wilDlifE TOURiSM
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wilDlifE TOURiSM
w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Wildlife Tourism and the Gulf Coast Economy Shawn Stokes Marcy Lowe Contributing Researchers: Russell Owen & Sarah Mine July 9, 2013 A D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M This research was prepared on behalf of Environmental Defense Fund: www.edf.org D AT U S M A R T- D O C : V I S U A LI Z E D ATA This document incorporates interactive tools. To visualize a full set of data, click on the . To share a visualization via email or social media, or to embed it in your own website or blog, scroll to the bottom left of the visualization and click the . A c k n o w l ed g me n ts The authors are grateful for valuable information and feedback from Colette Boehm, Captain Randy Boggs, Karla Klay, Lesley Cox, Karen Ford, Skip Frink, Marie Gould, Captain Patrick Green, Janet Harrington, Michelle Horine, Linda Hornsby, Guy Robert Jackson, Lino Maldonado, Toni Nagel Mason, Captain Chester Reese, Alisha Renfro, Jackie Roberts, Jo Jo Terry, Captain Kathy Wilkinson, Captain Bobby Williams, Paul Wohlford, and Jim Wyerman. P hoto cred i ts i n order o f appeara n ce J.C. Winkler, Gruenemann, Dawn Huczek, The Pug Father, Tulane Public Relations, USFWS, FinchLake2000 None of the opinions or comments expressed in this study are endorsed by the companies mentioned or individuals interviewed. Errors of fact or interpretation remain exclusively with the authors. We welcome comments and suggestions. The lead author can be contacted at: sstokes@daturesearch.com © July 9, 2013, Datu Research, LLC W i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the Gu l f C oast E co n om y C o n t en ts 3 Note 4 Executive Summary & Key Findings 6 Introduction 9 Tourism generates 2.6 million jobs in the region. 13 Wildlife tourism generates over $19 billion in annual spending. 17 Wildlife tourism generates over $5 billion annually in federal, state and local tax revenues. 19 Over 1,100 guide and outfitter entities and 11,000 lodging and dining establishments generate business for one another. 25 Wildlife tourism businesses rely on healthy coastal environments. 28 Conclusion 29 References Cited 31 Appendix: Full List of Guide and Outfitter Businesses in Coastal Counties and Parishes 31 Alabama 33 Florida 43 Louisiana 47 Mississippi 49 Texas w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y List of Figures 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 22 23 25 26 27 Figure 1. Profile of a Wildlife Tourist, Gulf Coast Region Figure 2. Popular Wildlife-related Activities in the Gulf States Figure 3. Participants in Gulf States Wildlife Activities, by State, by Activity, 2011 Figure 4. Number of Jobs in Gulf States’ Four Largest Resource-based Industries, 2011 Figure 5. Number of Tourism Businesses in the 53 Coastal Counties and Parishes, Gulf States Figure 6. Number of Tourism Jobs in the 53 Coastal Counties and Parishes, Gulf States Figure 7. Tourism Jobs as % of Private Sector Employment in the 53 Coastal Counties and Parishes, Gulf States Figure 8. Annual Revenues ($millions) from Wildlife Tourism, Gulf Region, 2011 Figure 9. Wildlife Activity Spending, Gulf Region, by State, by Activity, 2011 Figure 10. Wildlife Activity Spending, Gulf Region, by Type, 2011 Figure 11. Trip-related Wildlife Activity Spending, Gulf Region, by Type, 2011 Figure 12. Tax Revenues from Wildlife Tourism, 2011 Figure 13. State and Local Tax Revenues from Gulf Wildlife Activities: Equivalents Figure 14. Datu Survey of Over 100 Gulf Coast Guide Businesses, Respondent Data Figure 15. Size of Guide Businesses, Measured in Employees and Clients Figure 16. Wildlife Tourism Business Networks Figure 17. Relationship between Wildlife Guide & Outfitter Businesses, Lodging and Dining Entities, and a Healthy Coastal Environment Figure 18. Wildlife Tourism Businesses and Dependence on Healthy Coastal Environments Figure 19. Common Coastal Restoration Projects and Benefit to Wildlife Activities List of Tables 14 20 21 2 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M Table 1. Economic Impact of Wildlife Activity Spending, Gulf Region, 2011 Table 2. Number of Guide Businesses in Coastal Counties & Parishes, Gulf Region, by Type Table 3. Number of Dining and Lodging Businesses in Coastal Counties & Parishes, Gulf Region, by Type w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Note It is widely recognized that tourism plays a vital role in the Gulf Coast economy. Less commonly recognized is that tourism is largely a resource-based industry. It includes a subset we refer to in this study as “wildlife tourism,” which we define as two segments: 1) guide and outfitter businesses that directly serve wildlife watchers, recreational fishers and hunters, and 2) relevant lodging and dining establishments where these customers eat and sleep. For this study, we interviewed a number of wildlife tourism business owners across the five Gulf states. Many guide and outfitting owners expressed that their business depends entirely on the health of the coastal environment. In the lodging industry, many respondents said they benefit substantially from the visitors drawn to the region each year by wildlife guides and outfitters. Several spoke of how important these businesses are to their success, conveying the vital importance of a robust wildlife guide and outfitter industry, and in turn, a healthy coastal environment, to their long-term vitality and growth. All Tourism All Dining and Lodging Where Wildlife Tourists Eat and Sleep Wildlife Tourism Wildlife Guides & Outfitters SUPPORTS A Healthy Coastal Environment 3 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Execu ti ve Summary & Key Fi nd ing s The U.S. Gulf Coast is endowed with exceptional natural beauty and ecological diversity, including wetlands, waters, beaches, forests, and all the wildlife that inhabit them. Wildlife tourism constitutes a major regional “industry.” Each year, wildlife watching, recreational fishing, and hunting draw 20 million participants annually in the five states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The wildlife tourism industry consists not only of wildlife guide and outfitter businesses that directly serve wildlife tourists, but also the lodging and dining establishments where they eat and sleep. Wildlife tourism depends on healthy ecosystems, which are the region’s “natural capital.” However, the future health and productivity of these ecosystems are in peril, in part due to natural events, such as storms, but also because human activities have altered the natural hydrology and halted natural processes, leading to severe land loss and a decrease in the health of the region’s estuaries. For example, one of the most significant and far-reaching alterations is the channelization of the Mississippi River within its delta. This deltaic system has historically played a key role in the ecologic and economic well-being of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. While the channelization of the river by an extensive levee system has benefitted commerce, ports, and communities, this way of managing the river has all but stopped the natural deltaic processes that once built and maintained the regions wetlands and barrier islands. Dredging and construction of a vast network of canals and pipelines for the oil and gas industry have also caused considerable damage to the wetlands and wildlife. These human alterations, combined with natural processes, such as wetlands subsidence, extreme weather and sea-level rise, have led to a loss of nearly 1,900 square miles of land since 1932. Large-scale land loss and decrease in water quality throughout the Gulf threatens wildlife, habitats and the tourism activities they make possible. Without bold action, the Gulf Coast economy risks losing billions of dollars in revenue. In 2012, Congress passed the RESTORE Act, legislation mandating that 80% of Clean Water Act fines from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill go to the five Gulf Coast states to restore the ecosystem and economy. Supplementing the RESTORE Act funds, Gulf states are expected to receive significant new revenues from settlement of BP’s criminal liability for the oil spill (administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation), and from payments for damages from the spill under NRDA (the federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment process). Combined, these new revenue sources provide an unprecedented opportunity to reverse decades of harm to the Gulf Coast and to begin restoring the environment to a healthy and resilient condition. Because a healthy ecosystem is at the heart of the region’s economy, restoring the Gulf ecosystem is the best way to help the region economically. Owners of wildlife tourism businesses who were interviewed for this study clearly indicated what is at stake for their industry; where ecosystems can no longer support wildlife, visitors have no reason to come. This suggests the urgency of restoring ecosystems to avoid losing a key part of the economy. Funds from the RESTORE Act and other legal settlements provide an unprecedented opportunity to protect not only the coastal environment but also one of the region’s most important economic drivers. 4 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Ke y F i n d ing s f or the Gul f re g i on : 1 Tourism generates 2.6 million jobs. This is nearly five times the number of jobs provided altogether by the region’s other three largest resource-based industries (commercial fishing, oil and gas, and shipping). The Gulf’s 53 coastal counties and parishes have over 25,000 tourism-related businesses and nearly 500,000 associated jobs. In coastal counties and parishes particularly dependent on wildlife activities, tourism jobs can account for 20-36% of all private sector employment. 2 Wildlife tourism generates over $19 billion in annual spending. Wildlife tourists spend nearly $8 billion on recreational fishing, $6.5 billion on wildlife watching, and $5 billion on hunting. Of this revenue, trip-related expenditures such as lodging and dining represent $9.6 billion. Much of this lodging and dining revenue lands directly in the hands of local businesses. Other expenses such as licenses, stamps and permits represent $3.1 billion that support state and local government revenues. 3 Wildlife tourism generates $5.3 billion annually in federal, state and local tax revenues. In 2011, roughly $2.8 billion, 53% of the total, was federal tax revenue. Roughly $2.5 billion, 47%, was state and local tax revenue. At $2.2 billion, fishing brings in the most taxes, followed by $2 billion from wildlife watching and $1.2 billion from hunting. Investing funds from the RESTORE Act and other legal settlements in coastal restoration will thus protect the natural capital on which the industry depends, while also protecting a current revenue generator for the public sector. 4 5 OVER 1,100 GUIDE AND OUTFITTER ENTITIES AND 11,000 LODGING AND DINING ESTABLISHMENTS GENERATE BUSINESS FOR ONE ANOTHER. The 53 coastal counties and parishes host at least 1,104 guide businesses. Most are small, with fewer than five employees, but they have a large impact. Even small guide firms can each host thousands of visitors annually. Along with 11,384 hospitality entities (6,451 dining, and 4,933 lodging), these firms constitute a coastal network of over 12,000 businesses that send customers to each other. We conducted a survey of over 500 guide and outfitter businesses. Roughly 40% of the 100 respondents said clients ask for hotel recommendations, and 55% said clients ask for restaurant recommendations. Likewise, over 60% of guide businesses receive clients upon recommendation by hotels and restaurants. Wildlife tourism businesses rely on healthy coastal environments. Because wildlife needs healthy habitat to thrive, Gulf Coast guide and outfitting entities depend on healthy coastal environments for their business. This in turn makes a healthy environment crucial to the lodging and dining entities where wildlife tourists eat and sleep. Together these businesses are an important driver of the regional economy, so coastal restoration is an economic priority. Most project types such as wetlands creation benefit wildlife watching, recreational fishing and hunting, while others such as sea turtle restoration are more targeted to one wildlife activity. 5 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y In trodu c t ion Wildlife tourism constitutes an important regional “industry” in the Gulf region, drawing 20 million participants annually across the five states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The three main activities are wildlife watching, recreational fishing, and hunting. The wildlife tourism industry consists not only of wildlife guide businesses that directly serve wildlife tourists, but also the lodging and dining establishments where they eat and sleep. Average profiles of wildlife tourists differ by activity (see Figure 1). For example, the “average” angler or hunter tends to be a conservative republican male between the ages of 35 and 44, with an annual salary of $50,000-$74,999. Wildlife watchers do not broadly affiliate with any one particular political leaning. The average hunter lives in a rural area, while the average wildlife watcher lives in an urban setting. The average angler is only slightly more likely to live in an urban setting. F i g ure 1 . Profile of a Wildlife Tourist, Gulf Coast Region Sources: Datu Research based on Carpenter, 2012; Southwick Associates, 2012a, 2012b; USFWS, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2012, 2013 6 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Figure 2 lists specific interests under wildlife watching, recreational fishing, and hunting. Additional details include the following: Wildlife watching in the Gulf region draws more participants than any other wildliferelated activity. It is defined by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) as “closely observing, photographing, and/or feeding wildlife” (USFWS, 2012). Some activities, such as birding or sea turtle watching, are seasonal and depend on factors such as migratory patterns. The Gulf Coast is especially attractive for birding, being the first place birds land in North America after crossing the Gulf on their migration north. Most wildlife guides have advanced degrees in ornithology or wildlife biology, and require years of training to identify the many species of wildlife (Klay, 2013; Nagel-Mason, 2013). Recreational fishing in the Gulf states raises the most revenue of the three main wildlife-related activities. It includes fishing for consumption and or sport. Charter fishing guides play a crucial role in educating guests on the marine food chain. Most Gulf fish stocks are low. To sustain them, the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council imposes regulations such as catch limits and limited seasons for charter fishing businesses. Hunting is popular in all five Gulf Coast states. While most hunting in the Gulf states takes place on the more than 11 million acres of protected lands (Backcountry Chronicles, 2013), outfitters with private land also host thousands of hunters every year. As with wildlife watching and recreational fishing, hunting often involves guides (in hunting, these are commonly called “outfitters”). Providing valuable place-based education on the vital functions of a coastal ecosystem, all three activities thus play a central role in fostering longterm stewardship of coastal resources. Wildlife Watching Alligator Watching Fishing Hunting Flounder Alligator Grouper Boar Dolphin Tours Snapper Deer Sea Turtle Watching Swordfish Duck SCUBA/Snorkeling Tuna Quail Birding F i g ure 2 . Popular Wildliferelated Activities in the Gulf States note: Lists are not exhaustive Source: Datu Research based on USFWS, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2012, 2013 and industry interviews Birding at Leonabelle Turnbull Birding Center in Port Aransas, TX 7 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y A breakdown of participation in wildlife activities, by state, is found in Figure 3. At 11.6 billion participants, wildlife watching in the Gulf states attracts more visitors than any other wildlife activity, followed by recreational fishing and hunting. Florida and Texas each draw over seven million wildlife tourists. Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi each have approximately two million. F i g ure 3 . Participants in Florida Gulf States Wildlife 3,092,000 Activities, by State, by Activity, 2011 Texas Florida 4,376,000 4,308,000 Source: Datu Research based on data from USFWS, 2012 Louisiana Recreational Fishing 7,497,0002,332,000 Wildlife Watching 7,769,000 11,589,000 1,915,000 2,112,000 825,000 Alabama 683,000 7,642,000 Texas 2,246,000 Mississippi 651,000 Texas 1,147,000 Alabama Louisiana Mississippi 1,114,000 1,010,000 781,000 56%Te x a s 56% L o48% uisiana 29% 7,769,000 M i s s i41% ssippi 277,000 Mississippi Florida 483,000 242,000 3% 23% F l o r i d a 56% Alabam a 48% 41% 3% 39% 13% 48% 29% Louisiana 535,000 13% 21,770,000 Total Participants 25% 15% 15% Hunting 2,684,000 Alabama 25% 2,112,000 41% 1,915,000 34% 48% 23% 2,332,000 29% 56% 7,642,000 41% 39% 34% w i l d l i f e w atch i n g recreat i o n a l f i sh i n g 29% hu n t i n g In this study we examine the economic role of wildlife tourism in the five Gulf states. We document the size of all Gulf tourism and the share of wildlife tourism within it (Sections I and II); show the federal, state and local tax revenues generated by wildlife tourism (Section III); identify over 1,100 guide businesses in the 53 coastal counties and 12,000 mutually supporting lodging and dining establishments (Section IV); and document the extent to which all these entities—together comprising the wildlife tourism industry—depend on a healthy coastal environment (Section V). 8 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y 1 Tour i sm g e n erates 2. 6 m illi on jobs i n the re g i on . Tourism is one of the largest industries in the Gulf states, accounting for 2.6 million jobs in the region (see Figure 4). According to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, this is nearly five times the number of jobs provided by the region’s other three largest resource-based industries (commercial fisheries, oil and gas, and shipping) combined (BLS, 2013). F i g ure 4 . Number of Jobs in Gulf 2,578,440 States’ Four Largest Resource-based Industries, 2011 Source: Commercial Fisheries NOAA, 2013; all others BLS, 2013. * BLS data for commercial fishing jobs appear undercounted, reporting a total 682 jobs. For this reason, data are from NOAA % 478,386 36,191 13,324* Commercial Fisheries Oil & Gas Tourism Shipping For the counties and parishes that lie along the coast, the tourism industry is even more important. Figure 5 shows the distribution of more than 25,000 tourism-related businesses operating in the 53 coastal counties and parishes. This represents roughly 10 percent of total businessesses in those counties and parishes. The highest numbers of tourism firms are in states with the most coastal counties. For example, Florida’s 23 coastal counties have a total of more than 16,000 tourism businesses. Alabama’s two coastal counties host nearly 1,400 tourism-related businesses (BLS, 2010, 2013). 9 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M F i g ure 5 . Number of Tourism AL w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Businesses in the 53 Coastal Counties and Parishes, Gulf States, 2011 TX MS LA FL Source: BLS, 2010, 2013 Baldwin Mobile Jefferson Dixie Gulf Taylor Wakulla Franklin Levy Walton Citrus Santa Rosa Hernando Charlotte Monroe Bay Okaloosa Escambia Manatee Pasco Collier Sarasota Lee Pinellas Hillsborough Cameron Plaquemines Vermilion St. Bernard Iberia St. Mary Lafourche Terrebonne St. Tammany Jefferson Orleans Hancock Jackson Harrison Kenedy Jackson Willacy Chambers Calhoun Kleberg Matagorda Aransas San Patricio Brazoria Jefferson Cameron Galveston Nueces 10 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M 544 26 28 38 48 52 56 105 251 289 296 316 393 5 69 83 92 103 137 194 276 91 5 26 28 60 67 72 87 106 120 292 AL, 1,396 MS, 875 LA, 4,384 668 691 696 782 827 833 663 671 676 877 26,636 Businesses FL, 16,201 1,045 1,139 1,260 492 485 500 TX, 3,780 852 1,712 1,502 2,822 3,088 w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y TX MS LA FL AL Tourism provides nearly 500,000 jobs in the Gulf Coast counties, more than all statewide jobs in the other resource-based industries combined (see Figure 6) (BLS, 2010, 2013). Baldwin Mobile Dixie Jefferson Gulf Taylor Wakulla Franklin Levy Citrus Santa Rosa Hernando Walton Charlotte Pasco Monroe Okaloosa Bay Manatee Escambia Sarasota Collier Lee Pinellas Hillsborough Cameron Plaquemines Vermilion St. Bernard Iberia St. Mary Lafourche Terrebonne St. Tammany Jefferson Orleans Hancock Jackson Harrison Kenedy Willacy Jackson Calhoun Chambers Matagorda Aransas Kleberg San Patricio Brazoria Jefferson Cameron Galveston Nueces 166 274 287 523 579 681 806 3,205 4,523 4,872 5,029 6,120 45 845 943 1,225 1,718 2,122 2,757 4,746 2,360 4,428 33 306 312 708 1,012 1,013 1,183 1,344 1,931 11,237 15,338 TX, 72,417 AL, 26,575 F i g ure 6 . Number of Tourism Jobs in the 53 Coastal Counties and Parishes, Gulf states, MS, 26,294 LA, 82,797 11,669 11,762 12,304 12,534 13,565 14,586 19,777 22,477 10,790 22,083 2011 489,256 Jobs Source: BLS, 2010, 2013 FL, 281,173 30,607 45,325 59,502 35,523 19,506 8,595 10,847 12,295 14,826 18,012 11 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M AL US w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y F i g ure 7 . Tourism Jobs as % of Private Sector Employment and Parishes, Gulf States FL in the 53 Coastal Counties TX MS LA Source: BLS, 2010, 2013 U.S. Mobile Baldwin Taylor Hillsborough Pinellas Citrus Manatee Escambia Pasco Levy Jefferson Dixie Sarasota Charlotte Hernando Wakulla Santa Rosa Lee Okaloosa Collier Gulf Bay Walton Franklin Monroe Cameron Plaquemines Iberia Lafourche St. Mary Vermilion Terrebonne St. Bernard Jefferson St. Tammany Orleans Jackson Hancock Harrison Kenedy Jackson Calhoun Willacy Jefferson Matagorda Brazoria Cameron Chambers Nueces San Patricio Kleberg Galveston Aransas 12% 11% 9% 2% 7% 7% 20% 12% 12% 13% 13% 13% 14% 14% 15% 15% 16% 16% 17% 17% 17% 18% 19% 20% 21% 21% 9% 9% 9% 10% 12% 13% 17% 11% 4% 7% 8% 11% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 28% 31% 36% 23% 25% 22% 29% 28% Tourism jobs represent a considerable share of private sector employment in the coastal counties and parishes. Compared with the U.S. average—in which tourism jobs are 12.4% of private sector employment—the share is much higher in most coastal counties and parishes of the Gulf (see Figure 7). Thirteen counties have concentrations between 15% and 19%. In 12 counties and parishes at least 20% of private sector jobs are tourism related, and in five counties the share is 28% or higher (BLS, 2010). In Monroe County, Florida, the share is 36%. 12 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y 2 W i ld li f e tourism g e n erates over $ 1 9 bi lli on i n a n n ua l spe nd in g . Wildlife tourism is a vital segment of the Gulf region’s economy. Together, the three wildliferelated activities of wildlife watching, recreational fishing, and hunting generated $19.4 billion in 2011. Recreational fishing accounts for the largest share, roughly $8 billion. Wildlife watching generates $6.5 billion, and hunting, $5 billion (see Figure 8). F i g ure 8 . Annual Revenues ($millions) from Wildlife Wildlife Watching, $6,484,469,000 Tourism, Gulf Region, 2011 Fishing, $7,958,624,000 Source: USFWS, 2012; Yoskowitz, 2011 Hunting, $4,950,355,000 $19.4 billion Swamp tour at Jean Lafitte National Park, Louisiana 13 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Figure 9 shows how the $19.4 billion in annual revenues from wildlife activities are distributed across the three main categories. Recreational fishing accounts for roughly $8 billion. Wildlife watching generates $6.5 billion, and hunting, $5 billion. Florida hosts the largest wildlife tourism segment in the Gulf at $8 billion. At over $5 billion, Texas is second. Finally, Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi each bring in nearly $2 billion in wildlife tourism revenues (USFWS, 2012). F i g ure 9 . Wildlife Activity Spending, Gulf Region, by State, by Activity, 2011 Source: USFWS, 2012 $9,000,000,000 $8,000,000,000 $7,000,000,000 $6,000,000,000 $5,000,000,000 Hunting $4,000,000,000 Fishing $3,000,000,000 Wildlife Watching $2,000,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $- Florida Alabama dolphin tour 14 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Figure 10 further shows how the $19.4 billion in annual revenues from wildlife activities are distributed across three spending types: equipment, trip-related, and other expenditures. Trip-related spending totaled $9.6 billion in 2011, including services such as food, lodging and transportation. Equipment purchases totaled $6.7 billion and include gear such as fishing rods, guns, binoculars, dive masks, and apparel. Other expenditures totaled $3.1 billion and include items such as licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and land leasing. (USFWS, 2012). $3.1 billion $6,000,000,000 Equipment Expenditures 35% $5,000,000,000 F i g ure 1 0 . $9.6 billion Other Expenditures 16% Wildlife Activity Spending, by Type, 2011 Trip-related Expenditures 49% Source: USFWS, 2012 $4,000,000,000 $3,000,000,000 $6.7 billion Trip-related Equipment $2,000,000,000 Other Expenditures $1,000,000,000 $- Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Each type of spending has a different area of economic impact (see Table 1). Trip-related expenditures—the $9.6 billion that makes up almost half of Gulf wildlife tourism revenue— are spent in the counties and parishes where the wildlife-related activities take place, directly supporting local businesses. Equipment purchases support local retailers. Other expenditures on items such as licenses and permits become state and local government revenues to help fund public services. Tab l e 1 . Spending Type Amount per year Example local Benefits Trip-related $9.6 billion Lodging, food, transportation Local service businesses Equipment $6.7 billion Fishing rods, guns, binoculars Local retailers Other $3.1 billion Permits, licenses, stamps State & local government revenues Economic Impact of Wildlife Activity Spending, Gulf Region, 2011 Source: (USFWS, 2012) 15 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Figure 11 shows how the $9.6 billion of trip-related spending is distributed across three categories: food and lodging, transportation, and other trip costs. At 41%, food and lodging represents the largest share. Transportation expenditures represent just under a third (31%) of trip-related expenditures, including items such as car rental, boat rental, taxi services, and public transportation. Other trip costs represent 28% of all trip-related expenditures, including items such as land-use fees, guide fees, equipment rental, and bait. F i g ure 1 1 . Trip-related Wildlife $2.7 billion Activity Spending, Gulf Region, by Type, 2011 Source: USFWS, 2012 Other Trip Costs 28% $3.9 billion Food and Lodging 41% $1,867 $1,639 Transportation 31% $1,310 $3 billion Alabama Kayak tour through a Louisiana tupelo cypress swamp 16 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M $295 $208 Florida Transportation $478 $443 $286 $267 Food and Lodging $1,009 $874 $223 Louisiana $254 $235 $152 Mississippi Texas Other Trip Costs w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y 3 WILDLIF E TO U R I S M G E N E R ATES OVER $ 5 B ILLIO N A NNUA LLY IN F EDE R A L , S TAT E A N D L O C A L TA X R EVENUES. Figure 12 shows taxes from wildlife activities surpassed $5.3 billion in 2011. Approximately $2.8 billion, 53%, was federal tax revenue. Approximately $2.5 billion, 47%, was state and local tax revenues. At $2.2 billion, fishing brings in the most taxes, followed by $2 billion from wildlife watching and $1.2 billion from hunting (Southwick Associates, 2012a, 2012b; USFWS, 2008). Sources of taxes include payroll taxes, sales taxes on expenditures, corporate taxes, and excise taxes (USFWS, 2008). F i g ure 1 2 . Wildlife Watching* Fishing Hunting $2.0 B $2.2 B $1.2 B Federal $2.8 B $972 M $1.2 B $628 M State & Local $2.5 B $962 M $967 M $552 M Total $5.3 B Tax Revenues from Wildlife Tourism, 2011 Source: Southwick Associates, 2012a, 2012b; USFWS, 2008 * Data from 2006 Investing funds from the RESTORE Act and other legal settlements in coastal restoration will rebuild the natural capital on which wildlife tourism depends. By fortifying the wildlife tourism industry, these projects also secure valuable tax revenues necessary to provide public services. Figure 13 shows the state and local tax revenues for each of the five Gulf Coast states and examples of equivalent public services they can provide. 17 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y F i g ure 1 3 . Can buy 7,613 school buses State and Local Tax Revenues from Gulf Wildlife Activities: Texas $818,448,112 Equivalents note: Salaries are based on BLS data for each occupation, annual mean wage, by state, May 2012. Source: Datu Research, based on BLS, 2013; FDOE, 2011; USFWS, 2006, 2012 Mississippi $209,405,946 Louisiana $201,177,488 Florida Alabama 18 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M Can pay the salaries of 6,729 firefighters Can pay the salaries of 5,154 police officers Can pay the salaries of 16,438 nurses $1,052,330,471 $199,532,242 Can pay the salaries of 3,981 secondary school teachers w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y 4 OVER 1 , 100 G U I D E A N D O U T FITTER ENTITIES A ND 1 1 , 0 0 0 LO DGING AN D DINING E S TA B LIS H ME N TS GENER ATE B USINESS FO R O NE A NOTHER. For this study we define the wildlife tourism industry as two segments: 1) guide and outfitting businesses for wildlife watching, recreational fishing and hunting, and 2) relevant lodging and dining establishments that serve customers engaging in these wildlife-related activities. We first estimated the number of firms in each of the two segments, using data from countylevel convention and visitor bureaus (CVBs) and tourism development councils (TDCs). Next, to determine the impact of guide and outfitting businesses on local lodging and dining businesses, we conducted a survey of over 500 firms in the 53 coastal counties. In the guide and outfitter segment, we identified 1,104 businesses (see Table 2). Of these, 230 are wildlife watching businesses, 883 are recreational fishing, and 96 are hunting outfitter businesses. Totals in Table 2 add up to more than 1,104 because many businesses engage in two or more of the three activities. For instance, some fishing charter businesses may also offer wildlife watching tours. 19 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Tab l e 2 . Number of Guide Businesses in Coastal Counties & Parishes, Gulf Region, by Type Source: County-level Convention and Visitors Bureaus and Tourism Development Councils 1 The full list of 1,104 guide and outfitter establishments is found in the appendix at the end of this report. State County AL FL LA MS TX Baldwin 182,265 Mobile 412,992 Bay 168,852 Charlotte 159,978 Citrus 141,238 Collier 321,520 Dixie 16,422 Escambia 297,619 Franklin 11,549 Gulf 15,863 Hernando 172,778 Hillsborough 1,229,226 Jefferson 14,761 Lee 618,754 Levy 40,801 Manatee 322,833 Monroe 73,090 Okaloosa 180,822 Pasco 464,697 Pinellas 916,542 Santa Rosa 151,372 Sarasota 379,448 Taylor 22,570 Wakulla 30,776 Walton 55,043 Cameron Parish 6,839 Iberia Parish 73,240 Jefferson Parish 432,552 Lafourche Parish 96,318 Orleans Parish 369,250 Plaquemines Parish 23,042 St. Bernard Parish 35,897 St. Mary Parish 54,650 St. Tammany 233,740 Terrebonne Parish 111,860 Vermilion Parish 57,999 Jackson/Hancock/ Harrison 370,702 Aransas 23,158 Brazoria 313,166 Calhoun 21,381 Cameron/Willacy 428,354 Chambers 35,096 Galveston 291,309 Jackson 14,075 Jefferson 252,273 Kenedy 416 Kleberg 32,061 Matagorda 36,702 Nueces 340,223 San Patricio 64,804 Totals 20 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M Pop. 10,120,918 wildlife watchingFishing hunting Total Guides 0 25 4 3 27 1 0 4 4 4 0 2 3 4 12 3 2 9 1 0 4 1 0 4 3 1 N/D 2 3 2 0 0 2 5 10 0 2 86 22 5 10 6 5 9 4 18 6 23 1 11 14 7 141 2 10 14 4 7 3 2 6 6 N/D 31 19 6 33 4 3 5 26 2 2 3 0 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 1 3 N/D 1 1 0 6 4 0 0 3 5 85 4 27 9 37 8 5 11 8 20 6 26 4 12 30 9 141 10 9 13 11 7 3 5 10 8 N/D 32 22 8 34 6 6 10 36 7 20 9 0 0 17 0 10 N/D 0 N/D 0 2 19 1 74 46 2 8 46 0 36 N/D 10 N/D 1 22 82 3 3 6 1 3 0 5 3 N/D 0 N/D 1 8 10 0 78 49 3 10 57 5 43 N/D 11 N/D 1 40 92 3 230 883 961,104 w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y In the dining and lodging segment, we identified 11,384 businesses (see Table 3). Of these, 6,451 were dining establishments and 4,933 were lodging. Tab l e 3 . State County Population Dining Major Regional vacation Bed & Camping Total hotelshotelsrentalsbreakfast AL Baldwin 182,265 Mobile 412,992 FL Bay 168,852 Charlotte 159,978 Citrus 141,238 Collier 321,520 Dixie 16,422 Escambia 297,619 Franklin 11,549 Gulf 15,863 Hernando 172,778 Hillsborough 1,229,226 Jefferson 14,761 Lee 618,754 Levy 40,801 Manatee 322,833 Monroe 73,090 Okaloosa 180,822 Pasco 464,697 Pinellas 916,542 Santa Rosa 151,372 Sarasota 379,448 Taylor 22,570 Wakulla 30,776 Walton 55,043 LA Cameron Parish 6,839 Iberia Parish 73,240 Jefferson Parish 432,552 Lafourche Parish 96,318 Orleans Parish 369,250 Plaquemines Parish 23,042 St. Bernard Parish 35,897 St. Mary Parish 54,650 St. Tammany 233,740 Terrebonne Parish 111,860 Vermilion Parish 57,999 MS Jackson/Hancock/ Harrison 370,702 TX Aransas 23,158 Brazoria 313,166 Calhoun 21,381 Cameron/Willacy 428,354 Chambers 35,096 Galveston 291,309 Jackson 14,075 Jefferson 252,273 Kenedy 416 Kleberg 32,061 Matagorda 36,702 Nueces 340,223 San Patricio 64,804 Totals 10,120,918 155 87 172 190 196 90 21 46 49 57 225 180 16 165 63 143 143 195 23 602 106 110 26 40 193 95 86 59 93 775 90 85 76 246 67 46 7 46 1 10 7 31 N/D 38 1 N/D 7 78 3 63 2 24 13 22 17 62 8 26 5 1 8 N/D 8 32 9 50 2 N/D 13 22 14 2 Number of Dining and Lodging Businesses 11 13 4 36 16 70 5 21 14 10 12 10 3 73 29 57 102 21 19 69 3 16 18 4 20 3 5 6 16 67 7 N/D 7 11 8 6 258 8 10 50 10 64 3 74 19 105 1 0 N/D 155 3 54 97 266 6 26 50 61 3 N/D 504 10 N/D N/D N/D N/D 1 N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D 2 6 N/D 1 3 22 2 3 5 1 1 0 5 7 2 3 69 3 1 15 N/D 1 N/D N/D 2 N/D 11 N/D 7 71 N/D N/D 6 17 13 5 14 7 5 9 20 14 11 12 4 7 20 2 4 6 20 16 12 4 55 16 17 3 10 6 7 19 6 13 12 N/D N/D 4 15 7 10 7 292 80 20 106 56 201 21 148 43 123 41 90 15 304 56 154 293 316 98 188 78 107 36 11 541 32 30 51 44 188 10 4 41 57 45 20 170 100 36 9 48 28 282 2 48 10 11 105 144 N/D 4,933 406 41 62 10 62 N/D 227 6 79 4 50 68 425 N/D 60 5 8 5 11 10 18 2 15 2 11 6 51 N/D 38 17 7 4 19 9 13 N/D 14 8 N/D 16 28 N/D 28 42 11 N/D 15 N/D 236 N/D N/D N/D N/D 72 27 N/D 8 6 2 N/D N/D 1 9 N/D N/D N/D N/D 4 12 N/D 36 30 8 N/D 3 8 6 N/D 19 N/D N/D 7 26 N/D 6,451 836 965 2,269 326 537 in Coastal Counties & Parishes, Gulf Region, by Type Source: County-level Convention and Visitors Bureaus (CVBs) and Tourism Development Councils (TDCs) 3 To visit the CVB or TDC with the full list of firms, click on the county name. For counties without a CVB or TDC, we referenced the chamber of commerce. 21 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Guides and outfitters cater to participants in wildlife watching, fishing and hunting providing a range of services. They captain boats, host excursions, educate visitors, and provide equipment such as kayaks. We conducted a random survey of more than 100 Gulf Coast guide businesses.2 Survey respondents’ participation, by state and by activity, is shown in Figure 14. Response rates closely reflected the number of businesses in each state, with over 60% of respondents coming from Florida and Texas. The majority of respondents own charter fishing businesses. States Represented in Survey of Guide Businesses F i g ure 1 4 . Number of Guide Businesses, by Type Datu Survey of Over Alabama, 10% 100 Gulf Coast Guide Businesses, Respondent Data 17 Wildlife Only Texas, 30% Hunting Only Source: Datu Research Survey 49 Fishing Only Florida, 31% 18 Fishing & Wildlife 10 Hunting & Fishing Hunting & Wildlife Mississippi, 12% 0 All Activities 2 10 Louisiana, 16% Survey results show that although guide and outfitting businesses are small, they have a large impact on local tourism (see Figure 15). Over 86% have one to five employees. However, nearly 60% host over 200 visitors per year, and many host several thousand. For example, one Texas guide business we spoke with has five employees and hosts nearly 1,400 visitors annually. Another with 13 employees hosts over 5,000 (Klay, 2013; Nagel-Mason, 2013). NumberNumber of Employees of Employees F i g ure 1 5 . Size of Guide Businesses,1 - 5 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 + Internet survey distributed via email to 537 guide and outfitter firms in the 53 coastal counties and parishes of the Gulf region, April 8 – 23, 2013. Survey had a response rate of 19.74%, for a total of 106 respondents. 2 4% 6 - 10 4% 5% 11 - 15 5% 1%16 - 20 3% 21 + 0% 22 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M 20% 0% % of Businesses % of Businesses 1% 3% 40% 20% 60% 40% 80% 100% 60% 80% 100% 58% 201+ 86% Number of Clients Source: Datu Research Survey 6 - 10 86% 1-5 Number of Employees and Clients Number of Employees Measured in Employees Number of Clients 151-200 101-150 101-150 76-100 51-75 26-50 8% 8% 8% 9% 8% 6% % of Businesses w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y The survey revealed a network of over 12,000 guide, lodging and dining establishments working together to generate business for one another. To provide guests a wider array of services, many firms keep a list of businesses they can recommend to visitors. This arrangement provides mutual economic benefit to everyone in the network (see Figure 16). Lodging and dining establishments benefit substantially from wildlife guide and outfitters. Approximately 40% (42 of 106 respondents) said at least half their clientele ask for hotel recommendations. Restaurants benefit even more; over 55% of guide businesses say at least half their clientele ask for restaurant recommendations. F i g ure 1 6 . 22 20 10 23 12 About how many hotels regularly send guests to your business? 6-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% >75% % of Respondents 0-5% 19 27% 0 Number of Responses Wildlife Guides & Outfitters About what % of your guests ask for hotel recommendations? About what % of your guests ask for restaurant recommendations? 28 5 0-5% 5 32 23 13 6-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% >75% 43% 17% 1-3 4-6 1% 7-10 11% 11+ Number of Hotels About how many restaurants regularly recommend your business to their guests? % of Respondents Number of Responses Likewise, wildlife guides and outfitters benefit substantially from lodging and dining establishments. Wildlife Tourism Business Networks More than 66% of guide businesses have working relationships with area hotels, while 25% get referrals from four or more hotels. More than 66% of guide businesses have working relationships Source: with restaurants, and more than 15% get referrals from at least four restaurants. Datu Research Survey Lodging 31% 46% 11% 0 3% 1-3 4-6 7-10 Number of Restaurants 9% 11+ Dining 23 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Manatees at Crystal River Preserve State Park in Citrus County, Florida Industry leaders shared that these referral networks are important for business, and that these relationships are evolving (Ford, 2013; Green, 2013; Hornsby, 2013; Jackson, 2013; Reese, 2013). Guides typically make recommendations for lodging based on guest preferences, but other key factors include personal or professional relationships with the lodging owner (Gould, 2013; Wilkinson, 2013). A number of guides mentioned they prefer to recommend smaller local establishments when possible, based on where they themselves like to eat (Gould, 2013; Wilkinson, 2013) (Jackson, 2013). Lodging institutions take special care to evaluate the guide businesses they recommend, since their guests’ experience with the guides will reflect on their own establishment (Ford, 2013; Wohlford, 2013). A large vacation rental firm said its list of preferred guides resulted from decades of interaction (Maldonado, 2013). A concierge service at a large luxury hotel said when it makes reservations on behalf of guests, it prefers to call smaller outfitters, where they will know the person who answers the phone (Ford, 2013). As guide, lodging and dining businesses realize the mutual benefits of working together, networks evolve and grow. In Mississippi, where demand for charter fishing tours is high, many hotels outsource booking to the Mississippi Hotel and Lodging Association, which now arranges trips with 25 charter fishing businesses on behalf of four large hotels (Hornsby, 2013). A charter boat captain in Alabama provides “The Captain’s Choice,” a source of recommendations for where to stay and eat (Boggs, 2013). Guide business owners often work with lodging and dining establishments to sell all-inclusive packages (Green, 2013; Jackson, 2013; Nagel-Mason, 2013; Reese, 2013). Some guides now use daily deal websites such as Living Social or Groupon to sell packages to a wider audience (Nagel-Mason, 2013). 24 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y 5 W i ld li f e Tour ism B usinesses R ely on H ea lth y C oasta l E nv iron men ts. Because wildlife needs healthy habitat to thrive, Gulf Coast guide and outfitting entities depend on healthy coastal environments for their business. This in turn makes a healthy environment crucial to the lodging and dining entities where wildlife tourists eat and sleep. The relationship between the various tourism entities and the environment is depicted in Figure 17. F i g ure 17 . All Tourism Relationship between Wildlife Guides, Lodging and Dining All Dining and Lodging Entities, and a Healthy Coastal Environment Source: Datu Research, based on industry interviews Where Wildlife Tourists Eat and Sleep Wildlife Tourism Wildlife Guides & Outfitters SUPPORTS A Healthy Coastal Environment For this study, we interviewed a number of wildlife tourism business owners across the five Gulf states. Many guide and outfitting owners expressed that their business depends entirely on the health of the coastal environment. In the lodging industry, a number of respondents said they benefit substantially from the visitors drawn to the region each year by wildlife guides and outfitters. Several spoke of how important these businesses are to their success, conveying the vital importance of a robust wildlife guide industry, and in turn, a healthy coastal environment, to their long-term vitality and growth. Sample quotes are found in Figure 18. 25 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y F i g ure 1 8 . Wildlife Tourism Businesses and Dependence on Healthy Coastal Environments Source: Datu Research, interviews with industry leaders The environment, that’s the main thing that gives you the quality of your animals. Luke Luchenbach – Founder, Luchenbach Hunting Tours & Game Processing in Brazoria, TX If we don't have a healthy environment, then people don't have a reason to come. If we don't have the proper feedstock for the birds-whether they're coming or going--if we don't have a fresh water supply, then the birds are going to go elsewhere. Guy Robert Jackson – Founder, Waterborne Education Center in Anahuac, TX There’s a strong link between the health of the local environment, and the success of our business. Karen Ford – Concierge, The Ritz Carlton in New Orleans, LA We strive to show people the beauty and lushness of our ecosystem, but have a hard time finding examples of healthy cypress tupelo forests because of human activity that interferes with natural hydrology. We end up showing people small patches of the way things should be and a lot of dead and dying forests. If something doesn’t change soon, we won’t have the healthy forests for much longer. Marie Gould – Co-Founder, Louisiana Lost Land Tours in St. James, St. John the Baptist, and Plaquemines Parishes, LA I’ll tell you one thing, it’s [recreational fishing] a huge piece of business. 90% of charter bookings are from out of state visitors. Linda Hornsby – Executive Director, Mississippi Hotel & Lodging Association. Guide Businesses Lodging Businesses 26 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M My business depends 110% on the health of the environment…on the resources themselves – the fact that I’m allowed to go on Dog Island for my birding and shelling trips. It’s dependent on the fish biting, it’s dependent on the dolphin jumping out of the water. You know, if you just go out there and nothing happens, you know jeez, it’s like ‘great trip, but it was only a boat ride.’ Capt. Chester Reese – Owner/Operator, Natural World Charters in Carrabelle, FL How much of an impact does it (wildlife tourism) have on our business? It is our business. Without it, we wouldn’t exist. Warren Renfro – Manager, Bay City Lodge in Apalachicola, FL The beach is our primary draw, but recreational fishing is a strong second. Then there’s diving and dolphin tours, which run at full capacity every day. Lino Maldonado – V.P. Operations, Wyndham Vacation Rentals North America, Santa Rosa, FL We take more than 7,000 people out fishing each year. 85% of those folks come from out of state. 100% of my business depends on a healthy environment. Randy Boggs – Owner, Reel Surprise Charters in Orange Beach, AL There’s a very basic, yet direct link between the health of our entire environment and business. If I’ve got an unhealthy body of water, then I’ve got an unhealthy economy, an unhealthy business, and unhealthy people. Paul Wohlford, Vice President of Sales and Marketing, The Resort Collection of Panama City Beach 100% of my business depends on a healthy environment. No question. That IS my business. Patrick Green – Owner, Panama City Diving in Panama City, FL w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Given the critical role of a healthy environment, it follows that ongoing damage from human activities and extreme weather events puts these businesses in a precarious state. Several business owners said that even for sites far away from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, just the idea of the oil spill was enough to silence their phones for months on end (Maldonado, 2013; Reese, 2013; Wilkinson, 2013). The means to build a more secure business environment for this industry is to fortify the natural environment. Figure 19 lists some common coastal restoration project types, highlighting the relevance of each project type to hunting, recreational fishing, and wildlife watching. Most project types such as wetlands creation benefit all three wildlife activities, while others such as sea turtle conservation are more targeted. Fishing Wildlife Watching Wetlands creation Hunting F i g ure 1 9 . Common Coastal Restoration Projects and Benefit to Wildlife Activities Shoreline, barrier island, & bank stabilization Sediment diversions Source: NOAA, 2013 Hydrologic restoration Habitat and fisheries monitoring Oyster reef restoration Sea grass restoration Sea turtle conservation Land acquisition and protection 27 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Con clu sion The data in this study have shown the vital role that wildlife tourism plays in the Gulf Coast economy. This industry comprises over 1,100 businesses that directly serve wildlife watchers, anglers and hunters and over 11,000 lodging and dining businesses where they eat and sleep. Wildlife tourism accounts for $19.4 billion in annual revenue and an additional $5.3 billion in tax revenue. Especially in the 53 coastal counties and parishes, wildlife tourism is a crucial mainstay of the region’s economy, one that provides thousands of much-needed jobs. Many guide and outfitter business owners interviewed for this study expressed that a healthy coastal environment is essential for their very existence. Hospitality industry leaders similarly emphasized the importance of wildlife tourism to their business. Where ecosystems can no longer support wildlife, their clients have no reason to come. Severe land loss and the decreased health of the Gulf’s estuaries pose an ongoing threat to wildlife habitats and the tourism activities that depend on them. Unless bold steps are taken, the regional economy risks losing billions of dollars in annual revenue, along with the natural capital from which it comes. Because a healthy ecosystem is at the heart of the region’s economy, restoring the Gulf ecosystem is the best way to help the region economically. The RESTORE Act and additional legal settlements related to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill offer a unique chance to restore Gulf Coast ecosystems. Applying these new funding sources to restoration projects is an essential investment in restoring the coastal environment and the regional economy. 28 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y R e f e ren ces Ci te d Backcountry Chronicles. (2013). Total Public Hunting Land Acres Available by State for USFS, BLM & State Owned Lands. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www.backcountrychronicles.com/public-hunting-land/. BLS. (2010). Gulf Coast Leisure and Hospitality Employment and Wages. Bureau of Labor Statistics Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.bls.gov/cew/gulf_coast_leisure_hospitality.htm. ---. (2013). Occupational Employment Statistics: May 2011 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates. Bureau of Labor Statistics Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm. Boggs, Randy. (2013). Owner, Reel Surprise Charters. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. April 30. Carpenter, Bob. (2012). National Wildlife Federation National Survey of Hunters & Anglers. Chesapeake Beach, MD: Chesapeake Beach Consulting. http://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/Wildlife/Sportsmen/2012PollSlides.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20130409T1128487343. FDOE. (2011). Pricing and Ordering Guide For School Buses 2010-2011: Florida Department of Education. http://faptflorida.org/2010-16%20P&O%20Guide.pdf. Ford, Karen. (2013). Concierge, The Ritz Carlton, New Orleans. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. April 12, 2013. Gould, Marie. (2013). Co-Owner, Louisiana Lost Land Environmental Tours, L3C. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. March 27, 2013. Green, Patrick. (2013). Owner, Panama City Diving. Personal communication with datu Researchers. March 26, 2013. GRP. (2012). Memo to Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees: Gulf Renewal Project. http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/climate/docs/NRDAProjectPortfolio-FINAL7-09-12.pdf. Hargreaves, Steve. (2010). Gulf Oil Spill: What’s at Stake. CNN Money Retrieved March 13, 2013, from http://money.cnn.com/2010/05/26/news/economy/gulf_economy/index.htm. Hornsby, Linda. (2013). Executive Director, Mississippi Hotel & Lodging Association. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. April 22, 2013. Jackson, Guy. (2013). Founder, Waterborne Education Center Personal communication with Datu Researchers. March 12, 2013. Klay, Karla. (2013). Director, Artist Boat. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. May 6, 2013. 29 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Maldonado, Lino. (2013). Vice President, Operations, Wyndham Vacation Rentals North America. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. February 26, 2013. Nagel-Mason, Toni. (2013). Director of Wildlife Programs, King Ranch. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. April 3, 2013. Reese, Chester. (2013). Captain, Natural World Charters. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. March 8, 2013. Southwick Associates. (2012a). Hunting in America: An Economic Force for Conservation: National Shooting Sports Foundation in partnership with the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. http://www.nssf.org/PDF/research/HuntingInAmerica_EconomicForceForConservation.pdf. ---. (2012b). Sportfishing in America: An Economic Force for Conservation: Under a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Sport Fish Restoration Grant. http://asafishing.org/uploads/2011_ASASportfishing_in_America_Report_January_2013.pdf. USDOC. (2013). Path Forward to Restoring the Gulf Coast: A Proposed Comprehensive Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. http://www.restorethegulf.gov/release/2013/01/29/path-forward-restoring-gulf-coast. USFWS. (2006). 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/fhw06-nat.pdf. ---. (2008a). 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Texas. Washington, DC: US Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/fhw06-tx.pdf. ---. (2008b). 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Louisiana. Washington, DC: US Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/fhw06-la.pdf. ---. (2008c). 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Mississippi. Washington, DC: US Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/fhw06-ms.pdf. ---. (2008d). Wildlife Watching in the U.S.: The Economic Impacts on National and State Economies in 2006. Addendum to the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/8. ---. (2012). 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation - State Overview. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/fhw11-nat.pdf. ---. (2013). 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation: Alabama. Washington, DC: US Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/fhw11-al.pdf. Wilkinson, Kathy. (2013). Co-Owner, Eco-Tours of South Mississippi. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. April 19, 2013. Wohlford, Paul. (2013). Vice President, Sales & Marketing, The Resort Collection of Panama City Beach. Personal communication with Datu Researchers. March 4, 2013. 30 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y A p pe ndi x: Full List of Guides and Outfitters in Coastal Counties and Parishes fishinghunting wildlife A Family Fishing Adventure A Pair A Dice Fishing Charter A-1 Charter/Outcast Boat AAA Charters AAA Dolphin Charters Action Charter Service Action Outdoors Entertainment, LLC Alabama Coastal Outdoors, LLC Alabama Deep Sea Fishing Alabama Dolphin Cruises Alabama Fish N Fun Alabama Girl Inshore Fishing Charters All Jack’d Up Charters Amber Gene, Inc Charters America II Charters Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Gulf Shores Orange Beach Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • America Star Dolphin Encounter and Nature Cruise Orange Beach Baldwin Anatare’s Lost Key Cruises Aquastar Charters Bad Habit Charters Captain Kurt Sportfishing Charters Cetacean Cruises Charter Boat Dorado Chipper’s Clipper Charters Class Act Charters, Inc Clyde’s Inshore Fishing Cool Change Charters Corsair Charters C-Rose Charters Cruise OB Dauphin Island Eco Tours Distraction Charters Dolphin Cruises, Inc Dolphin Queen Cruises Dottie Joe Charter Service Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Dauphin Island Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Josephine Orange Beach Orange Beach Dauphin Island Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Gulf Shores Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Mobile • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Mobile Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin Baldwin • • • a l abama company namecitycounty • • • • • • • • • 31 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y a l abama company namecitycounty Down Under Dive Shop Downstream Charters Emerald Spirit Charters Escape Charters Explorer Charters Fairhope Boat Company Fairwater II Charters Fins and Family Fishing Charter Fins and Family Fishing Charter Fish Trap Charters Gary’s Gulf Divers Getaway Charters Good Times Charter Fishing Good Times Two Charters Gulf Adventures - No Excuses Charters Gulf Coast Charters Gulf of Mexico Trips Gulf Rebel Charters Gulf Winds II Gumbo Sports Inshore Fishing Head Hunter Fishing Charters Hey Boy II Charters High Cotton Charters Highlander Charters Hooked Up Inshore Charters Intimidator Sport Fishing, Inc Intruder Charters Island Girl Charters Island Time Charters Jamie G Charters Joyce Charters Killin’ Time Charters Kittywake Charters Kreamer Inshore Lady D Charters Lickety-Split Charter Little Lagoon Guide Service Lucy L Charters Making Waves Dolphin Cruises Max Drag Charters, LLC MDG Fishing Charters Miss Hollie Charters Mo Fishin Charters Necessity Charters Nicole Fishing Charters OB Watersports 32 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M Gulf Shores Orange Beach Orange Beach Dauphin Island Orange Beach Fairhope Orange Beach Gulf Shores Gulf Shores Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Gulf Shores Orange Beach Gulf Shores Orange Beach Orange Beach Gulf Shores Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Foley Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Gulf Shores Orange Beach fishinghunting wildlife Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Mobile • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • • • • • • • • • w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y fishinghunting wildlife Gulf Shores Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Spanish Fort Gulf Shores Gulf Shores Orange Beach Bay Minette Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Josephine Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Theodore Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Foley Orange Beach Daphne Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Orange Beach Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Mobile Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin Baldwin Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • Baldwin • A Lil’ Tail Charters A Reel Good Time Charters A Reelfishing Charter AAA Gulf Coast Fishing and Boating A1 Sea Dog Charters A1A Sportfishing About Fun Charters Absolute Flats Fishing Adirondack Exposure Adventure Diving Adventures Unlimited Adventure Watersport Charters Air Tank Divers Islamorada Islamorada Punta Gorda Port Saint Joe Marathonq Marathon Port St. Joe New Port Richey Cedar Key Crystal River Milton Key West Homosassa Monroe • Monroe • Charlotte • Gulf • Monroe • Monroe • Gulf • Pasco • Levy • Citrus Santa Rosa Monroe • Citrus • • • • • • • • • f l or i da On Island Time Charters Orange Beach Fishing Association Orange Beach Fishing Charter Co-op Outcast Charter Docks Marina Pelican Pontoon Boat Delta Cruise Prime Tyme Charters Red Eye Charters Reel Surprise Charters Rhodes Hunting Preserve, LLC Rip Tide Charters Rob’s Inshore Fishing Rookie II Charters Sail Dolphin Cruises Salty Dog Charters Sea Hunter Charters Sea Spray Charters Sea Worthy Charters Shirley R Charters Southern Belle Alabama Cruises Sport’s Man’s Charters Summer Breeze Charter Fishing Summer Hunter Charters Surf’s Up Dolphin Cruises The Hunting Company The Hunting Company/Bow Fishing Ugly Fishing Charters Undertaker Charters Unreachable Charters White Capps Charters Yellowbird Fishing Charters Zeke’s Lady Charters a l abama company namecitycounty • • • • 33 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y F l or i da company namecitycounty AJ Brown Charters Allcatch Fishing Charters Always Fishing Guide Service American Pro Diving Center Anglers Choice Outfitters Cedar Key Tampa Spring Hill Crystal River Ft. Myers Angling Adventures Charter Fishing Service Spring Hill Angry Bird Fishing Charters Navarre Anna Maria Charters Bradenton Anna Maria Island Fishing Tampa Another Keeper Charters Englewood Apalachicola Bay Serenity Charters Apalachicola Apalachicola Maritime Museum Apalachicola Aquadog Charters Eastpoint A-Reel Easy Charter/Dive Pensacola Beach Art N Diving Crystal River Back Atcha Charters Panama City Back to Business - Capt. 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C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y l ou i s i a n a company namecitycounty Munsons World Famous Swamp Tour Myrtle Grove Charters Paradise Outfitters of Louisiana Pearl River Eco-Tours Pecan Island Redfish Charters Pelagic Charters Pelican State Fishing Charters, LLC Plaisance Tidewater Charters Pointe Aux Chenes Marina Pontchartrain Charters Premier Charters Pure Pleasure Fishing Charters Rippin Lip Guide Service, L.L.C. 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C O M fishinghunting wildlife Terrebonne Plaquemines • Plaquemines • Saint Tammany Vermilion • Jefferson • Jefferson • Lafourche • Terrebonne • Saint Tammany • Jefferson • Plaquemines • Lafourche • Plaquemines • Plaquemines • Cameron • Terrebonne • Lafourche • Plaquemines • Terrebonne • Terrebonne • Lafourche • Cameron • Lafourche • Saint Mary • Plaquemines • Plaquemines • Vermilion • Lafourche Terrebonne • Plaquemines • Plaquemines • Plaquemines • Plaquemines • Terrebonne Terrebonne Plaquemines • Lafourche Jefferson • • • • • • • • • • • w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y fishinghunting wildlife Harrison • Jackson • Harrison • Harrison • Hancock Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Jackson • Hancock • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison Jackson Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Jackson • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Jackson • Jackson • Jackson • Harrison • Harrison • 9-Ball Fishing Charters Adventure Charters & Dive Amberjack Charters Amberjack Sport Fishing Charters Bay Breeze Bike & Kayak Rentals Beverlee Ann Charters Big Fish Charters Biloxi Bay Charter Biloxi Cruise Company Biloxi Fishing Trip Biloxi Shrimping Trip Bojohla Charters Bo-Jo-La Charters Break Away Charter Boat Cajun Boss Charters Cam-Lo Charters Captain Ron’s Charters Chandeleur Outfitters Chasing Tail Charters, LLC Dominator Fishing Charters, LLC Due South Charters Ecogeno Bicycle Shop Eco-Tours Of South Mississippi Fins & Grins Charter Service, LLC First Priority Charters Fish Finder Charters Fish South Mississippi Fisha-Tractor Charters Fishfinder Charters Fishing Frenzy Charters Fish-On Charters Fishtales Charters Fishy Business Fort Bayou Charters Gaff-In Charters Geaux Fish Charters, Inc Gofish Charters of MS Goin’ Coastal Charters Long Beach Moss Point Biloxi Biloxi Bay St. Louis Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Gulfport Long Beach Long Beach Biloxi Ocean Springs Bay St. Louis Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Gautier D’Iberville Biloxi Biloxi Gulfport Pascagoula Biloxi Long Beach Biloxi Christian Gulfport Ocean Springs Ocean Springs Ocean Springs Gulfport Biloxi Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Moss Point Jackson Waveland Moss Point Long Beach Pascagoula Biloxi Pass Christian Hancock • Jackson Harrison • Jackson Harrison • Harrison • Gulf Coast Charters Gulf Coast Gator Ranch & Airboat Tours Gulf Cruisers Gulf Islands National Seashore Happy Hooker High Tide Fishing Charter • • m i ss i ss i pp i company namecitycounty • • • • • • 47 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y m i ss i ss i pp i company namecitycounty fishinghunting wildlife Biloxi Biloxi Pascagoula Long Beach Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Kiln Gulfport Moss Point Biloxi Biloxi Mississippi Charter Boat Captain’s Association Biloxi Mississippi Outdoor Specialists Long Beach Harrison • Harrison • Jackson • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Hancock Harrison Jackson Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge Gautier Jackson Mossy Island Outfitters Mr. Champ Charters Ms. Biggy Deer Island Fishing Mystic Angel Charters Old Fort Bayou Blueway Pascagoula River Audubon Center Prime Tyme Charters Right Tackle Charters Ring Dang Do Charter Scranton Nature Center Shallow Draft Bayou Cruises Shallow Draft Charters Shearwater Charters Shore Thing Fishing Charters Silver Dollar III South Coast Paddling Company South MS Charters, LLC Southeast Adventure Company Southern Belle Fishing Tours, Inc Southern Comfort Fishing Charters Southern Sports Fishing, Inc Southern Way Charters Still Water Fishing Charters Strictly Business Strictly Fishin’ Charters Syl Charters T & D Charters, Skipper Team Brodie Charters The V Fishing Charter Three Sons IV Morgan City Biloxi Ocean Springs Biloxi Ocean Springs Moss Point Biloxi Biloxi Gulfport Pascagoula Coastwide Biloxi Biloxi Bay St. Louis Biloxi Ocean Springs Gulfport Biloxi Gulfport Christian Biloxi Gulfport Long Beach Biloxi Ocean Springs Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Biloxi Leflore Harrison • Jackson • Harrison • Jackson Jackson Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Jackson Harrison Harrison • Harrison • Hancock • Harrison • Jackson Harrison • Harrison Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Jackson • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • Harrison • High Times Charters Horn Island Charters I’m Alone Charters Impulsive Charters Island Breeze Charters Jig-A-Low Charters, LLC Joka’s Wild Charters Jourdan River Blueway Least Tern Nesting Areas Mccoy’s River & Marsh Tours Mega-Bite Fishing Charter Miss Hospitality Charter Boat 48 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y company namecitycounty Whipasnapa Charters Wolf River Canoe & Kayak Galveston Galveston Galveston A Fishing Fantasy Guide Service & Outfitters Aransas Pass AAA Adventures Fulton Aaron’s Guide Service Corpus Christi Ace in the Hold Guide Service Corpus Christi Adams Sportfishing Charters Freeport Airboat Adventures Rockport All American Fishing Charters Galveston All-Star Fishing Service Corpus Christi Al’s Guide Service Wadsworth Ambush Charters Port Aransas American Diving South Padre Island Andy’s Guide Service South Padre Island Angell Fishing Guide Service Corpus Christi Anglers Choice Guide Service Port Isabel Angling Adventures Galveston Applebe Guide Service Galveston Aqua Safari Charters Galveston AQUA SAFARI CHARTERS Galveston Aransas Bay Birding Charters Lamar Aransas Bay Fishing Charters Rockport Arroyo River Wildlife Boat Tours South Padre Island Artist Boat Kayak Adventures Galveston Austin’s Fishing Service Port Isabel B&B Outfitters Aransas Pass Back Bay Adventures Corpus Christi Back Bay Guide Service Port O’Connor Backlash Fishing Charters Corpus Christi Backwater Safari Guide Service Rockport Barnard’s Guide Serivce Rockport Barnhart Ranch and Nature Retreat Berclair Bay Adventures Sportfishing Galveston Bay Drifters Arroyo City Bay Flats Lodge Seadrift Bay Flats Waterfowl & Fishing Guide Service Port O’Connor Bay King South Padre Island Bay Prairie Outfitters and Lodge Midfield Bay Rat Guide Service Port O’Connor Baylor Outdoor Adventures Matagorda Baywatch Dolphin Tours Galveston Harrison Harrison • • • Galveston • Galveston • Galveston • Nueces • Aransas • Nueces • Nueces • Brazoria • Aransas Galveston • Nueces • Matagorda • Nueces • Willacy Willacy • Nueces • Cameron • Galveston • Galveston • Galveston • Galveston • Aransas Aransas • Willacy Galveston Cameron • Nueces Nueces • Calhoun • Nueces • Aransas • Aransas • Nueces Galveston • Cameron • Calhoun Calhoun • Willacy • Matagorda Calhoun • Matagorda • Galveston te x as 3G Fishing Charters 4 “Reel” Fishing Charters 61st St. Fishing Pier D’Iberville Long Beach fishinghunting wildlife • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y te x as company namecitycounty fishinghunting wildlife Galveston • Nueces • Matagorda • Galveston Nueces • Nueces • Willacy • Willacy • Willacy • Willacy Aransas • Aransas • Nueces • Beach & Bay Charters Beacon Charter Service Big Papa’s Bay Fishing Big Reef Nature Park Bill Busters Fishing Blue Heron Adventures Bobs Bay Fishing Bode’s Bay Fishing & Beyond Born to Fish, Forced to Work Charters Breakaway Cruises Brian Holden - Redfish Lodge, Inc Brooks Guide Service Brush Country Charters Galveston Port Aransas Palacios Galveston Port Aransas Corpus Christi South Padre Island South Padre Island South Padre Island South Padre Island Rockport Rockport Corpus Christi Bryan Ray’s South Padre Island Fishing Adventure South Padre Island Willacy C K & R Rockport Charters C&T Bay Charters Capt. Brad Smythe Capt. Casey Barrera Capt. Curtis Bartek Capt. Gary D. Croker Capt. Glen Anderson Capt. Hal Newsom’s Airboat Tours Capt. Hollis Forresters’s Guide Service Capt. Ken’s Guide Service Capt. Kevin Ward Capt. Leaf’s Offshore & Bay Charters Capt. Terry`s Rip Tide Charters Captain Bill Cannan Captain Bills Bay Charters Captain Black’s Outdoor Adventures Captain Charlie Cates Captain Charlie Paradoski Captain Chuck’s Fishing Captain Dan the Flounder Man Captain Gordon’s Angler Captain Hal Newsom’s Airboat Tours Rockport Port Aransas Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Galveston Brazoria Wadsworth Corpus Christi Galveston Port O’Connor Port O’Connor South Padre Island Riviera Matagorda Matagorda Corpus Christi Aransas Pass Ingleside Galveston Aransas • Nueces • Nueces • Nueces • Nueces • Nueces • Nueces Galveston Matagorda • Matagorda • Nueces • Galveston • Calhoun • Calhoun • Willacy • Nueces • Matagorda • Matagorda • Nueces • Nueces • San Patricio • Galveston Captain Jay Huitt’s Saltwater Fishing Guide Service Bay City Matagorda Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain South Padre Island Fulton Matagorda Galveston Corpus Christi Corpus Christi South Padre Island Willacy • Aransas • Matagorda • Galveston Nueces • Nueces • Willacy • 50 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M Jeff Hartung Joe’s Flounder Ventures Kyle Tomek Leaf’s Offshore & Bay Charters Len’s Fishing Lens Fishing Guide Service Murphy’s Deep Sea Fishing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y fishinghunting wildlife Corpus Christi South Padre Island Port O’Connor Arroyo City Corpus Christi Nueces Willacy Calhoun Cameron Nueces • • • • • Captain Steve Holtzclaw Fishing Guide Service Corpus Christi Nueces Captain Thiggy’s Guide Service Captain TJ Guide Service Palacios Bay City Matagorda Matagorda • • • Casa de Cuentos Outfitters Castin’ Coach Casting Call Charters Causeway Bait and Tackle Central Flyway Outfitters, Inc. Chasin Tails Guide Service Chuck’s Guide Service Circle H Outfitters CK&R Rockport Charters Coastal Adventures Guide Service Coastal Bend Guides Association Coastal Legends Guide Service Coastal Rod Bender Coastal Studies Lab Coastal Waterfowl Coastal Wild Wings Coastal Wings Colburn’s Sabine Connection Colley’s Fins to Feathers Colonel Paddlewheel Boat Crystal Flats Guide Service Custom Sport Fishing Cut Bait Charters D&S Charters Dances With Fish David Pena Doctor’s Orders Charter Guide Service DoDaBlu Charters Dolphin and Nature Research Center Dolphin Docks Don Wood’s Guide Service Don’s Diving Service El Canelo Charters El Pescador Guide Service Family Fun Fishing Adventure Fill-A-Bite Fin and Fowl Guide Service Rockport Galveston Corpus Christi Port Arthur Winnie Corpus Christi Port Arthur Galveston Corpus Christi Sargent Aransas Pass Rockport Corpus Christi South Padre Island Seadrift Blessing Bay City Port Arthur South Padre Island Galveston Port Isabel Port Isabel Corpus Christi Port Arthur Rockport Corpus Christi Fulton Galveston Port Isabel Port Isabel Matagorda Palacios Rockport Corpus Christi Port Isabel Rockport Houston Aransas Galveston • Nueces • Jefferson • Chambers Nueces • Jefferson • Galveston • Nueces • Matagorda • Nueces • Aransas • Nueces • Willacy Calhoun Matagorda Matagorda Jefferson • Willacy Galveston Cameron • Cameron • Nueces • Jefferson • Aransas • Nueces • Aransas Galveston • Cameron Cameron • Matagorda • Matagorda Aransas • Nueces • Cameron • Aransas • Chambers Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain Noe Garza Guide Service Randy’s Charters RJ Shelly LLC Ron Thomas Sally’s Reel Fun Charters te x as company namecitycounty •wildlife • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 51 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y te x as company namecitycounty fishinghunting wildlife Fish N Divers Fish On Guide Service Fish Tales Guide Service Fish’Aholics Charters Fishin Addiction Fishing Galveston TX FishNTexas Flying Feathers, Inc Four Alarm Guide Service Friebele Outdoors Galveston Adventures Guide Service Galveston Corpus Christi Port Aransas Galveston Galveston Galveston Rockport Winnie Rockport Corpus Christi Galveston Galveston Nueces Nueces Galveston Galveston Galveston Aransas Chambers Aransas Nueces Galveston • • • • • • • Galveston Bay Fishing Adventures by Tom Brown Galveston Galveston • Galveston Fishing Adventures Galveston Fishing Charter Galveston Fishing Guides Galveston Fishing Pier Galveston Harbor Tours Galveston Island Duck Tours Galveston Party Boats Galveston Saltwater Charters Galveston Shark Fishing Gamewell Fishing Guide Gardner’s Guide Service George Rose Get Hooked Charters Goin Coastal Kayak Charters Gold Spoon Charters, Inc. Gold Tip Guide Service Golden Hook Guide Service Gone Fishin’ Guide Green Hornet Guide Service Half Breed Guide Service Happytide Charters Hart’s Fishing Guide Have Boat Will Travel Guide Service Herzog Guide Service Hook Down Charters Hook Line and Sinker Charters Hooked Up Guide Service Hook-em Guide Services Hough’s Guide Service HuntNTexas Irresistable Charters Isabella Charters Isla Tours Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston Corpus Christi Matagorda Rockport Galveston Corpus Christi Rockport Matagorda Port Arthur Rockport Rockport Matagorda Port Isabel Corpus Christi Port Arthur Rockport Port Mansfield Rockport Aransas Pass Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Rockport Port Aransas South Padre Island South Padre Island Galveston • Galveston • Galveston • Galveston • Galveston Galveston Galveston • Galveston • Galveston • Nueces • Matagorda • Aransas • Galveston • Nueces Aransas • Matagorda • Jefferson • Aransas • Aransas • Matagorda • Cameron • Nueces • Jefferson • Aransas • Willacy • Aransas • Nueces • Nueces • Nueces • Aransas Nueces • Willacy • Willacy • 52 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M • • • • • • • • • • • • • w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y fishinghunting wildlife Island Native Surf House Island Outfitters J Hearne Performance Guide Service Jack Nelson’s Guide Service JB Hunting Ranch JCG Outfitters Jeff Parker Images Joel Pruitt - Redfish Lodge, Inc Johans’s Fishing Guide Service John Frankson Fishing Charter Service John’s Guide Service Just 1 More Outfitter Just Add Water Guide Service Just One More Guide Service Kapt. Keepers Charters Kayak Tours and Rental Keeler Bay Fishing Keeler Guide Service King Ranch Kingfisher Guide Service Kiskadee Charters and Breakaway Tours Koohootz Dolphin and Lighthouse Tours Krejci Guide Service Laguna Atascosa Wildlife Refuge Laguna Madre Nature Trail Laguna Madre Sight Casters Leeward Adventures Lil Spoon Guide Service Lloyd Lassiter Ent., LLC Lone Star Guide Service Lost Anchor Lower Laguna Madre Guide Service Mack’s Guide Service Mansfield Charters Matagorda Bay Fishing and Hunting Matagorda County Birding Nature Center South Padre Island South Padre Island Rockport Corpus Christi Bay City Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Rockport Rockport Port O’Connor Rockport Port Aransas Port Aransas Rockport Galveston South Padre Island Aransas Pass Corpus Christi Kingsville Matagorda Port Isabel Port Aransas Matagorda Los Fresnos South Padre Island Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Port Mansfield Corpus Christi Matagorda Palacios South Padre Island Rockport Port Mansfield Bay City Bay City Willacy • Willacy • Aransas • Nueces • Matagorda Nueces • Nueces Aransas • Aransas • Calhoun • Aransas • Nueces • Nueces • Aransas • Galveston • Willacy Nueces • Nueces • Kleberg Matagorda • Cameron • Nueces Matagorda • Cameron Willacy Nueces • Nueces • Willacy • Nueces • Matagorda • Matagorda • Willacy • Aransas • Willacy • Matagorda • Matagorda Mike O’Dell -A Fishing Fantasy Guide Service & Outfitters Aransas Pass Nueces Miller Time Guide Service Nauticharters Fishing North Padre Boating Adventures Oak Island Hunting Lodge Offshore Adventures On the Hook Charters Osprey Deep Sea Fishing Osprey Fishing Trips Port O’Connor Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Oak Island Port Aransas South Padre Island South Padre Island Port Mansfield Calhoun Nueces Nueces Chambers Nueces Willacy Willacy Willacy • te x as company namecitycounty • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 53 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y te x as company namecitycounty Out to Sea Adventures P2 Outfitters Palacios Guide Service Pat Hunt’s Fishing Guide Service Pearl Guide Service Pirates of the Bay Port A Bay Charters Redfish Bay Safaris Redfish Charters Redfish Lodge Redfish Raymond Reel Fiddler Charter Reel Life Adventures Reel McCoy Guide Service Reel ‘N’ With Ron Guide Service Reel Satisfaction Charters Reel Tails Guide Service Reel Threel Fishing Charters Reel Time Guide Service Riddle’s Guide Service Rip-A-Lip Inc. Rive’s Fishing and Towing Corpus Christi Rockport Palacios Aransas Pass Corpus Christi Rockport Port Aransas Aransas Pass Rockport Rockport Matagorda Aransas Pass Bay City Corpus Christi Rockport Angleton Arroyo City Galveston Port Arthur Matagorda Corpus Christi Aransas Pass Rockport Birding and Kayaking Adventures Fulton Rockport Guides and Charter Rockport Rockport Outdoor Adventures Rockport Rockport Redrunner Rockport Rod Bending Charters Galveston ROD BENDING CHARTERS Galveston Ron’s Guide Service Rockport Run-N-Gun Adventures Matagorda Rusted Hook Guide Service Port O’Connor Ryan Waggoner’s Guide Service Rockport Sabine Lake Charter Port Arthur Sabine Lake Guide Service Port Arthur Sabine Outdoors Fishing Charters Port Arthur Sail Port A Port Aransas Salt Life Guide Service Corpus Christi Saltgrass Charters Bay City Salty Aggie Guide Service Corpus Christi Sea Life Safari South Padre Island Sea Ranch Charter Fishing Guides South Padre Island Sea Ranch Marina South Padre Island Sea Turtle, Inc South Padre Island Seidel Guide Service Aransas Pass Sexton’s Guide Service Palacios Silver King Adventures Galveston 54 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M fishinghunting wildlife Nueces • Aransas • Matagorda • Nueces • Nueces • Aransas • Nueces • Nueces • Aransas • Aransas • Matagorda • Nueces • Matagorda • Nueces • Aransas • Brazoria • Cameron • Galveston • Jefferson • Matagorda • Nueces • Nueces • Aransas Aransas • Aransas • Aransas • Galveston • Galveston • Aransas • Matagorda Calhoun • Aransas • Jefferson • Jefferson • Jefferson • Nueces • Nueces • Matagorda • Nueces • Willacy Willacy • Willacy • Willacy Nueces • Matagorda • Galveston • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • w i l d l i f e T our i sm a n d the g u l f coast eco n om y Singleterry Guide Service Skinny Water Adventures Slick’s Guide Service • • • • • • • Smith Guide Service South Bay Bait and Charters South Padre Fly Fishing Corpus Christi Port Mansfield Rockport Aransas Pass Fulton Aransas Pass South Padre Island South Padre Island Birding and Nature Center South Padre Island Willacy Slowride Guide Service and Kayak Rentals South Padre Island Fishing South Texas Charters Specks and Spots Guide Service SPI Guide Service Sport Fishing Texas Spots ‘n Dots Fishing Steve Brown’s Galveston Fishing Charters Sun Time Watersports Take Me South Fishing Charters Talasek’s Guide Service Taryn It Up Texas Coastal Outfitters Texas Gulf Duck Hunting Texas Saltwater Fishing The Drake Plantation The Karma The Key Hole Outdoors The Living Dream Charters The Original Dolphin Watch The Pelican Services The Producers Guide Services The Saltwater Cowboy Third Coast Charters Tiger Net Fish Guide Service TLC Guide and Towing Tommy’s Guide Service Walking on Water Guide Wave Dancer Charters Weldon Charter Service Wetland Adventures Wharf Cat White Wing Ranch Yankee Skipper Charter & Guide Service Zepeda’s Guide Service Brownsville South Padre Island Bay City South Padre Island Aransas Pass Corpus Christi Galveston Galveston Port Mansfield Bay City Port Aransas Galveston Port Aransas Palacios Winnie Corpus Christi Port Isabel Rockport South Padre Island South Padre Island Corpus Christi Port Aransas Matagorda Corpus Christi Rockport Matagorda Corpus Christi Galveston Arroyo City Lake Jackson Port Aransas Brownsville Port Aransas Galveston Nueces Willacy Aransas San Patricio Aransas Nueces Willacy fishinghunting wildlife Cameron • Willacy • Matagorda • Willacy • San Patricio • Nueces • Galveston • Galveston Willacy • Matagorda • Nueces • Galveston Nueces Matagorda • Chambers Nueces • Cameron • Aransas • Willacy Willacy • Nueces • Nueces • Matagorda • Nueces • Aransas • Matagorda • Nueces • Galveston • Cameron • Brazoria Nueces Cameron • Nueces • Galveston • te x as company namecitycounty • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 55 D AT U R E S E A R C H . C O M