SUDS in Holland

SUDS in Holland
stormwater quality management in densed urban areas
Dundee, 11th may 2011
ir. F.C. (Floris) Boogaard,
(020) 606 32 50/06-51 55 68 26
e-mail: f.c.boogaard@tudelft.nl/
Content
• Introduction
Dutch stormwater management
• Stormwater quality management
Research on stormwater
Innovations in dense urban areas
Test method: interactive research
• Conclusions and info
Dutch sewer management
70% combined sewer systems
Disconnecting:
• Less sewer overflows
• Optimizing sewage plants
• Retaining and holding rainwater
• Improving surface water
Dutch stormwater management
The quality aspect of SUDS
‘Storm water is considered to be
clean so no treatment is needed
for purification’
Dutch stormwater management
stormwater is clean?
Dutch stormwater management
Guidelines for storm water purification
Nieuwe lozing
bestaand of nieuw
gebied
category?: Industrial/commercial/residential areas
Licht
verontreinigde
oppervlakken
Daken/ gevels
-
Nieuwe lozing in
bestaand of
nieuwe gebied
vrijliggende voet-/fietspaden;
kantorenoppervlakken;
schoolpleinen;
parkeergelegenheden voor
personenauto's (lage wisselfrequentie).
Matig
verontreinigde
oppervlakken
- kantoorterreinen;
- wijkontsluitingswegen;
- woonerven;
- winkelstraten;
- doorgaande wegen;
- busbanen;
- parkeerterrein (hoge
wisselfrequentie);
- parkeerterrein
vrachtwagens.
Verontreinigde
oppervlakken
-
bedrijfsterreinen;
marktpleinen;
laad-/ losplaatsen;
overslagterreinen;
busstation;
trambanen;
tunnels.
How to deal with stormwater?
nieuw
gebied
bestaand
gebied
- zinken dakgoten
- lood & koper in
excessieve toepassing
nee
W VO-vergunning met
algemene en specifieke
('coaten') voorschriften
zuiveringstechnieken gewenst : bv.
- slibafvang,
- bodempassage.
ja
vervangen/
behandelen/ coaten/
voorzieningen
ja
nee
niet afkoppelen
vereiste zuiveringstech.
- zand- en slibafvang;
- bodempassage.
vereiste zuiveringstech.
- slibafvang;
- olieafscheider;*
- bodempasage.
- niet afkoppelen
- verbeterd gescheiden stelsel (VGS)
of gelijkwaardige voorziening
toepassing van
uitlogende materialen
ja
nee
W VO-vergunning met
algemene voorschriften
W VO-vergunning met
algemene voorschriften
W VO-vergunning met
algemene en specifieke
voorschriften
W VO-vergunning met
algemene en specifieke
voorschriften
Dutch stormwater management
what are the characteristics of stormwater?
Database storm water 2011
content: ca 7500 measurements
Over 200 locations in the Netherlands with
different type of catch area.
More then 100 location abroad (European)
Dutch stormwater management
Research: contaminants in stormwater?
‘Contaminents’: heavy metals, PAH’s Nutriënts
compared to ‘MTR-standard’.
(Maximaal Toelaatbaar Risico). MTR:
green:
<= MTR;
orange: <2* MTR;
red:
more than twice MTR.
Water quality improvement by SUDS
WB 21 categorie
afkoppelmethode
Specificatie techniek of product
Benutting
Kleinschalige benutting
benuttingsinstallatie
- regenton, bergingszak
- regenwaterbenuttingsinstallaties
Vasthouden
Vegetatiedak
daktuinen
- mos-, sedum-, grasdak
- uitgebreide berging op daken
Vasthouden/
Bergen
Infiltratie
Wadi’s, bermfiltratie
bovengronds
-
“
- halfverharding, doorlatende verharding
(waterpasserende stenen, nokkeninfiltratie)
doorgroeibare verharding (grastegels)
- IT: beton en kunststof
- grindkoffers
- kratten, honingraad, krukjes, bollen
Doorlatende verharding
maaiveldprofilering
Infiltratie
Infiltratieriolen,
Infiltratiesleuf
ondergronds
(percolatie) Infiltratieunits,
infiltratieput/zakputten
Diepinfiltratie
Afvoer Afvoer direct Directe afvoer naar
- gesloten, open leidingen (goten)
en
oppervlaktewater
- (verbeterd-) gescheiden stelsel
Zuiveren
Filtratie
Kleinschalige decentrale
filters
- Bladvang, buisfilter (cycloon,..)
- Filterkolken, zandvangputten,
Filtratie,
adsorptie
Adsorptie
Bodempassage
- zoals wadi, vaak met extra bindingsstoffen
Adsorbens
textielen
- zeoliet, actief kool, lava, kokoskorrels humus
- 3DWater Sorb-X
Bezinking
Centrale filters
Lamellenafscheiders
(ondergronds)
Bezinkbakken,
bezinkvijvers
(bovengronds)
-
“
slibvangputten, olieafscheiders
facet/hydrasep, 3D
- betonnen bakken, damwanden, natuurvriendelijke
oever
SUDS
Good examples are not hard to find…
SUDS
Learning from disfunctional SUDS
How does this infiltration facility look like after x years?
?
SUDS
Learning from disfunctional SUDS
SUDS
What can be improved?
SUDS evaluation: How to improve?
communication
Designer/planner
maintenance
18 mei 20111 November 2007
14
Communication: transnational knowledge
exchange by www.SKINTwater.eu
innovations in Holland: Quality
improvement in densed urban areas
“its cheap, compact and
you can drink the water
that comes out of it”
water
sand
Many new systems rapidly implemented:
historical example lamellar separator
Lamellenfilters:ontwerp
18 mei 20111 November 2007
“its cheap, compact 99% RO on SS
and no maintenance is needed”
17
Many new systems rapidly implemented:
example lamellar separator
development
2000
2005
2009
time
But do they work?
18 mei 20111 November 2007
19
What went wrong? Limited communication…
approach: interactive research (skint)
… many more innovations
Do they work? Interactive research
some examples:
•
•
•
•
lamellar separator
filtration/adsorption filter
sedimentation cyclone filter
Sedimentation drainage pipe
Take (transparent) models to
the laboratory
movie
Do they work?
Basic measurement program
Basic testing:
• Hydraulics
Flow (visualization)
Maximum (800 l/s)
• Removal efficiency
Particles
Oil
• Extreme tests
Rubbish
Communication sessions
Testing method:
Removal efficiency fine particles
solved
bound to sediment
Average international literature
Highest study average
Lowest study average
Distribution pollutant stormwater runoff
100%
90%
70%
60%
50%
40%
4750-9500
90%
2000-4750
80%
850-2000
70%
425-850
60%
> 63
250-425
50%m
150-250
40%
75-150
30%
63-75
30%
< 63
20%m
20%
10%
18 mei 20111 November 2007
Phosphate
Nitrogen
Chloride
PAH(10)-total
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Naphthalene
Cadmium
Pollutant
Lead
Zinc
Copper
0%
Nickel
percentage [%]
80%
100%
45-63
38-45
10%
25-38
0%
Koper
Lood
Zink
Cadmium
mm
24
Determination removal efficiency
in detail: particle counting
Flow Rate= 0,05 l/s
T12 (min)
1,40E-05
1,20E-05
Inf T12
Eff T12
Volume (m3)
1,00E-05
8,00E-06
Removal efficiency
6,00E-06
4,00E-06
2,00E-06
0,00E+00
0
10
20
30
40
50
um
Particle size (mm)
60
70
80
90
100
Boring graphics… Show don’t tell:
Visualization of flow
Movie sanddunes
Movie lamellar show
Communication sessions
about: Show, don’t tell/ learning by doing…
Discuss:
1. Cost (construction and maintenance);
2. Pressure on public space (full scale)
3. Removal efficiency;
4. Maintenance (in situ sessions);
5. Knowledge in organization
putten voor zuivering regenwater: kosten
Cost price
SUDS in Europe (euro/m2)
5000
gem kn/m2
4000
3000
2000
1000
kostprijs systeem [euro]
•How to install and
maintain it
6000
kostprijs systeem
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•Understand the system
kostprijs per m2
aangesloten oppervlak
Show, don’t tell:
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
Several SUDS used in Europe
type/product
To sum it up
• SUDS info available
Bad examples
www.skintwater.eu
• New innovations introduced
research before implementation!
• (interactive) Research
Interview stakeholders
Measurement plan including communication
cost-effective lab research
Inspections on site/maintenance sessions
Show, don’t tell/ learning by doing…
Movies and detailed technical info available
Thank you
More info?
Floris Boogaard (TU Delft/Tauw)
ir. F.C. (Floris) Boogaard,
(020) 606 32 50/06-51 55 68 26
e-mail: f.c.boogaard@tudelft.nl/