a PhD student here at UMD, continued it during his tenure as Director
of the GIS Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University, and then returned to the department with
his team where they developed the Global Forest Change (GFC) mapping process for which FACET was
the prototype. Dr. Hansen has consistently sought to establish operational capacity for satellite based forest
cover monitoring in Central Africa, primarily through the Observatoire Satellital des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (OSFAC). OSFAC disseminates the FACET data products, publishes FACET atlases (on line at
osfac.net), and provides in region training on the FACET method. CARPE supports the research of five
graduate students in the department, two of whom are OSFAC alumni.
Yolande Munzimi (PhD candidate) is developing a hydrological model for the Congo River and characterizing precipitation for the basin using remote sensing data as there is a very limited hydrological observation
network in the region. In January of this year, Yolande visited Inga, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Province of Bas-Congo, where two hydroelectric dams are located. A third dam is planned and the massive
Grand Inga hydropower facility is proposed for this site. Yolande recently published a paper entitled
“Characterizing Congo Basin Rainfall and Climate Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Satellite Data and Limited Rain Gauge Ground Observations” in the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology.
Patrick Lola Amani (Faculty Specialist), former OSFAC remote sensing lab director, and recent graduate of
the MPS program, serves as the technical liaison between OSFAC and UMD. Using remote sensing data,
Patrick is investigating patterns of human settlement and methods for spatially allocating the human population across DRC. Patrick returns regularly to Central Africa to provide training in remote sensing and forest monitoring for national institutions and OSFAC. He has also been assisting Drs (continued on page 6)
PAGE 6
UMD-CARPE III: The Good Work
Continues with New Five Year Grant continued...
Hansen and Potapov with their undergraduate
remote sensing laboratory classes.
Giuseppe Molinario (PhD student) is analyzing
forest cover dynamics in the DRC, with particular
focus on forest fragmentation. Giuseppe has developed Landsat resolution forest fragmentation
maps for the entire DRC, including a time series
maps of the rural complex and its expansion
over the last decade.
Sam Jantz (PhD student) and Dr. Janet
Nackoney are working with the Jane Goodall
Institute on a project funded by NASA to build a
decision support system to monitor and forecast
chimpanzee habitat and help guide conservation decisions for chimpanzees across West and Central Africa.
Earth observations (30-meter resolution Landsat data) are integrated with a species-specific habitat model to
forecast future land use change until 2030. Model calibration and validation are enhanced by crowd-sourced
field data collected by local communities and protected area rangers using Android mobile smartphones and
tablets.
Sasha Tyukavina (PhD candidate) successfully defended her dissertation, “Characterizing Forest Disturbance
Dynamics in the Humid Tropics Using Optical and LIDAR Remotely Sensed Data Sets”, this April. Part of her
work combined the Landsat-derived forest cover maps with GLAS data to estimate above ground carbon loss
from forest disturbance for the DRC. This was an important contribution for the climate change component of
CARPE as well as for DRC’s participation in REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation).
A highlight of Sasha’s work as a student was her field data collection trip in 2014 to the forests of the Republic
of Congo (Geograffiti Spring 2014), research done in collaboration with the Marien Ngouabi University and supported by
the SilvaCarbon program as well as
CARPE. We congratulate Sasha on the
successful completion of her PhD.
Photos: (above) Yolande Munzimi at
Inga, the largest waterfall in the
world (by volume) and site of the proposed Grand Inga hydropower facility;
(left) Tablets are distributed to local
communities to collect field observations of land use and chimpanzee occurrence.
D E PA R T M E N T R E S E R A C H
PAGE 7
GEOG Provides Leadership in Global Agricultural Monitoring
Feeding the planet’s growing population is
among the largest global challenges we face.
To combat increasingly volatile markets and
the threat they pose to food security, the G20
in 2011 formally endorsed Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring
(GEOGLAM) Initiative alongside the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS). GEOGLAM leverages satellite and in situ observations to provide timely, accurate, and policy-relevant information
on global crop conditions, estimations and forecasts of crop production, and early warnings of crop failure.
GEOGLAM is implemented through six components, three of which are core thematic components enabled
by three cross cutting components (figure 1).
UMD Geographers have been involved in GEOGLAM before its inception. In fact, Professors Chris Justice
and Inbal Becker-Reshef were instrumental in helping to build the global agricultural monitoring Community
of Practice from the mid-2000’s onward, in developing a community research agenda, and in drafting the proposal for GEOGLAM that was ultimately endorsed by the G20. Since 2011, Dr. Justice has co-led Component 1, and in 2012 Dr. Becker-Reshef initiated the GEOGLAM Crop Monitor, an operational activity, with
over 35 international partners, providing monthly reports on crop conditions to AMIS for inclusion in their
trade-focused Market Monitor. She leads a versatile Crop Monitor team – including Brian Barker, Katie
McGaughey, Mike Humber, Antonio Sanchez Galvez, and Patrick McDonough – which has built an interface
that allows agricultural experts from around the world to report on crop conditions in their region of expertise,
facilitating transparent and timely international assessments. The team assembles the analysts’ submissions,
holds monthly telecons to reach international consensus on crop conditions, and generates a set of easy to
understand maps and charts of crop conditions targeted for the policy and economics community. The GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for AMIS is an outcome of multiple, collaborative iterations with AMIS to provide geospatial information and visualizations to a non-remote sensing audience, and is a good example of a demanddriven science application, which has
gained high-level support from a large
range of countries and international organizations (continued on page 8).
Figure 2: The Synthesis Crop Conditions Map, as of November 28, 2015,
from the Crop Monitor for AMIS. This
illustrates the conditions for the four
crops, and only shows a crop symbol
where conditions are other than
“Favourable.” Note poor conditions
D E PA R T M E N T R E S E R A C H
PAGE 8
GEOG Provides Leadership in
Global Agricultural Monitoring continued….
In the meantime, Dr. Alyssa Whitcraft (pictured below) has led
Component 4 and served as the point of contact for agriculture
with the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS).
Through this, she has worked with space agencies and monitoring
experts alike to establish systems and procedures for satellite data acquisition and dissemination. Crucial to this activity was the
development of the satellite data requirements for agricultural
monitoring and the evaluation of current satellite mission capacity
to meet them, identifying potential gaps and opportunities (figure
3). Her current focus with the CEOS Ad Hoc Working Group for
GEOGLAM is on developing and prototyping cloud-based solutions to data visualization and analysis, on refining the data requirements, and on advocating to the space agencies for broader
and more frequent data acquisitions for GEOGLAM.
Since May 2015, both Drs. Becker-Reshef and Whitcraft have
been seconded on a part-time basis to the GEOGLAM Secretariat
to provide critical support to the Initiative’s Office, with NASA ApFigure3: Where we can and cannot
plied Sciences support. Dr. Becker-Reshef and her team have
meet some of GEOGLAM’s data rebeen leveraging their experience and success with the Crop Moniquirements using CEOS missions.
tor for AMIS to prototype an Early Warning Crop Monitor for coun(Whitcraft, Killough, Becker-Reshef,
tries at risk of food insecurity, through collaborations with FEWS
and Justice, 2015, Rem. Sens.)
NET, European Commission Joint Research Center, UN FAO, and
World Food Programme. This expansion from major production crops and areas (the AMIS focus) to food
insecure areas and their nationally/regionally significant crops is an important progression of the GEOGLAM
Initiative.
In November 2015 in Mexico City at GEO Plenary XII, GEOGLAM
held a well-attended public outreach event and convened its external Advisory Committee for the first time. Composed of high-level
officials from around the world, the Advisory Committee provided
GEOGLAM with insight into how to ensure successful implementation, including that it seek to formally expand its G20-recognized
mandate from monitoring food production for trade/markets to food
security. This suggestion resonates well with GEOGLAM’s structure
and UMD’s efforts, and will shape the coming year’s activities in
preparation for the November 2016 G20 in China. For more information on GEOGLAM, go to www.geoglam.org and follow
@G20_GEOGLAM on Twitter.
PAGE 9
North American Forest Dynamics Study Releases an Annual Record of
U.S. Forest Disturbance History over a Quarter Century
The North American Forest Dynamics team has released the project Phase III data set through the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). This “NAFD-NEX product”
consists of 30-m, wall-to-wall forest disturbance maps for the conterminous U.S. over the time period 19862010. These maps were derived by analyzing 23,000+ Landsat images selected from over 150,000+ Landsat acquisitions available for the spatial and temporal domains of the NAFD study, using the NASA Earth
eXchange (NEX) cloud computing facility (https://c3.nasa.gov/nex/) housed at the NASA Ames Research
Center. They capture moderate to severe changes in forest canopy cover caused by both natural events
(e.g. forest fire, wind and snow storm, insect outbreak, etc.) and human activities (e.g. harvest, logging,
urban development, etc.).
NAFD consisted of multiple studies led by Dr. Samuel Goward that have been funded within the context for
the North American Carbon Program by NASA and other federal agencies for over a decade (2003-2015).
It was conducted in collaboration with scientists from University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center, NASA Ames Research Center, and USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain
Research Stations. Its main goal is to quantify U.S. forest disturbance history and to reduce uncertainties
in current understanding of the U.S. Carbon budget by constraining estimates of forest C stocks and fluxes. Early phases of NAFD focused on exploring the temporal richness of Landsat data for time series studies, developing algorithms to produce high levels of spatial and spectral consistency among dense time
series Landsat observations, and using those observations to track forest disturbance and recovery. Results were validated through studies conducted over focal and sample locations selected across the U.S.
In 2011, Phase III of the NAFD
study began, building off of
phase I and II lessons and using
the NASA NEX system to produce an annual, wall-to-wall assessment of forest disturbances
over the conterminous U.S.
Phase III activities also included
efforts led by NASA/GSFC and
USDA Forest Service PNW and
RMRS scientists to track postdisturbance recovery and determine disturbance agents.
A time integrated view of forest
disturbances over CONUS, with
full resolution examples showing
difference
disturbance
types mapped in the NAFD-NEX
PAGE 10
Mapping Forest Cover and Loss in the Republic of Congo
The Global Land Analysis and Discovery Lab (GLAD) within the Department of Geographical Sciences G
(GEOG) at the UMD in collaboration with the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Observatoire Satellital
des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (OSFAC) with support of USAID’s Central Africa Regional Program for the
Environment (CARPE) provides technical assistance for using satellite data to map and monitor forests of
the Republic of Congo in Central Africa. The Republic of Congo is committed to the Reduced Emissions
from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) of forests processes and is supported by the international
community. The REDD+ process requires, among other things, the establishment of a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System in accordance with the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) guidelines. The country is setting up strategic and technical tools to support
that process in particular construction of a Forest Reference Emission Level which will integrate deforestation and forest degradation into the calculation of the reference levels.
The detection of deforestation and forest degradation involves the identification of forest cover and its evolution over time in accordance with the definition of "forest" in the context of REDD+ based on three major
criteria: minimum forest area of 0.50 ha, minimum tree height of 3 meters and minimum rate of tree crown
cover of 30%.
From 30 August to 03 October 2015, Cherubim Brice Ouissika, Head of Mapping Bureau for CNIAF/MRV
Expert, and Lill Teddy Diackabana, CNIAF/MRV Expert of the Republic of Congo, as well as André Mazinga and Cédric Singa of OSFAC came to UMD to work with GEOG’s Dr. Matt Hansen, Dr. Peter Potapov
and Patrick Lola Amani. During the visit, the team produced an up-to-date map of forest cover and loss for
the Republic of Congo using the methodology and
data compiled by the
GLAD group. The Republic of Congo presented this
map at the COP21 Conference in Paris on climate, representing the
status and understanding
of the Republic of Congo’s
forest cover and trends in
forest
cover
change.
(continued on page 11)
Photo (left to right):
Matthew
Hansen,
Andre Mazinga, Patrick
Lola
Amani,
Cedric Singa and Lill
Teddy Diackabana.
PAGE 11
Mapping Forest Cover and Loss in the Republic of Congo continued...
In addition to facilitating the Republic of Congo’s participation in REDD+, the specific objectives of the work
group were: (1) to strengthen the capacity of CNIAF technicians to process remote sensing data for forest
mapping, (2) to make a typology of forest stratification taking into account the definition adopted by the Republic of Congo, (3) to map the extent and loss of forest cover in the Congo 2000-2014 and (4) to produce
statistics on forest cover.
This collaborative work has been a successful experience and has proven to be the best way of engaging
countries which have accepted the methodology of quantifying forest cover and loss developed by the
GLAD group and seek to integrate it into their MRV system. In conclusion, the CNIAF and all the partners
agreed to the following activities: a field mission in the Republic of Congo for validation of the loss map;
validation using very high resolution RapidEye imagery of forest strata; implementation of the Alert System
for the Republic of Congo; annual revisits of the of the current work to improve the techniques, production
of estimates of carbon emissions by strata and mapping of settlement areas of the Republic of Congo.
New Study Investigates Potential Global Biodiversity Loss
from Future Land-Use Change
The Earth is currently in the midst of its sixth mass extinction with the highest rates of species losses since
the dinosaurs vanished 65 million years ago. The current extinction crisis is driven by human activities, primarily from habitat loss via land-cover and land use change; however, climate change could become the
leading driver of extinctions in the future unless effective mitigation policies are implemented. How societies will meet growing demands for food and fiber while simultaneously working to mitigate climate change
may critically affect biodiversity by increasing land use activities in sensitive areas. This study, led by UMD
PhD student Samuel Jantz, which began as a group project in George Hurtt's Landcover Land-Use
Change course (GEOG 615), includes fellow UMD PhD students Qiongyu Huang and Rachel Moore, Faculty Research Assistants Brian Barker and Jacob Noel, Assistant Research Professor Louise Chini, Professor George Hurtt, and international expert Dr. Thomas Brooks of the International Union for Conservation
of Nature (IUCN). The study assessed the potential impact of future land use scenarios including climate
mitigation on the potential loss of habitable area in biodiversity hotspots, distinct biogeographic regions
with extremely high numbers of endemic species, due to associated land-use changes till the end of the
century. They estimated the loss of natural vegetative cover under four different climate change mitigation
policy scenarios based on global gridded land-use data used in the latest IPCC report, and generated extinction estimates by employing the species-area relationship. Relative to current estimates, they found
natural vegetative cover in biodiversity hotspots could be reduced by an additional 26-58% and could result in hundreds to thousands of additional extinctions by 2100. These estimates of potential future extinctions were driven by land use change only, and likely would be higher if the direct effects of climate change
had been considered. They conclude future extinctions could potentially be reduced by incorporating habitat preservation into scenario development to reduce projected future land use changes in hotspots, or by
lessening the impact of future land use activities on biodiversity within hotspots.
FIELD WORK
PAGE 12
Assisting African Wildlife Foundation with
Forest Conservation Efforts in the DRC
In September 2015, Dr. Janet Nackoney, Assistant Research Professor, traveled to Democratic Republic
of the Congo (DRC) to attend meetings and conduct field work for a collaborative project with the African
Wildlife Foundation (AWF) focused on building land use planning processes with local communities. The
project is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s Central Africa Program for the Environment (CARPE). As part of the project, she helps build capacity for community mapping
activities and forest conservation initiatives led by AWF near the village of Djolu in northern DRC. There is
no system of land tenure in DRC; thus, its natural resources belong to the State. However, local communities can formally request to manage their own community forests, following guidelines for forest zoning recently developed by the DRC Government. As DRC’s rural villages are often located in very remote and
impoverished areas and lack necessary capacity to initiate such a process, Nackoney works directly with
AWF partners and local community leaders to both teach community leaders how to develop land use
management plans that adhere to national guidelines, and provide mapping tools that help the communities map their land use activities and boundaries. Communities engage in the mapping process by creating
hand-drawn maps that illustrate local knowledge, then supplement the maps with relevant geographic features identified from satellite imagery provided by UMD and from GPS data that are collected by the communities on foot. The final maps are then digitized and imported into a Geographic Information System
(GIS) and the digital boundaries transferred to the DRC government for formal recognition.
As a separate component of the project, Nackoney helps AWF identify and map areas that are important
for the conservation of bonobos living in the region. Bonobos are a species of great ape that are found only
in the DRC. They are classified as endangered and are threatened by both bushmeat hunting and habitat
loss. During her trip, Nackoney visited a biological field station directed by colleagues from the Primate Research Institute at Kyoto University in Japan, where habitat research on wild bonobos has been conducted
since the 1970s. While there, she and AWF’s ecologist, Dr. Nakedi Maputla, accompanied bonobo expert
Dr. Tetsuya Sakamaki in tracking one large family of bonobos living in the Wamba rainforest. The team
began early in the morning and bushwhacked briskly through the forest, following local trackers who cleared a path via
machete. The team observed the bonobos
waking up from their nesting location, and
followed them through the day, collecting
data on the bonobos’ feeding activities and
habitat use, while observing their play and
taking rest when the bonobos rested. The
experience greatly increased Nackoney’s
knowledge of bonobos and fueled her enthusiasm for conserving this very special
species.
Photo: Janet Nackoney and AWF
Congo Director, Hugues Akpona
F I E L D W O R K / S T U D Y A B R OA D
PAGE 13
Third Year of Undergraduate
Research Program in China a Success
In the summer of 2015, eight students and Lecturer, Mila Zlatic, ventured to China (pictured below with Beijing Normal University students). Students experienced first-hand the consequences of fast urbanization in
China. They visited urban planning exhibition halls in both Beijing and Shanghai; attended lectures offered
by faculty from various Universities including the University of Maryland - Beijing Normal University (UMDBNU) Joint Global Change and Earth Systems Science Center on disaster reduction research, selected topics in human geography, as well as how GIS and remote sensing is applied in geographical research. The
students had the opportunity to learn and discuss applications of geographical methods and techniques in
science, and they conducted a survey at a ‘hutong’, and had numerous field trips in Beijing and its surrounding.
The group took a bullet train from Beijing to Shanghai and discussed new inner and intra city transportation
developments. Additionally, they visited and observed fast growth and urbanization in Suzhou. UMD and
BNU students collaborated and exchanged their study experiences, while fostering new friendships. All
through the journey UMD students were introduced to cultural landmarks in China and discussed the significance of these predominantly urban structures in the context of modern urban development. Visits included
the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Olympic Village, Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, Temple of Heaven,
the Yuyuan gardens, and Jing’an Temple in Shanghai. Students were also able to taste Chinese cuisine
from every region visited. The China summer research program was a great success.
Since then, two students have been accepted into GEOG’s five year BS/MS program for the top undergraduate students majoring in geography or GIS. Five students have continued studying urbanization issues of
China. They defended their honors thesis proposals at the beginning of the Fall semester and have continued working on their honor thesis to
the end of the semester. Finally, they
will prepare their research results for
papers and posters to be presented
at the UMD research conference in
April of 2016.
The Department is grateful to our
Beijing partners for their assistance
in organizing the program, the lectures, and time they devoted to make
it possible for our students to gain
this valuable experience studying in
China. We are also thankful for the
financial help our student received to
participate in this unique research
experience.
CONFERENCES/WORKSHOPS
PAGE 14
Post COP21 Paris: What’s Next?
Despite the recent attacks, the United Nations held the Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21), November 30 - December 11, 2015. This conference is crucial in that representatives from 190 countries attended to achieve, for the first time, “a legally binding and universal agreement on climate, with the aim of
keeping global warming below 2 degrees C” (COP21Paris.org/about). Indeed, an agreement was reached,
and GEOG Associate Professor, Giovanni Baiocchi, was in attendance. He stated that, “Although some of
the language in the agreement is not as strong as one might have hoped… this agreement is still much
more than many believed was possible. There is reason for optimism.” Emphasis is now on implementation. The new Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Hoesung Lee, an economist, is looking for, “inputs from the business, industry and finance where the messages from science and
policy communities are interpreted and acted upon.” Lee wants to champion economic development and
poverty reduction as well. These key points have been widely reaffirmed in Paris.
A few actions that came out of the meeting and agreement that are relevant to our community at large are:
1) Support efforts to mitigate climate change at all levels (individually, department, university, city, etc.)
2) Understand the difference between limiting the increase in global temperatures over pre-industrial level
to 2 and 1.5 degrees Celsius
3) Continue to gather evidence on dangerous climate change
4) Monitor carbon balance (important also for the 5-Year Reviews)
5) Support transfer of technology and finance to promote mitigation and adaptation
6) Put a price on carbon
7) Increase our understanding of local climate change, especially in developing countries
8) Increase the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change
9) Improve the way policy and scientific findings are communicated to the public
Baiocchi also offered that, as an educational institution and in response to the agreement, we should continue doing what we already do well:
 “Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to
information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement"
 "Recognizing the importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in accordance with respective national legislations
of Parties, in addressing climate change"
 In our daily lives, "Recognizing that sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with developed
country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing climate change."
PAGE 15
Workshop Introduces Agri-Sense-STARS Project
and Plans to Monitor Crop Production in Uganda
On September 3, 2015, the Department of Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Management in the Office of
the Prime Minister of Uganda, in partnership with the University of Maryland Department of Geographical
Sciences, and Environmental Surveys, Information, Planning and Policy Systems (ESIPPS) International,
hosted a high level stakeholders’ meeting to formally introduce the AgriSense-STARS project. The objectives of the meeting were to: A) introduce the AgriSense-STARS (Spurring a Transformation for Agriculture
Through Remote Sensing) project and overview proposed methods for monitoring crop conditions for food
security in Uganda to showcasing a pilot crop monitoring study in Moroto district in Karamoja region
planned for the 2016-growing season; B) identify and engage potential key partners/stakeholders in the
country to identify collaboration links; and C) identify avenues and possible contributions of AgriSenseSTARS to current crop monitoring in Uganda.
The workshop - which assembled participants from key government ministries, departments and agencies,
research institutions, development partners, academia and the private sector - was well received by stakeholders who deemed the project timely and unprecedented, recognizing the urgent need for crop monitoring that is lacking in capacity in Uganda and most importantly the avenues provided by remote sensing data in filling these data gaps and providing near-real time information on crop conditions.
Representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries expressed interest and urgent need to implement AgriSense-STARS methods, tools and to make available monitoring products as
they directly tie into the ministry’s mandate to monitor agriculture. The AgriSense-STARS team, which includes Dr. Jan Dempewolf, Dr. Inbal Becker Reshef and PhD candidate Catherine Nakalembe, is now
working to redesign the monitoring plan for the
2016 season expanding to the entire Karamoja and
Eastern Uganda
region as per the
recommendation
of the Office of the
Prime
Minister
which is rolling out
several
disaster
risk management
and early warning
projects
that
AgriSense-STARS
tools can contribute to.
PAGE 16
GEOG Represented at International Workshop
on Air Quality in Asia in Indonesia
The GOFC-GOLD Southeast Asia Regional Informational Network International Workshop took place August 4-7,
2015, in Bogor, Indonesia. The meeting focused on Impacts of Land Cover/Land Use Changes (LCLUC) on
Greenhouse Gases/SLCP and Aerosols in the Asian region, and was sponsored by START International, Inc.;
GOFC-GOLD program, USA; the National Institute of Environmental Studies, Japan; NASA, USA; the University
of Maryland College Park, USA; and Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
This highly successful meeting brought nearly 120 researchers from various countries including Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, India, China, Japan, Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines and Indonesia. The main objective of the meeting was to discuss LCLUC and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols in the
Asian region. The workshop was organized into six different sessions: 1) Regional and national science initiatives; 2) Land Cover/Land Use Change, Forests and GHG emissions; 3) Inventories, Monitoring and Modeling of
GHG’s and Air Pollution; 4) Vegetation Fires and Biomass Burning Emissions; 5) Aerosols and radiation, and 6)
Regional Science Summary and South East Asia Regional Information Network (SEARRIN) – Research Priorities.
Each session was chaired by international experts who are authorities in the discipline and commenced with invited keynote presentations by field experts. The fourth day of the workshop included a field trip to Gudung Gede
National Park to observe local LCLUC and biodiversity of the park.
The workshop recognized that our shared atmosphere and trans-boundary movement of pollutants require a regional approach to: 1) advancing the science to better understand the sources, processes and trends 2) developing and evaluating approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of GHGs and aerosol pollutants from different
sources, and 3) developing policy solutions. The workshop recommended increased communication between scientists within the region via collaborative projects and workshops to enable the sharing of local knowledge and
data; the development of common methods; the development of increased capacity of scientists across the region
to address common problems; the synthesis of scientific results and findings; the packaging of scientific information in ways that can inform
policy and the public at both the
regional and national level.
The workshop outputs included
journal special issue papers in
Environmental Research Letters to be edited by Drs. Krishna Vadrevu and Toshimasa
Ohara. All researchers working
in the area of land use/cover
changes,
greenhouse-gas
emissions, and aerosols in the
Asia-region will be invited to
contribute to the journal special
issue and book. For more information, contact Krishna Vadrevu at Krisvkp@umd.edu.
TRAINING
PAGE 17
UMD Trains Bangladeshi Forest Officers in Forest Mapping
Continuing a partnership through SilvaCarbon with the Bangladesh Forest Department, U.S. Forest Service, and USAID, Matt Hansen’s lab (http://glad.umd.edu/) hosted four forest officers from Bangladesh in
October. The long-term goal of the project is to build a national forest monitoring program operated by the
Bangladeshi forest officers. In February, Peter Potapov, LeeAnn King, and Amy Hudson travelled to the
Bangladesh capital, Dhaka, to lead an introductory training on national forest mapping and monitoring using the Landsat data archive and a decision tree classifier. Several participants from that training were selected to come to the University of Maryland (UMD) for a month to continue the training and to produce the
final maps.
During their time here, Tariq Aziz, Asma Islam and Bablu Zzaman created an improved national forest
types map, learned how to map forest loss and gain, and performed an initial validation of the nationalscale forest maps. UMD Department of Geographical Sciences faculty and graduate students also provided weekly seminars to explain the remote sensing concepts and an overview of the various projects being
done in the lab. For the final week Baktiar Nur Siddiqui, a senior forestry officer, joined us to go over the
methods and products to better understand their further implementation in Bangladesh.
For all four it was their first time in America, and they had the opportunity to enjoy many things here. They
ventured up to New York City for a weekend to see friends, family, and the city; explored the monuments
and museums in D.C.; and enjoyed a large bonfire in College Park. A number of us welcomed them into
our homes and they, continuing to show spectacular hospitality even here, welcomed us over for delicious
Bangladeshi food they prepared. This partnership will continue with another visit to Bangladesh in 2016 by
the UMD research team.
Hansen Guides Scholars Through SRI Program
Professor Matt Hansen participated for a second consecutive year in UMD’s College of Behavioral and Social Sciences (BSOS) Summer Research Initiative during the Summer of 2015, this time guiding two scholars through the program (pictured left to right:
Ricardo Aguilar, Matt Hansen, Chima Okpa).
The scholars this year conducted research using
data classification and visualization techniques
under the guidance of Dr. Peter Potapov and
research associates and assistants within the
Global Land Analysis and Discovery Lab
(GLAD). The SRI Program was created in 1999
by the BSOS Dean’s office to encourage and
enhance the diversity of scholars working in the
social and behavioral science fields.
EVENTS
PAGE 18
Goward Provides Congressional Testimony on Landsat;
House Committee in Science, Space & Technology
On November 17, 2015, Dr. Samuel Goward, Professor Emeritus, was invited to provide testimony to Congress on the potential of developing a public-private partnership for future Landsat missions. The purpose
of this hearing was to assess the viability of public-private partnerships to support the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration's (NASA's) Earth observation program. The primary congressional members included Brian Babin (R-Texas), Chairman, Subcommittee of Space; Jim Bridenstine (R-Oklahoma), Chairman, subcommittee on Environment; Ranking Member, Donna Edwards (D-Maryland), subcommittee on
Space, and Suzanne Bonamici (D-Oregon), subcommittee on Environment. Five witnesses were called to
testify including Dr. Scott Pace, George Washington University; Dr. Walter Scott, Digital Globe; Mr. Robbie
Schingler, Planetlabs; Dr. Anthony Busalacchi, ESSIC UMD, and Dr. Sam Goward, UMD (pictured below).
Dr. Goward started his testimony by noting that the Landsat mission is in many ways the Rodney Dangerfield of NASA earth science missions (it gets no respect.). He noted that for nearly a half century Landsat
missions have been dogged with the concept that Landsat has commercial potential. There have already
been two failed efforts to commercialize the mission; in 1984 when NOAA transferred the mission to
EOSAT and a second effort when the Landsat 8 (aka LDCM) mission was solicited. The first EOSAT effort
failed after a decade for multiple reasons. The second, Landsat 8 effort failed when NASA rejected the single offer from Resource21, which offered no cost saving benefit to the government. Any additional efforts
now to develop a public-partnership must start with an assessment of why the previous attempts at publicprivate partnerships failed.
In response to a question from subcommittee Chairman Bridenstine, Dr. Goward discussed his participation in preparing a NASA Earth Venture-2 (EV-2) proposal to develop a smallsat companion to the Landsat
mission with his colleague and former PhD student, Dr. Darrel Williams. Retired from NASA, where he
served as Landsat Project Scientist for Landsat 7, Darrel now works as Chief Scientist at Global Science &
Technology Inc. in Greenbelt,
Maryland. In collaboration with
Surrey Satellite US (SST-US),
they demonstrated that a companion mission could be built for
less than $130 million. SST-US
and GST later received funding
from the NASA GSFC Sustainable Architecture program to expand this design to a fully compatible smallsat mission with a
cost of less than $250 million.
Dr. Goward stated that even
this approach would likely not
have commercial potential until
we achieve daily repeat coverage with such observatories.
EVENTS
PAGE 19
GEOG Celebrates the Diwali, the Festival of Lights
On November 5th, GEOG celebrated its first "Diwali – Festival of Lights," organized by Indian geographers with
the help and support of several departmental colleagues. Diwali is a vibrant, Indian festival that symbolizes triumph, auspiciousness and prosperity. GEOG graduate students and faculty attended the event, which started
with a welcome speech from the Chair, Dr. Chris Justice, followed by a presentation on the cultural significance
of Diwali by Assistant Research Professor, Dr. Ritvik Sahajpal. Dr. Anu Swatantran, Assistant Research Professor, performed a traditional welcome Bharatnatyam dance.
Various cultural performances followed including bollywood and hollywood songs sung by Umar Saeed, a visiting PhD student from Pakistan; a fusion of traditional and modern Bharatnatyam dance moves by graduate student, Sanjna Srivastava; a musical performance by grad students Amar Kurane, Rohan Khadilkar, Umer Saeed
and Ibraheem Khan, and a guitar performance by graduate student, Suzanne Marselis.
Attendees also participated in traditional Diwali activities like painting of traditional clay lamps (diyas), coloring
decorative designs (mandala and rangoli) led by PhD student Katelyn Dolan, traditional palm painting (mehendi)
performed by Research Faculty Kusuma Prabhakara, and playing carrom (Indian board game) introduced by
Faculty Specialist, Ashwan Reddy. Traditional Indian food, including special Diwali sweets and Chai, was enjoyed by all.
EVENTS
PAGE 20
GEOG Researchers Initiate ‘Creative Lunch and Learn’
Photos (left to right): Amanda
Whitehurst, Laura Duncanson,
Anika Cartas, Wenli Huang,
Katelyn Dolan, Rachel Marks.
Below: Art samples by VCL/GEL
lab researchers.
Researchers in the Vegetation
Canopy and Global Ecosystems
Lab (VCL/GEL) experimented with
Creative Lunch & Learn sessions
on alternate Thursdays in 2015.
The idea was to take a mini lunch
break and socialize with colleagues while learning something
new and creating something valuable. Twice per month, the lab
was transformed into an open studio with paints, brushes, soccer
balls, and creative food for scientific minds. There were activities like 10-minute R lessons, themed lunches, collaborative painting, and timed writing with prompts. Researchers unleashed their creativity on paper,
right from scientific concepts to cultural experiences and abstract illusions. Themed lunches were equally
successful. An ice cream social included stories on ice cream from different parts of the world with favorites being the Americone Dream and Caramel Gelato. An approaching thesis defense was celebrated with
a ‘wrap-up’ potluck lunch where everyone brought tortilla wraps and fillings, then listened to presentation
ideas while chowing down and providing feedback.
These loosely organized sessions provided a relaxed atmosphere where conversation could be as
creative and diverse as the art and food, often
leading to impromptu brainstorming amongst colleagues. Outdoor writing sessions on bright summer afternoons helped researchers sharpen their
writing skills and share nostalgic memories. While
these activities were often unrelated to research,
they inspired lab mates and improved the quality of
their research. Creative Lunch & Learn could be
initiated in other labs at small scales or become a
department wide activity for everybody to enjoy.
ALUMNI
PAGE 21
Catching up with Ensign Dustin Picard
Only two and a half years out of graduation, Dustin Picard has already traveled a great deal since beginning his career with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Since 2013, he has
spent time in Asia, the South Pacific, along the west coast of South and Central America, and even above
the Arctic Circle. Not only has he traveled to all corners of the world, but Dustin has gotten to do what he
loves most at many of these exotic destinations -- scuba diving. Even better, he’s getting paid to do so!
During his senior year at UMD, Dustin attended a career fair and met a NOAA Officer. The two hit it off,
influencing Dustin to begin his application process. When Dustin had his interview to be a Commissioned
Corps Officer with NOAA, luckily enough, it was with the same Officer. With a previous connection to the
interviewer, a strong background in marine science, years of diving experience, and a fervent passion for
ocean conservation, Dustin secured the position.
As a NOAA Commissioned Corps Officer, Dustin has been assigned to NOAA’s flagship research vessel,
the Ronald H. Brown. For two years, he has traveled everywhere the ship has gone, providing support
and assistance to NOAA and academic scientists as they conduct their research. Among many memorable trips, Dustin’s favorite has been spending 22 days above the Arctic Circle this summer, at the same
time that President Obama was there. “We saw sea ice, and walruses and polar bears,” he recalls, “it was
like living the discovery channel. It was really cool to see it.”
Beyond the sensational views, one of the biggest perks of Dustin’s job is that he gets to meet and learn
from some of the most respected oceanographic researchers in the world. It's through these connections
that Dustin has figured out what comes next after his two year stint on the Ronald H. Brown comes to a
close. In January, he’ll begin working at the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the Gulf
of Mexico, the most northern coral reef system in the world. Dustin will serve as the Vessel and Dive Operations Coordinator, ensuring that the research
boats are ready to sail, and acting as the lead diver
for research teams. “It will be enjoyable to just get my
hands back into what I really want to do - coral reef
research,” Dustin says.
At Maryland, ENSP marine and coastal was an obvious choice for Dustin, and he looks back on the program, and especially its staff, very fondly. “Dr. Whittemore was great. She actually took an interest in all
of her students and got to know them personally . . .
Dr. James’ passion and excitement set the culture in
his classes . . . Professor Goger encouraged me to
continue following my passion for ocean conservation,” he recalls. While at school, Dustin was not only
an ENSP major, but also a TA, an orientation advisor, a member of Greek life, and a College Park
Scholar. (continued on page 22)
ALUMNI
PAGE 22
Catching up with Ensign Dustin Picard continued...
As for memorable classes, he credits a
geography study abroad class that he
took sophomore year as “the biggest
influence” on him during college. It was
a 10 day course studying the cultural
and physical geography of the southern
Caribbean islands. After taking it himself, Dustin served as the course’s TA
for two years, which helped him develop strong leadership skills and learn
how to motivate others. As someone
who was highly engaged during his college years, Dustin’s advice to current
ENSP students is to “Never stop learning, never stop networking, never stop
exploring, and get involved as much as you can. Follow your passions and the rest will fall into place.”
While Dustin is very excited to begin his new job in January, he’s keeping his long term career goals in
mind. He plans to pursue a Master’s, and ultimately a PhD, in marine conservation with the intent of eventually becoming a UMD Professor. Asked what draws him to teaching, Dustin replies, “I want to help inspire
future generations of marine conservationists.”
Endowed Memorial Fund Established to Honor Passing
Of Former GEOG Researcher, Brian Melchior
Brian Ross Melchior passed away on October 24, 2015, after a year-long battle
with gastric cancer. Brian received both his B.S. in Environmental Science and
Policy and his M.A. in Geography from UMD College Park. Brian had a successful research career which included periods at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Earth
Science Application Center (RESAC), the U.S. National Ice Center/U.S. Navy,
and the Joint Global Change Research Institute. For the past five years, he
served as Maritime Geographer at the U.S. Department of State in Washington,
D.C. His many accomplishments included successful negotiations of maritime
boundary agreements and the production of several reports and papers on maritime limits and boundaries. Brian was a passionate environmentalist and enjoyed
outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling and camping. He is survived by his wife,
Minnie Wong. GEOG joins Brian’s family and friends in honoring him through
memorial contributions to the Brian R. Melchior Memorial Endowed Research
Fund for Geographical Sciences. To make an online donation, please visit: go.umd.edu/Melchior
GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 2181 LEFRAK HALL COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742 NON-PROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
COLLEGE PARK, MD.
PERMIT NO. 10
GEOGRAFFITI is published two
times annually during the academic year by the Department of
Geographical Sciences at the University of Maryland for faculty,
staff, students, alumni and others
interested in the work of the Department. Letters are welcome.
Edited by Katie Doyle. The next
scheduled issue is for Spring 2016.
Please send news items for future
issues to Katie Doyle, University of
Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, 2181 LeFrak
Hall, College Park, MD 20742.
Phone: 301-405-7473; or khollan3@umd.edu

Geograffiti Newsletter - Department of Geographical Sciences

Transcription

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