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Lifestyles Spanish Art
ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY Due to the temporal and geographic amplitude of the history of Spain, Spanish architecture has received many different influences and has had many different expressions. The real development came with the Romans who left behind in Hispania some of their most amazing monuments. The Muslim invasion in 711 meant a radical change during the eight centuries that followed and produced great step forwards in the culture and the architecture. Córdoba, the capital of the Umayyad dynasty and Granada, capital of the Nasrid dynasty, became cultural centers of great importance. Many Spanish architectural structures, even big parts of the cities, have been given the status of World Heritage Site given their artistic relevance. Spain is the second country with more places with the status of World Heritage Site granted by the UNESCO, the first one is Italy. LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE EMA MIC NCE During the Stone Age the most widespread megalith in the Iberian Peninsula was Cueva de Menga Antequera the dolmen. The plans of these funerary chambers used to be pseudocircles or trapezoids, formed by huge stones stuck on the ground and with others above them as a roof. The complex of Antequera contains the largest dolmen in Europe. The Cueva de Menga is 25 meters deep and four meters high and was built with 32 megaliths. Now, on the inside a well has been discovered, whose origin is unknown. ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY IBERIAN AND CELTIC ARCHITECTURE MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE Emérita Augusta - Mérida Aqueduct of Segovia The Castro culture, that arose in the north and in the center of the Peninsula and that was directly or indirectly related to the Celts, developed the characteristic constructions called castors. These are walled villages usually located on the top of hills or mountains. Castro de Baroña Galicia ROMAN AGE The Roman conquest of Hispania that began in 218 BC meant the almost complete Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula. The local population deeply adopted the Roman culture: former military camps and Iberian, Phoenician and Greek settlements were transformed into large cities, like the Emerita Augusta for example, united by a complex net of roads. The development of construction includes some monuments of comparable quality to those of the capital, Rome. Itálica Sevilla - Spain LPTURE Aqueduct of Mérida PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE PRE-ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE Visigothic Architecture The term Pre-Romanesque refers to the Christian art after Classical times and before Romanesque art. It covers different artistic displays, for they were made in different centuries and by different cultures. The Spanish territory has a large variety of PreRomanesque architecture: some of its branches, like the Asturian art, reached high levels of refinement for their time and cultural context. San Pedro de la Nave Zamora - Spain La Torre del Oro Sevilla - Spain Santa María del Naranco Asturias - Spain The Asturian Pre-Romanesque is a particular style that, combining elements from other styles such as the Visigothic style and local traditions, created and developed its own personality and characteristics and reached a high level of refinement, not only in construction but also in aesthetics. La Giralda Sevilla - Spain AL-ANDALUS ART SIC NTING La Mezquita de Córdoba Córdoba - Spain OGRAPHY LPTURE Asturian Architecture Alhambra de Granada Granada - Spain PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE In the Iberian Peninsula Allah was prayed to and Arabic was spoken during 8 centuries. A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela - Spain ROMANESQUE ART During the Romanesque period architecture was the supreme art above painting and sculpture that were subordinated to it. Paintings and sculptures were used to decorate the Romanesque constructions. EMA MIC NCE ATURE Cathedral of Burgos Burgos - Spain GOTHIC ART Gothic style appeared in the second half of the 12th century, when architects replaced the semicircular arch for the lancet arch and the barrel vault for the ribbed vault. This gave more height and length to the buildings and so it was possible to install large windows. SIC NTING The Gothic period covers four centuries and through this style Europe showed its artistic ingenuity. Two main factors helped to the development of this style: the masters’ experience and the economy. OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU Cathedral of Jaén Jaén- Spain Convent of San Lorenzo el Real El Escorial - Madrid - Spain TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE BAROQUE ART SIC Spanish cities of the Baroque period are mostly conventual. In Sevilla around 70 monasteries were built. NTING OGRAPHY Many Baroque architects were monks. Spanish cities experienced large urban transformations in their architecture. LPTURE The urban alterations end with the construction of the Main Square in the center. Plaza Mayor Salamanca - España PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RENAISSANCE ART In Spain the Renaissance period came united to the Gothic forms in the last decades of the 15th century. The style began to spread mostly due to local architects: this created a specific Spanish Renaissance style influenced by southern Italy architecture, sometimes by means of illustrated books and paintings, and by the Gothic tradition and the local idiosyncrasy. Convent of La Encarnación Madrid - Spain Plaza Mayor Salamanca - Spain ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU THE 20TH CENTURY MODERNISM TECTURE EMA Sagrada Familia Barcelona - Spain MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Casa Milà Barcelona - Spain Casa Batlló Barcelona - Spain In Spain, modernism was concentrated in Barcelona when the city extended its territory over its historical limits, creating the Eixample (urban expansion area) designed by Ildefonso Cerdá, in which the so-called Catalonian modernism would be developed. It broke away from former styles and was inspired by organic forms, as the Art Noueveau in France and the Jugendstil in Germany. The most famous architect is Antoni Gaudí, whose work in Barcelona (among the most well-known: The Sagrada Familia, Park Güell, Casa Milà and Casa Batlló) combines traditional architecture with new styles. He was the precursor of modern architecture. THE 21ST CENTURY In Spain one of the most famous architects is Santiago Calatrava. Nowadays Calatrava is considered to be one of the architects specialized in large structures. He has received many awards and acknowledgment for his work. Calatrava’s work means an authentic revolution in architecture and it’s characterized by the combination of architecture and engineering, which had been separated since the 18th century. Santiago Calatrava means a reunion with architecture’s constructive tradition, influenced by Fernando Higueras, JØrn Utzon, Antonio Gaudí and the Gothic and Roman architecture. Plaza Mayor Salamanca - España PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE The City of Arts and Sciences Valencia - Spain Tenerife’s Auditorium Tenerife - Spain ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE SPANISH CINEMA Spanish cinema is of great importance when it comes to know the historical evolution of the Spanish society. Besides, for decades the Spanish cinema has not only been an entertainment for the masses but also an important historical and artistic document. Nowadays it is the second in a global level if it’s compared with the cinema produced by the Anglo-Saxon countries, mostly in the United States. One of the main figures of the Spanish cinema is Luis Buñuel, a director whose production had a great influence in Europe (through France) and Latin America (through Mexico) and also the international sporadic successful works of directors like Segundo de Chomón, Florián Rey, Juan Antonio Bardem, Luis García Berlanga, Carlos Saura, Jesús Franco, Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi, Mario Camus, Pedro Almodóvar or Alejandro Amenábar. Other aspects have had less international repercussion. Only some figures have achieved fame, mostly for their work out of Spain, like the artistic director Gil Parrondo, winner of two Oscar Awards in Hollywood, and the director of photography Néstor Almendros (who developed his whole career out of Spain) or actors like Fernando Rey, Francisco Rabal, Fernando Fernán Gómez, Antonio Banderas, Sergi López and Javier Bardem and actresses like Sara Montiel, Ángela Molina, Victoria Abril, Carmen Maura, Maribel Verdú and, above all, Penélope Cruz. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE LUIS BUÑUEL 1929 1930 1933 1947 1949 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 – An Andalusian Dog – The Golden Age – Land Without Bread – Magnificent Casino – The Great Madcap – The Forgotten - Susana (The devil and the flesh) – The daughter of Deceit – A Woman Without Love – Ascent to Heaven – The Brute DIRECTORS 1953 1954 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1959 1959 1960 LUIS GARCÍA BERLANGA 1952 1954 1963 1977 1980 1985 1987 1993 1999 – Welcome Mr. Marshall – Boyfriend ahoy! – The Executioner – The National Shotgun – National Patrimony – The Heifer – Moors and Christians – Everyone to Jail! - París Timbuktu ALEJANDRO AMENÁBAR 1996 1997 2001 2004 2009 – Thesis (Snuff) – Open Your Eyes – The others – The Sea Inside - Agora PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE – This Strange Passion – Illusion Travels by Streetcar – Wuthering Heights - Robinson Crusoe – Rehearsal for a Crime – The River and Death – That is the Dawn – Death in the Garden - Nazarín – Fever Rises in El Pao – The Young One 1961 1962 1964 1965 1966 1969 1970 1972 - Viridiana – The Exterminating Angel – The Diary of a Chambermaid – Simon of the Desert – Beautiful during the day – The Milky Way - Tristana – The Discret Charm of the Bourgeoisie 1974 – The Phantom of Liberty 1977 – That Obscure Object of Desire PEDRO ALMODÓVAR Experimental pahse: Tim, Pepi, Luci, Bom and other Girls on the Heap and Laberinth of Passions. Phase influenced by Federico Fellini: Dark Habits and What Have I Done to Deserve This?. Phase influenced by the masters: Matador, Law of Desire, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Tie Me up! Tie Me Down! And High Heels. Autobiographical phase: All About My Mother and Return. Noir phase: Bad Education, Broken Embraces and The Skin I live in. A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU ACTORS / ACTRESSES RCHI TECTURE EMA MIC Francisco Rabal NCE ATURE SIC Sergi López Fernando Fernán Gómez Javier Bardem Antonio Banderas Sara Montiel NTING Victoria Abril OGRAPHY LPTURE Carmen Maura PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Penélope Cruz Ángela Molina A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC S Num. 1 - January 2013 panish Comic NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE THE MASK WARRIOR CAPTAIN THUNDER (1944) - This series covers more than 20 years of fights, heroic rescues and mass battles that fill the children’s dreams of several generations of comic lovers. (1956) – As the typical adventurous main character, he defended oppressed villages and punished the tyrants. He went beyond borders together with the big and strong Goliath, the intrepid Crispín and his partner the Nordic Sigrid. MORTADELO Y FILEMÓN This is a humorous comic strip series created and developed by the Spanish author Francisco Ibáñez. ZIPI Y ZAPE It’s a humorous comic strip created and developed by the Spanish author José Escobar. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE THURSDAYS It’s a satirical humor weekly magazine published in Barcelona since 1977 and the last survivor of the magazines that came out during the socalled adult comic boom in Spain. Due to its criticism to current events it has been involved in different trials and polemics. ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Tamara Rojo She took her first artistic steps in the Dance Studio of Víctor Ullate (1983-1991), completing her education with David Howard and Renatto Paroni. When she joined the Royal Ballet in 2000, Tamara Rojo, being 25 years-old, became the first Spanish dancer that danced for the most important company in the United Kingdom and one of the most prestigious companies in the world. Besides, she was the second youngest artist in ballet’s history that became first dancer after Maya Plisétskaya, who became first dancer at the age of 18 in Bolshói Theatre. She acted, as guest artist, with the La Scala Theatre Ballet of Milan, the Nice Opera Ballet, the Verona Arena, the Cuban National Ballet and the Berlin Opera Ballet and has participated in many international galas. Ever since her first professional steps, Tamara Rojo has interpreted roles with numerous nuances, from which we can highlight the neoclassical choreographies of the Dutch School and those of deep Spanish meaning and roots of Ullate, such as Volando hacia la luz (Flying towards the light) and Concierto para Tres (Concert for three), or those renewed by Derek Deane like Romeo and Juliet PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE Nacho Duato EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE "Dancer and choreographer. He is one of the most relevant figures in Spanish contemporary dance worldwide”. He received his education in the Rambert School of London and widened his studies in the Mudra School of Maurice Béjart in Brussels and in the American Dance Centre of Alvin Ailey in New York. His professional career began in 1980 in the prestigious Cullberg Ballet of Stockholm, but it was in the Nederlands Dans Theater (1981), directed by Jirí Kylián, were he began to be well-known. He created there his first choreography “Jardí tancat” (1983), with music of Maria del Mar Bonet. His ballets and choreographies are part of the most prestigious international companies’ repertoire. He was the artistic director of the Spanish National Lyrical Theatre Ballet in Madrid, today the National Dance Company (1990-2010). In 1999 he founded the National Dance Company 2 with the aim of educating and preparing dancers for their professional life. Today he directs the Mijáilovski Theatre Ballet of Saint Petersburg. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE Flamenco EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY Flamenco dance could be defined in many different ways and all of them would be valid. María Alonso, from Spain, says that “flamenco dance is fire and wings; courage and soul. It’s the legs, the arms, the hands, the feet. It’s the claking, that rhythm stuck on the floor, the grown roots of flamenco art that shake over the ground and move crying out to the sky the gypsy passion”. LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Spanish Literature PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Don Quixote of la Mancha Miguel de Cervantes Works It’s one of the most important works of Spanish and universal literature and one of the most translated ones. Don Quixote was the first work that genuinely demythologized the chivalry and courteous tradition, given the burlesque way in which he pictures it. It represents the first literature work that can be classified as modern novel and also the first polyphonic novel, that’s why it highly influenced all following European narrative. In 2002 at the Norwegian Book Club’s request a list was made with the best literary works of history. This list would be made with the votes of 100 great writers of 54 different nationalities. The works would appear in a strict alphabetical order, so that no work would prevail over another, but it was decided unanimously to make an exception with "Don Quixote" that appeared at the beginning of the list as “the best literary work ever”. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Works El Cantar del Mio Cid Anónimo The Poem of the Cid is an anonymous epic poem that relates the heroic deeds of the last years of the life of the Castilian knight Rodrigo Díaz El Campeador. It is the first extensive narrative work of the Spanish literature in romance language and it stands out for the high literary value of its style. It was written in 1200 approximately. The Poem of the Cid is the only epic poem of the Spanish literature that has been preserved almost in its whole. The first page of the original and other two pages from inside the codex have been lost, but the content of the existing gaps can be deduced from chronistic documents written in prose, especially from the Estoria de España. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU Writers TECTURE He was a Spanish poet and prose writer who was a member of the literary movement known as the Generation of ‘98. He is probably the poet of his time that is read the most today. In 1927 he was chosen as member of the Royal Spanish Academy of Language. During the 20’s and 30’s he wrote theatre with his brother Manuel, also a poet, and they premiered some works from which we can highlight La Lola se va a los puertos (Lola heads to the Harbours), in 1929, and La duquesa de Benamejí (The Duchess of Benamejí), in 1931. When the Spanish Civil War broke out he was in Madrid. EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Antonio Machado He moved later to Valencia and to Barcelona and in January 1939 he went into exile to the French town of Colliure, where he died in February. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU Writers TECTURE Federico García Lorca was a Spanish poet, dramatist and prose writer, also known for his skills in many other arts. He was a member of the so-called Generation of ’27. He is the most influential and popular poet of the 20th century Spanish literature. As dramatist, he is considered to be one of the most important figures of the 20th century Spanish theatre, together with Valle-Inclán and Buero Vallejo. EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Federico García Lorca He was executed after the military rebellion of the Spanish Civil War. The reasons of his execution are widely discussed, among the hypothesis we find: that he supported the Popular Front, that he was openly homosexual and family distancing. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU Writers TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Miguel Hernández He was a Spanish poet born in Orihuela, Alicante, in 1910. Being son of country people he worked as a goat shepherd among other trades. Guided by his friend Ramón Sijé, he took his first steps in poetry when he was twenty years-old. In 1933 he published his first book “Perito en lunas” and later his sonnets gathered in “El rayo que no cesa”, which expressed the love experience of the poet. During the Civil War he was an active member of the Republican side as his Culture Commissioner. He was put in jail and condemned to death at the end of the conflict. Before he died, sick and under arrest, he published his last work “Cancionero y romancero de ausencias”. He died in 1942. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC Mu NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Sic panish ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA p o r o m se s C Spanish composer and pianist. The life of Isaac Albéniz, during his childhood and youth above all, is one of the most fascinating novels of the history of music. He was a child prodigy and made his pianist debut with great success when he was four years-old in a recital in Barcelona. After studying piano in this city and trying, unsuccessfully, to enter the conservatory of Paris, he continued his studies in Madrid, where his family had moved to in 1869. MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Isaac Albéniz His suite for piano Iberia, his masterpiece, it’s the highest expression of his dream of creating “national music with universal tone”. Admired by musicians like Debussy, the influence that this score had on other Spanish nationalist composers, like Falla and Granados, was decisive. Only because of this composition Albéniz deserves a privileged place in Spanish music. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA p o r o m se s C He was one of the first composers who, developing an unmistakable Spanish style but also different from the clichés, made himself known successfully in all Europe and America, and by doing so he overcame the isolation and subordination to other traditions that the Spanish music suffered since the 18th century. MIC NCE ATURE He was never a prolific composer but his creations, all of them with an astonishing level of perfection, are an essential part of almost every repertoire. SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Manuel de Falla In 1914 he composed one of his most famous works: the pantomime El amor brujo (Love the Magician) and the ballet El sombrero de tres picos (The Three-Cornered Hat). PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA g e i n s r S MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Plácido Domingo He is known for his versatile voice with which he can sing as baritone and tenor. He is also conductor, producer and composer and the general director of the Washington National Opera in Washington, D.C. and of the Los Angeles Opera (California). He might be the most versatile tenor alive. His repertoire is very varied and has many different languages: he has sung in Italian, French, German, Spanish, English and Russian. On the stage he has interpreted more than ninety different roles and if we include recordings, more than a hundred and twenty. However, his main repertoire is in Italian, French and German. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA g e i n s r S Julio Iglesias is the Spanish-speaking singer with more commercial success until today. At international level he is one of the most successful singers. MIC NCE According to Sony Music he is one of the ten singers that have sold more records in music history, having sold 300 millions of his 80 albums edited in the whole world in 14 languages until today, and with more than 2.600 certified gold and platinum discs. ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Julio Iglesias It is estimated that along his career he has performed for 60 million people in the five continents and that he is the foreign singer with more sales in Brazil (17 millions) in 2001 and in France (9 millions) in 2005. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA i c u s n s ia M MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Paco de Lucía Francisco Sánchez Gomes, worldwide known as Paco de Lucía, was born on the 21st of December 1947 in Cádiz, Spain. The flamenco guitarist creates his artistic name uniting the name Paco (as his friends used to call him) with Lucía (the name of his mother). Ever since he was little, Paco de Lucía had always been connected to music, given that he was born in a family of artists. At the end of the 60’s, Paco de Lucía met “Camarón de la Isla”, and together they carried out a series of projects. Both of them are considered by the critics as the precursors of flamenco fusions with other genres such as Rock and Jazz. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY Spanish PAINting LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ He was one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting in the Baroque period and also all along its history. He is considered to be one of the greatest painters that Spain has contributed to the international art. TECTURE EMA MIC NCE The surrender of Breda Diego Velázquez SALVADOR DALÍ ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE The Maids of Honour Diego Velázquez Figure at a Window Salvador Dalí Dalí is known for his impressive and oneiric surrealist images. His pictorial skills are attributed to the influence of and his admiration for Renaissance art. He was also an expert draftsman. One of his most famous works is the "La persistencia de la memoria" (The Persistence of Memory), created in 1931. The plastic resources of Dalí also included cinema, sculpture and photography, what made him collaborate with other audiovisual artists. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE The Persistence of Memory Salvador Dalí ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU FRANCISCO DE GOYA TECTURE EMA MIC NCE The Third of May Francisco de Goya He was a Spanish painter and engraver. His work covers easel and mural painting, engraving works and drawing. In all these facets he developed a style that initiated the Romanticism period. Goyaesque art meant the beginning of contemporary painting and he is considered to be the precursor of the 20th century pictorial avant-gardes. ATURE PABLO PICASSO SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE The Comet Francisco de Goya Guernika Pablo Picasso PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE He is considered to be one of the 20th century greatest artists. He participated in the beginning of many artistic movements that spread all around the world and deeply influenced many other great artists of his time. Tirelessly prolific he painted more than two thousand works that are in museums all around Europe and the rest of the world. ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN He stood out in religious painting, for his art revealed great visual strength and deep mysticism. He was a representative artist of the Counter-Reformation. Initially influenced by Caravaggio, his style evolved and came close to that of the Italian mannerist masters. His representations are different from Velázquez realism and his compositions are characterized by a chiaroscuro modeling with acid shades. Christ on the Cross Zurbarán San Hugo en el Refectorio de los Cartujos Zurbarán ATURE BARTOLOMÉ ESTEBAN MURILLO He was a Spanish painter of the 17th century. He is one of the most important figures of Spanish Baroque painting that, even though his recognition diminished at the beginning of the 20th century, enjoys again great worldwide acknowledgment. SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE The Holy Family of the Little Bird Bartolomé Esteban Murillo PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Boy laughing looking out of a window Bartolomé Esteban Murillo ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU JOAQUÍN SOROLLA Y BASTIDA TECTURE He was a Spanish Impressionist painter and graphical artist. He was one of the most prolific Spanish painters with more than 2.200 catalogued works. EMA MIC NCE ATURE Walk on the Beach Sorolla Another Marguerite Sorolla EL GRECO SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE The Burial of the Count of Orgaz El Greco PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Nowadays he is considered to be one of the greatest artists of western civilization. This high recognition is recent and has been formed during the last hundred years changing the appreciation of his painting that people had during the two centuries and a half after his death when he was considered an eccentric painter and irrelevant for art history. P G Sp a R ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE HOTO EMA MIC n i s h A P H Y NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE J O A N He is a photographer from Barcelona that was part of the socalled photographic “new avant-garde” movement. Colom photographed the story of the Barrio del Raval (former redlight neighborhood), his characters, his culture, the life of the neighbors of the Raval in the middle 50’s. EMA MIC NCE ATURE C O L O M We can assert that his photographies go further from what we can see, they describe and explain a society in which even though its people suffer real hardship they know how to have a good time and live day after day. Joan Colom does not change reality; he only captures what happens in front of his camera. With his whole photographic career, Joan Colom has made and continues making history. His work is a graphic testimony of a decadent neighborhood that has been changing with the time. COLLECTION OF THE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE PEOPLE OF THE RAVAL A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE J O A N F O N T C U B E R T A He is an art artist, teacher, essayist, critic and promoter specialized in photography. He has received the David Octavious Hill Award of the Fotografisches Akademie GDL of Germany in 1988, Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of the Ministry for Culture in France in 1994, the National Photography Award granted by the Spanish Ministry for Culture in 1998 and the National Essay Award in 2011. EMA MIC NCE HERBARIUM ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE Imaginary herbarium made up of pseudoplants created with industrial detritus and organic components from different origins. FAUNA SPUTNIK He creates elaborated photographic tricks that challenge and provoke, forcing us to reexamine the relationship between photography and reality. Sputnik contains a whole series of unprecedented material about the almost unknown Soviet space history. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE Anticipating the effects of the digital age in which we are already submerged, the story of this imaginary bestiary, documented by a complex scientific device, confronts us, with healthy irony, with the question of the camera’s credibility and with the fiction of the photographic image that, for the critics, has become a reference for photographic fiction in the eyes of the postmodernist sensibility. A IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU RCHI TECTURE C H E M A EMA MIC He has made numerous individual exhibitions in Spain and abroad, and all his work, apart from being respected by the critics, is reaching a level of popularity unthinkable for other contemporary artists. NCE He loves black and white and his work contains images that come out from clever imaginary games in which perspectives and textures create the images. ATURE M A D O Z He is a much acknowledged Spanish photographer who received the National Photography Award in 2000. In his hands a cage can be filled with clouds, a spoon can project a fork’s shadow and two hairgrips are transformed, as if by magic, into an eye that cries. It’s the universe of Chema Madoz (Madrid, 1958), the photographer changes the reality in each image, transmitting the certainty that almost nothing it’s what it seems. SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE MARIANO BENLLIURE He was born in Grao of Valencia, in the bosom of a family with a large artistic tradition. Besides, he was an early artist and he showed his talent for sculpture since he was a child. He participated in his first contests and exhibitions before he was ten years-old. He would become one of the most famous Spanish sculptors of the 20th century and from his youth he began to develop his style about a subject in which he stands out now: tauromachy, representing in bronze different phases and figures of bullfighting. When he was thirteen years-old he participated in the Fine Arts National Exhibition in 1876 showing a group of sculptures made of wax called La cogida de un picador (The goring of a picador). ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE ALONSO CANO As sculptor his most famous works are the altarpiece of Nuestra Señora de la Oliva (Virgin of the Olive Tree) in the church of Lebrija, and the gigantic figures of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. As a maker of religious images, Cano has left us with many masterpieces, from which we can highlight his famous Inmaculada del Facistol of the cathedral of Granada, a masterpiece with only 5 dm height created in 1655 in polychrome wood that given its fineness and virtuosity was soon moved to the sacristy for better protection and to favor its contemplation. In Sevilla, Cano created another one of his most important works, the Inmaculada Concepción that is venerated in the parish church of Saint Julian. It’s an sculpture made of polychrome wood with 1,41 m height. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE ARCHI IN C CO DA ITER L U M PAI HOT P SCU TECTURE EMA MIC NCE ATURE SIC NTING OGRAPHY LPTURE EDUARDO CHILLIDA Spanish sculptor considered to be one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century. He defended public work as a way to guarantee the access to his work instead of creating works of art in series. Some of his most famous works are not only in public places but are also an inherent part to it; like the Peine del Viento (The Comb of the Wind) in San Sebastián or the huge Elogio del Horizonte (The Praise of the Horizon) in Gijón. Since he became internationally well-known in the 50’s, the work of Chillida has been represented in the main art museums and collections of Europe and the United States. His works have also been commented and analyzed by art historians and critics and by poets. His work means an inevitable legacy of reference in the contemporary artistic scene. PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE
