Gigi, Felicia, Jamie, Julian

Chemical Bonds
By: Gigi, Felicia, Jamie, and Julian
Procedure for Conductivity Meter
* We first asked the question, “ How do physical properties of ionic, covalent,
and metallic substances compare? Do these properties relate to the type of
bonds present in these substances?”
* We then created our conductivity meter. It was made with a battery, a
light bulb, alligator clips, copper, and zinc.
* We connected 2 alligator clips to each tip of the battery, then one of the
wires was connected to a mini light bulb. Then we got another clip and
connected it to the other side of the bulb. Last, we took both of the clips that
didn’t have anything on it and clipped the zinc and copper to each clip.
* After we put it together, we touched the zinc and copper together and it
made the light bulb light up.
Epsom salt
*First, we measured 5 grams of epsom salt in a cup.
*Next, we placed some of the epsom salt on a piece of black paper to be examined.
*Then, we placed each substance between metal stripes of zinc and copper to test its
conductivity.
*Next, we got a beaker and filled it with 30 mL of distilled water.
*Then, we added a spoonful of epsom salt into the water and tested its conductivity.
We also tested its solubility in water.
*We then put the remaining epsom salt in a test tube and put that over a wickless
metal alcohol burner.
*Then, we held the test tube over the flame for 2 minutes and observed what happened.
*Finally, we observed that the epsom salt didn’t melt but it turned into a powder.
Epsom salt- Properties of a
substance
*Physical appearance: Big, crystal like, and grainy
*Crystal shape: Prism
*Conductivity in solid: No
*Conductivity in water: Yes
*Melts in flame: No
*Solubility in water: Yes
*Bond type: Ionic
Sugar
*First, we measured 5 grams of sugar in a cup. *We labeled each cup based on its
contents. *Next, we examined the characteristics of sugar on a piece of black paper.
*Then, we placed Zinc and Copper on top of the sugar to test its conductivity of solid.
*Next, we got a beaker and filled it with 30 mL of distilled water. *We mixed a
spoonful of sugar into the water, and tested its conductivity in water. *We also
tested its solubility in water. *Next, we put the remaining sugar in a test tube and we
lit a Wickless metal alcohol burner. *We held the test tube over the flame for
approximately 15 seconds. *Finally, we placed the test tube with the melted sugar on
the test tube rack and we observed its changes.
GIGI DOES NOT APPROVE OF THIS IMAGE^
Sugar-Properties of a Substance
*Physical appearance: Sparkly, small, white.
*Crystal Shape: Cube Like
*Conductivity in solid: No
*Conductivity in Water: No
*Melts in flame: Yes
*Solubility in water: Yes
*Bond Type: Covalent
Iron Filings
*First, we measured 5 grams of iron fillings and placed it in a separate.
* Next, we had to label each substance on the cups.
* After, we placed the iron filings on a white piece of paper to examine its physical
appearance.
* Next we used a magnifying lens to see any patterns of the iron fillings.
* We placed the iron filings on the white piece of paper, and brought two metal strips too see
if the light bulb will light up.
*After, we placed the iron filings in water too see if it will dissolve.
*Then, we used the metal strips in the water and see if there will be any effect.
*After, we used dry iron filings and placed them in a beaker, and for two
minutes held them with a clamp on top with a bunsen burner.
*We learned that iron filings do not melt and it has a high melting
point.
Iron Filings:Properties of substances
*Physical: Grey, powdery, and small
*Crystal shape: Irregular
*Conductivity of solid: Yes
*Conductivity in water: No
*Melts in Flame: No
* Solubility in water: No
*Bond Type: Metallic
Thank thou so much for admiring and watching our
production. May God bless you and have a fair day!