Poster Session

Poster Session
ECOLOGICAL OF MANADO BAY AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Ixchel F. Mandagi
F. Boneka, P. N. I. Kalangi, P. A. Angmalisang, H. V. Dien, F. Silooy, V. Modaso
Associate Professor,
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science,
Sam Ratulangi University
K. W. A. Masengi
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University
The Scientiic Authority of Indonesia Coelacanth,
Dean, Faculty of Fisheries and marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University
F
Key words: Coelacanth, National Marine Park,
Bunaken.
Manado Bay is a part of the Bunaken National
Marine Park which becomes famous since the central
government decided and established this area to be
a National Marine Park in 1991. This park covers
about 90,000 ha including 5 islands and 22 villages
with inhabitants of more than 30,000 peoples living
around this park and it is estimated that more than
20,000 tourist visit this park per year.
This area become more famous since Mr. Mark
Erdmann and his wife found one specimen of the
“living fossil” of coelacanth in 1997 at Bersehati ish
market and indicated this specimen as CCC 174. In
1998 another coelacanth was incidentally caught by
Mr. Yonathan near Manado Tua Island and based
on DNA analysis indicated as CCC 175, which is
different from the previous specimen captured at
Comoros. This specimen is then called Latimeria
menadoensis. In the same year, the central government
held a National Seminar on the Ocean and produced
the Bunaken Declaration.
After this declaration many more marine scientists
do research in this area concerning biology, physics,
chemist, geology as well as the marine bioprospecting.
All the results suggest that the Bunaken National
Marine Park have to be conserved and the marine
resources have to be maintained for the future.
On the other hand, during the last decade the
park has suffered from continuous degradation due
to a number of threats. he coastal of Manado Bay
receives more pressure from human activities like
coastal reclamations for buildings of department
stores and hotels. Also the volume and type of
anthropogenic and industrial waste delivered to the
ocean increase. During our survey, we found many
inorganic materials on the sea bottom of this park.
After the last catch of coelacanth (indicated as
CCC 254) accidentally caught by Mr. Delvy and
P N I
P A
H V
F
V
K W A
Yunus Lahama and responding the success to ilm the
living fossil made by the coelacanth survey team, the
local and central governments have decided that the
site where the coelacanth have been captured to be a
Deep Sea Marine Protected Area. The governments
plan to build a marine aquarium in this area.
1991
5
22
9
3
2
1997
174
1998
1
DNA
CCC 175
Latimeria menadoensis
10
POSTER SESSION
F
CCC 254
57
Poster Session
1. Geoposition of Manado Bay
58
2. Bunaken National Marine Park
3. Bunaken National Park Tourism
Manado bay are included in Bunaken Marine
National Park and positioning between Mandolang
to Pisok capes. The Bunaken Marine National Park
were established at 1991, overseen by Bunaken
National Park Board (BTNB). This park consisting
of about 90,000 hectares, including 5 islands of
Bunaken, Manado Tua, Siladen, Mantehage, Nain
and Nain Kecil and North Sulawesi mainland (S and
N se c t i ons) e xc e p t i o n a l l y d i v e r se . T h i s p a rk
consisting with 22 villages inside park, with more
than 35,000 residents.
Nowaday the Bunaken Marine Nationalo Park are
Well-deve-loped as an marine tourism industry –
highly environmentally concerned. The present
conditions, the Bunaken Marine National Park
have :
T h e C o e l a c a nt h , Fa t h o m t h e My s t e r y 2 0 0 7
◆
20 dive operators – land-based and operating
daytrips to park
◆
Accommodations ranging from 5* resorts to
rustic back - packer cottages
◆
Estimated 20,000 guests/year
◆
Direct international airline access
4. Some Pressure Happening Around
Manado Bay
Coral mining
Coastal
Reclamations
Blast fishing
Diver/anchor damage
AND
TRASH!!!!
Illegal ornamental
fish fishing
Cyanide fishing
◆
An alive coelacanth found by ROV
around inccidentaly captured coelacanth
Bunaken island completed in late 2000, signed
off as agreement between BTNB and 2 village
governments
◆ Both user groups willing to compromise
◆ Draft revision widely distributed, 1 month public
commentary period, then “firestorm of publicity”
using billboards, posters, etc.
5. Strategy for entering a new era of
co-management of BNP
◆
Participatory zonation revision process
Inclusion of local communities and private sector
in mgmt, particularly enforcement
◆ Creation of a multistakeholder advisory board
◆ Implementation of a ground-breaking entrance
fee system for sustainable conservation financing
◆ Support for BTNB to rise to the occasion and
lead other agencies in effective management of
the park
◆
6. Zonation Revision
7. Bunaken as an MPA
“Center of Excellence”
◆
Training center for other Indonesian MPA’s
■ Wakatobi, Taka Bone Rate
■ Komodo, Bali Barat
◆ Model for development of new MPA’s
■ Lembeh Strait, Sangihe-Talaud
◆ Pl a n s fo r c o o p e ra t i o n wi t h W W F, C I,T NC ,
CRMP, World Bank/Asian Development Bank
◆ Strategic position in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas
Ecoregion – a marine biodiversity hotspot and
established priority region, and now a proposed
Global Marine Heritage Site and ICRAN pilot site.
◆
8. Future Development of Manado Bay
and Its Management
Manado bay as anarea with have so many marine
biodiversity and consist of some endemic flora and
fauna like the coelacanth. An planning for this bay is
to become an center of marine study and to become an
deep sea MPA. Manado bay should be came an
research center for Indonesia coelacanth. According to
the local government and scientific authority and
management board, that sites for coelcanth that the
site should became an marine coelacanth park with
support by an local government decree.
POSTER SESSION
2 conflicting zonation systems
◆ Unclear demarcation of zones
◆ Ambiguous rules for each zone
◆ Initial attempts in govt offices stagnated
◆ New focus on 2 primary user groups: villagers
and marine tourism operators (in conjunction
with BTNB rangers)
◆ Village-by-village process, starting with Bunaken
Island
◆ Accommodate current use patterns, formulate
explicit rules for each zone
◆ Parallel meetings with 2 user groups, using
combination of open and focal group meetings
59