information resources on maritime security and the isps code

Transcription

Maritime Knowledge Centre
INFORMATION RESOURCES
ON
MARITIME SECURITY
AND ISPS CODE
(Last update: 9 August 2013)
Important notice
This information resources document is offered by the Maritime Knowledge Centre specifically to assist those who are conducting
research in the area of the “International Maritime Security and ISPS Code ”. All users of this document should be aware that the
information presented in this document has been compiled from a limited variety of sources, which cannot be guaranteed to reflect
the most-up-to-date examination or complete survey of the subject concerned or of the associated issues and possible points of
view. You may wish to refer to the Internet major search engines for further research.
Furthermore, some of this information is subject to copyright protection and restriction as to distribution or re-circulation.
Additionally, while every reasonable effort has been made to focus only on (publicly available) information which is valid and helpful,
neither the IMO nor its Maritime Knowledge Centre can accept responsibility for information which is out-of-date, incomplete, biased
or otherwise inaccurate, misleading or offensive; and the mention of a reference, item of information, publication, product or service
in this document should not be viewed as constituting a validation or endorsement by IMO as to its quality, content, or value.
Finally, users who have questions regarding the interpretation and/or implementation of IMO instruments should direct such
questions to their National Maritime Administration.
The Maritime Knowledge Centre is not in a position to provide copies of any material for copyright reasons but will gladly answer
your queries on where to obtain it.
See also:
Information Resources on : “Piracy and armed robbery at sea”
4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom.
Tel: +44 20 7735 7611, http://www.imo.org Email MaritimeKnowledgeCentre@imo.org
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IMO MATERIAL ON THE WEBSITE ............................................................................................................. 3
IMO DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 5
RESOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 5
CIRCULARS .................................................................................................................................................. 7
CIRCULAR LETTERS ................................................................................................................................ 12
ASSEMBLY ................................................................................................................................................. 12
COUNCIL..................................................................................................................................................... 13
SUB-COMMITTEE ON RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS AND SEARCH AND RESCUE ....................... 15
FACILITATION COMMITTEE .................................................................................................................. 15
SUB-COMMITTEE ON FLAG STATE IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................. 17
INTERSESSIONAL MSC WORKING GROUP ON LONG-RANGE IDENTIFICATION
AND TRACKING
17
LEGAL COMMITTEE ................................................................................................................................ 17
1988 SUA CONVENTION AND PROTOCOL .......................................................................................... 18
2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE REVISION OF THE SUA TREATIES
(10 October 2005)
19
MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE ......................................................................................................... 22
SOLAS CONFERENCE – Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Security (9 – 13 December 2002) .......... 27
SUB-COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING ................................. 30
IMO PUBLICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 31
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS.................................................................................................................... 33
EUROPEAN UNION ....................................................................................................................................... 43
UNITED NATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 45
OTHER PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 49
VIDEOS ............................................................................................................................................................ 72
USEFUL ADDRESSES ................................................................................................................................... 73
INTERNET RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................... 76
ARTICLES FROM THE PRESS ..................................................................................................................... 78
2
IMO MATERIAL ON THE WEBSITE
SeaLibrary Online. MKC Catalogue online
Current Awareness Bulletin. This bulletin contains titles and abstracts of articles published in the legal and
technical press and is published monthly
Maritime Security
IMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS)
ISPS Code
2005 Protocol to the SUA Convention
IMO/IMO Code of practice on security in ports
IMO Global programmes on maritime security
Long Range Identification and Tracking
IMO adopts guidelines on the use of privately contracted and armed security personnel onboard ships (PCASP)
Port and coastal State requirements for Private Armed Guards
IMO News Magazine
For a list of articles in the IMO News Magazines on this subject up to 2007 click here for previous edition.
LRIT – SOLAS amendment enters into force. IMO News Magazine, Issue 1/2008, p. 12
Maritime security. IMO News Magazine, Issue 1/2008, Special Report IMO 60, p.IX
Guidance for private maritime security companies agreed by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee. IMO News
Magazine, Issue 3/2012, p. 7
Tanzania maritime security surveillance system completed. IMO News Magazine, Issue 4/2012, p. 30
Press Briefings
For Briefings up to December 2007 click here for previous edition.
Enhanced focus on maritime security in IMO Secretariat. IMO announces new appointments. Briefing 03/2007. 8
January 2007.
18 States sign 2005 SUA Protocols. 18 States have signed, subject to ratification, the 2005 SUA Protocols .
Briefing 06/2007, 13 February 2007
Milestone agreement reached on co-operation over the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Beneficiary States and
shipping industry pledge support for breakthrough initiative. Briefing 29/2007, 17 September 2007.
3
Implementation of LRIT high on agenda at IMO's Maritime Safety Committee. MSC 83 meets in Copenhagen,
with LRIT high on agenda. Briefing 33/2007, 2 October 2007.
Implementation of LRIT - key decisions made at IMO's Maritime Safety Committee. Interim data exchange facility
brings long-range ship tracking closer. Briefing 36/2007, 22 October 2007.
Greece announces US$1m donation to Straits’ fund. Greece supports projects to enhance safety, security and
environmental protection of vital shipping route through Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Briefing 42/2007, 20
November 2007.
Long-range identification and tracking of ships - SOLAS amendment enters into force on 1 January 2008
New regulations to take effect at beginning of the year. Briefing 53/2007. , 20 December 2007.
West and Central African states to co-operate in sub-regional Coastguard network. MoU signed by 20
MOWCA States to improve maritime safety, security and environmental protection in the sub-region.
Briefing 39/2008, 12 August 2008.
Maritime security set for boost with entry into force of 2005 Protocols on suppression of unlawful acts in July
2010. Briefing 20/2010, 30 April 2010
Supply-chain security on the agenda as Mitropoulos meets top US official. Briefing 02/2011, 28 January
2011
IMO approves further interim guidance on privately contracted armed security personnel. Intersessional
meeting of the Maritime Security and Piracy Working Group of the Maritime Safety Committee, 13-15
September 2011. Briefing 47/2011, 16 September 2011.
Guidance for private maritime security companies to be developed by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee .
Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), 90th session, 16 to 25 May 2012 . A special high-level segment of IMO’s
Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), convened by IMO Secretary-General Koji Sekimizu to discuss policy
matters related to arms on board ships in the piracy high risk area, has requested a working group of the
MSC to develop interim guidance for private maritime security companies (PMSCs). The MSC is meeting
for its 90th session at IMO Headquarters from 16 to 25 May, with some 900 delegates registered from IMO
member States and observers from international and non-governmental organizations. Briefing 16/2012,
18 May 2012
Guidance for private maritime security companies agreed by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee. Interim
guidance to private maritime security companies (PMSCs) was agreed by IMO's Maritime Safety Committee
(MSC), when it met at the Organization's London Headquarters for its 90th session from 16 to 25 May 2012.
A special high-level segment of the MSC saw an intense debate, over the first day and a half of the
Committee’s session (See Briefing 16/2012), on how the international community should deal with issues
related to the deployment of privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP) on board ships and the
carriage of arms on board. Briefing 17/2012, 25 May 2012
Tanzania maritime security surveillance system handed over to the Government of the United Republic of
Tanzania. A ceremony attended by senior US and Japanese diplomats, Tanzanian Government officials
and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the IMO for Maritime Security and Anti-Piracy
Programmes, Mr Hartmut Hesse, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on 17 September 2012 marked the
completion of the installation of an integrated radar and automatic identification system (AIS) coastal
surveillance system in Tanzania. Briefing 37/2012, 18 September 2012.
4
Papers and Articles by IMO Staff
Work undertaken by the International Maritime Organization in an effort to prevent and combat terrorism. By
Hartmut Hesse. Paper delivered in Melbourne, May 2007.
3 Years on : What are the global issues in maritime security. Presentaion by Hartmut Hesse delivered in
Melbourne, April 2007.
Containerised cargo security - case for “joined-up” government. By Chris Trelawny. 2 June 2006.
IMO maritime security policy : Background paper. By Chris Trelawny. Paper delivered at the IMAREST World
Maritime Technology Conference held in London on 6 – 10 March 2006.
Maritime security : Implementation of the ISPS Code. By Chris Trelawny. Paper presented at the 3rd Intermodal
Africa 2005 Tanzania Exhibition and Conference. Dar Es Salaam, 3-4 February 2005.
New security measures for the international shipping community. By Hartmut Hesse and N. Charalambous- WMU
Journal of Maritime Affairs, October 2004 (Vol.3, No.2) , pp 123-138
IMO activities to enhance maritime security by HESSE, H.G.. In: Seaport Security Conference, New Jersey, 1012 June 2002. New York, Institute for International Research (IIR) (USA), 2002 ?????
IMO DOCUMENTS
NOTE: Except for current meetings' documents and working papers, all IMO Documents issued since 1998 are available in the
IMODOCS database in English, French and Spanish; some documents are also available in Arabic, Chinese and
Russian.Documents prior to1998 can be obtained on an ad hoc basis provided that they exist in electronic form.
Abbreviations: Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO), Comité Maritime International (CMI), Comité International Radio
Maritime (CIRM), Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), International Association of Classification Societies (IACS),
International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse
Authorities (IALA), International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH), International Chamber of Commerce (ICC),
International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL), International Confederation of Free Trade
Unions (ICFTU), International Harbour Masters Association (IHMA), International Labour Office (ILO), International Association Of
Dry Cargo Shipowners (INTERCARGO), International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO), International
Federation of Shipmasters’ Association (IFSMA), International Parcel Tanker Association (IPTA), International Shipping Federation
(ISF), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Union of Marine Insurance (IUMU), Oil Companies
International Maritime Forum (OCIMF),International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO), Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD), International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP), International Group of P & I Clubs (P & I
CLUBS), Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO), World Customs Organisation (WCO), World
Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI)
PS. Working Papers are not listed below
RESOLUTIONS
A.545 (XIII)
17/11/1983
Measures to prevent and suppress piracy and armed robbery against ships
A. 584(14)
20/11/1985
Measures to prevent unlawful acts which threaten the safety of ships and the safety of
their passengers and crew
A. 683 (17)
06/11/1991
Prevention and suppression of acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships
A.738 (18)
Measures to prevent and suppress piracy and armed robbery against ships
04/11/1993
5
A.924(22)
22/01/2002
Review of measures and procedures to prevent acts of terrorism which threaten the
security of passengers and crews and the safety of ships
A.955(23)
26/02/2004
Amendments to the Principles on safe Manning (Resolution A.890(21))
A.956(23)
26/02/2004
Amendments to the guidelines for the onboard operational use of shipborne automatic
identification systems (AIS) Res.917(22)
A.959(23)
05/12/2003
Format and guidelines for the maintenance of the Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)
MSC 136(76)
11/12/2002
Performance standards for a ship security alert system
MSC.147(77)
29/05/2003
Adoption of the revised performance standards for a ship security alert system
MSC.159(78)
21/05/2004
Interim guidance on control and compliance measures to enhance maritime security
MSC. 160(78)
20/05/2004
Adoption of the IMO unique company and registered owner identification number scheme
MSC.194(80)
20/05/2005
Adoption of amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,
1974, as amended
MSC.196(80)
20/05/2005
Adoption of amendments to the ISPS Code
MSC.198(80)
20/05/2005
Adoption of amendments to the format and guidelines for the CSR
MSC.203(81)
18/05/2006
Adoption of amendments to the STCW Code 1978, as amended
MSC.209(81)
18/05/2006
Adoption of amendments to the STCW Code 1978, as amended???
MSC.210(81)
19/05/2006
Performance standards and functional requirements for the long-range identification and
tracking of ships
MSC 211.(81)
system
19/05/2006
Arrangements for the timely establishment of the long-range identification and tracking
MSC.275(85)
05/12/2008
Appointment of the LRIT Coordinator)
MSC.276(85)
05/12/2008
Operation of the international LRIT data exchange n an interim basis
MSC. 298(87) –
21/05/2010
Establishment of a distribution facility for the provision of LRIT information to security
forces operating in waters of the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean to aid their
work in repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships (The Distribution Facility)
6
CIRCULARS
IMO Documents online click here
MSC/Circ.443
26/09/1986
Measures to prevent unlawful acts against passengers and crews on board ships
MSC/Circ.754
05/07/1996
Passenger ferry security
MSC/Circ.1067
28/02/2003
Early implementation of the special measures to enhance maritime security
MSC/Circ.1072
26/06/2003
Guidance on provision of ship security alert systems
MSC/Circ.1073
10/06/2003
Measures to enhance maritime security. Directives for Maritime Rescue Co-ordination
Centers (MRCCS) on acts of violence against ships
MSC/Circ.1074
10/06/2003
Measures to enhance maritime security interim guidelines for the authorization of
recognized security organizations acting on behalf of the administration and/or designated
authority of a Contracting government
MSC/Circ.1097
06/06/2003
Guidance relating to the implementation of SOLAS Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code
MSC/Circ.1104
15/01/2004
Implementation of Solas Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code
MSC/Circ.1106
29/03/2004
Implementation of Solas Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code to port facilities
MSC/Circ.1109
07/06/2004
False security alerts and distress/security double alerts
MSC/Circ. 1109/Rev.1 False security alerts and distress/security double alerts
14/12/2004
MSC/Circ.1110
07/06/2004
Matters related to Solas Regulations XI/2/6 and XI-2/7
MSC/Circ.1111
07/06/2004
Guidance relating to the implementation of Solas Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code
MSC/Circ.1112
07/06/2004
Shore leave and access to ships under the ISPS Code
MSC/Circ.1113
07/06/2004
Guidance to port state control officers on the non-security related elements of the 2002
Solas Amendments
MSC/Circ.1130
14/12/2004
Guidance to masters, companies and duly authorized officers on the requirements relating
to the submission of security-related information prior to the entry of a ship into port
MSC/Circ.1131
14/12/2004
Interim guidelines on voluntary self-assessment by Solas contracting governments and by
port facilities
7
MSC/Circ.1132
14/12/2004
Guidance relating to the implementation of Solas Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code
MSC/Circ.1133
14/12/2004
Reminder of the obligation to notify flag states when exercising control and compliance
measures
MSC/Circ.1142
MEPC/Circ.425
20/12/2004
Marking the ship’s plans, manuals and other documents with the IMO ship identification
number
MSC/Circ.1154
23/05/2005
Guidelines on training and certification for company security officers
MSC/Circ.1155
23/05/2005
Guidance on the message priority and the testing of Ship Security Alert Systems
MSC/Circ.1156
23/05/2005
Guidance on the access of public authorities, emergency response services and pilots on
board ships to which SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS Code apply
MSC/Circ.1157
23/05/2005
Interim Scheme for the compliance of certain cargo ships with the special measures to
enhance Maritime Security
MSC.1/Circ. 1188
22/05/2006
Guidelines on training and certification for port facility security officers
MSC.1/Circ.1189
30/05/2006
Interim scheme for the compliance of special purpose ships with the special measures to
enhance maritime security
MSC.1/Circ.1190
security
30/05/2006
Guidance on the provision of information for identifying ships when transmitting ship
MSC.1/Circ.1192
30/05/2006
Guidance on voluntary self-assessment by Solas contracting governments and by port
facilities
MSC.1/Circ.1193
30/05/2006
Guidance on voluntary self-assessment by Administrations and for ship security
MSC.1/Circ.1217
14/12/2006
Interim guidance on voluntary self-assessment by Companies and company security
officers (CSOs) for ship security
MSC.1/Circ.1219
15/12/2006
Interim LRIT Technical specifications and other matters
MSC.1/Circ.1235
21/10/2007
Guidelines on security-related training and familiarization for shipboard personnel
Alerts
MSC.1/Circ.1259/Rev.4 Long-range identification and tracking system. Technical documentation (Part I)
15/02/2011
MSC.1/Circ.1294/Rev.2 Long-range identification and tracking system. Technical documentation (Part II)
15/02/2011
MSC.1/Circ.1297
08/12/2008
Guidance to search and rescue services in relation to requesting and receiving LRIT
information
8
MSC.1/Circ.1299
08/12/2008
Transitional arrangements and measures for accelerating the completion of the
establishment of the LRIT system
MSC.1/Circ.1305
09/06/2009
Revised guidance to masters, companies and duly authorized officers on the
requirements relating to the submission of security-related information prior to the entry of
a ship into port
MSC.1/Circ.1341
27/05/2010
Guidelines on security-related training and familiarization for port facility personnel
MSC.1/Circ.1405
23/05/2011
Interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators, and ship masters on the use of
privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP) on board ships in the high
risk area
MSC.1/Circ.1405/Rev.2Revised interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators, and shipmasters on the
25/05/2012
use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high
risk area
MSC.1/Circ.1406
23/05/2011
Interim recommendations for Flag States regarding the use of privately contracted
armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area
MSC.1/Circ.1406/Rev.1Revised interim recommendations for flag states regarding the use of privately
16/09/2011
contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area
MSC.1/Circ.1406/Rev.2Revised interim recommendations for flag states regarding the use of privately
25/05/2012
MSC.1/Circ.1408
16/09/2011
Interim recommendations for port and coastal states regarding the use of privately
MSC.1/Circ.1408/Rev.1Interim recommendations for port and coastal states regarding the use of privately
25/05/2012
MSC.1/Circ.1443
25/05/2012
Interim guidance to private maritime security companies providing privately
MSC-FAL.1/Circ.1
21/10/2007
Securing and facilitating international trade
MSC-FAL.1/Circ.2
22/09/2011
Questionnaire information on port and coastal state requirements related to privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships
SN/Circ.227
06/01/2003
Guidelines for the installation of a shipborne Automatic Identification System (AIS)
SUA.1/Circ.62
14/04/2005
Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety maritime navigation,
1988. Accession by Belgium
SUA.1/Circ.71
27/05/2008
Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation,
1988. Accession by Fiji
SUA.1/Circ.72
09/7/2008
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation 1988. Accession by the Dominican Republic
9
SUA.1/Circ.73
20/11/2008
Navigation, 1988. Accession by Guinea-Bissau
SUA.1/Circ.74
09/01/2009
Navigation. Ratification by Israel
SUA.1/Circ.75
Navigation.
26/06/2009
SUA.1/Circ.76
01/09/2009
Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation.
Accession by Guatemala
SUA.1/Circ.78
09/11/2009
Navigation. Accession by the Islamic Republic of Iran
SUA.1/Circ.83
26/03/2012
Navigation. Accession by Cotê d’Ivoire
SUA.2/Circ.60
25/01/2008
Protocol for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of fixed platforms located
on the continental shelf. Accession by Nauru, Tajikistan, Croatia, Jamaica, Namibia,
United Arab Emirates, Moldova, Bahrain, Bahamas, Kiribati and Mongolia. Ratification by
Brazil
SUA.2/Circ.64
27/05/2008
Idem. Accession by Fiji
SUA.2/Circ.66
08/01/2009
Idem. Ratification by Israel
SUA.2/Circ.69
01/09/2009
Idem. Accession by Guatemala
SUA.2/Circ.71
09/11/2009
Idem. Accession by Islamic Republic of Iran
SUA.2/Circ.74
11/05/2011
Idem. Extension by the Kingdom of the Netherlands to Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
SUA.2/Circ.76
26/03/2012
Idem. Accession by Cotê d’Ivoire
SUA.3/Circ.2
23/04/2008
Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety
of maritime navigation. Ratification by Spain
SUA.3/Circ.5
27/05/2008
Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety.
of maritime navigation. Accession by Fiji
SUA.3/Circ.6
08/09/2008
of maritime navigation . Accession by Vanuatu
SUA.3/Circ.7
16/10/2008
of maritime navigation. Accession by Switzerland
SUA.3/Circ.9
08/12//2009
of maritime navigation. Accession by Latvia
Accession by the Government of Niue
10
SUA.3/Circ.10
10/03/2010
of maritime navigation. Accession by the Dominica Republic
SUA.3/Circ.11
04/05/2010
of maritime navigation. Entry into force
SUA.3/Circ.12
24/06/2010
of maritime navigation. Accession by Austria
SUA.3/Circ.13
07/07/2010
of maritime navigation. Accession by Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
SUA.3/Circ.14
26/01/2011
Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of
fixed platforms located on the Continental shelf. Accession by Algeria.
SUA.3/Circ.15
22/07/2010
of maritime navigation. Ratification by Turkey
SUA.3/Circ. 16
12/10/2010
of maritime navigation. Ratification by Bulgaria
SUA.3/Circ.17
26/01/2011
of maritime navigation. Accession by Algeria
SUA.3/Circ.18
28/02/2011
of maritime navigation. Accession by Panama
SUA.3/Circ.19
28/03/2011
of maritime navigation. Acceptance for the European part of the Netherlands and the
Caribbean part of the Netherlands by the Kingdom of the Netherlands
SUA.3/Circ.21
26/03/2012
of maritime navigation. Accession by Cotê d’Ivoire
SUA.4/Circ.1
23/04/2008
Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the suppression on unlawful acts against the safety of
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Ratification by Spain
SUA.4/Circ.4
28/05/2008
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Accession of Fiji
SUA.4/Circ.8
08/12/2009
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Accession of Latvia
SUA.4/Circ.9
10/03/2010
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Accession by the Dominican Republic
SUA.4/Circ.10
04/05/2010
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. (SUA PROT 2005). Entry into force.
SUA.4/Circ.11
24/06/2010
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Ratification by Austria
SUA.4/Circ.12
07/07/2010
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Acession by Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
11
SUA.4/Circ.13
12/10/2010
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Ratification by Bulgaria
SUA.4/Circ.14
26/01/2011
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Accession by Algeria
SUA.4/Circ.15
28/02/2011
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Accession by Panama
SUA.4/Circ.16
28/03/2011
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Acceptance for the European part of the
Netherlands and the Caribbean part of the Netherlands by the Kingdom of the
Netherlands
SUA.4/Circ.18
26/03/2012
fixed platforms located on the continental shelf. Accession by Cotê d’Ivoire
CIRCULAR LETTERS
No. 2468
First Meeting of the Joint ILO/IMO Working Group on port security (Geneva,
Switzerland, 9-11 July 2003)
No. 2507
Amendment to Solas chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance maritime security
No. 2514
Information required from SOLAS contracting governments under the provisions of
SOLAS regulation XI-2/13
No. 2529
Information required from Solas contracting governments under the provisions of Solas `
regulation XI-2/13.1.1 on communication of a single national contact point
No. 2720
Kuala Lumpur Meeting on the Straits of Malacca and Singapore: Enhancing safety,
security and environmental protection, 18 to 20 September 2006
No. 1886/Rev.3
Implementation of resolution A.600(15) – IMO ship identification number scheme
No. 2554/Rev.1
Implementation of IMO Unique Company and registered owner identification number
scheme
No. 3202
Intersessional Maritime Security and Piracy Working Group (13 to 15 September 2011)
No. 3267
“A new order in maritime security”. A Seminar organized by the Sasakawa Peace
Foundation (Annex 2 – The Sasakawa Peace Foundation
ASSEMBLY
23rd Session (24 November – 5 December 2003)
Adopted resolutions
A 23/17/2
Consideration of the reports and recommendations of the Maritime Safety Committee.
Progress towards compliance with the ISPS Code. Note by BIMCO, ICS, Intercargo and
Intertanko
A 23/24
Progress report to the Assembly in compliance with resolution A.924(22) on review of
measures and procedures to prevent acts of terrorism which threatens the security of
passengers and crews and the safety of ships
12
A 23/24/Add.1
Idem.
A 23/24/Add.2
Idem. Technical assistance aspects.
A 23/24/Add.3
Idem. Outcome of the 87th Session of the Legal Committee
24th Session (21 November – 2 December 2005)
Adopted resolutions
A 24/15(b)
88th Session
Report on diplomatic conferences. (b) Report on the 2005 International Conference on the
Revision of the SUA Treaties
COUNCIL
(10 – 14 June 2002)
C 88/10
Prevention and suppression of acts of terrorism against shipping
C 88/10/Add.1
Idem. Outcome of the eighty-fourth session of the Legal Committee
C 88/10/Add.2
Idem. Note by the Secretariat
C 88/10/1
Idem. Technical assistance aspects
C 88/D
Summary of decisions
90th Session (16 – 20 June 2003)
C 90/12
Progress report to the Assembly in compliance with Resolution A.924(22) on review of
measures and procedures to prevent A.924(22) on review of measures and procedures to
prevent acts of terrorism which threaten the security of passengers and crews and the
safety of ships (This document informs the Council that a draft progress report in accordance with
operative paragraph 6 of resolution A.924(22) will be submitted to the Council after the
conclusion of MSC 77)
C 90/12/Add.1
Idem. (This document contains, in compliance with operative paragraph 6 of resolution A.924(22),
The draft progress report on review of measures and procedures to prevent acts of terrorism which
threaten the security of passengers and crews and the safety of ships)
C 90/12/1
Idem. Technical assistance aspects. (This document provides information on the measures
taken by the Secretary-General in response to operative paragraph 5 of resolution A.924(22), to
assist Governments, through the Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme (ITCP), to improve
maritime Security)
C 90/D
Summary of Decisions
22nd Extraordinary Session (21 November 2003)
C/ES.22/14/1
Work programme and budget prospects for 2003. Establishment of an International
Maritime Security Trust Fund
13
23rd Extraordinary Session (17 – 18 November 2005)
C/ES.23/11
Report of the 2005 International Conference on the Revision of the SUA Treaties
92nd Session (21 – 25 June 2004)
C 92/INF.3
Consideration of the Report of the Maritime Safety Committee. Progress report on the
implementation of Solas chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code. Submitted by Egypt.
C 92/D
93rd Session (15 – 19 November 2004)
C 93/4/Add.1
Report on the status of conventions and other multilateral instruments in respect of which
the Organization performs functions, including the 1993 Torremolinos Protocol. Progress
report on the implementation of the special measures to enhance maritime security
detailed in Solas chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code.
C 93/15
Protection of vital shipping lanes
C 93/D
94th Session (20 – 24 June 2005)
C 94/8
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Submitted by the Secretary-General.
C 94/D
102nd Session (29 June – 3 July 2009)
C 102/14
Sub-regional meeting to conclude agreements on maritime security, piracy and armed
robbery against ships for States from the Western Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden and Red
Sea Areas (Attachment – Code of conduct concerning the repression of piracy and armed
robbery against ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden)
C 102/D
106th Session (27 June – 1 July 2011)
C 106/22
Supplementary agenda items. Measures toward enhancing maritime trade recovery
related to the global supply chain system and maritime conveyances. Submitted by the
United States
C 106/D
14
SUB-COMMITTEE ON RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS AND SEARCH AND RESCUE
For documents prior to 2007 click here for previous edition
13th Session (19 – 23 January 2009)
COMSAR 13/INF.7
Satellite Services (Inmarsat and Cospas-Sarsat). Cospas-Sarsat Handbook on distress
alert messages for RCCs, SPOCs and IMO Ship Security competent authorities.
Submitted by Cospas-Sarsat
FACILITATION COMMITTEE
34th Session (26 – 30 March 2007)
FAL 34/10
Securing and facilitating international trade. Report of the Joint MSC/FAL Working Group on
security and facilitation of the movement of closed cargo transport units and of freight
containers transported by ships
FAL 34/10/1
Idem. Improving security and facilitation provisions within IMO instruments taking into
account the WCO SAFE framework of standards. Submitted by the United States
FAL 34/10/2
Idem. Interim guidance on the security and facilitation of the movement of containers
transported by ships. Submitted by Japan
FAL 34/10/3
Idem. The nature of enhanced security measures to be applied to CTUs in port facilities at
security level 2 and 3. Submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran
FAL 34/10/4
Idem. References for enhancing container security in the maritime domain. Submitted by
the United States
FAL 34/10/5
Idem. A comparison of WCO’s Guidelines for authorized economic operator with the ISPS
Code and the facilitation convention. Submitted by the United States
FAL 34/10/6
Idem. Comments on improving integrated supply chain security within IMO instruments
taking into account the WCO SAFE Framework of Standards. Submitted by Canada
FAL 34/19
Report (Section 10 – Securing and facilitating international trade.)
FAL 34/INF.3
Idem. SAFE framework of standards to secure and facilitate global trade approved
economic operator guidelines
FAL 34/INF.4
Idem. Website documenting port security best practices for ISPS Code compliance.
Submitted by the United States
FAL 34/INF.5
Idem. Supply chain security Best Practices catalogue. Submitted by the United States
FAL 34/INF.6
Idem. ISO initiatives for supply chain security and electronic means for clearance of ships
(Status update). Submitted by ISO
FAL 35/17
Report. (Section 9 – Securing and facilitating international trade)
15
FAL 35/INF.2
Securing and facilitating international trade. Authorized economic operator. Submitted by
the Netherlands
36th Session (6 – 10 September 2010)
FAL 36/17
Report (Section 8 – Securing and facilitating international trade; Annex 5 – Facilitating
shore leave and access to ships, removing unnecessary restrictions imposed by
divergences in the implementation of the ISPS Code
37th Session (5 – 9 September 2011)
FAL 37/8
Ensuring security in and facilitating international trade. Shore leave and access to ships.
FAL 37/8/1
Idem. Development of guidance on the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on
board ships.
FAL 37/8/2
Idem. Measures toward enhancing maritime trade recovery related to the global supply chain
system and maritime conveyances. Submitted by the United States
FAL 37/8/3
Idem. ISO 28000 Series Standards update. Submitted by ISO
FAL 37/8/4
board ships. Submitted by Brazil.
FAL 37/8/5
Idem. The necessity of amending the FAL Convention on shore leave. Submitted by the Islamic
Republic of Iran
FAL 37/8/6
board ships. Submitted by the United States
FAL 37/17
Report. (Section 8 – Ensuring security in and facilitating international trade)
FAL 37/INF.4
Idem. Update on the SAFE framework of standards. Submitted by the WCO
38th Session (8-12 April 2013)
FAL 37/7
Ensuring security in and facilitating international trade. Trade recovery. Guidelines on Measures
Toward Enhancing Maritime Trade Recovery Related to the Global Supply Chain System and
Maritime Conveyances. Submitted by Canada and the United States
FAL 38/7/1
Ensuring security in and facilitating international trade. Questionnaire on information on port and
coastal State requirements related to privately contracted armed security personnel on board
ships.
16
SUB-COMMITTEE ON FLAG STATE IMPLEMENTATION
17th Session (20 – 24 April 2009)
FSI 17/3/2
Responsibilities of Governments and measures to encourage flag state compliance. Measures
taken to enhance security policies and activities. Responsibilities of Governments and measures
to encourage flag state compliance.
FSI 17/3/3
A report on the implementation of mandatory and non-mandatory rules and regulation to enhance
safety and security of navigation and to fight marine pollution. Submitted by the Islamic Republic
of Iran
FSI 17/20
Report.
INTERSESSIONAL MSC WORKING GROUP ON LONG-RANGE IDENTIFICATION
AND TRACKING
MSC/ISWG/LRIT 1/3
Development of the draft Solas amendments on long-range identification and
tracking. Inclusion of LRIT regulation in SOLAS chapter V. Proposal on application
of provision for the reception of information from ships navigating within a distance
from a coastal state. Submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran
MSC/ISWG/LRIT 1/3/1
Idem. Submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran
MSC/ISWG/LRIT 1/3/2
Idem. Submitted by Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the
European Commission
MSC/ISWG/LRIT 1/3/3
Idem. Submitted by Australia and Canada
MSC/ISWG/LRIT 1/3/4
Idem. Draft SOLAS regulation on LRIT. Submitted by the Russian Federation
LEGAL COMMITTEE
93rd Session (22 – 26 October 2007)
LEG 93/9
Technical co-operation activities related to maritime legislation. National legal seminar on
the implementation of the SUA treaties in Thailand
LEG 93/9/1
Idem. National legal seminar on the implementation of the SUA treaties in Sri Lanka.
LEG 93/13
Report.
94th Session (No documents issued on the subject)
17
1988 SUA CONVENTION AND PROTOCOL
Legal Committee Working Group on the Review of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful
Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988, and Its Protocol of 1988 Relating to Fixed
Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf
1st Session (12 – 16 July 2004)
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol. US
delegation’s proposed revisions to the proposed Protocol to the USA Convention
(Annex 1) Submitted by the United States
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/1
Review of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety
of Maritime Navigation, 1988, and its Protocol of 1988 relating to Fixed Platforms
Located on the Continental Shelf (SUA Convention and Protocol). Draft
amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol. Complements to the
“Boarding! Section. Submitted by France.
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/2
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol. Comments on
Annex 1 as circulated by e-mail by the Co-ordinator of the Correspondence Group
on 10 June 2004. Submitted by Brazil.
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/3
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol NonProliferation Offences. Submitted by the United States
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/4
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol. Comments on
US delegation’s proposed revisions to the proposed Protocol to the SUA
Convention (Annex 1) Submitted by Brazil
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/5
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol (Annex 1).
Comments from the Japanese Delegation to the SUA Working Group on the
“environmental damage” – Article 1, paragraph 1(e). Submitted by Japan
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/6
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol. Proposed
revisions to the proposed Protocol to the SUA Convention from the LEG 88 SUA
Work Group (Annex 1). Submitted the United States
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/8
Idem. Suggested amendment to article 8bis 8b (Safeguards). Submitted by
Mexico.
18
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/9
Idem. Comments on the revised draft of the proposed Protocol (Annex 1) and the
consolidated draft of the SUA Convention incorporating the proposed Protocol
(Annex 2), and on the report by the Chairperson of the Working Group. Submitted
by Pakistan
LEG/SUA/WG.1/2/10
Idem. Draft amendments to the SUA Convention and SUA Protocol. Proposal on
the political offence exception and entry into force provisions. Submitted by Brazil
LEG/SUA/WG.1/3
Report of the Working Group
2nd Session (31 January – 4 February 2005)
LEG/SUA/WG.2/2/1
Review of the draft Protocol to the Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts
against the safety of maritime navigation, 1988 (1988 SUA Convention)
LEG/SUA/WG.2/2/2
Idem.
LEG/SUA/WG.2/2/3
Idem. Comments on the draft preamble, draft article 2, draft article 4, and draft
article 7 in the Annex. Submitted by ICS, ISF and ICFTU
LEG/SUA/WG.2/3
Idem.
LEG/SUA/WG.2/3/1
Idem.
LEG/SUA/WG.2/4
Report of the Working Group
2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON THE REVISION OF THE SUA TREATIES (10 OCTOBER 2005)
LEG/CONF.15/1
Agenda for the Conference
LEG/CONF.15/1/1
Agenda adopted by the Conference
LEG/CONF 15/2
Adoption of the rules of procedures. Provisional Rules of Procedures
LEG/CONF.15/2/1
Idem. Rules of procedure adopted by the Conference
LEG/CONF.15/3
Consideration of a draft protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the suppression of
unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation. Prepared by the Legal
Committee of the Organization and edited by the Secretariat
LEG/CONF.15/4
Consideration of a draft Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the suppression of
unlawful acts against the safety of fixed platforms located on the continental shelf.
Prepared by the Legal Committee of the Organization and edited by the
Secretariat
LEG/CONF.15/5
Organization of the work of the conference including the establishment of other
committees, as necessary
LEG/CONF.15/6
Consideration of: A draft protocol to the Convention for the suppression of
unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation, 1988 and a draft protocol
to the protocol for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of fixed
Platforms located on the continental shelf, 1988
19
LEG/CONF.15/6/Corr.1
Platforms located on the continental shelf, 1988. Corrigendum
LEG/CONF.15/7
Consideration of a draft protocol to the Convention for the suppression of unlawful
acts against the safety of maritime navigation, 1988
LEG/CONF.15/8
Consideration of: A draft Protocol to the Convention for the suppression of
platforms located on the continental shelf, 1988. Submitted by Hong Kong, China
LEG/CONF.15/9
Consideration of a draft protocol to the Convention for suppression of unlawful
acts against the safety of maritime navigation, 1988. Suggestions regarding the
preamble and article 8bis. Submitted by Cuba
LEG/CONF.15/10
Platforms located on the continental shelf, 1988. Submitted by Romania
LEG/CONF.15/11
Idem. Submitted by South Africa
LEG/CONF.15/12
Idem. Submitted by India
LEG/CONF.15/12/Corr.1
Idem. Corrigendum
LEG/CONF.15/13
Idem. Submitted by Philippines
LEG/CONF.15/14
Consideration of a draft protocol to the convention for the suppression of unlawful
acts against the safety of maritime navigation, 1988. Comments on the protection
afforded to the shipping industry. Submitted by the United States and ICFTU
LEG/CONF.15/15
Platforms located on the continental shelf, 1988. Comments on counter-terrorism,
non-proliferation and boarding provisions. Submitted by the United States
LEG/CONF.15/16
Idem. Proposed amendments to article 10 of the protocol to the SUA Convention.
Submitted by China
LEG/CONF.15/17/Rev.1
Consideration of the reports of the Committees. Report of the Credentials
Committee Report of the Credentials Committee
LEG/CONF.15/18
Consideration of a draft Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Statement of the
delegation of the Russian Federation on subparagraph 1(b) (iv) of the article 3bis
of the Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Maritime Navigation of 1988
LEG/CONF 15/19
Idem and Consideration of a draft Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful acts
Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf, 1988.
Statement by India
LEG/CONF 15/20
Idem. Statement by Pakistan
20
LEG/CONF 15/21
Adoption of the Final Act and any instruments, recommendations and resolutions
resulting from the work of the Conference. Protocol of 2005 to the Convention
for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation. Text adopted by the Conference
LEG/CONF 15/22
Idem. Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf. Text
adopted by the Conference
LEG/CONF 15/23
Idem. Final Act of the International Conference on the Revision of the SUA
Treaties. Text adopted by the Conference
Records of decisions of the Plenary
LEG/CONF.15/RD/1/REV.1
Record of decisions of the first plenary meeting.
LEG/CONF 15/RD/2
Record of decisions of the second Plenary Meeting, 14 October 2005 9:30 a.m. to
12:15 p.m.
Information papers
LEG/CONF.15/INF.2
Opening statement by Mr. E.E. Mitropoulos, Secretary-General – International
Maritime Organization, Monday, 10 October 2005
LEG/CONF.15/INF.3
Presidential address at the opening of the Conference by H.R. Mr. Giancarlo
Aragona, Ambassador of the Republic of Italy
LEG/CONF.15/INF.4
Closing statement by the President following the adoption of the Protocols by the
Conference
LEG/CONF.15/INF.5
Closing statement by Mr. E.E. Mitropoulos, Secretary-General – International
Maritime Organization, Friday, 14 October 2005
Committee of the Whole
LEG/CONF 15/CW/1
Provisional agenda for the Committee of the Whole
LEG/CONF 15/CW/1/1
Agenda
LEG/CONF.15/CW/2
Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Agreed by the
Committee of the Whole.
LEG/CONF.15/CW/2/Add.1
Committee of the Whole.
LEG/CONF.15/CW/2/Add.2
Committee of the Whole
LEG/CONF.15/CW/3
Consideration of a draft Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed platforms located on the continental
shelf. Agreed by the Committee of the Whole
LEG/CONF.15/CW/4
Consideration of reports of Committees. Report of the Committee of the Whole
21
Records of decisions of the Committee of the Whole
LEG/CONF.15/CW/RD.1
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole. First Meeting
LEG/CONF.15/CW/RD.2
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole. Second Meeting
LEG/CONF.15/CW/RD.3
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole. Third Meeting
LEG/CONF.15/CW/RD.4
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole. Fourth Meeting
LEG/CONF.15/CW/RD.5/Rev.1 Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole. Fifth Meeting.
Drafting Committee
LEG/CONF.15/DC/1
Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation : Texts examined and
approved by the Drafting Committee
LEG/CONF.15/DC/2
Consideration of a draft Protocol 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the continental
shelf. Texts examined and approved by the Drafting Committee
LEG/CONF.15/DC/3
Draft Final Act of the International Conference on the revision of the SUA
Convention. Text examined and approved by the Drafting Committee
LEG/CONF.15/DC/3/Rev.1
Idem
LEG/CONF.15/DC/4
Consideration of the reports of the Committees : Report of the Drafting Committee
LEG/CONF 15/WP.1
Draft Final Act of the International Conference on the revision of the SUA Treaties
MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE
83rd Session (3 – 12 October 2007)
MSC 83/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Outcome of STW 38
MSC 83/4/Add.1
Idem. Decisions of other IMO bodies. Outcome of FAL 34
MSC 83/4/1
Idem. Report of the Joint MSC/FAL Working Group on Security and facilitation of the
movement of closed cargo transport units and of freight containers transported by ships.
MSC 83/4/2
Idem. Correspondence group on security aspects of the operation of ships which do not
fall within the scope of SOLAS chapter X1-s and the ISPS Code. Submitted by the UK as
co-ordinator of the Correspondence Group
MSC 83/4/3
Idem. Access of public authorities, emergency response services and pilots on board
ships to which SOLAS chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code apply. Submitted by CLIA
MSC 83/4/4
Idem. Security arrangements for ships which do not fall within the scope of SOLAS
chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code. Submitted by Australia
22
MSC 83/6/8
LRIT-related matters. Date of implementation of the LRIT System. Submitted by the
Islamic Republic of Iran
MSC 83/6/9
Idem. Method of operation and maintenance of the International LRIT Data
Exchange and the International LRIT Data Centre. Submitted by the Islamic Republic of
Iran
MSC 83/17
Technical assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security. Technical cooperation activities relating to maritime safety, security and facilitation of maritime traffic
MSC 83/17/1
Idem. Periodical report on model courses
MSC 83/17/2
Idem. : Technical co-operation on domestic ferry safety
MSC 83/17/3
Idem. Abuja MoU Strategy 2010. Program to enhance administrative and operational
capacity of the Abuja Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control. Submitted by
the Abuja MoU Secretariat, Angola, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Leone and South Africa
MSC 83/27
Any other business. Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS).
MSC 83/28
Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on its 83rd Session (Section 4 – Measures to
Enhance maritime security; Section 17 – Technical assistance sub-programme in
maritime safety and security; Annex 37 – Resolution MSC.254(83) – Adoption of
amendments to the performance standards and functional requirements for the longrange identification and tracking of ships)
MSC 83/INF.7
Measures to enhance maritime security. Correspondence group on security aspects of the
operation of ships which do not fall within the scope of SOLAS chapter XI-2 and the ISPS
Code. Submitted by the United Kingdom as co-ordinator of the Correspondence Group
MSC 83/INF.11
Measures to enhance maritime security. The Harbour Craft Transponder System
(HARTS) in the Port of Singapore. Submitted by Singapore
MSC 83/INF.16
Idem. Development of an EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange for Administration,
Commerce and Transport) message for security-related information. Submitted by the
United States
MSC 83/INF.17
Measures to enhance maritime security. Enhancement of the security of ships other than
those already covered by SOLAS chapter-XI-2 and the ISPS Code. Submitted by the
United States
84th Session (7 – 16 May 2008)
MSC 84/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Fifth special meeting of the Counter-Terrorism
Committee with International, Regional and Sub-Regional Organizations, Nairobi, Kenya,
29-31 October 2007
MSC 84/4/1
Idem. Proposed amendments to MSC/Circ.1097. Submitted by IACS
MSC 84/4/2
Idem. National supplement security arrangements. Submitted by Turkey
MSC 84/4/3
Idem. Port facility audits. Submitted by Canada
23
MSC 84/4/4
Idem. Development of model legislation on maritime security. Submitted by Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, United Kingdom and the European Commission
MSC 84/4/5
ISO maritime and supply chain security standards (Update). Submitted by ISO
MSC 84/18
Technical assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security. Technical cooperation activities relating to maritime safety, security and facilitation of maritime traffic
MSC 84/18/2
Idem. Technical co-operation on domestic ferry safety
MSC 84/24
Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on its 84th Session (Section 4 – Measures to
Enhance maritime security; Annex 9 – Resolution MSC.262(84) – Revised performance
standards and functional requirements for the long-range identification and tracking (LRIT)
of ships; Annex 10 – Establishment of the International LRIT Data Exchange on an interim
basis)
MSC 84/INF.2
Relations with other organizations. The United Nations open-ended Informal Consultative
Process on Oceans and Law of the Sea focusing issues on maritime security and safety.
MSC 85/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Matters outstanding from MSC 84
MSC 85/4/1
Idem. Report of the Correspondence Group on security arrangements for vessels which
do not fall within the scope of SOLAS chapter XI-2 and the
ISPS Code. Submitted by
Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States
MSC 85/4/2
Idem. ITU World Radiocomunications Conference 2011. Spectrum requirements and
potential frequency bands suitable to support ship and port security and enhanced
maritime safety systems
MSC 85/4/3
Idem. Proposed revised amendments to MSC/Circ.1097. Submitted by IACS
MSC 85/14/2
Technical assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security. Periodical report on
model courses
MSC 85/26
enhance maritime security; Section 14 – Technical assistance sub-programme in maritime
safety and security; Annex 10 – Resolution MSC.275(85) – Appointment of the LRIT
Coordinator); Annex 11 - Resolution MSC.276(85) – Operation of the international LRIT
data exchange an interim basis)
86th Session (27 May – 5 June 2009)
MSC 86/4/1
Measures to enhance maritime security. A brief report on how the ISPS Code has been
implemented – measures taken to enhance security policies and activities. Submitted by
the Islamic Republic of Iran
MSC 86/4/2
Idem. Results of the experience gained from the use of MSC.1/Circ.1192 and
MSC.1/Circ.1194. Submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran.
24
MSC 86/4/3
Idem. A brief summary of some failures identified during ISPS Code verification.
Submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran
MSC 86/4/4
Idem. Guidance on port facility security audits. Submitted by Singapore
MSC 86/4/5
Idem. Issue of continuous synopsis record. Submitted by Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland,
Germany, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, the United Kingdom
and the European Commission
MSC 86/6/4
LRIT-Relate matters. Long-range identification and tracking of ships (LRIT). Submitted by
Canada
MSC 86/26
enhance maritime security; Annex 6 – Principles and guidelines relating to the review and
audit of the performance of LRIT data centres and the international data exchange)
MSC 86/INF.6
Measures to enhance maritime security. ISO Maritime and supply chain security
standards (Update). Submitted by ISO
87th session (12 - 21 May 2010)
MSC 84/4/Add.1
Measures to enhance maritime security. Development since MSC 86
MSC 87/4/1
Idem. Report of the Third Latin American Forum on maritime and port security. Submitted
by Colombia
MSC 87/4/2
Idem. Guidelines on security-related training and familiarization for shore-based
personnel. Submitted by Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, The Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the European
Commission
MSC 87/4/3
Idem. Issue of continuous synopsis record. Submitted by Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia,
Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the Untied Kingdom
MSC 87/16
Technical assistance Sub-programme in maritime safety and security. Status of technical
co-operation activities relating to maritime safety, security and facilitation of maritime
traffic (March to December 2009)
MSC 87/16/1
Idem. Periodical report on model courses
MSC 87/26
Report. (Section 4 – Measures to enhance maritime security; Section 16 – Technical
assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security; Annex 15 – Resolution
MSC.(87) – Establishment of a distribution facility for the provision of LRIT information to
security forces operating in waters of the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean to
aid their work in repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships (The Distribution
Facility)
MSC 88/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Development since MSC 87
MSC 88/4/1
Idem. Best practices for clearance programmes on international and domestic
transportation. Submitted by Canada
25
MSC 88/4/2
Idem. Enhancement to the ISPS Code. Submitted by Canada
MSC 88/4/3
Idem. Operational issues regarding BMP v3 guidance on SSAS alert routeing to
UKMTO and the availability of related commercial services. Submitted by the Marshall
Islands
MSC 88/4/4
Idem. Outcome of the 36th session of the Facilitation Committee
MSC 88/INF.7
Idem. ISO 28000 Series Standards update. Submitted by ISO
MSC 88/26
Report. (Section 4 – Measures to enhance maritime security)
89th Session (11 – 20 May 2011)
MSC 89/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Need for updating the information provided in the
GISIS Maritime Security Module
MSC 89/4/1
Idem. Report of the Correspondence Group on the Maritime Security Manual
MSC 89/4/2
Idem. Consideration of periodical survey to Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). Submitted
by Republic of Korea
MSC 89/4/3
Idem. A brief report related application and implementation of the ISPS Code including
measures taken to enhance maritime security. Submitted by the Republican of Korea
MSC 89/4/4
Idem. Enhancement of the security of ships other than those already covered by SOLAS
chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code. Submitted by the United States
MSC 89/14
Technical Assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security. Status of technical
co-operation activities relating to maritime safety, security and facilitation of maritime
traffic (October 2010 to march 211)
MSC 89/14/1
Idem. Periodical report on model
MSC 89/25
Report. (Section 4 - Measures to enhance maritime security; Section 14 – Technical
assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security)
MSC 89/INF.10
Idem. Technical activities undertaken by IHO in coordination with IMO. Submitted by IHO
MSC 89/INF.13
Measures to enhance maritime security : Maritime security manual : Guidance fr port
facilities, ports and ships. Submitted by Canada
courses
90th Session (16-25 May 2012)
MSC 90/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Outcome of FAL 37 and Communication of
information to the Organization
MSC 90/4/1
Idem Australia’s implementation of the ISPS Code. Submitted by Australia
MSC 90/28
Report. (Section 4 – Measures to enhance maritime security; Section 16 – Technical
assistance sub-programme in maritime safety and security)
26
91st Session (26 – 30 November 2012)
MSC 91/4
Measures to enhance maritime security. Information provided pursuant to Solas regulation
XI-2/13, the maritime security module of GISIS and the IMO guide to maritime security
and the ISPS Code.
MSC 91/14/1
Idem. Periodical report on model courses.
MSC 91/22
Report. (Section 4 – Measures to enhance maritime security; Section 14 – Technical cooperation activities relating to maritime safety and security)
92nd Session (12 – 21 June 2013)
MSC 92/4
Measure to enhance maritime security. Report on access to the GISIS Maritime Security
Module and responses received in relation to Circular letter No. 3338
MSC 92/4/1
Idem. Guidelines for the implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security
Code (ISPS Code) by companies. Submitted by the Republic of Korea
MSC 92/15
Technical Co-operation activities relating to maritime safety and security. Status of
activities implemented from January to December 2012.
MSC 92/15/1
Idem. Periodical report of model courses.
MSC 92/15/2
Idem. Workshop on APEC manual of maritime security drills and exercises for port
facilities. Submitted by Singapore
MSC 92/26
Report (Section 4 – Measures to enhance maritime security)
SOLAS CONFERENCE – DIPLOMATIC CONFERENCE ON
MARITIME SECURITY (9 – 13 DECEMBER 2002)
SOLAS/CONF.5/4
Consideration of the draft International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS)
Code : Proposed text of the ISPS Code
SOLAS/CONF.5/4/Rev.2
Idem. Proposed text of Part A of the International Ship and Port Facility Security
(ISPS) Code.
SOLAS/CONF.5/4/1/Rev.1
Idem. Proposed text of Part B of the International Ship and Port Facility Security
(ISPS) Code : Submitted by Denmark, Finland, Marshall Islands, the Netherlands,
Panama, Singapore, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States
SOLAS/CONF.5/4/2
Idem. Draft Chapter XI-2 of Solas 74 and the proposed text of the ISPS Code.
Note by the Chairman of the Intersessional MSC Working Group on Maritime
Security (ISWG) and the Secretariat
Consideration of draft resolutions, recommendations and other related matters.
Draft Conference resolutions. Note by the Chairman of the Intersessional
MSC Working Group on Maritime Security (ISWG)
SOLAS/CONF.5/7
Consideration of the draft amendments to the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea, 1974. Prevention and suppression of acts of terrorism
against shipping. Proposed addition to chapter XI (-1) of Solas. Continuous
synopsis record. Submitted by ICS, IPTA, Intertanko, ICCL and SIGTTO
27
SOLAS/CONF.5/8
Idem. Prevention and suppression of acts of terrorism against shipping.
Proposed addition to chapter XI (-1) of Solas. Ship identification number.
Submitted by ICS, BIMCO, IPTA, Intertanko and SIGTTO
SOLAS/CONF.5/9
Idem. IMO Conference on maritime security : Statement by J.C.S. Harrocks
Secretary General, International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)
SOLAS/CONF.5/10
Idem. Finalization of amendments to SOLAS chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code
Attacks on ships. Submitted by France, Germany and the United Kingdom
Idem and International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code :
Draft Chapter XI-2 of Solas 74 and the Proposed text of the International Ship and
Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code: Submitted by Japan
SOLAS/CONF.5/12
Idem. Comments and proposals on draft regulation XI-2/7 regarding alternative
security arrangements. Submitted by Denmark, Norway and Sweden
SOLAS/CONF.5/13
Consideration of draft resolutions, recommendations and other related matters :
Training for maritime and port protection security (Physical security and prevention
of drug trafficking) : Submitted by Colombia
SOLAS/CONF.5/14
Idem. Revision of resolution A.872(20) : Updating of maritime security and port
protection measures : Submitted by Colombia
SOLAS/CONF.5/15
Idem. Consolidated port departures and arrivals date form : Submitted by
Colombia
SOLAS/CONF.5/16
safety of Life at sea, 1974 and International Ship and Port Facility Security
(ISPS) Code : Submitted by Canada
SOLAS/CONF.5/17
Idem. Equivalence of port facilities. Submitted by Germany and The Netherlands
SOLAS/CONF.5/18
Idem. Submitted by the United Kingdom and IPTA
SOLAS/CONF.5/19
Idem. Proposal to amend regulation XI-2/8 (Communication information).
Submitted by Australia and Canada
SOLAS/CONF.5/20
Idem. Submitted by Canada.
SOLAS/CONF.5/21
Code: Part A, Section 19.4 – Interim Certificates : Submitted by Canada, Croatia,
Liberia, Marshall Islands, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and the
United States
SOLAS/CONF.5/22
safety of Life at sea, 1974 and International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS)
Code :Proposed amendments to Chapter XI-2 Regulations and Part A of the
International Code for Ship and Port Facility Security : Submitted by Canada,
Germany, Panama, United Kingdom and the United States
SOLAS/CONF.5/23
safety of Life at sea, 1974 : Submitted by Liberia
28
SOLAS/CONF.5/24
Idem. Consideration of transport and security issues related to the multimodal
transport of dangerous goods by the United Nations Sub-Committee of Experts on
the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN-SCETDG) at its twenty-second session
from 2 to 6 December 2002. Submitted by the United Kingdom
SOLAS/CONF.5/25
Code: Introduction . Proposed amendments to document
SOLAS/CONF.5/26
Idem. Guidance to regulation XI-2/7ter. Proposed additional test for section B/4.
Submitted by Germany
SOLAS/CONF.5/27
Idem. Part B of the ISPS Code : Proposal to replace the current paragraphs
4.36bis, 4.37 and 4.38 of document SOLAS/CONF.5/4/1/Rev.1.Submitted by the
United Kingdom
SOLAS/CONF.5/28
Idem. Amendments to the provisions in International Ship and Port Facility
Security (ISPS) Code related to the Declaration of Security (DoS). Submitted by
the United States
SOLAS/CONF.5/29
Idem. Proposals to amend provisions of the ISPS Code : Submitted by Norway
SOLAS/CONF.5/30
Consideration of draft resolutions, recommendations and related matters.
Proposed draft Conference Resolution. Security risks resulting from
demonstration and actions against ships, offshore installations and port facilities.
Submitted by Cyprus and Malta
SOLAS/CONF.5/31
resulting from the work of the Conference. Final Act of the Conference of
contracting governments to SOLAS, 1974. text adopted by the Conference
SOLAS/CONF.5/32
Consideration and adoption of amendments to the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea, 1974. Conference resolution 1 and related amendments to
the 1974 Solas Convention. As adopted by the Conference
SOLAS/CONF.5/33
Idem. Draft International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code and draft
resolutions, recommendations and other related matters. Amendments agreed by
the plenary. As adopted by the Conference.
SOLAS/CONF.5/34
Consideration and adoption of the International Ship and Port Security (ISPS)
Code. Consideration and adoption of the resolutions, recommendations and
related matters. Conference resolution 2 (ISPS Code) and related amendments to
the 1974 SOLAS Convention and Conference resolutions 3 to 11.
As adopted
by the Conference
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.2
Consideration of draft resolutions, recommendations and other related matters.
Information on the work of the ILO. Submitted by the ILO
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.3
Idem.: Policy statement by ICC: Submitted by ICC
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.4
Opening address by the Secretary-General of the International Maritime
Organization, Mr. William A. O’Neil
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.5
Address by Admiral Thomas H. Collins, Commandant of the United States Coast
Guard, Department of Transportation
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.6
Speech of Ms. Sally Paxton, Executive Director, Social Dialogue Sector, ILO to
the IMO Diplomatic Conference on maritime security
29
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.7
Déclaration de la delegation française relative à l’attentat sur le pétrolier
“Limburg”, 9 décembre 2002. (French only)
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.8
Statement by the Delegation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.9
Statement by J. C. S. Horrocks Secretary General, International Chamber of
Shipping (ICS)
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.10
Statement by Prefecto General Juan Jose Beltriti, Commandant of the Argentine
Coast Guard
SOLAS/CONF.5/INF.11
Statement by Mr. Fotis Karamitsos director, maritime Transport, European
Commission (EC)
SOLAS/CONF.5/CC/1
Report of the Credentials Committee.
SOLAS/CONF.5/CW/RD/1
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole : First Meeting
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole : Second and third meetings
Record of decisions of the Committee of the Whole : Fourth and fifth meetings.
SOLAS/CONF.5/DC/1
Safety of Life at Sea, 1974- Draft Conference resolution 1 and the proposed draft
amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,
as amended (to constitute attachment 1 to the Final Act of the Conference).
Submitted by the Drafting Committee
SOLAS/CONF.5/DC/2
Code. Draft Conference resolution 2 and the proposed draft International Ship and
Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code (to constitute attachment 2 to the Final Act of
the Conference). Submitted by the Drafting Committee
SOLAS/CONF.5/DC/2/Add.1 Idem. Text of Part B of the proposed draft of the International Ship and Port
Facility Security (ISPS) Code (to constitute attachment 2 to the Final Act of the
Conference). Submitted by the Drafting Committee
SOLAS/CONF.5/DC/3
Consideration of the draft resolutions and recommendations and related matters
Submitted by the Drafting Committee
SOLAS/CONF.5/DC/4
resulting from the work of the Conference. Draft Final Act of the Conference of
Contracting Governments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea, 1974. Submitted by the Drafting Committee
SUB-COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING
STW 38/6
Measures to enhance maritime security. Outcome of MSC 81
30
STW 38/6/1
Idem. Amendments to the STCW Convention and the STCW Code to introduce security
familiarization for all seafarers and training for seafarers with security-related duties and
consequential amendments to the ISPS Code. Submitted by the United States
TW 38/17
Report (Section 6 – Measures to enhance maritime security; Annex 2 – Preliminary text of the
draft amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, as amended (Security-related issues)
STW 39th Session (3 – 7 March 2008)
No documents issued on the subject
40th Session (2 – 6 February 2009)
STW 40/14
41st Session (11 -15 January 2010)
STW 41/16
42nd Session (24 – 28 January 2011)
No documents issued on the subject
43rd Session (30 April – 4 May 2012)
STW 43/3/2
Validation of model training courses. Model Courses – Security awareness training for seafarers
with designated security duties and security awareness training for all seafarers.
STW 43/3/3
Idem. Model Courses – Ship Security Officer.
IMO PUBLICATIONS
Abbreviations : A : Arabic; C : Chinese; E : English; F : French; R : Russian; S: Spanish
All documents pertaining to the Conference and leading to the Conference are available in the Maritime
Knowledge Centre (E/F/S)
ISPS Code. International Ship and Port Facility Security Code and Solas amendments 2002 2003 edition.
Language(s): E, F, S, C, A, R (IMO-I116E) . Also available on virtual edition (E,S,F) and on CD-ROM.
The ISPS Code was adopted by a Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention for
the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, convened in London from 9 to 13 December 2002. The Code aims, among other
things, to establish an international framework for co-operation between Contracting Governments, Government
agencies, local administrations and the shipping and port industries to detect security threats and take preventive
measures against security incidents affecting ships or port facilities used in international trade and to establish
relevant roles and responsibilities at the national and international level. These objectives are to be achieved by
the designation of appropriate personnel on each ship, in each port facility and in each ship owning company to
make assessments and to put into effect the security plans that will be approved for each ship and port facility.
The ISPS Code will become mandatory on 1 July 2004.
31
Guide to maritime security and ISPS Code, 2012 edition (IMO-IA116E) PS. This new title does not supersede
the ISPS Code 2003 edition but aims to assist SOLAS Contracting Governments in relation to the provisions of
Solas chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code.
SOLAS. Consolidated edition 2009. (IM0-IE110E). Language(s): E, F, S
Solas amendments 2001 and 2002. 2003 edition (IMO-I117E). (Chapter XI-2 – Special measures to enhance
maritime security)
Solas amendments 2003, 2004 and 2005. 2006 edition (IMO-I172E). (Resolution MSC 194(80)) Language(s):
E, S
Solas amendments 2006. (IMO-I173E)
2002 Amendments to the Annex to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974
(Resolution 1 of the Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life
at Sea, 1974) : Certified True Copy* signed on 21 March 2003. London, IMO, 2003 : Language(s): E,F,S
Final Act of the Conference of contracting governments to the International Convention for the Safety of
Life at Sea, 1974 done at London on 13 December 2002: Certified True Copy* signed on 21 March 2003.
London, IMO, 2003. Language(s): E,F,S
Contains: The Conference adopted the following Resolutions: Resolution 3 - Further work by the International Maritime
Organization pertaining to the enhancement of maritime security; Resolution 4 - Future amendments to chapters XI-1 and XI2 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention on special measures to enhance maritime safety and security respectively; Resolution 5 Promotion of technical co-operation assistance; Resolution 6 - Early implementation of the special measures to enhance
maritime security; Resolution 7 - Establishment of appropriate measures to enhance the security of ships, port facilities,
mobile offshore drilling units on location and fixed and floating platforms not covered by chapter XI-2 of the 1974 Solas
Convention; Resolution 8 - Enhancement of security in co-operation with the International Lab our Organization; Resolution 9
- Enhancement of security in co-operation with the World Customs Organization; Resolution 10 - Early implementation of
long-range ships' identification and tracking; Resolution 11 - Human element-related aspects and shore leave for seafarers
SUA Convention. International Conference on the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of
maritime navigation (Rome 1988). 2006 edition.. Language(s): E (IMO-IA462E).
This publication reproduces the texts of the original 1988 SUA Convention and Protocol, the Final Act of the 2005
Conference, the two protocols adopted by that Conference, as we as the consolidated text of the 2005 SUA Convention, and
the consolidated text of the 2005 SUA Fixed Platforms Protocol.
International Conference on the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation
(Rome 1988). 1988 edition. (IMO-462E). Language(s) : E, F, S, A, C, R
This publication contains the text of the Final Act of the Conference as well as the texts of the two treaty instruments adopted
by the Conference, namely: - Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation (SUA), 1988
- Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the
Continental Shelf. (SUA PROT) : Adoption: Rome, 10 March 1988; Entry into force: 1 March 1992
Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation. Certified True Copy* signed on 7 February 2006. London, IMO, 2006 Language(s): E,F,S,A,C,R
Final Act of the International Conference on the revision of the SUA Treaties, 2005. Certified True Copy*
signed on 7 February 2006. London, IMO, 2006 Language(s): E,F,S,A,C,R
Protocol of 2005 of the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against Safety of fixed platforms
located on the continental shelf. Certified True Copy* signed on 7 February 2006. London, IMO, 2006
Language(s): E,F,S,A,C,R
* Certified True Copy publication is not a sales item
32
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful acts against the safety of fixed platforms located on the
continental shelf, 2006. (2005 SUA Fixed Platforms Protocol). Certified True Copy signed on 8 June 2006.
London, IMO, 2006 . Language(s): E,F,S,A,C,R
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 2005. (2005
SUA Convention. Certified True Copy signed on 8 June 2006. London, IMO, 2006. Language(s): E,F,S,A,C,R
Report on the IMO regional Seminar/Workshop on maritime security for the Caribbean Region. Nassau,
Bahamas, 15-19 September 2003. by Captain Herman Gómez – Lead IMO Maritime Security Consultant & Mr.
Alejandro Bakoczy – IMO Maritime Security Consultant. London, IMO, 2003
IMO maritime security train-the-trainer course : Course report. Tallinn, Estonia, 9-14 April 2007. London,
IMO, 2007
Work undertaken by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in an effort to prevent and combat
terrorism. In: United Nations (UN) International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Fifth Special Meeting of the
Counter-Terrorism Committee with international, regional and sub regional organizations - - Kenya (29-31
October 2007 : Nairobi).
Prevention of terrorist movement and effective border security. In: United Nations (UN) International
Maritime Organization (IMO)
Fifth Special Meeting of the Counter-Terrorism Committee with international,
regional and sub regional organizations - - Kenya (29-31 October 2007 : Nairobi).
IMO Model Courses
1.34 Automatic identification systems. (IMO-T134E)
3.19 Ship security officer. (T319E)
3.20 Company security officer (T320E)
3.21 Port facility security officer (T321E)
3.24 Security awareness training for port facility personnel with designated security duties . (IMOT324E)
Electronic Publications and Videos
Solas on CD-ROM.
ISPS Code on CD-ROM
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
ABELA, C. - Maritime security in the Mediterranean : The case of Malta. In: Lloyd's List Events
The latest
measures and standards for profitability and growth - Annual Maritime Security and Safety Summit (The 2nd : 1819 February 2004 : ). London : Lloyd's List Events, 2004
ABHYANKAR, J. – Maritime crime. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A selection of papers and
presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the practical implementation and critical evaluation of the ISPS
Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and the International Symposium on contemporary issues in maritime security, 30
August to 1 September 2004. Organized and held in Malmö, Sweden. Malmö, World Maritime University, 2005,
pp 201-244
* Certified True Copy publication is not a sales item
33
ADDICO, M.T. – Maritime security threats and responses in the West and Central African Sub-regional/Gulf of
Guinea. In: United Nations (UN) (Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea), United Nations Informal
Consultative Process on Oceans and the law of the sea, Discussion Panel: “Maritime Security and Safety”, 9th
Meeting, 23-27 June 2008. New York, UN, 2008.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON PROTECTION OF THE SEA (ACOPS) / GLOBAL LEGISLATORS
ORGANISATION FOR A BALANCED ENVIRONMENT (GLOBE) - Towards enhanced ocean security into the
third millennium : Report of the Conference (31 January - 2 February 1998 : Stockholm) . London : ACOPS,
1998
ARENDT, F. – ENGLER, M. – Using electronic seals to enhance maritime security. In: Contemporary issues in
maritime security. A selection of papers and presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the practical
implementation and critical evaluation of the ISPS Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and the International Symposium
on contemporary issues in maritime security, 30 August to 1 September 2004. Organized and held in Malmö,
Sweden. Malmö, World Maritime University, 2005, pp 287-298
ASTBURY, J. - ISM: An established management system concerned with the safe operations of ships : Maritime
security developments. In: Lloyd's List Events The latest measures and standards for profitability and growth Annual Maritime Security and Safety Summit (The 2nd : 18-19 February 2004 : ). London : Lloyd's List Events,
2004
BARBERESI, R. – Technical assistance and cooperation. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A
selection of papers and presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the practical implementation and critical
evaluation of the ISPS Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and the International Symposium on contemporary issues in
maritime security, 30 August to 1 September 2004. Organized and held in Malmö, Sweden. Malmö, World
Maritime University, 2005, pp 79-88
BATEMAN, S. - Maritime conflict prevention system : Some ideas for an action plan.
In: Institute for Ocean
Policy, Ship and Ocean Foundation (SOF) (Japan) - Geo-Agenda for the future : Securing the oceans.
International Conference, October 17-18, 2003, Tokyo. Tokyo, SOF, 2003, pp 111-120
BENNETT, S. – Challenges in implementation and enforcement : flag State perspective. In: United Nations (UN)
(Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea), United Nations Informal Consultative Process on Oceans
and the law of the sea, Discussion Panel: “Maritime Security and Safety”, 9th Meeting, 23-27 June 2008. New
York, UN, 2008.
BERGERON, S. - The application of biometrics in seafarer identification. In: Lloyd's List Events
The latest
measures and standards for profitability and growth - Annual Maritime Security and Safety Summit (The 2nd : 1819 February 2004 : ). London : Lloyd's List Events, 2004
BETTENCOURT, M. - Terrorism and oil spills : What you should know and how we should respond. In: U.S.
Coast Guard (USCG) American Petroleum Institute (API) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation
Association (IPIECA); Improving environmental protection : Progress, challenges, responsibilities - 1997
International Oil Spill Conference - USA (April 7-10, 1997 : Fort Lauderdale). Washington, D.C. : , 1997, pp 743746
BLANCO-BAZAN, A. - Prevention of terrorist movement and effective border security. In: United Nations (UN)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Fifth Special Meeting of the Counter-Terrorism Committee with
international, regional and sub regional organizations - - Kenya (29-31 October 2007 : Nairobi).
Border crossing and IMO antiterrorist measures : Legal aspects. In: United Nations (UN) International Maritime
Organization (IMO)
Fifth Special Meeting of the Counter-Terrorism Committee with international, regional and
sub regional organizations - - Kenya (29-31 October 2007 : Nairobi).
34
BOSE, I.N. – Overview of ISPS Code. In: The Indian Maritime Foundation, Proceedings of the Seminar – “The
ISPS Code – How is it working?”. (Pune – 17 March 2006). Pune, The Indian Maritime Foundation, 2006, pp 1721 (indmarfdn@eth.net )
BRADY, P. – Manning aspects of the ISPS Code. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A selection of
papers and presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the practical implementation and critical evaluation
of the ISPS Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and the International Symposium on contemporary issues in maritime
security, 30 August to 1 September 2004. Organized and held in Malmö, Sweden. Malmö, World Maritime
University, 2005, pp 23-32
BROOKS, R. / BUTTON, K.J. – Market structures and shipping security: In: International Association of Maritime
Economists (IAME), Annual IAME Conference (Limassol, Cyprus, 2005).
BURNS, G.H./MOON, S. / JETT, M.A./ASH, B. Consequence and threat : Essential elements of the maritime
security risk equation. In: API/IMO/IPIECA/MMS/NOAA/USCG/ USEPA International Oil Spill Conference IOSC
2003, (Vancouver, 6-11 April 2003).
CAMBRIDGE ACADEMY OF TRANSPORT – Countering terrorism in shipping. London, 11 December 2003.
Cambridge, Cambridge Academy of Transport, 2003.
CARR, M.W. – Maritime security : Joint service training and development of operational tactics. In: International
Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU), Annual General Assembly, No. 4, 2004. Tokyo, IAMU, 2005, pp 279284
CHARALAMBOUS, N. – Issues related to the development and implementation of the ISPS Code. In:
Contemporary issues in maritime security. A selection of papers and presentations from the WorkshopSymposium on the practical implementation and critical evaluation of the ISPS Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and
the International Symposium on contemporary issues in maritime security, 30 August to 1 September 2004.
Organized and held in Malmö, Sweden. Malmö, World Maritime University, 2005, pp 17- 22
CRYE, J.M. – Shipowners perspectives on the ISPS Code. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A
DIAZ MONCLÚS, L. – The historical antecedents of terrorism (Keynote address). In: Contemporary issues in
DOUMBIA-HENRY, C.
– Port security and the workforce. In: Seaport Security Conference, New Jersey, 10-12 June 2002. New York,
Institute for International Research (IIR) (USA), 2002
- International labour standards and decent work: Taking account of the people factor in an integrated approach
to improve maritime security and safety. In: United Nations (UN) (Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the
Sea), United Nations Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the law of the sea, Discussion Panel:
“Maritime Security and Safety”, 9th Meeting, 23-27 June 2008. New York, UN, 2008.
DUPONT, C. – The view of the European Commission on maritime security. In: International Association of Ports
and Harbours (IAPH), 24th IAPH World Ports Conference, (Shanghai, 21 – 27 May 2005). Tokyo, IAPH, 2005.
EUROMED TRANSPORT PROJECT – Training Seminar on maritime and port facility security, Malta, 24-28
January 2005.
35
FELDER, O. - Risk management and coverage issues for shipowners and their insurers. In: Lloyd's List Events
The latest measures and standards for profitability and growth - Annual Maritime Security and Safety Summit
(The 2nd : 18-19 February 2004 : ). London : Lloyd's List Events, 2004
FORBES, V.L. / ZUBIR, E.M. - Ensuring security in the Malacca Strait: Solutions offered and suggested
implementation : Paper presented at the MIMA/LIMA Conference : Security in the Straits of Malacca : Diverse
perspective in Langkawi, Malaysia, 4 - 5 December 2005, 2005
FRANKEL, E.G. – Maritime security, management, technology and impact on maritime operations and
economics. : In: International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), Annual IAME Conference (Limassol,
Cyprus, 2005)
FRANKLIN, A.S. – Prevention and suppression of transnational organized crime. In: United Nations 9th Informal
Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, New York, 23-27 June 2008 - UNICPOLOS –
Discussion Panel - Maritime security and safety. New York, UN, 2008.
FRANSON, J.
– Formulating the ISPS Code : A general background. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A selection
of papers and presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the practical implementation and critical
- The status of the implementation of the ISPS Code. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A selection of
papers and presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the practical implementation and critical evaluation
of the ISPS Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and the International Symposium on contemporary issues in maritime
security, 30 August to 1 September 2004. Organized and held in Malmö, Sweden. Malmö, World Maritime
University, 2005, pp 157-162
GAUCI, G. – Marine insurance implications of the ISPS Code. In: Contemporary issues in maritime security. A
GERMANISCHER LLOYD - Maritime security : Information on ISPS Code certification. In: Lloyd's List Events
The latest measures and standards for profitability and growth - Annual Maritime Security and Safety Summit
(The 2nd : 18-19 February 2004 : ). London : Lloyd's List Events, 2004
HENRY, C.D. – International labour standards and decent work: Taking account of the “people factor” in an
integrated approach to improve maritime security and safety. In: United Nations 9th Informal Consultative Process
on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, New York, 23-27 June 2008 - UNICPOLOS – Discussion Panel - Maritime
security and safety. New York, UN, 2008.
HESSE, H.G. Captain
– IMO activities to enhance maritime security. In: Seaport Security Conference, New Jersey, 10-12 June 2002.
New York, Institute for International Research (IIR) (USA), 2002
– The ISPS Code – How the IMO is helping the industry to adjust. In: Countering terrorism in shipping, 11
December 2003. Cambridge, Cambridge Academy of Transport, 2003
- Enhancing maritime security. In: United Nations (UN), 5th Special Meeting of the Counter-Terrorism Committee
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- Prevention of terrorist movement and effective border security. In: United Nations (UN) International Maritime
Organization (IMO)
5th Special Meeting of the Counter-Terrorism Committee with international, regional and
sub regional organizations - - Kenya (29-31 October 2007 : Nairobi).
INDIAN MARITIME FOUNDATION – The ISPS Code : How is it working? Proceedings of the Seminar, Pune, 17
March 2006, India. Pune, The Indian maritime Foundation, 2006.
INSTITUTE OF DEFENCE AND STRATEGIES STUDIES (IDSS) – A report for IDSS-NUPI Public Seminar on
maritime security in Southeast Asia. Singapore, 29 November 2005.
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INSTITUTE
– Seminar on maritime security measures for non-Solas vessels. London, 10 May 2005. Washington, D.C.,
Japan International Transport Institute, 2005.
- Transport security technology Conference. Washington, D.C., 7 December 2005. Japan International Transport
Institute 2005.
JINGJING, X. – The law and economics of maritime security : Selected issues in perspective. In: Contemporary
issues in maritime security. A selection of papers and presentations from the Workshop-Symposium on the
practical implementation and critical evaluation of the ISPS Code, 11 – 15 August 2003 and the International
Symposium on contemporary issues in maritime security, 30 August to 1 September 2004. Organized and held in
Malmö, Sweden. Malmö, World Maritime University, 2005, pp 319-332
KARPEN, U. Dr. / LUKIC, D. / HEINZE, S. (Eds) – Maritime security : Current problems in the Baltic Sea.
Conference in cooperation with the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, May 9 – 11, 2007. Baden
Baden, Nomos, 2008. (ISBN 978-3-8329-3710-2)
KAYE, S. (Prof.)
– Overview of threats to maritime security and their impacts. In: United Nations (UN) (Division for Ocean Affairs
and the Law of the Sea), United Nations Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the law of the sea,
Discussion Panel: “Maritime Security and Safety”, 9th Meeting, 23-27 June 2008. New York, UN, 2008.
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Oceans and the Law of the Sea, New York, 23-27 June 2008 - UNICPOLOS – Discussion Panel - Maritime
KASSAR, A.C. / BALLBA, A. – Role of information security in maritime security enhancement. In: International
Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU), Annual General Assembly, No. 4, 2004. Tokyo, IAMU, 2005, pp 269277
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United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee- Best Practices
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major step forward in the fight against transnational organized crime and signifies the recognition of UN Member States that
this is a serious and growing problem that can only be solved through close international cooperation. The Convention,
concluded at the 10th session of the Ad Hoc Committee established by the General Assembly to deal with this problem, is a
legally binding instrument committing States that ratify it to taking a series of measures against transnational organized
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non-proliferation and global efforts against terrorism
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International Crime Prevention
46
A/RES/58/174 (10/03/2004)
A/RES/58/187 (22/03/2004)
terrorism
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A/RES/59/153 (20/12/2004)
Strengthening international cooperation and technical assistance in
promoting the implementation of the universal conventions and protocols
related to terrorism within the framework of the activities of the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
A/RES/59/191 (10/03/2005)
terrorism
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A/RES/60/73 (11/01/2006)
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terrorism
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terrorism
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A/RES/62/159 (11/03/2008)
terrorism
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The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
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A/RES/63/185 (03/03/2009)
terrorism
A/RES/64/118 (15/01/2010)
A/RES/64/168 (22/01/2010)
terrorism
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47
A/RES/64/235 (14/01/2010
Institutionalization of the counter-terrorism implementation task force
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A/RES/65/221 (2011)
terrorism
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On the responsibility of the Security Council in the maintenance of international
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OTHER PUBLICATIONS
ACHARYA, A. – Maritime terrorist threat in Southeast Asia. In: Guan, C.K. / Skogan, J.K. (Eds) – Maritime
security in Southeast Asia, Abingdon, (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 78-94
ADOLF NG, K.Y. - Port security and competitiveness of short-sea shipping in Europe: Implications and
challenges. In: Bichou, K.; Bell, M.G.H.; Evans, A. Risk management in port operations, logistics and supply
chain security. London : Informa, 2007, 347-366
AHLSTROM, J., Vessel security officer, Cornell Maritime Press, 2006 (ISBN 978-0-87033-570-9)
AKIYAMA, M. – Regional maritime security and safety engagements: A Japanese perspective. In: Ho, J. (Ed.) –
Realising safe and secure seas for all : International Maritime Security Conference 2009, Singapore, Select
Publishing et al, 2009, pp 89-98.
ALANI, M. – Toward a comprehensive maritime security arrangement in the Gulf. In: Laipson, E. / Pandya, A.
(Eds) - The Indian Ocean : resource and governance challenges. Washington, D.C., The Henry L. Stimson
Center, 2009, pp 31-42
ALDERTON, P. – Port management and operations. 2nd ed. London, Lloyd’s of London Press, 2005 (ISBN 183411-422-4)
ALEXANDER, Y. / NANES, A.S. (Eds.)Publishers, 1986 (ISBN : 90-247-3213-1)
Legislative responses to terrorism. Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff
ALLAN, T. – Overview of IMO maritime security proposals. In: Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) Singapore Maritime and Port Journal 2003, pp 95-108 (ISSN 0219-1555)
ALLEN, C.H.
– The international supply chain security regime and the role of competent international organizations. In:
Nordquist, M.H. (Eds) et al – Legal challenges in maritime security, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2008, pp
165-254
- Maritime counterproliferation operations and the rules of law. Westport (USA), Praeger Security International,
2007 (ISBN 978-0-275-99698-7)
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PORT AUTHORITIES (AAPA)
- Seaport security : Position paper of AAPA, 2002
- USCG issues clarification to regulations on maritime identification credentials, 2002
- Port security updates
49
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING (ABS)
– Class to play key role in application of new security code. In : Activities, April 2003, p. 4
- Ship security
- US Maritime security regulations finalized (October 2003)
- Guide to ship security. Houston, (TX), ABS, 2003
- Ship security and ISPS Code Security Bulletin.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL SECURITY (ISIS)- Maritime security manual. Arlington (MA) : ASIS,
1994
ANDERSON, N. – Get a move on : Shipowners and managers should take immediate action to ensure their
vessels comply with the ISPS Code by 1 July 2004. In: Ocean Voice, October-December 2003, pp 18-21.
ANSTEY, F. – The fast track to ISPS Code and national security regulation implementation and the implications
for marine educators. In: Maritime security and MET. Southampton, Wit Press, 2005, pp 159-168
ANTONY, D. – Scanning the world for the best security solutions. In: The Baltic and International Maritime
Council (BIMCO), BIMCO Review 2005, London, Book Production Consultants Plc, pp 179-181
ANWARY, N. – The doctrine of seaworthiness in the context of the ISPS Code and the relevant amendments to
SOLAS 1974. In: Maritime security and MET. Southampton, Wit Press, 2005, p 255
AON NETHERLANDS – Port facility security toolkit. (Especially made for port authorities, port facilities and
international operating companies).
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC) - APEC leader's statement on recent acts of terrorism in
APEC member economies, Los Cabos, Mexico, 26 October 2002
AUST, A. - Handbook of international law. Reprinted 2006. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2005 (ISBN
: 0-521-53034-2)
AUSTEN, C. – Introduction to maritime security and the ISPS Code. In, Lloyd’s Maritime Academy, Background
to shipping : A comprehensive overview of the structure and framework of the maritime industry. (London, 7 – 11
March 2005). London, Lloyd’s Maritime Academy, 2005
AUSTRALIAN APEC STUDY CENTRE – Symposium Report - Proceedings of the symposium of maritime
experts to assist in implementation of the secure trade in the APEC Region (STAR) initiative. (Melbourne,
Australia, 18-20 June 2003). Report prepared by Ian W. Porter.
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT – DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE – Combating terrorism in
the transport sector. Economic costs and benefits. 2004. ISBN 1-920959-00-9)
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT – OFFICE OF TRANSPORT SECURITY
– Maritime transport security Regulations 2003
- Combating terrorism in the transport sector : Economic costs and benefits. 2004 (ISBN 1-920959-00-9)
- Guide to Preparing a Maritime Security Plan for Port Operators
- Guide to Preparing a Maritime Security Plan for Port Facility Operators
- Guide to Preparing a Maritime Security Plan for Port Service Providers
50
- Guide to Preparing a Ship Security Plan
- IMO ISPS Code Information
- IMO ISPS Code and Australia’s Response to Maritime Security (Power Point Slide Show)
- March deadline for submission of Maritime Security Assessments and Security Plans. Requirement for self
identification; Application forms for the approval of security plans
- Maritime Risk Context Statement
- Maritime Security Assessment Guidance Paper
- Preparing Maritime Security Plan
- Preparing Ship Security Plans
AUSTRALIAN STRATEGIC POLICY INSITUTE (ASPI) – Future unknown : The terrorist threat to Australian
maritime security. 19 April 2005.
BAHAROM SHAH – S. – An overview of the recent US and IMO maritime security measures. In: Maritime
Institute of Malaysia (MIMA) Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2003, pp 2-6.
BALBAA, A. – Protecting seafarer’s rights. The need to review the implementation of the ISPS Code. In: Maritime
security and MET. Southampton, Wit Press, 2005, pp245-252
BALKIN, R. – The International Maritime Organization and maritime security. In Tulane Maritime Law Journal,
Vol. 30, Winter/Summer 2006, Nos. 1&2, pp 1-34.
BALTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COUNCIL (BIMCO)
-Costs, sanctions and security 1997. Bagsvaerd (Denmark) : BIMCO, 1997 (ISBN : 87-90342-07-0)
-The shipmaster's security manual. Bagsvaerd (Denmark) : BIMCO, 1998
-Maritime security : Piracy, stowaways and drug smuggling. (Special Bulletin). London : Stroudgate plc, 1998
(ISBN 1-900521-51-2)
- ISPS Clause for Time Charter Parties
- ISPS Clause for Voyage Charter Parties
BALTIC EXCHANGE – IMO : The law : The international Maritime Organisation (IMO) has agreed a raft of
measures to bolster ship security. In : The Baltic, June 2002, pp 74-75.
BAND, J. (Admiral) – Regional maritime security and safety engagements ; A European perspective. In: Ho, J.
(Ed.) – Realising safe and secure seas for all : International Maritime Security Conference 2009, Singapore,
Select Publishing et al, 2009, pp. 69-74
BANLAOI, R.C. – Maritime security threats in post 9/11 Southeast Asia: Regional responses. In: Herbert-Burns,
R./Bateman, S./ Lehr, P. (Eds) – Lloyd’s MIU handbook of maritime security. Boca Raton (Florida,USA), Taylor &
Francis, 2009, pp. 253-270
BARSAN, E. – The ship security officer. A new challenge for maritime education. In: Maritime security and MET.
Southampton, Wit Press, 2005, pp 115-124
51
BASSETT, T – New security measures in mariner credential. In: USCG - Proceedings of the Marine Safety
Council, Maritime homeland security, Vol., 60/No.2, April-June 2003, pp 27-28
BATEMAN, S.
- Building good order at sea in Southeast Asia: the promise of international regimes. In: Guan, C.K. / Skogan,
J.K. (Eds) – Maritime security in Southeast Asia, Abingdon, (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 97-116
– Maritime security : A new environment following September 11. In: Australian APEC Study Centre,
Proceedings of the symposium of maritime experts to assist in implementation of the secure trade in the APEC
Region (STAR) initiative. Melbourne, 18-20 June 2003, Australia. pp 9-17
- ASEAN and additional maritime security. International Relations and Security Network, News, 9 May 2007.
- Navies and the maintenance of good order in peacetime. In: Tan, A.T.H. (Ed.)
: A survey. London : Routledge, 2007, pp 95-114
The politics of maritime power
BATEMAN, S. – Piracy and maritime security in East Asia. East Asia Forum. 10 February 2011.
BATEMAN, S. / BATES, S. (Eds.)
- Regional maritime management and security. Canberra (Australia) : Australian National University, 1998 (ISBN
: 0-7315-2730-5)
-Calming the waters: Initiatives for Asia Pacific maritime cooperation. Canberra (Australia): The Australian
National University, 1996 (ISBN : 0-7315-2425-X)
-The seas unite: Maritime cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region. Canberra (Australia): Strategic and Defence
Studies Centre, 1996 (ISBN : 0-7315-2535-3)
-Shipping and regional security. Canberra (Australia): Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, 1998 (Canberra
Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 129) (ISBN : 0-7315-2747-X)
- Outlook: The new threat of maritime terrorism. : Lehr, P. (Ed.), Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global
terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 241-258
BECKMAN, R.C. – Terrorism, maritime security and the law of the sea : Challenges and prospects. In: Maritime
and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) - Singapore Maritime and Port Journal 2003, pp 109-116 (ISSN 02191555)
BECKMAN, R. – The lawfulness of military activities in the exclusive economic zone under the 1982 United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. In: Ho, J. (Ed.) – Realising safe and secure seas for all : International
Maritime Security Conference 2009, Singapore, Select Publishing et al, 2009, pp. 127-138
BELL, M.G.H. / HOSSEINLOO, S.H. / KANTURSKA, U. (Ed.) - Security and environmental sustainability of
multimodal transport : Springer, 2010. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series- C: Environmental Security)
(ISBN 978-90-41-8562-7)
BENAMARA, H. / ASARIOTIS, R. – ISPS Code implementation in ports: Costs and related financing. In: Bichou,
K. / Bell, M.G.H. / Evans, A. (Eds) – Risk management in port operations, logistics and supply chain security,
London, Informa, 2007, pp 281-302
BENG, T.W. (Admiral) – Enhancing maritime security through Singapore’s Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF).
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Singapore, Select Publishing et al, 2009, pp. 186-196
BENTON, G. – Multicultural crews and the culture of globalization. In: Maritime security and MET. Southampton,
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BIANCHI, A. (Ed.) / NAQVI, Y. (Ass. Ed) - Enforcing international law norms against terrorism. Hart Publishing,
2004. (ISBN 1-84113-430-9)
BICHOU, K/ EVANS, A. – Maritime security and regulatory risk-based models: Review and critical analysis. In:
Bichou, K. / Bell, M.G.H. / Evans, A. (Eds) – Risk management in port operations, logistics and supply chain
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BISHOP, O. – A “secure” package? Maritime cargo container security after 9/11. In: Transportation Law Journal,
Vol. 29/PT 3, pp 323-332, 2004
BIST, D.S. - Safety and security at sea : A guide to safer voyages. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000
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BLANCO-BAZAN, A. – Suppression unlawful acts: IMO incursion in the field of criminal law. In: Mensah, T.A.,
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BONNER, R.C.
– Next steps in securing the supply chain: “Smart containers” and more in 2004. In: The Baltic and International
Maritime Council (BIMCO) – BIMCO Review 2004, pp 80-82. Bagsvaerd, BIMCO, 2004
- From cold war to war on terror: Security and facilitation of global trade in the post-9/11 era. In: The Baltic and
International Maritime Council (BIMCO), BIMCO Review 2005, London, Book Production Consultants Plc, pp
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BRADFORD, J.F – The growing prospects for maritime security cooperation in Southeast Asia. In: Naval War
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BROWNING, D.
– U.S. Customs’ Trade security strategy : A layered approach. In: Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
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Geneva, UN, 2003, pp 169-178.
BRUNNING, N.A. – ISPS and its impact on the port and shipping industry. In: ISO – International Ship Operator,
Edition 03, 2003, pp 27-29
BURMESTER, C. – International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. The perceptions and reality of
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BYMAN, D.L. / WISE, J.R. - The Persian Gulf in the coming decade. Trends, threats and opportunities, RAND,
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CAMPBELL, T. / CELLUCCI, R.V. / WELLMAN, T. – Estimation and allocation of security costs at the Ports of
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CANT, D. – Maritime and supply chain security in Europe. In: Shahbazian, E. / Rogova, G. (Eds) – Human
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CARAFANO, J.J. – Making the sea safer : A national agenda for maritime security and counterterrorism. In:
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CARMEL, S.M. - Globalisation, security, and economic wellbeing. In:
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CATER, N. – Long Range Identification and Tracking. In: The Journal of Ocean Technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2009,
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CELIK, M. / TOPCU, Y.I. – Assessment of ISPS Code compliance at ports using cognitive maps. In: Weintrit, A.
(Ed.), Marine navigation and safety of sea transportation, London, CRC Press, 2009, pp 771-774
CHALK, P.
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CHARALAMBOUS, N. / CHRYSOSTOMOU, A. – Security issues and the ISPS Code. In: Lloyd’s List Events,
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CHRISTOPHERSEN, J.G. – Satellite-based tracking of ships as global crime control: ISPS Code, AIS, SSAS and
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CHIA, D. – Navies and maritime security : A republic of Singapore navy perspective. In: Nordquist, M.H. et al
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CHIGINSKY, T. – The current state of maritime security training: New approaches to learning. In: The Journal of
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COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS – USA - America still unprepared : America still in danger : Report of an
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COUTO, A. – A.M.S. (Automated Manifest System) and the new U.S. security concerns. In: The Institute of
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CRAIG, A.W./SEHER, J.F. – U.S. Maritime Transportation and port security : An update and analysis of current
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CROSS, L. – The need for vessel security officer training. In: USCG - Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council,
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ROTHERDAM MARITIME GROUP
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66
ROSENBERG, D. – Dire straits : Competing security priorities on the South China Sea. ZNet, 13 April 2005.
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SASAKAWA PEACE FOUNDATION (SPF) - A new order in maritime security - Seminar (15 May 2012 : London)
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- Improving security for international liner shipping, 2002
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VIDEOS
VIDEOTEL MARITIME INTERNATIONAL – Shipboard security. A training course for the ship security officer.
(ISPS Code) . Training of ships' personnel in security responsibilities, threat assessments and possible defensive
measures is crucial amongst the policies that have to be considered. Videotel is harnessing its considerable
resources and expertise to help you meet your responsibilities in an efficient and cost-effective way.
MARITIME TRATINING SERVICES – Security now: Ship security officer guide to ISPS. Each of the 4 programs
in the Security NOW! Series looks at an important element in the security planning process. The entire package
provides critical guidance to the Ship Security Officer (SSO).
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USEFUL ADDRESSES
Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO)
Bagsvaerdvej 161, DK-2880, Bagsvaerd,
Copenhagen, Denmark,
Tel : +45 44444500
Fax : +45 44444450
Security (piracy, drug smuggling, stowaways) SCIA, MOU
Tel.: +45 4436 6860
European Sea Ports Association (ESPO)
Avenue Michel-Ange 68, B-100 – Brussels
Belgium
Tel.: +32 2 736 3463
ICC International Maritime Bureau
Maritime House
1 Linton Road
Barking IG11 8HG
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 20 8591 3000
ICC International Maritime Bureau
Piracy Reporting Center at Kuala Lumpur
16.03A Wisma Nusantara
Jalan Punchak
50250 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Tel : +60 3 238 5769
Fax : +60 3 2101 0014
Anti Piracy Helpline Numbers
Tel + 603 238 5763
Institute of South East Asian Studies
30 Heng Mui Terrace
Pasir Panjang
Singapore 119614
Tel.: +65 6778 0955
International Association of Airport and Seaport Police (IAASP)
Office of the Secretariat
111, B3-1410 Parkway Boulevard
Coquitlam, British Columbia V3E 3J7
Canada
Tel.: +1 604 945 6320
International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)
6th Floor
36 Broadway
London SW1H 0BH
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 20 7976 0660
73
International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO)
PO Box 5804
Majorstua
0308 Oslo
Norway
Tel.: +47 22 122640
UK Office
The Baltic Exchangfe
38 St. Mary Axe
London EC3A
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 207 369 1649
International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH)
5th Floor, North Tower New Pier Takeshiba
1-11-1 Kaigan
Minato-ku
Tokyo 105-0022
Japan
International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)
38 St. Mary Axe
London EC3A 8BH
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 207 417 8400
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)
5 Boulevard du Roi Albert II, Bte 1
Brussels - B-1210
Belgium
Tel.. : +32 02 224 0211
International Chamber of Shipping Limited (ICS)
Carthusian Court
12 Carthusian Street
London EC1M 6EB
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)20 7417 8844
International Transport Workers Federation (ITF)
ITF House
49-60 Borough Road
London SE1 1DS
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 207 403 2733
Interpol
General Secretariat
200, quai Charles de Gaulle
69006 Lyon
France
74
Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)
Seafarer’s Training and Certification Branch
Spring Place
105 Commercial Road
Southampton SO15 1EG
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44 (23) 8032 9231
Maritime Security Council
Scientist’s Cliffs
Port Republic
Maryland 20676-2600
United States
Tel.: +1 410 586 9200
Maritime Training Services
2633 Eastlake Ave. E. #302
Seattle, WA 98102 USA
United States
Tel.: +1 206.467.8458
Norwegian Shipwoners’ Association
PO Box 1452 Vika
NO-0116 Oslo
Tel.: +47 22 40 1500
United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP)
Vienna International Centre
PO Box 500
A-1400 Vienna
Austria
Tel.: +43 1 260600
Proceedings Magazine
United States Coast Guard
National Maritime Centre
4200 Wilson Blvd., Suite 790
Arlington, VA 22203-1804
United States of America
Videotel Marine International
Ramillies House
1/2 Ramillies Street
London W1V 1DF
United Kingdon
Tel.: +44 20 7439 6301
75
INTERNET RESOURCES
American Association of Ports Authorities (AAPA) – Increase security funding vital to protect US ports.
Criticism of Port Security Grant Program ‘misses the mark.
Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) – Maritime security
Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) – General and ISPS
Chittagong Port Authority (Bangladesh) – ISPS Code.
Coalition for Secure Ports (USA) – Proposal to improve port security
Department of Immigration and Citizenship (Australia). Maritime Crew Visa.
Electronic Private Information Center (EPIC) Counter-terrorism bills and proposals
EU NAVFOR
European Sea Ports Organization (ESPO)
- Directive Proposal on enhancing port security. Position of ESPO, 14 March 2004.
– Response of ESPO to the Draft report of the European Parliament. Directive Proposal on enhancing port
security
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) – The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s efforts to protect the nation’s
seaports. March 2006.
ICC Commercial Crime Services
ICS ISPS Code Checklist
International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO) : Maritime Security
International Association of Maritime Security Professionals (IAMSP)
International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) – Port security
International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL)
International Crisis Group
International Labour Organization : Maritime and port security
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINS) – Hazardous sea. Maritime Sector Vulnerable to
Devastating Terrorist Attacks. April 1, 2004.
The Library of Congress (USA) – Terrorism – General sites on terrorism.
Lloyd’s Register ClassDirect Live – SeeThreat –SeeThreat is a web service from the Lloyd’s Register Group
that continually scans the news networks and provides you with specific maritime security information so that you
76
can make critical security decisions cost-effectively. SeeThreat filters this information for the locations and threat
levels you choose.
Maritime and Coastguard Agency (UK) - Maritime Security Branch
Maritime Security Bulletin : News, Conferences, magazine.
Maritime Security Centre – Horn of Africa MSC (HOA)
f
Maritime Security Council
Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (Japan) - Maritime Security Level : What is the law for the
security of ships and port facilities? And Table of the port facilities with approved security plans
Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation Maritime Security Service.
NATO Shipping Centre
New Zealand Maritime Security Overview – Maritime Security Act
The ongoing threat to cruise ships : STRATFOR, 13 December 2005
Operation Active Endeavour - NATO is conducting anti terrorism operation Active Endeavour in the
Mediterranean. The operation is aimed at protecting Merchant vessels against attacks by terrorists.
Operation Unified Protectors Arms Embargo - Supported by the NATO Shipping Centre (NSC), NATO is
conducting this operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in a determined but very progressive way and intends to
minimize the disturbances caused to legitimate merchant shipping
PlanetData – The security news network. Maritime security
Political Terrorism Database : Geographic areas
“Port security”. Essential documents and links. International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH)
Sea-Sentinel. Provides information needed to comply with the ISPS Code and enables to evaluate quickly
potential risks to vessel or cargo. Up-to-date information on news and events affecting port conditions, all of
which are searchable by port, country and region, as well as risk indicators at country level with analyses of
internal and external threats – provides details of port and terminal facilities worldwide.
SURTIMAR - Sûreté Navale Maritime & Portuaire - Le cauchemar du pétrolier transformé en Kuala Lumpur
de l'envoyé spécial du Monde. "Vous n'avez pas besoin de fonds mais seulement de courage pour monter à
bord, placer votre arme sur la tempe du pilote, afin de le forcer à enclencher le pilotage automatique dans la
direction choisie, enfermer l'équipage et quitter le bateau", explique Noël Chong, responsable régional du Bureau
maritime international (BMI). Une telle "bombe à retardement", dit-il, ne nécessite ni financement ni commando
suicide.
Terrorism Research Centre, Inc
United Kingdom Department for Transport – Maritime Security
United States Coast Guard Port Security Directorate
U.S. Department States – Country reports on terrorism 2004
United States – State Department, Preventing and Combating Terrorism
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United States Maritime Security Expo
United States Mission to the European Union
 Response to terrorism

Container Security Initiative / Port Security
World Customs Organization – Security and facilitation of the international supply chain.
ARTICLES FROM THE PRESS
LEGAL PERIODICALS
For a list of articles up to December 2007 click here for previous edition
KLEIN, N. - The right of visit and the 2005 Protocol on the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety o
maritime navigation. In: Denver Journal of International Law and Policy Vol. 35/No. 2, 2007, pp 287-332
JOSHUA HO, 'The International Maritime Organisation - Littoral state meetings on enhancing the safety, security and
environmental protection of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore' - MARITIME STUDIES, Jan/Feb 2007 (No.152) , pp 16-21
TIM LYNCH, 'Canadian maritime security: from the Navy on patrol to the police on the beat' - MARITIME STUDIES, Jan/Feb
2007 (No.152) , pp 22-26
PROFESSOR MARTIN TSAMENYI, MARY ANN PALMA, 'Legal considerations in the implementation of long-range
identification and tracking systems for vessels' - THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW, Jan/Feb 2007
(Vol.13, No.1) , pp 42-55
NICHOLAS A. ROBINSON, 'Terrorism's unintended casualties - Implications for environmental law in the USA and abroad' ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LAW, March 2007 (Vol.37, Nos.2-3) , pp 125-141
NICHOLAS A. ROBINSON, 'Terrorism's unintended casualties - Implications for environmental law in the USA and abroad' ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LAW, March 2007 (Vol.37, Nos.2-3) , pp 125-141
STUART KAYE, 'International measures to protect oil platforms, pipelines and submarine cables from attack' - TULANE
MARITIME LAW JOURNAL, Summer 2007 (Vol.31, No.2) , pp 7-423
DR REGINA ASARIOTIS, HASSIBA BENAMARA, 'The costs of implementing the ISPS Code' - THE JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW, May/June 2007 (Vol.13, No.3) , pp 206-208
LLEW RUSSELL, 'Australia looks at the possibility of an alternative cargo reporting regime' - MARITIME STUDIES, May/June
2007 (No.154) , pp 24-27
'Milestone agreement reached on Cooperation over the Straits of Malacca and Singapore'. "A new framework, in which the
littoral States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore can work together with the international maritime community to
enhance navigational safety, security and environmental protection in the Straits, has been formally agreed." - MARITIME
STUDIES, July/August 2007 (No.155) , pp 33-34
LYNCH, T. Challenges confronting Canada in Maritime Security: An Interview with Rear Admiral Roger Girouard (Canadian
Forces, Ret'd)'. "Canada's National Security infrastructure has had to adjust to new realities in a post 9/11 world. Two high
profile cases are demanding conflicting policies in managing the nation's security. After a decade of neglect, Canada is
beginning to invest in its military forces, in large part due to the country's role in Afghanistan. Challenges confronting Canada
in Maritime Security: An Interview with Rear Admiral Roger Girouard (Canadian Forces, Ret'd)." - MARITIME STUDIES,
September/October 2007 (No.156) , pp 1-5
PERMAL, S. Trafficking in the Strait of Malacca'. "The threat to maritime security in the Strait of Malacca includes nontraditional security issues that have an impact on the development and stability of a nation and even mankind. Non-traditional
threats posed by non-state actors have always been a major concern to Malaysia as they will invariably impact on Malaysia's
78
national interests. These threats include the trafficking of humans, arms, narcotics and consumer goods in the Straits of
Malacca." - MARITIME STUDIES, September/October 2007 (No.156) , pp 6-13
Maritime terrorism: The threat from small vessels'. "A terrorist attack on a merchant ship or port containing a 'high
consequence' cargo would have untold human and economic consequences to Australia. The failure to regulate or monitor
the small vessels that would probably be involved in an attack requires recognition and action. Incremented counter-terrorist
policies are not able to provide the required level of security. " - MARITIME STUDIES, November/December 2007 (No.157) ,
pp 1-13
The role of private security companies in securing the Malacca Strait'. "In the past few years, an increasing number of Private
Security Companies (PSCs - also sometimes referred to as private Military Companies, PMCs) has emerged and is offering
and conducting maritime security services in the Malacca Strait. These companies offer services in addition to security
provided by the littoral states and their government agencies. This paper explores the role of private companies in securing
vessels, ports and offshore energy installations in the Malacca Strait and suggests that current national regulation and
oversight of PSCs operating in this area is insufficient and needs improvement."
- MARITIME STUDIES,
November/December 2007 (No.157) , pp 14-22
Maritime security in the European Union - empirical findings on financial implications for port facilities'. "To address the
maritime security issue, the IMO Diplomatic Conference adopted in December 2002 the International Ship and Port Facility
Security (ISPS) Code. The European Union fully agreed with its contents; Regulation (EC) No. 725/2004 transposes in
Community Law the associated rules, which came into force on 1 July 2004. " - MARITIME POLICY AND MANAGEMENT,
October 2007 (Vol. 34 No.5) , pp 485-499
LOBSINGER, E.J. - Post-9/11 Security in Post-WWII World: The Question of Compatibility of Maritime Security Efforts
with Trade Rules and International Law. TULANE MARITIME LAW JOURNAL, Winter 2007, pp 61-130
BUZAWA, A.D. - Cruising with Terrorism: Jurisdictional Challenges to The Control of Terrorism in The Cruising
Industry. TULANE MARITIME LAW JOURNAL, Winter 2007, pp 181-202
MARCOPOULOS, A.J. - Flags of Terror: An Argument for Rethinking Maritime Security Policy Regarding Flags of
Convenience. TULANE MARITIME LAW JOURNAL, Winter 2007, pp 277-312
FLORESTAL, M. - Terror on the high seas : The trade and development implications of U.S. national security
measures. In: Brooklyn Law Review Vol. 72/Part 2, 2007, pp 385-447
HARRIGNTON, C.A. - Heightened security: The need to incorporate Articles 2bis(1)(A) and 8BIS(5)(E) of the
2005 draft SUA Protocol into Part VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. In:
Pacific Rim
Law and Policy Journal Vol. 16/Part 1, 2007, pp 107-136
XU KE, H. The Indonesian New Maritime Security Proposal'. "Indonesian Defense Minister Professor Juwono Sudarsono
called for stronger cooperation in maritime security with China and Japan in his speech at the sixth Shangri-la Dialogue,
which was held in Singapore on 1-3 june 2007. Professor Sudarsono's speech reflected the new development of Indonesian
maritime security policy. His speech covered three issues: the dominance of the United States in maritime security
cooperation; the stronger roles of China and Japan in maritime security issues; and the notion of comprehensive security." MARITIME STUDIES, January/February 2008 (No.158) , pp 25-26
LRIT Regulation is now in force'. "The IMO Maritime Safety Committee Resolution MSC 202(81) on Adoption of Amendments
to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, which establishes SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19-1 on
long-range identification and tracking of ships (LRIT), entered into force on 1 January 2008. The LRIT regulation was
introduced to SOLAS in May 2006 as a mandatory requirement for SOLAS ships and mobile offshore drilling units." MARITIME STUDIES, January/February 2008 (No.158) , pp 33-34
BORDAHANDY, P-J. and FORREST, C. ‘Maritime security and maritime law in Australia’. “ This article reviews
the major international initiatives, particularly those initiated by the IMO and the World Customs Organisation
which address maritime security, and considers how Australia has implemented these international regimes.”
THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW, March – April 2008 (Vol.14 Issue 2), pp 162-179
KHALID, N. 'Protecting port cities and communities from security threats'. "'Veins of goodness, love and grace /
Intertwine through sacred space' (Joyce Brinkman). To the romantics, the sublime phrase conjured by Joyce Brinkman,
Indiana's poet Laureate, is aptly descriptive of port cities and coastal communities. However, it only tells half the story
about these complex dwelling places and their communities." - MARITIME STUDIES, May/June 2008 (pp 27-29)
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FREVOLA, M.J., KAPPATOU, A. and NOLAN, Ch. ‘Rule E(7) counter-security in the US – a new trend in Rule B
maritime attachments’. “The recognition of Rule B of the Supplemental Rules as an extraordinary remedy in
relation to maritime attachments, and thus the extent to which this rule has been applied over the last period
following the decision in Winter Storm Shipping has led to the frequent employment of Rule E(7)(s) of the
Supplemental Rules as the only equivalent countermeasure.” INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW, May/June
2008 (Vol.14 Issue 3), pp 260-263
PEPPETTI, J.D. - Building the global maritime security network : A multinational legal structure to combat
transnational threats. In: Naval Law Review, 2008, pp 74-156
GERMOND, B. / SMITH, M.E. - Re-thinking European security interests and the ESDP: Explaining the EU's
antipiracy operation. In: Contemporary Security Policy Vol. 30/No. 2, 2009, pp 573-593
GIBSON, J. - Maritime security and international law in Africa. In:
2009, pp 60-70
African Security Review Vol. 18/Issue 3,
RAHMAN, C. / TSAMENYI, M. – A strategic perspective on security and naval issues in the South China Sea. OCEAN
DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol. 41, pp 315-333, 2010.
BATEMAN, S. - Maritime policy in the Indo-Pacific region : Ship vulnerability issues. In:
Management Vol. 37/Part 7, Dec 2010, pp 737-751
Maritime Policy and
KIM, M / PARK, H. - China's maritime security policy in the Indian Ocean: Assessment and implication for Korea.
In: International Journal of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Vol. 3/Issue 1, Jun 2011, pp 49-68
TECHNICAL/TRADE PERIODICALS
“Please note that the list below only reflects the articles published in the last 12 months. A complete list is
available on request.”
2011
Wave of attacks hits shipping off Nigeria “Nigeria’s offshore oil industry suffered a series of armed attacks
towards the end of the year, in one of which a seafarer was shot. Early on 22 November, a group of 10 armed
men boarded the 46,491dwt product tanker NS Spirit about 30nm off Lagos, owner Novoship reported. Its statement
noted: ‘The intruders opened fire with automatic weapons. The crew managed to hide themselves in a shelter. Since
the pirates left the vessel no attempts to attack the tanker again have been registered.’” SAFETY AT SEA
INTERNATIONAL, January 2011, p 13
Seafarers seized in robbery off Nigeria are set free - By David Osler "Three Filipino seafarers taken hostage earlier
this week after a robbery on board a combination tanker off the coast of Nigeria were freed on Wednesday, according
to a statement from the vessel’s Greek managers. It is unclear whether a ransom has been paid. The 2009-built,
39,999 dwt Dominia was en route from Ghent to Lagos at the time of the incident, laden with 39,175 cu m of unleaded
gasoline. Millenia Maritime has confirmed media reports that a criminal gang had boarded the ship in the early hours of
Tuesday, abducting three men in the process and heading towards the shore in one of the vessel’s lifeboats. The
mariners where returned yesterday and all 22 crew members were safe and well, it added." LLOYD’S LIST, 13 January
2011, p 2
Dutch report finds ships need armed guards - By Julian Macqueen "A report commissioned by the Dutch
government has recommended that accredited armed guards should be allowed on board vulnerable Dutch-flagged
ships. “Our recommendations are an expression of the principle,” said Mark Waanders, secretary of the committee of
Peace and Security at the Advisory Council on International Affairs, which produced the report. The public and private
sectors should work together to turn the recommendations into workable solutions, he told Lloyd’s List. The report
identifies a range of issues, such as rules of engagement, use of violence and the way incidents are recorded."
LLOYD’S LIST, 19 January 2011, p 2
Biometric identity card system mired in delays - By David Osler "Biometric identification for seafarers has been on
shipping’s regulatory agenda ever since September 11, 2001, when the US fast-tracked it through the International
Labour Organisation with no votes against. But it appears in retrospect that getting agreement in principle was the easy
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bit. At the time of writing, just 18 nations had signed up to Seafarers’ Identity Documents Convention (Revised) 2003,
colloquially known as ILO 185. All that such a system is being asked to do is to convert fingerprints into a biometric
template which will then be encoded into a bar code on the seafarer’s identity document, known as an SID. Thus all
seafarers will be issued with a unique personal identification proof that can be used all over the world." LLOYD’S LIST,
27 January 2011, p 4
Slow steaming offsets security toll "The steep cost of placing armed guards on board ships running through the Gulf
of Aden can be partially offset by the savings made by operating at a slower speed, according to Anglo-Eastern Ship
Management managing director Ashok Prasad. Some shipowners have called for guards to join ships at Port Louis,
Mauritius or Sri Lanka on westbound voyages and in Suez or Djibouti on the eastbound route and stay on board for
about five days." FAIRPLAY, 27 January 2011, p 20
Protection of a higher calibre "A film that can be applied to the inside of ships’ windows will make them bullet proof,
according to UK company Idarat Protection, following ballistic tests. The protective system, dubbed Water Dragon
Clear Composite, is applied by trained technicians and can be done in about 48 hours, either during a normal port call
or by a riding crew." FAIRPLAY, 27 January 2011, p 26
Shippers blast Brussels over box security - By Gavin van Marle "Shippers serving Europe have criticised the
European Union’s new container security regulations introduced at the beginning of the month as having caused
confusion among carriers and their customers. Under EU Regulation 1875/2006, since January 1 all container shipping
lines bringing goods into the customs area of the EU have been required to lodge an entry summary declaration (ENS)
with the customs authority of the destination EU port at least 24 hours before the cargo is loaded at the non-European
port. However, reports from shipper bodies suggested some lines have extended that time-frame to as much as five
days before loading, which they claimed included providing information before the shipper was in possession of it."
Bristol is leading the way in Port Security Regulations 2009 - By Roger Hailey "West coast port Bristol - currently
planning a 1.5m teu container terminal - is leading the way on port security, being the only UK maritime facility so far to
have met the requirements of the Port Security Regulations 2009. A spokesperson for the UK’s Department for
Transport confirmed: “Bristol is the only ‘pilot’ port to be designated under the Port Security Regulations 2009. “The
remaining UK ports at which the regulations will apply will be designated in two tranches. Planned completion for the
first tranche is end of 2012 and the second at the end of 2013.” Port of Bristol Co chief executive Simon Bird echoes
the thoughts of many in the UK ports industry, who thought the 2002 International Ship and Port Facility Security code
would prove the definitive regulations on security." LLOYD’S LIST, 31 January 2011, p 7
New US visa to benefit foreign ship executives - By Rajesh Joshi "US immigration authorities have closed a
loophole that so far had prevented foreign maritime workers from acquiring a biometric identification card required for
access to restricted port facilities and terminals. The preliminary reaction from industry is that the concession will not
benefit foreign seafarers, but instead will be found useful by a small subset of expatriate foreign nationals employed in
US offices or on-dock facilities, as well as foreign oil rig workers employed on the US Outer Continental Shelf."
LLOYD’S LIST, 11 February 2011, p 2
US points to ‘marriages of convenience’ for pirates and terrorists - By Michelle Wiese Bockmann "The US State
Department has drawn links between al-Qaeda-linked terrorists and Somalian pirates, describing “occasional
marriages of convenience” as well as turf wars between the two over money received through ransom payments made
by shipowners. “Pirates really don’t like it when al-Shabaab moves in and tries to horn in on the business and get some
sort of cut,” counter piracy and maritime security co-ordinator Donna L Hopkins told Lloyd’s List. “Al-Shabaab sacrifices
some ideological purity by tolerating the existence of piracy as it’s really unIslamic, but I don’t think there’s deliberate
collaboration, I think there’s indirect benefits to each of them by the fact they’re operating in the same space.”"
Middle East unrest throws spotlight on risk for tankers - By John Drake "With political turmoil in Egypt and
neighbouring countries, shipowners need to remain vigilant. The possibility of a terrorist attack against a vessel
passing through the region may still seem remote, but it should nonetheless be considered as a potential hazard in
Egyptian waters." LLOYD’S LIST, 25 February 2011, p 8
Ships with arms aboard face arrest "Ship operators with vessels going to South Africa with arms on board have
been warned they face having the ship detained and the master arrested unless they are in possession of a permit
under the Firearms Control Act. Yet the time limit to obtain the permit “is totally impractical”, Alan Reid, MD of the
South African P&I Club, told Fairplay, given the ever-changing nature of ship fixtures. His advice follows the detention
81
of four ships in recent weeks and charges laid against the respective masters, with one pleading guilty against legal
advice to avoid delaying his ship. As a result, he will now carry a criminal record with him wherever he sails, with all
that entails, Reid said." FAIRPLAY, 14 April 2011, p 22
US Senate Bill seeks to waive 100% box scans law - By Rajesh Joshi "A bill introduced in the US Senate has
proposed a broad waiver of the requirement to scan 100% of incoming containers at all foreign ports, which is currently
scheduled to take effect from July 2012.The 100% clause was enacted into law in August 2007, as part of the Security
and Accountability for Every Port Act, known as the SAFE Port Act, which is designed to implement the 9/11
Commission’s recommendations. The 9/11 Commission itself had rejected the 100% scanning idea in favour of a riskbased approach, but the provision still made its way into the law because of political expediency. A fig leaf in the
SAFE Port Act already allows the US Secretary for Homeland Security to grant waivers to individual ports, under
conditions that are somewhat vague." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 April 2011, p 2
Bremerhaven presses on with scanning - By Katrin Berkenkopf "Despite the latest developments in the US,
preparations are going ahead in the port of Bremerhaven for a 100% box-scanning system. The research institute ISL,
which is leading the project, said the results of an estimate of costs and economic viability will be available in early
2012. The potential number of boxes affected by the scanning process has already been calculated. For 2012, the ISL
forecast anticipates an annual volume of 400,000 boxes destined for the US, with a maximum of 1,500 boxes to be
handled in the course of one day. With the trade volume set to expand over the coming years, the volume will grow to
530,000 boxes in export to the US, with a daily maximum in excess of 2,000." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 April 2011, p 2
Spain threat to merchant ships off Gibraltar - By Brian Reyes "A Spanish warship sailed into British waters on the
east side of Gibraltar yesterday and attempted to order merchant ships out of the area, drawing a formal protest from
Britain and a furious response from the Gibraltar government. The ships, which were anchored around two miles off
the Rock, ignored the order. Instead, they contacted the Gibraltar Port Authority, which administers the waters on the
east side of the Rock and had granted clearance for them to be there. The British military despatched a rapid
response rigid-hull inflatable boat to intercept Atalaya. “Two radio warnings were issued to confirm that the [Spanish]
vessel was in British Gibraltar Territorial Waters and that she should leave immediately,” said a spokesman for Britain’s
Ministry of Defence. The 68 m long Atalaya, which is armed with cannon and heavy machine guns, sailed from the
area shortly after." LLOYD’S LIST, 5 May 2011, p 2
Côte d’Ivoire and Comoros added to terror-risk list - By David Osler "The US Coast Guard is to impose additional
requirements on vessels entering the US in the case of those that have visited a port in either Côte d’Ivoire or the
Comoros Islands in their previous five calls, the Department of Homeland Security has announced. The new
arrangements enter force from June 10. According to a briefing note from Inchcape Shipping Services , each affected
ship must implement the International Safety Management code at level two while in either country, ensure that access
points are guarded, attempt to execute a security declaration, log all security actions, and report those actions to the
pertinent USCG Captain of the Port prior to arrival in the US." LLOYD’S LIST, 6 June 2011, p 2
Shipping dodges fallout in China’s spat with Vietnam - By Colum Murphy "As tensions between China and
Vietnam increase over maritime territorial disputes in the South China Sea, security experts and shipping industry
participants say the impact on conventional shipping is minimal, at least for now. He added that there was “absolutely
no evidence” that the current standoff had impeded freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. Dr Storey said flareups between the governments in Beijing and Hanoi over resource-rich waters in the region had been increasing over
the past two to three years, which stepped up the risk of an armed confrontation at sea such as occurred between the
two countries in 1974 and 1988." LLOYD’S LIST, 14 June 2011, p 4
Brussels eyes an extension of ISPS Code - By Steve Matthews "The European Commission is considering
extending maritime security measures to cover smaller vessels that fall outside the statutory requirements of the
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. The ISPS Code, implemented in 2004, covers vessels of more than
500 gt. Such a move to extend similar requirements to smaller vessels would bring in a potentially huge number of
vessels and small craft and pose a vast administrative and enforcement task. The first step in its Project SecureSeas
aims to find out how each EU member is dealing with security issues relating to small vessels and the possibility of
creating a computer-based register of non-ISPS vessels, including leisure craft." LLOYD’S LIST, 15 June 2011, p 2
Vietnam and China battle over alleged survey-ship sabotage - By Gary Dixon "Vietnam and China have gone on
the offensive in a row over the sabotage of seismic-survey ships in the South China Sea. The diplomatic episode
began in May when Vietnam said Chinese boats had cut cables from PetroVietnam’s 2,300-gt Binh Minh 02 (built
1983). Now Vietnam is accusing China of harassing another survey vessel, claiming a Chinese fishing boat used a
“cable-cutting device” and became trapped in a network of underwater cables being used by a PetroVietnam-chartered
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Norwegian vessel. The two countries, which fought a brief war over their geographic borders in 1979, have since
exchanged accusations and restated long-standing claims of sovereignty over maritime territory in the South China
Sea, which covers important shipping routes and may hold large oil-and-gas reserves." TRADEWINDS, 17 June 2011,
p 26
Attacks on global chokepoints set to rise - By Roger Hailey "Gateways are ‘Achilles’ heel’ of shipping with dire
effect on global economy if just one hit. Cyber, pirate and terrorist attacks on global supply chains are expected to rise
in the next 20 years, although experts disagree on the specific threat to shipping’s “Achilles’ heel” of maritime
chokepoints. The PricewaterhouseCoopers transportation & logistics survey of 80 executives highlights a “56%
probability of attacks” on supply chains and advises companies to plan now to protect their assets. PwC partner and
global transportation and logistics industry leader Klaus-Dieter Ruske said: “Today 90% of the worldwide trading
volume is concentrating on about 39 gateway regions. If only a single one of these hubs fails, the economic
consequences could be enormous after just a short period of time, and affect most economies around the globe.”"
LLOYD’S LIST, 21 June 2011, p 2
Napolitano plan to can 100% box scan is lost in translation - By Roger Hailey "Washington is playing down
European press reports that the US is to drop 100% scanning of US-bound maritime containers at the foreign port of
departure. US Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano told AFP news agency in Rotterdam, Europe’s top
container hub, on Wednesday: “We believe the so-called 100% requirement is probably not the best way to go.” Ms
Napolitano also told a Dutch radio station: “We think there is a much better way to achieve security than 100%
scanning, and so the statute contemplates actual amendment. And so based on everything else we are doing, we think
we are much safer if we used a layered, risk-based approach than the 100% approach.” She was then asked by the
radio journalist: “So there is not going to be 100% scans in the port?” to which Ms Napolitano replied: “Not in the near
future, no.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 24 June 2011, p 2
US backs off 100% box scans "The US now believes in a multilayered approach to hazardous cargo. The US will no
longer press ports of departure for full container scanning prior to entry into its territory, US Homeland Security
Secretary Janet Napolitano told a Port of Rotterdam press conference on 22 June, according to news agency AFP.
Norway clarifies ruling on armed guard use - By Craig Eason "Norwegian shipowners have welcomed a
clarification from the country’s government on the use of armed guards on their ships. The Norwegian government is
expected to release new regulations today, after giving a briefing to the country’s shipowners this week, that will
strengthen and clarify certain aspects of the country’s existing ship security laws. Norway developed its first rules on
ship security in 2007 but they did not deal with the then unknown threat of piracy. The new rules will give owners of
Norway-flagged vessels the procedures they will need to follow if they wish to employ armed security when transiting
the Gulf of Aden or any other waters believed to be at risk from piracy." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 July 2011, p 2
Interim guidance on the use of armed security personnel o board ship. In:
Issue 6, July 2011, pp 1-14
Shipping Regulations and Guidance
Container security moves a step forward "Cargo theft has been a perennial problem for ship operators.
Containerisation was supposed to reduce opportunities for theft, but it remains a major issue of concern. Solutions
examines the latest attempt to protect cargo in containers." FAIRPLAY SOLUTIONS, Jul/Aug 2011, pp 10-11
UK poised to water down objections to armed guards - By Steve Matthews "The UK government is likely to
change its formal stance on British ships employing private armed guards to protect against pirate attacks, Foreign
Office minister Henry Bellingham has told a parliamentary committee. The government’s official position is that using
armed guards is discouraged, and that doing so puts shipowners and armed guards at risk of legal sanctions, but the
exact legal position is not clear. However, acknowledging that the government is not in a position to provide armed
protection for every ship, he accepts that companies should be able to decide what level of security they provide on
their ships, subject to certain safeguards." LLOYD’S LIST, 11 July 2011, p 2
Torm hires PVI to place guards on vessels - By David Osler "Torm has named Protection Vessels International as
its preferred provider of guard services, according to the British maritime security provider. The value of the contract
was not disclosed. The news comes after employees at the Danish shipowner, which is active in both the tanker and
dry bulk sectors, were told in an internal announcement that the the company would in future deploy armed guards on
ships at risk of pirate attack in the Gulf of Aden. A PVI spokesman said today that the company had seen a 140%
increase in completed transits in the first half of this year. This month alone, it has deployed some 230 security
operatives on task." LLOYD’S LIST, 12 July 2011, p 2
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Fall in Nigerian piracy masks shift in danger zone - By David Osler "Attacks on international shipping in Nigerian
waters and off the Bakassi Peninsula were down in the second quarter of 2011, according to statistics compiled by
Bergen Risk Solutions, a security consultancy specialising in theGulf of Guinea. But there are signs that the problem is
being displaced rather than disappearing. “There is significant positive change in Nigeria’s maritime security
environment, with the exception of the country’s most southeasterly corner, at the Calabar River and the Bakassi
Peninsula on the Cameroonian border,” said BRS principal Arild Nodland. “Attacks off Cotonou , Benin, have
skyrocketed over the last quarter, almost certainly with significant involvement of Nigerian criminals. Maritime security
risks have thus shifted from Nigeria’s core to its periphery.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 13 July 2011, p 2
The route to security regulation – By Steven Jones “The use of armed security guards has increased dramatically
recently in the face of increased attacks and violence from pirates. With ever more ship owners/operators taking the
difficult decision to ‘go armed’, it was inevitable that flag states and the wider shipping industry would require guidance
and advice. Following its meeting in May this year, the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee has now come up with two
sets of interim guidance on the use of armed guards; one for flag states and one for shipowners and operators.”
SEAWAYS, July 2011, pp 15-16
Coscol to spend $12m on protection - By Colum Murphy "Shanghai-listed semi-submersible and multipurpose
vessel operator Cosco Shipping (Coscol) will spend $12m this year to protect its vessels from piracy attacks while
transiting waters off Somalia. Chief executive Guo Jin said that in situations where sailing through such waters was
unavoidable, Coscol would use armed guards to defend its vessels. To date the company has foiled one attempt by
firing a warning shot when a suspect skiff approached the ship. According to a local media report, Mr Guo expressed a
preference for UK security firms that employ former military personnel." LLOYD’S LIST, 15 July 2011, p 2
Singapore shippers call for UN protection force - By James Campbell "The Singapore Shipping Association has
proposed the involvement of a dedicated UN force to protect commercial shipping in the Indian Ocean. In practical
terms the force would consist of UN troops stationed at way points at which merchant vessels could pick up a
protection squad before they navigated the most dangerous areas. The SSA presented its proposal to the UN’s ninth
plenary meeting of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia in New York on Thursday, said SSA
executive director Daniel Tan. The SSA said this would help to get the participation of major flag states like Liberia and
Panama, which lacked the resources for military deployments themselves, and would be a cheaper solution than
extensive naval deployments." LLOYD’S LIST, 18 July 2011, p 2
USA seeks box scan repeal “Supporters of a proposal to exempt containers destined for US ports from a law
requiring 100% scanning of boxes are pushing for a fast track to Congressional approval. The SAFE Port
Reauthorization Act of 2011, introduced in the Senate on 14 April by Republican Susan Collins from Maine and
Democrat Patty Murray from Washington, would allow boxes that meet certain standards to bypass the 100% scanning
rule, and would become enforceable by July 2012.” PORTS & HARBORS, July 2011, p 6
Cross-border security “Security prevention and detection procedures from part of a daily routine at seaports in the
Americas and these activities have become more sophisticated and costly in recent years. Increasingly, more money
is required for everything from personnel and equipment to infrastructure and maintenance. Although port and cargo
security needs have increased since the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the USA, federal spending for these
measures, particularly in the USA and Canada, is beginning to decline, leaving many ports concerned about the future
of federal security funding support.” PORTS & HARBORS, July 2011, pp 10-11
UK to amend law on armed guards - By Steve Matthews “UK shipping minister Mike Penning has confirmed that the
government intends to introduce legislation to provide a legal framework to allow British ships to carry armed guards.
“Legislation will have to be changed to protect our seafarers around the world,” he told Lloyd’s List. Mr Penning
acknowledged that some UK-flagged ships already carry armed guards. He said that he understood the reason why
companies were doing so and the fact that so far no ships carrying armed guards had been successfully hijacked by
pirates.” LLOYD’S LIST, 20 July 2011, p 2
Germans step up pressure for armed guards - By Katrin Berkenkopf "German shipowners are keeping up
pressure on the government to support the deployment of sovereign armed forces aboard domestic-flagged vessels,
despite another setback. Following the latest meeting with owners, trade union, police forces and others, the
government’s national maritime co-ordinator once again rejected the call for federal troops on ships. However, he is
now open to the idea of private armed forces and has promised to evaluate necessary changes to the law." LLOYD’S
LIST, 22 July 2011, p 2
84
State Department ‘insists’ on guards for US vessels - By Tom Leander "A senior US official has told Hong Kong
(China) shipowners that the US now “insists” that all US-flagged ships carry security personal, whether armed or
unarmed, to defend against pirate attacks in the latest sign that international approval of armed guards is becoming the
de facto norm. The comment came in a meeting between Assistant Secretary of State for political and military affairs
Andrew Shapiro and members of the Hong Kong Shipowners Association during a visit by Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton to the Chinese territory yesterday. According to Arthur Bowring, managing director of the Hong Kong
Shipowners’ Association, the US requested the meeting. He said Mr Shapiro “wants more focus by [the State
Department] to find out what’s happening, what’s best to do”. He added: “He was given the job to talk to people about
what the industry thinks.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 26 July 2011, p 1
Atrocity gunman saw LNG carriers as potential targets - By Eric Martin "Anders Behring Breivik’s 1,500-page
manifesto identifies vessels as “devastating” weapons. The man responsible for the deadly shooting and car-bomb
attack in Norway last Friday viewed LNG carriers as potential terror targets. Breivik’s manifesto, made public online
shortly before the attacks, referred to LNG carriers and crude oil tankers as “focused targets” for western European
and Scandinavian countries. Breivik has been charged with terrorism crimes following a car bombing in Oslo and
shooting on Utoya island that killed 76 people. A brief entry in the rambling, manifesto entitled “2083: A European
Declaration of Independence” says LNG vessels and tanker trucks could make more potent targets than
“benzene/gasoline vessels” because of a what he described as a significant blast effect." TRADEWINDS, 29 July 2011,
p 17
A ship is not the place for armed security ‘cowboys’ - By Steve Matthews "During the current monsoon period in
the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, when pirate attacks off Somalia have reduced, attention has switched to the
lengthening list of governments that are moving to regulate the legal position of ships under their flags carrying armed
guards. The UK is among the latest planning to change its laws to permit UK flag ships to carry armed guards. Norway
has recently passed legislation to allow armed security guards on its ships. The US is actively encouraging their use
and pressure is mounting on other governments such as Germany to follow suit In May, the International Maritime
Organization’s Maritime Safety Committee agreed guidelines on the use of armed guards for the prevention of piracy,
thereby giving implicit acceptance of their employment on board ships." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 August 2011, p 4
US drops radiation scanning portals - By Rajesh Joshi "A US initiative to equip all ports and border crossings with
nuclear radiation-detection portals, envisioned after the September 11 attacks in 2001 and commissioned about five
years ago, has died a quiet death. Warren Stern, director of the domestic nuclear detection office at the US
Department of Homeland Security, told a hearing of the homeland security technology sub-committee in the House of
Representatives this week that his department “will not seek certification of large-scale deployment” of the Advanced
Spectroscopic Portal, as the project is called. Instead, DHS plans to use hand-held devices called RadSeeker, and
other smaller-scale technology." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 August 2011, p 5
German owners edge closer to use of onboard armed guards - By Patrick Hagen, Katrin Berkenkopf and
Friederike Krieger "Private security companies are sensing the possibility of profitable business with German owners,
as the countrys government edges towards officially allowing owners to deploy armed mercenaries on ships flying the
black, red and golden flag. Whenever there is news about a ship being attacked, in particular a German one, the issue
comes back on the agenda, says Walfried Sauer, managing director of Munich-based Result Group, which provides
armed guards to German shipowners. To owners frustration, it is not as easy and risk-free to deploy private security
companies on German-flagged vessels as it is under several other flags including that of Liberia, Norway or Denmark."
LLOYD’S LIST, 4 August 2011, p 4
Mumbai caught off guard by giant visitor "A products tanker that washed up on Mumbai’s shores is proving
something of an embarrassment to the country’s security authorities. This part of the Indian coastline is supposed to
be much better protected following a seaborne-terrorist attack on the city in 2008 that left 164 dead. The 2,100-dwt
Pavit (built 1990) had been drifting on the Indian Ocean for 10 days after its tow broke and was first spotted by local
fishermen as it moved toward the shore. The city’s coastal security authorities and Santacruz coastal police remain
baffled as to how the tanker grounded without being noticed by the coastguards." TRADEWINDS, 12 August 2011, p
34
Hong Kong shipowners targeted by fraudsters - By Colum Murphy "Hong Kong Shipowners Association has
urged members to exercise caution when dealing with individuals purporting to represent the Chinese government or
mainland media - but whose real aim is fraud. In an email on Friday, managing director Arthur Bowring said a “number”
of members had reported such incidents. “The individuals then ask if they can interview our members for various
topical stories,” he said. “We have checked the backgrounds of some of these individuals and found that their
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representations are fraudulent, and possibly made in an attempt to extort money as so-called ‘donations’ for various
causes,” added Mr Bowring." LLOYD’S LIST, 15 August 2011, p 4
Berlin set to permit private guards on German-flagged vessels - By Patrick Hagen "German owners have
welcomed government plans to officially allow private security firms to be active on German-flagged vessels, but say
they would still prefer sovereign forces on board their ships. “For us, private guards are only the second-best solution,”
Max Johns, spokesman for the German shipowners’ association VDR, said. “But we appreciate that the government is
starting to move in this matter.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 19 August 2011, p 2
Warning over US port security funding - By Roger Hailey "Almost 10 years after the 9-11 terrorist attacks,
President Obama’s administration in Washington has been warned that federal funding cuts could affect the “security
capabilities” of many US ports. The warning came from the American Association of Port Authorities, which also
highlighted claims that US Navy special forces - when they killed Osama Bin Laden in his Pakistan hideout - found
evidence that the maritime industry is still a key Al-Qaida target for terrorist acts. AAPA president and chief executive
Kurt Nagle said: “For centuries, seaports have been a vital part of this nation’s transportation infrastructure, and safe,
secure seaport facilities are critical to protecting our borders and moving goods. “Regrettably, the more than 50%
funding level cut recommended for Federal Emergency Management Agency’s State and Local Program grants, which
includes the Port Security Grant Program, could impact the current security capabilities of many US ports." LLOYD’S
LIST, 2 September 2011, p 2
ICS compiles armed guard guidance "The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) has compiled a summary of the
policies and rules of a number of flag states detailing their attitude to ships carrying arms and private armed guards. It
has prepared the document in association with the European Community Shipowners’ Associations (ECSA) based on
information provided by ICS members. Its publication comes as the IMO Maritime Safety Committee’s Working Group
on Maritime Security and Piracy prepares for an intersessional meeting, starting on 12 September." FAIRPLAY, 1
September 2011, p 24
Danes and Dutch differ on armed guard policy - By Craig Eason "Danish shipowners want the European Union to
take a more proactive role in the fight against piracy as more of them turn to armed guards to deter attacks. Danish
Shipowner Association director Jan Fritz Hansen said the use of armed guards had become the "standard necessity,
as physical onboard deterrents and the ongoing naval presence are failing to make a big difference". However, the
Netherlands is taking a different approach. The country formed an advisory committee which submitted its
recommendations to the government last week on its approach to private security. It has advocated the use of military
personnel rather than the private sector to the dismay of owners and unions." LLOYD’S LIST, 8 September 2011, p 2
Foul weather or foul play? - By Girija Shettar "Abandoned and drifting ships off western India are posing fraud and
security concerns. India’s defence minister AK Antony has urged tighter security after two vessels were suspected of
being scuttled off its coastline. Panama-flagged products tanker Pavit and bulker RAK Carrier were both abandoned
by crew blaming technical failures. The Pavit, which travelled 13,000km from Panama to Oman, apparently drifted
undetected into Indian waters from the Arabian Sea. The RAK Carrier was carrying coal to Gujarat but had anchored,
an Indian government official told Fairplay, because of a technical difficulty. Its hull eventually cracked, sinking it. The
captain, chief engineer and owner, Delta Shipping Marine Services, have been charged with environmental offences."
FAIRPLAY, 8 September 2011, p 22
Shipping singled out in call for boost to US security - By Roger Hailey "A decade after the 9/11 terrorist attacks,
the US Government Accountability Office has said that work remains in implementing border security, including the
100% scanning of containers in the maritime supply chain. The wide-ranging report on the work of the Department of
Homeland Security shows the scale of the US security efforts for passenger and cargo after the September 2001
attacks by al-Qaeda on New York and Washington. The GAO stated: "Eight years after its creation and 10 years after
September 11, 2001, DHS has indeed made significant strides in protecting the nation, but has yet to reach its full
potential."" p 2
Security boss wants guidelines from ports (Redf.IMO) - By Roger Hailey "A maritime security company boss has
called for port authorities in piracy-prone areas to issue clear guidelines to shipowners and operators to support greater
use of on-board armed guards. Protection Vessels International president Dom Mee made his call after Somali pirates
moved inshore to take the US-owned chemical oil tanker Fairchem Bogey with 21 unprotected Indian crew on board
while it was anchored two miles off the Omani port of Salalah. The attack on a vessel so close to the port, rather than
at sea in international waters, is seen as a sign of increasing confidence by pirates to operate in what are considered
secure outer harbour areas. Mr Mee told the South Asian African Regional Ports Security Co-operative conference in
the Seychelles: "The recent hijacking in port waters in Oman and other similar attacks serves to remind us of the
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increasing threat posed to shipowners and operators when they are effectively under the jurisdiction of port state
control." p 2
Japan considers guards on ships - By Adam Corbett "With one-quarter of Norwegian ships carrying weapons, the
Japanese are to discuss whether to follow suit. Japan’s government is considering a request from the nation’s
shipowners to carry armed guards on their ships as an anti-piracy measure. Flag states have a wide variety of policies
with regard to arming ships. A more liberal policy in Norway, for example, means that nearly one-quarter of Norwegian
ships now carry military-style private guards. Approval in Japan would be the most significant so far as the country has
the strictest rules of any national flag regarding the carriage of arms on ships." TRADEWINDS, 9 September 2011, p
19
Letter to the Editor: In defence of armed defence - By Michael Farlie "Do vessels under flags that condone armed
personnel on board attract less attention from pirates? SIR, Is it not a fact that vessels under the flags of states such as
Israel and Russia, which condone having armed personnel on board, do not attract the attention of pirates? ('Piracy
and the armed deterrent', Lloyd's List, Wednesday August 31). Far from escalating the ferocity of attacks, surely the
presence of arms on board actually reduces the overall number of pirate attacks." LLOYD’S LIST, 16 September 2011,
p6
Calls for flag states to allow guards on ships - By David Osler "A shipmanagement trade association is calling on
flag states and charterers to allow operators greater freedom to employ armed guards on vessels transiting piracyprone waters. InterManager president Alastair Evitt said the campaign, which he claimed enjoys 90% support from the
group's members, was motivated by a desire to act in the best interest of seafarers. Any decision taken to provide
armed guards should be based on a risk assessment of each vessel and should be in accordance with the guidance
set out in the Best Management Practices 4 industry standard anti-piracy guidelines. But crucially, they should be
unhindered by restrictive flag state legislation or charterparty agreements, InterManager believes." LLOYD’S LIST, 16
September 2011, p 2
IMO asks coastal states to 'facilitate' armed guards - By David Osler "Port and coastal states close to Somalia
should "facilitate" the passage of armed guards and their weapons on merchant ships at risk of pirate attack, according
to a circular agreed last week by the International Maritime Organization. Sources close to discussions at the UN
agency's headquarters in London have seized on the wording as an unmistakeable implicit call not to obstruct the
increasingly widespread use of vessel protection detachments in the region. The IMO move comes just days after
security professionals expressed frustration at an apparent unilateral decision by Egypt to ban weapons on merchant
vessels transiting the Suez Canal, a step which they believe highlights the need for common rules on the question."
LLOYD’S LIST, 19 September 2011, p 1
Dockwise to use Dutch forces for Indian Ocean transit - By Roger Hailey "Armed Dutch marines will be on board
the specialist semi-submersible vessel Mighty Servant 3 when it makes a 14-day journey through piracy-prone waters
from Singapore to the Middle East port of Sharjah. A spokesman for the Dutch shipping company confirmed that the
marines will embark the low-freeboard and low-speed Netherlands-flagged vessel in Singapore before setting off for
the UAE. Dockwise will pay an undisclosed amount to the Dutch government for the protection, the second time the
Breda-based heavylift and specialist transport has used marines from the Netherlands to protect one of its fleet. "
LLOYD’S LIST, 19 September 2011, p 2
Guarding the seas "Another day, another discussion about piracy – and yet another grudging acknowledgement that
ICTSI launches box scanning in Manilla - By Roger Hailey "Philippines-based ports group ICTSI has implemented
the US-government's radiation detection requirement at its Manila International Container Terminal. The radiation
detection systems are part of the US Department of Energy's Megaports Initiative to stop illegal shipments of nuclear
and other radioactive materials passing through international sea ports and land gateways. The US contributed $26m
for setting up the facility in the Philippines, the latest in 38 radiation detection equipment sets deployed in ports
worldwide. The US intention is to install radiation detection equipment at 100 ports worldwide, scanning approximately
50% of global container traffic by 2016." LLOYD’S LIST, 26 September 2011, p 5
IUMI gets firmly behind concept of armed guards on vessels - By Jim Mulrenan "The still controversial practice of
hiring armed guards to protect ships from pirates has won explicit backing from the International Union of Marine
Insurance (IUMI). IUMI is usually a pretty conservative organisation but it has gone further than most shipping industry
organisations, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), flag states and the protection-and-indemnity (P&I) clubs
in supporting the armed defence of ships. Most industry organisations are neutral on the question of armed guards,
although they say it is ultimately a decision for shipowners operating under flags that permit such a response. IUMI
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also emphasises it is a matter for the owner but has come to the view that as armed guards appear to be the best way
of protecting ships, cargoes and crews from being hijacked, their use should be backed." TRADEWINDS, 23
September 2011, p 21
LMA voices concern over IUMI's stance on armed guards - By Liz McMahon "Claims by International Union of
Marine Insurance chairman Ole Wikborg that IUMI has an "active and well published stand in favour of armed guards"
has surprised many who remain committed to a neutral position. Speaking at the the IUMI meeting in Paris last week,
Mr Wikborg said: "It took IUMI some time to get to this point, as the prevailing opinion has been that flag states should
deal with this and subsequently discuss and decide through the International Maritime Organization." However, the
Lloyd's Market Association and the International Maritime Organization both hold neutral positions and LMA senior
executive Neil Roberts said the decision to hire and pay for armed guards was one for the shipowner or asset operator,
and was not something of which the LMA could approve or disapprove." LLOYD’S LIST, 26 September 2011, p 2
Terrorism warning for shipping "A senior British police official, based in the Gulf, has warned shipping lines that their
operations in the region could be disrupted by increasingly sophisticated terrorists seeking new economic targets. “AlQaeda already has shown a capability to attack [shipping]. There is a worrying trend round here for waterborne
terrorism,” Mark Moles, detective chief inspector with the Counter Terrorism Unit of the UK’s Metropolitan Police, told a
recent security conference in Dubai. To back up his case, Moles pointed to a mysterious and limited attack on the M
Star tanker in July 2010, responsibility for which was claimed by a group linked to al-Qaeda, although this was not fully
proven. However, the issue is likely to recur as terror groups have a proven capacity to adapt and fine-tune
operations." FAIRPLAY, 29 September 2011, p 17
ITF boss backs armed guards "No ship from any flag state that refuses “to allow military vessel protection
detachments on its ships should be chartered by any reputable organisation or company”, said David Cockroft, general
secretary of the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF). Speaking earlier this month at a conference in
London organised by the International Chamber of Shipping and the International Shipping Federation, he outlined
proposals to help address piracy, adding, “no flag state that does not agree to detain and prosecute pirates should
even be considered”. He welcomed a recent announcement by Liberia that its laws now gave it jurisdiction over
arrested pirates and their prosecution and incarceration." FAIRPLAY, 29 September 2011, p 29
Backing for using armed protection - By Adam Corbett "Managers seem to be all for the use of armed guards with
the decision to do so often prompted by seafarers. But opinion is split among flag states and charterers. Piracy has
been the biggest safety issue over the past three years for shipmanagers and they are increasingly turning to armed
guards to protect seafarers. Despite several months with reduced pirate activity off Somalia, more than 300 seafarers
are still being held hostage." TRADEWINDS, 30 September 2011, p 36
Spain to permit heavy-calibre machine guns on board ships - By David Osler "Spain has become the first flag
state to approve the use of high-calibre weaponry by non-military vessels at risk from Somali pirates, in a move that
has been greeted with incredulity across the private security sector. The ruling is obviously designed primarily to meet
the needs of the commercial fishing fleet operating out of the Seychelles, which is the main Spanish maritime interest
in the Indian Ocean region. The tripod-mounted 12.7 mm heavy machine guns now explicitly authorised are designed
to destroy armour-plated vehicles and aircraft up to 1 km away, and some experts believe that they are operationally
inappropriate in dealing with the threat posed by pirates." LLOYD’S LIST, 3 October 2011, p 3
North P&I poised to vet armed guards - By Liz McMahon "The North P&I Club is to take independent action to vet
armed maritime security providers on behalf of its members, despite the Security Association for the Maritime Industry
offering formal accreditation. The club has joined forces with specialist maritime intelligence, investigation and crisis
management company Gray Page to provide the service. SAMI recently announced its intention to offer the
accreditation and licensing service to security firms but North P&I Club director Mike Salthouse said there was an
inherent conflict in an industry association vetting its own members. "There is not sufficient distance," he said. "Most
people would welcome SAMI as it is the closest thing we have got to an industry body, but there are not a lot of
security firms out there." LLOYD’S LIST, 3 October 2011, p 3
SAMI appoints NSI to vet armed security - By Liz McMahon "The security Association for the Maritime Industry has
revealed that the National Security Inspectorate will act as its independent assessor of security organisations. The
body said accreditations would begin in early November and it is expected that the entire process will take between
four to six months, depending upon the size of the company. "Insurers want to see a track record and that is a very
healthy way of looking at things," said SAMI founder Peter Cook. "We need to prove ourselves and I have spoken to a
number of people in the Lloyd's market and have had a great deal of encouragement but the message is clear that they
are waiting to see what we can do and we welcome the scrutiny. I would expect that within a year our status will be
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established. SAMI wants to blow away the smoke and mirrors and focus on transparency, integrity and clarity."
LLOYD’S LIST, 10 October 2011, p 2
UK and US forces free hijacked Montecristo - By David Osler and Tom Leander “British and US naval forces have
today boarded and recaptured a brand new Italian supramax hijacked by Somali pirates on Monday, the Italian foreign
ministry has confirmed. Some 11 pirates were detained as a result of the operation. Security sources confirmed that an
unarmed vessel protection detachment was on board, and that citadel tactics had been adopted by the crew.”
LLOYD’S LIST, 12 October 2011, p 2
UK U-turn on armed guards lifts threat of prosecution - By David Osler and Craig Eason "Britain is set to drop its
formal opposition to the use of private armed guards on board UK-flagged vessels, finally lifting the threat of
prosecution for shipowners who have been operating within a legal grey area. The news comes after Italy's defence
ministry went one step further and agreed to provide armed forces on Italian ships passing through the Gulf of Aden.
UK Foreign Office minister Henry Bellingham confirmed in a speech delivered at the Chamber of Shipping in London
on Wednesday that the policy switch would be formally announced shortly, in effect reversing previous government
advice which "strongly discouraged" armed vessel protection detachments." LLOYD’S LIST, 13 October 2011, p 1
Venezuela drug bust marks new high in seizures - By David Osler "A Bernhard Schulte -managed bulk carrier and
a number of seafarers have been detained in pre-trial custody in Venezuela following the discovery of 478 kg of uncut
cocaine on board the 1997-built, 48,224 dwt Jürgen Schulte, a spokesman for the company has confirmed. Financial
director Sebastian Graf von Hardenberg stressed that while the company acknowledges the find and is co-operating
with the authorities, it believes all of its employees to be innocent and it has hired legal representation to fight their
corner. However, the development has once again highlighted the use of merchant vessels for narcotics smuggling,
which has sharply increased in 2011, according to preliminary figures compiled by Lloyd's List Intelligence." LLOYD’S
LIST, 14 October 2011, p 2
Armed guards a must in danger zones to stop pirates striking, says victim of violent Somali bandits - By Adam
Corbett "Chirag Bahri, a former second engineer on the 13,300-dwt chemical tanker Marida Marguerite (built 2008),
has told how he “dreamed of death” during his eight months in captivity living under drug-crazed Somali pirates. He
has joined a campaign to have armed guards protecting vulnerable ships and for the industry to bring in regulations on
the care of seafarers and their families during and after a hijacking. Bahri is supporting Maritime Piracy a Humanitarian
Response (MPHRP), a new Seafarers Trust-backed organisation set up to help the victims of piracy." TRADEWINDS,
14 October 2011, pp 42-43
Maersk to employ armed guards - By David Osler "AP Moller-Maersk will make more regular use of armed guards
on tankers passing through the Gulf of Aden, the company has confirmed. However, there are "no immediate plans" to
extend the policy to containerships, Maersk Tankers chief technical officer Steffen Jacobsen added. It remains unclear
which contractor is likely to pick up the work, with security industry sources suggesting that it will probably have to be
divided between several providers. The world's largest shipping concern has seen attacks on a number of its ships,
most famously on boxship Maersk Alabama , but has previously employed guards only on an ad hoc basis. But
following an assessment of its experiences so far, it has decided to adopt the step more often, especially on vessels
that are slow, have a low freeboard." LLOYD’S LIST, 17 October 2011, p 2
Insurers offer discounts for armed guards - By Liz McMahon and David Osler "A number of kidnap and ransom
insurers are demanding the presence of armed guards on vessels transiting the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean
before they will provide cover, and others are offering discounts of up to 35% to shipowners employing private security
firms for voyages in high-risk areas. For an average vessel valued at $20m, the starting price for a policy is in the
region of $35,000 for a seven-day transit of the Gulf of Aden. With armed guards on board and a K&R policy in place, a
discount of 35% would represent a saving of $12,250. While no insurer was prepared to confirm they were offering
such discounts or requiring the use of armed guards when underwriting policies, some told Lloyd's List they offered
some form of discount on the war rate for vessels transiting pirate hotspots." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 October 2011, p 1
Calls for transparency over use of armed protection - By Craig Eason "As more owners seek the services of
armed security, there have been calls for more transparency about their use amid growing concerns over an escalation
of violence or an incident where an unarmed civilian or seafarer is injured. International Transport Workers Federation
secretary Jon Whitlow said many crew members were welcoming armed security as they felt more secure in their
presence, but there was an industry-wide belief that crews themselves should never be armed. Renuar master Calixto
Caniete, in revealing his experiences of being hijacked by pirates told Lloyd's List the pirates that held him captive had
told him at one point they would never have continued their attack on his ship had they been fired on themselves. But
despite the increased assurances that armed security gives crews, Mr Whitlow said some flag states needed to be
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further encouraged to develop standards and rules for the engagement of armed security." LLOYD’S LIST, 24 October
2011, p 2
Terror threat to ships “A senior British police official based in the Gulf has warned shipping lines that their operations
in the region could be disrupted by increasingly sophisticated terrorists seeking new economic targets. “Al-Qaeda
already has shown a capability to attack shipping. There is a worrying trend round here for waterborne terrorism,”
Mark Moles, detective chief inspector with Counter Terrorism Unit of the UK’s Metropolitan Police, told a recent security
conference in Dubai.” SAFETY AT SEA INTERNATIONAL, November 2011, p 13
China set to launch armed patrols on the Mekong River - By Tom Leander "In the wake of the murder of 13
Chinese sailors on the Mekong River in Thailand in October, China will launch armed patrols on the river's upper
reaches with its Southeast Asian neighbours. T in to Thai authorities in the wake of the killings, according to China's
state-run Xinhua news agency. The murders became a public issue in China, where the safety of nationals overseas
is a sensitive topic, and Beijing responded with demands for greater safety and security along the river, which rises in
Tibet and twists for 4,500 miles through China and Southeast Asia before meeting the sea in Vietnam." LLOYD’S LIST,
10 November 2011, p 2
Flexible security training “A US-funded training programme will play a wider role in improving port security thanks to
a government-industry alliance, reports John Gallagher.” PORTS AND HARBORS, Nov/Dec 2011, pp 28-29
Egypt reverses Suez weapons ban - By David Osler "Egypt has reversed the ban on weapons and armed security
teams transiting the Suez Canal on merchant ships, apparently after the transport ministry caved into pressure from
other Egyptian interests opposed to the move on economic grounds. The fear was that the ruling could have had an
adverse impact on traffic through the key waterway, which is one of the country's most important hard currency
earners. The West of England P&I Club, drawing on information provided by its Egyptian correspondents, has told
members that passage of arms and armed guards will now be allowed on the condition that a letter endorsed by the
vessel's flag state is submitted to the Suez Canal Authority prior to transit. The letter, which need not be in any
particular format, must state the quantity and type of weapons and ammunition on board, the number of armed guards
on board, details of the armed guards' employer, and confirmation that the weapons will not be used while the vessel is
in Egyptian territorial waters." LLOYD’S LIST, 18 November 2011, p 2
Theft threat calls for a co-ordinated response - By Liz McMahon "One significant barrier in combating cargo theft is
the lack of co-ordination between jurisdictions and flag states and this can make any investigation and consequent
prosecution extremely difficult. Due to the fact that both the target and thief will be 'passing through' any area where
the crime will be committed the consequent investigation and data collection can prove difficult, especially when flags
of convenience come into play. Prosecution rates in comparison to crimes reported vary dramatically. Rates of cargo
theft and methods for managing it across the world vary dramatically. In the US there have been crucial moves to
share data through the launch of CargoNet. Formed in 2009, CargoNet helps prevent cargo theft and increases
recovery rates through secure and controlled information sharing among theft victims, their business partners, and law
enforcement. Insurers such as Chubb and Brit have become members of CargoNet, who has plans to extend its reach
beyond US borders in the coming months. According to Freightwatch the areas of highest risk are Mexico and Brazil."
LLOYD’S LIST, 25 November 2011, p 4
Maritime security tops agenda at East Asia Summit - By Barry Parker "The South China Sea has made news
recently due to renewed discussions of maritime security at the now concluded East Asia Summit, held last week in
Bali, Indonesia. Concerns about the rising strength of China, were underscored by President Barack Obama's
announcement that US forces would now be deployed at Darwin, in northern Australia. Indicative of the
shipping/security connection, Darwin is the site of a liquefied natural gas terminal, fed by the Conoco-operated BayuUndan field in the Timor Sea exporting LNG to Japan. Offshore energy considerations have simmered beneath the
surface throughout the region for years amid disputes over undersea resources. Disputes between China and the
Philippines, where US forces have long been based, have bubbled upwards earlier this year as Chinese naval forces
harassed a seismic vessel working on behalf of UK-based, majority Philippine-owned, micro-cap Forum Energy in the
Reed Bank, South China Sea." LLOYD’S LIST, 25 November 2011, p 7
Japan, India and US to discuss maritime security - By Liz McMahon "Japan, India and the US will meet next
month to discuss maritime security and strengthening their relations in the Asia-Pacific region. Senior officials from the
three countries will meet on December 19 in Washington to debate regional issues that include China, according to
reports in the Japanese press. The move comes after Barack Obama became the first US President to attend the East
Asia Summit as part of his seven-day tour of the Pacific this month. Speaking in Australia before the summit, President
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Obama said: "As a Pacific nation, the US will play a larger and long-term role in shaping this region and its future, by
upholding core principles and in close partnership with our allies and friends." LLOYD’S LIST, 30 November 2011, p 5
Calls for regulation of armed guards as crews put at risk - By Liz McMahon "A growing number unreported
negligent discharges of guns by private maritime security guards has come to light amid calls for greater regulation of
the sector. "There have been loads of negligent discharges that haven't been reported and if insurers knew what was
really going on they would pull their finger out and push for regulation, because currently shipowners are putting their
ships and crew at risk," said Redfour Security Group chief executive Will McManus. Regulation of the private maritime
security sector was now required urgently, he added." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 December 2011, p 1
Increase in private security causes diversification - By Liz McMahon “As the use of armed guards increases
across the industry, wide variances in the discounts and cover being offered by the kidnap and ransom and war risk
markets is emerging, writes Liz McMahon. A report into the K&R market by broker FP Marine Risks said while the base
K&R product has now become reasonably standardised, with $5,000,000 limits, no deductibles, unlimited response to
consultant's fees, cover for ransom delivery and a "myriad of other extensions being typical now", the market was
looking at other areas where differentiation was possible.” LLOYD’S LIST, 15 December 2011,p 2
No anchorage for ships with armed guards - By Craig Eason “The port of Fujairah has a ban on vessels coming
into its anchorage with riding crews of security guards on board. Harbour master Tamer Masoud told the Middle East
Shiptech conference last month that there were a number of restrictions on security crews coming into the port.”
LLOYD’S LIST, 15 December 2011,p 11
Missiles discovered on ship in Finland - By Liz McMahon "Finnish police have launched an investigation after the
Isle of Man-flagged general cargo vessel, Thor Liberty, was detained at Kotka port en route from Germany to China
with missiles and explosives on board. Kotka's Mussalo Harbour, on Finland's southern coast, was sealed off on
Tuesday evening following the discovery of incorrectly stowed military-grade explosives on board the 1994-built, 3,810
gt vessel. A statement from the Finnish police later confirmed that 69 Patriot missiles had been discovered on board."
LLOYD’S LIST, 22 December 2011, p 1
Shipping cybersecurity is 'non-existent', says EU report - By Liz McMahon "Maritime sector awareness of
cybersecurity needs and challenges is low to non-existent. So says the first EU report on maritime-sector
cybersecurity, which urges the International Maritime Organization, the European Commission and member states to
align and harmonise international and European policies. The report from the European Network & Information
Security Agency points out that the maritime sector is critical for European society. In 2010, 52% of goods travelled on
maritime transport, up from 45% a decade ago. "This continuous increase in dependency upon the maritime transport
underlines its vital importance to our society and economy," ENISA claimed. "As... in other economic sectors, maritime
activity increasingly relies on ICT in order to optimise its operations." The report advises member states to raise
awareness within the maritime industry, working with cybersecurity specialists. It says stakeholders should agree a
common strategy and develop good practice for maritime ICT security systems." LLOYD’S LIST, 22 December 2011, p
2
Two held as Finland probes arms cache - By Liz McMahon "Finnish police and Customs continue to investigate
whether there is a criminal case to answer and have detained two people after finding 69 Patriot missiles and 150
tonnes of nitroguardine, labelled fireworks, on the cargo ship Thor Liberty in the Mussalo Harbour in Kotka. In a
statement, Finland's National Bureau of Investigation said Customs officials apprehended two people on Wednesday
evening, on suspicion of an offence under the Export and Transit of Defence Supplies Act. Officials said they had
interviewed the suspects, and other members of the Thor Liberty crew, understood to be Ukrainian. They have also
seized the Patriot missiles found on the vessel. But the authorities would not comment on the cargo consignor or
consignee, citing the current investigation." LLOYDS’ LIST, 23 December 2011, p 2
Allow Iran to board, Marad tells US ships - By David Osler "US flag ships should comply under protest if the Iranian
navy demands to be allowed on board in the months ahead, the US Maritime Administration has ruled in an advisory
note. The apparently conciliatory stance comes despite a threat from Iranian vice president Reza Rahimi to shut down
the Strait of Hormuz if sanctions are imposed on its crude exports as part of the west's drive to hamper its nuclear
programme. Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines, the country's major carrier, is already subject to extensive
restrictions, although analysis from Lloyd's List Intelligence recently demonstrated that most of the IRISL fleet
continues to trade with partners including China, Russia and India." LLOYD’S LIST, 3 January 2012, p 2
Sabre rattling in the Strait of Hormuz - By David Osler "Iran has stepped up tensions in the Strait of Hormuz, testing
a missile in the area and warning US warships to stay away. The aircraft carrier USS John C Stennis and another US
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Navy vessel left the Gulf through the strategic waterway last week after Iran launched a series of military exercises.
Iranian general Ataollah Salehi said: "Iran will not repeat its warning. The enemy's carrier has been moved to the Sea
of Oman because of our drill. "I advise, recommend and warn [the US] over the return of this carrier to the Persian Gulf
because we are not in the habit of warning more than once." The latest developments come after French foreign
minister Alain Juppe repeated accusations that Iran was developing nuclear weapons. The Strait of Hormuz is a critical
waterway for tankers carrying crude from Saudi Arabia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Iraq, and for LNG
carriers delivering liquefied natural gas from Qatar, the world's largest exporter." LLOYD’S LIST, 4 January 2012, p 2
Shipping favours military support - By Liz McMahon "Shipping trade associations have welcomed the UK Foreign
Affairs Committee's recommendation that government and industry should investigate whether to use state-managed
military "vessel-protection detachments" instead of private maritime-security firms, writes Liz McMahon. The House of
Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Piracy in Somalia, published today, stated that bodies in the shipping
industry wanted states to provide VPD on board commercial vessels. "Some states, including France, Spain, Israel and
Italy, already provide VPDs to some of their shipping, and Netherlands, Germany and Norway are reportedly
considering providing them," the report said. "VPDs are also being considered for use on World Food Programme
shipments rather than providing a dedicated warship as an escort." The shipping industry has expressed strong
preference for state provision of VPDs, rather than hiring private security firms' armed guards." p 2
Evolution of Somali piracy will be closely watched in 2012 - By Rory Lamrock "Last year was without doubt a
formative year for Somali piracy. As expected, attacks were more audacious and violent than ever before. High-profile
incidents such as the hijacking of Fairchem Bogey at anchor outside Salalah, the arson attempts on Pacific Express
and Brillante Virtuoso , or reports of swarm attacks in the southern Red Sea reminded observers of the seriousness of
the threat and the reality of the changing face of pirate tactics. As detention periods stretched, so did the average
ransom settlement; over the course of the year an estimated $128.5m was collected in ransom money in return for 533
seafarers from 27 different vessels. The highest ransom payment reported to date, $13.5m, was for the release of the
very large crude carrier Irene SL in April. However, the final three months of 2011 marked a turning point. Attacks
dropped to a 15-month low in December, and success rates continued to fall to an average of 9.5% compared to
31.8% in 2010. The drop was partly caused by the onset of the northeastern monsoon in December, but was largely
attributable to the increasingly widespread use of private security detachments and adoption of best management
practices." LLOYD’S LIST, 6 January 2012, p 8
EU calls for shipping to get smart on cyber crime - By Adam Corbett "The shipping industry's awareness of the
need for "cyber security" is "non-existent" and the sector is vulnerable to attack to its critical information and
automated-systems, according to a new report sponsored by the European Union (EU). The European Network and
Information Security Agency (Enisa) is urging the maritime industry to put security measures in place as the EU is
dependent on shipping for more than 50% of its transport needs." TRADEWINDS, 6 January 2012, p 39
MoD rejects industry calls for military armed guards - By Liz McMahon "The UK's Ministry of Defence will not
provide vessel protection detachments to combat piracy in Somalia, defying calls from the parliament's Foreign Affairs
Committee and key shipping bodies for state-led military back-up. In its report yesterday, the committee called for
government engagement with shipping interests to explore whether the industry could pay for VPDs, deploying British
naval or military personnel to protect commercial shipping. The committee made its recommendation after the
Chamber of Shipping and Nautilus International both expressed a strong preference for state provision of VPDs over
private maritime security companies. According to an MoD spokesman, when UK Prime Minister David Cameron first
decriminalised PMSCs, the ministry considered whether to use military VPDs in a similar way but concluded that this
was not an option. The MoD has not changed that view, according to the spokesman." LLOYD’S LIST, 9 January 2012,
p3
China and Philippines in dispute over Sabina Shoal - By Max Lin "In the latest dispute over the South China Sea's
sovereignty, the Philippines has protested to China for intrusion into its waters near Sabina Shoal, a claim that China
denied. The Philippines' Department of Foreign Affairs said China sent a naval ship to accompany two other Chinese
vessels at the vicinity of Sabina Shoal on December 11 and 12, an action raising "serious concerns" from the southeast
Asian country. As the waters are located 123.6 miles from Palawan and within Philippine maritime jurisdiction, the
government has already protested to China's Manila embassy on January 5, according to the DFA. However, China
has said it holds "undisputed sovereignty" over the seas around the Spratly Islands and the Philippines' accusations
are "unreasonable". Political tension has been mounting in the South China Sea over the past year, with China often
aggressive in asserting its territorial claims and other countries retaliating by sending patrols into disputed waters."
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Letters to the Editor: Guards need rights - By Derek Prentis "If a pirate craft opens fire after a warning, the guards
should be able to return fire." LLOYD’S LIST, 10 January 2012, p 6
New drive to agree legal use of arms - By Liz McMahon "States affected by piracy in Somalia have joined forces
with private partners for the first time to tackle black market arms dealing and provide legal and logistical support for
private military security companies. MSB Group launched on January 1, 2012. It describes itself as "a coalition of likeminded states and private entities who have come together to offer a clearly legal and supported logistical structure".
The US-based International Association of Maritime Security Providers has been providing independent supervision.
The project has completed its pilot project and passed its oversight markers. It is not yet clear how many private firms
and states are involved in MSB. IAMSP said members of the group had asked for time to prepare their own statements
about "their specific participation" in the programme." LLOYD’S LIST, 11 January 2012, p 2
Iranian chemical tanker hijacking still unconfirmed - By Tom Leander "The capture of an unnamed Iranian
chemical tanker carrying 30,000 tonnes of petrochemical products reported on Wednesday by an Iranian news agency
remains unconfirmed, . EU Navfor said that while it had no confirmation that pirates had seized an Iranian tanker, "that
doesn't mean it hasn't happened". Industry sources speculate whether the ship is NITC 's 35,124 dwt chemical carrier
Faez said to be in the Gulf of Aden this week. However, an EU Navfor official suggested that the latest report may
have mistakenly recycled the case of Enrico Ievoli , hijacked 215 miles beyond the Port of Salalah before new year
with 18 crew members on board. Enrico Ievoli was carrying about 15,000 tonnes of caustic soda. News of the tanker
hijacking came from an Iranian agency linked to the government. It follows other reports that US forces rescued a
group of Iranian fishermen and captured 15 Somali pirates who had held them for more than a month." LLOYD’S LIST,
13 January 2012, p 2
Regulate armed guards fast, say shipowners - By Liz McMahon "The absence of government-led private maritime
security regulation has left companies confused and unsure where to invest their time and energy, leading many to call
for greater clarity. Since UK prime minister David Cameron legalised armed guards on board ships late last year, the
private maritime security companies industry has boomed. However, demand for armed guards from shipowners was
already growing when this was considered illegal. Now many shipowners require some form of armed protection to
comply with even basic P&I insurance requirements. Despite the industry's growing reliance on PMSC in the fight
against piracy, there is still no formal set of standards to regulate PMSC activities. After power struggles between
organisations representing the sector, PMSCs are waiting for an international move." LLOYD’S LIST, 17 January 2012,
p4
Target standards for armed guards "There’s a lack of clarity around rules for armed guards, argues Patrick
Linnenbank, president of Seraph Protection Group. Discussion at national level around onboard armed guards has
become heated as piracy incidents continue to increase. Private security measures are required because, despite the
undoubted success of naval protection for commercial vessels, coverage is insufficient to provide adequate protection.
Last year, IMO guidelines opened the door for private armed security on board commercial vessels, and many flag
states have started to allow armed security on flagged vessels, with measurable success. But this has placed states
with a high proportion of national flags under pressure and some owners are considering a change of flag, such as in
the Netherlands, while others, such as in Belgium, are lobbying their government for alternatives where they have been
banned from using guards." FAIRPLAY, 19 January 2012, pp 26-27
Nigerian opportunism "Those behind the illegal trade in stolen fuel cargoes are quick to react to changes in Nigerian
government policy. Nigerian piracy did not decline in 2011, it merely moved elsewhere. Denmark-based analyst Risk
Intelligence recorded 70 attacks against offshore oil and gas and maritime targets in 2011, a jump from 58 attacks a
year earlier. The first recorded hijacking of a product tanker off Cotonou, Benin, the Valle Di Cordoba, occurred on 24
December 2010. Subsequently, 33 attacks against tankers were recorded during 2011 and extended as far as Lomé in
Togo. These attacks were focused on hijacking product tankers and stealing the cargo of petroleum products through
ship-to-ship transfer. “These attacks were an opportunistic move, driven by internal Nigerian developments,” Dirk
Steffen, Risk Intelligence’s director of consultancy told Fairplay. “Those developments included the amnesty for former
Niger delta militants, fuel subsidies and political pressure on criminal networks in Nigeria.”" FAIRPLAY, 19 January
2012, p 27
Better data use can cut risks - By John Gallagher "US watchdog report reveals port captains need more training in
using anti-risk programme. The consequences of a terrorist attack on a US port could be reduced if the coast guard
were to provide more risk assessment training to decision-makers in the field, a government report has revealed. The
report, published in December by the US Government ccountability Office (GAO), concluded that while the current risk
assessment computer program used by the US Coast Guard (USCG) does an exemplary job of training specialists
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who input data, officers at various ports don’t always know how best to use the security information produced after the
programme’s data is analysed." FAIRPLAY, 19 January 2012, p 30
TT Club calls for rational approach to security code - By Liz McMahon "Interpreting the International Ship and Port
Facility Security Code demands a common-sense approach that focuses on security procedures and not on
subsequent contamination, according to the TT Club. The club said members had raised concerns over how the code
would work in practice. Members were particularly worried that a breach of security at a port or terminal would make
that facility non-compliant and that this could then have a knock-on effect, ships that called there also then deemed
non-compliant. "On this basis, wherever that ship calls subsequently could also then become contaminated, unable to
accept other ships without them also becoming contaminated or non-compliant. And so on," the club warned. The TT
Club has called for common sense in interpreting and applying the ISPS Code." LLOYD’S LIST, 24 January 2012, p 2
Dutch suspend EU Navfor role “The Dutch have suspended their contribution to EU Navfor and NATO until April,
withdrawing naval supply vessel HNLMS Zuiderkruis. The vessel returned home from the Gulf of Aden on 28
November, but will not be replaced immediately as on previous occasions. Although countries involved in EU Navfor
routinely withdraw vessels from service after a fixed tour of duty, the Dutch decision signals the impact that economic
constraints are having on EU countries’ defence budgets, according to maritime security analysts Dave Sloggett.”
SAFETY AT SEA INTERNATIONAL, February 2012, p 12
Calls for regulation of private security - By Adam Corbett "Industry guidance on the use of force is key for the
future development of professionalism in marine security. Calls are growing for the closer monitoring and regulation of
armed guards operating in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean as there is no official record of their numbers in the
region and the nature of engagements with pirates frequently go unreported. The boom in the use of armed security
guards was triggered by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) circular 1406 in May last year, which in effect
legitimated the practice. A number of “guestimates” by security firms and industry bodies put the figure at between
2,000 and 3,000 security guards, roughly matching the number of active pirates. A UK Foreign Affairs Select
Committee (FAC) report into piracy suggests that between 15% and 25% of vessels operating in the region now have
armed guards and that roughly 50% are former UK military personnel." TRADEWINDS, 27 January 2012, pp 20-21
New licensing simplifies insurance but could restrict PMSCs - By iz McMahon "While new UK legislation
regulating the movement of weapons will speed things up for London market insurers, it could put UK-based private
maritime security companies at a disadvantage. The licensing regime came into effect on February 23, 2012 and
covers UK private maritime security companies carrying out business in the UK or those run by UK persons to engage
in supply, delivery and transfer of controlled goods between overseas territories. The Lloyd's Market Association has
welcomed the agreement it made with the UK government to speed up the authorisations that it and other London
market underwriters need to insure the international movement of weapons and military equipment used by the United
Nations." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 March 2012, p 5
Hidden crime - By Girija Shettar "The cruise industry stands accused of trivialising the existence of serious crime on
its ships. It believes it’s being unfairly targeted. The term ‘serious crime’ encompasses robbery and physical assault but
cruise shipping has come under greatest pressure from allegations of brutal sexual assaults. It is popularly believed
that cruises attract alcohol-related crime among adult passengers, but analysis of reported crime reveals that most
accused are crew members and up to 30% of the victims are children. Since 2005 there have been four US House of
Representatives hearings and two in the Senate, with another this month, dealing with this issue. In 2010 the Cruise
Vessel Safety and Security Act (CVSSA) passed into law. Little progress would have been made without access to
accurate statistics of reported crime but access to this data is under threat because of a legal loophole." FAIRPLAY, 1
March 2012, pp 6-7
Guard contract focuses on regs "BIMCO’s armed guards’ contract to clarify a range of critical regulatory issues. The
arrest in India of two Italian armed guards after the fatal shooting of two Indian fishermen (see p22) underscores the
importance of armed guard contracts. This month the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) is due to
release its own contract, drawn up in consultation with P&I clubs and maritime security companies. The Guardcon
contract will amalgamate the best elements of about 180 contracts held by separate security companies but will have a
strong focus on insurance and SOLAS regulations governing a ship’s master’s authority, Grant Hunter, BIMCO’s chief
officer for contractual and legal affairs, told Fairplay." FAIRPLAY, 1 March 2012, p 29
UK shuns industry-led standards for armed guards - By Liz McMahon "The Security in Complex Environments
Group's inaugural conference has been mandated with creating a new set of standards and accreditation for private
maritime security companies operating in the UK. The event, which is fully subscribed, is taking place at Lancaster
House in London today and follows SCEG's appointment as the UK government's industry partner in this area last
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June. SCEG director Oona Muirhead said standards and accreditation for PMSCs was a matter of urgency. "The issue
of ensuring the industry has credible standards has been kicking around for a long time, but recently anti-piracy
requirements have led to fast growth in the PMS sector, which is really still quite immature," she said. "Many UK
companies are run by ex-servicemen and therefore the levels of professionalism are extremely high and those involved
have a good understanding of the risks and liabilities. "However, it is critical that the new system provides no scope for
maverick companies. There is scope at the moment."" LLOYD’S LIST, 5 March 2012, p 2
Penning to investigate armed guard insurance - By Liz McMahon "UK shipping minister says transparency on
costs is required. Shipping Minister Mike Penning has said that insurers underwriting risks relating to armed guards on
board vessels need "a kick up the backside" and warned that he would be investigating further. Mr Penning said that
insurance companies must be transparent. Maritime Asset Security and Training director Phillip Cable highlighted the
growing pressure to buy blanket block kidnap and ransom insurance. He said that this was a difficult area for many
PMSCs as it was indemnity-based cover, meaning the firm buying the cover needs to demonstrate that it has a
sufficient capital base." LLOYD’S LIST, 7 March 2012, p 4
IMO urged to develop guidelines for PMSCs - By Liz McMahon "The International Maritime Organization has been
urged to help develop guidance for private maritime security companies, as it has for shipowners dealing with piracy.
Speaking yesterday at the Security in Complex Environments Group conference, the UK's Department for Transport
head of maritime and land transport security Linda Willson said that guidance was being drafted, but that the next step
would be for the IMO to choose to take a role in developing guidance as it has for shipowners, flag states and ports
and littoral states. "The International Code of Conduct is a start for PMSCs, but how much does it really tell us? Good
firms will abide by it, but who is checking it?" she said. "There are IMO circulars for shipowners, but what about
PMSCs?"" LLOYD’S LIST, 7 March 2012, p 4
Growth of the go-betweens - By Liz McMahon "Private maritime security companies have evolved at a startling rate:
at the start of the year, roughly 200 PMSCs were registered to trade, 80% of them based in the UK, where the industry
has gained new legitimacy after prime minister David Cameron endorsed the use of armed guards to combat piracy
last year. While legalities remain a problem in some jurisdictions, before Mr Cameron gave his approval the use of
armed guards remained a grey area for shipowners: many that deployed PMSC guards risked invalidating their
insurance. PMSCs themselves appear to take an ambivalent view of middlemen that operate, or are seeking to
operate, in this arena. Most argue that there is no substitute for shipowners or charterers and PMSCs dealing directly
with each other." LLOYD’S LIST, 7 March 2012, p 6
Asian owners call for UN troops to guard ships - By Tom Leander "The Asian Shipowners' Forum has called for a
United Nations resolution that would see the international body sponsor and manage armed personnel on board ships
sailing through pirate-infested waters. The call, in a statement released by ASF on Wednesday, follows the group's
proposal to Working Group 3 of the Contact Group for Piracy Off Coast of Somalia in Washington on February 28. It
said that the proposed deployment could "serve as a mitigation measure while expecting a much-awaited UN
resolution on the root cause of the Somali piracy problem on land"." LLOYD’S LIST, 8 March 2012, p 4
EU demands international regulation for armed guards on ships - By Liz McMahon "The killing in India of two
fishermen mistaken for pirates has reignited the debate about the need for international regulation of armed guards.
Now, after an escalating diplomatic row between Italy and India over the two Italian marines who allegedly killed the
two Indian fishermen last month, the European Union has called for international rules on the use of armed guards on
board ships." LLOYD’S LIST, 15 March 2012, p 2
Schengen Rules under debate "Russia’s St Peter Line has called for changes to border control rules that threaten to
seriously damage its passenger trade. In February the Finnish Border Guard (FBG) informed St Peter Line, which runs
the popular St Petersburg-Helsinki route and another linking St Petersburg with Helsinki, Stockholm and Tallinn via
Mariehamn, that from 30 March 2012, all non-EU citizens travelling on its Princess Anastasia ferry (mostly Russians)
would be subject to a strict interpretation of the Schengen Rules on border control." FAIRPLAY, 15 March 2012, p 27
Regulating armed guards could cost up to $5m a year - By Liz McMahon "The International Code of Conduct's
draft charter for private maritime security companies estimates that accreditation and supervision will cost $3.5m$5.1m a year. Early reactions from PMSCs suggest that while many feel the costs may be reasonable, most are deeply
confused by competing regulatory systems. Confusion centres on how the ICOC draft charter relates to the Security in
Complex Environments Group's standardisation and accreditation scheme and on which other industry standards and
vetting procedures now apply." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 March 2012, p 2
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Nigeria and Benin deemed high-risk areas for seafarers - By David Osler "Seafarers are to get double pay for
serving in the territorial waters of Benin and Nigeria, after they were designated a high risk area by employers and
unions at the International Bargaining Forum. The standing also gives crew the right to sign off, and commits owners to
enhanced security measures. The move, which comes into force on April 1, follows a sharp increase in the number of
attacks on vessels in West Africa, including some incidents in which seafarers have been held for ransom, in apparent
emulation of Somali pirate tactics." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 March 2012, p 2
Benin and Nigeria coasts labelled high-risk - By Adam Corbett "Employers and unions at shipping’s largest
collective-bargaining negotiating forum have agreed to make the piracy-hit region off the west coast of Africa a highrisk area. As exclusively reported in TradeWinds last month, the employers Joint Negotiating Group and the
International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) have been holding discussions under the International Bargaining
Forum (IBF) over the inclusion of Benin and Nigeria under its high-risk-area agreements. The move comes in
response to heightened piracy activity, especially off Benin, which is focussed mainly on cargo theft from tankers and
robbery." TRADEWINDS, 23 March 2012, p 47
Armed guards using floating armouries - By Liz McMahon "Despite the legal grey area that surrounds floating
armouries, they may be permitted if private maritime security companies prove they can fulfil licensing requirements.
One PMSC told Lloyd's List that almost all companies operating in the Gulf of Aden use "flotels" to store weapons,
equipment and men offshore to avoid port charges and weapons regulation. Lloyd's List understands that some 12
floating armouries are stationed in international waters around high-risk areas. Due to a lack of formal regulation for the
industry, practices like this have evolved as PMSCs looked to reduce their costs." LLOYD’S LIST, 27 March 2012, p 2
Mistaken shooting raises armed guard questions “Two armed ship guards were arrested following the fatal
shooting of two Indian fisherman. The guards from Italian 104,255dwt tanker Enrica Lexie shot and killed the men on
15 February after mistaking them for pirates. Steven Jones, director of the Security Association for the Maritime
Industry told SAS. The incident highlighted the need for set of standards and awareness for local fishermen as to how
to avoid placing themselves in danger. He predicted that formal exclusion zones around merchant vessels might be
put in place at some point in the future.” SAFETY AT SEA, April 2012, p 6
BIMCO launches standard armed guard contract - By Liz McMahon "BIMCO's Guardcon standard contract for
employing security guards on vessels is now live, taking a lead in giving shipowners and private maritime security
companies guidance on employment and use of security guards, with or without firearms, on merchant vessels.
Although BIMCO does not want armed security guards to become an institution on board ships, it recognises that while
the industry waits for a permanent long-term solution, armed guards deter pirate attacks. BIMCO chief officer legal and
contractual affairs Grant Hunter said the shipping association had launched the contract to meet demand from the
industry." LLOYD’S LIST, 29 March 2012, p 2
5
Standard setting "The decision to employ guards, armed or not, has not been much of a decision for many owners.
Safety of their crew has overridden lingering concerns about legal grey areas and insurance, but the overwhelming
lack of clarity has nonetheless worried owners, lawyers and security companies alike for some time now. So the
emergence of BIMCO's Guardcon, a standard contract for the employment of security guards on vessels, should be
welcomed as a positive step forward for all concerned." LLOYD’S LIST, 30 March 2012, p 2
Regulation will raise standards for PMSCs - By Liz McMahon "Shipping has been slow to embrace private maritime
security companies but would be in a far worse position without them, according to Protection Vessels International
managing director Barry Roche. Mr Roche said that while anti-piracy measures have helped to combat the problem in
the Gulf of Aden, the situation would have been far harder to manage without armed guards. "What no one actually
talks about is the 40 or so attacks we have repelled," he said. Nevertheless, the PMSC industry must address the lack
of a formal regulatory body, Mr Roche said. Many PMSCs were as eager as anyone to have clear guidelines in place."
LLOYD’S LIST, 5 April 2012, p 2
PMSCs face up to ever-tightening net of regulation - By Liz McMahon "Armed guards have gained credibility but
what impact will calls for accreditation have on this growth business? The International Union of Marine Insurance
spoke out publicly at its annual conference in September in support of armed guards. The reason it gave for its
decision is one that has become almost a mantra for the industry: no vessel with armed guards has been hijacked."
LLOYD’S LIST, 5 April 2012, p 5
‘No alternatives’ to armed guards on board “Despite concerns arising from the recent Enrica Lexie incident, armed
protection on board vessels remains a reality that the shipping industry will have to manage, a conference heard in
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March. Speaking at the Asia Pacific Maritime conference in Singapore, Simon Bennett, the International Chamber of
Shipping’s director of external relations, remarked that many shipowners had decided that they needed to employ
guards but said that they were “not a long-term solution” to piracy. “We need proper regulation of guards and
resolution of liability issues in the event something goes wrong.” He added.” SAFETY AT SEA, May 2012, p 14
Rival providers seek IMO backing on armed guard rules - By Liz McMahon "As the need to regulate private
maritime security becomes increasingly urgent, several bodies have submitted rival proposals seeking support from the
International Maritime Organization's Maritime Security Committee, which meets in May. BIMCO chief executive Giles
Noakes says the IMO has received several submissions from stakeholders and that most are moving in the same
direction, asking how to regulate the industry without going down the legislative route." LLOYD’S LIST, 24 April 2012, p
2
Italy urges India's Supreme Court to free accused marines - By Liz McMahon "As the case against two Italian
marines charged with killing two fishermen from on board Enrica Lexie reaches India's Supreme Court, the Italian
government has urged the court to free the men. According to reports from India, the Italian ambassador has submitted
a petition claiming that the men's detention is illegal and that to try them under Indian law breaches sovereign
immunity. This may be one of the first cases of a foreign government asking another country's supreme court to act
against one of its own municipal courts. The Italian government argues that Indian law should not apply to this case
and that international legislation should take precedence." LLOYD’S LIST, 25 April 2012, p 2
IMO debates rules for armed guards - By Miriam Fahey "The absence of legislation governing the use of armed
guards on commercial vessels in high-risk areas has been a thorn in the side of the shipping industry since piracy
exploded on to the scene in the mid 2000s. A number of security organisations have created guidelines on the use
and deployment of armed guards in the hope that it will eventually become legislation. SAMI (Security Association for
the Maritime Industry) revealed its standard to the public on 10 April. This is due for debate at IMO’s MSC90, to be
held from 16–25 May. The standard is extremely detailed but an eight-page summary was published on SAMI’s
website http://www.seasecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/SAMI-Standard-Executive-Summary.pdf in April." FAIRPLAY,
10 May 2012, pp 28-29
UK proposal likely to be basis for guidance on armed guards - By Adam Corbett "A proposal from the UK
government is likely to provide the basis for much-needed interim guidance on the selection of armed guards and rules
of engagement against pirate attacks. The UK has made its submission as part of a wide-ranging programme of
counterpiracy talks arranged by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) for its upcoming Maritime Safety
Committee (MSC) meeting. It comes as reports of video evidence, which appear to show armed guards continuing to
shoot at a pirate skiff in retreat, heighten concerns over the conduct of private guards." TRADEWINDS, 11 May 2012, p
46
Apathy rules as just eight IMO members respond over armed guards - By Liz McMahon "As the shipping industry
looks to the International Maritime Organization to issue guidance next week on maritime security, it has emerged that
just eight out of 160 member states have provided details to the IMO about how they approach the issue of armed
guards. According to IMO deputy director Chris Trelawny, the organisation contacted all member states last year and
asked them to send in details of their regulatory frameworks or the position they took towards deploying armed guards
on board vessels. The response has been underwhelming. "People want the IMO to deliver some kind of magic bullet
but the situation is extremely difficult," Mr Trelawny said. "I suspect the MSC will increase the number of questions flag
states have to ask but I also hope we can do more than that."" LLOYD’S LIST, 14 May 2012, p 2
Concern grows over Guardcon insurance requirements - By Liz McMahon "Clause12 of BIMCO's muchdiscussed standard contract Guardcon "doesn't work", according to Marsh marine practice managing director Nick
Roscoe. The clause sets out the insurance requirements for private maritime security companies but also stipulates
that the use of firearms or security equipment while on board must not invalidate that insurance. Mr Roscoe asked the
panel at the Tradewinds Marine Risk Forum, held in London on May 9-10, how insurers can be expected to cover what
could be perceived as an unlawful act in certain jurisdictions and circumstances. Panel member and Ince partner
Stephen Askins said the problem had been the "elephant in the room" while Guardcon was being written in
consultation with several liability underwriters and said that it had been recognised as a difficulty." LLOYD’S LIST, 15
May 2012, p 2
States seek international response to fight on piracy - By Liz McMahon "The opening session of the International
Maritime Organization's first high-level policy debate on the use of armed guards has revealed that member states
desire an international response but that differing views may hinder progress. Opening the HLPD, secretary-general
Koji Sekimizu said that anecdotal evidence suggested that the number of ships carrying firearms has increased. Naval
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forces have estimated that around 25% of ships sailing through the high-risk area are now carrying firearms. However,
he added that a number of ships might not be declaring their use of private maritime security companies and that this
may be happening for various reasons such as a lack of flag-state approval. Mr Sekimizu strongly urged any states
that have not yet formally made a decision on armed guards to do so and to make the IMO aware of any conditions
that might exist. He also said that coastal states must clarify their policy of disembarkation and the carriage of weapons
and ensure they promulgate it widely to industry, governments and the IMO." LLOYD’S LIST, 17 May 2012, p 5
Guardcon's wording is not the problem, say insurers - By Liz McMahon "Insurers have said there are no problems
with the wording of Clause 12 of BIMCO's Guardcon standard contract, but have added that there will always be an
issue on what can be covered when a criminal act has been committed by an individual. At Tradewinds Marine Risk
Forum held in London last week Marsh marine practice managing director Nick Roscoe questioned the panel on
Guardcon's Clause 12 and the possible issues surrounding insuring private maritime security companies. In response,
the insurers involved in drafting Guardcon have said they will give support in the event of an incident involving armed
guards until the criminal act is proved. They explained that, for example, they cannot indemnify murder." LLOYD’S
LIST, 17 May 2012, p 5
Armed guard regulation tops the bill at the IMO - By Liz McMahon "The International Maritime Organization
secretary-general Koji Sekimizu opened the much anticipated 90th Maritime Safety Committee on Tuesday, stating
that he hoped a practical solution could be found to the absence of an international minimum standard for armed
guards. While the IMO has previously issued circulars providing guidance on the deployment of private maritime
security companies, Mr Sekimizu admitted that these policies are not uniform among member governments or across
the international shipping industry. "There are at present no agreed minimum performance standards for PMSCs and
ships using such personnel are subject to many diverse legal regimes," he said. I am hopeful that the HLPD [high level
policy debate] today will provide the necessary focus on the issue and how the international community might best
meet the need for practical solutions." Secretary general Sekimizu also points to need for cruise industry to focus on
safety." LLOYD’S LIST, 17 May 2012, p 5
IMO plans to launch global standards for armed guards - By Liz McMahon "The International Maritime
Organization Maritime Safety Committee's first high-level policy debate on armed guards has seen members states
agree to issue guidance for private maritime security companies and to develop an international set of standards. Both
principles will now be considered in more detail by the MSC's working groups but IMO secretary-general Koji Sekimizu
said he hoped that "something tangible" would emerge regarding the guidelines at the end of the MSC's 90th meeting
next Friday. While the committee recommended that member states should decide their own stance towards PMSCs,
Mr Sekimizu said the meeting had generally agreed that there was a need for international guidance to assist policy
making. However he said that this decision was not a recommendation or endorsement in a wider context, adding that
that armed guards "should not be an alternative or replacement for best management practices"." LLOYD’S LIST, 18
May 2012, p 1
A timely intervention "The International Maritime Organization is taking timely and necessary action in launching
global standards for maritime security company personnel on commercial ships. The IMO issued guidance on the use
of armed guards to shipowners last year. By establishing guidelines for the guards, the organisation must now address
the difficult issue of where the master's control and accountability ends and that of the PMSC begins. It will have to
decide the rules for the use of force." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 May 2012, p 2
Maritime security firms want to shape IMO regulation - By Liz McMahon "Despite having welcomed the
International Maritime Organization's decision to develop guidance and an international standard for the industry,
private maritime security companies are demanding the right to be consulted and say they want the shipping industry
to fund the process. The IMO's first high-level policy debate on armed guards opened its 90th meeting of the Maritime
Safety Committee last week. IMO chairman Koji Sekimizu told a press conference that the debate ended with the
decision to develop guidelines and a standard for PMSCs. He said that both would be discussed by working groups
meeting this week." LLOYD’S LIST, 22 May 2012, p 2
Standard ideas "The debate surrounding standards for armed guards may be evolving, but the notion that it is
progressing towards a solution that will be palatable for all is perhaps a little optimistic. After the International Maritime
Organization last week announced its intention to develop a standard and guidelines for the private maritime security
industry, its working groups are now no doubt thrashing out wordings, concepts and ideas. Unfortunately, given the
different attitudes that exist across the IMO member states, it is difficult to imagine what kind of common ground will be
achieved. The European Community Shipowners' Association has called for Brussels to push ahead with developing
standards if the IMO stalls in its deliberations." LLOYD’S LIST, 23 May 2012, p 2
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BIMCO leads the way with contract for armed guards on ships “At the end of March 2012, BIMCO announced the
publication of the GUARDCON standard contract for the employment of security guards on vessels. This new contract
has been developed to provide ship owners and Maritime Private Security Companies (MPSCs) with a fair, balanced
and clearly worded standard contract to govern the employment and use of security guards, with or without firearms,
on board merchant vessels.” BIMCO BULLETIN, April 2012, pp 8-10
PMSCs demand more clarity from port states - By Liz McMahon "Floating armouries unnecessary if port states
'took control'. Private maritime security companies that operate across multiple jurisdictions say they urgently need
more clarity from port states, even though they welcome the latest moves by the International Maritime Organization to
regulate the industry. Mast chief executive Philip Cable said that while most major flag administrations have now
issued clear guidance to shipowners on procedures to allow armed guards to embark on ships under their jurisdictions,
"the same cannot be said about port states". At the opening of the IMO's maritime safety committee last week
chairman Koji Sekimizu urged flag, coastal and port states to decide a national policy on armed guards and to relay
this to governments, the shipping industry and private maritime security providers." LLOYD’S LIST, 24 May 2012, p 2
ISO to develop international standard for armed guards (Ref.IMO)- By Liz McMahon "The International Maritime
Organization has tasked the International Standards Organisation with developing the first global standard for private
maritime security companies. Speaking last week at an IMO maritime safety committee press conference, secretarygeneral Koji Sekimizu announced the decision to provide guidance and an international standard for PMSCs and said
that IMO working groups would discuss the details this week. Lloyd's List now understands that in plenary the IMO
working group recommended guidance to PMSCs and passed this to the ISO as its minimum requirement for setting
the standard." LLOYD’S LIST, 25 May 2012, p 1
Maritime security ‘new order’ - By Girija Shettar "Japan turns to the aviation industry for ideas on boosting antiterrorism security on vessels. The Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF) has proposed improving maritime security by
applying practices gleaned from the aviation industry. The SPF, a division of the Nippon Foundation, made the
proposals to IMO Secretary General Koji Sekimizu, at the opening of the SPF presentation on the afternoon preceding
the IMOMaritime Safety Commission’s 90th session. Presenting the proposals was SPF senior research fellowYurika
Ishii, who said aviation security measures have “effectively reduced the number of hijacking and terrorist incidents” and
although the two industries are different, “airports and seaports are essentially the same." FAIRPLAY, 24 May 2012, p
36
A new frame of mind for armed guards - By Liz McMahon "Research is underway to identify the main issues
relating to the mental health of private maritime security personnel. Professor Neil Greenberg has decided to delve
further into this subject. As well as offering independent support for the maritime industry he is conducting some
research in this area. "Given that security contractors are frequently required to carry out a variety of high-risk tasks,
including convoy duties and the close protection of individuals at risk of suffering harm, it is somewhat concerning that
so little is known about their mental health," he says. He hopes the results of his study may have important health and
commercial implications and may serve as good evidence that the industry is taking the mental health of armed guards
seriously." LLOYD’S LIST, 31 May 2012, p 6
Depressing, distressing work - By Liz McMahon "According to occupational psychiatrist Professor Neil Greenberg,
only two scientific papers have explored the issue of mental health and maritime security. The first is a US study that
examined a group of security contractors who worked in war zones. In this study, 79 contractors, all men and with an
average age of 43, completed an internet-based survey. Prof Greenberg says the findings proved rather concerning.
About 20% of respondents reported having suffered from depression, almost one in three were suffering significant
symptoms of psychological distress, including symptoms that strongly suggested post-traumatic stress disorder, and
around 15% were drinking to excess. Despite this, Prof Greenberg noted that only about one in 10 contractors had
employer-organised access to psychological help following deployment." LLOYD’S LIST, 31 May 2012, p 6
Maritime-security alliance backs ISO move - By Adam Corbett "The Security Association for the Maritime Industry
(Sami) is backing a move to certify its members through the International Organisation for Standards (ISO) system,
even though the policy would appear to run counter to its own accreditation scheme. The International Maritime
Organisation (IMO) says its Maritime Safety Committee agreed last week to establish a standard for private maritimesecurity companies (PMSCs) through the ISO. In a statement, the IMO said: “The ISO is best placed to develop
international standards for PMSCs based on IMO guidance.”" TRADEWINDS, 1 June 2012, p 86
Belgium offers clarity over use of armed guards - By Roger Hailey "Belgium's shipowners have welcomed a
decision by their government to push forward legislation allowing the use of armed guards on Belgian flag vessels. The
announcement to shipowners' association KBRV came directly from Belgian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of
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Economy, Consumers and North Sea, Johan Vande Lanotte. KBRV's annual general meeting at the end of May heard
from Mr Vande Lanotte that legislation will be laid before Belgium's national parliament in Brussels by the end of June,
with implementation by October this year, after a vote of MPs. It is likely that the new legislation allowing armed guards
will be reviewed as and when required, probably on the issue of accreditation. It will take its lead from the International
Maritime Organization's recently unveiled first guideline document on the use of armed guards on ships." LLOYD’S
LIST, 7 June 2012, p 2
Armed guard guidelines launched "A guide covering the use of armed guards onboard vessels at risk from piracy
was unveiled on the last day of the IMO’s 90th maritime safety committee (MSC90). This first international guidance
for private maritime security companies (PMSC) providing contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the
High Risk Area (HRA) addresses concerns that cause enormous anxiety to shipowners, operators and crew operating
in the HRA piracy affected areas of the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The guidance
recommends on professional certification, business requirements and management of PMSCs as well the deployment
of their personnel. Providers will be expected to obtain professional certification against national and international
standards, once these are established. On company requirements, the IMO’s recommendation is that PMSCs establish
procedures by which they provide their services to shipowners and operators and that they should comply with all legal
requirements." FAIRPLAY, 7 June 2012, p 24
EU orders report on tanker security - By Roger Hailey “Brussels is to study the consequences of a terrorist attack
on a tanker carrying liquefied natural gas, oil or chemicals. The European Commission's mobility and transport
directorate has called for tender documents on the study - the latest in a series of maritime security reports - to be
submitted by August 15.” LLOYD’S LIST, 19 June 2012, p. 5
Comment: Reality, not tick boxes, should drive armed security debate "A number of maritime organisations are
calling for rigid international standards on the deployment of weapons by private contracted armed security personnel
(PCASPs) providing anti-piracy security. But if and when regulations are developed, it is important they take into
account two fundamental concepts of seamanship and security: the speed with which things happen at sea and ‘standoff’ distances. Current guidance on the use of weapons states that PCASPs should only deploy deadly force as part of
a “graduated response plan”. While this plays an important role in identifying and warning innocent vessels that don’t
have harmful intent, the reality is that circumstances often overtake a graduated response, forcing vessels to go from
normal sailing to fighting for their lives in a matter of seconds." FAIRPLAY, 28 June 2012, pp 24-25
Terrorist involvement is ‘unlikely’ - By Jonathan Boonzaier "Fears have been raised since the piracy issue
became a hot topic globally that terrorist groups are, or may soon become, involved in pirate activity. Andrew
Nicholson, director of maritime at Poole-based business-risk consultancy Drum Cussac, does not believe there is any
terrorist involvement in piracy, nor will there be any in the future. “We haven’t seen any established links between the
pirates and terrorist organisations. Pirates are not martyrs fighting for a cause. They are in it for the money, and only
the money. They don’t want the terrorists to get involved. They don’t want anyone else to come in and take a slice of
the nice little business they’ve got going for themselves.”" TRADEWINDS, 29 June 2012, p 19
US House passes legislation for ports security review - By Rajesh Joshi "Yet another port security law is being
readied to join the patchwork of US regimes already in place, after the House of Representatives passed the Gauging
American Port Security Act sponsored by Democratic California Congresswoman Janice Hahn. The legislation requires
the US Homeland Security Secretary, within one year after the Bill becomes law, to "conduct a study of, and submit to
the Congress a report on, remaining gaps in port security in the US" and submit a "prioritisation plan" to address these
gaps. Ms Hahn said: "Ports are a huge piece of our economy and an attack or disruption would have a disastrous
impact on American jobs and the economy." LLOYD’S LIST, 3 July 2012, p 3
Security industry offers to train naval forces - By Liz McMahon "Private maritime security companies can ease the
pressure on overstretched international navies by facilitating training programmes for countries such as Somalia,
according to Mast operational director David Summerfield. Mr Summerfield was speaking yesterday at a Royal United
Services Institute conference on maritime security with a theme of industry's role in supporting tomorrow's maritime
security capacity. "As PMSCs, we wanted to communicate how we could support navies and also offer reassurance
that a recognised PMSC standard was imminent. There has been a lot of concern over disreputable companies." A
main message Mr Summerfield promoted was the potential role PMSCs could play to help international navies that are
battling with stretched resources." LLOYD’S LIST, 6 July 2012, p 3
Insurers bite bullet on armed guards - By Jon Guy "Insurers increasingly back use of armed security on vessels
traversing areas of high piracy risk. As piracy costs to global trade hit $12Bn, calls grow for greater regulation of
armed security teams aboard vessels. However, there are clear divisions between the maritime industry, their insurers
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and national governments. The latest figures show that, far from decreasing, piracy attacks still blight the industry, with
west African waters seeing a significant leap in attacks while, in the Indian Ocean, Somali-based piracy teams continue
to attack and seize merchant vessels." FAIRPLAY, 12 July 2012, pp 18-19
Master the unexpected - By Nicola Good "Ex-soldier, war reporter and hostage launches ground-breaking maritime
security degree. Head of the Greenwich Maritime Institute, Prof Bellamy has been instrumental in launching what is
claimed to be the first postgraduate degree in maritime security. The course, which was validated by the University of
Greenwich in January, starts in September and, says Prof Bellamy, its introduction is timely. "In the next 20 years, the
volume of trade carried at sea is set to rise by 50% from the 35,000bn tonne miles it is now. At the same time the
world's navies are set to shrink 30% in terms of ship numbers. This will leave a gap and private maritime security is
going to play a role in squaring that circle," he says." LLOYD’S LIST, 12 July 2012, p 12
Ship details under wraps after incident off Yemen - By Lucy Hine "An LNG carrier came under attack off Yemen in
early June but details are being kept under wraps. Several industry players have referred to the incident but all have
proved reluctant to name the vessel involved or explain what happened. One indicates it was “rebels taking a pot-shot”
at the ship. Security is a particularly sensitive issue in Yemen, which has seen the feedgas pipeline to its Balhaf
liquefaction plant hit by militants disrupting supply, leading to cargoes being cancelled." TRADEWINDS, 13 July 20`12,
p 18
Berlin approves draft law for armed guards - By Katrin Berkenkopf "The German government has finally approved
the draft law that will ultimately govern the employment of private maritime security companies on board Germanyflagged vessels. However, the new rules are not expected to be in place for at least another 12 months. The federal
export control authority BAFA will be responsible for the certification process, in co-operation with the federal border
police. Authorisation will be carried out according to the guidelines of the International Maritime Organization."
LLOYDS’ LIST, 19 July 2012, p 2
Illicit arms traders step up their use of containers - By Roger Hailey "Arms traffickers are turning to global
maritime containers as the means to transport deadly cargo. The virtues of containerised supply chains, speed and
efficiency — plus the added bonus of anonymity granted by millions of boxes — are the same ones that make them
attractive to illicit traders. In a major report earlier this year, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found
that arms proliferation networks are “increasingly adopting techniques pioneered by drug trafficking organisations that
integrate their logistics operations within the global supply chain through the use of sealed shipping containers”. The
boxes are carried on board vessels owned by mainstream shipping companies engaged in innocent, legal trade, so
providing an extra layer of respectability for traffickers to camouflage their activities." LLOYD’S LIST, 24 July 2012, p 6
Shooting reignites debate over the rules of engagement - By Liz McMahon “A controversy involving the mistaken
shooting of fishermen that has been likened to the Enrica Lexie case has led industry experts to call for the
involvement of all affected parties in regulatory discussions on rules for the use of force.” LLOYD’S LIST, 25 July 2012,
p2
Was UN criticism of armed guards justified? - By Liz McMahon “Last week, a leaked report from the UN Monitoring
Group on piracy in Somalia was a damning indictment of the private maritime security industry. It claimed that unless
the situation changed dramatically and urgently, the industry was more likely to exacerbate the problem of piracy,
rather than contribute to any kind of solution. Not surprisingly, the report has raised the hackles of many private
maritime security firms and industry body the Security Association for the Maritime Industry spoke out immediately in
defence of its members. It argued that PMSCs were making every effort to facilitate a regulatory structure.” LLOYD’S
LIST, 25 July 2012, p 6
Asian owners call for UN protection – By Adam Corbett and Jim Mulrenan “United Nations (UN) governments are
ready to consider a proposal from Asian shipowners that vessels operating in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean
should be given protection by UN troops. The proposal was put to the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of
Somalia (CGCPS) by the Asian Shipowners’ Forum (ASF) at a meeting in London. The ASF says James Hughes, who
heads the CGCPS, told its representatives at the meeting that he would put the proposal to government members for
consideration. The proposal involves UN troops being deployed on converted merchant ships acting as floating bases.
The troops would then board ships before they transit piracy danger zones. An ASF spokesperson said: “The ASF
hopes that the counter-piracy proposal will be considered seriously and brought to fruition by the entire UN body as
soon as possible.”” TRADEWINDS, 27 July 2012, p 38
Only 50 UK maritime security companies have licences - By Liz McMahon "A freedom of Information request to
the UK government revealing that only 50 private maritime security companies hold any form of licence from the
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Department of Business, Innovation and Skills again raises the question of how many PMSCs are operating outside
the law. In the aftermath of London’s conference on piracy in Somalia in February, a new Open General Trade Control
Licence was created and PMSCs have been able to apply for this since then. Prior to that, they needed to hold an
Open Individual Trade Control Licence. On July 2, only 50 companies held either licence, despite the Security
Association for the Maritime Industry claiming to have 167 members, 80 of which are based in the UK." LLOYD’S LIST,
27 July 2012, p 1
Maritime security firms hope ISO meeting will accelerate armed guard regulation - By Liz McMahon "The
maritime security industry is “crying out for standards” and hopes a two-day meeting with the International Standards
Organisation and relevant stakeholders will lead to establishing international regulation for armed guards by
November. The ISO meeting was held at Interpol’s headquarters on Thursday and Friday. Experts were asked to give
an account of their experiences in maritime security and piracy and also gave their view on what the ISO standard
should achieve, based on their experience. The Security in Complex Environments Group has been working with the
UK government in developing regulation for armed guards since June last year." LLOYD’S LIST, 30 July 2012, p 2
Industry Viewpoint: Security on the cheap - By Michael Grey "If security matters — and we are given to
understand from the security services professionals who warn us endlessly about the disruptive efforts of violent
jihadists, that it does — then it is surely not something that can be undertaken on the cheap, with casual labourers
hired like deckchair attendants when the sun comes out at the seaside? Most of us believe that one of the prime
responsibilities of navies is to provide protection for commercial shipping, but here again there has been an attempt to
do it on the cheap. The shipping industry would have much rather not had to employ private security guards, but saw
little alternative as governments (except in a few cases) were not going to provide them with government
professionals." LLOYD’S LIST, 30 July 2012, p 12
To the rescue Royal Navy warships protect stricken boxship - By David Osler "Two Royal Navy ships intervened
to protect stricken boxship New Delhi Express after it suffered an engine breakdown in the Gulf of Aden last week,
making it an easy target for the pirates that continue to menace the region. After hearing a distress call and sailing
towards the merchant vessel, the warships readied their weapons and maintained a patrol around it for several hours,
protecting the vessel’s crew and cargo from the threat of attack until it had fixed its engines and continued north."
Seagull security training gets green light “A comprehensive ship security training package, developed by computerbased training (CBT) specialist Seagull, has received Norwegian Maritime Authority (NMA) approval. The programme
fully complies with the Manila Amendments to the STCW Convention and Code. The courses will be available in
September. Seagull has issued more than 10,000 ship security officer (SSO) certificates since 2003, and these will
remain in force until 1 January 2017. The revised STCW introduces more stringent requirements for onboard security
training, with a particular focus on ensuring that seafarers are properly trained in case of attack by pirates.” FAIRPLAY
SOLUTIONS, August 2012, p 8
Sami forces all members to apply for accreditation - By Liz McMahon "While some private maritime security
companies have welcomed the Security Association for the Maritime Industry’s decision to make accreditation a
compulsory part of its membership, others have questioned its motives. Currently 16 companies have successfully
passed through stage one of the Sami programme, and a further 40 are in the process. Sami has 167 members and
the accreditation programme was launched in February. Sami’s decision to change its membership rules comes after
Lloyd’s List reported that the PMSC certification from the International Organization for Standardisation (ISO),
endorsed by the International Maritime Organization, would not be available until July 2013." LLOYD’S LIST, 3 August
2012, p 2
Belgium and Italy give the green light to armed guards - By Liz McMahon "Belgium and Italy have become the
latest two European countries to authorise the use of armed guards as a counter-piracy measure. The Belgian
government has approved the use of private maritime security companies in a measure to protect vessels transiting the
high-risk area in the Gulf of Aden. Local reports state the decision was prompted by Belgian shipowners. The Belgian
government also said it was committed to having a very strict process for approving armed guards. Initially, PMSCs will
only be permitted in the HRA and the approval is currently limited to a period of two years. Both moves follow
Germany’s decision to regulate certification for armed guards last month." LLOYD’S LIST, 7 August 2012, p 2
US warns shipping to beware bogus surveillance - By David Osler "Intelligence sources say suspicious activity
may herald ‘more specific interference’. Unknown entities are carrying out surveillance on shipping in the Gulf of
Oman, the Strait of Hormuz and the Middle East Gulf, the US Office of Naval Intelligence has warned in a circular. In
one recent case, a vessel was asked for information about its crew complement and master’s name, purportedly by a
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named vessel that has since been renamed and was in fact operating elsewhere. The ONI said that it could not assess
at this stage whether the queries originated ashore or from vessels within the region, but has ruled out the fact that
they came from the vessel to which the request was attributed." LLOYD’S LIST, 7 August 2012, p 2
France hands EU Navfor baton to Italy - By Liz McMahon “France has handed over sea command of the European
Union Naval Force to Italy in the 12th rotation of the EU Naval Force command. In a ceremony held on Monday on
board French warship FS Marne , French Rear-Admiral Jean-Baptiste Dupuis handed over to Italian Rear-Adm Enrico
Credendino, who embarked new EU flagship ITS San Giusto . The ceremony was presided over by EU Naval Force
deputy commander Rear-Adm Galtiero Matesi, who is based at the operation’s headquarters in Northwood, London.”
West of England P&I Club strikes PMSC vetting deal - By Liz McMahon "The West of England P&I Club has
become the latest club to formally announce a partnership with an independent armed guard vetting firm. The club said
it had secured preferential terms for Flag Victor to vet potential private maritime security companies against the criteria
set out in the International Maritime Organization’s interim guidance to shipowners. At its Maritime Safety Committee
meeting in May, the IMO accepted that the increased threat to shipping had resulted in the growing use of armed
guards, although it made clear it did not endorse this practice." LLOYD’S LIST, 13 August 2012, p 2
Hutchison takes the lead to test nuclear material scanners - By Janet Porter "CAT litter has been used to test
equipment designed to detect radioactive materials hidden in a container that could be used to build a dirty bomb.
Several everyday cargoes such as ceramic tiles, bananas and cat litter emit low levels of radiation and the
manufacturers of the first passive scanner of its kind have shown that these will not send out false alarms that could
cause transport havoc. Global port operator Hutchison has teamed up with the US company Decision Sciences,
developer of a scanner that can detect nuclear or radioactive substances being shipped illegally. Demonstrations took
place last week at Freeport Container Port, the transhipment hub in the Bahamas, located just 65 miles from Florida,
with live operations starting this week." LLOYD’S LIST, 14 August 2012, p 5
Vessels with armed guards are ‘most vulnerable’ entering port - By Liz McMahon "Confusion over weapons
transfer in the high-risk area must be addressed as it is only a matter of time before an armed team comes under
attack as its arms are bonded or put away, warns the private maritime security industry. “As piracy extends south round
the coast of Africa from Somalia, ships are threatened as they go into port but this is exactly where private maritime
security companies tend to disengage because of port authority rules,” said Redfour security consultant Martin Brown.
“We have already seen very daring attacks on ships in the Red Sea when anchored or drifting, waiting for armed teams
to arrive.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 16 August 2012, p 1
PMSCs vow to clean up their act - By Nicola Good "Efforts to regulate the private maritime security sector may be
under way but there are concerns about whether existing standards of weapons training will prevent a serious incident
involving armed guards. “When it comes to weapons training, the quality and thoroughness is generally not as good as
most people would expect it to be,” says Gray Page head of asset protection Jim Mainstone. “This is surprising
because most maritime armed guarding companies employ ex-military or ex-law enforcement personnel and they
should be fully aware of the requirements and appropriate standards.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 16 August 2012, p 6
Shipmanagers turn to multiple suppliers as demand grows - By Nicola Good "Armed guards come in all shapes
and sizes and from diverse backgrounds. Rapid growth within the private maritime security sector means that PMSC
recruitment and training standards can vary quite dramatically. “Most PMSCs use ex-military personnel and give them
very sophisticated additional role-specific training,” says Bernhard Schulte Shipmanagement Group loss prevention
safety and quality superintendent Ulrich Ganz. “But we have had a case of a guard whose last job was a disco bouncer
and another person who detailed the high point of their security career as protecting a fashion designer during a fiveday visit to Greece. And while some PMSCs do have their own training facilities, [others] hire guys over the phone and
never see them.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 16 August 2012, p 6
Sri Lanka pushes security firms to offshore armouries - By Liz McMahon "Private maritime security companies
are being forced offshore in Sri Lanka because its port authorities refuse to recognise UK licences and are telling firms
to hire weapons from a local offshore armoury or face a ban on operating there. The Sri Lanka authorities have refused
to accept UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills open general trade control licences and will not let PMSCs
bring their own weapons into port. Instead, a joint venture established between private Sri Lankan company Avant
Garde and the country’s Ministry of Defence has set up an offshore armoury. Lloyd’s List understands that PMSCs
have been told to rent weapons from this offshore armoury or face a ban on operating out of Sri Lanka." LLOYD’S
LIST, 17 August 2012, p 1
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Clean Hormuz crash provides retention merit – By Adam Corbett “The collision between a Japanese tanker and a
US Navy vessel in the Strait of Hormuz over the weekend might provide some clues for the US Maritime Administration
(Marad)’s research project into the merits of double hulls. The Mitsui OSK Lines (MOL)-controlled 312,000-dwt
Otowasan (built 2005) hit the US warship USS Porter at 1am on Sunday. The VLCC was fully laden and was sailing
between Qatar, where it loaded at Mesaieed, and Fujairah, where it was scheduled to bunker. Despite the intensity of
the collision, it appears no cargo or fuel oil has been spilled from either vessel.” TRADEWINDS, 17 August 2012, p 26
UK calls for Operation Atalanta to extend beyond 2014 - By Liz McMahon "Operation Atalanta must extend
beyond 2014 and the UK needs to increase its vessel contribution, the House of Lords has urged in its follow-up report
on piracy in Somalia and European Union involvement. Operation Atalanta’s mandate will come up for review in
December 2014. Giving evidence, however, EU special representative for the Horn of Africa Alexander Rondos said
the operation might need to roll over, although the EU needed to prepare an exit strategy. The Council of Somali
Organisations called for Operation Atalanta and the EU’s other missions to extend well beyond 2014, perhaps to 2018,
to reflect the pace of training of Somali security forces and deployment of the national army." LLOYD’S LIST, 21
August 2012, p 2
House of Lords has a change of heart on armed guards - By Liz McMahon "In its previous report on piracy in
Somalia, the House of Lords said private security guards should not be placed on commercial shipping as this would
increase the risks to ships and crew. Now, new evidence put forward since the industry’s effective legalisation has
prompted the house to reconsider. In October 2011, the government revised its policy to enable UK-flag ships to use
armed guards. The follow-up report, Turning the Tide on Piracy, Building Somalia’s Future, published today, thus
allows the house to review the situation." LLOYD’S LIST, 21 August 2012, p 2
Dutch shipowners defy national ban on armed guards - By Liz McMahon "Although the private maritime security
industry has grown exponentially over the past year, the rise of the private maritime security company has not spread
evenly across the globe. PMSC growth has been fairly UK-centric, leaving some shipowners frustrated by their
governments’ reluctance to embrace armed guards. Martin Dorsman from shipowners’ association KVNR told one
Dutch newspaper: “No ship sails the coast of Somalia without protection. As long as the military cannot provide this, we
will do so ourselves.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 21 August 2012, p 6
Nigeria urged to rethink its stance on private security - By Liz McMahon “Industry sources have urged Nigeria’s
government to revise its stance on private maritime security, and warned that an all-out transition to private armed
security could fuel corruption and violence if not handled properly, according to Bergen Risk Solutions. Certified
Institute of Shipping of Nigeria rector Okwuashi Favour Alex has written a paper that advocates using commercial
armed guards as part of a maritime security strategy. LLOYD’S LIST, 22 August 2012, p 2
Nigerians hold solution to piracy and oil theft - By Liz McMahon “Whether international PMSCs will ever be able to
operate in Nigeria will very much be a Nigerian decision, according to G4S head of maritime security Martin Ewence.
Speaking to Lloyd’s List after a recent trip to Nigeria, Mr Ewence said: “Nigeria is keen to maintain authority over the
handling of weaponry.” LLOYD’S LIST, 22 August 2012, p. 2
First maritime security firm wins ISO certification - By Liz McMahon "Private maritime security company Ambrey
Risk is the first PMSC to gain ISO 9001:2008 status from Lloyd’s Register QualityAssurance. LRQA said in a statement
that the scope of Ambrey’s certification was designed specifically for provision of maritime security for vessels in the
commercial shipping and oil and gas industries. However, ISO 9001:2008 focuses on quality management systems.
The International Organisation of Standards’ website states: “All requirements of ISO 9001:2008 are generic and are
intended to be applicable to all organisations, regardless of type, size and product provided.”" LLOYD’S LIST, 23
August 2012, p 2
Kenya moves on up - By Karen Thomas "Kenya is central to efforts to drive al-Shabaab militants out of neighbouring
Somalia and to stamp out regional piracy. That involvement has seen al-Shabaab threaten retribution in Kenya’s
waters and on its streets. Berthed next to the ferry terminal is the German frigate Bremen. The warship is in town under
an exchange programme with Mombasa’s piracy information-sharing centre. The ISC opened last year, commissioned
by the International Maritime Organization to monitor pirate movements in western Indian Ocean waters." LLOYD’S
LIST, 23 August 2012, p 12
Sri Lanka and India strengthen maritime security co-operation - By Liz McMahon "The Indian and Sri Lankan
coastguards have met to discuss a co-operative approach to maritime security at a time of heightened tension between
two nations under pressure to respond to piracy-related issues. Sri Lanka Coast Guard director-general Rear Admiral
Ruwan Dias and Vice-Admiral MP Muralidharan, director-general of the Indian Coast Guard, met on Monday at the
Ministry of Defence in New Delhi. The meeting followed a string of alleged attacks on Indian fishermen by the Sri
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Lankan navy which have heightened tensions between the two countries. However, India’s MoD said that Sri Lanka’s
visit continued efforts by both governments to cement co-operation between their coastguards, focusing on “maritime
issues of mutual concerns” such as piracy and pollution." LLOYD’S LIST, 29 August 2012, p 1
Collaborative approach welcomed by PMSCs "Private maritime security companies will also welcome the
collaborative approach. The industry has voiced frustration over conflicting or problematic weapons transfer regulations
at ports in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean. Firms have reported particular difficulties recently in Sri Lanka and the
UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office is investigating Colombo’s approach to international PMSCs. Meanwhile, the
Indian government has answered questions about piracy-related issues raised by MPs. Responding to a request for
information, the Indian Minister of Shipping GK Vasan said 43 Indian citizens were being held by Somali pirates."
Security ‘a burden’ on trade “Security costs have a significant impact on logistics operators, believes Mathias
Günther, company security officer of box ship operator Hamburg Süd. He will address a session at the Maritime
Security and Defence conference being held during next week’s SMM exhibition in Hamburg, where he is expected to
say piracy is a burden on global trade that inflicts major losses upon international shipping.” FAIRPLAY, 31 August
2012, p 35
Sami criticised for not considering PMSC past - By Liz McMahon "The Security Association for the Maritime
Industry faces criticism after it came to light that a private maritime security company’s history is not vetted during the
certification process. Secure a Ship UK operations and business director Paul Maguire said it was a shame companies
that had made mistakes or had been involved in incidents could “get away with it”. However, he added if they could
demonstrate they had learned from their mistakes, then their history could be deemed a good thing." LLOYD’S LIST, 3
September 2012, p 2
US vessel set to leave Venezuela after arms charges are dropped - By Rajesh Joshi “A sticky situation involving
the US-flag heavylift ship Ocean Atlas in Maracaibo, Venezuela appears to have been resolved, after local authorities
dropped charges relating to alleged arms trafficking after rifles used by the ship to guard against pirates were found on
board. Mark Miller, spokesman for Crowley Liner Services, which operates the ship, said on Monday morning that the
ship had been cleared to sail but was still at the Venezuelan port at the time of writing.” LLOYD’S LIST, 12 September
2012, p 4
Detention highlights need to regulate PMSCs - By Liz McMahon “The detention of Ocean Atlas in Venezuela for
nearly two weeks has generated its share of speculative press but it highlights the ever-pressing need for international
co-ordination in regulating armed guards, writes Liz McMahon. Nexus Consulting is the private maritime security
company employed by Intermarine to provide security services to Ocean Atlas . The rifles stored on board the vessel
are the property of Nexus.” LLOYD’S LIST, 12 September 2012, p 4
Sri Lanka launches floating armoury - By Liz McMahon “The Sri Lankan Ministry of Defence has deployed a
floating armoury off the coast of Galle and all land-based naval armouries will cease to operate, causing concern over
rising costs and problems with regulation for UK private maritime security companies. Plans for the floating armoury
were first revealed by Lloyd’s List in August and it will now launch operations on October 15. The MoD said it had
made the move due to national security concerns. It has entrusted the running of the floating armoury to commercial
firm Avant Garde Maritime Private.” LLOYD’S LIST, 26 September 2012, p 2
Newsmaker of the Year: Security Association for the Maritime Industry - By Liz McMahon "Prior to the UK’s
landmark decision to legalise the use of armed guards on commercial vessels in October last year, private maritime
security companies very much operated in what can only be described as a grey area in shipping. Although the
escalating risk of piracy was forcing armed guards onto everyone’s agenda, PMSCs were still viewed as “gun-toting
cowboys operating out of a garden shed” by a majority of the shipping industry. There has yet to be an incident
formally reported involving the hijack of a vessel with armed guards on board. That, coupled with the undeniable fact
that piracy in the Gulf of Aden has dropped for the first time in five years, makes for a compelling case for the use of
PMSCs." LLOYD’S LIST, 27 September 2012, p 3
PMSC meeting sparks debate “Mixed reactions have followed the first meeting to develop a global standard for
private maritime security companies (PMSCs). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) held a
meeting on 26 and 27 July at Interpol’s headquarters in Lyon, France, to develop a publicly available specification of
ISO 28007 based on IMO guidance. Steven Jones, a director at the Security Association for the Maritime Industry
(SAMI), described the meeting as “focused and productive – the first tangible step towards production of ISO 28007”.”
SAFETY AT SEA, October 2012, p 14
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Legal fears delay release of rules on use of lethal force - By Liz McMahon "A definitive set of seven rules for the
use of force is being drafted, aiming to alleviate uncertainty and liability over the most problematic issues with having
hired guns on vessels. The 100 Series Rules have been drawn up by industry stakeholders, including shipping
organisations, flag states, maritime insurers and the private maritime security industry, represented by the Security
Association for the Maritime Industry. However, the rules have yet to be published because of the complexities
surrounding the use of lethal force. The industry is waiting with bated breath for the International Organisation for
Standardisation’s ISO 28007, which, it is hoped, will provide a clear framework on which both shipowners and private
maritime security companies can rely." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 November 2012, p 2
Employing unarmed security teams has ‘no benefit’ - By Liz McMahon "Shipowners should think carefully about
the consequences of moving from using armed to unarmed guards as the perceived threat of piracy in the Indian
Ocean diminishes. Martin Nethercot worked as a unarmed guard for security company Redfour on New York Star
when it was attacked in February 2011. He said if the security team had been armed, the incident would not have
escalated to “such dangerous and potentially catastrophic levels”. However, at Combating Piracy Week in London last
week, several shipowners mooted the idea of using unarmed guards to protect vessels, seeing it as a legitimate
halfway house in terms of security." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 November 2012, p 2
Sri Lanka’s anti-piracy tug of war – By Rohan Gunasekera “The island nation’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) went
ahead with a 15 October deadline to shift weapons stored at the naval armoury in Galle to a tug offshore, despite
concerns raised by sections of the maritime industry. Diplomatic consultations on the issue have been going on
between the British and Sri Lankan governments after private maritime security companies using the island for sea
marshal transfers raised concerns over the floating storage concept. Sri Lanka’s MoD had earlier sought assurances
from the UK government on the bona fides of private military and security companies (PMSCs) and accountability for
their weapons.” FAIRPLAY, 1 November 2012, p 21
New entrant joins armed guard vetting market - By Liz McMahon "Yet another independent company vetting
armed guards has entered the market, this time focusing on individual contractors. The majority of the privately
contracted armed security personnel are vetted by the security companies that employ them. While other auditors
would be likely to argue that their procedures also take into account individuals employed by the private maritime
security company, it is likely they would rely on the PMSC’s recordkeeping to verify the status of its staff. The Armed
Contractors’ Register is a free service. It said the qualifications it vets against are based on BIMCO’s Guardcon. ACR
said only users with a full set of required qualifications would be accepted on to the register." LLOYD’S LIST, 2
November 2012, p 2
Cartel arrests should boost West Africa maritime security - By Liz McMahon "Although maritime security may
improve in West Africa, following the arrest of several people alleged to be significant players in cargo theft cartels,
there is a real risk that opportunistic operators will fill the void. In its monthly Niger Delta security briefing, the risk
management firm said the joint taskforce plans to continue the counter bunkering and illegal refining operations that
have significantly disrupted the cartels responsible for these crimes. The intelligence gathered from these raids will
support further activity in coming weeks, the report said. However, Bergen Risk also warned that “grudge attacks” —
caused by personal conflict, envy, disputes over payments and contracts and turf wars between gangs of bunkering
thieves — would thwart moves to create and maintain a safe and secure environment." LLOYD’S LIST, 6 November
2012, p 5
Creating a security culture – By Steven Jones “Seafarers have shown a degree of antipathy to the security
measures that have been enforced in recent years. This seems to stem mostly from a fear of the added burden that
the ISPS Code has brought with it. The task for ship operators and Masters is to engage all personnel as everyone
must be involved in security processes and understand the benefits.” SEAWAYS, November 2012, pp 7-9
Draft rules provide ‘legal certainty’ to self-defence - By Liz McMahon "The advanced draft of the 100 Series Rules
for the Use of Force gives a legal basis for acts of self-defence, even though many in the industry feared otherwise,
according to Quadrant Chambers barrister David Hammond, who authored the 100 Series Rules. Mr Hammond said
he submitted an agreed framework document on rules for use of force on behalf of representative industry
stakeholders following last month’s RUF Conference at Quadrant Chambers. Having attracted a broad consensus, this
was subsequently accepted by the International Organisation for Standardisation last month." LLOYD’S LIST, 7
November 2012, p 1
Tanzania implements surveillance system “The first phase of a Tanzanian project to upgrade maritime security and
safety in the Mozambique Channel was marked by the implementation of an integrated radar and AIS coastal
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surveillance system. Completion of the installation was celebrated with a ceremony in Dar es Salaam on 17
September attended by the IMO special representative for maritime security, Hartmut Hesse, and representatives of
the Tanzanian and US governments – the three partners in the scheme.” PORTS AND HARBORS,
November/December 2012, p 4
PMSC standards "At the end of the month the long-awaited ISO PAS 28007 will be presented to the International
Maritime Organization’s Maritime Safety Committee, seven months after the body gave the International Standards
Organisation the mandate to create it. An international standard relating to guns on commercial vessels was always
going to be a gargantuan task, not least because certain countries have still not said openly whether they deem the
practice to be legal or not. Initially, a main concern was that the use of armed guards in piracy high-risk areas would
only serve to escalate levels of violence. It is fair to say this fear has been fairly unfounded. Other worries have
focused on how rules for the use of force could operate in practice and in particular the transit of weapons. Now, even
as the draft becomes more established, stakeholders are still finding the issue of insurance a concern." LLOYD’S LIST,
ISO meeting undecided on armed guards insurance - By Liz McMahon "The International Organization for
Standards’ has ended its second meeting on ISO PAS 28007, its draft standard for private maritime security
companies, with many questions yet to be answered about the implications for insurance coverage. The meeting was
hosted by the European Commission in Brussels last week. Around 50 people attended including senior
representatives from the commission, the International Maritime Organization secretariat, Nato, the Security
Association for the Maritime Industry, BIMCO, the African Maritime Safety and Security Agency, marine insurers and
specialist lawyers. Mr Townsend of Lloyd’s Register said there was extensive discussion on the implications for
insurance within the standard. “This is a highly complex subject that needs to be looked at from many angles."
LLOYD’S LIST, 13 November 2012, p 2
Feeling insecure? - By Tom Leander "The main players in the complex business of hiring and deploying armed
guards on ships agree that armed guards are the main reason for the decline in successful pirate attacks. However,
they have mixed views of the effectiveness of rules and regulation and disagree on the value-for-money equation when
it comes to choosing private maritime security companies." LLOYD’S LIST, 16 November 2012, p 2
Who is liable if lethal force is used wrongly? - By Liz McMahon "As The International Organisation for Standards
stalls on the issue of insurance for private maritime security companies, liability in key circumstances such as the
misuse of lethal force is unclear and yet to be tested. The most pressing issue is the potential for misuse of lethal force,
in which a ship’s armed guard kills someone who was not a pirate. One P&I expert told Lloyd’s List: “The biggest
problem is probably that highlighted by Enrica Lexie, even though that was serving Italian marines as a vessel
deployed detachment. “The vessel was detained for several months in India and the owners had to post, I understand,
a bank guarantee in excess of $5m for the vessel’s release. “Imagine if the case had involved a PMSC, rather than
Italian marines, and the guards had been civilians and there were problems over licences and then it turned out that an
owner had not carried out proper due diligence on the guard company including checking the licences." LLOYD’S LIST,
Will regulation make armed guards a fixture on vessels? - By Liz McMahon "Now that the door has opened to
maritime security, it cannot be closed but whether regulation will make armed guards an institutional part of shipping is
open to debate, say industry experts. Speaking at an industry roundtable chaired by Lloyd’s List and held by Protection
Vessels International, experts discussed the findings of this newspaper’s recent survey on piracy and private maritime
security and considered what the future held for the fledgling industry. The survey found that 38% of respondents had
used armed guards; many of those who participated in the survey may not operate in a piracy high-risk area and
therefore considered the issue only hypothetically. Catlin head of asset protection Peter Dobbs said that 14,500
declared armed transits had taken place but that the figure was probably under-reported, with the real total likely to be
16,500. UK Chamber of Shipping head of security and commercial Gavin Simmonds acknowledged the debate about
armed guards becoming an institution, concluding that the chamber saw them as a complementary part of the wider
picture." LLOYD’S LIST, 26 November 2012, p 2
UK Chamber inches open its doors to PMSCs - By Liz McMahon "The UK Chamber of Shipping is planning to
allow private maritime security companies to become members, arguing that this could help to raise industry
standards. UK Chamber of Shipping director of membership development John Dowden said the organisation had
decided provisionally to allow PMSCs to become members. “It may be that no PMSCs want to join, in which case it
won’t be effective but if they do we have internally discussed that there will be a fairly rigorous vetting procedure,” he
said. “We only want the cream of the crop and maybe de facto we will provide a quality kitemark for shipowners. We
will certainly recommend our own shipowner members use those organisations we have allowed into the chamber.”
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Asked whether any PMSC could apply, Mr Dowden said plans were at a formative stage but that not all PMSCs would
be able to apply and that admission would probably be based on an interview." LLOYD’S LIST, 26 November 2012, p 2
Short-term fixture - By Tom Leander "Few in shipping, if any, are anxious to institutionalise the costly and potentially
dangerous practice of hiring private maritime security companies. However, the idea that armed guards could become
a permanent fixture on ships was acknowledged at a recent Lloyd’s List industry roundtable on maritime security. As it
happens, the UK’s Chamber of Shipping is inching towards an acceptance of PMSCs as members. The chamber’s
head of membership development said that the group had provisionally decided to allow PMSCs, but only after a
rigorous vetting process." LLOYD’S LIST, 27 November 2012, p 2
Industry debates ISO armed guard standard delivered to IMO - By Liz McMahon "As The International
Organisation for Standards delivered its draft standard for armed guards to the International Maritime Organization’s
Maritime Safety Committee yesterday, industry experts have questioned whether an international minimum standard
for private maritime security companies is a sufficient measure. Speaking at an industry roundtable chaired by Lloyd’s
List and held by Protection Vessels International last week, experts discussed Lloyd’s List’s recent survey, which found
that 50% of respondents did not know whether BIMCO’s standard contract for armed guards, Guardcon, was an
effective document. UK Chamber of Shipping director of security and commercial Gavin Simmonds said Guardcon was
a good, effective document but because it took a long time to create, this left an interim period in which companies
found their own solutions." LLOYD’S LIST, 27 November 2012, p 4
Swedish flag’s hope for armed guard law – By Girija Shettar “Swedish-flagged ships will be legally permitted to
carry private maritime security guards (PMSGs) from March 2013 if Sweden’s parliament enacts a proposed new law
governing their employment. The law will apply to ships that are subject to the International Ship and Port Facility
Security Code, trading outside the European Economic Area. Swedish-flagged ships are carrying PMSGs but by doing
so, owners, managers, masters, and crew are effectively in breach of the law, lawyers told Fairplay.” FAIRPLAY, 29
November 2012, p 23
First armed guard ISO vetting scheduled for March (Ref. IMO) - By Liz McMahon “The International Organisation
for Standards’ formal audit process for private maritime security companies will begin in early spring and individual
audits will take four months to complete, said ISO 28007 project leader Robin Townsend. Although the debate over
regulating armed guards has been lengthy and the vacuum vast, ISO’s PMSC standard — ISO PAS 28007 — is the
quickest standard to reach public accreditation specification stage, after the International Maritime Organization gave
ISO its mandate to produce the standard in May.” LLOYD’S LIST, 11 December 2012, p 2
Comment: Insurers must help fix security standards – By Thomas Bennett “Insurers hold the key to the
development of firm standards in the maritime security market in 2013. The causes of criminality at sea remain
undiminished. In east and west Africa poor governance has led to untrammelled economic expediency, fuelled by a
sense of entitlement. Piracy has not gone away. Equally, some security companies that are struggling to make ends
meet tell shipping companies what they want to hear. And commercial pressure has led to poorly trained two- and
three-man teams guarding vessels that require four competent guards.” FAIRPLAY, 3 January 2013, p 21
Insurance market tackles fears on floating armouries - By Liz McMahon "Insurance broker Marsh has amended its
insurance cover for private maritime security companies to address fears that the use of floating armouries may
invalidate current insurance policies. Late last year, at least 20 floating armouries were said to be operating in the
Indian Ocean — and doing so in a regulatory void, despite the industry calling on governments, and particularly that of
the UK, to clarify the matter. Floating armouries are not new, but have grown in popularity as security firms grapple
with increasingly complex and contradictory regulation from coastal states. The problem escalated after Sri Lanka
decided to prohibit transit of weapons ashore but endorsed at least one floating armoury, managed by private security
firm Avant Gard. Security firms operating in this region have little option but to use the floating armoury, a matter of
paramount concern, especially for players that are UK-based." LLOYD’S LIST, 10 January 2013, p 2
UK supports armed guard standard - By Liz McMahon "Moves to regulate private maritime security companies are
making good progress, after the UK government pledged its support for the international standard recently published
by the International Organisation for Standards and as pilot projects for certification are about to start. Late last year,
the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office said the government would adopt PSC1, a standard for private security
companies working on land in complex and high-risk environments overseas. PSC1 was developed with land-based
security in mind. However, the Foreign Office’s Minister for Africa, Mark Simmonds, noted too that since 2010 there
had been rapid growth in the number of private security companies working on anti-piracy operations at sea. “The
government is therefore also contributing to an international drafting process under the ISO for an equivalent
professional standard for PSCs working in the maritime sector.” he said." LLOYD’S LIST, 10 January 2013, p 2
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Rules for use of force will be published this month - By Liz McMahon "The 100 Series rules for use of force will
be published this month, providing an international framework for legal action and trial that offers all parties equal
protection and scrutiny, says Security Association for the Maritime Industry founder Peter Cook. Along with
internationally recognised regulation, private maritime security companies and shipowners alike have voiced their
desire for rules for use of force. Privately contracted armed security personnel who use lethal force have no legal
structure to rely on if their conduct is called into question. Many have felt that this leaves them in a vulnerable position.
Each security firm has its own rules for use of force, but although these may be sent to flag states they are not
generally acknowledged." LLOYD’S LIST, 16 January 2013, p 2
BIMCO pulls out of 100 Series rules for use of force - By Liz McMahon "BIMCO has asked the Security
Association for the Maritime Industry to withdraw its name from the latest version of the 100 Series rules for the use of
force as it has several concerns about the document. BIMCO chief maritime security officer Giles Noakes told Lloyd’s
List that the body had not been consulted on several key areas. Although he supports the concept of standard rules for
use of force, Mr Noakes said that to be viable they would need to be recognised internationally and that the best
vehicle for that was the International Maritime Organization. Mr Noakes said that in the main, flag states recognised
rules for use of force presented to them by individual private maritime security companies and approved them in line
with their own laws. “We are concerned over the suggestion that the 100 Series RUF will protect parties in the event of
a trial,” he said." LLOYD’S LIST, 17 January 2013, p 2
How to select your maritime security partner – Advises David Rider “For every good private maritime security
company there are several bad ones. Asking the right questions will help single out the good. · The firm should be a
signatory of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers (ICoC PSSP) · Look for a company that
has been vetted and accredited by a third-party organisation · Explore your chosen company’s corporate governance
and insurance levels · Consider wisely the costs versus safety question.” FAIRPLAY, 17 January 2013, p 28
Private armed guards would lead to ‘bloodbath’ in West Africa - By Liz McMahon "There is no place for privately
contracted armed guards in West Africa and their use would lead to an “absolute bloodbath”, according to Gulf of Aden
Transit Group chief executive Nick Davis. Speaking at an event examining geopolitical threats to maritime security, Mr
Davis said it was hard to trust anyone in the area. “We know what cargoes are carrying refined products and if there is
space in the tanks pirates will target them. It is often related to non-payment and an agent will have given information
under duress,” he said. “If there is storage space in the bunkers, the vessel will be hijacked for around 48 hours and
the operation will have been prearranged with an operating crew for the ship to ship transfer. The pirates do not need
the [hijacked] crew for anything and if they get in the way, it is going to be violent.” Due to the laws in Nigeria,
shipowners can only use armed guards deployed by the military. GoAGT is one of a number of private maritime
security companies that provides unarmed teams in the area." LLOYD’S LIST, 18 January 2013, p 2
Armed guards’ insurance threat “A decision to mandate the use of offshore armouries by the Sri Lankan authorities
could potentially invalidate UK private military security company (PMSC) insurance coverage and leave them
struggling to win business, as shipowners fear the liability for any issues will fall into their laps. According to broker
and risk adviser Marsh, most likely to be affected are UK PMSCs that breach the UK’s Export Control Order of 2008
(ECO), which controls trade and export licensing of military and dual-use goods and regulates use of third-party
floating armouries. Sri Lanka is one of the strategic points for armed transit in the Indian Ocean, with many PMSCs
commencing and completing transits at Galle. However, third-party floating armouries are currently not approved under
the ECO’s terms, meaning UK PMSCs using the facilities are likely to be acting unlawfully.” FARIPLAY, 24 January
2013, 24-25
UK to strengthen its ocean security response - By Liz McMahon "The UK Ministry of Defence is seeking proof-ofconcept research proposals from industry and academics to improve the security of maritime operations to more
effectively combat illegal activities such as piracy, gun running and people smuggling. One area that interests the
MoD’s Centre for Defence Enterprise is knowing how to spot unlawful activity at sea — working out how when piracy or
transportation of weapons is taking place when unlawful and lawful craft both look very similar. The centre is part of the
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. It also wants proposals to consider responses to hostile activity at sea,
developing new technology and solutions that provide graduated responses, particularly non-lethal and non-destructive
means to craft engaged in unlawful activity. The CDE also wishes to focus on small-arms accuracy at sea, developing
new tools such as effective training aids that are representative of small arms operations on maritime platforms and
can provide the feedback on marksmanship accuracy needed to develop performance." LLOYD’S LIST, 29 January
2013, p 2
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Arms and the men - By Liz McMahon "One of the liveliest debates at the fourth Maritime Piracy and Security
conference in London focused on whether shipowners need to employ four-man private maritime security teams.
BIMCO chief security officer Giles Noakes acknowledged that some shipowners are using three-man teams and said
this was a decision for the company to make. However, BIMCO conducted detailed research into visibility on vessels
when it drew up the Guardcon guidelines and Mr Noakes said he could not see how fewer than four guards could
provide 360-degree visibility. Clearly some shipowners must think otherwise — unless the decision is driven purely by
price." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 February 2013, p 2
At odds over PMSCs "BIMCO is to open its doors to private maritime security companies to become associate
members but the UK Chamber of Shipping has decided not to follow suit, despite mulling over the idea last year. Why
has one shipping association taken the plunge while the other thought better of it? The benefits seem obvious. On the
one hand, PMSCs are a clear revenue stream for BIMCO. On the other, membership provides PMSCs with credibility
that the industry craves so much. BIMCO’s membership list could also be rich with new potential leads for PMSCs."
BIMCO opens its door to armed guards - By Liz McMahon "BIMCO is to offer associate membership to private
maritime security companies that achieve the International Standards Organisation’s PAS 28007. The shipping
association said membership would give companies around the world access to the BIMCO website and to its
guidance on security-related issues. Security firms wishing to join will pay a entrance fee of €2,500 ($3,380) and the
membership fee for associate members, which stands at €5,000. BIMCO’s website states that private security firms
applying for associate membership must obtain ISO 28007 certification before they apply for membership. “Upon
receipt of the application, BIMCO will contact the applicant and carry out an internal vetting,” it said." LLOYD’S LIST, 6
February 2013, p 2
Maritime security must move away from ‘Band-Aid’ solutions - By Rory Lamrock and Sam Pursch "Private firms
must build intelligence networks and engage with naval authorities. Pirate attacks worldwide dropped by around 30%
last year and, looking forward, new counterpiracy products will continue to emerge in the hope of driving attacks down
further. Startup private maritime security companies will continue to flood the market; some will provide a quality
service, but many will be forced to sacrifice standards to undercut the competition. Ultimately, the sustainability of the
armed guard business model — and novel variations of it, such as private navies — will be called into question."
EU boost Gulf of Guinea security “Following the rise in Gulf of Guinea pirate incidents over the past two years, the
European Union has set up a $6M project to help seven African states in the area increase their maritime security.
The programme, named Critical Maritime Routes in the Gulf of Guinea (CRIMGO), provides African states around the
Gulf of Guinea with financial and practical help to establish radar, communications, and command and control systems
to increase their maritime domain awareness.” SAFETY AT SEA, March 2013, p 14
West Africa high-risk area could expand - By Liz McMahon "The high-risk area in West Africa should extend to
include Togo and the Ivory Coast to better reflect increased security concerns, say shipping and security experts. The
Hull, War, Strikes, Terrorism and Related Perils Listed Areas were last amended by the Lloyd’s Joint War Committee in
March last year. Shipowners must gain their underwriter’s permission before vessels can enter such waters, areas or
specified places. Underwriters may amend cover terms before granting permission for vessels to enter the listed area
or refuse to grant cover altogether. To date, the high-risk area is defined as: “Gulf of Guinea, but only the waters of the
Beninese and Nigerian Exclusive Economic Zones north of latitude 3° N.” Lloyd’s Market Association senior executive
underwriting Neil Roberts said: “We are watching it, but on the hull war side it has not yet been thought necessary to
extend the joint war-listed areas although it will certainly be a topic at the next JWC meeting in March." LLOYD’S LIST,
21 February 2013, p 2
Eos launches West Africa private maritime security start-up - By Liz McMahon "A private maritime security
company has launched a new service in West Africa, claiming to be the first to offer its own armed teams to clients.
Eos Risk Management does not use local navies, instead putting its own men on board vessels. However, the guards
will only load their weapons once the ships are out at sea. This aims to allow the company to overcome a ban in many
West African countries — including Nigeria, Benin and Togo — on vessels deploying armed private security companies
in their sovereign waters. Other private maritime security companies operate in the region using personnel from the
Nigeria, Togo and Benin navies, said Eos Risk managing director David Johnson." LLOYD’S LIST, 25 February 2013,
p7
Private armed guards enter West Africa at their peril - By Liz McMahon "If the Myre Seadiver incident proves
anything at this point, it is that if you operate a maritime security operation off West Africa you do so at your own peril,
110
say maritime security experts. Ince & Co partner Stephen Askins said: “The law is that you cannot bring weapons into
the territorial waters of Nigeria or other littoral states. “It is perfectly feasible that [the Myre Seadiver crew] declared
them, which immediately exposed them to the risk that someone would take exception and not agree with or take
advantage of the situation. “I suspect that that is what happened here. You get or buy permission from one official and
he moves on, leaving you exposed. “I don’t have a feel for whether there is appetite to change the law. I doubt it if
people are making money out of it. It will be interesting if meetings in Ghana this week address this or whether a
regional hub can be created.” Risk Intelligence analyst Thomas Horn Hansen said although the Myre Seadiver charges
related to arms smuggling, they might be motivated by the vessel’s seeming provision of escort services off Nigeria."
LLOYD’S LIST, 1 March 2013, p 7
Bourbon vows not to deploy armed guards - By Hal Brown "As French offshore vessel specialist Bourbon takes
delivery of new vessels to support its expanding global operation, its attention turns to the growing piracy threat off
West Africa. The region is booming for the offshore oil and gas industry, offering employment for offshore support
vessels as energy supermajors drill for oil and gas off Nigeria, Angola and other areas. Alongside the boom come the
pirates seeking fresh targets, however. At the moment, pirates generally target tankers carrying refined products into
West Africa. However, maritime security experts believe they could branch out to target offshore vessels carrying crew
and equipment to and from rigs. This raises the question of whether French offshore vessel giant Bourbon will take the
lead and place security guards on board its offshore vessels. The French offshore vessel owner says it would rather
stop working if piracy risk mounts." LLOYD’S LIST, 1 March 2013, p 9
Mixed messages "It is not surprising, in a fledgling industry like the private maritime security sector, that the goalposts
constantly change. Various factors such as a depressed shipping market and a perceived risk reduction in the Gulf
Aden are forcing private maritime security companies to provide a service at an increasingly lower cost. Although some
have found ingenious ways to cut overheads, most have focused on the composition of the security teams they
employ. This has seen two trends emerging — one being to slash team numbers, the other being to employ teams of
mixed nationalities, comprising a UK team leader and three foreign guards paid lower salaries. Both are controversial
because they move away from the model originally touted to shipowners." LLOYD’S LIST, 11 March 2013, p 2
Mixed security teams raise vetting concerns - By Liz McMahon "As downward pressure continues to squeeze
margins for private maritime security companies, the trend of using mixed-nationality teams is steadily increasing, but
this raises new vetting problems, according to Gray Page. Chief operations manager for the firm’s vetting and audit
programme Alastair Scott said that although it was a broad generalisation to claim that mixed teams were less efficient
than teams entirely comprised of ex-UK marines, they did bring a new set of problems. First, there is the issue of
vetting and selection. Mr Scott said: “If a PMSC employs guards from India or Sri Lanka it needs to demonstrate that
the men have had the same level of vetting and checking as their UK counterparts. “They would need to have a
Criminal Records Bureau check or something comparable such as a letter from their local constabulary. It is important
to compare like for like.” Despite potential huge variations in military training, Mr Scott said the training of an Indian
guard, for example, would not necessarily be wrong. “It is just different and a PMSC would need to demonstrate that
training was suitable and appropriate for the task in hand,” he said." LLOYD’S LIST, 11 March 2013, p 2
BIMCO adapts Guardcon contract for West Africa - By Liz McMahon "BIMCO is considering how to make its
standard Guardcon contract suitable for private maritime security companies operating in West Africa, with new
recommendations due to be published next month. BIMCO legal and contractual affairs chief Grant Hunter said the
organisation had worked for some time to decide what amendments would adapt Guardcon for West Africa. “We have
concluded that actually few amendments are required as Guardcon was drafted with an eye to potentially covering
areas of piracy other than Somalia/Indian Ocean,” he said. With the International Group of P&I Clubs, BIMCO is
drawing up recommended amendments for Guardcon that PMSCs can apply to the existing contract to make it suitable
for West Africa. “This will be a quicker process that formally revising Guardcon and we aim to have this task done
within a month or so,” Mr Hunter said." LLOYD’S LIST, 12 March 2013, p 7
Pilot launched for PMSC benchmark - By Liz McMahon "The International Organisation for Standardisation is about
to launch its certification pilot for private maritime security companies and has chosen two firms to start the process
later this month. Accredited certification body MSS Global will supervise the pilot process with Port2Port Maritime
Security and Castor Vali Security Risk Management. The certification body said it had been approached by a large
number of security firms asking to take part in the pilot for the international standard, ISO PAS 28007. “MSS Global
has chosen a smaller company and a mid-large company, the aim being to best capture the breadth of market
demands so that the certification model developed through the pilot best fits the PMSC market that supports the
commercial shipping industry,” it said. MSS Global managing director Tony Chattin said the process has involved many
stakeholders from the maritime security sector, including the UK Security in Complex Environments Group, the
Security Association for the Maritime Industry and BIMCO." LLOYD’S LIST, 13 March 2013, p 4
111
Mixed security teams create ‘two-sided industry’ - By Liz McMahon "Using foreign nationals in mixed teams has
created a “two-sided industry” and one private maritime security company says it has stopped the practice as a result.
Sea Marshals chief executive Thomas Jakobsson said the company scrapped mixed teams more than six months ago,
when it implemented a new, more rigorous selection policy. “As the debate rises among the private maritime security
industry over ISO 28007 and the potential for less effective security teams caused by comprising them of mixed
nationalities, we will continue our British-only policy for the foreseeable future,” he said. Sea Marshals previously used
a “fairly substantial” mix of former military personnel from the UK and Croatia, Ukraine and Serbia." LLOYD’S LIST, 18
March 2013, p 1
Sea Marshals claims first Cape Verde licence - By Nigel Lowry "Sea Marshals, the Cardiff-based maritime security
firm, has launched West African operations from its newly established base in the port of St Vincent after becoming the
first provider of armed teams to be licensed by Cape Verde. The first licence was awarded by the country’s coastguard
following vetting by Cape Verde Maritime Security Services, which was last year given exclusive rights to undertake
vetting of private maritime security providers on behalf of the government. Sea Marshals, which recently switched to
use all-British military teams, also uses three South African ports for embarking teams on transits of the Gulf of Guinea.
The company said that special arrangements were in place for vessels going to the Niger Delta after an escalation of
violent attacks on vessels. “We are pleased to now be working with the Cape Verde authorities to ensure safe and
effective measures are taken in keeping the seas off West Africa safe,” said Sea Marshals chief executive Thomas
Jakobsson." LLOYD’S LIST, 19 March 2013, p 2
Denmark rejects security code “Since 11 March, cargo and passenger ships of all flags engaged on domestic
voyages in Denmark no longer need to be certified, inspected and approved in accordance with the International Ship
and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. Jakob Lynge, special adviser to the Danish Maritime Authority (DMA), told
Fairplay that, instead, new regulations had been drawn up “based on a security-related risk assessment made by the
Center for Terror Analysis at the Danish Security and Intelligence Service. “It was considered that threats would be
best countered by means of awareness training for crews and relevant shore-based personnel, as well as ordinary
common sense when using general criminality prevention measures.”” FAIRPLAY, 21 March 2013, p 27
'Idiot Family' suspected of Nigerian Delta attacks – By Adam Corbett “A newly formed and curiously named crime
unit operating in the Nigerian Delta is terrorising shipping in the region, according to fresh analysis from Bergen Risk
Solutions (BRS). The self-styled “Idiot Family” was formed in December last year and is operating from the Sengana,
Nun and Brass rivers. BRS suggests that the new group is behind a string of recent attacks on merchant shipping and
offshore and fishing vessels. It describes it as “currently the principal and most aggressive group in the Niger Delta”.”
TRADEWINDS, 22 March 2013, p 32
Security flashpoints keep liability centre focus – By Gary Li “On 15 February 2012, two Italian marines shot dead
two Indian fishermen off the coast of southern India after mistaking them for pirates. The marines, who had been
aboard Naples-registered oil tanker Enrica Lexie, were handed over to the Indian government for investigation but
skipped bail after being allowed to return to Italy. The Italian government then refused to return them to India. As
Fairplay went to press, the diplomatic crisis had deepened. India’s supreme court barred Italy’s ambassador from
leaving the country, whereupon the marines were returned to stand trial on condition that they would not face the death
penalty. The crisis highlights the grey area of employing armed security in the fight against piracy. This has come in
two forms: government legislated contingents of marines, as in the Enrica Lexie case, and private security firms. The
latter vary in quality and consistency, while the former, being formal state deployments, can cause major
repercussions.” FAIRPLAY, 28 March 2013, p 26
Gulf of Guinea waters open to western armed guards - By Li McMahon "Within the next few months, weapons
carriage by private maritime security companies will be permitted inside territorial waters of all the Economic
Community of West African States countries, including Nigeria, according to PMSC Sea Marshals. Up to this point, due
to restriction from several coastal states, local armed guards on vessels have provided any armed protection, while the
PMSC has adopted an advisory role. It turns out the situation is now changing and Sea Marshals said within the next
few months, weapons carriage by PMSCs will be allowed. This will come as a surprise to many, as it was generally
thought that Nigeria would never allow PMSCs to operate in its territorial waters." LLOYD’S LIST, 2 April 2013, p 1
West Africa poses a fresh challenge to security firms - By Liz McMahon "As the number of reported piracy
incidents dwindles in the Gulf of Aden, attention has moved to activity in the Gulf of Guinea, where — at least for the
time being — the role for private maritime security companies is far from clear. “There is a confused contractual
position involved in employing local guards and who, ultimately, has responsibility for their actions — is it the employer
or the state?” said Marsh Global Marine Practice managing director Nick Roscoe. “In West Africa, there is no sign of
112
piracy abating. The 12-mile protection zone actually protects the pirates more than anyone else. I am not convinced
anyone has yet worked out a gold-plated solution for West Africa.” Until the Economic Community Of West African
States agrees a formal policy, security firms operating in the region must stick to a purely advisory role. “They are on
board but they have no arms,” Mr Roscoe said." LLOYD’S LIST, 2 April 2013, p 2
UK government holds fire on floating armouries - By Liz McMahon "The UK government will continue to consider
floating armouries on a case-by-case basis, but has yet to issue a trade licence to authorise their use. A UK Foreign
and Commonwealth Office spokesman told Lloyd’s List: “We do not export equipment where there is a clear risk it
might be used for internal repression or where it might be diverted to a different end-use or user.” The UK considers all
export licences individually against these criteria, to reflect the prevailing circumstances and stated end-use, both for
armouries operated on water and for those on land." LLOYD’S LIST, 2 April 2013, p 3
International regulation goes live as new standard is launched - By Liz McMahon "The international standard for
private maritime security companies, ISO PAS 28007, has sold more than 100 copies in its first month and players are
working on certification in conjunction with certifying bodies for the expected accredited certification, says Lloyd’s
Register ISO 28007 project leader Robin Townsend. Mr Townsend said he was very happy to have seen the
inauguration and delivery of ISO PAS 28007, but added there seemed to be some confusion between land-based
security and maritime anti-piracy requirements. “They are two very different things — which is why ISO PAS 28007
was written as dedicated requirements for PMSCs — although of course one company may be able to fulfil both
functions,” he said. “Governments are correctly focusing on the operations of private security companies that supply
armed guards in areas of armed conflict where the local rule of law may have broken down or become difficult to
enforce. “Such complex environments require the land-based armed guards to have... very high standards for human
rights — especially where they may be responsible for long-term detention of prisoners, for example.”" LLOYD’S LIST,
2 April 2013, p 4
Africa faces up to its maritime challenges – By Savahna Nightingale “Maritime and defence officials and industry
executives are accelerating collaboration to improve infrastructure and security in Africa. In separate developments,
European and African shippers have held an inaugural summit and defence, security and foreign ministers of the 25
countries of The Economic Communities of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Economic Community of Central
African States (ECCAS) have met to tackle technical and security problems in the Gulf of Guinea.” FAIRPLAY, 4 April
2013, p 23
BIMCO backs international guidance on rules for use of force - By Liz McMahon "BIMCO has decided to back the
100 Series Rules for the Use of Force, the first international commercial guidelines for such a purpose, having resolved
its concerns about “presumptive language” in the original draft. Initial concerns voiced by BIMCO centred on the
description of the 100 Series RUF as an “international benchmark standard rules for the use of force” that would
protect privately contracted armed security personnel in the event of a trial. BIMCO chief maritime security officer Giles
Noakes said those concerns had now been resolved, allowing the shipping industry association to lend collaborative
support to further development of a document that will now be described as an international model set of maritime
rules for the use of force. “BIMCO has always supported the concept of a common set of rules for the use of force —
but to be viable, they would need to be recognised internationally,” he said. The 100 Series RUF has now been
presented to the International Standards Organisation, for consideration to supplement the recently published
international standard for armed guards, ISO PAS 28007." LLOYD’S LIST, 5 April 2013, p 7
No magic bullet "The debate over armed guards operating in West Africa becomes increasingly more complex. Local
restrictions mean foreign private maritime security companies are unable to operate in territorial waters without
employing the services of the local government security forces. The capabilities of such personnel can be
unpredictable and there are questions over the viability of insurance and contractual requirements when there are so
many unknown quantities. A possible solution came with the news from Sea Marshals that the Economic Council of
West African States had provisionally agreed to allow foreign PMSCs to operate independently in territorial waters,
including Nigeria. While some have argued that a move like this would be a complete game-changer, Stephenson
Harwood’s Alex Davies says in reality, it will make little difference to solving the problem. This is because if it is too
expensive for target vessels — small product tankers — to employ armed guards, then it does not really matter
whether they are legal or not." LLOYD’S LIST, 8 April 2013, p 2
Brussels urged to rethink cargo screening rules - By Janet Porter "Ocean carriers are stepping up pressure on the
European Union to rethink some proposals on revised cargo security rules that would be almost impossible to
implement in their current form. Leading the effort is the World Shipping Council, which represents 29 global liner
companies that transport approximately 130m teu annually. WSC president and chief executive Christopher Koch sets
out the industry’s very real concerns in a guest column commissioned by Containerisation International that is
113
published below. “The potential consequences for carriers, shippers and freight forwarders are substantial,” he writes
of European efforts to compile more information about ocean cargo in order to improve risk assessment procedures.
That reflects the different interests of 27 member states, as well as European institutions. With so many parties
involved, it remains unclear what data elements will be required, who will be responsible for filing the information,
through which system the data is to be filed, and many other unknowns." LLOYD’S LIST, 9 April 2013, p 7
WSC spells out risks of over-complex European freight data demands - By Christopher Koch "The European
Union is currently considering how it will change its advance cargo supply chain security information filing regime. The
potential consequences for carriers, shippers and freight forwarders are substantial. In January, the European
Commission issued a Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, and the European Economic and
Social Committee stating that, for risk management of the movement of goods through international supply chains,
“one needs to know ‘who is moving what, to whom, from where’.” The communication characterised the current system
as “not sufficient”, and further noted that the cargo information needed “includes details of the real parties behind
transactions and goods movements and an adequate description of the goods”, and that the current cargo information
provided to European Union customs authorities “does not meet minimum requirements”. The EU is now engaged in
deliberations about how to change its advance cargo security risk assessment regime." LLOYD’S LIST, 9 April 2013, p
7
Nigerian Navy cannot protect offshore resources, says Bergen - By Liz McMahon "The Nigerian Navy lacks the
capacity to protect the country’s offshore environment effectively, while European Union and International Maritime
Organization security initiatives do not have sufficient support from littoral states, according to Bergen Risk Solutions.
In its latest report on the Gulf of Guinea, Bergen says the Nigerian Navy has too few major surface units capable of
sustained operations. Bergen notes that the continued acquisition of new, small patrol boats will increase the navy’s
capability to confront piracy and maritime crime. However, it adds that progress will be slow." LLOYD’S LIST, 16 April
2013, p 5
114

information resources on maritime security and the isps code

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