publication - TU Bergakademie Freiberg

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Section 2: Biomass gasification
Characterization of Several Kinds of Coal and Biomass
for Pyrolysis and Gasification
Caterina Frau, Francesca Ferrara, Alessandro Orsini, Alberto Pettinau
Sotacarbo S.p.A., c/o Grande Miniera di Serbariu, 09013 Carbonia, Italy
18-22 May 2014 Dresden/Radebeul , GERMANY
Caterina FRAU (c.frau@sotacarbo.it)
outline
∙
∙
∙
∙
∙
Sotacarbo Research Centre
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant
aim of this work
experimental data
conclusion
Sotacarbo Research Centre: the company
Sotacarbo – Società Tecnologie Avanzate Low Carbon – S.p.A.
is a limited company established in 1987, in accordance with the Italian law
351/85, with the aims to develop new and advanced clean coal technologies.
Shareholders:
since 1989 the company has represented Italy in the international organization
IEA The Clean Coal Centre.
Sotacarbo Research Centre: location
Cagliari
Carbonia
Portovesme
Sotacarbo
Research
Centre and
Pilot Platform
Sulcis coal basin
Sardinia - Italy
Sulcis area
Sotacarbo Research Centre: facilities
Sotacarbo laboratories
processes
optimization
experimental tests for
more than 2000 hours of
experimental tests in the
Sotacarbo pilot platform
(since June 2008)
characterization of
fuels, solvents,
sorbents, catalysts
data collection
and processing
outline
√ Sotacarbo Research Centre
∙ an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant
∙
∙
∙
aim of this work
experimental data
conclusion
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : why?
clean power generation
and hydrogen production
from coal, biomass and wastes
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : flow sheet
flowsheet
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : gasifier
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : gas clean up
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : PGL
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : PGL
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : H2 production
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : improvements
Amine Regeneration unit
• Operating temperature: 30 150 C
• Operating mode: batch o continue
• Electric reboiler
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : SCR
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : sampling and analysys
two systems for a real-time O2
concentration measurement
15 syngas sampling outlets
micro gas chromatograph for syngas analysis
concentration of CO2 ,H2, O2, CO, CH4, N2, H2S, COS, C2H6, C3H8
an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant : sampling and analysys
new system for a real-time monitoring of syngas composition
CO
CO2
CH4
infrared detector
H2
thermal conductivity
O2
paramagnetic
H2S UV detector
outline
√ an overview of the Sotacarbo pilot plant
∙
∙
∙
aim of this work
experimental data
conclusion
aim of this work
COAL:
high rank coal
• bituminous, from South africa
low rank coal
•sub-bituminous, from Italy (Sulcis mine)
•lignite from Alaska (Usibelli mine) and Hungary
ALTERNATIVE FUELS:
biomass
GASIFICATION
• wood chips
Characterization in terms of behavior in terms of:
Pyrolysis performance
Gasification performance
outline
√ aim of this work
∙
∙
experimental data
conclusion
experimental data: characterization
different kinds of
coal and biomass
General
information
classification
origin
3
Density (kg/dm )
Proximate
analysis (% by
weight)
fixed carbon
moisture
volatiles
ash
Ultimate analysis
(% by weight)
total carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
sulphur
oxygen
moisture
ash
Thermal analysis
(MJ/kg)
HHV
LHV
bituminous
South Africa
0.8
sub-bitum.
Italy
0.8
lignite
Alaska
0.8
lignite
Hungary
0.9
wood
Italy
0.2
72.58
3.64
8.81
14.97
40.65
7.45
40.45
11.45
31.33
17.64
41.00
10.02
17.54
22.90
24.85
34.71
18.30
7.70
73.63
0.37
75.56
3.86
1.40
0.57
n.a.
3.64
14.97
66.49
6.18
1.41
7.02
n.a.
7.45
11.4
48.56
5.96
0.50
0.18
17.14
17.64
10.02
25.43
3.63
0.48
4.82
8.03
22.90
34.71
49.95
6.14
0.11
0.00
35.74
7.70
0.37
28.10
27.18
22.59
21.07
19.46
17.75
9.21
7.88
18.76
17.25
•PROXIMATE ANALYSIS: based on the ASTM D 5142-04 “Moisture Volatile Ash” standard;
•ULTIMATE ANALYSIS: based on ASTM D 5373-02 for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen and ASTM D 4239-05
for sulphur
•HIGHER HEATING VALUES: according to the standard ISO 1928:1995.
experimental data: TGA investigation
TG profiles of different fuels at 20 C/min.
DTG profiles of different fuels at 20 C/min.
S.African
120
-1
Derivative weight loss (%/min)
Usibelli
Hungarian
100
S.African
Weight loss (%)
80
Sulcis
60
40
-3
Usibelli
Sulcis
Hungarian
-5
-7
-9
wood chips
20
-11
wood chips
0
-13
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Temperature (°C)
1000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Temperature (°C)
Experimental TGA characterization has been carried out by using a LECO TGA-701 thermogravimeter
experimental data: gasification
Experimental
gasification
results
best
performance
Feedstock(1)(2)
Process parameters
Fuel (kg/h)
Air (kg/h)
Steam (kg/h)
Raw syngas
composition (molar
fractions, dry basis)
CO
CO2
H2
N2
CH4
H2S
COS
O2
Raw syngas properties
(dry basis)
Mass flow. (kg/h)
Vol. flow (Nm3/h)
LHV (MJ/kg)
Spec. heat (MJ/kg K)
Pressure (MPa)
Temperature (°C)
Gasification overall
performance
Max. temper. (°C)
Cold gas efficiency
Hot gas efficiency
3
Gasif. yield (Nm /kg)
2
SGR-GL (kg/m h)
S.African
Usibelli
Hungarian
Sulcis
Wood ch.
8.00
36.80
3.70
24.00
57.60
3.70
11.00
20.00
2.00
9.20
39.20
2.50
12.00
11.30
0.00
0.1807
0.0947
0.1889
0.5128
0.0151
0.0003
0.0001
0.0074
0.2368
0.0771
0.1779
0.4730
0.0173
0.0002
0.0001
0.0176
0.1957
0.0870
0.1050
0.5849
0.0163
0.0011
0.0000
0.0100
0.1583
0.0948
0.1205
0.5655
0.0236
0.0121
0.0019
0.0233
0.2207
0.0797
0.3342
0.3418
0.0119
0.0000
0.0000
0.0117
46.83
42.90
4.50
1.23
0.14
120
79.67
72.90
5.14
1.23
0.14
127
24.19
20.34
3.55
1.12
0.14
150
48.91
41.55
3.59
1.14
0.14
120
23.31
25.48
7.49
1.47
0.14
97
1034
96.93%
93.28%
5.36
113.2
993
96.13%
95.97%
3.04
339.5
900
98.97%
97.08%
1.85
155.6
950
90.60%
90.32%
4.52
130.1
730
84.33%
84.25%
2.12
169.8
outline
√ aim of this work
√ experimental data
∙
conclusion
Conclusion
Characterization of fuels by means of pyrolisys and
gasification tests has been conducted
BASED ON THE RESULTS OBTAINED SO FAR:
For a fixed-bed, updraft gasification technology at
atmospheric pressure:
Usibelli coal is the most suitable (among tested fuels);
Low reactive coals are not suitable.
OUR WORK IS STILL IN PROGRESS
Thank for your attention
www.sotacarbo.com
Sotacarbo S.p.A.
c/o Grande Miniera Serbariu – 09013 Carbonia, ITALY

publication - TU Bergakademie Freiberg

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