gable 01 Contents - American-French Genealogical Society

Transcription

gable
01 Contents
EDITORIAL by Rev. Dennis M. Boudreau, Editor
Page t
2
COIN DE NOS ANCETRES: PIERRE BOUCHER
by J. Richard Lebel
3
THE CANADIAN PRESENCE IN NORTH PROVIDENCE, R.I.
by Rev. Dennis M. Boudreau
8
AMENDED LINES: GENEALOGY AND ADOPTED CHILDREN
by Theresa Poliquin
36
PHOTOGRAPHY: A TOOL FOR GENEALOGISTS, Part I1
by Paul Delisle
43
GENEALOGY AND FAMILY HISTORY
by Albert K. Aubin
GENEALOGIST'S PRAYER by Rev. Dennis M. Boudreau
64
VIGNETTE: LAURENT-SALOMON JUNEAU by Al Berube
65
DISP. 3-3 C. (MARRIAGE DISPENSATIONS OF CONSANGUINITY 68
AND AFFINITY) by Rev. Dennis M. Boudreau
ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP LISTING
78
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
92
DONATIONS TO THE LOISELLE FILE
93
ANCESTRAL CHARTS by Robert Mulcahy
95
Certainly, the Publication Committee of the Society
believes that what you are now holding in your hands is
perhaps the best issue of JE ME SOWIENS yet to appear
in print.
Other than a new size and format, a perfect-bound
booklet with a colored cover, a new lay-out of material,
and a wide-range of subject matter, covering both the
distant and recent past, this issue graphically displays
more thought, emotion, and research, as well as, a tremendous amount of time,,talent, and creativity on the part
of its authors. For all this, we thank them, and we hope
that future issues of our journal will far surpass this
03e.
That is why it is so vital that we encourage more of
our membership to start working on new articles for our
Winter edition. Although our Spring conference was less
successful than past conferences, we have learned that
our greatest efforts must be given to JE ME SOWIENS,
and to beginners among us in genealogy. It is our hope
that this journal is informative to you, and serves as
an introduction to the people whose dedication and willingness to help make up the bulk of our Society.
Our membership is growing, as well as our library's
acquisitions. The donations to the Loiselle File are
also coming in steadily and surely. The faster we reach
our goal, the sooner all of us will have the necessary
resources to do research with. Thanks to all who have
donated thus far.
With summer upon us, no doubt some of us will be
venturing north to the land of our ancestors, or even to
France. We hope that you will share with us the fruit
of your timely research. Once again, our thanks goes
out to all who have made this JE ME SOUVIENS such a
successful, professional publication.
Rev. Dennis M. Boudreau, Editor
PIERRE BOUCHER
P i e r r e Boucher's long l i f e was one of t o t a l devotion t o
t h e s e r v i c e of New France.
The e l d e s t of f i v e c h i l d r e n of Gaspard and Nicole
(Lemere o r Lemaire) Boucher, he a r r i v e d i n New France from
Mortagne-sur-Perche with h i s family. P i e r r e s t a t e d i n a
r e p o r t d r a f t e d i n 1695 t h a t he had come t o those shores i n
1635 at: t h e age of t h i r t e e n , b u t evidence e x i s t s t h a t he
may have a r r i v e d i n 1634.
I n any event, Gaspard Boucher and h i s b r o t h e r , Marin,
entered i n t o an agreement with Robert G i f f a r d , surgeon,
chemist, c o l o n i z e r , and founder of Beauport. The b r o t h e r s
s o l d t h e i r farms, Gaspard on 1 February 1634, t h e year
a f t e r he had bought i t , and s e t s a i l i n t h e s p r i n g with
t h e i r f a m i l i e s , and accompanied by o t h e r s e t t l e r s . Among
t h e s e were t h e master-mason Jean Guyon, master c a r p e n t e r
Zacharie C l o u t i e r , and Noel Langlois, a navigator and f u t u r e
p i l o t on t h e S t . Lawrence River. I n a l l , 43 people, including s i x complete f a m i l i e s , landed i n New France t o form
t h e foundation of a new people.
H i s family having s e t t l e d on t h e J e s u i t s ' farm a t NotreDame-des-Anges, P i e r r e Boucher a s s i s t e d t h e m i s s i o n a r i e s
from 1637 t o 1641 i n Huronia, where he shared t h e Indians'
l i f e . A t t h e same time, he learned t h e i r customs and dialects.
Upon h i s r e t u r n t o Quebec, he was taken i n t o t h e s e r v i c e
of Governor Huault de Montmagny a s a s o l d i e r , i n t e r p r e t e r ,
and an Indian agent. Taking p a r t i n a l l n e g o t i a t i o n s with
t h e Indians, P i e r r e gained valuable experience which would
s t a n d him i n good s t e a d f o r t h e r e s t of h i s l i f e . H i s
work obtained f o r him r a p i d promotion from p r i v a t e t o
s e r g e a n t , and i n 1644, h e was appointed o f f i c i a l i n t e r p r e t e r
H e played an
and c l e r k a t t h e f o r t of Trois-Rivieres.
a c t i v e r o l e i n d i s c u s s i o n s w i t h t h e Mohawk c h i e f , Kiotseueton
in 1645. His parents settled there about this time, the
beginning of his permanent residency.
In 1648 and 1649, Quebec was threatened with annihilation because Ville-Marie (Montreal) could no longer be
depended upon to prevent the Indians from attacking down
the St. Lawrence River, and the only remaining outpost was
Trois-Rivieres, whose governor, Jacques Leneuf de la
Poterie, more of a businessman than a soldier, was often
absent. The new royal governor, Louis dlAilleboust,appointed Pierre Boucher captain of the town of Trois-Rivieres,
and asked him to prepare a plan of defense, its implementation later becoming the object of an official ordinance.
He concentrated the scattered and far-flung farms, and enclosed the families in a stockade, or "enceinte", which each
settler helped to build. He also taught them to handle weapons and organized them into watches,
In 1652, Captain Boucher opposed the plan of the acting-governor, Duplessis-Kerbodot (Guillemot), to launch a
massive attack against the Iroquois, fearing a reversal.
He remained in the fort with a few men, where he learned
of the slaughter, on 19 August, of 22 settlers and soldiers,
including the governor, not far from the town. The entire
colony was now in danger.
One year later, on 23 August, six hundred Iroquois surrounded the fort, which Pierre Boucher, now acting-governor,
held with only forty or so adolescents and old men. After
a siege of nine days, the Iroquois asked for a "parler".
TO conceal the weakness of his position, Boucher met them
;lone outside the fort. What transpired has not come down
Lo us, but somehow, he persuaded the enemy chiefs to return
their French and Indian prisoners, bring gifts to Quebec,
and conclude peace with the royal governor. This was done,
and the colony was secure once again.
Pierre Boucher next received a commission as commander
of the fort, and was appointed governor on 1 October 1654.
In addition to his new responsibilities, Governor Boucher
was also churchwarden in charge of charitable activities in
the parish, and had been since 1651. Re also occasionally
performed the duties of civil and criminal judge, Through
all of these functions, he came to realize that Trois-Rivieres was not the place where he hoped to establish a
seigneury in keeping with his ideas.
In 1657, although elected King's councillor in the
council in Quebec, he asked the royal governor for permission to retire to his property, the grant of SainteMarie, a domain of 200 acres at Cap-de-la-Madeleine. He
made heavy expenditures for the construction of redoubts,
bastions, and stockades, to protect his copyholders.
On 31 Augst 1661, the new royal governor, Dubois
Davaugour, arrived in Quebec and was appalled at the deplorable state of the colony. He proposed to send a delegate
familiar with the country to the new king, Louis XIV, to
plead the colony's cause. The Jesuits and the notables
of the colony agreed on Governor Boucher, to whom Davaugour
had recently presented letters of nobility, brought with
him from France.
Pierre Boucher, Sieur de Grosbois, sailed for Paris on
22 October, with dispatches from the colony's governor, and
an important letter to the Prince de Conde, along with
letters from the Jesuits to their mother-house. He was
granted an audience with the king, during which Louis promised to help the colony and place New France under his
protection. Grosbois also convinced the Prince de Conde
and Colbert, the minister of finance, of the colony's importance to France. He left for home on 15 July 1662 with
ships, soldiers, and provisions.
The success of Pierre Boucher at the French court marks
a turning point in the history of New France. His mission
resulted in curiosity, sympathy, and increased interest in
Boucher's adopted country. It brought about the arrival of
the Marquis de Prouville de Tracy in command of the Regiment
de Carignan-Salieres, comprised of 1,000 men and officers,
and the first Intendant, Jean Talon.
On 17 November 1663, the office of royal judge was conferred upon Governor Boucher by the Conseil Souverain, a
post which he gave up the following year.
He had become the colony's dominant figure, sought after
by civilian and military leaders alike for his advice and
opinions. However, he was not satisfied. He believed that
New France, continuously at war, should be a country at
peace, and so he decided to set the example himself.
In 1667, while still governor of Trois-Rivieres, and
Seigneur of Sainte-Marie, the Sieur de Grosbois persuaded
the royal governor and the viceroy to accept his proposal
to settle in the heart of Indian country on his seigneury
of Iles PerCees, later called Boucherville.
In an extant document, the disappointment he felt when
he saw his fellow countrymen and relatives, for whom he had
risked his life and fortune, leading lives which did not
conform to the ideals he had set for himself, is evident.
He was forty-five years old and he wanted a place in the
country where honest people could live in peace. Thus
began the last, longest, and most peaceful stage of his
career. He would establish a seigneury according to his
conceptions, with settlers judiciously chosen and willing
to accept a flexible discipline, basing its foundations on
that of the seigneury of Robert Giffard.
Boucherville became the ideal seigneury in less than
fifteen years. It was described as "one of the richest
and most magnificent territories in the colony".
Aa an example of the possibility of creating a new
people by the union of French men and Indian women, Boucher
married a Huron girl, Marie Ouebadinskoue, called MarieMadeleine Chrestienne, in 1649. A widower, he next married Jeanne Crevier, from Rouen, in 1652. Fifteen children
came from this union, and in accordance with custom, his
sons took new names, many inspired by district names in
Perche. Among others, they founded the families of Boucherville, Montarville, Montbrun, Grosbois, Granpre, Labriere,
and Montizambert. The latter became English and Protestant
after the cession of 1763.
In his old age, Pierre Boucher wrote his f%emoires",
a kind of biography, and "My Last Wishes", a testament of
such originality and simplicity, that tradition has it that
the parish priests of Boucherville read it from the pulpit
on New Year's Day for several years.
Pierre Boucher, noble, soldier, interpreter, governor,
royal judge, founder and seigneur of Boucherville, died on
19 April 1717 at the age of 95 years, at least eighty-two
of which were spent serving New France and its people in
one way or another. He served for twenty years under
Louis XIII, seventy-three under Louis XIV, and two under
Louis XV. He could have known the first thirteen royal
governors, and the first seven Intendants of New France.
J. Richard Lebel /I0597 (descended from Marin Boucher,
Zacharie Cloutier 6 Noel Langlois)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DICTIONARY OF CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, Vols. 1 6 2.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966.
Douville, Raymond & Casanova, Jacques. DAILY LIFE IN EARLY
CANADA. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1967.
7
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S t . Thomas ~h*ch\
THE CANADIAN PRESENCE -IN NORTH PROVIDENCE, R.I.
When speaking of the French-Canadian immigration to
Rhode Island, one immediately thinks of the movement into
the Woonsocket and lower Blackstone Valley areas, as well
as the Pawtuxet Valley (West Warwick) area of the State.
Certainly, it is there that one continues to find the
heaviest concentration of Canadian descendants. What
brought them here, as elsewhere in New England, was of
course the growth and expansion of the textile industry,
whose mills dotted Rhode bland's cities and countryside
villages.
There were, however, other centers where the FrenchCanadian culture seeded and blossomed, which to this day,
have been unfortunately neglected. Among these areas have
been the "little Canada's" of Harrisville, Pascoag, Nasonville, Mapleville, Slatersville, and Forestdale in Northern
Rhode Island; the parishes of St-Charles-Borromeo in Providence and St-Jean-Baptiste in Warren, two of the earliest
parishes established primarily for French-Canadians in 1874
and 1877 respectively; and the strlng of mill villages which
lined the shores of the Woonasquatucket River valley, such
as Stillwater, Georgiaville, and Esmond in Smithfield;
Greystone, Centredale, Allendale and Lymansville in North
Providence; and Manton and Olneyville in Providence.
By 1895, these areas comprised nearly 11,000 CanadEans,
over one-fourth of the French population already in the
state1. From the turn of the century until the mid-19601s,
this Canadian presence in the Woonasquatucket area faroutshined the rest of its Yankee, Irish and Italian population by 7 in 10 persons. This was no less true of the
French population at the extreme western end of the town of
North Providence, still known today as Centredale.
It was strange to read recently of the Immigration and
Naturalization Department's raiding of a local mill to capture illegal Hispanic laborers, whose looms were once tended
primarily by English and French employees. It is equally
difficult to believe that such a presently predominant Italo-
American town could have been once a thriving Franco-American community, because until the mid-1950ts, only 2 people
in 10 were of another ethnic background. The major group
in the village was Franco-American. It is with this latter
group that the following pages will be concerned.
Historical Background
Among those to thus push out into the
common land and take up holdings therein were Thomas Angell, John Smith (the
Miller), Epenetus Olney, and Richard
Pray, and these men appear to have been
the pioneers in the settlement of that
portion of the Woonasquatucket valley
which afterward.becameknown as Centredale2.
One hundred and twenty-nine years after the founding
of the Town of Providence by Roger Williams and his associates, North Providence was incorporated as a separate
township, in 1765. The village of Centredale grew up
surrounding a colonial saw mill, built towards the year
1700 by Captain Richard Arnold, one of four such mills
founded in the colony, and which, by 1840, had fallen
into decay and was finally abandoned3.
In 1776, the May session of the General Assembly appointed John Jenckes and John Waterman to procure a
"suitable site and erect a (gun) powder mi1lW4, which they
did on the shore opposite Arnold's saw mill. This second
mill, which contributed to the colony's Revolutionary War
munitions, continued in operation until the afternoon of
August 28, 1779, when there was a terrific explosion, the
flash and shock of which could be seen and felt for miles
around. In fact, one of the mill's beams had been thrust
nearly three-fourth's of a mile from the site. The mill
was completely devastated, and both operators, Jacob Goff
and Laban Beverly were quite burned, dying the evening of
the following day from their injuries5. It was also for
this second mill that the present Putnam Pike (Route 44)
received the colonial name, Powder Mill Turnpike.
In 1787, Isaac Olney, who had previously bought the
powder mill property, erected a grist mill, which he continued to operate until October 27, 1797, selling it to
one of the new owners of the saw mill, William Goddard,
who had it moved across the river and connected to the mill
that he owned.
Across the river from him, Israel Arnold built a small
1 ~
spinning mill in 1812, naming it the Center ~ i 1 because
of its location, approximately four miles from Greenville,
four miles from Pawtucket, four miles from Providence, and
seven miles from Scituate. The name of the village changed
from Center Mill to Centerville, and finally, to Centredale
in 1849, when the first post office was established there,
and to distinguish it from the Centerville in the Pawtuxet
Valley.
The Center Mill which originally gave the village its
name, along with its four or five houses gave the appearance of a busy little village. The country around Centredale
soon began to feel the impetus given to it by the textile
industry, which invited other industries to locate there.
The Centre Mill
-
12
-
Arnold's m i l l was t h e f i r s t spinning m i l l i n t h e a r e a ,
and continued i n o p e r a t i o n d e s p i t e two major f i r e s i n 1850
and 1889, and a long l i s t of new p r o p r i e t o r s , w e l l i n t o t h e
e a r l y 1900's. I n 1891, new machinery was brought i n from
England, giving i t t h e capacity t o manufacture some of t h e
f i n e s t grades of worsted yarns. By 1909, t h e m i l l had increased about t h r e e times i t s o r i g i n a l s i z e , and gave
e m p l o y n t t o more than 300 people i n i t s various departments
.
The Allendale M i l l
I n 1822, another m i l l was begun j u s t south of Centredale,
a l s o on t h e North Providence shore of t h e Woonasquatucket,
by Zechariah Allen. He not only e s t a b l i s h e d t h e m i l l , but
had m i l l houses and a small church, modeled a f t e r one he
saw i n Normandy, constructed f o r h i s employees. The v i l l a g e
was named Allendale i n h i s honor. A n a t i v e of Providence,
Allen supposedly i n s t a l l e d t h e f i r s t power loom f o r t h e
making of woolen broadcloth. I n 1915, t h e Providence SunTribune reported t h a t over 200 men and women were emNo doubt, t h e bulk of which were
ployed by t h e m i l l 8 .
French-Canadians.
+
Zechariah Allen b u i l t another m i l l i n 1853 i n Georgiav i l l e , along with s e v e r a l s t o n e boarding houses, which s t i l l
e x i s t . This m i l l a t t r a c t e d many Canadian, a s w e l l a s
Portuguese immigrants to the Smithfield area9 .
As early as 1817, Chief Justice Daniel Lyman had contracted and constructed a small mill in the southwestern
part of the town which still bears his name, Lymansville.
Mill workers from Germany, Italy, as well as many FrenchCanadians from the Manton section of ovidence were among
the employees of this textile company .
16
The Lymansville Mill
Being the useful resource that it was, the Woonasquatucket gave rise to many other such textile and manufacturing companies, which continued to grow along its banks.
In 1904 and in 1906, the Greystone and Esmond mill complexes
and villages were established, attracting still more FrancoAmericans to the area, as well as immigrants from the
Lancashire and Yorkshire sections of England.
A New
---
Parish
At the crossroads of what is today Smith Street, Mineral
Spring Avenue and Woonasquatucket Avenue, there once existed
a thriving Franco-American community, whose influence was
felt more than a half of a century in the religious and civic affairs of the town.
In his book The Annals of Centredale, 1636-1909, author
Frank C. Angell, a direct descendant of Thomas Angell (one
of Providence's co-founders), a leader in local civic affairs, a land owner and philanthropist, and a founder of
the Union Free Library Association of Centredale, concludes
his book on the first three hundred years of the town's
history without mentionning the influx of immigrants into
the primarily English-populated village, known today as
the seat of government of North Providence.
This forgotten influx is merely alluded to in Angell's
chapter on the churches of the town, where he summarizes
the founding of St. Lawrence Parish as follows:
Until the summer of 1907 Centredale was
included in the parish of St. Thomas, at
Manton, about two miles distant, necessitating quite a long walk for those who
desired to attend service, and many were
unable to do so from some disability or
the infirmities of old age.
As the population increased, the adherents
of the Catholic Church increased accordingly, and eventually numbered about 400 communicants in and around centredale11
.
Until July 1, 1907, Catholics from the area were forced
to walk either the three miles north to St. Michael's Church
in Georgiaville (established in 1875) or the two miles south
to St. Thomas Church in Manton (established April 7, 1886) 12.
At the turn of the century, the bulk of the immigrant population in the valley were of Irish, Italian and French-Canadian extraction, all of whom were becoming so numerous to
t h e region t h a t they were beginning t o overshadow t h e
Yankee pioneers' descendants who had previously e s t a b l i s h e d
there.
The new p a r i s h of S t . Lawrence was comprised a t f i r s t
of some forty-plus f a m i l i e s , and met f o r i t s f i r s t Mass i n
a room of t h e Allendale M i l l complex, a l i t t l e s h o r t e r than
h a l f t h e journey t o Manton, on Sunday morning, J u l y 7, 1907.
The previous day, Bishop Matthew Harkins had incorporated
t h e p a r i s h and appointed t h e Rev. Joseph Hardy a s i t s
founding p a s t o r , along with Thomas A C h r i s t i a n and P h i l i a s
T e t r e a u l t a s i t s f i r s t l a y trustees13. By t h e time t h i s
a r t i c l e i s published t h e p a r i s h w i l l have c e l e b r a t e d i t s
s e v e n t y - f i f t h anniversary.
For t h e f i r s t f o u r months, Mass continued t o be s a i d
a t t h e m i l l s i t e , while during t h a t time, t h e p a r i s h acquired land f o r t h e new church on t h e corner of Woonasquatucket Avenue and George S t r e e t , a c t u a l l y i n Centredale.
On August 24, 1907, t h e p a r i s h corporation entered i n t o
n e g o t i a t i o n with Miss I s a b e l Smith t o purchase from h e r a
dwelling and a barn, d i r e c t l y opposite t h e church property,
which today s t i l l s e r v e s a s t h e present r e c t o r y of t h e
parish. On October 20th of t h a t y e a r , Bishop Harkins returned t o Centredale t o lead t h e ground-breaking ceremony
and t o b l e s s t h e cornerstone f o r t h e e d i f i c e . One week
l a t e r , s o d e s i r o u s were t h e p a r i s h i o n e r s t o have t h e i r
own p l a c e of worship, Mass was c e l e b r a t e d by Father Hardy
i n t h e f i n i s h e d basement of t h e s t r u c t u r e . The upper church
was f i n a l l y completed i n 1913, with a b e l l s p i r e which r o s e
107 f e e t i n t o t h e sky. The church was formally dedicated
on Monday, May 31, 1915 by Bishop Harkins, a f t e r which he
administered the sacrament of Confirmation t o 100 of t h e
p a r i s h ' s children.
From perusing t h e p a r i s h r e g i s t e r s , one could say t h a t
t h e population of t h e p a r i s h during i t s e a r l y y e a r s was predominantly French-Canadian, followed c l o s e l y by a l a r g e
I r i s h population. The I t a l i a n s were a smaller group a t t h e
time, and most of them founded t h e i r own p a r i s h j u s t a c r o s s
t h e Woonasquatucket River i n t h e town of Johnston. Our Lady
of Grace p a r i s h t7as e s t a b l i s h e d by them i n 1913 t o s e r v e
t h e i r own e t h n i c needs. S i m i l a r l y , another French p a r i s h ,
P r e s e n t a t i o n of t h e V i r g i n Mary, was founded i n 1912, t o
s e r v e t h e needs of Canadians i n t h e M a r i e v i l l e s e c t i o n of
t h e town, n e a r e r t o pawtucket14.
S t . Lawrence Church
Regarding t h e p a s t o r s and p a r i s h p r i e s t s , b o t h t h e
French and t h e I r i s h h e l d t h e r e i g n s of s p i r i t u a l government, and continue t o do s o t o t h e p r e s e n t , a s is shown
by t h e following l i s t :
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev,
Joseph Hardy
Dennis Fullam
Arthur L a f a y e t t e
Charles Roberge
Napoleon P l a s s e
James Lamb
(1907-1925)
(1925-1930)
(1930-1938)
(1938-1944)
(1944-1963)
)
(1963-
French
Irish
French
French
French
Irish
It was during F a t h e r P l a s s e p s p a s t o r a t e t h a t t h e p a r i s h
broke ground for their own school, a long-cherished dream,
which materialized in the early summer of 1954. By the
following September 1955, the Sisters of the Holy Union
began to conduct classes in the new building. The parochial school, which saw large enrollments during the 1 9 6 0 ' ~ ~
has since become St. Patrick's High School. The parish
likewise grew, and on September 6, 1967, was split to form
the new parish of Mary, Mother of Mankind, north of Mineral
Spring Avenue.
Its Franco-American
-
Parishioners
Despite the fact that North Providence today is for the
most part Italian, there was a time when the Canadian presence was strongly recognized in and about Centredale.
When speaking of that presence in the area, one immediately
thinks of the large pioneer families, which gave the parish
four of its trustees: Alexis Cardin, Eugene Jette, Phili~s
Tetreault, and Peter Laboissoniere.
One also recognizes that there were principally three
major waves of French-Canadian immigration into the Woonasquatucket Valley. The first Canadians to settle here
prior to 1900 were, as previously-mentionned, attracted by
the textile mills in Georgiaville, Centredale, Allendale,
and Lymansville. Included in this group were those who
migrated here from the towns and areas surrounding St-Pacome
and Riviere-Ouelle; Bagot, Yamaska, and Drummond counties;
the Beauce Valley; and some from other Canadian establishments
in New Bedford, Fall River and Webster, Massachusetts. This
first grouping of immigrants comprises the first of the
parishioners of St. Lawrence Parish, perhaps named a f t e r
the great northern river they knew so well. They were the
following families (or children of the following couples:
The Archambault Family
Joseph Auclair and Marguerite Charbonneau
(of Montreal, who arrived via Woonsocket, RI)
Charles Baron and Emma Lapointe
(m. 16/7/1881 - St-Charles Ch., Providence)
Charles Beaulieu and Mathilde Martel
(of Harrison, Maine)
Joseph Belanger and Marie Boucher
(m, 5/3/1878 - St-Simon, Rimouski)
Joseph Bernard and Melanie Faucher
(of St-Roch, PQ)
Jean Berube and Mathilde Laboissonniere
(m. 22/1/1867 St-Pacome, PQ)
Jean Bourget and Ehelie Boucher (also Bouchard)
(of New Bedford, Massachusetts)
Alexis Cardin and Cora Leclerc
(m. 26/10/1909 St-Nazaire, PQ)
David Charbonneau and Celina Surprenant
(of Acton-Vale, PQ)
Philippe Charette and Rosanna Belanger
(m. 8/11/1884 St-Michel, Bellechasse)
Romuald Chartier and Marie-Louise Roy
(of St. T h m s Ch., Providence, RI)
Narcisse Daragon and Elise Dupuis
Joseph Desautels and Exilda Benoit
(m. 28/12/1880 St-Michel-des-Saints, PQ)
Jean-Baptiste Desrochers and Marie Riendeau
(. 4/11/1874
St-Mathias, PQ)
Olivier Forcier and Catherine Theroux
(m. 24/2/1868 St-David, Yamaska)
Arsene Forgues and Philomene Descelles
(of Webster, Massachusetts)
Julien Forgues and Marthe Descelles
(of Webster, Massachusetts)
Thomas Fortin and Pelagie Milliard
(of St-Pacome, PQ)
William Gagne and Emilie Robidoux
(of Natick, RI via Fall River, Massachusetts)
Joseph Gagniere and Emilie Desrochers
(m. 25/10/1842
St-Frederic, Drummonville, PQ)
Louis-Zotique Galarneau and Theona Galarneau
(via Winnepeg, Manitoba)
Elzear Gauvin and Noella Mercier
( via West Mansfield, Massachusetts)
Pierre Graveline and Emelie Robidoux
(m. 4/3/1878 - St-Marcel, PQ)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Jean-Baptiste Jarbeau and Amanda Lachance
(of St-Etienne, Bolton, PQ?)
Irenee Jarbeau and Clarina Lachance
(of St-Etienne, Bolton, PQ?)
Joseph Jette and Rosalie Charbonneau
(m. 21/2/1876 - Acton-Vale, PQ)
Francois-Xavier Laboissoniere and Virginie Levesque
(m. 21/7/1874 - St-Pacome, PQ)
Jean-Baptiste Laboissoniere and Marie Levesque
(m. 6/8/1878 - St-Pacome, PQ)
Pantaleon Laboissoniere and Ernestine Laboissoniere
(m. 8/1/1883 - Riviere-Ouelle, PQ)
Gervais Labrie and Delphine Asselin
(m. 5/7/1880 Armagh, PQ)
Raymond Laferriere and Dora Besse
(of Warren, RI)
Leopold Lacerte and Elizabeth Denico
(of St-Charles Ch. , Providence, RI)
Francois Levesque and Alphonsine Laboissoniere
(m. 21/11/1871 - St-Pacome, PQ)
Joseph Levesque and Arthemise Milliard
(m. 8/1/1883 - St-Pacome, PQ)
Noel Parenteau and Marie Moreau
(of Providence, RI)
Jean-Baptiste Parenteau and Marie Valois
(of St-Remi-de-Tingwick, Pq)
Thomas Roy and Elmire Bilodeau
-
(?I
Louis Samson and Elise Godbout
(of Ste-Famille, Ile dlOrleans and Arctic, RI)
Jean-Baptiste Surprenant and Delphine Jette
(lm. 20/7/1863 Acton-Vale, PQ)
'hilias Tetreault and ?
-
'
(?)
Jean-Baptiste Theroux and Philomene Proulx
(of St-Michel-des-Saints, PQ)
G U L F
O F
ST.
LES ILES-DE-LA-MADELEINE
(MAGDELEN ISLANDS, PQ)
L A W R E N C E
Arrival of the Acadians
The second wave of Canadian immigrants, from whom the
author of this article descends, came primarily from the
Iles-de-la-Madeleine (the Magdelen Islands), situated in
the center of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the eastern extremity of Maritime Quebec. Like their mainland compatriots
in other parts of the province, the lack of jobs and land
had forced these insular people, most of whom descended
from the exiled Acadians, to once more leave their island
home in search of new lands and new work.
Between 1850 and 1930, large groups of Madeleine islanders had reestablished themselves on the mainland, along
Quebec's Cote-Nord, at Cap-de-la-Madeleine, in the Verdun
and LaSalle districts of Montreal, in the lower Beauce
Valley and in Halifax, Nova Scotia. A large population of
them had also come to the United States, settling in
Cambridge and in Fall River, Massachusetts.
Towards 1894, the Quebec government opened a new area
for settlement in the Matapedia Valley of the Gaspe Peninsula. It was there that the Islanders' lumber camp grew to
become what is known today as Lac-au-Saumon (Salmon Lake).
Two brothers and their families from Cap-aux-Meules on the
Islands were among the second group of Madelinot pioneers
who in 1896 established themselves at Lac-au-Saumon. They
were Alcide and Oneciphore Gaudet, the sons of Felix Gaudet
and Eloise Boudreau.' Life in the Matapedia Valley was quite
difficult, with many acres of trees to clear, and the majority of the people were extremely poor.15
In 1901, a year after the birth of their second daughter,
Alcide and his wife, Amanda Vigneault, left their property
and relatives and journeyed south by train to Newport,
Vermont, until they finally arrived at their new home and
were greeted by familiar faces in the Globe district of Fall
River. They established themselves on Peckham Street in the
parish of Ste-Anne. While there, Alcide went to work as a
mill carpenter in the local textile mills. Three more
children were born to the couple those next few years, two
daughters and a son.
In 1904, Joseph Benn and Company of Bradford, England
contracted with F.P. Sheldon, a Providence mill engineering
firm, to build a new mill in the Greystone area of North
Providence, adjacent to an earlier one, rebuilt in 187716.
It was in 1907 that Alcide Gaudet was commissioned to come
to Rhode Island with other relatives and friends to help in
the construction of the mill's weave shed. Those who arrived with him and his family were Elie and Isaac Boudreault,
William Vigneault (his brother-in-law), Amedee Theriault,
Vital Doyle and two Raiche brothers. This family of seven,
along with their seven boarders occupied a small wood-frame
house on Farnum Pike in Esmond.
In 1908, another son, Alfred, was born to them, who
later became the founder and owner of Club 44 on Putnam Pike,
and who also served from 1949-50 and later in the early
1970's on the North Providence town council, before the
town elected its own mayor.
That same year (1908), Alcide
and his friends were again commissioned to help in the
construction of the Esmond Mill,
which produced European-style
Jacquard blankets17 of 100%
virgin wool. These blankets
were difficult to weave, requiring great skill on the
part of those who attended
the looms.
A Blanket Label
from Esmond Mills
Towards 1910, Oneciphore Gaudet moved his family from
Lac-au-Saumon to Esmond, to be closer to his brother, Alcide.
Both of them being carpenters, after a full-day's work in
the mills, they would walk the two miles or so to Centredale
each evening, where family tradition has it, they continued
to work well into the night refinishing the floors of St.
Lawrence rectory, as well as designing and building the sacristy for the upper church.
Later that same year, the Gaudet's moved to Mineral
Spring Avenue, where two more daughters were born to them.
They lived there until 1929, when Alcide removed his family
to a new home he had finished constructing on Angel1 Avenue,
where revered by his relatives and friends as the "pioneer"
of this migration, his home became the focal point of many
"soirees" for the Acadian community in Centredale. Visitors
from the Islands and nearby Massachusetts were a frequent
occurance at their home. Wnile there, the Gaudet's adopted
another daughter, thus bringing the total number of their
children to.nine.
;.;:m
Between the years 1911 and
..
1930, other relatives and
friends from the Islands, Lacau-Saumon and Fall River joined
> : ,f
them in Centredale. From fre\.
. ': ,- ; <-!.
quent letter writing, urged by
a promise of new jobs and a
. <.'f'::-.
---- *
better life, this initialmigration of about 51 persons
from Havre-Aubert and Bassin, Cap-aux-Meules , 1 'Etang-du-Nord ,
and Havre-aux-Maisons in Canada, most of whom were already
related by blood or marriage, formed the basis of the
Madelinot colony in Centredale. The next generation which
followed saw an additional 75 descendants from this first
group, followed by nearly 95 children in the succeeding generation.
s
6.
,
#
Gaudet Street in North Providence was named for Oneciphore's family, who helped develop the plat behind the Ronci
Company, off Smith Street. The first Acadians to come to
Centredale, Alcide and Amanda Gaudet celebrated their 65th
wedding anniversary on November 20, 1959, surrounded by their
nine children and in-laws, fourteen grandchildren, and a score
of relatives from the Maritimes. Among the families who
migrated here with origins on the Magdelen Islands were the
following:
Marc Arseneault and Theophita Arseneault
(m. 9/1/1900 Amqui, PQ)
Theophita had died before coming to Centredale. Marc
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a r r i v e d w i t h h i s t h r e e c h i l d r e n of t h e f i r s t marriage,
and h i s second w i f e , Luce Richard
Maurice Arseneault, s o n of Leger of Havre-Aubert.
He worked on t h e Mount Hope Bridge p r o j e c t , l a t e r marryi n g i n New York.
A l f r e d Benoit, son of Onesime of Havre-Aubert
A f t e r working s e v e r a l y e a r s f o r t h e G r e e n v i l l e F i n i s h i n g
Company, he r e t u r n e d t o t h e I s l a n d s , and married t h e r e
twice.
The c h i l d r e n of N e c t a i r e Boudreau and Esther Cormier of
Havre-Aubert :
Evrade Boudreau and Anesie Gaudet (d/o Oneciphore)
(m. 14/10/1918 - Centredale, R I )
Alphonse Boudreau and Veneda Doucet (d/o Jean Constant)
(m. 1/10/1919
Havre-Aubert)
Veneda's n e i c e , Yvonne Doucet (d/o Cleophas) married i n
Centredale b u t r e t u r n e d t o Canada. Alphonse and Veneda' s
grandson, Dennis Boudrean was ordained a t S t . Lawrence
Church, J u l y 2 , 1977, making him t h e f i f t h p r i e s t t o descend from t h e Magdelen I s l a n d Boudreau family.
Veneda Boudreau and Alfred P e t i t p a s
(m. 24/11/1921 - Centredale, RI)
Svnuel Boudreau and Imelda Boudreault (d/o I s a a c )
(m. 23/11/1935 - Centredale, R I )
Samuel was co-owner of t h e o l d Centredale Hotel (today's
Adrien's R e s t a u r a n t ) . To t h i s day, no one k.~owswhether
o r n o t he died a c c i d e n t a l l y by f a l l i n g down t h e s t a i r s ,
o r whether someone had pushed him. He always walked w i t h
h i s hands i n h i s pockets, and due t o t h i s h a b i t , was una b l e t o break h i s f a l l .
Philomene Boudreau and Alfred L e v e i l l e e
(m. 14/7/1924 - Centredale, BI)
Alexina Boudreau and Cyrice Vigneault ( s / o Alfred)
(m. 3/8/1929 - Verdun, PQ)
N e c t a i r e Boudreau, widower and f a t h e r of t h e aforementioned,
along w i t h two o t h e r c h i l d r e n , Eva and Cyrice, l i v e d i n
Centredale f o r a time, y e t r e t u r n e d t o Havre-Aubert, where
they married and remained.
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The sons of Hermenegilde Boudreau ( N e c t a i r e ' s b r o t h e r ) and
Celine Chevrier of Havre-Aubert:
Arthur Boudreau and Marie-Louise Gaudet (d/o Oneciphore)
(m. 20/11/1911 Centredale, RI)
Paul Boudreau and Rose Gaudet (d/o Alcide)
Therese Boudreau, their neice, d/o Aristide.
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Isaac Boudreault and Marie-Louise Cormier
(m. 8/4/1907 - Fall River, Massachusetts)
Elie Boudreau and Luce Mathurin
(m. 11/11/1886 Natashquan, PQ via Fall River, MA.)
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Children of Ernest Cormier and Aglae Vigneault of Bassin:
Maurice Cornier and Eva'Lapierre (d/o Cyrille)
(m. 27/9/1892 Centredale, RI)
Aurelie Cormier and Evrade Renaud (s/o Joseph)
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Sons of Hyppolite Cyr and Melanie-Louise Boudreau of
llEtang-du-Nard;Melanie-Louise was Alcide and Oneciphore
Gaudet's step-sister by their mother's first marriage:
Elphege Cyr and Yvonne Letourneau (d/o Francois-Xavier)
William Cyr and Josephine Letourneau (d/o Francois-Xavier)
Ernest Cyr and Marie-Flore Arseneault (d/o Marc)
*Elphege and Yvonne's son, Ulric presently owns and operates
the Surf Hotel on Block Island, RI.
John Desjardins and Marie Doyle (d/o William)
(m. 26111/1902 - Fall River, Mass. via Lac-au-Saumon)
Ludger Doyle (s/o William) and Louise Boudreau (d/o Elie)
(m. 16/6/1923
Fall River, Maesachuaetts)
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Sons of Felix Gaudet and Eloise Boudreau of Cap-aux-Meules:
Oneciphore Gaudet and Elizabeth Petitpas (d/o Firmin)
(m. 7/1/1890 - Etang-du-Nord)
Theofred Gaudet and Louise Vigneau (d/o Eve)
(m. 18/1/1893 Bassin)
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Alcide Gaudet and Amanda Vigneault (d/o Alfred)
(m. 20/11/1894 - Etang-du-Nord)
Telesphore Laf r a n c e ( s / o Joseph) and Appoline Vigneault
(m. 30/5/1904
Amqui, PQ)
(d/o Alfred)
Amanda's sister, Appoline (Pauline) l i v e d i n Lac-auSaumon, u n t i l they a r r i v e d i n G e o r g i a v i l l e . Telesphore
was among t h o s e who r e f i n i s h e d t h e basement h a l l f o r S t .
Michael's Church i n G e o r g i a v i l l e . A f t e r coming t o Centred a l e , he pumped t h e organ f o r t h e Masses a t S t . Lawrence.
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Children of Alexandre P e t i t p a s and E l i s a b e t h Gaudet of
Etang-du-Nord:
Andre P e t i t p a s and Mathilde Boudreau (d/o V i t a l )
(m. 14/9/1917
Etang-du-Nord)
Alfred P e t i t p a s and Veneda Boudreau (d/o N e c t a i r e )
(m. 24/11/1921
Centredale, RI)
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Evrade Renaud (s/o Joseph of Bassin) and A u r e l i e Cormier
(m. 1/7/1929
Centredale, RIO
(d/o Ernest)
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Children of Alfred Vigneau ( - l t ) and H e n r i e t t e Huet of
Etang-du-Nord (Alfred's f i r s t marriage):
Amanda Vigneau, w i f e of Alcide Gaudet (above)
Appoline Vigneault, w i f e of Telesphore Lafrance (above)
W i l l i a m Vigneault, r e t u r n e d t o Etang-du-Nord.
Nelson Vigneault, d i e d i n Centredale, unmarried.
Children of Alfred Vigneau ( - l t ) and Louise L a p i e r r e
(Alfred's second w i f e ) : This couple a l s o migrated t o Providence.
C e s a i r e Vigneault and Belzemire D u t i l (d/o Nazaire)
(m. 2/9/1912
Centredale, RI)
Cyrice Vigneault and Alexina Boudreau. (d/o Nectiare)
(m. 3/8/1929
Verdun, PQ)
Hormidas Vigneault and Irma Lefebvre (d/o Hermas)
(m. 4/7/1933
Providence, RI)
Anesie Vigneault, d i e d i n Centredale, unmarried.
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A Final
--
Immigration
Although C e n t r e d a l e seemed a p e a c e f u l v i l l a g e i n which
t o l i v e , i t d i d s e e i t s d i s t r e s s i n g moments. Over t h e y e a r s ,
much r e l i g i o u s and e t h n i c b i g o t r y continued t o grow b-etween
C a t h o l i c s and Non-Catholics, Canadians and I r i s h , t h e l a t t e r
c o n t r o l l i n g t h e p o l i t i c a l machine of t h e township. The p a t r i a r c h a l and m a t r i a r c h a l system of running f a m i l i e s , somet h i n g taken f o r g r a n t e d among t h e French f a m i l i e s , l a s t e d
u n t i l t h e 1950's and 1 9 6 0 ' ~u~n t i l , a s i n o t h e r FrancoAmerican communities, o l d e r g e n e r a t i o n s ceded t h e i r c o n t r o l
over family a f f a i r s , b u t c e r t a i n l y n o t without a f i n a l
o p i n i o n , one way o r a n o t h e r .
The Greystone M i l l
Q u i e t l y c o n t i n u i n g t o work i n t h e A l l e n d a l e and Greys t o n e M i l l s , t h e Franco-American p o p u l a t i o n of t h e v i l l a g e
became i t s dominant working f o r c e . A s time and h i s t o r y
c r e p t forward, C e n t r e d a l e passed through World War I , t h e
Great Depression, and World War 11, v i r t u a l l y unchanged.
For a t h i r d time, a n o t h e r wave of French-Canadians,
p r i m a r i l y from Quebec and o t h e r l o c a l French p a r i s h e s moved
i n t o the area, joining the other already well-established
f a m i l i e s of t h e v i l l a g e . This new m i g r a t i o n , beginning
s h o r t l y a f t e r World War I and l a s t i n g w e l l i n t o t h e 1 9 3 0 f s ,
brought w i t h i t r e v e r b e r a t i o n s of t h e S e n t i n e l l e Movement,
which had a l r e a d y a f f e c t e d v a r i o u s Canadian communities
throughout t h e S t a t e . A l o c a l c h a p t e r of t h e movement
began i n Centredale w i t h t h e a r r i v a l of t h e s e French from
surrounding p a r i s h e s . Fearing t h e t h r e a t of excommunic a t i o n , t h e m a j o r i t y of f a m i l i e s involved met s e c r e t l y ,
keeping t h e i r p e r s o n a l f e e l i n g s about t h e m a t t e r r e l a t i v e l y among themselves. For t h e most p a r t , t h e s i t u a t i o n
was somewhat subdued.
There were, however, some p r o t e s t a t i o n s , f o r example,
p a r i s h i o n e r s would p u t s l u g s i n t o t h e Sunday c o l l e c t i o n
b a s k e t , and a t n i g h t , v i g i l a n t e groups would meet occasiona l l y , o f t e n r e s u l t i n g i n some s o r t of v i o l e n c e . During
t h o s e t u r b u l e n t y e a r s , t h e men of Centredale, would meet
i n f i e l d s j u s t o f f Mineral Spring Avenue, armed w i t h homemade c l u b s (2x4's), i n c a s e a f i g h t would break o u t between
t h e a d h e r e n t s of and t h o s e opposed t o t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t
b e l i e f s . It was n o t uncommon f o r some of t h e townsmen
t o r e t u r n home, b e a t e n and b l e e d i n g , from such occurrances.
My maternal g r a n d f a t h e r , Alcide Gaudet, i n a s t o r y r e l a t e d
t o me by my a u n t , even threw h i s nephew and c o s e s t f r i e n d ,
I s a a c Boudreault, o u t of h i s house one evening f o r adheri n g t o t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t philosophy. I s a a c l e f t , b u t r e t u r n e
t o apologize t h a t same evening. Their l i f e - l o n g f r i e n d s h i p
and family peace was a h i g h e r v a l u e worth preserving.
Among t h e f a m i l i e s comprising t h i s t h i r d wave of Cana d i a n s were t h e following couples o r t h e i r c h i l d r e n :
Omer A l a r i e and Marie-Anne M i l l e t t e
( v i a O.L. of V i c t o r i e s , Woonsocket, RI)
Emery Beausejour and Alma Racine
(of St-Michel-des-Saints,
PQ)
Arthur Bouchard and Josephine Roch
A l b e r t Brousseau and Rose R a t h i e r
(of ?)
Adolphe Brunelle and Georgiana Bourgeois
(m. 10/1/1893 S t r a t f o r d , PQ)
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Cyrille Cadieux and Philomene Sarrasin
(m. 5/11/1897 - New Bedford, ~assachusetts)
Joseph Caisse and Mathilde Pigeon
(of Fall River, Massachusetts)
Doria Chapdelaine and Hattie Sicard
(via O.L. of Lourdes, Providence, RI)
Emile Cherland and Eva Marcoux
(m. 20/9/1915 - Fortiemille, PQ)
Alfred Dandurand and Mirza Mercier
(Via Quinnebaug, Connecticut)
Lucien Demers and Grace Pellerin
Louis Descoteaux and Emelie Ouellette
(m. 17/6/1879 - Trois-Rivieres, PQ)
Nazaire Dutil and Marie-Exorine Breton
(m. 7/4/1884 - St-Neree, PQ)
Peter Ethier and Diana Bourassa
(of St. Michael's, Georgiaville, RI)
Louis Favreau and Georgianna Leveillee
Arthur Favreau and Eugenie Lupien ,
(of St. Thomas, Providence, RI)
Joseph Grenier and Exilda Beauchemin
Zoel Heon and Exilia Clemont
(m. 8/9/1902 Fall River, Massachusetts)
Napoleon Handfield and Adele Archambault
(m. 26/11/1877 St-Marc-s-Rcchelieu, PQ)
Jean-Baptiste Jobin.and Angelina Nadeau
(via Pascoag, RI)
Arcade Jolin and Caroline Roy
(of Peterboro, New Hampshire)
Napoleon Joly and Pauline Boucher
(m.25/6/1895
St-Gabriel-de-Brandon, PQ)
Louis Jutras and Valerie Frappier
Joseph Labonte and Nancy Arpin
Edmond Latour and Marie Sicard
(via St-Charles, Providence, RI)
Albert L'Etoile and Bertha Tetreault
(of Alberta, Canada)
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-
-
Francois-Xavier Letourneau and Marie Laflarmne
(m. 2 / 4 / 1 8 9 4 - St-Lazare, PQ via St-Neree, PQ)
Joseph Lizotte and Dellma Levesque
(of St-Pacome, PQ)
Wilfrid Moreau and Alma Poissant
(via Albion, RI)
Pierre Morin and Amanda Bouthillier
(m. 4 / 5 / 1 9 0 6 - O.L. of Consolation, Pawtucket, RI)
Telesphore Octeau and Victoria Beaudoin
(via Hopedale, Massachusetts)
Arthur Ouimet and Marie-Anne Dionne
Jean-Baptiste Palardy and Hilda Brodeur
(of St-Hyacinthe, PQ)
Adelard Payette and Arselie Jalbert
(of ?)
Denis Picard and Edouardina Forcier
Joseph Rathier and Nellie Robitaille
(of Giiand-Mere, PQ)
Jean-Baptiste Ricard and Zenaide Tourigny
(m. 1 9 / 7 / 1 8 8 7 - St-Gregoire-Nicolet & via Mt-Camel ,PQ)
Leon Robert and Celina Dion
(via Natick, RI)
Joseph Robidoux and Marie Plourde
(via Fall River, Massachusetts)
Joseph St-Jean and Etudienne Rheault
(via Manchester, New Hampshire)
Hubert Thibodeau and Amanda Fortin
(via Fall River, Massachusetts)
Omer Trinque and Lydia Desjarlais
(via Mapleville, RI)
Leon Varin and Anne Desjarlais
(via Mapleville, RI)
There were also Paquette's, Paquin's and Vezina's in this
last migration into the area.
Dw~ Q
A CHANGING FACE
-
From t h e l a t e 1930's t o 1950, t h e French population i n
Centredale saw more peaceful and j o y f u l moments. During
t h e days of t h e Great Depression, people o f t e n e n t e r t a i n e d
themselves a t home, musically. While wives were busy housekeeping and cooking f o r t h e i r f a m i l i e s , t h e i r husbands worked
s t e a d i l y each day. During t h i s f i f t e e n year p e r i o d , many
of t h e Centredale pioneers saw t h e i r c h i l d r e n married, as
w e l l as, t h e arrival of t h e i r grandchildren. During t h e
evenings, t h e Franco-American townsmen would gather a t e i t h e r
t h e Centredale Tavern (now Adrien's) o r Sampson's Block
(now demolished) t o exchange news and t o play a hand o r more
of p i t c h o r cribbage. Eventually, a couple of n i g h t s a
week were devoted t o t h i s , with p i t c h games going on a l l
over town. The younger generation, involved i n s p o r t s and
s o c i a l gatherings, spent t h e i r l e i s u r e hours a t l o c a l dances.
The c h i l d r e n of t h e v i l l a g e a l s o had t h e i r good times,
watching movies a t t h e o l d Community Theater, o r buying
penny candy a t M r . O1Reilly's s t o r e ; i n t h e winter months
t h e r e was always s k a t i n g on t h e small pond behind t h e former
Cranston Loan Company o r on t h e Woonasquatucket River, a s
w e l l a s , many good h i l l s a v a i l a b l e f o r s l i d i n g .
The 5C e l e c t r i c tram t o Providence had given way t o a
newer, more modem bus system, and s o t h e r e were always t h e
weekly t r i p s i n t o t h e c i t y t o go shopping. Each Memorial
Day a f t e r World War.11, t h e town c e l e b r a t e d t h e holiday
with a b i g parade, which began a t F r u i t H i l l Avenue and
Smith S t r e e t and marched down Smith through Centredale,
ending a t t h e Whitehall Building on Waterman Avenue i n
Greystone. A f t e r t h e parade, t h e townspeople would gather
a t t h e Damborough-Parkin V.F.W. Post on Angel1 Avenue
t o f i n i s h o f f t h e day's f e s t i v i t i e s .
For y e a r s , i t seemed a s though nothing would ever
change. Even t h e town's p o l i t i c a l machine was s o g r e a t ,
one had t o v o t e Democratic. C e r t a i n l y , t h e r e was a French
population, y e t t h e power was held by t h e I r i s h and Yankee
p o l i t i c i a n s . A f t e r t h e death of Edward Gallagher, Democ r a t i c P a r t y Whip on t h e town c o u n c i l , and a l s o , t h e retirement of t h e town c l e r k , M r . Sweet, a l l t h e I r i s h
handed-in their resignations, and the town seemed on the
verge of collapse. Now was the moment for the French and
Italians to come to power. Although some held town positions,
for example Mr. Louis Grenier. long-time tax collector.
For the Canadian element, that term was brief, because
during the 1950's and 1960's many of the older generation
Canadians died with each passing year, and just as many
younger generations were beginning to move away to the
suburbs. The Italian population, however, remained and
steadily grew stronger, giving its character to the town,
so that today, when one mentions North Providence, it is
almost synonymous with them.
The Canadians did well business-wise. One can easily
recall Latour's beauty salon on Smith Street, and Emery
Levesque's pharmacy at the junction of Woonasquatucket
and Smith. Neither business exists today. Mr. Levesque's
drug store had its own soda fountain, where home-made ice
cream was served to his~customers. There was also Mr.
Lanteigne's meat market, which was sold to the L'Etoile
family, who later went into the auto body repair business.
Mr. Lanteigne, a native of upper New Brunswick, was a
carpenter by trade, and is better known for the many
houses he built in and around the Centredale area. There
was also Eldee's Furniture store on Mineral Spring Avenue,
near the old town hall, of whom Laurence Berube was halfowner. Two oil companies were also run by the Canadians:
the larger belonged to the Octeau family, the smaller to
the Moreau' s
.
Centredale has also had quite a face-lifttng since the
1960's, one which makes it nearly unrecognizable to many of
its non-resident natives. A new by-pass has been constructed
to give the Smith Street rush hour traffic less congestion.
The old familiar buildings which were more or less landmarks have either been destroyed by fire, such as the old
Centredale school on December 8, 1957, and the old Centredlae Mill (owned by the Metro-Atlantic Chemical Co.) which
burned to the ground in the 1970's. Levesque's pharmacy
and Sampson's Block have been demolished. Presently, a new
multi-storied high rise for the elderly stands atop the
site of the Centredale Mill. Certainly, Centredale has
changed very much from the village many of us knew as
children.
-
33
-
P r e s e n t l y , t h e r e a r e s t i l l some Canadians l e f t , y e t
t h e i r number i s v e r y few indeed, and t h e i r descendants
a r e s c a t t e r e d a l l over t h e S t a t e , and perhaps t h e n a t i o n .
When one remembers such kind and i n t e r e s t i n g people a s
Eugene J e t t e , our p a r i s h t r u s t e e , who'd tend h i s grapev i n e s each y e a r , g i v e permission t o s l i d e down h i s h i l l
each w i n t e r , and who r e t r i e v e d my l o s t F i r s t Communion
r o s a r y from t h e bottom of a b u r n t p i l e of l e a v e s a f t e r
i t had been l o s t over a y e a r o r more; o r h i s daughter,
R i t a Varin, who would wave t o u s each time we passed
h e r Board of Canvassers o f f i c e a t t h e town h a l l ; o r t h e
s t e r n but good-humored F a t h e r P l a s s e handing o u t our
r e p o r t c a r d s w i t h a joke f o r each s t u d e n t ; t h e peg-legged,
i n d u s t r i o u s Francois Letourneau; t h e h i l a r i o u s Louise
Heon, l i f e of every g a t h e r i n g ; my sympathetic and l o v i n g
grandparents on both s i d e s of t h e family, Alcide and
Amanda Gaudet, and Alphonse and Veneda Boudreau, and t h e
many j o v i a l , fun-loving Acadian f a c e s who were our r e l a t i v e s , one c a n ' t h e l p b u t want t o w r i t e a s m a l l h i s t o r y
of t h i s c l o s e - k n i t community who c r e a t e d t h e i r own h i s t o r i c a l endeavors, minute and simple though they be. May
t h i s a r t i c l e p r e s e r v e t h e memory of t h e i r v a l i a n t e f f o r t s ,
and a l l they have given t o t h e c h a r a c t e r and f i b e r of t h i s
Rhode I s l a n d township.
Rev. Detnis M. Boudreau,
0058
FOOTNOTES
1
Aubin, A l b e r t K . , Ed. THE FRENCH I N RHODE ISLAND, A HISTORY.
Rhode I s l a n d H e r i t a g e Commission, 1981, p. 11.
2
Angell, Frank C. THE ANNALS OF CENTREDALE, 1636-1909.
C e n t r a l F a l l s , R I : E.L. Freeman & Co., 1909, pp. 6-7.
3
I b i d . , p. 20.
4
I b i d . , p. 33.
5
I b i d . , p. 36.
6
I b i d . , pp. 37-38.
7
I b i d . , pp. 64-65.
8
"Zechariah Allen Gave His Name t o a Local Village" i n
THE OBSERVER (North Providence 200th Anniversary I s s u e ) ,
A p r i l 8, 1965, p. 66.
9
Kulik, Gary. RHODE ISLAND TEXTILE MILLS, A TOUR. pp. 9-10.
Note: The a u t h o r of t h i s a r t i c l e has an u n c l e who pres e n t l y r e s i d e s i n one of t h e s t o n e m i l l houses
mentionned h e r e i n , n e a r t h e m i l l s i t e i n Georgiaville.
10
THE OBSERVER, p. 105.
.
11
Angell, Frank C. pp. 94-95.
12
Diocese of Providence. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY, 1982, p. 246.
13
GOLDEN JUBILEE BOOK of S t . Lawrence P a r i s h , 1957, p. 5.
14
Diocese of Providence, p. 247.
15
Bouvillon, Abbe A. UN GRAM) JOUR. Evolutions d'une P a r o i s s t
Canadienne: St-,Edmond-du-Lac-au-Saumon.
P a r i s , France.
16
Kulik, Gary & Bonham, J u l i a C. AN INVENTORY OF HISTORIC
ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL SITES.
U.S. Department of t h e I n t e r i o r , 1978, p. 130.
17
I b i d . , p. 225.
Other members of our s o c i e t y a l s o descend from people mentionned i n t h i s a r t i c l e , among them Charles Gaudet and Doris
(Levesque) Greer
.
AMENDED LINES: GENEALOGY
AND ADOPTED
CHILDREN
(The following is a true story, although not an isolated
case, as it bears a strong resemblance to my mother's situation. There are many adopted children, who, wanting to
trace their heritage and genealogy, could go no farther than
themselves, and there are those who have stumbled upon a
whole world they never knew existed. Either that door has
opened with warmth and acceptance or else it has closed
with rejection.
It is strange how among the families of immigrant
couples in which one spbuse has died, the youngest child
has often been placed into the care of another couple, who
later adopted them. This article is written to show that,
although an adoption has taken place, sometimes it
possible to learn one's real heritage and discover a lost
family. Sometimes, it happens sheerly by chance or God's
Providence that somewhere along the road of life, we meet
those to whom we really belong. Or do we? - The Editor)
A Suspicion Grows
Throughout the years, my three children have often
heard me tell the story of my strange adoption, and how
I later encountered my real family. They have often urged
me to write it down so that they may pass it on to their
children. It happened in this way...
My foster parents, Albert and Eva (Banville) Vermette
were of Canadian descent, and lived on the corner of South
Main and Charles Streets in Fall River, Massachusetts.
They married in Fall River on the 11th of July 1921, and
had one son, named Maurice, who died at birth. My dad
came from Ste-Flore, PQ, and was the son of Nobert and
Esther (Morest) Vermette. Mom came from Coaticook, PQ,
the daughter of Anthime and Eleanor (Gauthier) Banville.
Albert had been a loom fixer in the King Philip Mill in
Fall River.
One day I was cleaning out a closet of our home, when
I accidentally came upon a small painted black and red,
wooden chest. Being curious of the contents, I opened it
and found a baptismal certificate for a Cora Couture, which
confirmed my many suspicions. I suddenly remembered my
childhood years, as an only child, when people had been
constantly secretive whenever someone began comparing me
to my real sister, whom they knew, but whom I, at the time,
didn't know. Perhaps they thought I wasn't listening to
them as I played, but I was taking in every word. Certainly I had grown-up with the deep suspicion that I was not
the Vermette's child. I put the chest back into the closet,
realizing that I was still too young to approach the delicate subject with my foster parents. I kept growing with
the knowledge, never saying anything to anyone. What a
secret to live with!
At the age of seventeen, a close friend of mine introduced me to my "real" sister. A very dramatic meeting it
was! Tnis friend and my sister worked together, and as
it is a small world indeed, with one story leading to another, imagine to their surprise that they had this very
interesting connection.
The Meeting
-
I worked as an office clerk for the Pomfret Bakery on
Pleasant Street in the city, and as it was a one-girl office, most lunch times I spent alone. One day, my friend
called and told me that she was on her way to have lunch with
me. After hanging-up, I didn't think any more of the call,
but only of the few moments away from the office, spent
with such a good friend.
Before long, three girls came through the door. It
was nearly noon. With my friend were two other girls,
who I had never met before, and with whom she worked. Soon,
we were on our way to a small Chinese restaurant downtown
near the Durfee Theater on North Main Street. While riding to our destination, I was formally introduced to my
real sister. Needless to say, my surprise was endless,
and I was at a loss for words. It was a good thing my
sister, Loretta, did all the talking.
A f t e r a r r i v i n g a t t h e r e s t a u r a n t , o r d e r i n g our meal, I
then found o u t about my r e a l family. My f a t h e r , Paul Couture,
who was s t i l l a l i v e , had married my mother, Laura Houde,
t h e 2nd J u l y 1912 i n F a l l River. My mother had d i e d a
l i t t l e more than two months a f t e r I was born, t h e youngest
of s i x c h i l d r e n . L o r e t t a , w i t h whom I had lunch t h a t day,
l a t e r married i n 1937 Harold Coderre. I a l s o had t h r e e
b r o t h e r s : E l i z e e who married L a u r e t t a Bouffard (who pres e n t l y have t h r e e c h i l d r e n ) ; Arthur and Joseph-Romeo, who
a t t h a t time were both i n t h e army. Romeo had married a
J e a n n e t t e F o r c i e r . There was a l s o another c h i l d who had
died young. A f t e r my r e a l mother's d e a t h , my r e a l f a t h e r
had remarried a Merilda Levasseur, who b o r e him s i x more
c h i l d r e n : Therese, Benoit, Robert, Normand, Albin and P e t e r .
L i t t l e did my f r i e n d r e a l i z e t h a t s h e had opened-up f o r me
a whole new world.
The Adoption
But why was I adopted? To some, i t may seem a sad
s t o r y , b u t c e r t a i n l y , n o t f o r me. I had a very happy and
good home w i t h my f o s t e r p a r e n t s , t h e Vermette's. What I
gleaned from my s i s t e r enlightened t h e i s s u e .
F a l l River i n t h e e a r l y 1900's was s t r i c t l y a m i l l c i t y .
People working t h e r e were j u s t about making ends meet; f o r
t h e most p a r t , they were poor. My r e a l f a t h e r , Paul Couture,
was a weaver i n one of t h e m i l l s . A s t h e s t o r y l a t e r conf i r m s i t s e l f i n t h e . a d o p t i o n p a p e r s , my r e a l mother d i e d
s h o r t l y a f t e r I was born, and no one was a v a i l a b l e t o c a r e
f o r me. I was s e n t t o t h e orphanage (poor house i n s t i t u t i o n )
on Bay S t r e e t i n F a l l River.
A t about t h e same t i m e t h a t a l l t h i s was happening t o
m e , my f o s t e r p a r e n t s a l s o had a sad tragedy. Eva Vermette
had a l s o given b i r t h t o a b e a u t i f u l e l e v e n pound son a t
home. H e , however, was s t i l l b o r n . Complications had s e t - i n
and she was l a t e r removed t o a l o c a l h o s p i t a l , where s h e
almost d i e d h e r s e l f . While t h e r e , s h e l e a r n e d s h e would
never b e a b l e t o have another c h i l d . It was t h e n , t h a t they
decided t o adopt.
Going to the parish priest at Blessed Sacrament Church, it was suggested that they
adopt an illegitimate child, but they refused. Meanwhile, my foster father's mother,
Esther Vermette (nee Morest), knew about the plight of the Couture family, and
suggested to her son that perhaps he might be able to adopt this poor baby girl. This
is exactly what they decided to do.
Of course, Mr. Couture was reluctant to give away his youngest child. He wanted
the Vermette's to just "take care" of the child, but they refused, knowing that they
would become attached to her over the years, and to have to give her up would
surely disappoint and sadden them. They wanted a child all their own. Knowing
Cora would have a good home, Mr. Couture finally agreed, knowing that he would
never again have rights to his own daughter. And so, the home of the Vermette's
became my home, and they became the only parents I had ever known, until I met
Loretta.
A Postscript
Through my sister, I went on to meet my three brothers: Elizee, Romeo and Arthur.
Also, I met my father, Paul Couture and his second wife, Merilda, and their
children. I was never really able to extend my love to them however, as I had
known and loved the Vermette's as my parents. Perhaps, as they always feared that
I would change in my affection for them if I had found out earlier that I was an
adopted child. Certainly, that can never be so.
Five years after, our strange meeting, Mr Couture became ill and was taken to SteAnne's Hospital. His doctors could not understand why he continued to fight for his
life, up to the last moment. Although one of his sons who was in the army came
home, and his brothers from Farnum, Quebec came down (how I found my
ancestors), he still lingered on. My sister, Loretta called me to visit him at the
hospital, which I did. In those moments by his bedside, I told him I loved him,
though I never knew him, and that I forgave him for having given away his
daughter.
- 39 -
S h o r t l y a f t e r I had a r r i v e d back home, L o r e t t a had c a l l e d
m e again t o say t h a t my r e a l f a t h e r had passed away, a s
soon as I had l e f t h i s h o s p i t a l room. H e s t r u g g l e d and
waited f o r me.
I a t t e n d e d h i s f u n e r a l , mainly out of r e s p e c t , f e e l i n g
a b i t uneasy, a s t h e eyes of my r e l a t i v e s were upon me.
They were s t r a n g e r s t o me, and somehow w i l l always be.
Three y e a r s ago, my f o s t e r mother d i e d , l e a v i n g my
f o s t e r f a t h e r , A l b e r t Vermette, w i t h only myself t o c a r e
f o r him. H e i s 86, and has been t h e b e s t f a t h e r a person
could ever hope t o have.
When I g o t i n t e r e s t e d i n genealogy, n a t u r a l l y I had
s i x branches t o work on, i n s t e a d of only f o u r , a s most
people have. Enclosed w i t h t h i s a r t i c l e a r e two a n c e s t r a l
c h a r t s f o r my s i d e of t h e family, one belonging t o my
r e a l p a r e n t s , t h e Couture's; t h e o t h e r , belonging t o my
a d o p t i v e p a r e n t s , t h e Vermette's.
C e r t a i n l y , o t h e r s may n o t be s o lucky t o encounter
t h e i r r e a l r e l a t i v e s a s I have been. Suddenly, I found
my world opened s o much, only t o d i s c o v e r how very small
i t r e a l l y is. May t h e o t h e r adopted c h i l d r e n who read
t h e s e pages have a s much s u c c e s s i n t r a c i n g t h e i r family
l i n e a g e s . I n r e a l i t y , we a r e a l l r e l a t e d ! There a r e no
orphans !
Theresa P o l i q u i n , # 0104
PHOTOGRAPHY - A TOOL FOR GENERATIONS
PART TWO
PRESERVATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS
By
Paul P. Delisle (0039)
In my last article for this publication (J.M.S. #6 Oct 1980), I covered uses of
photography for genealogists in a general way. Since that time, I have received
numerous queries from my fellow members regarding the subject of preservation,
You, as genealogists, realize the value of those old pictures in your collections.
You are not merely concerned with the monetary value of antique photographs, but
their greater value as family heirlooms and examples of an art form from a bygone
era.
Therefore I am taking it upon myself once again to polish up my rusty
writing skills and provide you with as clear and concise a source of information on
this subject as I can provide in this limited space. As you will see, preservation is a
complex subject, full of inconsistancies and contradictions. Drawing from my own
personal experience and from volumes of material that has been written, I have
prepared the following which I hope will make the task of preservation a bit less
confusing for you.
I - PHOTGRAPHIC MATERIALS
In order to understand the techniques of preservation, one must have a
working knowledge of the materials involved. The photographic materials in use
near the end of the last century were essentially the same as the black and white
materials of today. Therefore the majority of photographs that we deal with are of
this type. I have purposely omitted the discussion of tintypes and earlier
photographic processes from this article. This will be incorporated
- 43 -
rated i n t o a future a r t i c l e .
There a r e s i x b a s i c m a t e r i a l s common t o photography: g e l a t i n , g l a s s , paper, n i t r a t e , a c e t a t e ,
and p o l y e s t e r . These a r e t h e s u b s t a n c e s from which
most photos have been made f o r almost 100 y e a r s . I t
i s t h e long term e f f e c t s on t h e s e m a t e r i a l s t h a t we
a r e concerned with.
The b a s i c s t r u c t u r e o f most photographic
m a t e r i a l s c o n s i s t s o f a s u p p o r t c o a t e d with an emuls i o n l a y e r . The emulsion i s p r i m a r i l y a suspension
o f l i g h t - s e n s i t i v e s i l v e r salts ( o r s i l v e r h a l i d e s )
i n g e l a t i n . Photograpfiic g e l a t i n i s a h i g h l y purif i e d animal p r o t e i n t h a t i s very s t a b l e a s long as
i t i s dry. However, g e l a t i n w i l l s w e l l i n water,
and i s s u s c e p t a b l e t o m o i s t u r e damage throughout i t s
l i f e . It w i l l w i t h s t a n d dry h e a t f a i r l y w e l l , b u t a
c o m ~ i n a t i o no f h e a t and moisture g r a d u a l l y c a u s e s
g e l a t i n t o become s t i c k y and s o l u b l e . S t r o n g a c i d s
and a c i d i c g a s s e s i n t h e a i r o r formed by t h e d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f t h e s u p p o r t base w i l l a l s o a t t a c k t h e
g e l a t i n . Since i t i s o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l , g e l a t i n promotes t n e growth o f fungus under c o n d i t i o n s o f high
Under proper s t o r a g e c o n d i t i o n s ,
r e l a t i v e humidity.
g e l a t i n is s t a b l e enough t o last as long as a c e t a t e
f i l m base.
Glass i s an i n e r t t r a n s p a r e n t m a t e r i a l , and as
such it i s an i d e a l s u p p o r t f o r emulsions. However,
it i s heavy, bulky, and very f r a g i l e ; and t h u s i m p r a c t i c a l f o r g e n e r a l photography.
Glass p l a t e s
were widely used i n t h e e a r l i e r days o f photography,
and a r e s t i l l being manufactured f o r c e r t a i n c r i t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s . I f you have g l a s s p l a t e s i n your
c o l l e c t i o n , you should s t o r e them very c a r e f u l l y and
have them c l e a n e d and d u p l i c a t e d a s soon as p o s s i b l e .
The p u r i t y o f paper has always been a major
concern i n photography. E a r l y paper bases were made
from l i n e n and c o t t o n r a g s . Modern technology h a s
made it p o s s i b l e t o u s e a p u r i f i e d wood pulp as t h e
raw m a t e r i a l . Consequently, t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e paper
used t o make p r i n t s i s n o t a n i s s u e . Any d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n t h e paper base i s l i k e l y t o have been caused
by o t h e r t h a n t h e paper i t s e l f . Most modern p r i n t s
a r e made on resin-coated (RC) p a p e r s , a f a i r l y rec e n t development. Since RC papers a r e new, r e l i a b l e
long-term d a t a a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e ; b u t based on a c c e l l e r a t e d l a b o r a t o r y t e s t s , Kodak has e s t i m a t e d t h e
l i f e o f an RC p r i n t t o be e q u a l t o a conventional
p r i n t under s i m i l a r s t o r a g e c o n d i t i o n s . Some p u r i s t s
i n s i s t on t h e use o f conventional papers when they
o r d e r a r c h i v a l processing. Given t h e e x t r a c o s t ,
and t h e d i f f i c u l t y o f f i n d i n g some conventional pap e r s , I d o n ' t s e e any advantage t o u s i n g conventional
papers. Another f a c t o r t o c o n s i d e r i s t h a t convent i o n a l papers a r e more d i f f i c u l t t o f i x and wash,
t h u s i n c r e a s i n g t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f r e s i d u a l chemical
contamination.
I n my l a s t a r t i c l e , I emphasized t h a t n i t r a t e
f i l m s posed a hazard. I w i l l do s o again. N i t r a t e
f i l m base is a n u n s t a b l e m a t e r i a l , and any considera b l e q u a n t i t y i s a v e r y r e a l f i r e hazard. C e l l u l o s e
n i t r a t e is chemically s i m i l a r t o guncotton; it is n o t
e x p l o s i v e b u t is h i g h l y flammable. Because o f t h i s ,
and t h e f a c t t h a t d e t e r i o r a t i n g n i t r a t e produces powe r f u l o x i d i z i n g a g e n t s , any n i t r a t e based n e g a t i v e s
should be s e g r e g a t e d from t h e r e s t o f your c o l l e c t i o n .
I w i l l have more t o s a y about n i t r a t e f i l m s f u r t h e r
on.
C e l l u l o s e a c e t a t e f i l m began t o g r a d u a l l y
r e p l a c e n i t r a t e i n t h e 1 9 3 0 t s , and by 1951 a l l prod u c t i o n o f n i t r a t e - b a s e d f i l m s i n t h i s country had
stopped. A c e t a t e f i l m i s very s t a b l e , and based on
d a t a from t h e U.S. Bureau o f S t a n d a r d s , we can conc l u d e t h a t I9The s t a b i l i t y o f t h e f i l m with r e s p e c t
a g i n g i s g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t o f papers ( d e s i to
gned) f o r permanent records."
...
P o l y e s t e r type m a t e r i a l s a r e c u r r e n t l y rep l a c i n g a c e t a t e i n a number o f f i l m products. Accele r a t e d a g i n g t e s t s conducted by Kodak i n t h e i r labor a t o r i e s , i n d i c a t e t h a t p o l y e s t e r base has g r e a t e r
mechanical strength, and greater resistance to extremes of temperature, than acetate
bases. This is important to note when we consider duplicating our collections onto
modern materials.
II - CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
The silver image of a black and white photograph is very vulnerable to
chemical change. These changes are chemical reactions and are accelerated by heat
and moisture. A major factor in the deterioration of photographic materials in the
presence of residual processing chemicals in the materials. Also, deterioration due
to the outside agents is always hastened by the presence of these chemicals. Unless
you process and print your own film, there is little we you can do about this, short
of paying a premium for archival processing. All reputable labs are aware of the
effects of residual chemicals and take positive steps to insure quality control.
However, I have found that small local labs that cater mostly to the professional
trade will give more care to fixing and washing than a large, mass-production
facility. These small labs will also give your prints special consideration at little or
no extra cost if you request it.
III - STORAGE CONDITIONS
Most of you are probably storing your photo collections in what might be
called an "unsuitable location." There is really no "suitable" (read ideal) location in
the average home, unless the home owner is very wealthy and can provide for true
archival storage facilities. Indeed, given the size of the average family collection, a
true archival facility would be a real waste. But with a little bit of knowledge and
care, we can avoid the most destructive locations within the home.
Without a doubt, the bank safety-deposit box is the best alternative to an
archival vault. While there is some expense involved, it is not
- 46 -
p r o h i b i t i v e . Many o f you have probably r e n t e d a
box f o r your important p a p e r s , such as i n s u r a n c e
p o l i c i e s , deeds, e t c . Your o r i g i n a l photographs
a r e j u s t a s v a l u a b l e , s o it i s common s e n s e t o
keep them i n s a f e s t o r a g e with your important papers.
Many photographic c o l l e c t i o n s a r e s t o r e d
under improper c o n d i t i o n s , and t h e e f f e c t s o f exc e s s i v e h e a t , c o l d , and moisture o f t e n go unnot i c e d u n t i l t h e damage has been done. Q u i t e o f t e n
boxes o f unused n e g a t i v e s a r e packed away i n damp
basements o r h o t a t t i c s and f o r g o t t e n . Such neg l e c t w i l l c e r t a i n l y r e s u l t i n t h e l o s s o f import a n t pictures.
The moisture c o n t e n t o f a i r must always be
c o n s i d e r e d i n i t s r e l a t i o n s h i p t o temperature. A t
any temperature t h e amount o f water i n t h e a i r ,
expressed a s a percentage o f t h e maximum t h a t t h e
a i r w i l l hold a t t h a t temperature, i s t h e r e l a t i v e
humidity (RH). A t a h i g h e r RH
60% o r more
the
moisture c o n t e n t o f a photographic m a t e r i a l reaches
t h e upper l i m i t o f s a f e t y i f p h y s i c a l damage and
fungus a t t a c k a r e t o be avoided. Damage caused by
high humidity is u s u a l l y permanent.
-
-
A i r c o n d i t i o n e r s s o l d f o r home use a r e n o t a
s o l u t i o n ; f o r while t h e y do e x t r a c t some moisture
from t h e a i r , i t i s seldom s u f f i c i e n t . Home deh u m i d i f i e r s a r e e s p e c i a l l y e f f e c t i v e i n c o o l , damp
basements, s i n c e t h e y a r e designed t o lower t h e
r e l a t i v e humidity.
The e f f e c t s o f low RH a r e n o t a s s e r i o u s unl e s s t h e c o n d i t i o n c o n t i n u e s f o r a prolonged peri o d . I f a c o n d i t i o n o f RH below 25% i s c o n s t a n t l y
maintained, f i l m and paper w i l l become b r i t t l e ,
a c e t a t e f i l m w i l l s h r i n k , and mounting boards w i l l
t e n d t o curve. These e f f e c t s a r e u s u a l l y r e v e r s i b l e i f t h e humidity is r a i s e d t o an a c c e p t a b l e
l e v e l . Temperature i s n o t a s c r i t i c a l a s humidity;
b u t a s we have s e e n , t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e
two must be considered. A high temperature can be
t o l e r a t e d f o r a c o n s i d e r a b l e time i f t h e RH remains a t l e s s t h a n 40%. T h i s does n o t apply t o
n i t r a t e - b a s e d f i l m s because t h e r a t e ofodecomposit i o n approximately doubles with each 10 F r i s e i n
temperature. Low temperature i n i t s e l f i s n o t
damaging i f t h e RH c a n be c o n t r o l l e d . Unfortunatel y t h i s cannot e a s i l y be done without s p e c i a l equipment.
-
Small amounts o f l i g h t f a l l i n g on black and
white m a t e r i a l s i n s t o r a g e a r e n o t a f a c t o r i n
d e t e r i o r a t i o n . Hovever c o n s t a n t exposure t o l i g h t
w i l l yellow g e l a t i n and t e n d t o make it b r i t t l e .
Paper a l s o yellows w i t h exposure t o l i g h t o v e r a
p e r i o d o f time. The damaging f a c t o r i n a l l l i g h t ing is t h a t portion o f l i g h t i n t h e u l t r a v i o l e t
spectrum. T h i s u l t r a v i o l e t l i g h t , which a l s o
causes you t o sunburn a t t h e beach, i s i n v i s i b l e
t o t h e human eye. A l l a r t i f i c i a l l i g h t i n g c o n t a i n s
u l t r a v i o l e t t o some e x t e n t ; where photography is
concerned, t u n g s t e n l i g h t i n g is t h e l e a s t damaging.
A i r pollution is another f a c t o r i n t h e deteri o r a t i o n o f photographic m a t e r i a l s . The problem
i s most s e r i o u s i n h e a v i l y populated and indust r i a l i z e d a r e a s , b u t t h e r e a r e d e s t r u c t i v e materi a l s i n t h e a i r i n most p a r t s o f t h e country. The
e f f e c t s o f p o l l u t e d - a i r depends on t h e concentrat i o n o f t h e p o l l u t a n t s and on t h e l e v e l s o f tempera t u r e and humidity. A brownish-yellow s t a i n around
t h e edges o f a p r i n t t h a t has been s t o r e d i n a n
album i s a s u r e s i g n o f atmospheric d e t e r i o r a t i o n .
There i s no s u r e method o f p r e v e n t i n g t h i s withouta
an expensive and complex atmospheric c o n t r o l system.
Damage by f i r e , and t h e water used t o e x t i n g u i s h f i r e , i s u s u a l l y sudden and t o t a l . Many
t i m e s , when f i r e breaks o u t , as much damage i s
done by t h e water used t o put o u t t h e f i r e as by
t h e f i r e i t s e l f . Water damage i s a n o t h e r reason
t o n o t u s e t h e basement o r a t t i c a s s t o r a g e loca-
t i o n s . Water p i p e s could l e a k o r b u r s t ; heavy r a i n
o r m e l t i n g snow could cause a leaky roof o r flooded
basement.
I d e a l l y , your photos should be s t o r e d i n a
d a r k , f i r e - p r o o f l o c a t i o n , i n which t h e r e a r e no
0
water p i p e s , a t a temperature o f about 70 F with a
r e l a t i v e humidity o f about 30 t o 50 percent. The
room and a l l drawers and c a b i n e t s should be w e l l
v e n t i l a t e d and t h e incoming a i r should be f i l t e r e d .
I d e a l c o n d i t i o n s , however, a r e n o t always easy t o
maintain, o r p r a c t i c a l ; but a knowledge o f what is
considered i d e a l w i l l h e l p you t o s e t up a good
s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n i n your home.
IV
- STORAGE MATERIALS
The l i s t o f m a t e r i a l s c o n s i d e r e d t o be damag i n g t o photographic m a t e r i a l s i s q u i t e long. I
i n c l u d e d a l i s t o f t h e most common m a t e r i a l s i n my
last a r t i c l e . For a complete l i s t i n g , I r e f e r you
t o P r e s e r v a t i o n o f Photographs, published by t h e
Eastman-Kodak C o r ~ o r a t i o n . The number o f m a t e r i a l s
t h a t can be s a f e l y used i s very l i m i t e d . Most o f
t h e s e 88safe18
m a t e r i a l s involve some element o f
r i s k . I n my last a r t i c l e , I advised you t o avoid
p l a s t i c m a t e r i a l s . Recent s t u d i e s have pointed
o u t two e x c e p t i o n s t o t h i s r u l e - pure polyethyl e n e and mylar p o l y e s t e r . Pure polyethylene witho u t s u r f a c e c o a t i n g s and mylar a r e t h e o n l y materi a l s i n t h e p l a s t i c c a t a g o r y considered a b s o l u t e l y
s a f e by most a u t h o r i t i e s on t h e s u b j e c t .
P o l y e s t e r f i l m i s one o f t h e b e s t m a t e r i a l s
f o r a r c h i v a l s t o r a g e o f photographic m a t e r i a l s ,
according t o many r e c e n t s t u d i e s ; and i s recommended by t h e L i b r a r y o f Congress P r e s e r v a t i o n and
Research o f f i c e . T h i s m a t e r i a l , which i s marketed
by t h e DuPont Corporation under t h e trademark Mylar, is considered t o be one o f t h e most s t a b l e
m a t e r i a l s o f its t y p e and a l s o t h e one l e a s t subj e c t t o v a r i a t i o n s i n manufacture. This m a t e r i a l
i s chemically s i m i l a r t o t h e base used i n modern
photographic f i l m .
P r i n t s should n o t be s t o r e d i n wooden c o n t a i n e r s ,
nor should t h e y be k e p t i n cardboard boxes, except
t h o s e made e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h i s purpose. F i r e p r o o f
c o n t a i n e r s made o f metal a r e b e s t . When purchasi n g p l a s t i c envelopes f o r s t o r i n g your p i c t u r e s and
n e g a t i v e s , you should be aware t h a t most commonly
a v a i l a b l e photo s t o r a g e systems a r e made o f polyv i n y l - c h l o r i d e (PVC). Th2se a r e f i n e f o r s h o r t term s t o r a g e but should o t h e r w i s e be avoided.
The demand f o r a r c h i v a l l y s a f e s t o r a g e m a t e r i a l s
i s growing, and as a r e s u l t , a r e becoming e a s i e r t o
o b t a i n . Some s o u r c e s a r e l i s t e d a t t h e end o f t h i s
article.
S t o r a g e systems made o f PVC do have some
practical applications f o r genealogists. Slide
s h e e t s , f o r example, a r e e s p e c i a l l y u s e f u l when
you have t o s h i p your s l i d e s by mail. They prov i d e a high degree o f p h y s i c a l p r o t e c t i o n . You
should keep i n mind t h a t any long term u s e o f t h e s e
m a t e r i a l s w i l l damage your photos o r s l i d e s .
V
- NITRATE-BASED
FILMS
A s I s t a t e d e a r l i e r , nitrate-based films
pose a s e r i o u s f i r e hazard, and t h e i r decomposit i o n could cause harm t o o t h e r photographic materi a l s s t o r e d i n t h e same c o n t a i n e r s . Therefore
t h e s e n e g a t i v e s should be s e g r e g a t e d from t h e r e s t
o f your c o l l e c t i o n and s t o r e d under t h e b e s t poss i b l e c o n d i t i o n s u n t i l they can be d u p l i c a t e d o n t o
modern f i l m , and t h e o r i g i n a l s destroyed.
Unless some d e t e r i o r a t i o n is a p p a r a n t , i t may
n o t be easy t o i d e n t i f y n i t r a t e f i l m . A s a r u l e ,
any n e g a t i v e s exposed p r i o r t o 1950 should be susp e c t . Kodak f i l m s on a c e t a t e o r p o l y e s t e r b a s e s
a r e e a s i l y i d e n t i f i e d by t h e words, "KODAK SAFETY
FILM" a l o n g one edge. Other brands o f f i l m may
n o t have any such i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . Film i n t h e
popular 35 mm s i z e was last made on n i t r a t e i n
1938. However, o t h e r s i z e s o f r o l l and s h e e t f i l m
continued t o be made on n i t r a t e base i n t h i s country
u n t i l 1951. One i n d i c a t i o n o f n i t r a t e f i l m is a
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a c i d odor, e s p e c i a l l y when t h e f i l m
has been s t o r e d i n a c l o s e d c o n t a i n e r .
While i g n i t i o n o f t h i s m a t e r i a l is n o t a s e r i o u s hazard when t h e f i l m is i n good c o n d i t i o n , it
i s n e v e r t h e l e s s common s e n s e t o choose a p r o p e r
method o f s t o r a g e . C e l l u l o s e n i t r a t e , i n a n advanced
s t a t e o f decompositionb can s e l f - i g n i t e a t s u s t a i n e d
temperatures above 100 F. If you? n e g a t i v e s a r e badl y buckled o r s t i c k y , t h e y a r e i n an advanced s t a t e
o f decomposition. These n e g a t i v e s should be duplicat e d as soon a s p o s s i b l e and t h e n destroyed. Incident a l l y , t h e average g n i n s u l a t e d a t t i c can e a s i l y reach
temperatures o f 100 F o r more on a summer day.
Small q u a n t i t i e s o f n i t r a t e f i l m i n
condit i o n can be thrown away with your household t r a s h .
Unstable o r badly d e t e r i o r a t e d n i t r a t e m a t e r i a l s ,
while n o t themselves e x p l o s i v e , p r e s e n t hazards s i m i lar t o e x p l o s i v e s and must be handled w i t h r e s p e c t .
These m a t e r i a l s , once d u p l i c a t e d , should be k e p t
under water i n a c l o s e d metal c o n t a i n e r . Contact
your l o c a l f i r e department f o r d i s p o s a l i n s t r u c t i o n s .
DO NOT burn t h e s e f i l m s i n your f u r n a c e , i n c i n e r a t o r ,
o r f i r e p l a c e . The g a s s e s produced by burning t h e s e
materials a r e highly toxic.
--VI
- PRINTS ON
DISPLAY
Although s i z e i s mainly a m a t t e r o f p e r s o n a l
p r e f e r e n c e , p r i n t s should be no l a r g e r t h a n i s necess a r y t o make an a t t r a c t i v e d i s p l a y . Large p r i n t s a r e
more e a s i l y damaged, and small o r medium s i z e d p r i n t s
mounted on uniform s i z e d boards a r e e a s i e r t o d i s p l a y
and s t o r e . I do n o t recommend t h a t you d i s p l a y o r i g i n a l p r i n t s . O r i g i n a l s a r e b e s t k e p t i n s t o r a g e , with
c o p i e s p u t on d i s p l a y .
Dry mounting t i s s u e is t h e b e s t method f o r
mounting p r i n t s . S t a r c h y p a s t e , animal g l u e , and rub-
ber cement are n o t recommended.
The popular coldmountink techniques can be used without any s p e c i a l
equipment, but t h e y a r e n o t considered t o be a r c h i v a l l y c o r r e c t . The d e c i s i o n t o mount your p r i n t s should
.
be based on your own personal needs. Hounting on
heavy mat board provides a g r e a t d e a l o f p h y s i c a l
s t r e n g t h t o t h e p r i n t . Mounting w i t h wide b o r d e r s
p r o t e c t s t h e p r i n t from edge damage and atmospheric
d e t e r i o r a t i o n . Mounting boards come i n a wide range
o f c o l o r s and t e x t u r e s ; and i m a g i n a t i v e u s e s o f t h e s e
m a t e r i a l s can g i v e you an i n t e r e s t i n g d i s p l a y f o r your
collection.
I r e c e n t l y saw a c o l l e c t i o n o f mounted p r i n t s
which w a s very a t t r a c t i v e and p r a c t i c a l . Each 5" x 7"
p r i n t was mounted i n t h e c e n t e r o f an 8" x 10" mediwnweight board. P a i r s o f mounted p r i n t s were i n s e r t e d
i n t o mylar envelopes which a r e punched f o r a s t a n d a r d
3-ring b i n d e r . The e n t i r e c o l l e c t i o n o f photographs
the o r i g i n a l s a r e i n s a f e storage) is
( a l l copies
s t o r e d i n D-ring b i n d e r s and hasbecome a p a r t o f t h e
owner's g e n e a l o g i c a l records.
Each mount i s l a b e l e d
with a l l information p e r t i n e n t t o t h a t p i c t u r e , such
a s l o c a l i t y , i d e n t i t y of those pictured, dates, etc.
-
I f you decide t o mount your p r i n t s , t h e u s e o f
high q u a l i t y m a t e r i a l s i s important. P r i n t s t h a t a r e
handled o f t e n should De p r o t e c t e d with a s h e e t o f
c l e a r m a t e r i a l . For t h i s purpose, c e l l u l o s e a c e t a t e
o r polyethylene, with no s u r f a c e c o a t i n g s ; o r g l a s s
can be used. P r i n t l a c q u e r s o f f e r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t
f i n g e r p r i n t s , a c t as a moisture b a r r i e r , and h e l p
prevent t h e p r i n t from s t i c k i n g t o g l a s s o r o t h e r
o v e r l a y s . Coating a p r i n t with l a c q u e r i s a simple
job t h a t anyone with a s t e a d y hand can do. However i t
i s very important t h a t o n l y a l a c q u e r t h a t i s formulat e d f o r photographic u s e be used. Other t y p e s o f
c o a t i n g s w i l l damage a p r i n t . Photo l a c q u e r s come i n
g l o s s y and s e v e r a l g r a d e s o f semi-gloss t o f l a t f i n i s h e s , and a r e a v a i l a b l e a t most photo s t o r e s .
I n my last a r t i c l e , I gave some i n s t r u c t i o n s on
framing. There i s very l i t t l e t h a t I can add, but
t h e r e a r e a few p o i n t s t h a t should be s t r e s s e d . Aluminum frames a r e probably t h e b e s t t h a t you can u s e ,
from an a r c h i v i s t ' s p o i n t o f view, b u t t h e y a r e c e r t a i n l y o u t o f p l a c e when used w i t h a p i c t u r e from
a n o t h e r e r a . I n o r d e r t o make a d i s p l a y v i s u a l l y
e f f e c t i v e , t h e frame, t h e mat, and t h e photo must
complement each o t h e r . The use o f a wood frame i s
p r a c t i c a l l y unavoidable.
Varnished o r o i l e d frames, and t h o s e made from
bleached wood should be avoided as much as p o s s i b l e .
Do n o t u s e plywood as a backing m a t e r i a l . Raw wood
c o n t a i n s s u b s t a n c e s t h a t w i l l s t a i n t h e mount and,
e v e n t u a l l y , t h e p r i n t i t s e l f . The mat and/or p r i n t
should be i n s u l a t e d a t t h e p o i n t where i t toucnes t h e
wood by a l a y e r o f p o l y e t h y l e n e o r aluminum f o i l . Be
wary o f t h e "antique" frames being s o l d by s e v e r a l
m a i l o r d e r companies. Most o f them a r e made o f plastic.
Generally speaking, b l a c k and white p r i n t s
s u f f e r l i t t l e from t h e e f f e c t s o f l i g h t f o r moderate
p e r i o d s . F l u o r e s c e n t l i g h t i n g and d i r e c t s u n l i g h t
w i l l c a u s e some yellowing because o f t h e h i g h l e v e l s
o f u l t r a v i o l e t r a d i a t i o n i n these l i g h t sources.
Tungsten l i g h t i n g , as we have s e e n , is b e s t t o d i s p l a y your p i c t u r e s ; b u t any l i g h t i n g should be no
more powerful t h a n what is needed t o provide t h e des i r e d e f f e c t s . Toned p r i n t s a r e more r e s i s t a n t t o
contamination, i n c l u d i n g t h e e f f e c t s o f l i g h t . Toned
p r i n t s , t h e r e f o r e , should be used f o r d i s p l a y whenever possible.
VII
- PRESERVING COLOR
PHOTOS
For o u r purposes, we w i l l d e f i n e a c o l o r photograph as a c o l o r image t h a t was produced chemically
d u r i n g t h e p r o c e s s i n g o f t h e photographic m a t e r i a l .
T h i s i n c l u d e s p r i n t s , s l i d e s , and n e g a t i v e s . Hand
c o l o r e d photographs and any photos c o l o r e d a f t e r proc e s s i n g a r e excluded from t h i s d i s c u s s i o n .
I n r e c e n t y e a r s , t h e u s e o f c o l o r photography
has increased t o t h e point where most photographs are
now taken i n color. The preservation o f these color
materials has become a major problem f o r both t h e consumer and t h e manufacturer. The industry has invested
many years and countless millions o f dollars t o solve
t h i s problem. bluch progress has been made, but there
i s s t i l l a long way t o go before color matches t h e
d u r a b i l i t y o f black and white.
The image o f a black and white photo i s made
up o f various d e n s i t i e s o f s i l v e r particles. I n a
color photograph, t h e s i l v e r i s removed during processing and t h e image t h a t remains i s made up o f three
layers o f dyes. A l l dyes change with t i m e , r e s u l t i n g
i n changes i n d e n s i t y , c o l o r , or both. As t h e technology now stands, t h e l o s s o f a color image i s inevitab l e . The only thing t h a t we can do i s t o slow t h e det e r i o r a t i o n as much as possible.
A l l o f t h e factors described as causing t h e det e r i o r a t i o n o f black and white f i l m also apply t o col o r ; and a l l o f the precautions are v a l i d , i n most
cases, with some modification.
Low temperature storage o f color materials can
be b e n e f i c i a l i f t h e RH can be kept between 25 and
30 percent. Dye fading generally proceeds a t a lower
r a t e a t lower RH and temperatures. A l l dyes deteriorate when exposed t o . l i g h t . A l l l i g h t i n g i s harmful
and t h e e f f e c t s are cumulative. I f color prints are
t o be displayed, as l i t t l e l i g h t as possible should
be used near t h e p r i n t . P r i n t s , s l i d e s , and negatives
should be stored in total darkness.
The s t a b i l i t y o f dyes i n color materials varies
as much as t h e number o f materials available. Kodakls
estimates for t h e i r f i l m s are l i s t e d below. These are
t h e lengths o f time f o r " j u s t noticible1I fading t o
0
occur i n Kodak f i l m s stored i n t h e dark a t 7 5 F and 40%
RH
.
KODACHROME
KODACHROME
- Process
- Process
(Slides)
K-12 ( S l i d e s )
K-14
90 years
50 years
-
EKTACHROME
P r o c e s s E-6 ( S l i d e s )
Process E-4 ( S l i d e s )
EKTACHROME-X
HS EKTACHROME
Process E-4 ( S l i d e s )
KODACOLOR 400
(Prints)
KODACOLOR I1
(Prints)
-
50
20
20
10
6
years
years
years
years
years
It should be noted t h a t Process K-12 and E-4
f i l m s a r e d i s c o n t i n u e d and no l o n g e r a v a i l a b l e . Howe v e r your s l i d e c o l l e c t i o n s may c o n t a i n some o f t h e s e
types.
For more complete information on t h e preservat i o n o f c o l o r m a t e r i a l s , you should c o n s u l t some o f
t h e many books t h a t have been published on t h i s subject.
Two of t h e b e s t a r e , S t o r a g e and Care o f Kodak
Color M a t e r i a l s , and P r e s e r v a t i o n o f Photographs, both
published by Eastman Kodak.
VIII
- RESTORATION,
DUPLICATING, AND COPYING
Many people have asked me about r e s t o r i n g a damaged photograph. I t e l l them a l l , '*Don't do it!"
R e s t o r a t i o n of an o r i g i n a l photograph i s a time consuming, expensive, and r i s k y p r o c e s s ; and i n v o l v e s a cons i d e r a b l e amount o f s k i l l . Only a n e x p e r t , s p e c i a l l y
t r a i n e d i n r e s t o r a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s , should a t t e m p t any
t y p e o f r e s t o r a t i o n work on an o r i g i n a l . Even simple
s t a i n removal, i f improperly done, could d e s t r o y t h e
image. I cannot emphasize t h i s t o o much: UNCER NO
CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU ATTEMPT ANY RESTORATION WORK
ON AN O R I G I N A L PHOTOGRAPH.
Photo r e t o u c h i n g i s a n i n t e r e s t i n g hobby. I f
you have t h e p a t i e n c e and a r t i s t i c t a l e n t t h a t i s
needed, you may want t o t r y your hand a t t h i s c r a f t .
You should, o f c o u r s e , work o n l y on a copy.
There a r e s e v e r a l e x c e l l e n t p u b l i c a t i o n s on t h e
market t h a t w i l l h e l p you g e t s t a r t e d . One o f t h e
b e s t f o r beginners i s Photo Retouching and R e s t o r a t i o n ,
by t h e P e t e r s e n P u b l i s h i n g Corp.
There a r e o t h e r works
a v a i l a b l e from photo r e t a i l e r s and your l o c a l l i b r a r y .
Copying and d u p l i c a t i n g a r e photographic procedures f o r p r e p a r i n g second-generation images. I n t h e
course o f making c o p i e s , d e f e c t s t h a t appear i n t h e
o r i g i n a l image can be reduced o r e l i m i n a t e d . A t t h e
same t i m e , t h e new image can be processed f o r maximum
stability.
Most g e n e a l o g i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n s c a r r y a d v e r t i s e ments from p r o f e s s i o n a l photographers o f f e r i n g " r e s t o ration."
This r e s t o r a t i o n u s u a l l y c o n s i s t s o f s-4tt i n g , e t c h i n g , p e n c i l work, and a i r b r u s h i n g t o r e p a i r
damaged a r e a s o r i m p e r f e c t i o n s . The s e r v i c e s o f f e r e d
a r e u s u a l l y done on a copy p r i n t o r n e g a t i v e , and i s
more p r o p e r l y c a l l e d r e t o u c h i n g , s i n c e no work i s
done on t h e o r i g i n a l . No r e p u t a b l e photographer o r
f i r m w i l l o f f e r t o r e s t o r e an o r i g i n a l p r i n t u n l e s s
t h e y have r e c e i v e d s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g i n t h i s f i e l d .
You should c a r e f u l l y check t h e c r e d e n t i a l s o f anyone
o f f e r i n g r e s t o r a t i o n work b e f o r e you commit your
money and photos.
Much o f t h e simple r e t o u c h i n g procedures t h a t
a r e o f f e r e d as t t r e s t o r a t i o n " a r e r o u t i n e l y done as
p a r t of t h e p r o c e s s i n g o f a p r i n t . There should be
no e x t r a charge f o r t h i s work.
Normal copying i s n o t e s p e c i a l l y d i f f i c u l t f o r
t h e experienced photographer and r e q u i r e s l i t t l e ext r a equipment. A s a r u l e some l o s s o f s h a r p n e s s and
d e t a i l can be expected when making a copy. T h i s act u a l l y works t o o u r advantage when making a copy o f
an o l d p r i n t . The s h a r p e s t d e t a i l i n an o l d p r i n t
i s u s u a l l y an i m p e r f e c t i o n t h a t w i l l t e n d t o blend
i n with t h e r e s t o f t h e image. High c o n t r a s t f i l m s
used f o r copying work can minimize o r e l i m i n a t e much
o f t h e f a d i n g i n a n o l d p r i n t . The proper u s e o f
on-camera
f i l t e r s and e l i m i n a t e u n s i g h t l y s t a i n s
t h a t appear on t h e o r i g i n a l .
A s I have s t a t e d , some s p o t t i n g and r e t o u c h i n g
i s a r o u t i n e s t e p i n p r o c e s s i n g a p r i n t . iviore ext e n s i v e damage can be covered by r e t o u c h i n g t h e copy
and t h e n making a t h i r d - g e n e r a t i o n copy. T h i s w i l l
g i v e you t h e same r e s u l t s a s r e s t o r i n g t h e o r i g i n a l
without t h e r i s k and c o s t o f chemical r e s t o r a t i o n .
The r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d by copying a r e , i n many c a s e s ,
far s u p e r i o r t o t h e o r i g i n a l p r i n t . Thus, images t h a t
could be considered as almost being l o s t can be g i v e n
a new l i f e .
Black and white n e g a t i v e s can be d u p l i c a t e d
by a simple p r o c e s s t h a t y e i l d s d u p l i c a t e s comparab l e i n q u a l i t y t o t h e o r i g i n a l s . Nitrate-based negat i v e s p r e s e n t l i t t l e a d d i t i o n a l problems i n duplicat i o n . However, t h e y should be handled by someone who
has had experience w i t h t h a t m a t e r i a l .
The problem o f p r e s e r v i n g your important c o l o r
photos can be e l i m i n a t e d by copying them o n t o b l a c k
and white m a t e r i a l s . Color n e g a t i v e s and s l i d e s can
be p r i n t e d d i r e c t l y o n t o black and white paper witho u t t h e need f o r a copy negative. Color p r i n t s can
be copied i n t h e same manner a s black and white. You
w i l l have l o s t t h e c o l o r , but t h e image w i l l be preserved.
The e l e c t r o n i c age has a l s o provided a n o t h e r
s o l u t i o n t o t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n problem. The home video
r e c o r d e r and p o r t a b l e camera has made a b i g d e n t i n
s a l e s o f 8mm movie equipment. Many photo p r o c e s s e r s
your movies, s l i d e s , and p r i n t s o n t o video t a p e .
While no c o n c l u s i v e information i s , t o my knowledge,
a v a i l a b l e on t h e permanence o f video t a p e compared
t o black and white photographs; video t a p e is n o t
a f f e c t e d by many o f t h e elements t h a t can d e s t r o y a
photograph.
IX
- MOUNTED
ORIGINALS
I t was common p r a c t i c e i n t h e e a r l y days o f
photography t o permanently mount on s t i f f c a r d stock.
This w a s done c h i e f l y because of t h e poor p h y s i c a l
s t r e n g t h o f photographic papers i n u s e a t t h e time.
These mounts, o r mats, ranged i n design from very
p l a i n t o h i g h l y d e c o r a t i v e . They s a y as much about
t h e l i f e s t y l e o f o u r a n c e s t o r s a s do t h e p i c t u r e s
themselves.
The p r a c t i c e o f mounting p i c t u r e s h a s saved
many o l d p r i n t s from a e s t r u c t i o n . T h i s i s most appar a n t on p r i n t s w i t n wide bordered mounts. P r i n t s t h a t
show damade around t h e edges o f t h e mount can be saved
from f u r t h e r d e t e r i o r a t i o n by trimming t h e mount p a s t ,
t h e p o i n t of damage. You should n o t a t t e m p t t o separ a t e t h e p r i n t from t h e mount. T h i s i n v o l v e s s p e c i a l
t e c h n i q u e s , and i f improperly done, can a e s t r o y t h e
print.
P r e s e r v a t i o n o f photographs i s a very complex
s u o j e c t with many v a r i a b l e s , i n c o n s i s t a n c i e s , and
c o n t r a d i c t i o n s . The m a t e r i a l t h a t I r e s e a r c h e d f o r
t h i s a r t i c l e covered a l l f a c e t s o f t h e s u b j e c t ; from
t h e o v e r l y s i m p l i f i e d t o t h e s c i e n t i f i c . For t h e
p a s t few nlon~hsmy desk a h s been l i t t e r e d with an uni:naginable o f magazine c l i p p i n g s , photocopies, books,
and n o t e s .
A l l o f t h i s m a t e r i a l very c l e a r l y l e d t o one
p o i n t : 'i'he b e s t way t o p r e s e r v e your photograpnic
c o l l e c t i o n i s t o ilave a f a i r amount o f knowledge and
a l o t o f common s e n s e . S u r e l y some o f t h e methods
t n a t I nave d e s c r i b e d a r e a s i m p r a c t i c a l f o r you a s
they a r e ;or me. The s e c r e t t o being s u c c e s s f u l i n
your e f f o r t s i s t h e e l i m i n a t i o n o f a s many h a z a r d s
as g o s s i ~ l e .
Ttie f i e l a o f photographic p r e s e r v a t i o n i s growi n g as r a p i d l y a s t h e i n d u s t r y i t s e l f . A s t h e consumer becomes more aware o f t h e v a l a e o f h i s o l d photo<:raphs, a demand i s being made for more and b e t t e r
methods. The i n a u s t r y i s working h a r d t o meet t h a t
demand. The companies t h a t have covered t h i s market
f o r many y e a r s a r e e x p e r i e n c i n g a r a p i d growth, w h i l e
many new manufacturers and s u p p l i e r s o f a r c h i v a l rnateri a l s a r e e n t e r i n g t h e f i e l d . Archival m a t e r i a l s and
methods o f p r e s e r v a t i o n a r e more e a s i l y a v a i l a b l e t h a n
t h e y have e v e r been. A l l t h a t one has t o do t o f i n d a
s u p p l i e r i s look through t h e a d s i n photo and genealobical publications.
I n t h i s a r t i c l e , I have i n t e n t i o n a l l y omitted
t h e e a r l i e r photographic processes such a s daguerrot y p e s , c a l l o t y p e s , and t i n t y p e s . These o l d e r process e s , with t h e exception o f t i n t y p e s , a r e r a r e and you
a r e not l i k e l y t o encounter them. I n a d d i t i o n , some
of t h e s e r e q u i r e s p e c i a l c a r e and discussion o f t h e s e
a r e a s would have exceeded space l i m i t a t i o n s .
Another important t o p i c i s t h e problems faced
by people who l i v e i n t r o p i c a l climates. The high
h e a t and humidity i n t h e s e a r e a s can destroy an unprotected photo i n very l i t t l e time. This is f u e l
for a future article.
The s e c t i o n which follows lists those works
which I f e e l would be most h e l p f u l t o you i f you have
t h e d e s i r e t o do f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h on t h i s s u b j e c t . I
have a l s o l i s t e d some sources o f a r c h i v a l m a t e r i a l .
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Color and Black & White, Kodak PublicaKodak Films
t i o n No. AF-1
Storage and Care of Kodak Color biaterials, Kodak Publ i c a t i o n No. E-30
P r e s e r v a t i o n of Photographs, Kodak P u b l i c a t i o n No. F-30
The above a r e a v a i l a b l e from: Corporate Communications,
Eastman-Kodak Co., 343 S t a t e S t . , Rochester, NY 14650.
Photo Retouching and Restoration, Petersen Publishing
Co., 8490 Sunset Blvd., Losangeles, CA 90069
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
P.O. Box 3012, Rochester, NY
14614
Complete l i n e o f a r c h i v a l m a t e r i a l s and s t o r age systems, including many books and pamphlets on t h i s
subject
Light Impressions Corp.,
-
.
R N I Photo Marketing, P.O. Drawer 638. Ocala, FL 32678
Archival s t o r a g e m a t e r i a l s .
GENEALOGY -AND FAMILY HISTORY
Preserving and collecting material for a family
history adds fiber and vitality to your genealogy. Writing a record for future generations is not a task which
is solely restricted to the scholar. It is an endeavor
that is within the range of latent skills which are possessed by most of us. These skills can be cultivated with
just a little effort and care, together with practice.
In many cases, diaries, oral histories, personal journals,
school yearbooks, and newspaper articles can be used to
provide the ingredients upon which to compose the family
history.
Recording the tales of bygone days through the reminiscing of elderly family members gives valuable insight
into the special features reflected from each family. Such
memories, stories and traditions should be included in
the discourse. The favorite story, rituals, role of family
members, origin of the family surname and its spelling,
or any name changes and variations should be included.
Traditional names and nicknames are good to consider.
Evocative questions which elicit personal observations
provide another means of generating interesting and factual
material for the history. Distinctive expressions or any
colloquialisms are noteworthy. Stories related to heirlooms should not be forgotten. Traditional recipes and
their preparation give another element for a more complete
story.
Most histories generally deal with great events, world
or national leaders, major conflicts, and socio-economic
changes in world society. These are objective and didactic
instruments of pedantic endeavor. Family history, however,
should be more subjective, reflecting individual activities
and conflicts. The nuances of family members are usually
lost in time as grandparents, aunts and uncles, distant
relatives, and siblings pass on to the velvet pastures
where the fourth horseman holds court.
Many times, histories are limited to great moving forces
where the individual loses his identity; where thoughts,
ideas, plans, songs, aspirations, personal conflicts and
labors, and all those other little things of family life
are lost. The role of religion in the family, attitudes
toward family stability, the work ethic, number of children within a family, and regard toward education are additional avenues for study. Our past is lost so rapidly
that few youngsters can compose a short story about their
grandparents. The demands of modern life preempt our energies as effectively as the time-consuming labors of
earlier generations. The lifeblood of history is man, the
person not movements, not leaders but man.
-
-
With the growth of interest in genealogy, the development of subjective, filial histories is a logical step. A
joining of the two disciplines is a fitting legacy for
future generations. It should be noted that while we search
for those genealogical links to the past and our ancestors,
incorporating information of an anecdotal nature reflects
a better image than the shadow matrix of skeletal namelinkage. A better method would be to include the raw data
of births, marriages and deaths, some details and anthologies of these people. This adds flavor and color to mere
cold, hard facts. Future generations are aided in their
quest for comparisons and can evaluate the progress through
time of their kindred, whether for good or ill.
It is recognized that names and dates are important;
however, places, events and interactions provide depth
which fully enhance our story. Photographs from old
family albums adds another dimension. Group family portraits are an excellent record, but remember to identify
each individual, including time and place of the picture.
Scenes of towns, homes, interiors of houses and work sites
are also valuable and interesting resources.
Ensure that something is said about homelife, skills,
employment, location whether rural or urban, recreation,
and other personal details which would be of interest to
future generations. Truthfulness must always be practiced
with discretion. Certain unnecessary revelations need not
be preserved for they tend to obscure the subject of the
study and exacerbate matters of secondary importance.
Writing a family history may seem difficult for those
who habitually do not use their skills in composition.
Introductions, beginning and topic sentences are vexing to
the neophyte but their acquisition is not an insurmountable
task. Certain words and phrases seem to block our path
and inhibit our thoughts. We are more concerned with form,
sometimes, than with subject matter. A good method to use
is the simple outline. This method solves many problems
for the writer.
By constructing an outline, we develop a blueprint and
establish parameters upon which to build the story. Once
goals have been set and the framework constructed, it is
time to write. The best technique for any writer in developing a story is to write. Put words down on paper;
revise them later. It is the idea that we wish to capture,
not the style nor syntax. Refining the work and correcting
errors in spelling and form is done after the story is
completed.
In composing family histories, remember and apply these
rules. The topics within each history should be created
and designed to be brief, cohesive and clear. Using too many
words to explain or depict some things can create boredom
and lose your reader. Write just enough to tell your story.
Further, a lack of clarity can also confuse the reader.
Try to be specific when you are describing your subject.
This quality in writing prevents misreading and directs
your reader's attention. Lastly, the lack of cohesion will
create a choppy, disjointed paper. Keep to one idea at a
time; do not wander, Using an outline, of course, will
solve many of your internal problems of engineering.
With a little effort and care, anyone can produce a
commendable family history; one that will reflect the life
and times of each individual within the genealogy. All
that has to be done is to begin. We could begin by saying,
"I am an American of French-Canadian descent. My ancestors
settled in the New World during the time of
.I1.
A postscript must be included in this article. There
are no shortcuts in writing a genealogy or family history.
From time to time, we may find in magazines and newspapers,
advertisements for coats-of-arms and family histories.
Unless you can prove that your particular family is related
to that history or crest, you are wasting your money.
A recent book entitled, THE AMAZING STORY OF THE AUBINS
IN AMERICA, by Sharon Taylor (Halbert, 1982), is a good case
in point. The only thing amazing about the book is the
title. There is no story about the first settlers in Canada
or the United States. In fact, no reference is made about
the direct French influence; neither Quebec nor Acadia nor
Louisiana are mentioned. What hurt the most was the fact
that the many scholarly genealogists and their works were
not mentioned. French and French-Canadian genealogical
societies are ignored. Name changes are mentioned in one
vague sentence on page ten.
My original ancestor, the first settler, was Aubin
Lambert, son of Audax (Odard) Lambert in the parish of StAubin of the village of Tourouvre, Perche, France. The
family or their many descendants moved through the centuries
from Quebec City to St-Nicolas, Lanoraie, Maskinonge,
Berthier-en-Haut, Ste-Elizabeth, St-Felix-de-Valois in
Canada, then to Burrillville, Rhode Island. But that is
another story. Simply speaking, use care and accurate data
for your genealogy and family history.
Albert K. Aubin, d 0103
~ditor's Note: Books such as the one referred to by Mr.
Aubin above, as well as others solicited by
Beatrice Bailey of Sterling, PA. are not
recommended by the Society to be purchased.
A word to the wise is sufficient!
GENEALOGIST' S PRAYER
0 Lord,
since your memory is so much greater
than mine,
help me to successfully locate
all the names and dates
that would fili-up all
these empty spaces.
never let me be disgraced
by what I find, both good or ill,
until I have grown to understand
how fully human were
these ancestors of mine,
how one they are with me.
let me celebrate their faults,
as well as exalt in their achievements,
pride myself in their efforts
of courage and adventure.
place my hands on the right volumes
with which to do my research;
let me work with care and diligence,
aware that what I do is
a labor of love,
to be shared and passed on to future
generations.
help me to do what I can now,
and never worry about what I can't find.
let me sleep nights free from searching
in my dreams for so-and-so,
knowing that someday after death,
I'll be able to question them all personally;
I'll know it all first-hand.
let what I compile be my gift to you,
my talents multipliedmay it bring smiles and compassion
to my family (now and yet to come),
and to all, here, writing at my side.
dmb
-
30/5/1982
-
64
-
$ +
+*
.1c
i?
by A1 Berube, S.C.G.F.
// 2018
(Editor's Note: The original article of Mr. Berube sent
to us has been embellished by material translated from
the following:
Baillargeon, Samuel, C.Ss.R. "Un Canadien-Francais,
Fondateur d'une Grande Ville Americaine" in the
REWE STE-ANNE-DE-BEAUPRE, January 1981, pp.28-29.
Roy, Christian. HISTOIRE DE L'ASSOMPTION, pp.382-384.
Salomon was likewise the nephew of this editor's 4x
maternal great-grandmother, Felicite Galarneau (married to Pierre Lanoue), she being the sister of
Salomon Juneau's mother, Therese Galarneau-Juneau.)
JUNEAU'S ASCENDING GENEALOGY
I JUNEAU, Pierre (
ROUSSEAU, Suzanne (
m. c1665 - N.D. de Cognes, La Rochelle, Aunis, Fr.
I1 JUNEAU, Augustin (Pierre & Suzanne Rousseau)
BLANCHON, Elizabeth (Etienne & Anne Vuideau)
m. 7/12/1698 - Montreal, PQ
I11 JUNEAU, Francois (Augustin & Elizabeth Blanchon)
THOUIN, Marie-Charlotte (Jean-Baptiste & Marie Cadieux)
lm. 15/11/1734 Repentigny, PQ
-
IV JUNEAU, Francois (Francois & M-Charlotte Thouin)
VENNE, Marie-Charlotte (Jean-Baptiste & Agnes ~rien)
m. 21/11/1757 Pointe-aux-Trembles, Mtl., PQ
-
V JUNEAU-LATULIPPE , Francois (Francois & M-Charlotte Venne)
GALARNEAU, Therese (Joseph & Therese Leriche-Lassonde)
lm. 12/4/1785 - l'bssomption, PQ
VI JUNEAU, Laurent-Salomon (Francois
VIAU, Josephte (
m. c1812
&
Therese Galarneau)
At the debut of the nineteenth century, where today is
located the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with a climbing
population of 800,000, one can still find a small log cabin
on an elevation about two miles from Lake Michigan, on the
banks of the Milwaukee River. This was called the "Juneau
trsding post", where lived the great Salomon Juneau, 'a man
measuring more than six feet and endowed with common strength.
Laurent-Salomon Juneau was born near the Riviere-de-lrAssomption, the son of Francois and Therese (Galameau) Juneau.
He was baptized at Repentigny on 9 August 1793, and not at
lrAssomption,as is often referred to. He arrived in the
locality of Milwaukee towards 1815, engaged by the Hudson
Bay Company. Undoubtedly, he was already married. He
was in good shape, rising each day at sunrise and retiring
at sunset. "I often sleep under the stars", he wrote to his
family, "and often in the hollow of an old tree".
Three years later, on 14 August 1818, he was joined by
his wife, Josephte Viau. The two made their home in a log
cabin, where twelve children were later born of this marriage.
Two of his sons, Paul and Narcisse Juneau were later to occupy seats on the Wisconsin legislature.
Juneau's special talent was that he was friendly towards
the Indians. His home was a well-known comer of hospitality
in the area, where any traveller could stay overnight in all
security. Recognized everywhere as a man, good and fair and
marked with great gentleness, he was most welcoming to all
who knocked upon his door.
Towards 1835, his trading post attracted the attention of
many immigrants, where he put up for sale the lands of the
future town. He acquired a good part of the sites for himself. Salomon even traced the plan for the city, indicating
where the new roads would be made. He likewise directed
their construction. Selling part of his properties, he
opened a large store to serve the needs of the growing population. He was installed as the first postmaster of Milwaukee, as well as constructed the first steamboat in the
area to furrow the waters of Lake Michigan, naning it, naturally, the "Salomon Juneau".
In 1844, the townspeople desired to build a church, to
which Juneau donated not only the site but also huge sums of
money i n advance f o r i t s construction. I n 1846, t h e Wisconsin
l e g i s l a t u r e r a i s e d t h e s t a t u s of Milwaukee t o a municipality,
and Juneau was e l e c t e d unanimously i t s f i r s t mayor. He had
b u i l t a courthouse a t h i s expense, on land he had donated,
and a l s o had cleared an a r e a around t h e b u i l d i n g t o be used
f o r a f u t u r e p u b l i c park.
Juneau was a man who had confidence i n everyone, and bel i e v e d t h a t everyone was good. B i t by b i t , s e v e r a l y e a r s
l a t e r , he l o s t h i s f o r t u n e t o land s p e c u l a t o r s , and was driven
t o complete r u i n , f i n a n c i a l l y . Yet nothing a l t e r e d h i s good
humor and s e r e n i t y , not even such a demise. Rather, he moved
h i s family n o r t h t o Theresa, Wisconsin, where, r e l y i n g on h i s
t r e a t y with t h e Indians, he resumed a considerable f u r t r a d e
with them, and found a b e t t e r way of l i f e . So succes.sfu1 was
he, t h a t he was a b l e t o pay h i s c r e d i t o r s , a s w e l l a s , educatc
h i s c h i l d r e n i n no time. H i s business made him prosperous
once more, and l e d him i n t o t h e p o l i t i c a l c i r c l e .
I n t h e f a l l of 1856, t h e S t a t e of Wisconsin s e n t him as a
d e l e g a t e t o t h e Democratic Party convention i n Cincinnati,
Ohio, t o support t h e candidacy of James Buchanan, t h e p a r t y ' s
nominee f o r t h e presidency. While t h e r e , a deadly f e v e r overtook him, diminishing h i s s t r e n g t h w i t h i n a few days. "I
would s o much l i k e t o s e e Milwaukee again, before dying", he
t o l d t h e p r i e s t who a s s i s t e d him, "because I don't t h i n k I ' v e
l e f t a s i n g l e enemy there". Several minutes l a t e r , he s a i d ,
"I had s o much wanted t o d i e i n Milwaukee; I had always hoped
t o r e s t where I had l i v e d f o r s o many wonderful years". Juneau
died t h e 14 November 1856.
The news of h i s death caused t h e Indian c h i e f s t o assemble,
where they decided t h a t whoever was a v a i l a b l e , would a s s i s t a t
Juneau's f u n e r a l . 700 Indians turned o u t , f i l e d two-by-two,
and joined t h e cortege. H i s body was c a r r i e d by 4 townsmen
and 6 Indians i n t o t h e crowded church. The crowd o u t s i d e was
reportedly j u s t a s large.
I n compliance with h i s wishes, h i s remains were brought
back t o Milwaukee with g r e a t ceremony on 28 November 1856.
General Grant, many companies of s o l d i e r s , numerous bands,
and both c i v i l and r e l i g i o u s a u t h o r i t i e s , and a crowd of 9
t o 10,000 people, presided over by the bishop of the c i t y ,
were t h e r e t o g r e e t t h e body. The pioneer of Milwaukee was
eulogized l a t e r , "Salomon Juneau. ..may your memory endure a s
long a s s i n c e r e and devoted h e a r t s w i l l b u i l d on t h e s o i l of
Wisconsin. May your i n t e g r i t y and l i f e without blemish s e r v e
a s a beacon t o those who follow you!"
DISP. 3-3
C.
(bIARRIAGE DISPENSATIONS OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY)
While plowing through the marriage repertoires, many
genealogists no doubt come across the notation used as the
ticle of this article, or one very similar, added there to
help them in their search for lost ancestors. The abbreviation "disp.", followed by a combination of or singular
2, 3, or 4, with a "c." or "a££ concluding the notation,
signifies a dispensation given by the Church to marriages
between blood relatives (consanguinity) and between in-laws
(affinity). The number-combinations signify the degrees
of kindred between the spouses.
."
TAttle do some realize that such dispensations can often
proye to be a valuable tool to the genealogist in their research, as valuable as other clues revealed through nicknames, histories, and census records, especially when one
arrives at a "dead end" on their charts. It is also helpful in a region where registers no longer exist for a certain
time span, or where there are many descendants of a given
family, and one is confused.
Steve A. White, genealogist from the Centre d'etudes
acadiennes at the University of Moncton, New Brunswick has
successfully utilized the given dispensations in extant
marriage records to bridge the gap between the first generations of Acadian ancestors and their later descendants,
especially where registers have been lost due to the "derangement" or other unfortunate mishaps, i.e. fires. In
some areas of Acadia, more specifically on Prince Edward,
Magdelen, and Cape Breton Islands, where such registers
have disappeared, and two or three brothers or cousins of
the same family have settled in a certain region, such as
the Boudreau's at Barachois and Havre-Aubert, the Gallant's
at Rustico, and the Leblanc's at Arichat, many "would-be"
mysteries have been solved.
The wise usage of this neglected clue can often clearup questions and errors regarding any given family, especially if they have lived in a certain area for a considerable
length of time, and their ancestors have inter-married with
other local families over a period of several generations.
One need not live only on an island to have been granted
such a dispensation, as the repertoires all over the Province of Quebec reveal their wide-spread usage.
There's an old adage that runs "Marry someone from an
island, and you marry the island"; never has a proverb runp
more true, and thus, the reasons for granting dispensation.
Hopefully, the next few pages will shed some light on further explaining what these dispensations are and how they
are computed, as well as give examples of how to make good
use of them.
CONSANGUINITY
In Canon Law, the law of the Church1 , consanguinity or
blood relationship exists directly if a person is one's
direct ancestor or progenitor. One is never allowed to
marry another which falls in this category for obvious
reasons, i.e. great-grandparents, grandparents, parents,
brothers or sisters, grandchildren, and so forth. Consanguinity exists collaterally if neither spouse is the
direct ancestor of the other, but rather both of them are
descended from a common ancestor, i.e. first, second, third
or fourth cousins. Marriage with ecclesiastical dispensation is permitted between spouses in this case, although
not recommended for the health and sanity of future generations. However, if you live on an island, or the next
town is about fifteen miles away separated by wooded area
filled with Indians, one readily sees the reason for marrying even close cousins.
A degree is the measure of distance between blood relatives and their common ancestor, often computed directly
according to the number of generations in a line without
counting the ancestor.
Example :
Joseph
I
Benoit
(Ancestor)
(1)
I
Hyppolite
(2)
I
Nectaire
(3) and so forth down the line
In collateral dispensations, the degrees are computed
according to the number of generations of the spouse with
the longest line back to the ancestor (without counting the
ancestor as before).
Example:
disp. 3-4 c.
1
Felix
Hilaire
marrying
Joseph
Cecile
I
I
Marie
I
Felix
Pierre (Ancestor)
(1)
(2)
I
Cecile
(3)
(3)
(4)
If the branches are unequal, as in the case above, the
branch with the longest line, more distant from the common ancestor, determines the degree of relationship, the
longer line as it were drawing over to it the shorter.
These dispensations will run as follows: 2-3, 2-4, 3-4.
If the two branches are equal in distance, the degrees
will run as follows: 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, as in the example,
following:
Example :
disp. 3-3c
Benoit
marrying
Genevieve
Francois
JoLeph
(1)
I.
Jogeph (2)
I
Benoit
(3)
.
(ancestor)
I
Charles (1)
I
(2)
I
(3)
Lou,is
Genevieve
Although this seems like a simple marriage between cousins,
this case is compounded by another common ancestry, making
it a double 3-3.
In using these dispensations, begin with the original
marriage extract, if one is available, and go backwards to
arrive at the ancestor, and or hislher brothers and sisters.
This rule also applies to half-brothers and sisters in determining the degrees of consanguinity.
The impediment of consanguinity in Catholic marriages
is invalid between all ancestors and their descendants,
legitimate or not. Collaterally, it is invalid up to the
3rd degree, i.e. 2nd cousins. Beyond that point, the impediment ceases and dispensation is no longer necessary.
There are still cases where a priest was doubtful, and thus,
we find cases of dispensations accorded to even 3rd and 4th
cousins in Canada. In applying for such a dispensation,
genealogical charts must accompany one's marriage papers
to the chancery office. Those attempting and consummating
marriage within the forbidden degrees of consanguinity are
presumed guilty of incest, and subject to ecclesiastical
(and sometimes civil) penalties. They must also have their
marriage "re-blessed" (rehabilite, as was the case of those
who discovered they were cousins only after their wedding
was performed without the appropriate dispensation). Clerics
who knowingly fail to apply for such dispensations are subject to even more serious penalties by the Church authorities.
A simple rule to follow for counting the degrees of
consanguinity dispensations is the following:
1st Degree = refers to brothers and sisters or combinations
e.g. bro. /bro. sis.Isis. bro. Isis. sis. /bro.
2nd Degree = refers to 1st cousins
3rd Degree = refers to 2nd cousins
4th Degree = refers to 3rd cousins
3-2 degree = marrying first cousin, once removed
(i.e. one's parent's 1st cousin)
4-3 degree = marrying second cousin, once removed
W e . one's parent's second cousin)
(Cousins once removed are the children of
your parent's lst, Znd, or 3rd cousin,
which causes the collateral line to become
unequal).
AFFINITY
Affinity or "in-law-shipr' is a relationship arising from
a valid marriage between two persons, whereby each party is
related to the blood relatives of the other through marriage.
To respect such a relationship between families, it is treated similarly to that of consanguinity, and thus, requires
dispensation. Affinity is computed in such a way that the
blood relatives (or half-blood relatives) of the one spouse
are related by affinity to the other spouse in the same line
and degree as they are related by consanguinity, and vice
versa.
The degree computation for cases of affinity is handled
as that of consanguinity.
Example :
Francois (ancestor)
Alfred
marrying
~drmas(1)
Adeliide (I)
Valeda &
Alfred + Valeda (2)
Mathilda
Mathilda (2)
her 1st cousin
(lmg) f
(2mg.
disp. 2 aff.
I
I
I
Hopefully, this will help those of you who see these
notations and jot them down, but never realize their full
importance. Happy hunting *! !!
1
Halligan, Nicholas, OP. SACRAMENTS OF COMMUNITY RENEWAL.
New York: Alba House, 1974. p. 138f.
Rev.
Dennis M. Boudreau, !I0058
Our l i b r a r y i s c o n s t a n t l y growing. A s the months p a s s
by we s t r i v e t o b r o a d e n o u r l i b r a r y with a s m a n y
m a r r i a g e r e p e r t o i r e s a s possible. If you know of a n y
published r e p e r t o i r e s t h a t a r e not i n o u r l i b r a r y p l e a s e
bring this t o t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e L i b r a r i a n and a l l d u e
e f f o r t s will be m a d e t o obtain t h e s e books,
DONA TIONS :
TRAVERSY, LEO, " L a P a r o i s s e d e St. D a m a s e " gift of
M r s . Helene Quintal.
"
L e s Mariages de Notre Dame, Central F a l l s , R I
.
1872-1979 " i n c o l l a b o r a t i o n . Gift of Quintin Publications.
THE HOLDINGS O F T H E AFGS ( P a r t 2 )
CHAMPLAIN COUNTY
L a Tuque e t l e s m u n i c i p a l i t e s
St, L u c d e Vincennes
St. S t a n i s l a s
Ste. M a r i e Madeleine
Mount C a r m e l
Ste. Genevieve d e B a t i s c a n
St. N a r c i s s e
Ste. Anne d e l a P e r a d e
Champlain
St. P r o s p e r
St. T i t e
Batiscan
CHATEAUGUAY COUNTY
St. J o a c h i m d e Chateauguay
1736-1963
COMPTON COUNTY
E n t i r e County
- - 19 p a r i s h e s
DEUX MONTAGNES COUNTY
E n t i r e County
( 8 Volumes )
DRUMMOND COUNTY
St. F e l i x d e Kingsley
Ste. Clothilde
St. C y r i l l e
Kingsle y F a l l s .
Bon C o n s e i l
St. M a j o r i q u e
St. L u c i e n
St, C h a r l e s
L'A ve n i r
St. G e r m a i n
Dur ham-Sud
Wickham
St. E u g e n e
St. N i c e p h o r e
Ste. J e a n n e d ' A r c
St. F r e d e r i c
FRONTENAC COUNTY
S t e , A g n e s - - L a c Megantic
St. Rene Goupil
St. A m b r o i s e
N o t r e D a m e d e s Bois
N o t r e D a m e du Bon C o n s e i l
St. Zenon - - P i o p o l i s
Ste. C e c i l e
St. R o m a i n
St. Alphonse
St. Leon - - Val R a c i n e
CASPE COUNTY
L e s R e g i s t r e s d e la G a s p e s i e
Ste. F a m i l l e d e P a b o s
GASPE COUNTY
Ste. Anne d e Restigouche
Ste. C e c i l e d e C l o r i d o r m e
St. M a r t i n d e R i v i e r e au Renaud
St M a u r i c e d e L ' E c h o u r i e
St. P a t r i c k d e Douglastown
1759-1795
1873-1977
1855-1976
1914-1977
1345-1978
GATINEAU COUNTY
E n t i r e county
-- 8 volumes
1840-1960
HULLCOUNTY
Notre D a m e de G r a c e , N o t r e Dame de Hull
1886-1913
IBERVILLE COUNTY
Henryville
St. Alexandre
Ste. Anne d e S a b r e v o i s
St. Athanase
Ste. B r i g i d e
Mont St. G r e g o i r e
St. S e b a s t i e n
ILES D E LA MADELEINE COUNTY
E n t i r e county
J O L I E T T E COUNTY
Cathedrale
Christ-Roi
Crabtree
Notre D a m e de l a C h a r i t e
Notre D a m e de L o u r d e s
Notre Dame d e s P r a i r i e s
St, Alphonse
St. A m b r o i s e
Ste. B e a t r i x
St. Cleophas
J O L I E T T E COUNTY
St. C o m e
1867-1960
Ste. E l i z a b e t h
1802-1960
Stc, E m e l i e de l l E n e r g i e
1870-1960
<I-, F e l i x d e Valois
1843-1960
St, J e a n - B a p t i s t e
1946-1960
St, J e a n de Mantha
1855-1960
Ste. M a r c e l l i n e
1927-1960
1832-1960
St? Melanie
St, P a u l
1787-1960
St. P i e r r e
1915-1960
St-?. T h e r e s e d e 1 ' E n f a n t J e s u s
1949- 1960
St. T h o m a s
1911-1960
Mariages protestand du greffe d e Joliette
1841-1964
KAMOURASKA COUNTY
St. P a c o m e
S t e , Anne d e l a P o c a t i e r e
St. A n d r e
St. P a s c a l
Riviere -0uelle
St. Louis
L A B E L L E COUNTY
E n t i r e County
LAPRAIRIE COUNTY
Laprairie
Brossard
Candiac
C aug hnawag a
Delson
St, C a t h e r i n e d l A l e x a n d r i e
St. Mathieu
Ste. P h i l i p p e
St. C o n s t a n t
St. I s i d o r e
St, J a c q u e s l e M i n e u r
Notre Dame
L'ASSOMPTION COUNTY
E n t i r e County
1669-1970
( Repentigny, Lachenaie, L t A s s o m p t i o n , Mascouche
L'Epiphanie, St. P a u l I ' H e r m i t e , St. Roch l t A c h i g a n ,
St. Sulpice, St. Lin )
LEVIS COUNTY
St. J o s e p h d e l a P o i n t e d e Levy
St. Nicolas
St. H e n r i d e Lauzon
St. Louis d e P i n t e n d r e
St. J e a n Chr ys o s t o m e
St. Romuald d f E t c h e m i n
St. L a m b e r t
St. Etienne
St. David
N o t r e D a m e d e Levis
Bienville
Ste. J e a n n e d f A r c
L ' I S L E T COUNTY
St. Roch d e s A u l n a i e s
St. C y r i l l e d e L ' I s l e t
St. Eugene
Notre D a m e de B o n s e c o u r s
LIIsletville
Berthier s u r Mer
LOTBINIERE COUNTY
St. Antoine d e T i l l y
Ste. C r o i x
St. Louis
Ste. E m e l i e
St. E d o u a r d
Notre D a m e d f I s s o u d u n
St, Apollinaire
Ste. Agapit
St. F l a v i e n
Dosquet
St. Louis d e L o t b i n i e r e
AFCS ACTIVE AEPIPEK';
NEM NO
CITY
ST ZIP CODE
ADDRESS
NAME
ATTEkTION
RFD i3, BOX 282A
7 CAROL DRIVE
2 SOUTH STREET
F'AIJL AR! E?;AULT
38 NORnAN STREET
45 UATE?:nAN STREET
220 FISHER STREET
155 LAYt:PALE ROAD
ROBERT R. AUBIN
ALdERT I AUBIN
191 CLADSTONE STCEE?
RAYKOND G. AUDET
32 BIRCH STREET
JCWN D BACON
53 CANDACE STREET
REV CHAkLES BANE1
ST. JOSE?H'S c0Li.1 BOX 869
ThEODORE BANVARD
RT lt BOX 718
cALes FERRY
CT
06333
CUUBERLAHD
HI
02864
SAC0
nE
04072
YOONSOCKET
RI 02895
CUMBERLAND
HI 02864
WONSOCKET
RI
02895
UANSFIELD
nA
02048
CRANSTON
HI 02920
UOONSOCKET
Rl
02895
PROVIDENCE
RI
O29D0
REHSSELAER
IN 47978
SHEPHERDSTOUN
W
0568 F U/M RECIq4LD BARHETTE
1128 CEDLRi100D CIRCLE
OCS2 L
R:'ICER BLSUDRY
730 MNUTLLE ROAD
0226
PATRICK H BEAULIEU
6 OAK LAYN ROAD
0220
UARTHE I REAURESfikD
741 RUE SIUART
0270
RAYEOND E BEAUSOLEIL
917 TARBOX ROCr
'
25443
NORTH DICHTON
nn 02764
YOONSOCKET
Rl
32P?i
NORTH SUITHFIELD
RI
02895
MONTREAL, PUEBEC
Y2V 3H4
n/M JOURSIN BEDhRD
.
1 CREST DEIVE
CR5AND EELHUUPUR
21 LEDGE STREET
f'ETER BELLAVANCE
3261 35TH AVENUE N.
RCRINSON 0 BELLIN
26 FAIRVIEY AVEN!.:I:
A J BEL: "IEAU
RO 2
SOLAND BEhJAMlN
43 SLATER PARK AVENUE
RRS LEA bXRARD
7 UILLOU UAY
P3LAND BERCERON
57 CARERON STREET
I :I:IIS F. ,,LRCERON
273 SHAI:?UT AVEtIUE
RENE BEFNIER
12 COREY :.$HE
SWSVBERLY HTS* APT. 203
).:ELEN B:RTRC:I>
222 SOUTH STH STREET
PLAINFIELD
CT
06374
LINCOLN
RI
02665
CENTRAL CALLS
RI
0288.3
ST PETERSBERG
PL
33713
CROWTON
RI
02905
YILLISTON
VT
95495
PCilTUCKET
RI
02861
LINCOLN
RI
02865
PAYTUCKET
RI
02861
CENTRAL FALLS
KI
02eh3
NIANTIC
CT 06357
MAROUETTE
nI
498s~
3En NC
MtIE
ATTECTION
CITY
ST
UILFRID vERUHC
349 UILLISTON YAY
BRET BISHOP
PO BOX 16422
CONSTANCE RISSONNETTE
5 8 ANNETTE AVEHUE
RAYMOND L HISSONETTE
1443 MAYUOOD STREET
RAYMOIID C. BLAIS
506 SHIPPETOUH ROAD
JOSEPH 0. BLANCHARD
75 ROUND TOP ROAD
GERARD L BLACCqARD
2377 BUCKLEY COUP1
THOMAS BLANCHETTE
16 UILLIHGTCN ROCD
RAYRDND HLEAU
671 ARBOR LANE
IDA BLUESiClN
925 SU llTH AVEHUE
n/M NEIL J. HOUCHRRbC JR.
3 2 NORTHERN AVENUE
LE3 L BCUDREAU
12 MIDDLE STREET
REV DENNIS BOUDriERU
1200 MENDON ROAD
LORRAIYE H BOUDREAU
186 DABOLL STREET
LUCIEN BOUFFARD
6 8 CALDER STREET
BERNADINE BOULIA
3325 S. 26lH.9 -18
M/n ROLAND BOULIANE
280 LARCH STREET
PIERRE BREAUL:
387 CHEMIN EVANGELINE
FLORENCE hRICC5
2 0 CLEVELAND ROAD
MICHAEL BRILLON
52 AnHERS7 AVENUE
W M ROLAND BRISSETTE
RIVET DRIVE
JOHN BRISSETTE
293 MORIN HEIGHTS BOULEVARD
PGV:!.?
D4-'YAH
XKISSON
;I
5:iODEUQ
360 3RD STREET
4 0 PILGRIM DRIVE
nARY A BRDUTLLETTE
1779 SANCHEZ STREET
IIAURICE J BROUH
35 RYHCHOH ROAD
VlRCiNIA BWSd
917 CHARLESTON AVENUE
n/n
263 S UORCESPER STREET
RPKZ::~ BURKHART
CANADA LIBRARY
P:JBLIC ARCHIVES OF
ZIP CODE
PAUTUCKET
RI
02861
SALT LAKL CITY
UT 84116
YOONSOCXET
RI
02895
ST PAUL
HN
55117
EAST CREENUICH
R1
02118
HARRISVILLE
RI
02830
AUSTELL
CA
30001
PAUTUCKET
RI
02861
UAHI?INST?R
PA
11974
HALLLINDALE
FL 33009
BEVERLY
MA
01915
TAUNTOH
MA
02780
YOONSOCXET
RI
02895
PROVIDENCE
RI
02907
PAWUCKET
RI
02861
MILUAUKEP
Yf
53215
YOONSOCXET
Rl
02895
L'ACADIE* W E B E C
JOJ 1HO
TAUNTON
HA
02780
PAUTUCKET
RI
02840
LINCOLN
RI 02865
UOOtiSOCXE:
RI
02895
SHALIMAR
FL 32579
UARUICK
RI
02888
SAN FRANCICX
CA 94131
HOLYOKE
MA
01040
IICDESTO
CA
95350
NOHTOY
nn 027p6
OTTAYAI ONiZ..iIO
XI6 ON3
'.A!IE
'8TTENTICIN
cITr
ST
J U L I E T T E CANUEL
1 6 5 TRENTON STREET
LEO CARON
2 8 SOUTH N A I N STf'EET
rUETTE CARON
8 8 BROOLDALE BLVD
CECARD A CARTIER
I 1 P R I C I L L A ROAD
CUSTAVO CASSANOVA-LAFOdET
PO BOX 1 6 3 9
E37OND CHARRETTE
5 CLYDE PLACE
LUCIEN t . CHARTi.AtID
1 2 2 U I L L I A M S STYCET
MRS CLAIRE CHEVRETTE
7 9 5 CENTRAL AVENUE
DDNNA M C;iOOUETTE
5 7 ORIOLE DRIVE
DOROTHY C I R I E L L O
7 6 7 CEDAR STREET
u r l LIAR
F COLLARD
1 7 7 2 3 RECENCY CIRCLE
ARS SHARON COLLISON
2 1 4 0 N 93RD STREET
BE'JERLY CONNELLY
6 7 COCCESHALL AVENUE
ELHER J COURTEAU
2 0 1 LIBERTY P L l C E * S
NRS R I T A C COUTU
9 6 8 CENTRAL AVENUE
ELIZABET'd CRAULEY
1 9 8 CROSS STREET
R I T A CROt:.'IERE
5 2 9 CHICOPEE STREET
R/H JAMES CROTTEAU
RT 3
CIANE B CUBETA
SPENCER ROAD
CAERYL CCRRAN
3 0 4 B E t i E F l T STREET
A G DAHLOUIST
3 6 0 1 78TN AVENUE N
L O I S 6 2ANA
RFD 1
JAC0UEL:NB
R DE;I;GEL!S
1 2 COLONIAL UAY
MR PAUL P D E L I S L E
5 5 2 SOUTH R A I N STREET
b/F4 ROBERT DELOKY
2 4 NINNIl,h'ET
AVENUE
GLORIA I:MAKIS
5 0 KING S ! F E E T
CHLTEAU - L L I R E # APT 401A
ARMAND H 3EFE.i-1 ' - 8 .
REV CLAK:NCE J DENTREMONT
1 6 CREENE STREET
H3flER W bEPIN
1 7 3 BRIAN AVENUE
7 1 CEBTEH STREET
'
Z I P CODE
PAUTUCKET
RI
02860
TAUNTON
na 02700
PAUTUCKET
RI
02861
UOONSOCKET
02895
RI
CAROLINA
PR
00628
LEXINGTON
HA
02173
URENMAH
HA
02903
PAUTUCKET
RI
02661
UHITINSVILLE
HA
01588
UALWLE
IIA
02081
BELLEFLOUER
CA
90706
UAUUATOSA
UI
53226
NEUPORT
171
62840
S T PAUL
NN
55075
PAUTUCKET
RI
02061
CENTRAL F A L L S
RI
02063
CNICOPEE
UA
01013
CUllBERLAND
LII
54829
NICCANUM
CT
06441
PAUTUCKET
02861
RI
BROOKLYN PARK
nN
55443
HARTLAND
VT
05048
REHOBETH
nA
02769
UOONSOCKET
RI
02895
EAST FALROUTH
na 025:cn
SUlVlPSCOIT
Al?
01907
uoo~socx~~
RI
02895
FA IRHAVEN
MA
02719
SOMERSET
nA
32726
#En !{O NARE
ATTENTI ON
CITY
ST
0305 F
HORNAN T 3ERIC3N
0230
A
4 TAYLOR COURT
T DESAULNIERS
PO DRAUER A
0371
GEORGE DESBIENS
30 UASNINCTON STREET
0643
XRS GEORGC DESPRES
31 SAYLES STREET
0587 L
nARY T DESROCHERS
3610 N FERHDALE AVENUE
0614
nas
IS LAHBERT STREET
JE~N~%E:TE DHSHOCHES
0578 1 DETROIT LIHRARY C0n:SSION
5201 YOODUARD AVENUE
0447
JULES DIONNE
18480 FAIRPORT
0574
EILEEN DONLAH
801 SUAN AVENUE
0428
UALTER N. DROUIN
0469
n/M JOSEPH
0552
JAMES DUHAtIE!
n
1371 PIENDON ROAD
DUFORT,JR.
169 UHEELPR STREET
261 YoOD AVENUE
0257 F DIME b NORA DUPREY
MYRICKS STREET* RD 5
0422
CHARLENE 8. DUYER
0477
IRENE E. EnOND
14 UHITE STREET
0668
HELEh
25 HOLMES ROAD
0118
THERESE ETNIER
11 NICKERSOI4 STREET
0523
JONN J. FIELD* JR.
RT 2, Box 494
0238
JONN R, FISHER
1595 NORTH AVENUE
0628
PHYLLIS J FLETCHER
fl
113 nAc ARTHUR ROAD
ENLOU
136 KIUANEE ROAD
0601 I FLINT GENEALOGICAL SOCI2TY
PO BOX 1217
ZIP CODE
CUMBERLAND
RI
02864
IT. BERRY
GA
30149
CENTRAL FAL:
RI
02863
SOUTHBRIDGE
MA
01550
SAN BERNADINO
CA 92404
ACHSNNET
#A 02743
DETROIT
111 48202
DETROIT
HI 48205
arnnr SPRIVCS
FL 33166
UOONSOCXET
RI
02895
REHOBETH
MA
02769
YOONSOCKET
RI 02895
LAKESVlLLE
MA
02346
UOONSOCKET
RI 02895
PAUTUCKET
RI
02860
RIDGEFIELD
CT 06877
PAYTUCXET
RI 02860
DEER PARK
UA 99006
BURLINC:UN
VT
05401
UARUICX
Rl 02988
FLINT
R1
48501
TALLAHASSEE
FL 32303
0546
UALTER FONTAlNE
BOX 3570
0646
VALEPIE C FORD
3400 WlLSHlK'E ROAD
PORTHSHOUTH
600 nAIN STREET
ULIEN
VA
0441 L DR ULYSSE FORGET
0115
RICHkRD FORTIN
0436
PATRICIA CAAR
0275
LOUIS C. CABOURIAQLT
9005 L ALFRED :APOL:KY
0268
HENRY ;ABRIELSOH
,
23703
RI
02888
NORTH CCINUAY
NH 03860
6330 BRENDA ST, CAROLL HEIGHTS SAVANNAH
IL 61074
ATTLEBORO
277 PIKE AVENUE
1111 02703
LINCOLN
5 RIVER ROAD
RI
028.45
229 CYPRESS STREET
MASSAPEOLIA
NY
11762
PO BOX 3095
-81-
NAME
ATTENT I O N
ADDRESS
CITY
ST
Z I P CODE
GABRIEL J . CADOURY
5 U I L L I S DRIVE
RENE N. GRCNE
60 OSUECO STREET
n l n EUGENE CALLANT
21 COLE AVENUE
SAdTO R. GAMACHE
63 BOOTH AVENUE
nin
63 CAPT.
CNARI.ES
CAUDE?
COURTOIS D R I V E
h/M NORRAND CAUDSTTE
221 P A R T I T I O N STREET
GERARD d GAUZHIER
140 UILDYOOD D R l V E
MOST REV. LOUIS E. CELI'4EAU
1 CATHEDRAL SOUARE
RONALD C . CELISSE
817 COPEMAN
BEN CERO
2 R l D L W ROAD
GRANVILLE
RAYMOND SERVAIS
119 W R R I T AVENUE
YUETTE C!I;UERE
75 B W L . TRUOEL, EST
MCRCEL CELIHAS
5 HBPFERON ROAD
W E CLAIRE CIRaRD
RR 3
STEPHEN CIROUARD
67 JOHNSON STREET
MARIANNA GOOD
8912 FRANKLIN AVENUE
HELENE Y COUDREAU
37 COLONIAL YAY
R2HERT F COUDREAU
W BOX 277
REV. ALBERT COUI.ET
PO BOX 208
?ICHERP F GOULETTE
2 HUYLER COURT
KOBERT CRAVELIiiE
33 SYKES
NANCY CRAVES
UT 1, BOX 21%
V I V I A l - (.:EER
225 BATERAN .AVE!:!JE
DORIS CI.EER
311 ARDRIOh'E AV:!UE
RGSERT 9. CUERTIN
RR 2
LEON CUIbOND
17 BAXiiET'I ROA?.
CRS VALERIE HABEF 6OUN
RT 4
CWIBERLAND
RI
02864
BELLIHCHIIR
RA
02019
PROVIDENCE
02906
RI
PAYTUCKET
kI
02861
ATTLEBORO
nn 02703
YARUICK
F:I
02866
OH
43023
PROVIDENCE
R1
02903
FLINT
HI
46504
HYDE PARK
HA
02126
COVENTRY
RI
02816
ST. BONIFhCEn W E
COX 210
UILBRAHOM
ll4
01905
COLBORNEI ONTARIO
KOK 1S0
PAUTUCYET
RI
02660
C I C HARBOR
UA
98335
REMlsOTH
nA
02769
CHEPACHET
RI
02614
-BRIDGE
WI
01550
SETAUYET
NY
11733
PALRER
MA
01069
LONEDELL
MO
63060
CRANSTOP
RI
02920
TRENTON
NJ
CRA:;E
HF.:';CC:
MRS CLAVIN HAHLOY
BOX 6'iEv Y H I T E P I N E DR.
6141 A'VALON DRIVE
29 CLAST0t.BlJRY
AV
"!:
00629
NORTH SC:TUATE
RI
02857
ENFIELD
CT
06082
CUMBERLAND
YI
54829
EUREKA
CA
95501
ROCKY H I L L
CT
06067
NAME
ATTENTION
CITY
ST
LOUIS E. HARPER
2700 E, BEVERLY ROAD
HARK:;
303 CLINTON STREET
nnz
PUBLIC LIBRARY
WEBAG?
7 SCHOOL SThEit,
6305 UlNDECrERE C:XLE
ANNEtiE T HEBEUT
4833 QOSEYOOD AVEHVEt 83
RONALD C. HESOUX
5 4 ARTHUR Sf kZEi
YVETTE HEROUX
43 GARNET STZEET
ANNE
t;.
HETU
1176 CALTZZOCI COUST
CLAIRE HOUARD
494 CENTRkL AVENUE
FLOREHCE E. JOBIN
5 PEACH ORCHARD DRIVE
PETEh JDHHSON
4 LYNDON STiiEET
RIVERSIDE
kOSALIE JOHNSON
229 PARK AVENUE
EnILIENE JOYAL
9 2 2 NEYPORT AVENUE
ADELAIDE n IEATINC
13t. ELDRIDCE STREET
SHAF?N KURAR
3593 POST ROAD, 8 ~ 2 0 4
CORINNE h. LABBE
4 UNIOt4 AVENUE
CEORCE LAPONTt
RFD 2. POTTER VILLACZ RWD
W R I F L 0. LABRIE
6 4 BLOODGOOD STREET
DANILL J LACOnBE
PO BOX 152
LOUISE LACOSTE
212 PROVIDENCE STRE??
I/*
'Ell+
LAFAYETTE
NlCH4EL LAFOiEST
1 ~ 1 ICE LAFSANCE
?O
4 ERIC ROAD
nARC A LACCSSE
1710 HAYES STREET
JAY'
BOX 421
LAtiF
.
8 5 LEBRUN AVENUE
604 EHSLEY DR'.*E. RT
JUDCL/i'lRS. RONALD LACOF':
9 0 CREENUOOD AVEN:'
FRANC:S
PINE ORCPARD ROAD1 PFD 2
LAMkRE
I"/* EDUA4D J LA7lONTACNE
15 HCIIOKUIIL;ILAtlE
n/li
20 DCtROIT AC'ElrlJE
THOPIAS LAnORA
CODE
SHOREYOOD
Yf
S3211
UOONSOCKET
Ri
02895
nARIIIN
RA
02378
ROCKVILLE
nD 20852
LOS ANCELEE
CA
90004
YEST UARUICK
RI
02893
UBST YARUICI
RI
02893
YESTLAKE VILLACZ
CA
913.5:
SEEXONK
0277:
MA
BOX 581
RAYMOND J HEBEKT
Z:P
RI
02915
YARREN
RI
02685
CRINSTON
RI
02903
PAYIUCIET
RX
0286:
CRAWSTON
RI
0291'2
YARL'ICX
RI
028b.5
NORTH PROVIC::{CE
RI
02:'Gj
DUDLEY
nA
01570
PAUTUCKET
RI
02861
ALBION
RI 02802
YOONSOCKET
RI
02895
YOONSOCKET
RI
02895
KNOXVILLE
TN 37920
NORTH DAliT8CUTH
I'iA 02747
NISHVILLE
TN
372113
RRDUNSVILLE
CA
95919
RWFORD
RI 02916
CHEPACHET
RI
02908
cunBETtL.w:j
H!
02864
YARREN
R1
O2nn'i
.
I3finE
ATTENTION
ADDRESS
Ei SENE A LAIIOTNE
2 6 1 NELCURY S:REET
ROSE LAM:lTHE
5 8 0 2HD ST.,
~124.4 n L n n o u R E u x
UEAVER H I L L LOAD, 6
CITY
ST
Z I P CODE
611 BOX 435
JCSEPHINE LANDREY
3 3 4 CONESIDGA ROAD
RAYMOND LANTHlER
3 2 3 TIFFANY STREET
ROLAND E I.APLURE
1 8 8 SUUTER STREET
L I O N E L LAPOINTE
, 0 3 3 SPENCER STREbT
N / n NORNAND LAPOjNTE
3 0 ELnChEJT DRIVE
E R I L E LfiriEAU
10 CEDAR SThEE?
PAUL L A I E A U
1 8 9 1 ASHI AND AVFNIJE
AI3E LARIVlERE
4 7 SPOFFORD AVENllE
R/M KENNETH L A V O I E
UILNARTH ?DAD
ROBERT C LAVOXE
2803 L u n A x COURT
RC7RERT F.LEAVITT
1 9 3 RUSTY LANE
J RICHARD I.EBEL
1 6 5 GILBERT STKEET
LEO LEBEUF
1 3 6 JOHN S l KEET
GASPARD LEBLANC
9 8 LOUNSBURY STRk?T
NEHRI LEBLOND
8 8 JOHN SlREET
\
1
UALTER L E C L A I R
7 9 EVERETT STREET
RRS JOHN B LEHNEIS
BOX 6 9 1 RD a 2
PAULINE E LEMIRE
5 4 3 SOUTH U A I h STKEET
HcaoLD
c
5 HOUNTCIt-UIEU STKEET
C'.OERT
N ,.EPAIN
LENO
4 4 OLIVER STREET
R3DnLPEE LZSSARD
3 2 4 0 KUE F I SJARI RONTI E T I
Wi? ARMAND LETOUHNEAU
6 2 SLCTEC ? A R K AVtt,IIE
KRS LORETTA LEVESOUE
4 CATHFDiAL s 0 . 1 A 3 1 2
K / a ROMEO J 1.EVHellLT
1 6 v OAKrAND STYECT
ALCIOE L'nBUREUX
bUKNT H I L L ROAD
ARTHUR L I i t l T T E
472 CASKILL STREW
PEABODY
MA
01960
SUMAS
UA
98295
UEST 0REEI;UICH
RI
02816
UAYHE
PA
:YO87
ATTLEPlJiiG
nA
02703
PROVIDENCE
RI
02907
F A L L R:VEH
nA
02721
PAUTUi:I(ET
RI
02841
HOPXI 11t;TflW
MA
0174e
ST. PAUL
MH
55104
UARUICK
RI
02888
CHEPA"HET
RI
02814
UALDORF
MD
20601
R0CHES':EFI
MY
14624
MANSFILED
MA
02048
PAUTUCKET
RI
02861
YATERVJRY
CT
04706
PAUTUCKET
RI
0781.1
PAUTUt' KET
RI
02861
EGG HARROR
NJ
08215
UOONSOCKRT
RI
02895
flJNTF'E:.iER
VT
05602
SOUTHBRIDGE
01550
MA
UONTRFAI.. OVCBEI'
H3T 1.19
PLUTUCKET
RI
02861
PROVIDENCE
R1
02903
FaLL RIVER
MA
07720
NOPE
RI
02831
UOONSOCXET
UI
02895
#EM NG
MAAT.
ATTEN? :ON
ADDRESS
3603 1 L.A. PUPL7T LIBRARY (CENI
630 W. 5TH STREET
9379
PRECILLE H flACCAY
14707 40TH NE
0575
LILLIAN MACLURE
11 FAIRUOOD DRIVE
,9141
NORMCND MAIGRET
0264 1 MAINE STATE LIBRARY
158 POMONA AVENUE
LnA BLDC* STATION 64
0150 F
L/M ALFRED MARCHAND
194 LOGEE STREET
0572
MRS RHEJFANNE D MARECXAL
39 WOCDLAWN PD1 UNION VILLAGE
0034 L
DOLORES MARTEL
40 HANSION STREET
0069 L MKS CECILF, RARTENS
515 PROVIDENCE STREET
0512 F
n/n
EX
nnssoc
PO BOX 215
0439
HELEN MAXSON
MACCEGOR DRIVE, RFD 1
DONALD L MARTIN
41 hBALONE DRIVE
0667
LOUISE MAYNARD
806 CONCORD PLACE
0199
LORRAINE MOYHIXAN
119 YOODHAVEN ROAD
5598 F
DONNA 5 M R l E RCINTYRE
129 YOOD STREET
0018 L
JEANNE772 HENAKD
31 CALDER STREET
0420
ALBERT E MENARD
388 ELM STREET
1:86 F
n/n BERNARD
c
MERCIER
0312 L MARIE MERCURE
1542 MAIN ROAD
IRONSlilNE STRZ:::
0032
HOWARD MERSEREAU
389 BULLOCKS POINT AVENUE
0640
PATRICK MICHAIJD
3 2 UILMOT 6VERLiE
0195
ADELARD SICHAUD
350 RUE XARCHAND
0616 I nINt4. GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY
PO BOX 16065'
C.623 F
#/PI
4 0 CENTRAL AUANLIE
C240
PETER L MOKEALI
0607
PETER ~ O N G F C ~ l
F n/M UILFRED
6
nORlN
2 nAIN STREET
199 SOUTH 5AIN STREET
5276
PAUL E MORIN
35.5 LINCOLN AUE:I'!E
0066
ALBERT UOYEN
1322 OLD RI'.'JR ROAD
0348
ROBERT MULCAHY
153 NANCY COORT
-85-
CITY
ST
ZIP CODE
LOS ANGELES
CA
900:;
SEATTLE
UA
98155
CRANSTON
RI 02920
PROVIDENCE
RI
02908
NIGUSTA
nE 04333
YWNSOCKE T
HI
02895
YOONSOCKET
RI
02895
BELLINCHAI!
MA
080:Y
YOONSOCKET
RI
028YS
SAUNDERSTOLN
Rl
02874
ASHLAND
HA
01721
MAHOPAC
NY
10541
m
NY
13440
YOM(SOCKET
RI
02895
HOPKINCTOH
MA
01748
PAYTUCKET
RI
02861
UOONSOCKET
RI Q2b95
TIUERTON
RI
02478
HILLUILLE
RA
01529
RIVERSIDE
RI 02915
NORY ICH
CT 06350
DRUNRONDVILLE. R!
J2C 4N9
ST. PAUL
MN
55116
ATTLEBORO
MA
02703
ALBION
RI
02802
ATtLEBORO
MA
02703
CRANSTON
RI
02920
nhNVILLE
RI
02838
YOONSOCKET
RI
02895
CITY
Z I P 'CODE
ST
S GENTIAN ROAD
MARY LOU 11URPHY
15 BROOKUOOD Df;IUE
XRS HELEN RURRAY
H I L L STREET
MILDRED L HAVARRO
716 ~ C C A N N DRIVE
RR 1, BOX 1044
NELSCt<
b'.!TA
I
D O P I S T t: IhLET
5773 LAWISTI DRIVE
NYTF 6 C H I
PO POX 26372
LL.':
3226 SOUTN JEFFERSON
0R'O:ER
7 LIVEHLAND
:C?ISTA*EL
35 FINCH STREET
RC.,r4LD YAilllETTE
358 POUER ROAD
RbTH PAOlJETTE
443 N. 3 l S T STREET
PAUL PARADISE
9337 CHERRY BROOK
h R S LORRAINE PhRENT
16 PLAY ROAD
YALTER PASSINO
5960 KELTON AVENUE
R.?UALD J P4TRY
17524 S . FICCEZOR S 7 . r
'>ZONORE A PATTEN
17691 BELL CItEEX LANE
RECIrALD F'.>OUIN
166 LINCOLN STREST
PAYTUCUET PUBLIC I.::.RARY
13 SUNUER STREET
S X A N L PEARSON
15895 I L I A D
.,-.
-,',ERT
21 CARRIER AWEb
R. PELLAND
JEAN- P I ::BE P E L L E R I N
RPYIOND PF!.!.ETIER
:'7':E
PELC2UIN
JEAItNETTE F'ENNACHI
5/h
;E3R?Z
U
PERRON
. 7456A RUE S T .
:E
DEtiIS
119 SUnMIT AWEt:UE
135 CENTRAL STREET
49 CONNEETIOH 8 7 ' .:.KT
147 R A I L W A D STREET
J C W PETERSON
3563 FT VBhDE R o e 6 9 6 - 1
C' ORCE b P E T R I N
71 STATLER AVEtIUE
PAUL H PHINEUF
25 CREYSTUNE ROAL
i.k'::OWD
24 R I C E STREET
PICHETTE
NORTON
11A
02766
YESTPORT
HA
02790
BLACKSTONE
MA
01504
ALEXAdDH 1 4
LA
71301
11UNISINC
49862
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22310
S T L O L I ~ SPARK
UN
55426
SYRINCFIELD
110
65807
MILFORD
06460
CT
PAYTUCKET
R1
02866
IIILYAIJKBE
U1
53208
ST. LOUIS
I 0 63126
ENFIELD
CT
Oh082
L h MESA
tA
92041
YINTNROP
MA
02152
PAUlllCYET
RI
52860
CETROIT
HI
48223
BELLINCHAR
I(&
02019
RONTRkAL, QUEBEC
H2R 2E4
COVBNTRY
R7
02816
RAHSPIELD
PlEn NO NAFE
ATTENTION
CITY
ST
0104
nks T~ERESEYoLIauxN
88 UOODWARD LVENUE
0023
CABRIELLLE P9ULIOT
2065 nENDON ROAD* nF'T ;':2
5518
DONALD PREST3Y
7 SACHEM STREET
0286 F M/X GErRCE A PROULX
2z= 7 ~ 4 '
0565 F il/M DAVID PROGLX
ROBE::
0490
A YrouLx
144 HAF'LE STREET
13 OAXDALE STREET
80 BURCESS AVENiJE
0461
DORCTHY PEOULI
BOX 276
0292
HFLEt4 D RilIWTAL
1279 HIGH STREET
ROBE::
28 FELSnERE AVE3UE
0004
L
2UIHTlN
PSUL OU:':5:8.
381 5. QUAKER LAllE
CEORCL n RETELLE
3013 VINSETTA BLVD
RORER:
2 DOROTHY LANE
C1
A
k'E'&.!
D
RI HISTORICAL socIETr
121 HOPE STREET
THERESE C RICHARD
206 FOREST AVENUE
M/M RAYXOND RICHARD
215 SLATER PARK AVENUE
ESTELI b RICHER
17 LAKE SHORE DRIVE
JEAN-LEO RIENDECU
123 UINTNROF STREET
ADRIEN L RINCUETTE
17445 COUNTY BOAD 10
R/M ROBEHT RIOUX
701 LOWER RIVER ROAD
ROBERT A RIVERS
112 INCLEUOOD DRIVE
0589
ncn DONAT
PO BOX 90
0101
EVA ROCHEI.EAU
614 COTTAGE STREET
0438
LUCILLE ROCHELEAU
RPD 2 , BOX 64, YEWENT RDAD
3273
CIL!ES
20 LEDCE DRZVE
0065 L
LUCILLE ROCK
463 SOUTH nnIu CTREET
"44
FRANCIS RORF'nE
8 BUTTERNUT K I D W ROAD
5014
M R I E ROY
1 HOLLY STREET
WOHICHAUD
0489 L ?I25 THERESE ROY
0117
RRO. GERALD A ROY
70 SUPERIOR
U:EW
LIVD.
329 U. lO8TH STREZT
06119
ROYAL OAX
HI 4807-1
MILLBURY
MA 01527
PROVIDENCE
R1 02906
SEEKDNX
MA 02771
PAUTUCXET
RI 02841
BELLINCHAR
MA 02019
UOONSOCKET
RI 02895
BRISTOL
IN 46507
LINCOLN
RI 02865
GLEN BURNIE
MD 21061
BERESFORD* NB
EOB IN0
PAUTUCKET
Rl
?OCK
ZIP CODE
SEEKONK
MA 02771
CUMBERLAND
RI 02864
PAYTUCXET
RI 02861
ATTLEBORO
nA 02703
ATTLEBORO
MA 02703
PAUTUCKEl
R1 02861
UARREN
RI 02885
CENTRAL FALLS
RI 02863
PAUTUCKET
RI 02861
UEST HARTFORD
02861
LISBON
CT 06351
CRANSTON
RI 02920
UOONSOCKET
RI 02875
YATERVBURY
CT 06706
ATTLEBORO
!lA 02703
NORTH PROVIDENCE
RI OZ9ll
NEU YORK
.
CITY
ST
Z I P CODE
hME
ATTENI' : ON
IEBR;
ROY
MRS MADb.LEINE RYAN
8803 HUNTING LAtlE
1204
POLE 1161FOUGL45 HOOK ROAD
ELEANOR SnWYER
173 LONDON AVENUE
BEATRICE C SAUYER
23 BELnUDA ROAD
LAUREL
MD
20811
CHEPACHET
R1
02814
F'AUTUCXET
?I
JEANNETTE SCHOENR .HGER
171 MONTII.ELLO ROAD
R I T A J SLOAN
SHARP STREET* RFD 2
COL. LECNARD H SMITH* JR
1660 HARMONY DRIVE
MRS B A R 2 R A S l l I T H
345 S CNLHRY
LPURE A SMITH
704 N CREEN STREET
ALBERT SMITH
33 RUE PIMSONNEAIILT
02861
UESTPORT
CT
06880
PAUTUCKET
Oi't:61
RI
YEST U E E N U I C H
02816
RI
CLEARUATER
FL
33516
ITASCb
IL
50143
YkTEE CENTER
KS
66793
ST JEAN. QUEBEC
J3H 5N4
2418 N 82ND STREET
D t ST BONIFACE
LA SOCIETE HIST0F;IQUE
R M E O A SOUCY
C.P.
ITARCEL A ST DENIS
71 E R A I N STREET
125
608 MENDON ROAD
CHARLES N. ST. CEnlRCE
120 DELMACE ROAD
ANNE-MAXIE S T * JSAN
62 BAYtlARD STREET
ITRS CAROLE A STf<EE1
4 STRATP3RD Lt:.
JE3HNE SUISZCZ
34 CHICOPEE STREET
PAUL TAl.aOT
5 UILLOU LANE
ARTHUR M TESSIER
168 CREELY STREET
K/K FLEURETTE THE , $ 3 k ~
808 CENTRAL AVENUE
M/"
U A K E F THERIEN
APT 5 9 , le2 CURBERLAND STRXET
WI'>LACE THERIEN
510 SUNSET Ronn
DENISE THIYAULT
30 CASTLtWlOD DRIVE
PEARL I C l f i E A U L T
225 SkEEL S'TSEET
YII.LIAM 2 THIBEAULT
316 SHERMAN STREET
E L S I E L THORESEN
FR?NCIS TONDHEAU
20 BUTLER AVENUE
LUCY TO[ "1:I.L
PIEAD3UB1;OOK ROAD
UAUUATUSA
LI1
53213
ST BONIFACE, nAN
RZH 304
NORTH SMITHFIELD
11
02895
FALL RIVER
MA
02724
SUANSEA
MA
02777
PUTNAP
CT
06260
nT. LAUREL
NJ
08054
NEW BEDFORD
nA
07745
LEDY4SD
CT
06339
PAUTUCKET
RS
02681
PAUTUCK ET
RI
02DCI
YI~IINSO::KW
RI
J2895
h0t.Y3t: BEACH
FL
33435
PLEASANTON
Ck
94566
CHICOPEE
RA
01013
CANTON
na
02021
E. PROVIDENCE
HI
02914
CEKTHAL FALLS
32863
RI
YyC!5tL:r;
RI
02898
MER NO
NAME
ATTENTION
CITY
ST
0595 F M/M PAUL TREPANIER
17 VALERIE DRIVE
Obll P
n/U DAVID TUYAJ
19 BARNEY STREET
0012
VICTOR S TURENNE
224 SHAUMUT AVENUE
0007
LEO E TURENNE
3 3 UATERRAN STREET
0626 F M/M ARTHUR VADNAIS I1
324 GRAND STREET
0129
JOHN vnLoxs
1191 OLD COLONY ROAD
0639
UILFKED E VANIEUR
PO BOX 4609
0474
LOUIS VERTEFEUILLE
282 BLOOHFIELD STREET
ISABEL1 " VIAULT
4 8 STAR STREET
MAREJZRITE VIAULT
4 8 STAR STREET
GISELE VICEANT
232 SHAUMUT AVENUE
DIVISION DES BIBLlOTEOUES
VILLE DE MONTREAL
JEROt!; k YALLACE
5500 RUE FULLUM
MAkCLli 1. UHITFORD
P O BOX 100
RODERISK YILSCAM
24 VALLEY RROOX ROAD
BARBARA YOODRUFF
CHESTNUT HILL ROAD
N/M AUSTIN UYMGCK
21 CHURCH STREET
n/M PAUL V ZECCHINO
MAXSON HILL ROAD
37 FOX HILL ROAD
.
1515 S. RIRCH STREET
POPLAR STREET, BOX 73
ZIP CODE
ATTLEDORO
nn 02703
UARREN
RI
32385
CENTRAL FALLS
RI
02363
CUMBERLAND
RI
02864
PAYTUCXET
RI
02861
YALLINCFORD
CT 06492
STAMFORD
CT 06907
DENVILLE
NJ
07834
PANTUCXET
RI
02861
PAUTUCKET
RI
02860
PAYTUCXET
RI
02340
CENTRAL PALLS
RI
02863
HONTREAL, 8UE53C
H2C 2H3
SANTII ANA
CA
92707
UYDI(1NC
RI
02398
ROCXI HILL
CT 06067
BLOOnINCDALE
NY 12913
CHEPACHET
RI
02314
EAST PROVIDEVCE
RI
02914
ASHAUAY
RI
02804
FROM TKE MEMBERSHIP
--
COMMITTEE
Our Society has made tremendous progress in membership
this past year. With three months remaining in the current
~nembershipyear, we have enrolled 90 new members; about
twenty more than last year. In addition, we have lost fewer memberships through non-renewals than at any other
time in our history. The Society is entering a period of
growth. Our leadership is doing its best to sustain that
growth; the general membership can do its part too.
Simple arithmetic will show you that if every member
brought in one new member, our numbers would double.
Think about it...
On the previous pages of this issue is a complete
listi2g of all our active members as of 18 May 1982. To
save space, and eliminate duplication, only those new
members who enrolled after that date are included in the
new member list below.
dewde~belr~
0672 - Marjorie Bregar, 924D Avenida Majorca,
Laguna Hills, CA. 92653
0673 - Leo A. Mallette, 13110 S.Berendo, Gardena, CA. 90247
0674 - Ray Roberts, RR 1, Box 211, Albert Lea, MN. 56007
0675 - Robert L. Goyette, 24 Lydia Ave., No. Providence,
RI 02904
0676 - Mrs. Gloria Snethers, 1034 Summit St., Beatrice,
N'E 68310
0677% M/M Eugene M. Rheault, 124 Scenic Dr., Leominster,
MA. 01453
0678F- M/M George E. Christian, Jr., 1011 Cherokee Rd.,
Louisville, KY 40204
0679 - Mrs. Jacqueline L. Stagnaro, 342 Southwick Rd.,
Westfield, MA. 01085
0680 - Rev. J. Hector Geoffroy, 488 nord, St-CharlesBorromee, Joliette, Que. J6E - 4E7
0681 - Mrs. James Oulighan, 66 Boardman Ave., Cumberland,
RI 02864
0682 - Camille Letourneau, 24 Redwood Dr., Cumberland, RI
02864
- 90 -
0002L-Gerard Camire
0004L-Robert J. Quintin
0005L-Alfred Gaboury
0018L-Jeannette Menard
0034L-Dolores Martel
0039L-Paul P. Delisle
0044L-Robert Goudreau
0046L-Ronald Paquette
0052L-Roger Beaudry
0065L-Lucille Rock
0067L-Mrs. Calvin Harlow
0069L-Cecile Martens
0224L-Rev. Clarence 3.
d'Entremont
0312L-Marie Mercure
0334L-Lionel Lapointe
0340L-Gerard A. Cartier
0362L-Juliette Canuel
0441L-Dr. Ulysse Forget
0443L-Normand Varieur
0498L-Therese Roy
0587L-Mary T. Desrochers
0617L-Gerard J. Gauthier
0656L-Raymond J. Hebert
The new membership cards have been received from the
printer for those with the status of Life Member. They
will be inscribed with the member's name and laminated
in plastic. You should be receiving your card before
too long.
Nine life members are taking advantage of the installment plan that was announced earlier this year. Wit1
this method, the member makes ten payments of $15 each.
This is an excellent opportunity for those who cannot pay
the full fee in one lump sum. All Life Membership dues
are placed in a high-interest account and saved for future
special needs of the Society.
Paul P. Delisle, # 0039L
Chairman, Membership Committee
Quehy
Ssction
2
M a r r i a g e of F r a n c o i s X a v i e r B E A U L N E and
A n g e l e ST. DENIS. D a u g h t e r L o u i s a m a r r i e d
a t Roxton F a l l s t o Ovide L e g a u l t i n 18 69
( L u c i e n C h a r t r a n d , 122 W i l l i a m s St, W r e n t h a m ,
MA. 0 2 9 0 3 . , #513 )
(26.
M a r r i a g e of F r a n c o i s B E A U P R E and L o u i s e
RACINE, d a u g h t e r R o s e m a r r i e d a t St. L a u r e n t
( M o n t r e a l ) t o P i e r r e M o r a n d in 1787.
( #513 )
127.
M a r r i a g e of F r a n c o i s L o u i s B E R T R A N D and
M a r i e Anne F r e n c h e , s o n J a c q u e s m a r r i e d a t
St. J o a c h i m d e P o i n t e C l a i r e t o J o s e t t e L e g e r
i n 1816. ( #513 )
128.
M a r r i a g e of Antoine C a r r i e r , b o r n 1 Oct 1769,
son of Antoine & V e r o n i q u e P i c h e t t e , m a r r i e d
t o MARIE ANNE LETOURNEAU. Need d a t e &
p l a c e of m a r r i a g e and a l l d a t a on L e t o u r n e a u .
( B e a t r i c e C. S a w y e r , 2 3 B e r m u d a Road,
W e s t p o r t , C T 06880, #526 )
,
129.
Need a l l i n f o r m a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g L o u i s B o i s v e r t
and M a r i e L u c e WABARD, d a u g h t e r R o s a l i e
m a r r i e d David C a r r i e r 28 J a n 1845, L a u z o n
( #526 )
130.
JEAN GUILLAUhlE DUPERRON dit LAVERTU
m a r r i e d 14 F e b 1757 at St. Joachinl t o MARIE
J O S E T T E A L L A I R E . Need p a r e n t a g e of both.
( #526 )
CDonons to the 5lloisdte
Francis E. Tondreau
George Desbiens
R o b e r t Quintin
Leon F. Asselin
Lillian Maclure
Noella Bouliane
Lucien Bouffard
Loraine Boudreau
C l a i r e Howard
Jacqueline M. De Angelis
Lucille F. Rock
Pauline E. Lemire
R i t a J. Sloan
Emeline Proulx
Anonymous
L e a D. Berard
C e c i l e Martens
Romeo Levreault
Mr. & Mrs. Armand Letourneau
Paul Delisle
Normand G a u d e t t e
Henri Leblond
Albert Aubin
Donald Preston
Mr. & Mrs. Normand G a u d e t t e
Louis C. Gaboriault
Helen Quintal
J e a n n e Thibierge
Marie Roy
Mr. Gabriel Gadoury
Alfred Gaboury
Rev. Denis Boudreau
P a t r i c k Michaud
Raymond N. Cadoret
Gloria T. Demakis
Hermas Asselin
Mary Lou Murphy
Miss Muriel Labrie
Normand Margret
Rev. Clarence J. d f E n t r e m o n t
P e t e r L. Moreau
Denise F. L e Blanc
Barbara Woodruff
Snda
Raymond G. Blais
Maurice L a f r a n c e
L. M. C h a r t r a n d
Mrs. T h e r e s e R. R o y
J e a n n e Roy
Mary T. Desrochers
Mrs. Dorothy Ciriello
Mr. G e r a r d J. Gauthier
Fleurette Theberge
A r m a n d Belhumeur
P a u l E. Morin
Mrs. Eleanor Sawyer
Alice Tupaj
Ida M. Bluestein
L o r e t t a Levesque
Kenneth Fleck
A l b e r t C. Moyen
J e a n n e t t e Desroches
M a r c e l J. Gelinas
P a u l Talbot
Lucy Rawlings T o o t e l l
P a u l E. Morin
Doris G r e e r
Marianne Good
Anne Marie St. J e a n
Adelaide M. K e a t i n g
R e n e H. Bernier
Marcel A. St. Denis
Mrs. B a r b a r a F, S m i t h ,
T h e r e s e Poliquin
A. M. L a G a s s e
Diane & Nora Duprey
Lucille O r t n e r
Susan L. P e a r s o n
L e o Boudreau
J e a n n e t t e Menard
Mr. & Mrs. K e n n e t h L a Voie
A n i t a L. Nelson
Valerie Haberkorn
R o m e o A. Soucv
BUSINESSES & ORGANIZATIONS
Fournier & Fournier F u n e r a l Homes
L e Foyer
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gable 01 Contents - American-French Genealogical Society

Transcription

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The Cowl - Vol XXIX - No. 2 - Oct 05, 1966

The Cowl - Vol I - No. 13

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