Thai Music PowerPoint

Thai Music
Chen Jing 49044370303
Yang Shu 49044370326
Liang Ruixin 49044370340
Music of Thailand
1.
The music of Thailand reflects its geographic
position at the intersection of China, India,
Indonesia and Cambodia, and reflects trade
routes that have historically included Persia, Africa,
Greece and Rome.
2.
Thai musical instruments are varied and reflect
ancient influence from far afield – including:
The klong thap and khim (Persian origin)
The jakhe (Indian origin)
The klong jin (Chinese origin)
The klong kaek (Indonesian origin)





Though Thailand was never colonized by Western
powers, pop music and other forms of European
and American music have become extremely
influential.

The two most popular styles of traditional Thai
music are
Luk thung
Mor lam
The latter in particular has close affinities with the
Music of Laos.
1.
2.


Aside from the Thai, ethnic minorities such as the
Lao, Lawa, Hmong, Akha, Khmer, Lisu, Karen and
Lahu peoples have retained traditional musical
forms.
System

1. Classical music




2. Traditional or folk




2.1 Luk thung
2.2 Mor lam
2.3 Kantrum
3. Pop and rock



1.1 Piphat
1.2 Khruang Sai
1.3 Mahori
3.1 Phleng pheua
chiwit
3.2 String
4. Indie
Classical music

Thai classical music
is synonymous with
those stylized court
ensembles and
repertoires that
emerged in its
present form within
the royal centers of
Central Thailand
some 800 years ago.

1.
2.
3.

The three primary classical ensembles:
the Piphat
Khruang Sai
Mahori
They differ in significant ways, and all share a
basic instrumentation and theoretical approach.
Each employ the small ching hand cymbals and
the krap wooden sticks to mark the primary beat
reference. Several kinds of small drums (klong)
are employed in these ensembles to outline the
basic rhythmic structure (natab) that is
punctuated at the end by the striking of a
suspended gong (mong).

Since the beginning of the modern Bangkok
period, composers' names have been known
and, since around the turn of the century, many
major composers have recorded their works in
notation.

Musicians
The composer Luang Pradit Phairau (1881–
1954) used localized forms of cipher (number)
notation
Other composers such as Montri Tramote
(1908–1995) used standard western staff
notation.
King Prajatipok (Rama VII, 1883–1941) and
King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1927–), whose
compositions have been more often for jazz
bands than classical Thai ensembles.
1.
2.
3.
1. Piphat

Piphat can be performed in either a loud outdoor
style using hard mallets or in an indoor style
using padded hammers.

There are several types of piphat ensembles
ranging in size and orchestration, each kind
typically being associated with specific
ceremonial purposes.

Different versions of the piphat ensemble are
employed to accompany specific forms of
traditional Thai drama such as the large shadow
puppet theater (nang yai) and the khon dance
drama.
Piphat
2. Khruang Sai

The Khruang Sai orchestra combines some
of the percussion and wind instruments of the
piphat with an expanded string section
including the so duang (a high-pitched twostring bowed lute), the lower pitched solaw
(bowed lute) and the three-string jhakhe (a
plucked zither).
Khruang Sai
3. Mahori

Mahori, traditionally played by women in the courts
of both Central Thailand and Cambodia.

Today the ensemble employs regular sized
instruments—a combination of instruments from
both the Khruang Sai and Piphat ensembles but
excluding the loud and rather shrill oboe. The
ensemble, which is performed in three sizes—small,
medium and large—includes the three-string so
sam sai fiddle, a delicate-sounding, middle-range
bowed lute with silk strings.
Mahori
Traditional or folk

Luk thung
Luk thung, or Thai country music, developed in the
mid-20th century to reflect daily trials and
tribulations of rural Thais. Ponsri Woranut and
Suraphol Sombatcharoen were the genre's first big
stars, incorporating influences from, Asia. Many of
the most popular artists have come from the central
city of Suphanburi, including megastar Pumpuang
Duangjan, who pioneered electronic luk thung.

Mor lam
Mor lam is the dominant folk music of Thailand's
north-eastern Isan region, which has a mainly
Lao population. It has much in common with luk
thung, such as its focus on the life of the rural
poor. It is characterized by rapid-fire, rhythmic
vocals and a funk feel to the percussion. The
lead singer, also called a mor lam, is most often
accompanied by the khaen.
There are about fifteen regional variations of
mor lam, plus modern versions such as mor lam
sing. Some conservatives have criticized these
as the commercialization of traditional cultures.

Kantrum
The people of Isan are also known for kantrum,
which is much less famous than mor lam. Kantrum
is played by Khmer living near the border with
Cambodia. It is a swift and very traditional dance
music. In its purest form, cho-kantrum, singers,
percussion and tro (a type of fiddle) dominate the
sound. A more modern form using electric
instrumentation arose in the mid-1980s. Later in the
decade, Darkie became the genre's biggest star,
and he crossed into mainstream markets in the later
1990s.
Pop and rock

By the 1930s, however, Western classical music,
showtunes, jazz and tango were popular. Soon, jazz
grew to dominate Thai popular music, and Khru Eua
Sunthornsanan soon set up the first Thai jazz band.
The music he soon helped to invent along with
influential band Suntharaporn was called pleng Thai
sakorn, which incorporated Thai melodies with
Western classical music. This music continued to
evolve into luk grung, a romantic music that was
popular with the upper-class. King Bhumibol is an
accomplished jazz musician and composer.
Rock
1. Phleng pheua chiwit

By the 1960s, Western rock was popular and Thai artists began
imitating bands like Cliff Richard & the Shadows; this music was
called wong shadow, and it soon evolved into a form of Thai pop
called string. Among the groups that emerged from this period was
The Impossibles. The '70s also saw Rewat Buddhinan beginning to
use the Thai language in rock music as well as the rise of protest
songs called phleng pheua chiwit (songs for life).

The earliest phleng pheua chiwit band was called Caravan, and they
were at the forefront of a movement for democracy. In 1976, police
and right wing activists attacked students at Thammasat University;
Caravan, along with other bands and activists, fled for the rural hills.
There, Caravan continued playing music for local farmers, and wrote
songs that would appear on their later albums.

In the 1980s, phleng pheua chiwit re-entered the mainstream with a
grant of amnesty to dissidents. Bands like Carabao became bestsellers and incorporated sternly nationalistic elements in their lyrics.
By the 1990s, phleng pheua chiwit had largely fallen from the top of
the Thai charts, though artists like Pongsit Kamphee continued to
command a large audience.
2. String

String pop took over mainstream listeners in
Thailand in the 90s, and bubblegum pop
stars like Tata Young, Bird Thongchai
McIntyre and Asanee-Wasan became bestsellers. Simultaneously, Britpop influenced
alternative rock artists like Modern Dog, Loso,
Crub and Proud became popular in late
1990s. In 2006, famous Thai rock bands
include Clash, Big Ass, Bodyslam and Silly
Fools.
Indie

A group of independent artists and records
which produces music for non-commercial
purpose also found in Thailand: Bakery
Music(now under Sony Music); Smallroom;
FAT radio; City-Blue; Coolvoice; Dudesweet;
Idea-radio and Panda Records.
Traditional Thai musical
instruments





In the traditional Thai system of organology,
they are classified into four categories, by the
action used in playing:
Blowing (Thai: เปา ), (wind instruments)
Plucking (Thai: ดด), (plucked string
instruments)
Bowing (Thai: สี), (bowed string instruments)
Striking (Thai: ตี), (percussion instruments
and hammered dulcimer)
System

1. Wind





3. Percussion

1.1 Flutes
1.2 Free-reed
1.3 Oboes
1.4 Horns








2. String



2.1 Bowed
2.2 Plucked
2.3 Struck




3.1 Drums
3.2 Gong chimes
3.3 Keyboard
3.4 Gongs
3.5 Clappers
3.6 Cymbals
3.7 Shaken bamboo
3.8 Bronze drums
4. Central
5. Northeast
6. North
7. South
Wind
Flutes
Khlui (ขลย) - vertical duct flute made of
bamboo, hardwood, or plastic





Khlui lib (ขลุยหลิบ or ขลุยหลีบ; treble); not commonly
used
Khlui phiang aw (ขลุยเพียงออ; medium)
Khlui u (ขลุยอู; bass); not commonly used
Wot (โหวด) - circular panpipe used in the Isan
region of northeast Thailand
Flutes
Khlui u
Khlui phiang aw
Khlui
Khlui lib
Wot
Free-reed




Khaen (แคน) - mouth organ used in the Isan
(northeastern) region
Pi joom (ปจุม; called pi saw in northern Thailand) free reed pipe used in the Lanna (northern) region
Gourd mouth organ - used by the Akha (called lachi),
Lisu (called fulu), and Lahu (called naw) peoples of
the upland regions of northern Thailand
Jew's harp (called jong nong (จองหนอง) in central
Thailand and huen (หืน) in northeast Thailand) played primarily among ethnic minorities of northern
Thailand, as well as by the people of the Isan region
of northeast Thailand
Khaen
Oboes

Pi (ป) - quadruple- or double-reed oboe






Pi chanai (ปไฉน) - possibly derived from the Indian shehnai
Pi chawa (ปชวา) - used to accompany Muay Thai
Pi klang (ปกลาง)
Pi mon (ปมอญ) - large double-reed oboe with detachable
metal bell; used for funeral music
Pi nai (ปใน) - standard leading instrument used in the piphat
ensemble
Pi nok (ปนอก)
Pi chawa
Pi chanai
Pi nok
Pi klang
Pi mon
Pi nai
Horns


Trae (แตร) - metal horn
Sang (สังข) - conch shell horn; also called trae
sang (แตรสังข)
String
Bowed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Saw duang (ซอดวง) - higher two-string fiddle with hardwood body;
used in classical music
Saw sam sai (ซอสามสาย) - three-string spike fiddle with coconut
shell body; used in classical music
Saw u (ซออู) - lower two-string fiddle with a coconut shell body;
used in classical music
Saw peep (ซอปบ or ซอปบ) or saw krapawng (ซอกระปอง)- two-string
fiddles with body made from a metal can; used in the Isan
region of northeast Thailand; saw krapawng is smaller
Saw bong (ซอบั้ง) - used in the Isan region of northeast Thailand
Salaw (สะลอ) - three-string spike fiddle used in the Lanna region
Bowed
2
1
3
6
Plucked






Grajabpi (กระจับป) - ancient fretted lute
Jakhe (จะเข) - crocodile-shaped fretted floor zither
with three strings
Phin (พิณ) - three-stringed lute used in the Isan region
of northeastern Thailand
Phin pia (พิณเพียะ) - chest-resonated stick zither played
by the Lanna of northern Thailand
Seung (ซึง) - plucked lute from the Lanna region of
northern Thailand
Phin hai (พิณไห) or hai song (ไหซอง) - a set of
earthenware jars with rubber bands stretched over
the open mouths
Jakhe
Phin pia
Grajabpi
Seung
Phin hai
Struck

Khim (ขิม) - hammered dulcimer
Percussion
Drums










Taphon (ตะโพน) or klawng taphon (กลองตะโพน) - sacred barrel drum; played
with the hands and used in the piphat ensemble
Glong thad (กลองทัด) - large drum played with sticks; usually played in a
pair and used in the piphat ensemble
Rammana (รํามะนา) - frame drum; played with the hand
Thon (โทน) - goblet drum; played with the hand
Glong thap - goblet drum used primarily in southern Thai folk music
Glong khaek (กลองแขก) - barrel drum; played with the hands and generally
played in pairs
Glong songna - barrel drum; played with the hands
Glong yao (กลองยาว) - long drum; played with the hands
Perng mang kok - set of tuned drums used in the piphat Mon
Glong seng, Glong jing, or Glong tae - large drum played with sticks;
generally played in pairs and used in competition in the Isan region of
northeast Thailand, particularly by the Phu Thai people
Taphon
Glong thad
Thon
Glong khaek
Rammana
Glong yao
Gong chimes




Khong wong lek (ฆองวงเล็ก) - higher gong circle; comprises
many small tuned bossed gongs mounted in a rattan
frame
Khong wong yai (ฆองวงใหญ)- lower gong circle; comprises
many small tuned bossed gongs mounted in a rattan
frame
Khong mon (ฆองมอญ) - set of many small tuned bossed
gongs arranged in vertical curved frame; usually
primarily in funeral music
Khong rang (ฆองราง) - set of eight tuned gongs suspended
horizontally in a straight frame; similar to the southern
Philippine kulintang; rare
Khong wong lek
Khong wong yai
Khong mon
Khong rang
Keyboard

Ranad (ระนาด) - trough-resonated keyboard
percussion instrument; generally played with two
mallets and used in Thai classical and theater music






Ranad ek (ระนาดเอก) - higher xylophone, with bars usually
made of hardwood
Ranad thum (ระนาดทุม) - lower xylophone, with bamboo or
hardwood bars
Ranad ek lek (ระนาดเอกเหล็ก) - higher metallophone
Ranad thum lek (ระนาดทุมเหล็ก) - lower metallophone
Ranad kaeo (ระนาดแกว) - crystallophone; very rare
Bong lang (โปงลาง) - pentatonic log xylophone used in
the Isan region
ranart-ek
Ranad
Gongs






Khong chai (ฆองชัย), also called khong hui (ฆองหุย) or khong mui (ฆอง
มุย) - huge hanging bossed gong used for indicating time
Khong mong (ฆองโหมง) or mong (โหมง) - medium-sized hanging
bossed gong used in Thai ensembles
Khong meng (ฆองเหมง) or khong kratae (ฆองกระแต) - small bossed
gong used as a signaling device and in traditional parades with
klawng yao
Khong rao (ฆองราว) - three bossed gongs (small, medium, and
large) suspended vertically in a wooden frame; rare
Khong khu (ฆองคู) - pair of small bossed gongs suspended
horizontally in a wooden box; used in theater music and music of
southern Thailand
Wong khong chai (วงฆองชัย) - set of seven large bossed gongs
suspended vertically in a circular frame; rare
Gongs
Khong rao
Khong khu
Khong meng
Wong khong chai
Clappers

Krab (กรับ) - clapper


Krab phuong (กรับพวง) - bundle of hardwood and
brass slats, tied together at one end
Krab sepha (กรับเสภา) - pair of bamboo or hardwood
sticks
Cymbals


Ching (ฉิ่ง) - pair of small, thick cymbals joined
by a cord; used to mark time
Chab (ฉาบ) - pair of flat cymbals joined by a
cord


Chab lek (ฉาบเล็ก) - smaller
Chab yai (ฉาบใหญ) - larger
Ching
Chab
Shaken bamboo

Angkalung (อังกะลุง) - set of tuned bamboo
tubes mounted in a frame and shaken;
generally played by a group. comes from
Indonesia.
Bronze drums

Mahorathük (มโหระทึก) - bronze drum; dates
back to the Dong Son culture of antiquity and
today very rare
Central
Saw sam sai




The saw sam sai (Thai: ซอสามสาย; also spelled saw
samsai, and occasionally called simply sam sai;
literally "three stringed fiddle") is a traditional bowed
string instrument of Thailand. Its body is made from
a special type of coconut covered on one end with
animal skin, and it has three silk strings. Typically,
the player glues a jewel onto the skin before playing,
to reduce the skin's resonance.photo
The saw sam sai is in the saw family of Thai fiddles,
which also includes the saw u and saw duang.
It is the hardest to play among the 4 types of Thai
Saw: Saw U, Saw Duang, and Sa Lor. This is
because the bow is not attached, and one must
"break" their wrist back and forth to change stringsnot tilting the bow. Because of this, it is frequently
used as a prop in pictures to show knowledge or a
high social status.
It is related to a very similar Cambodian instrument
called tro Khmer.
Central

Saw duang

The saw duang (Thai: ซอ
ดวง) is a bowed string
instrument used in Thai
music. It has a
hardwood soundbox
covered on the playing
end with python skin. It
is held vertically and
has two silk strings that
are played with a bow.
Saw u


The saw u (Thai: ซออู; also
spelled saw ou) is a Thai
bowed string instrument.It has
a lower pitch than the saw
duang. Its soundbox is made
from a coconut shell that is
covered on the front end by
cowskin. It is held vertically
and has two silk strings that
are played with a bow whose
hair passes between the
strings.
The saw u is similar to the
Cambodian tro u and the
Chinese yehu, although the
latter instrument has a wooden
rather than skin face.
Jakhe



The jakhe (Thai: จะเข, deriving from the word jorakhe, จระเข,
meaning "crocodile") is a plucked zither used in Thai music. It is
made of wood in a stylized crocodile shape and is approximately
20 cm high and 140 cm long. Its highest two strings are made of
silk yarn or nylon and lowest is made of brass. It has raised frets
made of bamboo, which are affixed to the fretboard with wax or
glue.
The player uses his or her left hand on the fretboard while
plucking the string by his right hand with a tapered plectrum
made from ivory or water buffalo horn, which is tied to the
player's index finger. The instrument has a buzzing sound due to
the fact that the strings are raised just off the flat bridge by a
sliver of bamboo or other thin material such as plastic.
The jakhe is similar to the Cambodian krapeu (takhe), the
Burmese mi gyaung. and the Mon kyam.
Khlui



The khlui (ขลุย) is a vertical duct
flute from Thailand. It is generally
made of bamboo, though
instruments are also made from
hardwood or plastic. The khlui is
very similar to the Cambodian
khloy, though there are
differences in tuning between the
two instruments.
It comes in three sizes: khlui lib
(ขลุยหลิบ; small), khlui phiang aw
(ขลุยเพียงออ; medium), and khlui u (ขลุย
อู; large).
The khlui once had a buzzing
membrane similar to the Chinese
di mo, but this is not used today.
Ranat ek





The ranad ek (Thai: ระนาดเอก)alto xylophone is a Thai xylophone. It has 21 or
22 wooden bars suspended by cords over a boat-shaped trough resonator,
and is played with two mallets. It is used as a leading instrument in the
piphat ensemble.
The Ranat ek is played by two types of mallets. The hard mallets create the
sharp bright sound when they keys are hit.The hard mallets are used for
more faster playing. The soft mallets create a mellow and more softer tone
which is used for slower songs.
Ranat ek bars are typically made from rosewood (Dalbergia oliveri; Thai: ไม
ชิงชัน; mai ching chan), although in rare instances instruments with bamboo
bars can be found.
Some ranat ek players are able to play two instruments at the same time,
placed at right angles to each other.
The ranat ek is very similar to a Cambodian xylophone called roneat ek.
Ranat thum



The ranad thum (Thai: ระนาดทุม) is a low pitched xylophone used
in the music of Thailand. It has 18 wooden keys, which are
stretched over a boat-shaped trough resonator. Its shape looks
like a ranad ek, but it is lower and wider. It is usually played in
accompaniment of a ranad ek.
Ranat thum bars are typically made from bamboo, although
instruments with rosewood (Dalbergia oliveri; Thai: ไมชิงชัน; mai
ching chan) bars can also be found.
It is similar to a Cambodian xylophone called roneat thung.
Khong wong yai

The khong wong yai (Thai:
ฆองวงใหญ) is a gong circle
used in the music of
Thailand. It has 16 tuned
bossed gongs in a rattan
frame and is played with
two beaters. It is used in
the piphat ensemble to
provide the skeletal
melody the other
instruments of the
ensemble elaborate.
Khong wong lek

The khong wong lek (Thai:
ฆองวงเล็ก) is a gong circle
used in Thai classical
music. It has 18 tuned
bossed gongs, and is
smaller and higher in pitch
than the khong wong yai.
Both instruments are
played in the same manner,
the khong wong lek plays a
faster and more ornate
variation on the principal
melody, with less use of
two-note chords.
Thon rammana


The thon rammana (Thai: โทน
รํามะนา) are hand drums played as
a pair in Central Thai classical
music and Cambodian classical
music. It consists of two drums:
the thon (a goblet drum with a
ceramic or wooden body) and
the rammana, a small frame
drum. They are used usually in
the khruang sai ensemble. The
thon gives a low pitch and the
rammana gives a high pitch.
Earlier in the 20th century, the
thon and rammana were
sometimes played separately.
Glong khaek



Glong khaek (Thai: กลองแขก) is a type of
double-headed barrel drum used in Thai
music.
The instrument's name comes from
glong (meaning "drum") and khaek
(meaning "Indian" or "Malay"). There are
two types of glong khaek: glong khaek
tua phu (which is considered to be male)
(Thai: กลองแขกตัวผู) and glong khaek tua
mia (female) (Thai: กลองแขกตัวเมีย). They are
always played in a pair, usually by two
players, although if two players are not
available a single player may play both
drums. The two drums fit their beats
together in hocket, or interlocking form.
Both drumheads are played with the
hands, like the glong songna. The glong
khaek tua phu has a higher pitch and
the glong khaek tua mia has a lower
pitch.
Glong songna

Glong songna (Thai: กลองสองหนา) is a
Thai barrel drum. Songna means
"two faces," and the drum has two
heads that are played with the hands.
It is used primarily in the piphat
ensemble.
Northeast











Huen - This drum is shaped like a drum that is used in the
puangmangkog set. It is always played with a piphat ensemble.
Khaen - mouth organ
Wot - a circular panpipe made of 6-9 various lengths of small
bamboo pipes (mai-ruak or mai-hia, mai-ku-khan)
Phin - a fretted, plucked lute
Pong lang - log xylophone played by two players with hard stick. Its
shape is like a xylophone consisting of 15 wooden bars stringed
together
Jakhe (Kabue) - one of the important instruments in the mahori
khamen ensemble. It has three strings
Grajabpi - The krachappi is a plucked stringed instrument. Its turtle
shape sound box is made of jackfruit wood
Saw kantrum - a bowed string instrument with a wooden soundbox,
the head of which is covered with snakeskin.
Glong kantrum - a single-headed drum
Pi salai - a double-reed oboe accompanied with kantrum ensemble
Krab khoo - Krab khoo: A pair of hard wooden bars two pairs made
a set, played with both hands as percussion in "Kantrum ensemble".
North










Salaw - a bowed fiddle with three strings and a free bow. The resonator
is made of coconut shell cut off on one side.
Sueng - is a plucked string instrument, made of teak or hardwood. A
round sound hole is cut on the top soundboard.
Khlui - The same as the Central Thai khlui.
Pi joom (called pi saw in northern Thailand) - a free reed pipe made of
bamboo, with a single metal reed
Pi nae - a double reed oboe that resembles the saranai or chani but
larger in size; it is made of wood and usually accompanies the large
gong.
Phin pia - or sometimes simply called "pia" or "phia". The body is made
from a coconut shell.
Glong teng thing - Klong Teng-thing is a two faced tabular drum and
used as one of percussive instrument.
Ta lod pod - or Ma-lod-pod is a two-faced tubular drum of 100
centimeters long.
Glong ting nong - The biggest and longest drum with onc face made of
hide about 3-4 metres long.
Glong sa bad chai - The most famous drum in northern, hanging on the
double wooden bars carried by men
South






Thap - The goblet-shaped drum used for providing the changes
of rhythm and also for supporting rhythm of the Nora (Southern
dance drama).
Glong nora - Klong nora or Klong nang: a barrel-shaped drum
used to accompany the Nora dance or the Nang talung (Shadow
puppet) performance
Mong ching - Mong and Ching: two important percussion
instruments used fo accompanying the Nora dance (dance
drama) and the Nang talung (shadow puppet) performance.
Khong khu - pair of small bossed gongs suspended horizontally
in a wooden box; used in theater music and music of southern
Thailand
Pi - a quadruple-reed oboe type with six finger holes producing at
least three octaves of pitches range.
Trae rapoung - Trae phuang or Krab phung: a percussion used
to provide rhythmic punctuation of the Nora ensemble
Thanks for Your Attention