Smart Living Handbook (Full version) Xhosa

Transcription

Smart Living Handbook (Full version) Xhosa
INKUNKUMA
yokuphila
I-ENEJI
INCWADANA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Ukwenza uphuhliso olusisigxina lube yimpumelelo kumakhaya aseKapa
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
Ukwenza uphuhliso olusisigxina lube yimpumelelo kumakhaya aseKapa
INKUNKUMA
Ipapashwe siSixeko saseKapa, 2009
UShicilelo lokuQala: Meyi 2009
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe lufumaneka kwiSebe loLawulo lweMithombo esiNgqongileyo
6th Floor
44 Wale Street
Cape Town
Tel/Umnxeba: (021) 487 2284
smartliving@capetown.gov.za
www.capetown.gov.za/environment
©City of Cape Town, AMATHEMBA Management Consulting, Sustainable Energy Africa
Incwadana yokuphila ngokulumkileyo: 978-0-9802784-1-5
Le ncwadana ishicilelwe kwiphepha eliLuhlaza elineMicu emiThathu lakwa-SAPPI,
isitoko samaphepha angeyongozi kokusingqongileyo enziwe ngemicu
yommoba engacocwanga ngeklorin ngenjongo yokuxhasa ukulinywa
kwamahlathi ngokuzinzileyo eMzantsi Afrika.
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
Ukwenza uphuhliso olusisigxina lube yimpumelelo kumakhaya aseKapa
Olu papasho luqulunqwe lwahlelwa ziiNgcali zoLawulo
oluZinzileyo kokuSingqongileyo abe-Sustainable Energy Africa and
AMATHEMBA Environmentala Management Consulting. Inkxaso-mali
nezimvo zifunyenwe kule mibutho ilandelayo:
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
Umbulelo
Le ncwadana, esekwe kwiNcwadi yesiKhokelo sokuPhathwa kokusiNgqongileyo kwiKhaya lokuLawulwa
kokusiNgqongileyo i-AMATHEMBA iphuhliswe egameni lesiXeko saseKapa yi-AMATHEMBA kwakunye nequmrhu leEneji esisiGxina e-Afrika, ukanti imizobo noyilo lwenziwe ngabakwaDotted Line Design.
Incwadi le ngumzekelo ophathekayo wolawulo lwentsebenziswano, exhaswe ngezimali sisiXeko saseKapa, iSebe
lePhondo lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo nokuCetywa koPhuhliso kwakunye neSebe likaZwelonke lemiCimbi
yezaManzi namaHlathi kwakunye nenkxaso evela kwinkqubo yeDANIDA yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo eziDolophini.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwencwadi enjengale kufune uphando, izigxeko-zincomo kwakunye neengcebiso ezisuka kumajelo
amaninzi ohlukileyo. Sivuma ngomkhulu umbulelo inxaxheba enikwe ngabo bonke abathe banegalelo kwiinkcukacha
eziqulathwe yile ncwadi.
IQumrhu loLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo i-AMATHEMBA: uBarry Wiesner, Tamara North, Stephen Davey
ICandelo leziCwangciso lesiXeko saseKapa: ISebe lokuLawula imiThombo yokusiNgqongileyo
IiNkonzo zoNcedo zesiXeko saseKapa: Amanzi, amaSebe eNkunkuma eQinileyo kwakunye neloMbane
Isebe lezokusiNgqongileyo neNzululwazi ngezemo-mhlaba, iYunivesithi yaseKapa: Kevin Winter
IQela leNtshukumo zoPhuhliso: Fikiswa Mahote
Abenzi-zazobe noyilo bakwaDotted Line Design: Doret Ferreira, Merylle Cornelson
IZiko loPhando nge-Eneji, iYunivesithi yaseKapa
I-Enviro Sense: Susanne Dittke
U-Eskom
I-Fairest Cape Association
Programme for Basic Energy and Conservation in Southern Africa
Umbutho wokhuselo ngokusetyenziswa kwamafutha i-LP Gas Safety Association
Umbutho wokusetyenziswa kweparafini ngokukhuselekileyo i-Paraffin Safety Association: Matt Nondwana
Umbutho wokukhathalelwa kohlaza iSteadfast Greening: Grace Stead
IQumrhu le-Eneji esisiGxina e-Afrika: Megan Anderson, Mark Borchers, Leila Mahomed, Audrey Dobbins
i-The Greenhouse Project: Dorah Lebelo
Ingabula-zigcawu ephuma kuSodolophu waseKapa
Ubungozi nomngcipheko weenguqu ezikwimozulu kokusingqongileyo nakuqoqosho buqondwa
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
kakuhle lihlabathi lonke.
Kananjalo siye siqonda ukuba imithombo yendalo namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele.
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi esikubonileyo kwisiXeko saseKapa kusenze sonke sakuqonda ukuba le
mithombo asinto esifanele kukuyijonga singayithatheli ngqalelo.
Ukucima kombane okwenzeke kaninzi luphawu lweengxaki zonqongophalo lwamafutha eefosili
kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kule minyaka izayo ngokukhula kweemfuno kunye nokunqongophala kwamafutha ezithuthi, kuza
kubiza kakhulu ukwenza umbane ngamafutha eefosili.
IKapa lidume kakhulu ngesikumkani seentyatyambo salo, kodwa nesi sikumkani sisengozini ngenxa
yotshabalaliso olwenziwa luphuhliso oluqhubekayo kwakunye noxinzelelo kokusingqongileyo olwenziwa lungcoliseko lomoya
kwakunye neenguqu kwimozulu.
IsiXeko saseKapa sisebenza nzima ukuzama ukwenza iinkonzo ezinikezwa uluntu zibe zezona zisisigxina nezigcinakalayo kangangoko.
Ukuze sikwazi ukufikelela nokuphumeza iinjongo esizibekele zona ngokunxulumene ne-eneji, amanzi, inkunkuma nolondolozo
lweentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili, isiXeko saseKapa sifuna ukuncedwa ngabantu baso.
Incwadana yokuphila NGOKULUMKILEYO iqulethe uthotho lwamanqanaba asebenzisekayo anokuthi amakhaya ngamakhaya aseKapa
awathabathe ze awasebenzisele ukwenza amakhaya akhuseleke, kongeke nemali lo gama bencedisa ekuphunguleni ukuthwaxeka
kokusinqongileyo nendalo yethu exabisekileyo.
La manyathelo aphandwe ngokugqibeleleyo ziingcungcu kwaye abonakalise ukuba angawenza umahluko. Amanyathelo la
kugqatyazwe ngawo kulula ukuwaphumeza kwaye angenziwa ngokulula ukuba abe yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Kananjalo incwadana yokuphila NGOKULUMKILEYO inika ingcaciso kwimibandela ephambili yamajelo okusingqongileyo esijongene
nayo silihlabathi kwanalapha phakathi esiXekweni.
Le ncwadana isekwe kwiNcwadana engokusiNgqongileyo emaKhaya yequmrhu i-AMATHEMBA engeNgcebiso zokuLawulwa
kokusiNgqongileyo kwakunye neNcwadi yeze-Eneji enge-Eneji esisiGxina e-Afrika ebhalwe yaphuhliswa nguSarah Ward. AmaSebe
esiXeko sethu aqinisekisile ukuba ingcaciso enikezwa yile ncwadana ichanekile yaye ayiphelelwanga lixesha, inika imboniselo eyiyo
yokwenzeka esiXekweni. ISebe lePhondo leNtshona Kapa lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo nokuCetywa koPhuhliso kwakunye neSebe
likaZwe-lonke lemiCimbi yezaManzi namaHlathi, anike le ncwadi inkxaso ngezimali, nto leyo ebonakalisa ulawulo lomfelandawonye xa
kufuneka kuliwe neengxaki ezinobuzaza zokusingqongileyo esijongene nazo kule mihla.
Ndiqinisekile ukuba bonke abo bathe bathabatha inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni kwale ncwadana engokusingqongileyo
baya kuziqenya xa bebona indlela evuthwe ngayo. Imiselwe ukuba ibe yintlahla-ndlela yazo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika ze ibe
ngumzekelo osebenzisekayo kwihlabathi wokuphuhliseka ngokusisigxina kwesixeko. Thina, sisisiXeko saseKapa, sikhuthaza bonke
abasebenzisi bayo ukuba bayonwabele ze bayisebenzise le ncwadi intle kangaka nephuphuma lulwazi
Helen Zille
USodolophu wesiXeko saseKapa
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Ku-intanethi yiya kuwww.capetown.gov.za/environment
ufumane izinto ezintsha malunga nokusingqongileyo, neenguqulelo
ezikwezinye iilwimi, neminye imithombo nezinto ezipapashiweyo
ngokusingqongileyo
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Contents
INTSHAYELELO......................................................................................................................................v
INKUNKUMA....................................................................................................................................... 1
Inkunkuma kwisixeko sethu................................................................................................................7
Inkunkuma ekwikhaya lakho...........................................................................................................13
Amanyathelo abonakalayo............................................................................................................16
Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nezibonelelo ezikhoyo..........................................................31
I-ENEJI............................................................................................................................................... 33
I-eneji kwisixeko sethu.......................................................................................................................38
Amandla kwikhaya lakho................................................................................................................47
Amanyathelo anokuphunyezwa....................................................................................................55
Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nezibonelelo ezikhoyo..........................................................73
AMANZI............................................................................................................................................. 76
Amanzi kwisixeko sethu....................................................................................................................81
Amanzi kwikhaya lakho....................................................................................................................87
Amanyathelo anokuthathwa..........................................................................................................90
Iindlela zonxibelelwano nemithombo yolwazi............................................................................101
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA............................................................................................................. 102
Izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwisixeko sethu.................................................................107
Izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nekhaya lakho okanye ingingqi ohlala kuyo............... 115
Amanyathelo asebenzayo............................................................................................................117
Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nezibonelelo ezikhoyo........................................................125
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INTSHAYELELO
IKapa - Cape Town - Kaapstad – sisixeko esinguNozala (Mother City) wazo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. IKapa
sesona sixeko sidala kweli lizwe, intloko-dolophu yowiso-mthetho yoMzantsi Afrika neziko elibalulekileyo lorhwebo
nokhenketho. Emva kweeyurana nje ekhululwe eluvalelweni, uNelson
Mandela wenza intetho yakhe yokuqala esidlangalaleni kwivaranda
ephezulu yeHolo lesiXeko saseKapa – ememezela isiqalo sexesha elitsha
“Oyena mceli-mngeni mkhulu
ezimbalini zeli lizwe laseMzantsi Afrika. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi iKapa
esijongene naye kule nkulungwane
laziwa kakhulu ngobuhle balo ngokwendalo – iNtab’ eTafile, unxwema
leCape of Good Hope kwakunye neCape Flats, nalapho ubomi
intsha kukuthatha ingcingane
obubodwa bezityalo bukhoyo. IFeynbhosi, okanye ‘amatyholwana
ekhangeleka ifihlakele – uphuhliso
ashinyeneyo’ yimithana nezihluma ezibutyholwana ezingalahli
olusisigxina nolugcinakalayo – siyenze
magqabi ebusika nezisoloko ziluhlaza, eyaziwa jikelele ngophawu
lwayo olulodwa lobukho kweprotiya phakathi kwayo. IFeynbhos
ibe yinto eyimpumelelo yemihla
ayikho enye indawo efumaneka kuyo ngaphandle kommandla
ngemihla kubo bonke abantu
ogudle unxweme lweKapa, iintaba ezikufuphi nonxweme kwakunye
neenkcochoyi zeentaba ezithile ezithe gqa-gqa phakathi ezweni.
beli limiweyo.”
USinga-siqithi weKapa likhaya kuma-3-000 eentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo.
I-190 lezi zityalo azifumaneki nakwenye indawo apha ehlabathini
Kofi Annan, USosiba-jikelele
ngaphandle kwalapha.
woMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo,
IKapa laziwa kakhulu ngobuhle neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili
Matshi 2001.
ezifumaneka kulo. Nakubeni kunjalo, lijongene nemiceli-mngeni
yamajelo yokusingqongileyo enzima kakhulu. Uphuhliso lommandla
kwakunye nongcoliseko lutshabalalisa amakhaya endalo, nto leyo
ebeka emngciphekweni wentshabalalo izityalo ezininzi ezizodwa, amasele anqabileyo nezinambuzane ezihlala
kula makhaya. Ukufudumala okukhulayo kwihlabathi okubangelwa kokukhutshwa ziinqwelo-mafutha nemvelisombane kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kubo bonke ubomi kwisiXeko sethu. Amajelo amanzi aye enqongophala
ngokukhawuleza kwaye neetiphu ziyagcwala.
Kananjalo iKapa linophawu olucacileyo lomahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu. Abanye abemi
beKapa basebenzisa amanzi, umbane, amafutha nepetroli eninzi kwaye bavelisa inkunkuma eninzi ngokunokude
kodlule ummi waseMelika okumndilili, lo gama abanye basahlala kwimizi emininzi enempompo enye yamanzi,
besebenzisa amafutha ayingozi anjengeparafini ukupheka.
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Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
Singenza ntoni ngoku? Singanako ukuguqula izinto senze umahluko?
I-Eneji, amanzi, inkunkuma kwakunye neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili kokusingqongileyo kwethu
Ngalo lonke ixesha ulayita isibane sikagesi, uqhuba inqwelo-mafutha yakho, uvulela amanzi etephini okanye ulahla
inkunkuma yakho, wenza isigqibo esichapazela okusingqongileyo. Amajelo endalo – amanzi, amalahle, i-oyile,
umhlaba, impepho – aya kutsha okanye aphele ukuba siwasebenzisa ngesantya esingaphezulu kwexesha alifunayo
ukuze azizalise kwakhona. Kukho imiqondiso emininzi eyalatha ukuba oku sele kuqalile ukwenzeka.
Ifuthe lokuthwaxeka kwendalo ngamakhaya likhulu kakhulu. Ukuze siqinisekise ukuba sinamajelo oneleyo aza
kusithwala – aza kwanela wonke umntu kwimihla esiphila kuyo kwanemihla ezayo – kufuneka siwaphathe kakuhle
amajelo ethu, sisebenzise oko sinako ngobuchule nangokufanelekileyo. Uninzi lwethu luyazi ukuba kufanelekile
ukuba sikwenze oku, kodwa kumathuba amaninzi asiqinisekanga ngeyona-yona nto ekufanele siyenze nendlela
ekufanele siyenze ngayo. Le ncwadana ijolise ekukunikeni iinkcukacha malunga namanzi, inkunkuma, i-eneji
neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili kwakunye nezinto eziphathekayo ubani anokuzenza ukuze kubekho inguqu –
ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ukulondoloza imali nokwenza amakhaya ethu abe ziindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuhlala.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba singawenza umehluko. Ngekilowathi-ngeyure (kWh) nganye othintele ukuyisebenzisa,
wonge ngaphezulu kwekilogram yeKharbon dayokhsayidi (CO2) engeyivulelekile yaya kwi-atmosfera. IKharbon
dayokhsayidi (CO2) inkqenkqeza phambili kwizinto ezinegalelo ekufudumaleni kwehlabathi; nkqubo leyo
zithi iinzululwazi ikhokelele ekunyukeni komndilili weqondo lobushushu kwihlabathi ngaphezudlwana nje
kwesiqingatha seqondo ngeSelsiyas kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo kwaye lingaqhubeka nokwenyuka eli
qondo lobushushu de libe phakathi kwe-1.4 – 5.8 °C ekuzeni kusithela kwale nkulungwane. Ukufakela isibane
esibengezelayo esibumbeneyo esine-11 leewathi (CFL) endaweni yesibane esiqhakazelayo esinama-60 eewathi
kungonga ama-570kWh kubomi beso sibumbeneyo sibengezelayo – nto leyo inokonga ngaphezulu kweekilogram
ezingama-570 zekharbon dayokhsayidi.
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ngokulumkileyo
Ukusindisa umhlaba nenzuzo yokwenza oko
Eyona nto imnandi ngokulondoloza amanzi nombane nokucutha inkunkuma kukuba oku kuya kongela wena
nesiXeko saseKapa imali eninzi edingekayo! Amanyathelo acetyiswayo kule ncwadi ayafikeleleka kakhulu
ngokwamaxabiso kwaye kulula nokuwenza. Xa ithe into ethile yanexatyiswana eliphezulu, mhlawumbi ukufumana
isifudumezi-manzi sesola, ingcaciso uyayinikwa engesithuba sexesha elinokuthathwa siso ukubuyekeza iindleko
zokufakelwa kwaso xa ithelekiswa nombane onokuwusebenzisa kwangelo xesha linye.
Enye into ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge kukuba xa uthenga isixhobo sombane, awuhlawuli nje eli xabiso ulibonayo koko uyazibophelela ekuqhubekeni uhlawula iindleko zokusisebenzisa esi sixhobo ngalo lonke ixesha sisetyenziswa
nguwe. Ezi ndleko zamanzi ne-eneji zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa uthenga isixhobo, khumbula ukuba ufumene
lithuba elingcono lokutshintshela kwisixhobo esiyakuthi sisebenzise i-eneji namanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Kuqhelekile ukuba ezi zixhobo zingaxabisi kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo ezingasebenziseki kakuhle, kwaye ziya
kukongela imali ekuhambeni kweminyaka nanjengokuba ii-akhawunti zakho zamanzi ne-eneji ziya kuhla.
Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadana
Ingaba unqwenela ukuthenga isixhobo esitsha? Ukuguqula uhlaziye indlu yakho? Ingaba ufuna ukuphatha
kakuhle uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwanyanga-zonke lwakho? Sonke singathanda ukuthatha izigqibo ezifanelekileyo
ngokuphathelene nolawulo lwamakhaya ethu – ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono ngempilo yethu, ukhuseleko nezipaji
zethu, kodwa singakushiyi ngasemva okusingqongileyo. Le ncwadana inengcaciso esebenziseka kakuhle kakhulu
nezilumkiso ezisebenzisekayo ezinokukunceda uthathe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ukucutha ukusebenzisa kwakho
amanzi ne-eneji nokucutha inkunkuma owukhuphayo. Kananjalo ikwanika ingcaciso ngendlela esinokugcina ngayo
indalo yomelele kwaye izintlobo-ntlobo ezininzi kangangoko kwihlabathi lethu. Ezi zinto zinokwenziwa zingakongela
imali kwaye zinokuphucula umgangatho wempilo nokhuseleko kwikhaya lakho. Kananjalo ziyakucutha ifuthe lethu
elibi kokusingqongileyo.
Le ncwadana iqulethe ingcaciso eninzi kwaye sicebisa ukuba uzinike ithuba lokuyifunda – kunganzima kakhulu
ukuzama ukwenza izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Mhlawumbi kungangcono ukuba uzisikele ixesha lokwenza
imisebenzi emitsha ngokweeveki.
Incwadana le yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane: Inkunkuma, I-Eneji, Amanzi neeNtlobo-ntlobo zeziphili. Icandelo
ngalinye linamacandelwana amane:
•
•
•
•
izinto ezicela umngeni eziphathelelene nejelo elo;
izinto ezenziwa sisiXeko saseKapa ukulawula ijelo elo;
amanzi, i-eneji, inkunkuma neentlobo-ntlobo zeziphili ekhayeni lakho;
kwakunye namanyathelo asebenzisekayo – yintoni emayenziwe nendlela yokwenza oko – aya kukunceda akongele imali, aphucule umgangatho wokhuseleko ekhayeni lakho, kuliwe nobuhlwempu, kuliwe noku
guquka kwemozulu, kuphuculwe ubulunga bomoya ze kukhuselwe indalo yethu nokusingqongileyo.
Imisetyenzana nemifanekiso inikelwe ukuzamazamana nemiba ethile kwanokukhangela lula ulwazi. Imiba yempilo
nokhuseleko nayo ishukuxiwe kwicandelo ngalinye kula mathathu. Uququzelelo nomsebenzi wasekuhlaleni
ngundoqo wolawulo olulungileyo, amanyathelo aqalisiweyo ambalwa anomdla eKapa abandakanyiwe kwiingxelo
zophando ezimfutshane.
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Amakhaya aziintlobo ezahlukileyo ajongene nemiba eyahlukileyo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, amakhaya
anengeniso-mali eninzi anokufumanisa ukuba asebenzisa umbane omninzi ze afune iindlela anokuziphicotha
zokucutha ukusebenzisa kwawo umbane. Ukanti ikhaya elingeniso ingephi lona linokufumanisa ukuba eyona ngxaki
yalo inkulu yimpilo nokhuseleko ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kokusetyenziswa kweparafini. Sithemba ukuba le ncwdana
iya kusebenziseka kwaye ihambelane neemeko zamakhaya ethu onke eKapa, apho lithe icandelo elithile lakhangeleka
lingahambelani nemeko yakho, lishiye udlulele kwicandelo elilandelayo – okanye ukhangele ukuba awungeqwalaseli
imeko abajongene nazo abamelwane bakho kusini na.
Iimveliso ezisetyenziswayo ukuze kongeke amanzi ne-eneji ziyafumaneka eKapa kwiivenkile ezithengisa ngezinto
zokwakha nakubathengisi bemibhobho nezinto zokutywina nokuhambisa amanzi okanye nakwiivenkile zezinto
zombane. Iimveliso ‘zohlaza’ ezininzi ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezinkulu zengingqi ezithengisa ngezinto ngezinto.
Iindawo zethu ezithengisa ngezityalo zime ngembambo zizityalo eziziinkulelane kwaye ziyakuba nako ukukunika
isikhokelo nengcebiso yokuba zeziphi na izityalo ezinokulungela ummandla wakho.
Eminye yemithombo yolwazi nezalathiso ichaziwe kule ncwadana, kodwa ke isalathiso esipheleleyo malunga
nemithombo yolwazi ngokusingqongileyo esiXekweni ingafumaneka kwisaLathiso samaJelo angokusiNgqongileyo
esiXeko, kwiSebe lesiXeko loLawulo lwamaJelo angokusiNgqongileyo, kumgangatho wesi-6, e-44 Wale Street,
eKapa, inombolo yomnxeba ngu-(021) 487 2284, okanye i-imeyili: smartliving@capetown.gov.za okanye
ku-www.capetown.gov.za/environment.
Nceda qaphela ukuba amaxabiso neentlawulo-zinkonzo ezicatshulweyo kwitekisi ngawelixa loshicilelo kuphela, aya
kutshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Umhlaba sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo senkqunto – akukho nto iphela
emehlweni. Endalweni, ivili lobomi lihamba ngokwesixokelelwano
esibusazinge kwaye inkunkuma eqinileyo nengaqinanga sesinye isiphili
kwenye indalo ibe kukutya kwesinye. Amagqabi emithi awileyo ayabola
ze izondlo ziphindele emhlabeni, ukuze zibe kukutya kwemithi kwakhona.
Umceli-mngeni onomdla esijongene nawo isiXeko sethu kukuba siqalise
ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni apho kungekho nkcitho nankunkuma,
apho yonke into elahlwayo esiphelweni sobunye ubomi iba sisondlo
sobunye ngobugcisa obuthile okanye ngokwenkqubo yendalo.
INKUNKUMA
Ukuchaza inkunkuma eqinileyo
Inkunkuma esisiqina ihlelwa ngokwezintlu ezimbini: inkunkuma-jikelele nenkunkuma eyingozi.
Inkunkuma
Inkunkuma ayibeki abantu okanye okusingqongileyo emngciphekweni wentshabalalo yangoko nangoko kwaye
iquka inkunkuma yasekhaya, udothi wabakhi, amazala nenkunkuma yegadi, ukungcola okomileyo okukhutshwa
yimizi-mveliso nemizi yorhwebo. Naxa kunjalo nje, inkunkuma ingathi ngenxa yokubola okanye idibane namanzi,
ikhuphe ilitshethi – leachate (ulwelo oluhluzeka luvuze enkunkumeni) ekwaziyo ukungcolisa kwaye eneempawu
zokuba nengozi.
Inkunkuma eyingozi
Inkunkuma eyingozi inokwenza okanye ingangunobangela wengozi ngoko nangoko empilweni yoluntu okanye
kokusingqongileyo, mhlawumbi ngokunokwayo nje iyodwa okanye xa ithe yahlangana nolunye udidi lwenkunkuma.
Nantoni na enokuba nomsebenzi ekumgqomo wakho wenkunkuma (into enokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngomnye
umntu, irisayikilishwe okanye ilungiswe) akufanelekanga ukuba ibe lapho!
2
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
Inkunkuma, ungcoliseko nokusingqongileyo
Isingcolisi yiyo nayiphi na into engenakufunxwa, isetyenziswe okanye ilawulwe kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo,
amachiza ayityhefu agalelwa kwizixokelelwano zamanzi endalo naya konakalisa zonke izinto ezinobom kuwo.
Ungcoliseko lungazitshabalalisa izinto eziphilayo.
Ekugqibeleni inkunkuma ibuyela endalweni kokusingqongileyo – nokuba loo nto ithetha ukuba ibhotile yeplastiki
ingathatha iminyaka eliwaka ukwenza oko. Ukuba inkunkuma ayiphathekanga kakuhle, ithi ibangele ungcoliseko.
Njengokuba inkqunto iqalisa ukubola, ulwelo olaziwa ngokuba yilitshathi iyaveliswa. Ukuba akuthathwanga
manyathelo okuyicoca, ilitshathi ithi ityhefe umhlaba kwanamanzi aphuma ngaphantsi komhlaba. Yonke imihla
kucocwa amawaka-waka eelitha zolwelo oluyilitshethi eveliswe yinkunkuma etiphini eVisserhok, eKapa.
Ezinye zegesi eziphambili zendlu yohlaza, imitheyini (methane), iveliswa xa inkunkuma etiphini ithe yabola ngenxa
yokungabikho komongomoya. IMethane inobungozi ngokuphinda-phindwe kangangama-21-24 kune-CO2
nanjengoko igcina ubushushu obuninzi (obuthi bufudumeze umhlaba wethu, nto leyo inegalelo ekufudumezekeni
kwehlabathi) ze ihlale amakhulu-khulu eminyaka kwi-atmosfera yethu.
Ukuthethelela ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma eveliswayo
Inkunkuma ixabisa imali eninzi. Umhlaba sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo. Zonke izondlo namajelo akhutshwayo
kwisixokelelwano (ze angcwatywe etiphini, okanye atshiswe) ngamajelo esiphulukana nawo. Kananjalo inkunkuma
yonakalisa indalo esingqongileyo njengongcoliseko.
Inkunkuma esiXekweni ilawulwa, ngezi ndlela – iyaqokelelwa, ilahlwe ze /okanye iphinde isetyenziswe kwisibonelelo
sethu esiseAthlone sokuHanjiswa kweNKunkuma.
Inkunkuma esiyikhuphayo kwimigqomo yenkunkuma kumakhaya ethu veki neveki, ngenene nangenyaniso,
lithontsana nje. Kukho inkunkuma eninzi eshiyekayo xa kusenziwa yonke imveliso oyisebenzisa umhla
Uqoqosho oluyinkcitho: inkunkuma iyenzeka kuwo onke amanqanaba okukhutshwa, okuvelisa nokusetyenziswa kwezinto.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
3
INKUNKUMA
nezolo njengamaphepha, iimpahla, okanye ukutya. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-90% onke ezinto
ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso ethile aba yinkunkuma ngoko nangoko. Ukucutheka kwenkunkuma
kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko emandla ukucinga malunga nezinto nobungakanani bezinto ekufuneka sizisebenzisile.
Ukuveliswa kwephepha nje kuthatha iitoni ezili-100 zamanzi.
Ilitha nganye yotywala oyiselayo ithatha iilitha ezili-10 zamanzi asetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokudidiyela nokubilisa.
Ukuveliswa kweselula nje enye kufuna ama-75kg amajelo asetyenziswayo.
Ibrashi yamazinyo ifuna i-1,5kg yamajelo – amalahle, i-oyile namanzi – xa isenziwa.
Ukwenza inkunkuma encinane kuqinisekisa ukuba yinkunkuma encinane efika etiphini ze kuthi kube nokongenga
isithuba esinexabiso elikhulu. Le nto yenza ilibaziseke imfuneko yokulungisa iitiphu ezintsha, kulungiswa oko kuthi
kutshabalalise amakhaya endalo ezilwanyana nezinye iziphili.
Ukurhweba okuyinkcitho: inkunkuma idaleka kuwo onke amanqanaba okukhupha nokomba imveliso zokwenza
kwasekuqaleni, ekuveliseni nasekwenziweni kwemveliso kwanokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ngabathengi.
Suku ngalunye eKapa kuveliswa iitoni ezingama-6 000 zenkunkuma – malunga ne-1,7kg ne-2kg yenkunkuma ummi ngamnye ngosuku. Kuqikelelwa ukuba amakhaya anengeniso-mali eninzi anobutyala bokukhupha eyona nkunkuma ininzi – malunga ne-1,5kg yenkunkuma umntu ngamnye ngosuku, amakhaya
anengeniso encinane wona adala nje malunga ne-0,3kg yenkunkuma umntu ngamnye ngosuku.
Entshona Kapa ngonyaka kulahlwa inkunkuma enokwanela iilori ezifoliswe umgama olingana nokusuka
eKapa uye kuma eRhawutini – lowo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-1 200!
(Umthombo: Fairest Cape Association, 4th edition).
Yintoni itiphu?
Isiza setiphu yindawo yokuthumela inkunkuma yokugqibela ekhethwe, yakhiwa, yacetywa,
yaphononongwa ngobunjineli, ze ilawulwe ngobunzululwazi nangobugcisa. Kufanele ukuba ingabi kude
kuyaphi kwindawo ekudalwa kuyo inkunkuma ukuze iindleko zothutho zicutheke. ‘Izisele zenkunkuma’
ezitsha zala maxesha zidla ngokufulelwa ngeplastiki engenakuvuza ngaphantsi, ukanti uninzi lweetiphu
zakudala zisaxhomekeke kwizithinteli zendalo zomhlaba oludongwe ukuthintela ityhefu yelitshathi ukuba
ihlangane nezixokelelwano zamajelo endalo amanzi kwanamanzi aphansti komhlaba.
Mihla le inkunkuma ithuthelwa kwisiza setiphu esebenzayo apho yanekwa khona, ubunjwe ze igqunywe ngomhlaba,
isanti kunye nenkunkuma yabakhi ecocekileyo khona ukuze uthintelwe ekuphaphathekisweni ngumoya ze
usasaze izifo nezitshabalalisi zezinambuzane nezilwanyana. Xa ithe inkunkuma yapakishwa kakuhle naqinileyo
yaza yangcwatywa ukuze kuthinteleke ukubola okudalwa ziibhakteriya ezixhomekeke kumongo-moya, ihlala apho
naphakade. Kwitiphu yaseNew York eyombiwe kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kufunyenwe amaphephandaba
eminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo nasafundeka kakuhle kakhulu!
Kuya kuba nzima ngamandla ukufumana iitiphu ezilungileyo ngokwejoloji eKapa. Inkunkuma yethu kuza kufuneka
ihanjiswe umgama omde, nto leyo eya kuba ziindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kumakhaya ethu ngokuphathelele
kwimirhumo yokuhlawulela iinkonzo.
4
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
Kutheni singayitshisi nje inkunkuma yethu?
•
•
•
•
Ukutshisa inkunkuma kuthetha kuphela nje ukutshintshela ingxaki yongcoliseko yaphantsi yenziwe ibe yingxaki
yomoya.
Ukutshisa inkunkuma kutyhafisa iinzame zokuthintela inkunkuma. Izitovu zokutshisa inkunkuma zifuna
umthamo obonakalayo kwaye oza rhoqo ukuze kungabi ziindleko ezinkulu kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Kananjalo
zikwafuna umxube wenkunkuma oza kutsha kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze kucutheke
ukukhutshwa komsi oyityhefu. Iipakethe ezinjengamaphepha neplastiki, ekulula ukuzirisayikilisha kufuneka ukuba
zigcinwe nomxube wenkunkuma ukuze sitshiswe.
Imisi eyityhefu nomthuthu oyingozi kakhulu uphuma ekutshisweni kwenkunkuma equlethe imetyhuri, ilothe,
isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwesinyithi namachiza ayityhefu. Amaziko
anezitovu zokutshiswa kwenkunkuma avelisa eyona misi ikhutshwayo iyityhefu yaziwayo, equka iidioksini
neefyurani. Ngamanye amaxesha ‘amakhokho’ athi afumaneke ze kunyanzeleke abuyiselwe etiphini kwakhona
njengenkunkuma ekhethekileyo ze anyityiliselwe ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi kuba ayityhefu kakhulu.
Kuziindleko ezinkulu kakhulu eMzansti Afrika ukutshisa inkunkuma ngezitovu zoko xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlela
nokuvalela inkunkuma etiphini nanjengokuba inkunkuma kufuneka itshiswe kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu
lobushushu (900ºC) ukuze itshiseke kakuhle kucutheke nokungcola. Amakhulu-khulu amawaka eeranti athi
adingeke ukuze kwakhiwe ze kugcinwe iziko elinezitovu zokutshisa inkunkuma elisebenza kakuhle. Ukucuthwa
kwenkunkuma ngendlela eyiyo kunganqanda ukuba oku kuchazwe ngentla kungenzeki.
Inkunkuma asiyonkunkuma de ibe ilahliwe
Isixa esikhulu samajelo sisetyenziselwa ukudala imveliso esizisebenzisayo. Isininzi sala majelo asiboli endalweni.
Amajelo angenakuhlaziyeka asetyenziselwa ukwenza i-aluminiyamu, iplastiki neeglasi ezifumaneka kwiimveliso zethu
– ezisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ezi mveliso. Ukufumana izembiwa zala majelo kufuna i-eneji nemali kwaye kuyingozi
kwiindawo ezingamakhaya endalo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zoncedo nenzuzo efumaneka ekuphindeni
kusetyenziswe kwakhona okanye kurisayikilishwe uninzi lweemveliso
ezithathwa ‘njengenkunkuma’ kumakhaya ethu:
•
•
•
Isidingo sempahla yokwenza izinto ezintsha siyacutheka, nto leyo
icutha ukukhangelwa nokwembiwa kwamajelo angahlaziyekiyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-eneji namanzi kuya kuncipha nanjengoko
kuya kufuneka ukuba kurisayikilishwe izinto ezincinane xa kuthelekiswa nokwenziwa kweemveliso ezintsha ezikhutshwa (ezombiwa) emajelweni.
Xa impahla eninzi ifumaneka kwinkunkuma yethu
irisayikilishiweyo, incinane kakhulu inkunkuma enokulahlwa
kwiziza zeetiphu zethu.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
5
INKUNKUMA
Zinto zini ezingamajelo angahlaziyekiyo?
Ijelo elingahlaziyekiyo yimpahla esuka kwindalo yokwenza izinto, umzekelo i-oyile namalahle anqabe
kakhulu kwintlalo yethu (asetyenziselwa ukwenza zonke iimveliso zethu zeplastiki neepakethe ezithile). Ezi
zinto ziya kunqongophala ngokukhawuleza ukuba siqhubeka nokuzomba okanye ukuzikhupha ngesantya
esiphezulu esodlula isithuba sexesha elifunekayo lokuba zizenze okanye zizizalise kwakhona endalweni.
Ngokuphathelele ne-oyile namalahle, kufuneka iimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo okanye kuqingqithe izigidi
zeminyaka ukuze zibe nokudaleka. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukurisayilikishwa kwaloo majelo
ekugqibeleni kuwavumela ukuba athathe ixesha elide ukuphelelwa.
Ukurisayikilisha
Inkunkuma engenakuphinde isetyenziswe iye igqunyelelwe emhlabeni. Impahla elahlwayo enokurisayikilisheka
kwakhona efunyenwe kumgqomo wakho yaza yasinda ekulahlweni etiphini ingathathwa ngabantu abahlukileyo
(wena siqu, abaqokeleli mpahla namashishini abasakhasayo) bayise kwiziko ekuqokelelelwa kulo. Ezi ndawo
kuqokelelelwa kuzo impahla zilawulwa ngoonokontraka bengingqi kunye neSixeko. Kweminye iminandla kubakho
amaziko ayithengayo impahla kubaqokeleli ze abahlawule isixamali esithile ngaloo mpahla bayizisileyo. Le mali ke
kodwa ayininzi kuyaphi ngaphandle kokuba impahla leyo ngumthamo obonakalayo kwaye konke oku kuqokelelwa
kwempahla elahlwayo kwenziwa ikakhulu ngabantu abahluphekayo kusenziwa ngaphandle kolawulo olungqingqwa
ngasese.
Iimpahla ezihlelwe (zabotshwa) kakuhle ziba nexabiso eliphezulu. Amaxabiso ayehluka ngokulawulwa ziimfuno
zentengiso yemarike kwakunye nohlobo lweempahla. Ngokubanzi ezona mpahla zexabiso zirisayikilishekayo ziintsimbi, ubhedu, i-aluminiyamu, ixina, imetyhuri nezinki ezisuka kwizixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zikagesi zokulayita, izinxibo zezinyithi nezinto ezimenyezelayo nobukhazi-khazi, imibhobho nezinto zokutywinwa
nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, iintambo zegesi nempahla yokwakha.
6
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
INKUNKUMA KWISIXEKO SETHU
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Oomasipala banoxanduva ngokomthetho lokususa ze bachole inkunkuma kwiingingqi zabo. Ngoku wonke umasipala
kufuneka ngokoMthetho weziXokelelwano zikaMasipala ukuba alungise ze enze isiCwangciso esiBumbeneyo
soPhuhliso (IDP) nesiyakuthi sibandakanye ukuphuhliswa kwesiCwangciso soLawulo oluBumbeneyo lweNkunkuma
(IWMP). Ngoko ke isiXeko saseKapa sinoxanduva lokulawulwa nokucwangciswa kwemiba ephathelene nenkunkuma
ngokubanzi, kwaye siphuhlise umthetho kamasipala osalide ukuphunyezwa yipalamente equka imbonelelo ngezimali
yokuxhasa ukucuthwa nokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma.
Okwangoku isixa senkunkuma esiyidalayo eKapa yi-6% minyaka le – xa oku kuthelekiswa nokwanda kwabantu kona
okonyuka nge-2% nje kuphela. Iindawo eziziitiphu eKapa ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ngonyaka ka-2003 kuvalwe
itiphu yaseSwartklip yaza yona eyaseBrackenfell itiphu yavalwa ngo-2005 yaza eyaseFaure yavala ngo-2006. Izigidi
ezi-2.1 zeetoni zenkunkuma edaleka ngonyaka eKapa zilahlwa kula ashiyekileyo amanxiwa eetiphu mathathu angala:
eCoastal Park, eVissershok, eBellville South.
Itiphu yaseCoastal Park iya kukwazi ukwamkela inkunkuma eminye iminyaka ephaya kwi-16, lo gama yona
itiphu yaseVissershok kulindeleke ukuba iqhube eminye iminyaka esibhozo. Lifumanekile igunya lokumisela iitiphu
zeengingqi, kodwa oku kusalinde inkqubo yezibheno.
Injongo yokuvuselela itiphu kukulawula ungcoliseko-moya nokusasazeka kwenkunkuma okungcolisa
okusingqongileyo. Ukuvuselelwa kwetiphu evaliweyo kudla isiXeko izigidi ngokobungakanani nendawo ekuyo loo
tiphu. Itiphu evaliweyo iqala kuqala igqunyelelwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze kwalekwe ingca ngaphezulu
okanye/kunye nezinye izihluma. Inkunkuma etiphini iwuthiswa ngazo zombini izibolisi zeebhaktheriya i-anaerobic
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
7
INKUNKUMA
(kukhutshwe igesi yamalahle) kwakunye ne-aerobic, kodwa le yinkqubo icotha kakhulu kwaye isantya sokuthotywa
kwenkunkuma eyenziwe ngumntu, njengeplastiki okanye iinkonkxa nditsho namaphepha, kungathatha amakhulukhulu eminyaka. Ekugqibeleni, ummandla lowo ungenziwa ibala elivulekileyo ukuze usetyenziswe luluntu
oluwungqongileyo, okanye njengamabala ezemidlalo, kodwa awusayi kuze usetyenziselwe ukwakha izindlu ngenxa
yengozi yokuphihlika kwaloo mhlaba kwakunye nokulindeleka kokuphuma kwezinto ezinobutyhefu zingene
kumhlaba okufutshane naloo ndawo ibinepaki, amanzi kwakunye nomoya. E-Athlone kwakhiwe ipaki kwinxiwa
elidala letiphu.
Inkonzo yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma emakhaya
Iinkonzo zokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma ziqokelela inkunkuma emakhaya `ekwimigqomo enamavili’ ebukhulu buziilitha
ezingama-240 enikezwa umzi nomzi osemfanelekweni, kanye ngeveki. Kwimimandla enamatyotyombe kusetyenziswa
iMigqomo eMikhulu ebekwa kufuphi naloo mizi, nokuCocwa kwalo Mimandla. Oku kunokubandakanya
ukukhutshwa kweeplastiki ezimnyama zinikwe ityotyombe ngalinye ze ziqokelelwe qho ngeveki, kunye nokucoca loo
mimandla, inkunkuma leyo ilahlwe kwindawo efanele oko.
Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma emakhaya
Inkunkuma yasemakhaya eqokelelwa eKapa iyathathwa isiwe esiKhululweni sokuKhuphela iNkunkuma e-Athlone
(ARTS, ifakwe kwibhanti lokuyihambisa nokuyahlula-hlula, kususwe zonke izinto ezinokurisayikilishwa ze ibunjwe
ilayishwe ematrokweni kaloliwe isiwe kwitiphu
yaseVissershok.
Imirhumo ehlawulelwa inkunkuma
emakhaya
Imirhumo ehlawulelwa inkunkuma isekelwe kumaxabiso
nemigaqonkqubo. Yahluka ngokwamaxabiso nobukhulu
bemigqomo yemizi ngemizi. Imihlaba nemizi enexabiso
Imihlaba nemizi exabisa ngaphantsi kwama-R100 000 ithi
ifumane isaphulelo esiyi-100% kwimirhumo kumgqomo
wokuqala kangangokuba izindlu ezinomgqomo omnye
ziphetha ziyifumana mahala le nkonzo. Imihlaba nemizi
exabisa ngaphezulu kwama-R100 000 ihlawula phakathi
kwe-R14,00 neR54,00 ngenyanga ngokuthuthwa
kwenkunkuma kanye ngeveki ngokwexabiso lepropati leyo.
Okwangoku akukabikho zibonelelo nazaphulelo zamali
ezikhuthaza ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma kwindlela olwakheke ngayo
uluhlu lwamaxabiso erhafu lwethu.
Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yasekhaya
Ukuba ufuna inkcukacha ethe chatha malunga neendleko nemirhumo yokuhlawulela ukuqokelelwa kenkunkuma
eqinileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerhafu zokuhlawulela amazala enkunkuma yasegadini, udoti wabakhi
ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo, tyelela iwebhu yeKapa ku-www.capetown.gov.za. Cofa kwinkomba ethi Your City.
Inkomba ethi The Tariffs Online inikeza uxwebhu oluneenkcukacha ezibanzi ngemirhumo yeendawo zokuhlala
kwakunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene noko phantsi koLawulo lweNkunkuma esisiQina.
8
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
ISIXEKO SASEKAPA : INKUNKUMA EQINILEYO – INDAWO ZOKULAHLA INKUNKUMA
IITIPHU /IZITISHI ZOKUYIDLULISELA
IITIPHU EZIKHOYO
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
9
INKUNKUMA
IZOWUNI ZOKULAHLA INKUNKUMA
INkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma yesiXeko
Ngo-2002, iSixeko saqala inkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma. Eli phulo lihlanganisa onke amalinge
okucutha inkunkuma, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungekho mthethweni nokungcolisa eSixekweni.
Injongo ephambili yenkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma kukwazisa nokufundisa bonke abahlali baseKapa
ngeziphumo zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma nokuba bona yinto abanokuyenza ukuphucula imeko
yokusingqongileyo yesixeko. Le nkqubo ihlanganisiwe yaye ineeprojekthana (uluntu ekujoliswe kulo)
ezintlanu ezizezi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ufundiso noLwaziso loLuntu gabalala
Ufundiso eZikolweni kunye neeProjekthi zeZikolo zokuRisayiklisha
Amacandelo eMveliso, uShishino, Amaziko namaCandelo oLawulo
Ubuhlakani, iiProjekthi zeNkxasomali
Ukuphuhliswa kwamathuba oshishino ekusetyenzisweni kwenkunkuma
NgoMeyi 2006, iSixeko sibe sesinye sezixeko zokuqala ukwamkela nokumisela iSicwangciso soLawulo lweNkunkuma
esiHlanganisiweyo. Esi sicwangciso sidlula ngapha kwemiba yoqokelelo lwenkunkuma nokulahlwa kwayo nanjengoko
injongo yayo ikukuphumeza iinjongo eziphambili zomgqaonkqubo ezikukucutha imithamo yenkunkuma.
Ukuxhasa oku, iNkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma iye isetyenziswe njengeqonga lokufundisa nokwazisa izintlu
zoluntu olukhankanywe apha ngentla. Ngaphezu koku, kuphuhliswe isicwangciso esihlanganisiweyo sokumaketha
nesonxibelelwano esigxile kulawulo lwenkunkuma, ukucuthwa kwenkuma nokucoca. Esi sicwangciso siso esiya
kusetyenziswa kwiphulo lokufundisa nokwazisa uluntu oluchongiweyo yaye sihambelana namaphulo okwazisa uluntu
amiselwe ukuphumeza le njongo.
Kushishino, inkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma ixhase yaza yandisa amaqela okwenza ncinane inkunkuma.
Kuphuhliswe imithetho-siseko kwakunye noxwebhu loluhlu lokuvelisa ngokucocekileyo olunika izikhokelo ngobulula
benkunkuma ukuze kucuthwe inkunkuma kwakunye nemisebenzi yokungcolisa kwimizi-mveliso namashishini athile.
Izifundo zezixokelelwano zokulawulwa kwenkunkuma kwakunye nokwehlulahlulwa kwenkunkuma zisebenze
kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuba kucuthwe inkunkuma kwiindawo zentengiso ezinefuthe eliphezulu ekungcoliseni
njengodederhu lweevenkile kwaye nepaki yoshishino ngeziphili endalweni iqalisiwe kummandla woshishino
esiXekweni. Kananjalo kukwajoliswe ekucuthweni kodoti wokwakha ngokuthethana noshishino lokwakha.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwenkunkuma yasekhaya
Ukuze isiXeko sibe nokufikelela ekucuthweni kobuninzi benkunkuma elahlwa etiphini ngama-25% ngonyaka ka-2012, eyona nto iphambili kukumiselwa isixokelelwano esisebenza ngokukuko sokwahlulwahlulwa nokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma. Sele iqalile iprojekthi yovavanyo engu”Think Twice” “Cinga Kabini” kwimimandla
ethile yokuvavanya nokujonga iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukwahlula inkunkuma yezindlu. Okwangoku, kunikezwa
ngeplastiki yenkunkuma enezingxobo zokufaka izinto ezinokurisayiklishwa kwezi ndawo kwenziwa kuzo uvavanyo.
Ezi plastiki ziqokelelwa ngolwa suku kuqokelelwa ngalo inkunkuma.
Kutsha nje isiXeko similisele amanxiwa okurisayikilisha nokothulwa kwenkunkuma ali-19 akumgama
okwisithuba se-7km ukusuka emakhaya. Asi-7 kuwo alungiselelwe inkunkuma erisayiklishwayo. La maziko
okothulela inkunkuma asebenza isithuba esiphakathi kwentsimbi ye-07:30 ukuya kwintsimbi ye-17:30, iintsuku
ezisixhenxe ngeveki. Amakhaya ngamakhaya aya kukwazi ukuzisa kula maziko inkunkuma erisayikilishekayo
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
nehlelekileyo kuqukwa inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi, okanye ‘inkunkuma yobuxhakaxhaka bezitsali nezisebenzisi-mbane
neekhompyutha’.
IKapa sisixeko sokuqala eMzantsi Afrika ukuba senze uphando nomsebenzi osisalathiso-ndlela sokulungiswa,
ukusetyenziswa kwakhona nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi. Inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi ligama
eliqukanisa izinto ezininzi ezinjengeeselula, iikhompyutha ‘nezixhobo zombane ezimhlophe’ (iifriji, i-ayini nezitovu).
Izinto ezininzi eyenziwe ngazo inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi zinokuba neempahla eziyingozi kakhulu kwaye akufuneki
zidityaniswe nenkunkuma jikelele. Iimveliso ze-elektronikhi nezixhobo zombane zingaqhaqhwa kukhutshwe amalungu
athile exabiso anokuphinda asetyenziswe kweminye iimatshini okanye zirisayikilishwe njengempahla okanye isinyithi
esinexabiso. Yonke inkunkuma ye-elektronikhi ingasiwa kwitiphu eseWynberg (engunomb 20 kwimephu ekwiphepha
11 okanye kwiZiko lokuLahla iNkunkuma iFootprint (elichazwe apha ngezantsi). Azikho izibonelelo zokulahla
inkunkuma yombane kwezinye iitiphu.
Iprojekthi ka”Cinga kaBini” eKapa ibonakalise indlela amakhaya ethu akunqwenela ngayo ukubandakanyeka
kumaphulo aqalisiweyo okurisayikilisha. Nakubeni nje kunokubiza kakhulu ngokwexabiso ukwenza oku kwiKapa
jikelele, into eyakwenza ukuba ibe yindlela ekunokuhanjwa ngayo nexabiso loku libe nako ukufikeleleka kuxa kukho
amakhaya amaninzi athabatha inxaxheba kula manyathelo.
Iprojekthi yokufumana inkunkuma efana nale nesaqhubayo yaqaliswa ngonyaka ka-2002 eMarina da Gama.
IProjekthi inikeza simahla imizi eli-1 200 iingxowa ezimthubi, nethi le mizi ihlele inkunkuma yayo ngokwayo. Izinto
ezinokurisayikilisheka (amaphepha, amakhadibhodi, iiglasi, iiplastiki neenkonkxa) zifakwa kwezi ngxowa. Emva
konyaka onesiqingatha kuye kwafunyanwa iitoni zempahla esenkunkumeni ezili-173 xa zizonke zaza zaphinda
zasetyenziswa. Malunga ne-80% lemizi ekulo mmandla isaqhubeka nokuthabatha inxaxheba kule projekthi.
Iwebhu yoNaniselwano oluBumbeneyo lweNkunkuma (IWEX) (edizayinwayo kwakhona) yaziswe
ngokusesikweni sisiXeko ngoMeyi ngonyaka ka-2000. Le webhu inikeza iinkampani noluntu jikelele ngendawo
eyiyimarike yorhwebo nge-intanethi yokuba bathengiselane ngamajelo nezinto abangazifuniyo nezo bazifunayo.
Ezi zinto zibekwe kuluhlu kugxinisiswa kakhulu ekuphungulweni komthamo wenkunkuma enokudala ingozi esiwa
ezitiphini kwanokwandiswa kweemarike zokurisayikilisha kwentsusa kwiKapa needolophu ezilingqongileyo. Imibutho
yoluntu ekuluhlu lwe-IWEX iquka: iindawo zokothulela inkunkuma, amaziko athenga impahla esuka enkunkumeni,
amaziko oogobityholo, iindawo zokubalekela kwabaxhatshazwayo, amaziko okuphuculwa koluntu kwanamaziko
okudala imisebenzi. Ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, tyelela u-www.capetown.gov.za/IWEX.
Amanyathelo okuqala oluntu lwaseKapa okurisayikilisha
Inani elibonakalayo lamanyathelo okuqala enza inguqulelo naphuhlisayo okurisayikilisha sele
eqalisiwe eKapa.
Iziko lokothulela inkunkuma iFootprints eseWynberg iyiprojekthi ejongene noluntu nengenzi
ngeniso, ikwasebenza njengeziko lokusingqongileyo elixhasa intlalo nempilo esisigxina negcinakalayo
kuluntu jikelele. Iiprojekthi zeli ziko ziquka ukurisayikilisha, ukwenziwa komgquba, ubulumko bokuphatha
amanzi ayinkulelane kwakunye nezitiya zokutya okusuka kwiziphili kwakunye nenkunkuma ye-elektronikhi
kwanobugcisa obusekwe enkunkumeni. Ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, qhagamshelana noMichelle SholtoDouglas nge-imeyili gsdouglas@worldonline.co.za okanye ngomnxeba (021) 794 5863.
IProjekthi yokuLawulwa nokuRisayikilishwa kweNkunkuma iOasis ezinziswe eClaremont nase-Elsies
River iqashe abantu abakhubazeke ngengqondo abangama-336. Nakubeni nje yayingumbutho owawusekelwe
ukumpelesa, le projekthi iphumelele imbasa yenze ishishini elibe nempumelelo engathethekiyo ngokurisayikilisha.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
11
INKUNKUMA
Izikolo, amaziko okugcina abantwana neendawo zokusebenzela zakhiwe ngemali engeniswe ngulo mbutho
eyenziwe ngokurisayikilisha. Qhagamshelana no-Aubrey Wicomb, UMphathi woRisayikilisho
(021) 671 5100 eClaremont nakule nombolo: (021) 933 1586 e-Elsies River.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
IQela eleNza iiNtshukumo ngokusiNgqongileyo eKommetje (KEAG) liqela
eliphembelela neligayela ezingokusingqongileyo elithi kananjalo lilawule iiprojekthi
eziliqela ezingokusingqongileyo. IKEAG ikhokele iProjekthi yePhondo yokuKhathalelwa
koNxweme ebandakanya ukuqeshwa kwabantu bamaphulo okucoca iindawo zokudada
enxwemeni, ezingquzwini zeentlabathi ngaselunxwemeni, emachwebeni emilambo
neendawo zolonwabo. Kananjalo bakwalawula iziko lokurisayikilisha elimanyene
neGumbi lomsebenzi eliBonakalisa uBugcisa boMsebenzi weZandla osekwe
kokuseNkunkumeni Ilithalomsa nezinziswe kwifama i-Imhoff eKommetje. Tsalela
umnxeba ku-(021) 783 3433.
Iziko lamaJelo angokusiNgqongileyo kwisiTsonga inamaziko okurisayikilisha
kwaLanga nasePhilippi. Baziqhenya nangakumbi ngeli lisePhilippi iziko nelenziwe
lonke, ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya kutsho ekugqibeleni, ngezinto ezivela enkunkumeni
nezo zinokukwazi ukuhlaziyeka. Iprojekthi yabo ibandakanya abantu abangama-300
abacoca nabenza ‘luhlaza’ indalo nokusingqongileyo ngemisetyenzana yokulawulwa
kwenkunkuma, ngokulinywa kokutya kwiigadana ezingasemva emakhaya nokuqokelelwa
kwenkunkuma kumzi nomzi. Iprojekthi yabo yobugcisa ngokusuka enkunkumeni ivellisa
izingxobo neminqwazi. Tsalela umnxeba uSonwabo ku-082 542 3356.
EKhayelitsha, iProjekthi yokuRisayikilisha i-Inkqubela
yasungulwa ngu-Eunice Roro, ngenkxaso yeCandelo lokuHlolwa
kokusiNgqongileyo leYunivesithi yaseKapa kwakunye
nangenkxaso-mali esuka e-USAID. Ngethuba yayisasebenza le
projekthi, ‘uMama uRoro’ wayebenzela isuphu yasekhaya abo
bamphathele inkunkuma kwindawo yakhe yokurisayikilisha ze
abahlawulele inkunkuma yabo.
Inkqubela yayeka ukusebenza, kwaye kananjalo neTsoga
ijongene neengxaki zezezimali, nto leyo evusa umbandela
wokuma kweeprojekthi zoluntu zokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma
kwimimandla yabasokolayo. Uhlobo lwenkunkuma
kwimimandla yabasokolayo izisa imali encinane kunaleyo
ikwimimandla etyebileyo kwaye kwezi ngingqi ikakhulu
iiprojekthi ezineenjongo ezizizo ziphela zineengxaki zezimali.
Iinzame ezinje ngezi zoluntu zibaluleke kakhulu, xa zijongwe
ngokokusingqongileyo kwanokudala amathuba engqesho,
kodwa ke zifuna inkxaso ethe xhaxhe ukuze zibe nokuba sisigxina.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma okanye ungathanda
ukuqalisa iphulo lokurisayikilisha kwingingqi yakho, qhagamshelana neSebe lemiCimbi
engokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho ukuze ufumane isiKhokelo ekuRisayikilishweni
kwenkunkuma eqinileyo iFairest Cape Association (iinkcukacha zisesiphelweni sesi
sahluko).
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
INKUNKUMA EKWIKHAYA LAKHO
Ifoto: Tamara North
Iinjongo ekujoliswe kuzo ngenkunkuma sisiXeko
IsiXeko sijolise ekuphunguleni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ngama-25% ngonyaka ka-2012. Sithetha nje isantya
sokwanda kwenkunkuma singaphezulu lee kwesokwanda kwabantu.
Inkunkuma gabalala ekwikhaya lakho
Xa siphonononga inkunkuma yethu singazibona iintlobo ezahlukileyo zempahla amakhaya ethu azilahlayo
nacinga ukuba yinkunkuma, lo gama uninzi lwayo lubonakalisa amathuba amaninnzi okurisayikilisha nokuphinda
kusetyenziswe ezi mpahla kwakhona. Uninzi lwenkunkuma yethu luziziphili (lunokuboliswa). Imifuno, amaxolo
eziqhamo, nenkunkuma yamagqabi nengca yasegadini kungenziwa ngayo amazala emigquba nezichumiso zasimahla
ezityebileyo zizondlo, ukuze kuchunyiswe izitiya zethu. Amacebo alula okuzenzela umgquba anikwe ngakumbi
ngezantsi apha kwakweli candelo. Kwamanye amakhaya atyebileyo inkunkuma eveliswayo yeyohlobo lwesinyithi,
iplastiki, iglasi, iphepha nekhadibhodi – uninzi lwayo iba zizinto ebekupakishwe kuzo, nebezinokurisayikilisheka
kumathuba amaninzi.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
13
INKUNKUMA
Isiqulatho senkunkuma yesiqhelo
kumakhaya abangeniso iphakathi
ukuya kwephezulu
Isiqulatho senkunkuma yesiqhelo
kumakhaya abangeniso iphantsi
umhlaba onodoti nothuthu
iziphili
amaphepha namakhadibhodi
izinto ngezinto
iglasi
iplastiki
isinyithi
impahla eyolukiweyo
Inkunkuma eyingozi ekhaya
Ikhaya elikumndilili liqulatha phakathi kwe-14 ukuya kuma-45 eelitha zemveliso ezikhupha inkunkuma ehlelwa
njengeyingozi. Ukuba ufuna icebo lokulwa nenkunkuma eyingozi funda icandelo elingamaNyathelo aSebenzisekayo
ngezantsi apha kwakwesi sahluko. Inkunkuma yasekhaya enetyhefu ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo zezi mveliso
zichazwe ngezantsi apha:
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Isixhobo esitsaza amadangatye okanye esilumekekayo (ipetroli, iparafini, idizili, imatshisi, ithinasi,
ipolishi yeenzipho, ulwelo olutshizwa ngoxinzelelo lomoya kwakunye neemveliso ezine-alkoholi). Kufuneka
zingasondezwa emlilweni okanye edangatyeni.
Into etyabulayo (i-amoniaya okanye iblitshi). Nceda ulumkele ukuba imveliso leyo isondele kwisikhumba
sakho okanye emehlweni kuwe. Kufuneka uyisebenzise unxibe iiglavu ezandleni. Into etyabulayo
ingabangela ukuqaqamba nokurhawuzelelwa okanye ukudumba kwesikhumba, amehlo, inwebu
yangaphakathi okanye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.
INKUNKUMA
Isidlekisi (izicoci zesinyithi, i-asidi yebhetri yemoto, izicoci zemibhobho yamanzi nezitovu zokubhaka, izinto
zokususa irusi, iblitshi ne-asidi yokucoca ipuli). Ezi mveliso ziyayitya impahla. Umzekelo, xa ithinasi igalelwe
emagini yeplastiki, imagi leyo iyanyibilika!
Ezinobungozi, ityhefu okanye umalingatshoni (iparafini okanye iyeza lokubulala izitshabalalisi). Oku kungabangela ukwenzakala okanye kungade kukubulale xa ukuginyile, ukufunxile okanye ukurhogele.
Iziqhushumbi/ izidubuli (izicoci zemibhobho yamanzi, izinto zokutyala ezineblitshi neesepha zokuhlamba
izitya ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe ne-amoniya nezinye ii-asidi). Ezi zinto zingabangela uqhambuko-dubulo
okanye zikhuphe imisi eyingosi nenetyhefu xa zibekwe ngasemoyeni okanye zifakwe emanzini okanye
zidityaniswe namanye amachiza.
Into eyosulelayo (iinaphukeni ezingcolileyo, iikhondom, iinaliti zokuzitofa). Ezi zinto zisasaza izifo nokosulelana.
(Fairest Cape Association, ushicilelo lwe-4)
Uphicotho olukhawulezileyo lwenkunkuma eyingozi
Jikeleza apha endlwini yakho, ukhangele ubhala phantsi nayiphi kwezi mpahla zingentla zinobungozi. Tyhila kumaphepha anAmanyathelo Asebenzisekayo ekupheleni kweli candelo ukuze ukhangele ukuba
zeziphi na izinto ezizezinye onokuzisebenzisa endaweni yezi xa usiya kuthenga kwakhona.
Igaraji nekhitshi apho ugcina uninzi lwamachiza okucoca yindawo elungileyo onokuqala kuyo.
Impahla eyingozi
Into enokusetyenziswa endaweni yayo
umz. Isicoci sedreyini yamanzi
isoda yokubhaka neviniga emhlophe
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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INKUNKUMA
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
AMANYATHELO ABONAKALAYO
Sibonile ukuba sivelisa inkunkuma eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo yenza ukuba senze ilahleko kwi-eneji, amajelo amanzi
acocekileyo, nomhlaba wethu wendalo oxabisekileyo. Ngoko ke, singasicutha njani isixa senkunkuma esisivelisayo?
Singaphinda siyisebenzise okanye siyirisayikilishe inkunkuma yethu kodwa inyathelo lokuqala kukusoloko uzama ukucutha isixa senkunkuma nobutyhefu obusenkunkumeni kwasekuqaleni.
Sebenzisa amanqanaba amathathu acetyiswe yiFairest Cape Association namaphulo eemveliso zokucoca zeCandelo loLawulo lweNkunkuma leSixeko angala: Cutha, Sebenzisa kwakhona/Lungisa
kwaye Risayikilisha.
Cutha
•
•
•
•
•
•
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Thenga nje oko kukwaneleyo ze ukuphephe ukuthenga iimveliso ezibotshwe ngemfumba yezinto ezingcolisayo.
Thenga ngokwezambuku (zincinci izinto ekubotshwe ngazo) ezo zinto uzisebenzisa kakhulu. Thenga izinto
ezandayo neziphinda zizaliswe kwakhona.
Thenga iimveliso ezinezinto ezibotshwe ngazo ezenziwe ngempahla erisayikilishiweyo, njengeefayidukhwe zasekhitshini, iibhotile zeshampo ezineplastiki enesiqulatho esirisayikilishiweyo.
Zama ukuziphepha iimveliso ezilahlwayo, njengeebleyidi ezilahlwayo zakugqiba ukusetyenziswa, iikhamera
kwaneepleyiti zephepha.
Khetha iglasi kuneplastiki nanjengoko iglasi inokuphinda irisayikilishwe. Izinto ezininzi zokubopha zeplastiki azikarisayikilisheki unanamhla eMzantsi Afrika (jonga iiplastiki apha ngezantsi).
Ziphephe iimveliso eziyityhefu neziyingozi.
INKUNKUMA
Sebenzisa kwakhona
•
•
Xa ungasayisebenzisiyo into yakho khangela omnye umntu onokuba nomsebenzi waloo nto. Izikolo, iimanyano
zesisa, amathala eencwadi, kwakunye nezinye iindawo ekothulelwa kuzo inkunkuma zingazamkela iimpahla
ezingasafunwayo, ifenitshala, izinto zokudlala, iincwadi, iividiyo neemagazini.
Zilungise izinto kunokuzilahla. Nika inkxaso kumthungi wengingqi yakho, umkhandi-zihlangu, ivenkile
yokulungisa iibhayisikili, nezinye. Eli linyathelo elikwavuselela amthuba omsebenzi kwingingqi yakho.
Ezinye zeengcebiso ezisebenzisekayo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona
kwempahla yasemakhaya
•
•
•
•
•
Gcina ukutya kwizinto zokugalela eziphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona, uphephe izinto ezingarisay
ikilishekiyo ezinjengezinto zokujijela ezincamathelayo okanye ifoyile eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam esebenzise amajelo amaninzi.
• Zisebenzise kwakhona izinto zokujijela izipho namakhadi eminqweno emihle.
Cinga ngokuzama izipho ezingaphathekiyo njengokukhuphana.
Sika iphepha elisebenzileyo ngokwezikweri, ulisebenzise njengencwadana yokuthatha amanqaku.
Sebenzisa amacala omabini ephepha ze ulirisayikilishe.
Iingqayi zeplastiki kwakunye namakhathuni obisi okanye iziselo enziwe okanye aqatywe iplastiki ngaphandle
aziingqayi ezilunge kakhulu zokukhulisela izityalo.
Risayikilisha
•
•
•
Risayikilisha inkunkuma engenakulungiseka okanye engenakuphinda isebenze ngokuyithuthela kwidepho
yokurisayikilisha ekufutshane nawe okanye indawo yokulahla.
Khetha iimveliso nezinto zokubopha imveliso eziqulethe okurisayikilishekayo – khangela umqondiso okhomba
ukuba imveliso leyo iyarisayikilisheka.
Sebenzisa inkunkuma yakho yamagqabi namaxolo eziqhamo nemifuno ukwenza umgquba.
Ukwenza ikhaya lakho libe likhaya elirisayikilishayo
Ukwahlula-hlula inkunkuma yakho
Indawo elungileyo onokuqala ngayo kukuseka imigqomo emithathu (mhlawumbi ungacinga ngokusebenzisa
iibhokisi eziphinde zasetyenziswa) endlwini yakho: umgqomo ‘wokuphilayo’ wokwenza izala lomgquba, umgqomo
wokurisayikilishekayo ‘wokomileyo’ (iinkonkxa, iplastiki, iibhotile zeglasi, izisongeli zeplastiki, amaqweqwe
namakhadibhodi eebhokisi) kwakunye nomgqomo wenkunkuma engarisayikilishekiyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuhleleka
kwenkunkuma yakho kwasekuqaleni, kumthombo wayo.
Inzuzo yokurisayikilisha:
•
ukucutha ubuninzi benkunkuma eya etiphini, nto leyo ecutha ukuxinaniseleka ngokwasemoyeni;
• ukudaleka kwezithuba zomsebenzi kwakunye nemali eya ezikolweni nakwimibutho yoluntu;
• ukucutheka kongcoliseko nokusasazwa kwenkunkuma;
• ukonga impahla nezinto ezintsha ekufuneka kwenziwe ngazo ‘imveliso entsha’
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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INKUNKUMA
•
•
•
•
ukucutheka kokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinexabiso eliphezulu zokwenza iimveliso ezintsha;
ukucothiswa nokuthotywa kwesantya sokucutheka kwamajelo ehlabathi angahlaziyekiyo (i-oyile, amalahle
kwakunye nentsimbi) kwakunye naloo majelo ahlaziyekayo (imithi);
ukucuthwa kwexabiso le-eneji yokwenza izikhongozelo, izinto zokubopha, njalo njalo; kwakunye
nokongiwa kwamanzi (asetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinto zokubopha nakwiimveliso). Ukurisayikilishwa
kwephepha kusebenzisa amanzi angama-50% ngaphantsi kunephepha elenziwa ekuqaleni emthini.
Ukukhetha iimpahla zokurisayikilishwa
Ngezants’ apha kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwempahla enokurisayikilisheka. Kodwa ke kufuneka ufumanise ukuba ingaba
zintoni na idepho yokurisayikilisha yengingqi yakho ezamkelayo. Musa ukusa iimpahla engazirisayikilishiyo idepho
leyo – oko kukubaqaqambisela nje ngentloko ngenxa yenkunkuma yakho! Kananjalo impahla eza kurisayikilishwa
kufuneka ipurwe phambi kokuba irisayikilishwe. Amanqaku nala manani alandelayo acatshulwe kwincwadi
yokufundisa yeDEAT yoKhenketho oluThembakeleyo kwakunye neFairest Cape Association.
Iinkcenkce nesinyithi
Malunga neetoni ezingama-400 zeenkonkxa ziyarisayikilishwa eNtshona Kapa nyanga nenyanga. UCollect-a-Can
uthi urisayikilisha ama-66% azo zonke iinkonkxa zesiselo eMzantsi Afrika, nto leyo igxotha ikati eziko kubantu
abangaphezulu kwama-37 000. Isinyithi sisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezintsha ezinobulunga obufanayo nezo
zentsusa - nto leyo yonga ukusetyenziswa nekwalondoloza amajelo endalo angahlaziyekiyo. Ukurisayikilishwa
kweenkonkxa neetoti konga malunga nama-95% e-eneji efunekayo ukuze kwenziwe iinkonkxa ezintsha
ngentsimbi ekrwada. Kwihlabathi jikelele kukho isidingo esikhulu sesinyithi neentsibi ezindala. UMzantsi Afrika
uthumela kwamanye amazwe aphesheya malunga nama-50% eentsimbi ezindala ozifumanayo.
Akukhathaliseki nokuba iinkonkxa ezo netoti zibotyokile, zitshile okanye zirusile – zonke zingarisayikilishwa.
Ikhadibhodi nephepha
Ikhadibhodi nephepha zimpahla ezikulungele ncakasana ukurisayikilishwa. Itoni nganye erisayikilishiweyo isindisa
imithi eli-17, i-eneji engama-40% ngaphantsi kwefunekayo kwakunye namanzi angaphantsi ngama-30%
kwafunekayo ukwenza iphepha elitsha.
Musa ukurisayikilisha:
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Iphepha elimdaka okanye elimanzi (iphepha langasese nelokosula umbilo, itawuli yephepha, izisongeli-kutya,
iphepha elichithelwe zizinto)
Iphepha eliqatywe okanye elincanyathiselwe iplastiki ukuze kugalelwe ulwelo (iikhathuni zobisi)
Iphepha elizincamathelekayo (ileyibhile)
Iphepha lomsizi
Iphepha lefeksi okanye lefoto elinongwe ngamachiza
Izingxobo zokutya kwezinja, iingxowa zamazambane, iibhokisi eziqatywe okanye zombathiswe ngeplastiki
encamathelayo.
Iplastiki
Ngokubanzi iiplastiki aziwuthi nanjengokuba zenziwe ngamachiza asekwe kwipetroleyam (i-oyile, amalahle negesi).
Iiplastiki zingayingxaki ukurisayilikisheka kuba amathuba amaninzi zidityaniswa nezinye iimpahla xa zisenziwa.
Iiplastiki zenziwa ngamachiza eplastiki aneemolekyuli ezininzi ezifanayo (polima). Kubalulekile ukuba iiplastiki
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
ezifanayo zirisayikilishwe zodwa. Fumanisa kwindawo
yengingqi yakho yokothulela inkunkuma ukuba loluphi na
uhlobo lwepastiki abalamkelayo.
Ngelishwa ngaphandle nje kohlobo lweplastiki lwePET, iHDPE
neLDPE sincinci kakhulu isidingo kushishino lokurisayikilisha
eMzantsi Afrika sokufumana iiplastiki emva kokuba
kusetyenzisiwe okuphakathi kuzo ukuze zirisayikilishwe,
nto leyo ethetha ukuba uninzi lwazo luphelela
etiphini okwangoku.
Iibhotile ezili-11 ezirisayikilishiweyo ukuba zirisayikilishwe
ngokweepolima zazo zingayenza ibhlukhwe yendoda.
PET
HDPE
LDPE
Ngokwemfaneleko ezi ntlobo zeplastiki zihlelwa kunye ukuze zirisayikilisheke.
PET: ezinepolyethylene terephthalate
HDPE: ezinobunzima-mthamo ophezulu wepolyethylene
LDPE: ezinobunzima-mthamo ophantsi wepolyethylene
PP: ezinepolypropylene
Izinto ezininzi zeplastiki zokubopha nokupakisha unangoku azikarisayikilisheki eMzantsi Afrika konke konke.
Asinako ukurisayikilisha:
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iifoyile zeplastiki ezenziwe ngokudibanisa amacwecwe amaninzi (zokupakisha nokubopha ukutya njengebheyikhoni)
iplastiki yokubopha ebumbeneyo (njengobisi iTetrapak kwakunye neekhathuni zesiselo seziqhamo) – eRhawutini
iTetrapak iye iphinde isetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye siyathemba ukuba kuza kwenzeka nalapha eKapa
kungekudala
iitreyi zokutya ezizipolystyrene
Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba zintoni ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwindawo ekulahlwa kuzo inkunkuma.
Ukungazithengi iimveliso ezipakishwe ngezinto ezingenakurisayikilisheka kuthumela umyalezo ongqingqwa kubenzi
bemveliso ukuba bayile kwaye bapakishe iimveliso zabo ngokwendlela ehambisana kakuhle nokusingqongileyo.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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INKUNKUMA
Iibhotile zeglasi neejagi
Ukurisayikilisha ibhotile yeglasi konga umbane onokonela ukulayita isibane esingu-100 W iiyure ezine. Ngayo yonke
itoni yeglasi erisayikilishiweyo, kongiwa iitoni zempahla ekrwada e-1,2 neelitha ezili-114 ze-eneji ye-oyile.
Kubalulekile ukususa iziciko zeebhotile kwakunye nezivalo nemiphezulu yeebhotile zeglasi nezikhongozeli. Ezinye
iimveliso zeglasi azinakurisayikilisheka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela olu hlelo lungezantsi nanjengoko nayiphi na into
kwezi zilandelayo ingayonakalisa yonke loo mfumba yeeglasi ibiza kurisayikilishwa.
Musa ukurisayikilisha:
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Iikomityi, iisosi nempahla yodongwe
Iikhyubhu ezibengezelayo
Iibhalbhu zokulayita
Iiglasi zezipili
Iiglasi ezizishiti (iglasi zefestile kwakunye nefestile engaphambili emotweni)
Izibane zeemoto
Iiglasi zokusela idrinki
Iiglasi ezibotshelelwe ngocingo
Iglasi yaselebhu
Inkunkuma yokuphilayo
Ukwenza umgquba inkunkuma yakho yokuphilayo konga isithuba esinexabiso etiphini ze kunciphise umsi wegesi
yamalahle enegalelo ekuGuqukeni kweMozulu. Kananjalo oku kuphindisela izondlo ezibalulekileyo emva emhlabeni.
Ukwenza umgquba asinto inzima kuyaphi – nanjengoko kubonisiwe apha kwisicatshulwa esipapashwe nguMasipala
woMzantsi woSinga-siqithi weKapa uhlangene neFairest Cape Association (Disemba 1999).
Ungazenzela owakho umgquba ngaphandle kwenkxamleko eninzi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo zokwenza
umgquba, ngoko ke ungakhetha indlela yokwenza umgquba efanele isixa senkunkuma onaso kwakunye nexesha
kwanesithuba somhlaba onaso. Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza umgquba kukwenza nje izala lenkunkuma yokuphilayo
kwikona engenzi nto egadini. Ukuze uligcine izala lakho licwangciseke kakuhle mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka ulenze
kwisikhongozeli. Iinkonkxa zomgquba ezibundlu yeenyosi ziyafumaneka kwindawo yokuthengisa izithole. Iinkonkxa
zeplanga okaye iplastiki ezinemicu (1 x 1 x 1m³) zezona zona zilungele izitiya eziphakathi ukuya kwezikhulu. Isilinda
yomngxuma onomnatha wocingo ebukhulu (buyi-1m ngokwesinqumla-sangqa x 1m) ofulelwe ngekhadibhodi
okanye ibhokisi yekhadibhodi enkulu yindlela engaxabisi kakhulu yokwenza inkonkxa yomgquba’.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Khetha indawo enomthunzi nesithileyo yokubeka inkonkxa okanye izala lakho lomgquba.
Okokuqala beka umaleko wezinto ezirhabaxa eziquka iindiza namasebe (ukwenzela ukufakwa komoya neegesi).
Beka umaleko umane uwuguquguqula uqale ngowolunye uhlobo ubuye uze ngowolunye uhlobo, kwezi
ntlobo zimbini ‘ngomdaka’ (owamagqabi awomileyo) kwakunye ‘noluhlaza’ (owengca entsha esikiweyo)
ngokomlinganiselo ongama 50:50 kwakunye nomgquba (okanye ingca yaselwandle) njengesiqalisi okanye
isilumeki. Sasaza amanzi, isanti nephepha elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo nangokweziqabu phakathi kwezibini
zomaleko nanjengokuba umphakamo umde ngokokude uye kuma kwi-1,5 leemitha. Isanti iyimfuneko ukwenza
okuphilayo ukuba kube yingqumba. Iintlobo ezininzi zomaleko zingongezelelwa nanjengokuba kufumaneka
inkunkuma eninzi.
INKUNKUMA
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Gcina izala elo legqunyiwe ngomaleko weendiza, umhlaba okanye ikhaphethi endala ukuze kungangeni
zimpuku, izinambuzane okanye naziphi na izitshabalalisi.
Linkcenkceshele rhoqo izala lakho (ligcine lifumile kodwa lingabi manzi) ze uliguqule ngefolokhwe emva
kweenyangana ezimbalwa ukwenzela ukuba izinto zikhawuleze. Ukongeza imisundululwana yokubolisa nako
kunganceda.
Umgquba lowo ukulungele ukuba ungasetyenziswa xa umdaka kwaye uphuqeka kwaye unuka njengomhlaba.
Le nto ingathatha isithuba seeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kuxhomekeke ukuba leliphi
na ixesha lonyaka elo. Icebo lelokuba umntu enze amazala omgquba angaphezulu kwesibini ngexesha, nto leyo
ethetha ukuba lo gama usazama ukwakha enye, enye ‘iyabila’ phaya eziko.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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INKUNKUMA
Kwezinye iimeko mhlawumbi kungangcono ukungcwaba inkunkuma ephilayo emiseleni (usebenzisa ezi zikhokelo
zingentla) okanye emingxunyeni elingana nesixa senkunkuma evelisiweyo. Ungatyala imifuno neentyatyambo zemithi
ngqo kumsele womgquba lowo. Enye yezinto ezilungileyo ngokogqunyelelwa kwenkunkuma ngesanti kugxotha
iimpukane namavumba amabi.
Ukuba ufuna inkcukacha ethe vetshe malunga nokwenza umgquba, tyelela iwebhu yAbalimi Bezekhaya ethi www.
abalimi.org.za okanye ubabhalele i-imeyili kule dilesi: abalimi@iafrica.com. Iwebhu yeFairest Cape Association ethi,
www.fairestcape.co.za nayo inamcebiso neenkcukacha ezininzi ngokwenziwa komgquba kwiindawo ezininzi eKapa.
Inkunkuma eyingozi
Ayikho indlela ekhuseleke gqibi yokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi yasekhaya. Phambi kokuba uthenge imveliso eyingozi
qala uzibuze umbuzo wokuba ayikho na imveliso engenye obungayifumana. Cinga ngendlela ekhuselekileyo
onokuyilahla ngayo.
Imigaqo elula xa usebenzisa iimveliso eziyingozi
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Khetha ezona mveliso zinetyhefu encinane ezikusebenzelayo ekhayeni lakho. Iimveliso zokucoca ezinophawu
lakwaSABS u-A-E ‘zamkelekile ngokokusingqongileyo’ kwaye zivunywe nanguSANS.
Zithengele isixhobo sokuchwakraza impukane ze ukuphephe ukuthenga amachiza okubulala izinambuzane.
Amanye ala machiza anjengeLindane, nathintelwayo ngokomthetho eYurophu nanjengokuba kukholelwa ukuba
anxulumene nobukho besifo somhlaza, umbefu nokonakala kwemithambo-luvo.
Thenga oko ukufunayo kuphela (ngokwezixa ezincinane) ukuphepha ukugcina iimveliso ezinobungozi.
Funda ilebhile ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngezithako, ngemiyalelo nendlela yokuyisebenzisa, ngendlela
ekhuselekileyo yokuyigcina nokuyilahla imveliso leyo.
INKUNKUMA
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Thenga iimveliso ezinezithako ezibonakalisiweyo nezidwelisiweyo apha kuyo. Abasebenzi ngamayeza baya kuyazi
indlela yokunyanga ityhefu ethile.
Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso leyo ibhalwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ugcine isiqulatho semveliso leyo kwisikhongozeli
sayo sentsusa.
Kuphephe kangangoko unako ukusebenzisa ulwelo olutshizwa ngoxinzelelo lomoya. Ezi zitshizi azikwazi
ukurisayikilisheka kwaye ayikho indlela yokuzilahla ngokukhuselekileyo.
Nceda beka iimveliso eziyingozi kude nabantwana nezilo-maqabane emakhaya.
Ungaze uzixube iimveliso eziyingozi kuba zisenokuxabana nezinye.
Ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindawo engena umoya kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe
ngenkathalo enkulu.
Ungaze utshaye okanye utye lo gama usebenzisa amachiza kwaye kufuneka ngalo lonke ixesha uhlambe izandla
emva kokuba usebenzise amachiza.
Nceda qinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sivalisisekile ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukuba isikhongozeli eso siyavuza, sifake
kwisikhongozeli sesibini esiqinisekisiweyo ngokungavuzi, ze usilebhelishe ngombhalo omkhulu othi, ‘IYAVUZA’.
Zigcine kwindawo ebandayo, eyomileyo nemnyama kude nezitovu okanye izifudumezi-manzi.
Ipeyinti, izinyibilikisi, neglu
Kuveliswa itoti ezingama-30 zeyona nkunkuma inetyhefu kakhulu ngetoti nganye yepeyinti ethengiswayo. Iipeyinti,
ngenxa yobunzima bazo, zezinye zezixhobo zokwakha eziyitya kakhulu i-eneji. Ezinye iingcombolo ezothusayo
zezokuba baninzi abantu ababulawa yityhefu elapha emsini kwimililo etshisa izindlu (esuka kwilothe endala yepeyinti
nakwezinye iimveliso zasekhaya eziyingozi) kunabo babulawa ngumsi lo ngokwawo. Uninzi oluxhaphakieyo
lwezigcinakalisi zemithi namaplanga ezisebenza njengezibulali-zinambuzane kwakunye nezibulali-kungunda ziba
netyhefu eyingozi neninzi kakhulu emva kweminyaka emininzi imveliso leyo isetyenzisiwe.
Izinto ezikhuselekileyo ezinokusetyenziswa endaweni yezi
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Ukuba izigcinakalisi zeepeyinti okanye zemithi zisetyenzisiwe, kufuneka ukhethe ezo zineqondo letyhefu
elisezantsi. UBreathcote (ecodesign@mweb.co.za) kwakunye no-EnviroTouch (http://www.envirotouch.com)
banezinye zemveliso ezilunge kakhulu.
Xa kugudiswa iplanga, iimveliso ezineboron (ineqondo eliphantsi okanye eliphakathi letyhefu) zingasetyenziswa.
Ukucocwa kwamaplanga ngeboron kuhambelana nemiqathango yeSANS. Kodwa ke, iimveliso eziqulathe iboron
ziyathanda ukuhluzeka kuloko ke kufuneka ukuba amaplanga apeyintwe ngemveliso yeboron angangcwatywa
emhlabeni okanye antywiliselwe emanzini. Ukuba imveliso elolo hlobo isetyenziswe ngaphandle, kubalulekile
ukuba afakwe i-oyile eyongezelelekileyo okanye anikwe icocwe ngokudyojwa.
Iipeyinti ezinobulunga obuhle ezenziwe ngamanzi okanye ezinganyibiliki kakhulu, iglu, ivanishi kwakunye
nezigcinakalisi zisinika izinto esinokukhetha zona ezibuthembakala.
Yibethelele emgangathweni itapeti kunokusebenzisa iglu.
For more information on timber preservation and environmentally-friendly ways of preserving wood, visit
www.greenhouse.org.za.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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INKUNKUMA
Iibhetri
Okwangoku, iSixeko asikabi nayo iNkqubo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma yeeBhetri echaza amanyathelo emakathathwe xa
kuququzelelwa izicwangciso zokujonga ukuba iibhetri zinokuphinda zisebenziseke njani. Thina nje sicebisa abahlali
ukuba bathethe nabathengi babuze ukuba abanakuzibuyisela na ezo bhetri kwezo ndawo bazithenge kuzo xa
ziphelelwe ukuze ziphinde zitshajwe.
Iiglowubhu zokulayita ezindlwini
I-oyile
Ilitha enye ye-oyile ingenza iingwengwezi kumanzi anokuba sendaweni
enokuba ngaphezulu kwamabala amabini esoka. Ungaze ugalele
isinqandi-kunyibilika okanye nalo naliphi na elinye ichiza emgangathweni,
kwimijelo yamanzi ahamba kwimibhobho yamanzi okanye esinkini.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
ISixeko sisebenzisana noEskom siqwalasela umba wokuba iiglowubhu zasezindlwini azinakuphinda zisebenze
na. Okwangoku de kubekho icebo lokuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe, abahlali bayacelwa ukuba bazigcine kakuhle
iiglowubhu ezisebenzileyo, bazifake kwizinto ezingazukophuka kuzo.
Iigaraji ezininzi zithabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokurisayikilishwa
kwe-oyile. Ukuba uyazilungisela imoto yakho ekhaya, buyisela
i-oyile esetyenzisiweyo egaraji okanye kwidepho efuna i-oyile endala
njengeFootprints okanye iRose Foundation (Ukufunyanwa kwe-oyile
endala kusindisa okusingqongileyo), imibutho engasekelwanga ukungenisa
inzuzo eqokelela, igcine ze irisayikilishe i-oyile ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe.
Qhagamshelana nabo kule nombolo: (021) 448 7492. Ukuba ufuna
ingcaciso ethe vetshe, tyelela iwebhu u-www.rosefoundation.org.za.
Ukuba imveliso eyingozi ithe yaginywa, thatha umntu lowo ngoko nangoko umse kwiziko elisebenza
ngetyhefu, okanye ikliniki okanye esibhedlele. Musa ukuzama ukumgabhisa umntu lowo, nanjengokuba
imisi, ivumba nothuli olo lunokungena emiphungeni ze liyonzakalise. Ukuba amachiza ayingozi arhogelwe,
umntu watsarhwa, khawuleza umse kwindawo enempepho umntu lowo. Musa ukusondela kwindawo
enothuli nomsi lowo. Vula zonke iingcango neefestile.
Tsalela iZiko lokuLawulwa kweTyhefu laseTygerberg xa ufuna ingcebiso (021) 931 6129 okanye iZiko leTyhefu
laseRed Cross (021) 689 5227. Ukuba ichiza lingene emehlweni akho okanye lachithekela esikhumbeni sakho, zipure
ngamanzi amatsha nacocekileyo isithuba semizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
Iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo zokucoca
Zama ukuphepha iimveliso zasekhaya eziyingozi ngokukhangela la
magama emaqokobheni okanye kwiilebhile:
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Ezingenatyhefu
Ezingasekwanga kwipetroliyam
Ezingenayo i-amoniya, idayi nechiza lezichumiso ifosfeyithi
INKUNKUMA
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Ezihambisanayo nokusingqongileyo
Ezihambisanayo ne-oksijini enevumba elihlaziyayo
Ziyasebenziseka kwakhona kwaye ziyarisayikilisheka
Ine-enzayime esebenzayo
Okuphilayo
Ucoco oluninzi ekhaya lungenziwa ngesiqingatha somxube weviniga nesiqingatha samanzi, okanye isepha elulwelo
kunye nesoda yokubhaka. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lweemveliso eziyimfuneko onokuzithenga ezikhuselekileyo
zokucoca xa uphinda uthenga kwakhona:
Isoda yokubhaka (ibhiKharbonati yesoda) idumaza i-asidi kwaye icoca imigangatho emenyezelayo
ngaphandle kokuyikrwela. Icoca ze ipolishe i-aluminiyam, ikhrom, izihombiso ezinamatye anqabileyo, isilivere,
intsimbi engatyiwa ngumhlwa nenkcenkce. Kananjalo ikwasisithambisi-mpahla esilungileyo, isishenxisimabala kwaye yenza amanzi anomkhenkce anyibilike. Isusa ivumba elibi kwizikhenkcisi, kwitapeti ezinukayo,
impahla yendlu entofontofo nditsho nemijelo yamanzi amdaka. Kananjalo ingawucima nomlilo wamafutha.
Iboraksi, yiminerali yendalo ezenzekelayo enyibilikayo emanzini, isusa amavumba amabi, ishenxisa
amabala, ithomalalisa ukungunda nokuvunda kwaye inika amandla awongezelelekileyo isepha engumgubo
nezinye izicoci.
Ijusi yelamuni ishenxisa amavumba amabi, icoca iiglasi, isusa amabala kwi-aluminiyam kwaye yiblitshi
engekho bukhali esebenzayo kwizinto zewulu. Into enomdla yeyokuba isebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziswe
nesanlayithi.
Ityuwa isisikhuhli esinamandla xa kucocwa okanye kutyulwa izinto ezithile zesinyithi okanye zeplastiki, kodwa
ingazikrwela ezinye izinto nemigangatho.
Iviniga ithibaza iziseko-mandla ezinjengeesepha ze-alkali ze yethise nobuninzi be-pH. Isusa amafutha
emigangathweni kwaye sisinqandi-vumba esiphuma phambili. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iviniga kumatye agudiswayo
okuhombisa nanjengokuba inokwenza imingxuma kumphezulu wamatye lawo. Iviniga emhlophe ikulungele
ukusetyenziswa kuwo nawaphi na amalaphu amibala-bala angengomqhaphu nelineni.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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INKUNKUMA
Isoda yokuhlamba (isodiyam karboneyithi dikhahayidreyithi) yiminerali esusa amafutha anenkani, amafutha kwizinto zokugcada, iipani nezitovu zokubhaka. Ingasetyenziswa
nebhiKharbonati yesoda endaweni yezicoci zaselondri kwaye iyafumaneka ezikhemesti
nakwiivenkile ezithengisa ngamachiza.
Ezinye zeeresiphi zendalo zococeko emakhaya
Ezi resiphi zibaluleke kangaka zenziwa nguMuna Lakhani ezenzela i-Earthlife Africa’s Toxics Group, kwakunye
neCandelo loLawulo lweNkunkuma leSebe lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho.
Izihlaziyi-moya
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Isoda yokubhaka okanye iviniga esosini.
I-oli yeAromatheraphi.
Galela ivanila ecuntsulweyo kwibhola yomqhaphu esesosini ze uyibeke ekhaya
okanye emotweni okanye kwisikhenkcisi.
Qukumbela umphantsi webhokisi yenkunkuma ngesoda yokubhaka phambi
kokuba ugalele inkunkuma. Le nto iya kugxotha amavumba amabi iintsuku
eziliqela.
Isicoci sazo zonke izinto ekhaya
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Iviniga netyuwa.
Isepha elulwelo nesoda yokubhaka.
Isoda yokubhaka (ilungu e-1) kwakunye namanzi ashushu (amalungu ama-2).
Kwilitha yamanzi ashushu, yongeza itispuni e-1 (5ml) yesepha yolwelo, itispuni
e-1 (5ml) yeboraksi kwakunye ne-¼ yekomityi (62ml) yeviniga emhlophe
engaxutywanga. Kuxube konke oku ze ukugcine kwibhotile yesifefezi ukuze
ukusebenzise xa ucoca imiphezulu yeetafile, imigangatho, amadonga neetapeti.
Isicoci sebhafu neshawari
Sula ngeviniga ze ukorobhe ngesoda yokubhaka usebenzisa isiponji esifumileyo.
Izisusi-maqweqwe okanye amakhokho
Sebenzisa iviniga yococo-lwelo kumaqweqwe abukalika eziketileni nasezindlwini zangasese. Ijusi
yelamuni sisiqholi-vumba esingesinye esinokusetyenziswa kumabala etipoti.
Isibulali-zintsholongwane
Isi-½ sekomityi (125ml) yeboraksi kwisinyibiliko seelitha ezi-4½ zamanzi atshisayo singasetyenziswa
njengesicocisi. Iperoksayidi yeHidrojeni (isinyibiliko esiyi-3%) nayo ingasetyenziswa.
Isinyibilikisi-mafutha
Sebenzisa iviniga okanye ilamuni ukususa amafutha.
Isinyibiliko sokususa amafutha singenziwa ngokuxutywa kwesi-½ setispuni (2,5ml) yesoda yokuhlamba (sodiyam kharboneyithi okanye uthuthu lwesoda), amacephe ama-2 (30ml) eviniga emhlophe
kwakunye ne-¼ yetispuni (1ml) yesepha elulwelo kwakunye neekomityi ezi-2 (500ml)
zamanzi.
26
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
Isicocisi somashini wokuhlamba izitya
Umxube wezixa ezilinganayo zeboraksi nesoda yokubhaka (i-15ml leboraksi kwakunye
ne-15ml lesoda yokubhaka) ungasetyenziswa njengesicocisi somashini wokuhlamba izitya.
Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kukulungele, qhagamshelana nabavelisi bomashini wakho
ngokunxulumene neziphumo zokusebenzisa le mveliso kumashini wakho.
Isicoci-mijelo yamanzi amdaka
Ukucocwa rhoqo kwemijelo yamanzi amdaka kwakunye nokugalelwa kwamazi abilayo kule mijelo veki neveki
kungakhusela ukwakheka kwentsila ethi ithintele ukuhamba kwamanzi. Sebenzisa le ndlela ilandelayo ukucoca rhoqo
imijelo yakho yamanzi amdaka:
1. Galela isi-½ sekomityi (125ml) sesoda yokubhaka kwakunye nesi-½ sekomityi (125ml) seviniga emhlophe esinkini
yakho okanye kwimibhobho yemijelo yakho yamanzi amdaka.
2. Kogqume oku ze ukushiye kangangeeyure esi-2.
3. Pura oko ngamanzi abilayo.
Ukuba idreyini yakho ifuna ukuvulwa, sebenzisa iperoksayidi yehidrojeni (iyafumaneka ekhemesti) kwakunye
nesixhobo sokugqogqa impompo. Musa ukusebenzisa oku emva kokuba usebenzise isicoci esithengiswayo.
Isicoci-mgangatho nepolishi
•
•
•
•
•
IVinyl okanye ilinoliyam: isiciko esizeleyo (5ml) se-oli yentsana namanzi.
Imigangatho yeplanga: faka umaleko obhityileyo wezixa ezilinganayo ze-oli yemifuno kwakunye neviniga
emhlophe. Hlikihla kangangoko.
Imigangatho epeyintiweyo yeplanga: itispuni e-1 (5ml) yesoda yokuhlamba exutywe neelitha ezi-4
zamanzi ashushu.
Ithayile zamatye neebhloko: ikomityi e-1 (250ml) yeviniga emhlophe exutywe neelitha ezi-4½ zamanzi.
Pura ngamanzi acocekileyo emva kwayo yonke inkqubo.
IIzigxothi-zinambuzane
Sebenzisa iingcambu nezipayisi eziqholeke kakhulu nezinamavumba amnandi. I-oli yesitrasi, ilavenda, irozmeri,
iinkozo zepepile, itshilisi ebomvu egutyiweyo, inxina, amagqabi omthi ibheyi, i-oli yeklovu nomsedare zonke
zizigxothi-zinambuzane ezikhulu.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
27
INKUNKUMA
Izicoci zesinyithi nepolishi
•
•
•
•
•
•
I-Aluminiyam: sebenzisa intlama eyenziwe ngocwambu lwethathari namanzi.
Ixina: intlama yejusi yelamuni kunye nesoda yokubhaka OKANYE isinyibiliko seviniga netyuwa.
Ikhrom: i-oli yeentsana kunye neviniga OKANYE ifoyile ye-aluminiyam eneli cala limenyezelayo lijonge
ngaphandle.
Ubhedu: bilisa izinto ezo zobhedu kumxube wetyuwa (icephe eli-1/15ml), iviniga emhlophe (ikomityi
e-1 /250ml) kwakunye namanzi atshisayo.
Isilivere: yondlala ipani okanye imbiza ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam ze ke ubilise izinto ezo emanzini anetispuni
yesoda yokubhaka kwakunye netispuni yetyuwa.
Iintsimbi neenkcenkce ezingatyiwa-mhlwa: sebenzisa iviniga emhlophe engaxutywanga ukuzicoca.
Isisusi-kungunda
Khuhla amachaphaza okungunda ngesi-½ sekomityi (125ml) yeboraksi kwakunye neelitha ezi-4 zamanzi usebenzisa
umqamelwana wenayiloni wokukhuhla. Ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwakhona kokungunda, musa ukuyipura iboraksi.
Intlama yokutyula yetyuwa neviniga nayo ingasebenza.
Isicoci sesitovu sokubhaka
Yenza intlama engqindilili ngamanzi kunye nesoda yokubhaka ukuze ucoce ngayo isitovu sakho sokubhaka esimdaka.
Emva koko ke yishiye kangangemizuzu emi-3. Khuhla ngomqamelwana wokutyula wenayiloni. Ukuba isitovu
sinqashele ngamafutha, yongeza amathontsana ambalwa esepha yolwelo apha emxubeni. Isinyibiliko samanzi
neboraksi (amatispuni ama-2 kwilitha yamanzi) esifefezwe apha eludongeni lwesitovu sokubhaka naso singasebenza
kakuhle nje. Sebenzisa istiliwulu esicoleke kakhulu ukususa amachaphaza.
Yithi sasa ityuwa kwezi ndawo zichithekelweyo ngeli xesha isitovu sokubhaka siseshushu khon’ ukuze oko kukwenze
lula ukusuka kwawo sisakuphola isitovu.
Isisusi-mabala kumalaphu
Xuba ilungu eli-1 legliserina nelungu eli-1 lolwelo lwesicocisi sokuhlamba izitya zidityaniswe namalungu asi-8 amanzi
ze kufakwe kwezo ndawo zinamabala ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Liyeke ilaphu apho kangangemizuzu engama-20
(landise ixesha elo lokulinda kumabala anetshiki) ze uyihlambe into leyo ngokwesiqhelo nezinye impahla. Wugcine lo
mxube kwisikhongozeli ezicudisekayo.
28
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
Iimveliso zokucoca izindlu zangasese
Zama oku kulandelayo:
•
•
•
Faka iblitshi (engenasiseko-mandla seklorin) ngqo ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zokucoca.
Isoda yokubhaka neviniga.
I-¼ yekomityi (62ml) yeboraksi kwisihlalo sendlu leyo yangasese ze uyishiye iiyure ezimbalwa okanye ubusuku
bonke, ze ke emva koko ukhuhle ze ugungxule.
Ijusi yelamuni nayo ingadityaniswa ukwenza ivumba elimnandi.
Isicoci seefestile neeglasi
Sebenzisa amanzi adikidiki anejusi yelamuni (amacephe ama-2 /30ml) okanye iviniga (i-¼ yekomityi/62ml). Kuxube
oku ze ukugcine kwibhotile yokufefeza.
Ukuthintela izitshabalalisi
Iimbovane: Isifefezi esinamandla, ipepile yetshilisi ebomvu, umfuno obabayo ipaprika, inxina
eyomisiweyo okanye iboraksi xa iimbovane zingena ekhayeni lakho.
Amaphela: Yenza intlama yeboraksi, iflawa neswekile (zonke ezi mazilingane ngezixa) ze ugalele
itispuni yeTCP ze usasaze kumgangatho okummandla ozaliswe ngamaphela. Kuphinde oku emva
kweentsuku ezine ze uphinde kwakhona emva kweeveki ezimbini.
Amanundu: Yoneka iimpahla elangeni ze uzifake kwisikhongozeli okanye kwiqokobhe elingangeni
moya (njengesingxobo seplastiki) kunye neepakethana zelavenda okanye ingququ yomsedare.
Iintimba: Gxotha iintimba ngokubeka umxube weboraksi, iswekile kunye neviniga ezikhabhathini
nasezityesini.
Ukuba kuthe kwanyanzeleka ukuba uqhagamshelane neshishini eligxotha izitshabalalisi ukuba lize kugxothela
izitshabalalisi endlwini yakho, khangela eyona yenza imisebenzi yayo iyinakekele indalo, ikuthanda okusingqongileyo.
Inkampani enjalo iyakuya ngqo kwingxaki yakho yezitshabalalisi kwaye bayakuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi imveliso
enobungozi jikelele.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
29
INKUNKUMA
Izigxothi zezitshabalalisi zendalo ezigadini nakwizitiya zemifuno
Endaweni yokusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane nezibulali –zitshabalalisi egadini yakho, tyala izityalo eziziinkulelane,
lususe ngokuluhlakula ukhula ngesandla, ze utshive izityalo zakho ngamanzi anesepha ukunqanda izinambuzane.
Oku kuya kunciphisa ukufuna kwakho iimveliso eziqulathe izithako ezinobungozi neziyilimazayo indalo zitshabalalise
okusingqongileyo kwaye zibe zingakhuselekanga.
Xa utyala imbewu yakho, kungcono xa ‘utyala ngokuxuba’. Ngamanye amazwi oku kuthetha ukuba izithole zakho
zetswele zikhule phakathi kweminqatha, eli vumba lixubeneyo liyazixakekisa izitshabalalisi ze likhusele isitiya sakho
semifuno ekhulayo ekutyiweni zizitshabalalisi. Ezinye ‘izinqandi’ ezilungileyo ezinokutyalwa phakathi kwemifuno
ziquka amahlamvana okunonga anevumba elinamandla okanye izityalo ezifana nesivumba-mpunzi, itswele eliluhlaza
neemarigold. Itshayive negalika zigxotha iintwala zemithi ezintyatyambeni. Irozmeri, inxina, inastushemna, iseji
kwakunye nebheyizile zonke zisetyenziselwa ukugxotha izinambuzane ezibhabhayo neembovane.
30
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
INKUNKUMA
IINKCUKACHA ZOQHAGAMSHELWANO
NEZIBONELELO EZIKHOYO
IiNkonzo zokuThuthwa ukuCocwa nokuLahlwa kweNkunkuma kwisiXeko saseKapa (siquka iinkcukacha eziphathelele
kumaziko ekusiwa kuwo inkunkuma nokubika ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungekho mthethweni: Imibuzo jikelele:
0860 10 30 89.
IPhulo LobuLumko beNkunkuma lesiXeko saseKapa: Umnxeba (021) 400 3298/2292 okanye tyelela iwebhu yabo kuwww.wastewise.org.za.
INkqubo eBumbeneyo yoNaniselwano ngokusuka eNkunkumeni yaziswe ngokusesikweni sisiXeko saseKapa ngo-Meyi
kunyaka ka-2000 ngenjongo zokucutha isixa senkunkuma eyingozi esiwa ezitiphini. Tyelela u-www.capetown.gov.za/
IWEX ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezithe xhaxhe.
IZiko loLawulo lweNkunkuma lixhasa ulawulo lwenkunkuma olwamkelekileyo ngokusingqongileyo kwanoluxabisa
ngokufanelekileyo ngenjongo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo nokukhusela uMzantsi Afrika kuLawulo lweNkunkuma
olugwenxa: www.iwmsa.co.za.
ISebe likaZwelonke lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho luyile iincwadi ezilunge kakhulu zokusebenza
ngenkunkuma. Icandelo eliphezulu loLawulo lweNkunkuma (012) 310 3911, okanye: www.environment.gov.za.
IFairest Cape Association ngumbutho ongenzi nzuzo nongekho phantsi kolawulo lukaRhulumente eNtshona Kapa.
Uxhasa indalo nokusiNgqongileyo ngokuphilileyo nokucocekileyo ngokuvumela abantu ukuba babe nenxaxheba
kwaye babe nemfanelo ngenkunkuma: (021) 462 2040 okanye tyelela iwebhu yabo u-www.fairestcape.co.za.
INatural Step yenza imithetho-siseko yophuhliso olusisigxina ukuba isebenze ngokubonisa isakhelo salo kwimibutho
yoluntu. Tyelela u-: www.naturalstep.org/about/international.php#SouthAfrica.
Omnye umthombo olungileyo nguLakhani, Muna, Indlela yokwenza Ikhaya eliKhuselekileyo, Phucula iMpilo Yakho
nokusiNgqongileyo Kwakho. Iveliswe ngabakwa-Earthlife Africa Toxics Group, Novemba 2002.
IZiko eliyi-Institute for Zero Waste in Africa: i-imeyili: zerowaste@iafrica.com.
IMIBUTHO ERISAYIKILISHAYO
KwaSappi Waste Paper
(021) 930 7145
KwaNAMPAK Recycling
(021) 507 4300
KwaMondi Recycling
(021) 931 5106
Kwa-Oil Rose Foundation
(021) 448 7492.
Kwa-Oasis Recycling and Waste Management Project
(021) 671 5570
ETsoga Environmental Centre, Langa
(021) 694 0010
KwaFootprints
(021) 794 5586
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
31
INKUNKUMA
Abalimi Bezekhaya izitiya zemifuno
(021) 447 1256
IKommetjie Environmental Action Group
(021) 783 3433
Imibutho yesisa eyamkela ngovuyo iimpahla ukuze izilungise okanye izisebenzise kwakhona
Imibutho yesisa emininzi yamkela ngovuyo impahla yokuxhasa amakhaya ahlelelekileyo, okanye enokuthengiswa
ukuze kwakhiwe ingxowa-mali yemisebenzi yabo. Iimpahla ezi ziquka iimpahla zokunxiba, ifanitshala, iincwadi, izinto
zokudla nezinto zokusebenza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, imibutho le ingenza isicwangciso sokuba iimpahla ezo zilandwe
ekhayeni lakho.
32
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-Aids Action
(021) 948 7699
ICAFDA
(021) 706 2050
ILifeline
(021) 696 2100
IRed Cross Abantwana’s Hospital Friends of the Abantwana’s Hospital
(021) 658 5243
ISalvation Army
(021) 761 8530
I-ENEJI
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Ayikwazeki ukubonakala i-Eneji ngeliso lenyama
kwaye ayinazimpawu nazinto zibonakalayo.
Sibuqonda nje ubukho bayo ngenxa yefuthe
layo nezinto ezenzekayo – ubushushu, umbane,
amandla – kwaye silibona ixabiso layo ngezinto
ezenzayo apha kuthi. Imitha yelanga inika
i-eneji kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezigcina ubomi –
iguqula izixokelelwano zethu zemozulu, ivelisa
ubushushu kwaye ivumela izityalo ukuba zikhule
ze zivelise iziqhamo.
I-ENEJI
Umjikelo we-eneji
Umthombo we-eneji oshenxiseka ngokulula (njengomoya, ilanga okanye imithi) uthathwa njengokwaziyo
’ukuhlaziyeka’. Amafutha nepetroli anamajelo anqongopheleyo (nanjengokuba ethatha izigidi ngezigidi zeminyaka
ukuze aveliswe phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa nezikhethekileyo), njenge-oyile kwakunye namalahle, ajongwe
njengamajelo e-eneji ‘angahlaziyekiyo’.
Ukulinganisela i-eneji
IiNzululwazi ziyilinganisela i-eneji ngemilinganiselo yemivo ebizwa ngokuba ziijowule eziyimilinganiselo yomsebenzi
owenziwa ngumbane ze kubonakaliswe izixa njengeetoni ze-oyile. I-eneji idla ngokuchazwa njengombilini ovumela
ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi – isantya i-eneji esetyenziswa ngaso silinganiselwa ngokwewathi (W). Iwathi enye
ilingana ne-eneji edliwe ngokwesantya esiyijowule enye ngomzuzwana.
Ikilowathi e-1-ngeyure (kWh) li-1 000 leewathi ezisetyenziswe ngeyure
Okanye iiwathi ezingama-500 zisetyenziswe ngeeyure ezi-2.
Okanye iiwathi ezingama-2 000 zisetyenziswe ngesiqingatha seyure.
imegawathi = ne-1 000 000 (isigidi esi-1) zeewathi = ne-1 000 zee-kilowathi.
34
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
’Imitha yelanga yakudala’ – amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye
Uninzi lwamandla ethu lusuka kumafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye – amalahle, igesi kwakunye ne-oyile
ekhethekileyo, nezithe kule mihla zangamajelo abaluleke kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Imithombo ye-oyile oluthe
ushishino lwethu lwaxhomekeka kuyo ingamashumi ezigidi zeminyaka ubudala, isukela kumalwandle akudala
ayenyakazela sisityalo esincinane (esasinokubonwa kuphela zizibonakakhulu) nobomi bezilwanyana zangoko. Zathi
zakufa ezi zinto ziphilayo zenza udaka olutyebileyo lweziphili olwahlala emgangathweni wolwandle. Kwizigidigidi zeminyaka, ezi zoleko zacinizelwa zaxinzelelwa yintlenga engaphezu kwazo, nto leyo yazenza zaguquka
ngokucothayo zaba sisintsokotho semixube yeehidrojeni nembumba yeekharbon esizazi ngoku ngokuba yi-oyile.
Kwangale ndlela inye, amalahle eenzeka ngenxa yehlathi elangcwabekayo ngaphantsi emathunjini omhlaba.
Amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye ngokufutshane yi-eneji esuka elangeni – i-eneji yesola – eyagcinwa
kwinkqunto yesityalo. Ngamanye amaxesha Amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye abizwa ngokuba ‘yimitha
yelanga yamandulo’.
Ezinye zezinto esinokucinga ngazo
•
•
•
•
Ushishino lwethu xa lulonke luxhomekeke kwi-oyile. UMzantsi Afrika awunayo i-oyile yendalo. Le nto isenza
ukuba sixhomekeke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ngeli jelo libaluleke kangaka. Le nto ikwathetha ukuba yonke
imali esiyichitha e-oyileni iyemka kwisiXeko sethu nakwilizwe lethu.
Imithombo yamalahle neye-oyile inesiphelo. Ngenye imini iya kutsha iphele tu ngoko ke kufuneka sizilungiselele
oko. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imithombo yamalahle eMzansti Afrika ingagcinakala eminye iminyaka eli-150 ukuya
kwengama-200. Imithombo ye-oyile yona kuqikeleleka ukuba iyakutsha iphele kwisithuba seminyaka engama-40
ukuya kwengama-50 ukanti abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba iya kunqaba ngokunqaba imithombo ye-oyile
lingekazukufika nokufika kwa-elo xesha, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba lixhome kakhulu ixabiso le-oyile.
Itheknoloji eyenzelwe ukusebenzisa amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye ayisebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ubuninzi bepetroli esiyisebenzisayo iguqulwa ibe bubushushu obuyi-eneji (elahlekayo). Ilahleko kwinkqubo
yokuguqulwa xa umbane usenziwa naxa uthuthwa ithetha ukuba ngethuba ulayita
isibane sakho iya kuba sisi-2% kuphela se-eneji efumaneka emalahleni esebenzileyo.
Ukutshisa amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye kukhuphela kwi-atmosfera iigesi
ezinobungozi. Oku kungabanga ungcoliseko lwengingqi kwaye kungakhokelela
kwizifo zobunzima bokuphefumla nezinye. Kananjalo kusenokuba nefuthe elibi
kokusingqongileyo. Imbumba ye-Oksijeni ene-athom yeSulfure (SO2) ephuma
xa bekutshiswa amalahle inyibilika kumphunga wamanzi, nto leyo yenza i-asidi
yemvula. I-asidi yemvula iba nefuthe elibi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana xa ithe yawela
emhlabeni. Kungoku nje eyona ntsongelo yomngcipheko wentshabalalo enkulu
ziinguqu zemozulu okanye kukufudumala okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi. Ukwanda
kokutshiswa kwamafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye kule minyaka ilikhulu
idlulileyo kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona zinto zibe negalelo kakhulu kule meko.
I-eneji nenguqu kwimozulu
Umndilili weqondo lobushushu awutshintshanga ngaphantsi kweqondo elinye
ukwenyuka okanye ukwehla kule minyaka ili-10 000 idlulileyo. Kule minyaka
ili-100 idlulileyo, umndilili weqondo lobushushu emhlabeni unyuke malunga ne0,5ºC kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni lenyuke nge-2 ukuya
kwi-6º ngeSelsiyas kule minyaka ili-100 izayo. Kuqhubeka ntoni kanye kanye?
Iigesi zezindlu zohlaza zeglasi zandiswe zizinto ezenziwa ngabantu kule minyaka ili-100
idlulileyo. Obu bubushushu obugcayiseleyo
nobungumgibe kwi-atmosfera yethu benza
ukufudumala okungamkelekanga kwihlabathi.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
35
I-ENEJI
IKharbon dayokhsayidi (CO²) yenye yeegesi ezikwi-atmosfera
yethu. Ngo-1999 amanqanaba e-CO² ebephezulu nge32% kunamanqanaba ayekho phambi kwenkqubo
yoshishino lwezizwe. Iingcaphephe zeenzululwazi
zehlabathi ezikwiQumrhu leziRhulumente eziBambiseneyo
ngokuPhathelele kwiiNguqu kwiMozulu (IPCC) zigqibe
ekubeni ukwanda kwentlanganisela yeegesi kwi-atmosfera
ziziphumo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Ekwandeni kweegesi
zendlu yohlaza, kuthiwa ama-60% eKharbon dayokhsayidi
akhutshwa xa kutshiswa amafutha ezilwanyana zamandulo
ezaba lilitye. Ama-40% la ashiyekileyo yigesi yemethane
(CH4) esuka ezitiphini, inaytriyas okside (N2O) esuka
kwezolimo neechlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) ezisetyenziswa
kwizikhenkcisi nakwiizixhobo ezitshisa ulwelo ngoxinzelelo
lomoya. Ukwanda kwezi gesi kubangela ukuba ubushushu
bubambeke bujikeleze umhlaba.
Uninzi lwe-eneji yoMzansti Afrika lusuka emalahleni.
Umgangatho wamalahle oMzantsi Afrika awuxhomanga
kuya phi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izixa ezikhulu zeCO²
zikhutshelwe kwi-atmosfera xa amalahle athe atshiswa.
Umntu ngamnye eMzantsi Afrika ukhupha malunga neetoni
ezisi-8 zeCO² unyaka ngamnye. Oku kuphindaphinda
kabini umndilili weetoni ezi-4 zeCO² ezikhutshwa ngumntu
ngamnye kwihlabathi jikelele. Umndilili wentsalela yamazwe
elizwekazi lase-Afrika ukhupha umndilili wetoni e-1,1 yeCO²
umntu ngamnye.
Umndilili weKharbon ekhutshwa ngumntu ngonyaka
Isiphumo sale nto ayingomrhiba nje wokufudumala.
Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kushushubeza
amalwandle ethu, kuguqula amaza kutshintshe neendlela
umoya ohamba ngazo, yonke loo nto ibe nefuthe kwimozulu
yethu. Imikhenkce ekumiselwe kuyo incam yezwe sele iqalile
ukunyibilika kwaye loo manzi aloo mikhenkce enza ukuba
ubunzulu bamalwandle buye bunyukela phezulu nto leyo iya
kwenza ukuba iindawo ezomileyo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe
ngamanzi, iziqithi ezithile ziya kuphela emehlweni. Nezinye
izenzeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu zemozulu ziya kwenzeka.
Iinzululwazi eKapa zilindele ukuba izityalo ezikwisikumkani
sethu seentyatyambo siya kuphela njengokuba kubakho
imbalela kummandla lo. Iintlekele zendalo ezinjengemililo yamadlelo nezikhukhula kulindeleke ukuba zande
ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe zikhulu. Uphando olwenziwa kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa lubonisa ukuba iqondo elinye
obuya konyuka ngalo ubushushu – ekulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo – mhlawumbi
kungakhokelela ekwenyukeni kweziganeko zemililo nge-29%. Ngokubanzi iKapa liya koma kubalele, nto
leyo eyakwenza kulandele ukunqongophala kwamanzi. Ukuphazamiseka kolimo kuya kubanga ukufudukela
okongezekileyo kwabantu ezidolophini, nto leyo eya kongeza uxinzelelo kubukho bemithombo yokutya. Iinkqwithela
nezikhukhula, xa zithe zenzeka, ziya kuba nobungozi, zenze umonakalo omkhulu kudyudyuze neemvula ezingaphaya.
Izimbo ezitsha zemozulu ziya kwenza ukusasazeka kwezifo, izigulo ezinxulumene nobushushu kwakunye nezigulo
zokuphefumla. Iziphili ezincinane kakhulu ezisulelayo nezisasazeka emanzini nasekutyeni ziya kwanda. Kulindeleke
ukuba imalariya isasazeke kakhulu kulo lonke ilizwe lethu.
36
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
I-eneji nokungcoliseka komoya kwingingqi yethu
Ukutshiswa kwamafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye akupheleli nje ekusichaphazeleni ngokuphathelele
kwinguquko zemozulu kwihlabathi. Ungcoliseko lomoya lwengingqi olubangwa kukutshiswa kwamafutha eziphili
zamandulo ezaba lilitye kukwanegalelo elibi kwimpilo yethu nakokusingqongileyo. Ungcoliseko lomoya kwingingqi
yethu luyingozi kakhulu, ingakumbi ebantwaneni nasebantwini abadala okanye abakhokhobayo. Abantwana abaya
esikolweni behamba ecaleni kweendlela ezixakekileyo bakhathazwa kukunuka komsi okhutshwa ziimoto kwaye abo
kumawabo kusetyenziswa iparafini, amalahle neenkuni xa kuphekiwe okanye kubaselwe ukuzifudumeza emakhaya,
baya kuchaphazeleka lolu ngcoliseko lomoya lwasezindlwini. Inkungu emdaka yaseKapa ibangelwa ngumsi ophuma
kwii-ekzozo zeemoto zethu. Ezi gesi zijika zibe mdaka xa zidibene nelanga.
Ifoto: Tamara North
IProjekthi yoLawulo lokuLunga koMoya kwakunye nesiCwangcisoqhinga sokujongana noNgcoliseko loMoya eKhayelitsha (KAPS)
UmThetho wobuLunga boMoya (ka-2005) ukhusela ilungelo lethu lokubanokusiNgqongileyo
okucocekileyo nokuphilileyo. Umthetho lo ufuna ukuba isiXeko sakhe iQhinga loLawulo lobuLunga
boMoya (AQMP), nethe idrafti yoku yapapashwa ngoMeyi ka-2005 ukuze uluntu lube nokwenza
amagqabantshintshi. Eyona projekthi ibalulekileyo yesiXeko yeyesiCwangciso-qhinga soNgcoliseko loMoya
eKhayelitsha(KAPS). Iziphumo zokuphononongwa kwamaqondo eparticulate (PM10) eKhayelitsha ngonyaka ka-2004
zibonakalise ukuba ezi mpawu eKhayelitsha zingama-90% ngaphezulu kombindi wedolophu kwaye zingama-70%
ngaphezulu kwaseGoodwood.
Ngeenjongo zokuphendulana nolo celo-mngeni lala maqondo e-PM10 aphezulu afunyenweyo, isiXeko saseKapa
sigqibe ekubeni siseke iKAPS. Iinjongo zale projekthi kukufumanisa owona mthombo uphambili wee-PM10 ze
kwenziwe umsebenzi wophando lomalathisi-ndlela ukuze kucuthwe amaqondo ongcoliseko-moya eKhayelitsha.
Iprojekthi le iya kuhlola amashishini namakhaya angama-600. Abantu basekuhlaleni ngabo abaza kuqeqeshelwa
ukwenza olo phando babale nezithuthi ezindleleni. Iziphumo zophando ziya kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa indlela
yokusebenzisa iqhinga eli gabalala ukuze kucuthwe ungcoliseko moya kwimimandla enamatyotyombe.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
37
I-ENEJI
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
I-ENEJI KWISIXEKO SETHU
IKapa lizingenisela udumo lokwaziwa njengesixeko esithatha amanyathelo agqibeleleyo kwanokuhlahla indlela
ngemakwenziwe ngophuhliso olusisigxina lwe-eneji. IsiXeko saseKapa ibe sisixeko sokuqala sase-Afrika ukwakha
isiCwangciso-qhinga sokuGuquka kweMozulu ne-Eneji (ngo-2005). Esi sicwangciso sisekela uluntu lwesiXeko
umbono wokuhanjiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-eneji esisigxina nehambisana ngokufanelekileyo nangokuphilileyo
nokusingqongileyo. Isicwangciso esi sisekele icandelo elingundoqo lezothutho, unikezelo-mbane, abahlali,
urhulumente norhwebo kwakunye noshishino izinto ekujoliswe kuzo ezinokubalwa ngokucacileyo.
Izinto eziphambili ekujoliswe kuzo sisiCwangciso-qhinga seKapa sokuGuquka kweMozulu
ne-Eneji
•
•
•
•
38
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
i-10% lawo onke amakhaya ayakuba enezifudumeze-manzi zesola (SWH) ngonyaka ka-2010
ama-30% awo onke amakhaya ayakuba esebenzisa izibane ezibengezelayo ezibumbeneyo (CFLs) ngonyaka
ka-2010 ze ibe ngama-90% amakhaya ngonyaka ka-2020
Zonke izindlu ezifumaneke ngokoncedo-mali lukarhulumente ziyakuba zisilingiwe ngonyaka ka-2005
I-eneji ehlaziyekayo iya kuquka i-10% yayo yonke i-eneji esetyenzisiweyo sisiXeko ngonyaka ka-2020
I-ENEJI
Ingaba isukaphi i-eneji yethu?
Kumathuba amaninzi imijelo yokufumana amafutha eKapa mide ngohlobo olungathethekiyo. I-oli ekrwada
iziswa apha ngeenqanawa, ihamba umgama okwisithuba se-10 000 km ngobude, ikakhulu isuka eMiddle East.
Impontshelwa elunxwemeni eSaldanha Bay, ndawo leyo ekumgama we-120 km ngasentla kweKapa, ze ke ihanjiswe
ngemibhobho ukusiwa kumzi wokucokisa okumgama we-15 km ukusuka embindini wesixeko, kwaCaltex eMilnerton.
Ukusuka kulo mzi wokucokisa, kukhutshwa iindidi zamafutha alulwelo – ipetroli, idizili, iparafini nerhasi – zisiwe
kwiidepho ezithatha izambuku nakubasasazi abancinane.
I-eneji yombane itsalwa kwisixokelelwano seentambo zikazwelonke zentsimbi ezizisa umbane – ama-95% aloo
mbane uveliswa ecaleni kwemigodi yamalahle eMpumalanga, ze i-5% yona iveliswe eKoeberg Nuclear Power Station,
ezinze eWest Coast, kumgama wama-45 km ngentla kombindi wedolophu.
Umbane usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngesixokelelwano seentambo zombane sika-Eskom ze ekugqibeleni usasazelwe
kwimizi-mveliso, kumashishini ngamashishini nasemakhaya, ukhutshwa ngqo ngu-Eskom okanye sisiXeko
esineempepha-mvume zokusasaza umbane. Ilahleko ye-eneji ebalulekileyo (ingade iye kuma kwi-15% ukuya
kuma-20%) yenzeka ngethuba lenkqubo yokusasazwa nokugqithiselwa kombane.
Ukugqithiselwa kombane ukusuka kwiziko lombane ukuya emakhaya
Iparafini, igesi, ipetroli nedizili zonke zenziwa nge-oli ecokisiweyo. Amakhandlela enziwa ngamafutha
(isiveliso esilisolotya se-oli). Isitokhwe samalahle sona sihanjiswa ngololiwe ukusuka kumajelo kazwelonke. Asuka
eMpumalanga ixesha elininzi ehamba umgama omalunga ne-1 500km.
Uninzi lwe-eneji esiyisebenzisayo njengepetroli, iparafini negesi inikezelwa kuthi kusetyenziswa iinkampani zabucala
nabathengisi abathengisa ngemiyinge . Urhulumente kazwelonke uyawalawula amaxabiso ekuthengiswa ngawo la
mafutha. Umgaqo siseko umisele into yokuba luxanduva lwesiXeko ukufaka nokwahlula umbane negesi.
Umbane
Okwalo mzuzu umbane waseKapa unikezwa isiXeko ngu-ESKOM. U-Eskom unikezela ngqo kubathengi,
ngokugunyaziswa sisixeko, malunga nama-25% ombane. Oshiyekileyo umbane unikwa isiXeko saseKapa siwusasaze
ngesaso isixokelelwano.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
39
I-ENEJI
’IREDS: Ukusasazwa koMbane eNgingqini
Uwiso-mthetho luphunyeziwe ukuze kusekwe Abasasazi beNgingqi Bombane (iREDs), kujoliswe
ekuhlanganiseni abasasazi abaninzi abanamaphepha-mvume ukuze benze isixokelelwano sabasasazi
esisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nesabelana kakuhle nangokulinganayo ngenzuzo. Okwangoku kukho
malunga nama-200 abasasazi abasemthethweni abasebenzisa izintlu ezahlukeneyo zamaxabiso
angaphezulu kwama-2 000. Ukunqongophala kwengcaciso ngokwasemthethweni ngokuphathelele
kunxulumano phakathi kweREDs kwakunye nooMasipala, ngakumbi ngokuphathelele nemfanelo
kaMasipala ngokomgaqo-siseko yokuba umasipala asasaze umbane kubambezele ukwakhiwa kweREDs esebenza
ngokufezekileyo. Kodwa ke urhulumente kazwelonke uzibophelele kwinkqubo yeREDs kwaye unethemba lokuba
iinzima ngokomthetho ziza kusonjululwa. IREDs ibonakala ngathi iveza amathuba okukhuthaza isithethe esitsha
sokunikezelwa kweenkonzo ze-eneji – ikhuthaza ukunikezwa ngegesi, i-eneji ehlaziyekayo, uveliso oluncinci lombane
kwakunye nezifudumezi-manzi zesola ezihambisana neendlela zakudala zokusasazwa kombane.
Umbane olijelo elihlaziyekayo – ifama
iDarling wind
Kananjalo icandelo lokwakha ngokutsha umbane lenze kwakwazeka
ukuveliswa kombane ngaBavelisi Bamandla Abazimeleyo. IDarling
ezinze malunga nama-70 km ngasentla kweKapa linxiwa lokuqala
lefama yoshishino enephiko lomsinga womoya lokwenza i-eneji
eMzantsi Afrika. Le fama iza kuphuhliswa kwiqela lezigaba, isigaba
sokuqala kukukhupha isixa se- 5,2MW kwiinjini zomsinga womoya
ezine ze-1,3MW. Ekugqibeleni iyakukhupha isixa se-13MW kwiinjini zomsinga womoya ze-1,3MW. Iprojekthi le kubonakele ukuba
inokusebenza ngokorhwebo ekubeni kuye kwathi ngokwamkelekayo
kwafikelelwa kwisiGqibo sokuThengwa kwAmandla (PPA) phakathi
komphuhlisi kwakunye nesiXeko saseKapa. Isixeko siza kuhlawula
umrhumo ukuthenga umbane ohlaziyekayo, njengenxalenye yokuzibophelela kwesiXeko ekufikeleleni kwinto esijolise kuyo yokuba
ne-10% ye-eneji ehlaziyekayo ngonyaka ka-2020. IsiXeko sizimisele
ukuthengisela umbane otsalwa kwindalo abathengi abasiqondayo
isidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo angawo ngokuphathelene nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Isigaba so-1 seDarling kukushenxisa i-13,2 GWh lokuveliswa kombane obaselwe ngamalahle nyaka ngamnye – nto
leyo eya kuthoba uxinzelelo kwisixokelelwano sethu sikazwelonke kwanokucutha ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Izingcolisi eziyakuphetshwa kwanamajelo ayakongiwa kwixesha xa lilonke leprojekthi le ziquka:
•
•
•
•
•
40
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
ukukhutshwa kweetoni ezingama-258 192 zeKharbon dayokhsayidi
iitoni ezili-2 234 zesalfa dayokhsayidi
iitoni ezingama-1 111,4 zenitrik oksayidi
iitoni eziyi-58 zeeparticulate
iitoni ezili-142 560 zamalahle
I-ENEJI
•
•
iitoni eziyi-42 240 zengququ yeentsimbi kwakunye nothuthu oluphephethekayo
iilitha ezingama-369,6 yezigidi zamanzi
Umbane ‘otsalwa kwimithombo yendalo’ uya kuthengiswa ngokomrhumo kwaye uza kudinga inkxaso yabemi
abazikhathazayo nabezoshishino. Imibuzo ephathelele ekuthengweni kombane otsalwa kwindalo ingabhekiswa
kuMphathi weGreen Energy Project, Inkonzo zoMbane, IsiXeko saseKapa, PO Box 82, Cape Town 8000 okanye
ngomnxeba ku-(021) 446 2015. Kananjalo imibuzo ingathunyelwa ku- brian.jones@capetown.gov.za.
Umbane wamandla enyukliya
Isi-5% somxube wesizwe wombane wethu uvela kwiziko lamandla enyukliya loMzantsi Afrika ekukuphela kwalo,
iKoeberg esecaleni kweKapa. Urhulumente no-Eskom bajonge ukuphuhlisa nangakumbi umthamo wenyukliya
ngokuphuhliswa kwetheknoloji yeengqalutye ipebble-bed.
Amaxhala amakhulu angokuguquka kwemozulu okubangwa yintlanganisela yeKharbon dayokhsayidi kwi-atmosfera
(nalapho ukuveliswa kombane obaselwa ngamalahle ingunobangela omkhulu) abangele ukuba abanye abantu
bakholelwe ukuba amandla enyukliya angasisisombululo sethutyana esibalulekileyo. Ukungxamiseka kwesidingo
sokuthatha amanyathelo angqingqwa ukuthibaza ukukhutshwa kweKharbon kuyinene enkulu. Kodwa ke abanye
basakhathazekile kakhulu malunga neengozi zenkunkuma yenyukliya kwaye abasiginyi ncam isimo oluya kuba kuso
ushishino xa kuthe kwakhethwa olu hlobo lwe-eneji. Kumawaka-waka ale minyaka yenyukliya, ‘inqanaba elisezantsi’
lenkunkuma yenyukliya liseyityhefu eyingozi kakhulu, lo gama kungekho nenye indawo ehlabathini ekugunyazisayo
ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya ‘ekwinqanaba eliphezulu’ – nkunkuma leyo inokuba namandla okutshabalalisa
ngokuqhushumba emva kweminyalka engaphaya kwe-100 000+ ikhona. Inkunkuma ‘ekwinqanaba elisezantsi’
yaseKoeberg ingcwatywe emathunjini omhlaba eVaalputs eNamaqualand. Yona inkunkuma ‘ekwinqanaba eliphezulu’
isahleli elugcinweni kweli ziko laseKoeberg. Amalahle abaselwa ngomlilo kwakunye netheknoloji yenyukliya zisekelwe
ekusetyenzisweni kwamajelo aphelayo (amalahle neyuranium) kwaye zinxulunyaniswa nobungozi obudlululileyo
kokusingqongileyo. Izisombululo zexesha elide ze-eneji kufuneka zijonge ekuphuhlisweni kweetheknoloji zemithombo
ye-eneji ezicocekileyo nezihlaziyekayo.
Ukusuka kwiintambo zamandla ombane ukuya ekhaya
Amakhaya amaninzi eKapa afumana umbane kwisixokelelwano
seentambo zentsimbi ezizisa umbane. Zibini izixokelelwano
zokuhlawulela umbane. Ngokwendlela endala, eyiyinkqubo
yeemeta zesikweliti, unikwa umbane inyanga yonke ze ufumane
i-akhawunti yaloo mbane ngempela-nyanga, ngokuxhomekeke
kubungakanani bombane owusebenzisileyo. Inkqubo yemeta
ehlawulelwa ngenxeni engaphambili ifuna ukuba uthenge
umbane kwasekuqaleni – le nto iyafana ne-airtime oyithengayo
phambi kokuba utsale umnxeba kwiselula yakho.
Ixabiso lombane lilawulwa nguMlawuli woMbane kaZwelonke
eMzantsi Afrika (NERSA). Ngeenjongo zokucutha intlupheko,
urhulumente wenze isibonelelo sesixa sombane esingama-50
kWh esithi sinikwe simahla loo makhaya asebenzisa umbane
omncinci. EKapa, umbane wentsusa wasimahla (FBE) unikwa
naliphi na ikhaya elithenga umyinge wombane wama-400 kWh
ngenyanga.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
41
I-ENEJI
Ngokomthetho akuvumelekanga ukutshintsha iintambo okanye
ukuphazamisana nokusebenza kwebhokisi yombane. Le nto ingakhokelela
ekucinyelweni umbane ze uhlawuliswe imali yokuphinda ufakelwe
umbane. Okwangoku kwabaqalayo ukona le ntlawulo imalunga
nama-R2 000 apho kuye kwaphazanyiswa ukusebenza kwebhokisi
yombane kwaze kwafuneka ukuba makuphinde kufakwe enye ibhokisi,
ukanti xa kuthe kwenziwa ukuba ibhokisi mayingabali, kodwa ibe
ingonakaliswanga, intlawulo imalunga ne-R1 000. Ukunyikinyela,
uphazamisana nokusebenza kwebhokisi yakho yombane kukwayingozi
enkulu kwaye ungakubhabhisa nombane okanye wenzeke umlilo okanye
uzenze zombini ezi zinto.zombini ezi zinto.
Ukuqonda i-akhawunti yakho yombane
Imali nesixa sombane owusebenzisa kwinyanga nganye kwisithuba
seenyanga ezili-12 sisetyenziselwa ukubala umyinge wokusebenzisa
kwakho umbane ngenyanga. IsiXeko sazi ngale nto ukuba
usebenzisa umbane omninzi okanye omncinci ummo wakho.
Amaxabiso ombane ayaphononongwa ze andiswe ekuqaleni
kukaJulayi minyaka le. Amaxabiso ombane abizwa sisiXeko alawulwa
nguMlawuli we-Eneji kaZwelonke eMzansti Afrika. Njengoko
u-Eskom efuna ukuhlaziya amaziko amandla ombane ukuze aphinde
asebenze kwaye ukwafuna nokwakha nezinye iindawo zokuvelisa
umbane, kulindeleke ukuba amaxabiso ombane axhume kakhulu
kuyo yonke indawo eMzantsi Afrika kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.
Owasekhaya 1 (abasebenzisa umbane omninzi): Ukuba ikhaya
lakho lithenga umbane ongaphezulu kwama-600 kWh ngenyanga,
uya kuhlawuliswa umrhumo wosuku we-R2,39. Le nto yenzeka
nokuba umbane usetyenzisiwe okanye awusetyenziswanga.
Ngaphezulu, i-kWh nganye ethengiweyo (intlawulo
ye-eneji) iya kukutya iisenti ezingama-36,72 xa kudityaniswe
nerhafu-ntengo (VAT).
Owasekhaya 2 (abasebenzisa umbane omncinane): Ukuba ikhaya
lakho lisebenzisa umbane ongaphantsi kwe-600 kWh ngenyanga,
awusayi kuhlawuliswa umrhumo wosuku, uya kuhlawula nje
intlawulo ye-eneji equka imadlana encinci engumrhumo wenkonzo
eyakhelwe apha kweli xabiso. I-kWh nganye oyisebenzisileyo iya
kuxabisa ama-48,94 eesenti xa kudityaniswe nerhafu-ntengo (VAT).
Nakubeni nje eli xabiso likhangeleka lingaphezulu kwelabantu
abasebenzisa umbane omninzi, enyanisweni akunjalo kuba
akudityaniswanga namrhumo wosuku apha. Ukuba ikhaya lakho
lithenga umyinge wama-400kWh nangaphantsi ombane ngenyanga,
uya kufumana ama-50 kWh simahla, kanye ngenyanga.
42
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
isibonelelo
sasimahla
sombane
wentsusa
iiyunithi
ezithengiweyo
usebenzisa
umbane omncinci:
umlinganiselo
wekhaya 2
isixa-mali seyunithi
ezithengiweyo
amanani
okufaka
umbane
umbane uthengwe
esuphamakethe,
evenkileni
yengingqi,
esikroxweni,
eposini
(Iireyithi ezikowutiweyo zesesithuba esisuka kuJulayi
2007ukuya kuJuni 2008)
I-ENEJI
Imitha yombane wesikweliti
isixa sombane osetyenzisiweyo (umyinge ngosuku)
ukusetyenziswa kombane kwiintsuku ezibhalwe kwimitha
isixa esityalwayo sombane
iinkcukacha zemitha zithathwe
ngesithathi-zinkcukacha zemitha
14% VAT
umlinganiselo womrhumo wekhaya
usebenzisa umbane omninzi – umlinganiselo wekhaya 1
• ama-450 kWh/ngenyanga uhlawulela inkonzo yama-R38,40/ngenyanga.
• i-R0,2919/kWh yeyombane osetyenzisiweyo
Iphepha-ntlawulo lemitha esezihlawulelwe lesiXeko saseKapa
Ukuze ufumane umbane wakho wasimahla ongama-50 kWh, kufuneka uye kwindawo ethengisela umbane, uwufune
khona. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uthenge umbane ukuze ufumane lo wasimahla uwabelweyo.Kodwa ke, lo mbane
wabiwe ngokwendlela ‘kayisebenzise okanye uphulukana nayo’.
Umndilili wekhaya elinengeniso ephakathi eKapa usebenzisa malunga nama-774 kWh/ngenyanga. Umndilili wekhaya
elinengeniso esezantsi usebenzisa ama-369 kWh/ngenyanga.
Yinyaniso kakade ukuba ubungakanani bombane osetyenziswa likhaya lakho buxhomekeke kakhulu kwinani
labantu abahlala kweli khaya, ingaba unayo na igiza yombane okanye hayi, kwakunye nenani lezinto zombane
ozisebenzisayo ekhaya.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
43
I-ENEJI
Ukuthenga umbane
Ukuba unebhokisi yombane ohlawulelwa ngenx’ engaphambili endlwini yakho, umbane ungawuthenga nakweyiphi
na ivenkile, isikroxo nditsho nakweyiphi na irenke apha esiXekweni. Xa usiya kuthenga umbane, phatha ikhadi
lakho lombane okanye amaphepha-ntengo akho adlulileyo ombane anenombolo yebhokisi yombane yakho. Ukuba
ungumthengi-ngqo ku-ESKOM, uyakusebenzisa kwale nkqubo, kodwa umahluko nje ngowokuba kufuneka uthenge
kuphela kwiindawo zakwa-Eskom nazo ezifumanekayo ezivenkileni, ezikroxweni nasezirenkini kwiindawo u-Eskom
asebenza kuzo. Ukuba ufuna uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendawo ezithengisa umbane, tyelela u-www.capetown.gov.za
ze ucofe inkomba ethi, ‘Electricity’.
Umbane ungathengwa kwi-intanethi kusetyenziswe amakhadi ebhanki esikweliti okanye ngeselula. Ukuze ezi ndlela
zimbini zisebenze, kufuneka ubhalise kwiwebhu efanelekileyo:
Ukuba uphansti kwePeninsula, tyelela u-: www.energy.co.za
Ukuba uphantsi kweTygerberg, tyelela u-: www.ipay.co.za
Ukuba uphantsi kweHelderberg/ Oostenberg tyelela u-: www.ibuy.co.za
Loo makhaya ahlawula umbane ngokwenkqubo yesikweliti, aya kufumana i-akhawunti eposini kwinyanga nganye. Le
akhawunti nayo ingahlawulwa nge-intanethi, eposini kwakunye neevenkile ezikhethiweyo.
Amafutha alulwelo
Ipetroli nedizili zithengiswa ziinkampani ze-oli ezigaraji. IsiXeko saseKapa sinyanzelisa umthetho ongqongqo
wokukhethelwa kwegaraji umhlaba kwaneemfuneko zokhuseleko xa kuza kwakhiwa igaraji. Amaxabiso epetroli
nawedizili alawulwa de kuye kuma kwixabiso elinikwa umthengi ngunovenkile, apho athi urhulumente anike
abasemagunyeni kwisithili ngasinye elona xabiso liphezulu livumelekileyo lokuthengisa.
Iparafini yona ayilawulwa ngqongqo njengepetroli nedizili
ngokuphathelele ekusasazweni kwayo, kwaye yona ikhokelwa
kakhulu yinkqubo yentengiso yayo. Iparafini isasazwa ukusuka
kwiindawo ezicokisayo iye kwiidepho zeenkampani ze-oyile ezithenga
ngokwezambuku, ihanjiswa ngendleka kakhulu. Emva koko ke ithi
isasazwe kwiivenkilana ezincinci kuso sonke isiXeko esi. Urhulumente
ilawula ixabiso lehoseyile kuphela leparafini ze emva koko acebise
ngexabiso elinokusetyenziswa ngoonovenkile, eliquka ama-33%
anokongezwa ngaphezulu kwexabiso lehoseyile. Amaxabiso
angehluka kakhulu. Ngonyaka ka-2003 urhulumente uye wayisusa
iVAT kwiparafini, nto leyo eye yanciphisa ixabiso leparafini nge-14%.
Kodwa ke kukho izikrokro zokuba esi sibonelelo asifikeleli kubathengi.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Irhasi/ igesi(LPG) ihanjiswa ukusuka kwindawo yokucokisa
eMilnerton isiwe kubasasazi abakhulu ze ke emva koko iye kubasasazi
abaphakathi. Isixokelelwano sokusasazwa kweLPG sikude le ngokuphuhla xa sithelekiswa neseparafini, mhlawumbi
kuba kufuneka ubugoci-goci obuthile bokhuseleko phambi kokuba kumiswe umzi werhasi. Kananjalo uthutho
lwamatanki eLPG luyabasokolisa abathengi. Okwangoku akukho lulawulo lwexabiso lweLPG.
Ijeli ye-ethanol yijeli eluhlaza engamafutha okulayita neyenziwe kwizityalo ezinjengeswekile nombona.
Ingasetyenziswa ekuphekeni endaweni yeparafini. Nanjengoko ingenakuchitheka, ubungozi bayo abufani
44
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
nobeparafini. Kananjalo ayingcolisi kakhulu. Nakubeni nje la mafutha engekabikho eKapa, urhulumente uyawaxhasa
kwaye kufanele ukuba ibe nokufumaneka kungekudala.
Amalahle neenkuni
Amalahle akanamthetho ungqingqwa athengiswa ngawo yaye athengiswa ngosomashishini abazimeleyo. Ngenxa
yokuba kude kwemigodi, umbane wamalahle uxabisa kakhulu yaye usetyenziswa kancinci eKapa. Iinkuni kwamanye
amakhaya zisetyenziselwa ukupheka nokotha okanye zisetyenziselwe imisetyenzana ethile njengokoja inyama
nokupheka utywala. Ezinye iinkuni zigawulwa nje kumahlathana emithi engingqi.
IKapa liphonononga uMthetho kaMasipala wesiFudumezi-manzi seSola
Isifudumezi-manzi sesola sisebenzisa ubushushu belanga ukufudumeza amanzi, nto leyo ethi inciphise
ngokungathethekiyo imfuneko yombane (jonga Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo apha ngezantsi). IsiXeko saseKapa
silandelisa isiCwangciso-qhinga se-Eneji neNguquko yeMozulu (2005) ngoMthetho kaMasipala sesiFudumezi-manzi
seSola (SWH). Ukuba lo mthetho upasisiwe, isiXeko siya kuba sisixeko sokuqala eMzantsi Afrika, sibe sesinye sezixeko
ezimbalwa eziphambili ehlabathini ukuqondisa ulawulo lwe-eneji yommandla ngomThetho kaMasipala wesiFudumezimanzi seSola.
Idrafti yomThetho kaMasipala wesiXeko saseKapa ufuna ukuba zonke izakhiwo ezitsha apha esiXekweni, kwakunye
nazo zonke izakhiwo ezixonyezelelwa kwizakhiwo esele zikhona, ezizakufuna amanzi ashushu, zisebenzise
izixokelelwano zezifudumezi-manzi zesola. Ukanti umthetho lo uyazixolela ezo zindlu zingasayi kuzilungela
izixokelelwano ezilolo hlobo – ngenxa yezizathu zobume okanye iimbali zesakhiwo eso. Umthetho kamasipala lo
awenzelwa ukuba mawufake nabani na ebunzimeni, kwaye ukuba ixabiso lesifudumezi-manzi sesola lingaphezulu
kwe-5% yexabiso lokwakhiwa kwendlu le xa lilonke, isakhiwo eso kufanelekile ukuba sixoleleke.
Ukuwiswa komthetho kamasipala linyathelo lokuqala. Ukwenza ukuba umthetho kamasipala uphumelele,
ngokwezinto ojoliswe kuzo, ngowona mceli-mngeni lowo. Eyona nto iphambili ifunekayo kule nto kukuqinisekisa
ukuba isiseko esisebenza ngokukuko sikhona kwaye siya kuqinisekisa ababandakanyekayo ukuba izifudumezimanzi zesola zizakusebenza ngokobuxhakaxhaka bazo, ifuthe nokongiwa okulindelekileyo kwe-eneji ngophuhliso
nokusingqongileyo kuya kuphunyezwa ngohlobo ekubekwe ngalo kumthetho kaMasipala.
Uthutho kwisiXeko sethu
EKapa, nanjengazo zonke izixeko zoMzantsi Afrika, abantu bahlala ngokuthe saa kwaye nemithetho yobandlululo
yenza ukuba abantu bahlale kude kuneendawo abasebenza kuzo, nto leyo yenza ukuba abantu bahambe imigama
emide ngezinto ezikhwelwayo mihla le. Izithuthi zikawonke-wonke lolona hlobo lothutho lusetyenziswa kakhulu
eKapa. Phakathi konyaka ka-1990 noka-2000 ubunini-zithuthi buye banda ngama-45% eKapa. Ngaphaya
kwesiqingatha se-eneji esetyenziswayo eKapa, isetyenziswa kuthutho lwabantu. Uthutho lelona candelo livelisa i-CO²
eninzi kakhulu ebangela ukuguquka kwemozulu.
Kananjalo ukutsha kwepetroli nedizili kunegalelo elingathethekiyo lokukhutshwa kwenitrojeni nesalfa esixekweni.
Amasuntswana enitrik okside enza inkungu emdaka ebonakala gca phezu kweKapa kwiintsuku ekungekho
moya ngazo. Urhulumente kazwelonke uyila ukucoca amafutha ethu ezithuthi esebenzisa isicwangciso-qhinga
sokukhutshwa komsi zizithuthi seSebe lemiCimbi yokusiNgqongileyo noKhenketho. Ilothe yashenxiswa ngokwezigaba
ngonyaka ka-2006. Iziguquli ezibumbanisa iziqalelo zemichiza ziza kufakelwa kuzo zonke izithuthi ezitsha (ezisuka
phesheya kwanezo zenziwa kweli) ngonyaka ka-2008. Kodwa ke, izithuthi ezidala zisesezindleleni zethu. Nakubeni
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
45
I-ENEJI
nje kusenziwa izinto ukuphucula amafutha ethu ezithuthi, iityhefu
eziyingozi zisekho kula mafutha kwaye zikhathazisa ngempilo
abo bahlala kufutshane neendlela ezixakekileyo. Ukucuthwa
kwamafutha asetyenziswayo iseyeyona nto ibalulekileyo
emakujoliswe kuyo.
IGunya lezoThutho kwisiXeko esiliKomkhulu lasungulwa ngonyaka
ka-1998/9 laza ke iqela lemisebenzi yezothutho lanikelwa
kwisiXeko ukuba siyilawule, kodwa ke ilungelo lothutho ngololiwe
lisengumsebenzi worhulumente kazwelonke. Iphondo kwakunye
nesiXeko saseKapa bakwinkqubo yokwakha ngokutsha ukusebenza
kothutho lukawonkewonke. Nanjengoko ulawulo lweenkonzo
zothutho ngololiwe lungekho phantsi kwalamagunya olawulo, icala
abajonge kulo zizithuthi ezihamba ngendlela. Iqela leeprojekthi
zeebhayisikili kwakunye namalungiselelo agxile kubahambi
ngeenyawo ayaxhaswa sisixeko. Kananjalo isiXeko sinamanyathelo
esiwathabathayo ukulawula izimbo zophuhliso nokukhula
kweedolophu ukwenzela ukucutha umgama ophakathi kweendawo
zokuhlala neendawo zengqesho.
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
46
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
NguMetrorail onikeza iinkonzo zabahambi ngololiwe eKapa.
UGolden Arrow Bus Services nguye yedwa ojongene nenkonzo
yokuhambisa abantu ngeebhasi ezihamba ngamaxesha athile
eKapa. Iiteksi zona zizisebenzela nganye okanye ibe lishishinana
elincinci kwaye kufuneka ukuba zisebenze ngokwamaphephamvume athi akhutshwe liBhunga leNgingqi lezoThutho ngeNdlela
(maphepha lawo azakwenziwa amaphepha-mvume aqinisekisiweyo
ngokomthetho njengenxalenye yenkqubo karhulumente yokwakha
inkqubo yeeteksi ngokutsha). Iiteksi zisebenzisa iirenke ezimalunga
nama-80 ezisesikweni nezinye iindawo ezimalunga ne-100.
Kukho iinkonzo ezincedisayo kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, iinkonzo ezithatha abantu zibasondeze kwiindlela ezitenxileyo
ezindleleni ezinde nezimxinwa apho abantu bathathwa bothulwe kwizitalato ezixakekileyo. Inkqubo karhulumente
yokwakhiwa ngokutsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo iiteksi ijoliswe ekuphunguleni ukuxinaniswa kwabantu
kwanokuphungula inani lezithuthi ezindleleni.
I-ENEJI
AMANDLA KWIKHAYA LAKHO
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Ingxelo ngesiMo saMandla eKapa ibonisa ukuba amakhaya asebenzisa i-15% yawo onke amandla asetyenziswa
eKapa ne-38% yawo wonke umbane osetyenziswayo. Izibaso ezilulwelo kwezothutho zisisiqingatha sawo onke
amandla asetyenziswayo eKapa.
Amandla atya imali eninzi kumakhaya amaninzi asokolayo aseKapa – kumaxa amaninzi ade afikelele naphakathi
kwe-15% nama-25% yomvuzo wekhaya. Phantse onke amakhaya eKapa anombaone ngoku. Abantu abaninzi
basasebenzisa iparafini ekuphekeni nasekuzigcineni befudume nanjengoko bengenakho ukuthenga izixhobo
zombane ezitsha okanye ukuhlawula umbane. Iparafini ingathengwa yona ibe ncinci okanye ibolekwe kubamelwane,
okanye ithenge ngetyala kwizikroxo xasekuhlaleni xa imali isasokoleka. Nangona iinkuni zokubasa zinokuthezwa
simahla ematyholweni azimeleyo, oku kungatya ixesha kwaye kunganobungozi. Kukho nengozi yokwenzakalisa
okusingqongileyo ngenxa yokugawula okugqithisileyo. Imililo yamatyotyombe, umoya ongekho mgangathweni
kumakhaya asokolayo, ixesha elichithwayo kuthezwa iinkuni zokubasa kunye nobungozi bokusela iparafini zezinye
zeengxaki abantu baseKapa abasokolayo abajongene nazo.
Amakhaya amkela imivuzo ekumyinge ophakathi nophezulu asebenzisa amandla ngokuphindwe kabini kunamakhaya
amkela imivuzo ephantsi eKapa kwaye ngenxa yokusebenzisa umbane kakhulu (izibaso ezikhupha izilahle okanye
ikharboni) bakhupha izilahle okanye ikharboni ezingangokuphindwe kathathu. Njengoko amaxabiso ombane
eMzantsi Afrika esezantsi kakhulu, iindleko zombane kumakhaya amkela imivuzo ephakathi nephezulu zimalunga ne3% ukuya kwi-5% yomvuzo wawo, okuthetha ukuba akukho mbuyekezo ingako ngokwezimali ekulondolozeni imali
ngokusebenzisa umbane ngobulumko. Kodwa amaxabiso ombane aza kunyuka.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
47
I-ENEJI
Ukwazi ubungakanani bamandla asetyenziswa likhaya
lakho – nokuba asetyenziselwa ntoni – kungakunceda
ukuba uzazi izinto omawuzikhokelise uziphucule
osebenzisa kuzo umbane kwikhaya lakho. Oku kuza
kunceda ukuba wonge imali, uphucule impilo nokhuseleko
kwikhaya lakho nokusingqongileyo kwakhona
kuhambelane nemimiselo yamandla yesiXeko sethu.
Amakhaya angonga ama-20% ukuya kuma-30% ombane
awusebenzisayo – kumaxa amaninzi engachithanga mali
okanye echithe encinci. Amaziko ombane asebenzisa iilitha
ezi-2 zamanzi ngeyunithi nganye yombane (1 kWh) eveliswayo.
Ukonga umbane konga amanzi!
Ukwanezisa iimfuno zamandla kusebenzisa i-15%
ukuya kuma-25% yemivuzo yamakhaya asokolayo,
kodwa nje malunga ne-2% ukuya kwi-3% yemivuzo
yamakhaya atyebileyo.
Ukufumana apho unokonga khona amandla nemali ekhayeni lakho.
Amakhaya asebenzisa umbane ikakhulu
Lo msebenzi uza kunceda ukuba wazi into owusebenzisa kuwo umbane ekhayeni lakho nalapho unokonga
khona. Uluhlu lwezixhobo zasekhaya ezisebenzisa umbane lunikiwe apha ngezantsi ukukunceda.
Inyathelo 1: Ukuqokelela ulwazi
Kuikholam 1 yeTheyibhule, dwelisa zonke izixhobo zombane onazo ekhaya
Kukholam 2 bhala amandla ombane (W) esixhobo sombane ngasinye. Amandla ombane esixhobo avamise
ukubhalwa kwisixhobo eso. Kodwa kumaxa amaninzi, oku kubonisa awona mandla aphezulu asetyenziswa seso
sixhobo, anokuba phezulu kakhulu kunamandla aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa sisixhobo eso. Le theyibhuli ingezantsi,
‘UMbane oQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa sisiXhobo soMbane saseKhaya’ inika ulwazi oluqikelelwayo kwizixhobo
eziqhelekileyo kwaye ingalulutho.
Kukholam 3 khuphela (ngeeyure) ukuba isixhobo eso sisetyenziswa ixesha elingakanani ngemini (uwukhumbule
umahluko ngendlela yokusebenzisa phakathi kweentsuku zaphakathi evekini nempela-veki kunye nobusika nehlobo
uzibalele umyinge ngokwakho).
Qaphela: Ezinye izixhobo zimana zizicima, umzekelo ifriji netanki lamanzi ashushu lendlu. Kwakhona
la theyibhuli ‘UMbane oQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa sisiXhobo soMbane saseKhaya’ ingasetyenziswa
ukuqikelela umbane osetyenziswayo.
Ukuba unesixhobo sombane esingaphezulu kwesinye, esifana nebhalbhu zokukhanyisa, bhala oku kuKholam 4
Inyathelo 2: Ukubala
Ukwazi umbane owusebenzisa mihla le usebenzisa indlela yokubala elula:
(i-watt x iiyure esizisebenzisayo)/1 000 = umbane osetyenziswayo ngemini
Qaphela: i-1 kilowatt = 1 000 watt
48
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Apha uphinda-phinda uKholam 2 ngoKholam 3 uphinde ngoKholam 4 (xa kunezixhobo ezingaphaya kwesinye). Eli
nani lokugqibela lahlula-hlulwa nge-1 000 ukuze kutshintshwe iiyure ze-watt zibe ziyure ze-kilowatt. Bhala isiphumo
sisonke kuKholam 5.
Ukuze wazi umbane owusebenzisayo ngenyanga phinda-phinda umbane wosuku uwonke ngeentsuku ezingama-30
ubhale isiphumo kuKholam 6
Dibanisa i-kWh ezisetyenziswe zizixhobo zizonke ufumane isiphumo sombane owusebenzisayo uwonke.
Inyathelo 3: Khangela iindawo ezizakuthathelwa amanyathelo eziphambili nalapho kunokongiwa khona
Phonononga iziphumo zakho. Zeziphi izixhobo ezisebenzisa umbane kakhulu? Ukukwazi oku nokuthatha
amanyathelo alula asebenzisayo okonga imali (acaciswe kweli candelo lilandelayo) kuyakunceda ukuba unciphise
indlela osebenzisa ngayo umbane.
Inkoliso yamakhaya amkela imivuzo ephakathi asebenzisa malunga ne-774 kWh ngenyanga (malunga nama-R250
ngenyanga) yombane. Uninzi lwawo – ukuya kutsho kuma-60% - lusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi ngetanki
lamanzi ashushu lasendlini. Ukukhanyisa kuqhele ukuba kwindawo yesibini ngokusebenzisa umbane. Izifudumezi
zamanzi zelanga nokusebenzisa ibhalbhu zokukhanyisa ezibengezelayo zinika amathuba okonga umbane wasekhaya
– qhubeleka ufunde ukuze ufumane okuthe vetshe!
IPhepha lokuHlola lweziXhobo zoMbane zaseKhaya
1
2
3
4
5
6
Isixhobo
Ukusebenzisa
umbane
(i-watt)
iiiyure
ngosuku
esisebenza
ngazo Inani
lezixhobo
Umyinge
we-kWh
ngosuku (i-watt
x iiyure/1000)
umyinge
we-kWh
ngenyanga
Umz. ibhalbhu
yokukhanyisa egqengezelayo
60w
4
7
60x4x7=1680/1000 x30=5,04
=1,68
Umbane
osetyenziswayo
uwonke
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
49
I-ENEJI
UMbane oQhelekileyo oSetyenziswa sisiXhobo soMbane saseKhaya
Isixhobo
Ukusebenzisa
umbane
(-watt)
Umyinge weeyure ngosuku ezisetyenziswayo
Ukukhanyisa
Ukubandisa
Ibhalbhu egqengezelayo
(40W)
40
5
Ifriza enesiciko
105
0.4
Ibhalbhu egqengezelayo
(60W)
60
5
Isikhenkcisi esibandisa
kakhulu
158
5
Ibhalbhu egqengezelayo
100
5
Isikhenkcisi esingabandisi
kakhulu
250
0.2
I-CFL (12W)
12
5
Ukugcina ikhaya
I-CFL (18W)
18
5
Umatshini wokuhlamba
izitya
2500
0.9
I-CFL (20W)
20
5
sixhobo sokucoca uthuli
1000
0.5
Ukhuseleko (120W)
120
0.3
Ukuhlamba impahla
Ukupheka
I-ayini (yomphunga)
1235
0.8
Iayini
980
0.4
Umatshini wokuhlamba
impahla
3000
0.75
ngomthwalo
Umatshini wokwenza ikofu
670
0.5
Isitovu sombane
3000
2
Umatshini wokomisa
impahla
3300
0.5
ngomthwalo
Ipani yokuqhotsa
1250
0.4
Umculo, ukuzonwabisa, izixhobo ze-ofisi yasekhaya
nezinye
Istovu esinezithebe ezifudunyezwa ngombane
esincinci
1275
0.2
Isixhobo sokulumkisa xa
kuqhekezwa
10
24
Iketile
1900
0.3
Isixhotyana zokugcwalisa
iselula ngombane
9
2
I-Microwave
1230
0.8
Umatshini wokudlala
amacwecwe (i-CD)
9
0.4
Isixhobo sokurhawula
isonka
1010
0.3
Ikhompyutha
134
1.5
Isixhobo sokwenza iqebengwana
1200
0.3
ifowuni engenantambo
2
15
Isixhobo sokwenza ukutya
166
0.2
Umatshini wokufeksa
45
13.6
Isixhobo sokomisa iinwele
647
0.1
Unomathotholo
12
3
Idikhowuda ye-M-Net
28
12.1
IModem
8
24
Igiza
50
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Igiza (yombane)
2600
4.4
Igiza (ehamba ngamandla
elanga)
2600
1.7
I-ENEJI
Ukufudumeza Ukusebenzisa
umbane (-watt)
Umyinge
weeyure ngosuku
ezisetyenziswayo
Isibandisi
1000
2.4
Ingubo yombane
133
5.5
Isifudumezi se-oli (esikhulu)
1850
1.8
Isifudumezi se-oli (esincinci)
1240
0.3
Isifudumezi esinephiko
2000
1.9
Isifudumezi esinemibhojana
1500
2.2
Isifudumezi esinentsimbi e-1
779
1
Isifudumezi esineentsimbi ezi-2
1320
1.4
Isifudumezi esineentsimbi ezi-3
2000
2.2
Isichicileli (esikhawuleza kakhulu)
500
0.1
Umatshini wokuthunga
100
0.4
5
15.6
Isixhobo
Umatshini ophendula ifowuni
I-TV 37 cm emibala-bala
50
6
I-TV 70 cm emibala-bala
100
6
isishicileli sevidiyo
27
4.7
Amakhaya asebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezibaso
Lo msebenzi uza kuqwalasela imali esetyenziswa kwizibaso, hayi amandla asetyenziswayo ewonke. Ukuqonda ukuba
yintoni esebenzisa amandla (nemali) kakhulu kuya kukunceda ukuba wazi apho unokonga khona imali.
Inyathelo 1: Ukuqokelela ulwazi
KuKholam 1 weTheyibhuli, dwelisa zonke izibaso ozisebenzisayo, ezifana neparafini, igesi, amalahle, umbane
neenkuni.
KuKholam 2: bhala zonke izinto ozisebenzisela sona isibaso ngasinye, ezifana nokupheka, ukukhanyisa, umculo,
ukuzifudumeza, ifriji noku-ayina.
KuKholam 3 bhala ukuba usisebenzisa kangakanani isibaso ngasinye ngeveki.
KuKholam 4 bhala phantsi ixabiso leso sibaso ngeyunithi nganye, umzekelo ilitha, ikhilogramu yesibaso.
Inyathelo 2: Ukubala
Ukwazi ixabiso lesibaso ngasinye ngeveki, phinda-phinda umyinge osetyenzisiweyo (Kholam 3) ngexabiso
leyunithi (Kholam 4). Bhala okufumeneyo kuKholam 5. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi inani lenyanga, phinda-pinda oku
kwakhona ngeentsuku ezingama-30.
Inyathelo 3: Khangela iindawo eziza kuthathelwa amanyathelo kuqala nalapho kunokongiwa khona
Cinga ngento ochitha kuyo imali eninzi kwisibaso ngeveki. Phonononga esi sahluko ukhangele amacebiso
aluncedo ngeendlela ezingcono zokusebenzisa amandla onokuzisebenzisa. Jonga nakwicandelo loKhuseleko
ekupheleni kwesi sahluko ujonge iindlela onokuphucula ngazo ukhuseleko ekhaya.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
51
I-ENEJI
1
2
3
4
5
Uhlobo
lwesibaso
Inkonzo
Ubungakanani
ngeveki
Ixabiso
ngeyunithi
(iilitha, ihkilo,
inani)
Ixabiso lesibaso
ngeveki
(ubungakanani
x ixabiso)
Umzekelo: Iparafini
Ukupheka
1 ilitha
R3,55
R10,60
Ixabiso lilonke
Qikelela ikhabhoni/isilahle esikhutshwa lusapho lwakho
Izibaso ezahlukeneyo zikhupha ikharboni dayokhsayidi eyahlukeneyo ngokulingana. Umbane eMzantsi Afrika
ukhupha ikharbon dayokhsayidi eninzi njengoko ukhutshwa ngokutshiswa kwamalahle angekho mgangathweni.
Ukukwazi ukuqikela ngokukhawuleza amandla owasebenzisiyo nekharboni oyikhuphayo landela la manyathelo
angezantsi. Qaphela: Oku akubandakanya amafutha ezithuthi – aza kubalwa wona kwicandelo lezithuthi ngezantsi.
Inyathelo 1: Ukusebenzisa uphando olwenze apha ngasentla, okanye ingxelo yombane wakho okanye netyala
lezibaso, faka izibaso ozisebenzisayo ngenyanga nganye kuKholam 1.
Inyathelo 2: Phinda-phinda oku ngenani olunikiweyo kuKholam 2 (umz. embaneni ngu-1,08). Oku kuza kunika
ikhilogramu yekharbon dayokhsayidi ngenyanga. Bhala oku kuKholam 3
Inyathelo 3: Xa ufuna ikharbon dayokhsayidi oyikhupha ngonyaka, phinda-phinda ngeenyanga ezili-12 (Kholam 4)
neziphumo zezibaso zizonke.
1
2
3
4
Ukuba umbane _______
kWh
x 1,08 kg CO² nge-kWh
______kg CO² ngenyanga
_______kg CO² ngonyaka
______kg CO² ngenyanga
_______kg CO² ngonyaka
______kg CO² ngenyanga
_______kg CO² ngonyaka
______kg CO² ngenyanga
_______kg CO² ngonyaka
Ukuba I-LP gesi _______ kg x 3,09 kg CO² nge-kg
Ukuba iparafini _________
iilitha
x 2,58 kg CO² ngelitha
Izinto eziyelelene namandla ezikhutshwa likhaya
kwikhaya lakho zizonke ngonyaka
52
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Thelekisa ikharboni eniyikhuphayo ekhayeni lakho nekharbon dayokhsayidi
(CO²) ekhutshwa ngamakhaya aseKapa.
Uhlobo lwekhaya
i-kg CO² ngenyanga
Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elingenambane elinomvuzo ophantsi eKapa
146
Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elinombane elinomvuzo ophantsi eKapa
193
Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo elinomvuzo ophakathii eKapa
737
*La manani awabandakanyi ezikhutshwa kukusebenzisa kwethu izithuthi.
Ukulungisa ikhaya lakho
UMatthew Walton uyalithanda ikhaya lakhe eliseDiep River – indlu ethe gabalala eyakhiwe ngohlobo
lwasefama lwamandulo ethe tshwa kwidolophana eshinyeneyo. UMatthew unomdla kakhulu kwizinto
zokusingqongileyo, ekupheleni kuka-2003 wagqiba ekubeni alungise indlu yakhe.
Uphando, oluqwalasela indlela asebenzisa ngayo amandla namanzi lwenziwa kwikhaya likaWalton. Olu
phando lwaqalasela nendlela efanalekileyo la manzi manye nenkonzo yombane anokuhanjiswa ngayo
– ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubomi kwikhaya likaWalton. Olu phando lwakhokelela kwizinto ezatshintshayo
ezibalulekileyo.
Amandla
•
•
•
•
Ibhalbhu zokukhanyisa eziqhelekileyo ezizigqangazelayo ezilithoba (ezinee-watt ezingama-60 nezili-100)
zatshintshwa ngeebhalbhu ezijiko-jiko ezibengezelayo (ezinee-watt ezisi-9 nezili-11), kubandakanya
nezangaphandle.
Into yokugcina ixesha yafakelwa kwitanki lamanzi ashushu okanye igiza kaWalton. Le wotshi yalungiselelwa
ukuba isebenze kusasa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba usapho luvuka lunawo amanzi ashushu, icime emini iphinde
isebenze ngorhatya xa usapho luzakuhlambela ukulala.
Igiza yesibini endala yayiphezu kwesilingi. Le giza yayingasasetyenziswa kodwa yayisavutha isebenzisa umbane
kuba amanzi ayaphola aphinde azifudumeze imini nobusuku. Le giza yacinywa.
Usapho lakwaWalton lanikwa ibhokisi yokufudumeza ukunciphisa iindleko zokupheka.
Amanzi
•
•
Kwafakela intloko yeshawari ekhupha amanzi kancinci. Oku kunciphisa ukuphuma kwamanzi ngomlomo, abe
amanzi esatsiba xa aphumayo. Kumnandi ukusebenzisa le shawari. Kwafakelwa isingxobo seplastiki ekuthiwa yihippo kwindlu yangasese yeendwendwe nendlela egungxula kaninzi kwizindlu zangasese ezintathu zosapho.
Isixhobo sokulawula amanzi kwiimpompo safakelwa kwiimpompo zamanzi ekhitshini.
Phambi kolu tshintsho ityala lombane leli khaya lalingumyinge wama-3 122 kWh ngenyanga. Oku kwakusidla
usapho i-R1 217 ngenyanga nganye. Ukwenza lo msebenzi kuxabise i-R738. Inyanga emva kolu tshintsho ityala
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
53
I-ENEJI
lombane losapho lakwaWalton lehla laya kutsho kwi-1 794 – kongiwa i-1 327 ngenyanga. Ityala labo lenyanga ngoku
ngama-R700, bongela usapho ama-R500 ngenyanga. Ngale mali isecaleni usapho lalihlawula ityala lalo msebenzi
ngeeveki nje ezintandathu.
Amanzi asetyenziswa lusapho lakwaWalton phambi kwezi zinto zatshintshwayo ngenyanga ebabamalunga nama40,5 kl atye malunga nama-R400 ngenyanga. Ukwenza utshintsho abakwaWalton bahlawule i-R1 385, ubuninzi bale
mali buye kufakwa kwezixhobo ezithathu ezigungxula kaninzi. Inyanga emva kwalo msebenzi, amanzi asetyenziswa
ngabakwaWalton ehla aya kuma-26,9 kl – kongeka amanzi ali-13,5 kl iinyanga zonke. Ityala lenyanga lamanzi ngoku
limalunga nama-R270 – kusinda i-R130 ngenyanga eya kusapho. Ngale mali yongiwayo usapho lwahlawula iindleko
zokutshintsha zonke zingaphelanga iinyanga ezili-10.
Ukuhamba-hamba: Izithuthi nekhaya lakho
Izinto esihamba ngazo ukuya esikolweni, emsebenzini okanye naphina zikuchaphazela kakhulu okusingqongileyo
ngaphandle kokuba sihamba ngeenyawo okanye ngebhayisekile. Ukuba usebenzisa ngemoto yakho, nanku
umsebenzi olula oza kukwenza ukuba uqonde indlela ukuhamba ngemoto kwakho okukuchaphazela ngako
okusingqongileyo ngokukhupha ikharbhoni:
Inyathelo 1: Bala umgama ongumyinge (ngeekhilomitha) owuhambayo ngemoto veki ngaye, ukubhale phantsi oku.
Inyathelo 2: Phinda-phinda eli nani ngeeveki ezingama-52 ukuze ufumane umyinge weekhilomitha ozihambayo ngo
nyaka (ngamnye).
Inyathelo 3: Phinda-phinda iikhilomitha zakho zonyaka ngo-0,3 kg ze-CO² = _________ kg CO² ekhutshwa ngonyaka
Umyinge wamafutha osetyenzisiweyo ukuhambisa umntu omnye ngezithuthi ezahlukileyo
Umntu om-1ohamba
ngemoto enkulwana
Iilitha eziyi-12
kwi-100km
Umntu ohamba ngemoto
encinci
Iilitha eziyi-8
kwi-100km
Abantu aba-4 abahamba
ngemoto enkulwana
Iilitha ezi-4
kwi-100km
Abantu aba-4 abahamba
ngemoto encinci
Iilitha ezi-3
kwi-100km
Abantu aba-40 abahamba
ngebhasi yedizili
Iilitha ezi-2
kwi-100km
Abantu abayi-300
abahamba ngololiwe
wedizili
Iilitha
ezi-1,8 kwi100km
Ukuhamba ngenyawo nangebhayisekile kokona konga amafuthe!
54
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
AMANYATHELO
ANOKUPHUNYEZWA
Amakhaya ethu asebenzisa amandla. Ngalo lonke ixesha sisebenzisa izixhobo zombane, sikhanyisa izibane, sipheka
ukutya, sifudumeza amanzi sisebenzisa amandla ombane. Ama-25% ayo yonke i-CO2 ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera
yomhlaba isuka kumandla asetyenziswa emakhaya. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo esiwathabathayo ukuphucula
indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla kumakhaya ethu kungenza umahluko ngenene. Ukusebenzisa amandla ombane
ngenkathalo kungalondoloza imali. Izibaso zinganobungozi. Ukusebenzisa amandla ngendlela engcono kungalenza
ikhaya lakho libe lelikhuselekileyo.
Ukuthenga izixhobo zombane ezisebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo
Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zingenza umsebenzi omnye zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi okanye amancinci. Oku kuthetha
ukuba ngethuba uthenga isixhobo sombane esitsha unethuba elaneleyo ukwenza umahluko njengoko isixhobo
osikhethileyo siza kuchaphazela indlela owasebenzisayo ngayo ngawo side esi sixhobo siguge.
Urhulumente uqalisa indlela engummiselo yokuphawula indlela engcathu yokusebenzisa umbane eza kugqitywa
ngo-2007. Oku kuza kufuna ukuba zonke izixhobo zombane ezitsha zibe nophawu olucacisa iimfuno nendlela
esiwasebenzisa ngayo amandla ukuze wena njengomthengi ukwazi ukuthelekisa amazinga ezixhobo zombane.
La mazinga amiselwe ngokweMigangatho yeSizwe yoMzantsi Afrika (iSouth African National Standards okanye
I-SANS) uphawu olo lona luyafana nolusetyenziswa kumazwe eMbumba yeYurophu. Izinga elingu-‘A’ libonakalisa
ukuwasebenzisa kakhulu amandla ombane u-‘G’ ukuwasebenzisa kancinci.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
55
I-ENEJI
UKUFUDUMEZA AMANZI
Eyona ingcono
Igiza zombane eziqhelekileyo zisebenzisa ukuya kutsho kuma-60% ombane wakho wasekhaya. Ukufudumeza
amanzi emlilweni okanye ngesitovu kungabangela imililo nokutsha. Kukwayidlela egaxabisi kakhulu emva kwexesha.
Nangona kubiza imali eninzi ukufaka izifudumezi-manzi zamandla elanga (i-Solar Water Hear okanye i-SWH) ethubeni
azinaziphumo zibi epokothweni nakokusingqongileyo.
Isifudumezi samanzi selanga (i-SWH)
UMzantsi Afrika unelanga elihlala ligqatsile unyaka wonke. Singabanye abanelanga elihlala livelile iiyure ezininzi
kwihlabathi. Sekunjalo, angaphantsi kwe-1% amakhaya eMzantsi Afrika anee-SWH. Oku kubangelwa yimali
efunekayo yokuzifaka, nokuba abantu abaninzi abanalwazi ngazo. Kumazwe afana nakwaSirayeli, malunga nama60% amakhaya ane-SWH.
Ukufudumeza amanzi ngamandla elanga kuxhomekeka kumandla amaninzi elanga. Nangona esi sifudumezi
singafuna ukulaleliselwa ngombane, mncinci kakhulu umbane osetyenziswayo. Oku kuthetha amanzi ashushu
‘asimahla’, ukuphunguka kongcoliseko nokuba namanzi ashushu nokuba umbane ucimile! I-SWH yomelele xa sele
ifakiwe iyayihlala neminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu. Ungonga imali ngayo kwaye inexabiso xa uyithengisa indlu.
Zisebenza njani isizufudumezi-manzi zamandla elanga?
I-SWH bubuchwepheshe bale mihla obuthembekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zinendawo ezibalulekileyo ezimbini:
•
•
isixhotyana esimcaba esimnyama ekuthiwa ‘sisixhobo sokuqokelela amandla elanga’ amanzi ahamba kuso
afudunyezwe lilanga, kunye
itankana eligqunyiweyo lokugcina apho amanzi ashushu anokusetyenziswa agcinwa khona.
Esi sixhotyana simnyama sokuqokelela sibekwa kwicala lephahla lendlu elijonge ngasemntla kwaye sifudumeza
amanzi ngokukhawuleza xa ebekwe kwi-engile ephakathi kuka-170 no-230 ephahleni. Itankana lokugcina
lingasephahleni ngaphandle (kwisifudumezi esidibeneyo) okanye ngaphakathi (kwisifudumeze esahlukeneyo) kodwa
kufuneka sisoloko siphezu kwesi sixhotyana sokuqokela.
Ngokuba simnyama, isixhobo sokuqokelela sitsala ubushushu elangeni. Oku kufudumeze amanzi akuso. Amanzi
ashushu ababuhlambuluka kunabandayo kwaye ayanyuka abe phezulu etankini ngeli lixa ulwelo olubandayo lunzima
kwaye luzika. Amanzi abandayo akwitankana lokugcina ehlela ngezantsi, oku kubangela ukuba ajikeleze kwisixhobo
sokuqokelela apho athi afudunyezwe lilanga. Olu jikelelezo lwamanzi kuthiwa kukwenzeka kwethemosifoni.
Xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga ayinzeki ithemosifoni. Ukwambathisa itanki kakuhle kuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi
asetankini ahlala eshushu ixesha elide. Ezinye izifudumezi zisebenzisa umbane ubulalelisele xa kungekho kukhanya
kwelanga, okanye xa ekhaya kufuneka amanzi ashushu amaninzi.
Ukugqiba ngokufakela i-SWH
I-SWH ingaxabisa ukuqala kuma-R3 500 (ubuqu bayo) ukuya kutsho kuma-R20 000 kuxhomekeka kumthamo
owufunayo. Isifudumezi-manzi ngamandla elanga sekhaya nje eliqhelekileyo elinamalungu amane esinombane
wokulalelisela singaxabisa kubuthuba bama-R7 500 ukuya kuma-R12 000.
56
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Ukuba ityala lombane ngenyanga losapho elinamalungu amane ngama-R500, ungonga malunga nama-R200
ngenyanga embaneni ukuba ufakela isifudumezi-manzi samandla elanga. Ngonyaka leyo ifikelela kuma-R2 400.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu uyakonga ama-R12 000. Ungonga nangaphezu koku njengoko amaxabiso ombane kule
minyaka mihlanu izayo eza kunyuka njengoko kufuneka kwakhiwe izikhululo zombane ezitsha.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu uzifakelele esi sifudumezi uya kube uyihlawule wayigqiba i-SWH
yama-R12 000. Emva koko uza konga kuphela kwiindleko zasendlwini. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha igiza yakho oku
kuyinto evakalayo nangakumbi. Ngaphezu kokonga imali ungathintela ama-2 400 kg eCO² ukuba angene kwiatmosfera ngonyaka nje omnye emva kokufaka i-SWH.
Eyona ndlela ibubulumko yokuthenga i-SWA kukuyihlawula yonke ngexesha elinye okanye usebenzisa inzala
kwityala lendlu yakho. Ukuba awufikeleli kwi-SWH ube ufuna ukutshintsha igiza, ungafakela itankana lamanzi
ashushu elihambelana ne-SWH usifakele mva isixhotyana sokuqokelela amandla elanga. Igiza ehambelana ne-SWH
ingcono xa igqunyiwe kunetankana lamanzi ashushu eliqhelekileyo kwaye lifakelwe nombhobho owongozelelweyo
wangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze kwenzeke ithemosifoni.
Amandla elanga alula
Ungawafudumeza amanzi akho ngokusebenzisa ibhakethe elimyama elingama-50 litha. Ibhakhethe
malicoceke lingabanazikhemikhali. Lazi ibhakethe lakho apho lisuka khona. Ungaze ulusisebenzise
kwakhona ibhakethe elidala, koko thenga elitsha ukufudumeza amanzi.
Amacebiso okusebenzisa igiza kakuhle
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ukuba igiza yakho okanye imibhobho esuka kuyo ishushu xa uyibamba oku kuthetha ukuba ilahlekelwa
bubushushu idlala ngamandla.
Yigqume igiza yakho nemibhobho yamanzi ashushu usebenzisa imibhobho yokugquma igiza okanye
ngokuyambathisa ngengubo okanye ngephepha-ndaba.
Ukoleka iingubo (iingubo ezimfuma-mfuma nezishushu) uze ngephepha le-alumuniyami elomeleleyo wambathise
igiza uzibambe ngemitya kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Phungula iqondo lobushushu kwigiza. Iqondo eliphezulu ngama-500C ehlotyeni ibe ngu-600 C ebusika. Inkoliso
yeegiza zibekwa ku-650C. Ukuphungula iqondo lobushushu legiza ngo-10C kungonga i-10% kwindleko zakho
zombane.
Faka isixhobo sokugcina ixesha sokuyivula igiza ngokwexesha olimiseleyo ngokwenza oko ungafudumezi amanzi
xa ungawafuni. Qaphela: Esi sigcini-xesha sisebenza kuphela ukuba giza yambathisiwe.
Iigiza ezimileyo zisebenzisa amandla ombane kancinci kunezo zingqengqisiweyo.
UKUPHEKA
Okona kungcono
Isitovu segesi esine-onti yombane okanye isazinge segesi nesitovu sombane zezona zilungileyo unokuzikhetha
ukulungiselela ukupheka xa uthathela ingqalelo okusingqongileyo nemali. Kodwa igesi akululanga ukuyifumana.
Nangona isitovu separafini kungabizi kakhulu ukusithenga, sisesona sizathu semililo kwaye sifuna ukusetyenziswa
ngononophelo olukhulu. Ibhokisi eshushu ilulutho kakhulu njengezinye sezixhobo zokupheka.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
57
I-ENEJI
Ukupheka kwasimahla – IBHOKISI ESHUSHU
Ibhokisi eshushu yenziwe ngezinto ezimfuma-mfuma ezimbini
ezinepolisterini. Ibhokisi eshushu ixabisa malunga ne-R140, kodwa
ungenza into efana nayo ngokwambathisa iimbiza ngengubo okanye
ibhegi yokulala. Ukusebenzisa ibhokisi eshushu kungonga ukuya
kutsho kuma-60% kwiindleko zokupheka.
Ukutya okufana nerayisi, isidudu, isuphu okanye isityu ezibiliselwe
esitovini zingafakwa kwibhokisi eshushu enesiciko embizeni. Ezi zinto
zimfuma-mfuma okanye ingubo zigcina ubushushu nokutya nako kuza
kuqhubekeka kuphekeka. Qaphela: Sukuyisebenzisa ibhokisi eshushu xa
upheka ngamafutha.
Ukutya kuphekwa ngexesha elibulingana naxa kuphekwa ngohlobo
oluqhelekileyo, kodwa ngoku izakha-mzimba nesongo nokuvuthwa
ziyagqwesa (ngenxa yokupheka ngomlilo ophantsi).
Ifoto: Courtesy of Just Living Centre
ISalathiso liqela loomama abanentsholongwane i-HIV baseKayamandi ekwimimandla emelene
neStellenbosch. Beliqela, baqala ukwenza iibhokisi ezishushu – imveliso abayibona njengesisombululo
kwimfuno zabo zamandla nokuphungula iindleko ezingumthwalo zezibaso. Imali engeniswayo
kwabelwana ngayo ngaba mama. Uninzi kweli qela lo kuphela komvuzo abawufumanayo. Ukuxhasa eli
phulo, ufumane nolwazi oluthe vetshe okanye u-odole ibhokisi eshushu, qhagamshelana noWendy Walton
kwa-(021) 683 8597.
Amacebiso ngendlela yokupheka engcono
•
•
•
•
•
58
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Jonga irabha ezitywine i-oveni ukuba azityekanga okanye aziphelanga na njengoko oku kubangela ukuba kusebenze umbane kakhulu.
• Thenga esona sixhobo sombane sincinci onokufikelela kuso ukulungiselela ukupheka. Oku kuza
konga isibaso.
•
Xa uthenga nasiphi na isixhobo sombane, jonga iqondo laso lokusebenzisa amandla. Xa uthenga
isitovu separafini okanye sikagesi, cela umthengisi ukuba akubonise “iLeta yoGunyaziso yakwa-SABS” yaye ukuba akuqinisekanga ngeso sixhobo fowunela uSABS kwa-012 428 6375. Isitampu nje esisodwa sakwaSABS
asisosiqinisekiso somgangatho nokhuseleko.
Sebenzisa iketile ukubilisa amanzi. Iketile isebenzisa umbane ongaphantsi ngama-50% kunaxa ubilisa ngembiza
esitovini. Bilisa kuphela amanzi afunekayo, kodwa qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo esidala ubushushu asivelanga.
Zilalise emanzini iimbotyi, umgqusho, neelentile ukonga ixesha, imali, nexesha elide lokupheka.
Gcina isitovu sakho separafini sicocekile njengoko oku kuza kusenza sisebenze kakuhle – iparafini yakho iza
kuhlala ixesha elide nomsi ophuma kuso awuzukuba nabungozi kakhulu.
Xa imbiza yokutya sele ibilile, ungawuhlisa umlilo nanjengoko ukutya oko kuza kuqhubeka kuphekeka.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba imbiza ibile idlwabhazele lonke ixesha upheka.
I-ENEJI
UKUKHENKCISA
Eyona ingcono
Ifriji yombane yeyona ilungileyo. Ukuba akukho mbane ikhaya malikhethe phakathi kweparafini negesi. Iparafini
ayibizi kakhulu kodwa ingayichaphazela impilo nokhuseleko. Igesi icocekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle, kodwa iyabiza
kuneparafini.
Amacebiso okukhenkcisa ngokufanelekileyo
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Thenga iifriji nolu hlobo luvulwa ngaphezulu (lubandisa kakhulu) ezingawusebenzisi kakhulu umbane. Funa iifriji ezinesikompresa nephiko lomoya le-BLDC ezisebenza kakuhle ukuze wonge amandla. Thelekisa indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziwusebenzisa ngayo umbane. Olu lwazi lusoloko luhamba nefriji leyo.
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Qinisekisa ukuba kukho isithuba esikhoyo emva kwefriji ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuhamba lula kumajiko- jiko ekondensa. Kufuneka ahlale engenathuli njengoko oku kwenza ifriji ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Ifriji egcweleyo isebenzisa amandla amancinci kunengenanto. Gcina iibhotile zamanzi abandayo njengoko ziza
kugcina ukubanda.
Qinisekisa ukuba imitywino yerabha kwifriji yakho ikwimeko efanelekileyo ukuze ungaphumi umoya obandayo.
Ukuba le rabha yokutywina ityekile kwaye nefriji ayivaleki kakuhle, jonga igama nohlobo lwefriji uye apho
yenziwa khona okanye ivenkile ezithengisayo okanye indawo ezikhandayo ufune isitywini esitsha. Xa utshintsha
isitywini kuza kufuneka ukhulule umphetho ophakathi komphakathi nomphandle wocango, ususe isitywini
esidala ufake esitsha ubuyisele izikhonkwane.
UKUKHANYISA IKHAYA LAKHO
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo
Ukukhanyisa ngombane yiyona ndlela ilungileyo ingakumbi ukuba kusetyenziswa ibhalbhu ezijiko-jiko ezibengezelayo.
Isibane separafini sitshiphu ukusithenga, kodwa sidla imali ukusisebenzisa kwaye asikhanyisi ngokwaneleyo xa
ufunda. Amakhandlela ayingozi njengoko ebangela umlilo kumaxa amaninzi.
umfanekiso ufunyenwe ngobubele kwiMagazini i-Men’s Health
INCWADANA
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I-ENEJI
IiBhalbhu eziJiko-jiko eziBengezelayo (ii-CFL)
Iibhalbhu i-CFL ziguqula ama-80% amandla eziwasebenzisayo itsho ikhanyise, ibe ngama-20% kuphela
ababubushushu. Ibhalbhu ezigqengezelayo ziguqula ama-20% ombane eziwufunayo ukhanyise aze ama-80% yona
ibe bushushu. Nangona iibhalbhu i-CFL zibiza ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunezibhalbhu ziqhelekileyo
zigqengezelayo, zihlala kangokuphindwe kathandathu ukuya kalishumi ke ngoko zitshiphu kunezi ziqhelekileyo.
Akufuneki zinto zithile zokuzifaka – utshintsha nje le bhalbhu unayo ng-CFL.
Ii-CFL ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwezithengisa izinto zeentsimbi. Amaxabiso ebhalbhu ezi-CFL ayashiyana
ngokwendlela emile ngayo kunye nomlinganiso wamandla ombane. Ibhalbhu eqhelekileyo yasekhaya (11w itshintsha
i-60%W yale igqengezelayo) ixabisa malunge ne-R12,00.
Ukufakela ibhalbhu ebegenzelayo ejiko-jiko enamandla ombane ali-11 endaweni yebhalbhu egqengezelayo
enamandla ombane angama-60 kungonga malunga ne-570kWh ngethuba i-CFL ikhona isebenza – wonge malunga
ne-570kg yekharboni dayokhsayidi kwiminyaka elishumi yobomi bayo. Ukuba onke amakhaya eKapa angekwenza
oku, singaphungula ikharboni dayokhsayidi engena kwi-atmosfera ngeetoni ezingama-313 500 ngeminyaka eli10. Oku kuthetha ukuba umbane ofunekayo ngexesha usetyenziswa kakhulu ungancipha ngee-40 megawathi
(MW) yonke.
Esinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
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Xa ibhalbhu i-CFL iphelelwe (kwiminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwelishumi) kufuneka uyilahle uyisongele
ngeplastiki ukukhusela okusingqongileyo njengoko inemetyhuri.
Inkoliso ye-CFL azisetyenziswa nezixhobo zokucima nokuvula umbane eziluzizi.
Musa ukuzisebenzisa iibhalbhu i-CFL kwigumbi lokuhlamba njengoko umphunga unokubonakalisa ubuxhakaxhaka bombane obungaphakathi.
Ii-CFL ziwonga kakhulu amandla xa zishiywe zingacinywanga iiyure nokuba zimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngemini.
Kumagumbi apho zicinywa ziphinde zikhanyiswe, i-CFL ayiwutyi kangako umbane.
Zikwathatha malunga nemizuzu emihlanu ukuze zikhanyise ngokwegcweleyo.
Iibhalbhu i-CFL kufuneka zibe nesithuba esaneleyo kule ndawo zifakwe kuyo ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuhamba.
Iibhalbhu i-CFL mazingafakwa kwiintloko zebhalbhu ezisebenza ngokubakho kokukhanya - oku kwenza
zingahlali kakhulu zombini.
Funa i-CFL enento yokuva eyakhelwe kuyo.
Ibhalbhu ezisihlahla ze-LED zibonakalisa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla obukwiqondo eliphezulu – zihlala iminyaka
eli-15 ukuya kuma-20 kwaye zitya amandla ombane ayi-1,08 kuphela ibhalbhu inye (kongeke i-95% ngebhalbhu
nganye xa kuthelekiswa nezi ziqhelekileyo zigqengezelayo). Ukuze lilingane ixesha elihlalwa yibhalbhu nganye
kwezisisihlahla ze-LED kungafuneka uthenge ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo ezingama-50. Ii-LED ziyimibala ngemibala
zikwazi ukuhambelana nemeko ngelo xesha. Kuneebhalbhu eziqhelekileyo ezineglasi enombala, kwi-LED ngamaza
okukhanya la enza umahluko wombala. Nangona eli candelo lezobuchwepheshe likhula ngokukhawuleza, ii-LED
zisenako ukuxabisa okuphezulu okwangoku zisasetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa xa usebenza (edesikeni okanye xa uzoba)
nokuhombisa ngokukhanya.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Gcina ikhaya lifudumele ebusika yaye lipholile ehlotyeni
Okona kungcono
Izifudumezi zegesi zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye zilifudumeza lonke igumbi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zezona
zingcono xa sijonga imali, impilo nokhuseleko. Xa usebenzisa igesi qinisekisa ukuba igumbi linemitunja eyaneleyo
yokungena umoya. Oku kufuna ukuba iibhotile zegesi nezixhobo zombane nokuphinda uthe zihlale zikhona.
Izifudumezi zegesi zibiza imali eninzi kodwa ziyahlala. Isifudumezi se-oli sombane singcono kunesifudumezi
esineentsimbi ezinqamlezileyo kodwa kuyabiza ukuzithenga. Amalahle, iinkuni neparafini zifumaneka lula kwaye
zingasetyenziselwa ukupheka kunye nokuzifudumeza, kuzenze oku zibe zezona zinokukhethwa kodwa ziyingxaki
ngokwempilo nokhuseleko.
Amacebiso ngamaqondo obushushu
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Musa ukusebenzisa i-oveni okanye isitovu ukufudumeza indlu yakho – isifudumezi (sikagesi) sisebenza kakuhle kwaye sitshiphu.
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Zivalisise iingcango neefestile ukuze kungangeni moya – yenza isivingco somoya ngezinto ezindala. Thunga uyiqinise into engathi ngumbhulo (ibe yi-10 cm ukutyeba – ibebulinganga netoti yesiselo). Yigcwalise ngesanti. Beka le nto yokunqanda umoya ngaphakathi ecangweni emazantsi. Umoya awunakungena.
Umoya kufuneka uvalelwe kuphela xa kukho iindawo zokungenisa umoya ezaneleyo endlwini.
Ukuyila indlu engatyi mbane
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Phungula ukuya kutsho kuma-70% ombane owasebenzisa ekhaya ewonke ngokulandela imigaqo elula
yokwakha ephungula inkcitho embaneni, ekuzifudumezeni nokuzipholisa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luyilo
olungagqamanga lamandla elanga.
Yijongise ngasemntla indlu yakho ulungiselele ukukhanya nelanga.
Njengoko icala elisemntla lendlu yakho lifumana ilanga elininzi, itulo lephahla kufuneka libe lide (libe ngama40cm ukuya kuma-60cm). Iifestile ziza kuba semthunzini ehlotyeni xa ilanga liphezulu, ngelithuba imitha yelanga
ingena ngeefestile xa ilanga lisephantsi.
Izivalo zeefestile, izikhuselo zeseyile okanye imikhusane ziyawakhusela amagumbi ngokuvalela imitha yelanga
ngaphandle ehlotyeni.
Imbobo evuliwe phezulu ephahleni ingenisa ukukhanya kwendalo endlwini ngeemini ezishushu
kungasetyenziswa mbane ukukhanyisa. Qinisekisa ukuba iglasi esetyenziswe kule mbobo ithambekele
ngasemntla.
Izinto zendalo (amatye, iipali, ukuthunga ngengca nodongwe), ezifunyanwa kwalapha ekuhlaleni, zifaneleke
kakhulu ukugcina indlu ipholile ehlotyeni ifudumele ebusika. Izitena zodaka zinceda kakhulu ekwambathiseni.
Imigangatho eyenziwe ngezitena okanye ikonkhriti igcina kukho ubushushu obufanelekileyo endlwini yakho
njengoko ikwazi ukubizela ubushushu emini ibukhuphe kancinci ebusuku. Le migangatho mayingafakwa
ikhaphethi njengoko ikhonkrithi ibizela ubushushu obuninzi kunomgangatho onekhaphethi.
Ubushushu buphuma kwiiglasi zeefestile ngokukhawuleza kangangokuphindwe kalishumi kunakwidonga
elambathisiweyo, ke ngoko zivule iikhethini emini (vumela ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo bungene) uzivale
ebusuku (ugcine ubushushu ngaphakathi).
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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I-ENEJI
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Tyala umthi onamagqabi avuthulukayo everandini okanye eyadini. Ehlotyeni le mithi inamagqabi inika umthunzi
indlu yakho. Xa amagqabi evuthulukile ekwindla, lo mthi uze uyayivumela imitha yelanga ingene (ngeefestile)
endlwini ngezi nyanga zibandayo.
Uphahla lwezinki luphulukana nobushushu obuninzi ekwindla yaye litshisa kakhulu ehlotyeni. Lwambathise
ngento iphahla ulipeyinte mhlophe (lifane nokukhanya ke ngoko liphole) okanye sebenzisa i-alumuniyam okanye
ezinye izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.
Isilingi nokwambathisa uphahla kwindlu encinci kungaphungula amandla owasebenzisayo nge-124 kWh yonke
ngenyanga – wonge malunga nama-R50,00 ngenyanga.
I-ENEJI
Ukufaka isilingi ngamanyathelo alula amathandathu
1. Khangela imingxuma enokuvuza ephahleni. Faka itha (ifumaneka kwiivenkile zeentsimbi) kule mingxunya.
Sebenzisa iiplastiki ukuvala imingxunya ephakathi kodonga nophahla.
2. Sebenzisa isikhonkwane ukuxhoma ucingo ukusuka kwelinye icala legumbi ukuya kwelinye – malunga
nama-30 cm phakathi kwawo. Isilingi iza kuhlala phezu kwala macingo.
3. Beka iikhadibodi ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokwambathisa phakathi kwala macingo nophahla. Ungalibali
ukushiya isithuba phakathi kophahla nezi khadibodi njengoko esi sithuba somoya sinceda ekugcineni ubushushu.
4. Sebenzisa isincamathelisi seplastiki ukudibanisa iiplastiki (sebenzisa iplastiki ezimnyama zenkunkuma okanye
uqokelele iiplastiki ezininzi uzikrazule uzidibanise wenze iplastiki enkulu). Beka ezi plastiki phantsi kwekhadibodi
nocingo. Makungabikho mingxunya kule plastiki.
5. Bethelela umaleko ube mnye wekhadibodi phantsi kweplastiki. Ungayipeyinta le khadibodi ukuba uyathanda.
6. Ungasebenzisa amaplanga anciphileyo ukwenzela ukuba isilingi ingabheni.
Ibonelelwe nguWadi S The Energy Book (Sustainable Energy Africa)
Ukwambathisa indlu yakho
Ukwambathisa phakathi kophahla nesilingi kunceda kakhulu ukugcina indlu yakho ifudumele ebusika ipholile
ehlotyeni. Kutshiphu kwaye kulula kakhulu nokukwenza. Iinzuzo zokwambathisa indlu ziye zingacaci xa kolekwe
kakhulu. Ke ngoko nokuba kuncinci ukwambathisa kungcono kunongembathisi konke konke. Ukutyabeka iindonga
konga imali kakhulu njengoko kuphungula ukufuma ezindongeni.
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I-ENEJI
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
Sebenzisa izinto ezingenabungozi nezihlaziyekayo xa usambathisa.
Ikhadibodi ilungile kodwa iyawagcina amanzi kwaye itsha lula. Ukunkxuza
ikhadibodi kwiboroni namanzi kwenza ukuba ingatshi lula kwaye
izilwe nezinambuzane. Iboron ingaboliswa ziintsholongwane kwaye
ayinabungozi xa ithelekiswa nezinye iimveliso ezikhoyo. Yilinde ikhadibhodi
yome phambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Yibeke tyaba phantsi eplastikini
uyicinezele ngamatye okanye izitena ezinzima ukuze icombuluke phambi
kokuba uyibeke kumphakathi wesilingi.
I-vermiculite yinto yokwambathisa ekungenabungozi ukuyisebenzisa,
iyawulwa umlilo kwaye ikhona kwiivenkile ezithengisa iintsimbi ekuhlaleni.
Ezinye izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kwiivenkile zeentsimbi okanye
iindawo zezinto zokwakha ngamacangca ohlobo oluthile lwesamente
ekuthiwa yi-gypsum, irhonya, nephepha le-alumuniyam eliqinileyo.
Ungadibanisa kunye neebhotile zeplastiki uzibeke phakathi kwesilingi
nophahla. Zona zilwa izinambuzane kwaye zibamba nomoya zigcine
nobushushu kakuhle.
Ivermiculite ilunge kakhulu ekwambathiseni.
Ukuqwalasela ‘amandla aqulathiweyo’
Imveliso nganye esetyenzisiweyo ekwakheni indlu yethu ifune amandla ukuyenza nokuyihambisa. La kuthiwa
‘ngamandla aqulathiweyo’. Xa usakha okanye usandisa okanye uhlaziya cinga ngokuphinda uzisebenzise kwakhona
izinto zokwakha ezingentshanga. Oku konga amandla, amanzi, inkunkuma nemali. Olu luhlu lungezantsi lukukrobisa
kumyinge wamandla afunekayo ukuvelisa ezi zinto.
Amandla afunekayo (nge-kWh) ukwenza itoni enye ye:
Iplastiki
45 000
I-aluminiyam
27 000
Ikopolo
15 000
Intsimbi
13 200
Isamente
2 200
Izitena
Amatye
200
200-800 kuxhomekeka
kulo nto yenziwayo
The Greenhouse Project, 2005
Ukwenzela amandla ikhaya lakho usebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo
Indlu eqhelekileyo eMzantsi Afrika ifumana ngaphezu kwama-600 kWh okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku –
ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba inokusebenzisa. Iiseli ze-photovoltaic (PV) ziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga
zikwenze umbane othi ugcinwe yibhetri. Izixhotyana ze-PV zenziwe ngento ehambisa umbane kancinci
kuqheleke ukuba ibe yisilikhoni efakwa iikhemikhali ukuze umphantsi nomphezulu zikhabane. Umsinga
wombane wenziwa ngala macala ombane akhabanayo ohambe uyekugcinwe kwindawo yombane
engaphandle. Ibhetri iyawugcine umbane ude ufuneke. I-PV encinci yasekhaya ingakhanyisa izibane ezibini iiyure
ezine nomabonakude omcinci obonisa mhlophe namnyama okanye unomathotholo iiyure ezimbini ngelanga. Iindleko
zokuqala zokuthenga i-PV neebhetri zisephezulu, kwakhona esi sixhobo asinakumelana nezinto ezifuna umbane
kakhulu ezifana nokupheka okanye ukufudumeza.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Ukuba ufuna ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa amandla endalo, eyona ndlela ifikelelekayo kukuthenga umbane wendalo
osuka kumzi-mveliso omkhulu ovelisa umbane owenziwa ngezinto ezihlaziyekayo xa sele ukhona (imizi-mveliso
efana nefama yamaphiko omoya yaseDarling). Nangona uza kuqhubekeka ufumana umbane wakho kule bhokisi
yoqhagamshelwano ikhoyo, uza kuhlawulela ngezavenge lo mbane (ixabiso elingaphezulwanga kwelombane
oqhelekileyo) kwaye uza kufumana isiqinisekiso esibonisa ukuba umbane uwuthenge kwindawo ewuhlaziyayo.
Uthutho: Ukuhamba lula
Eyona ingcono
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo, ngebhayisekile okanye ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zezona ndlela zokuhamba
zikulungeleyo okusingqongileyo. Kwaye zezona zitshiphu. Kodwa iindlela ezicetywe ngayo iidolophu aziyiselanga so
into yokucingela abantu abahamba ngeenyawo nangebhayisekile, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke zona zixhaswa kancinci
ngemali, oku kubangela ukuba umthamo uzohlule, ukunganxibelelani kakuhle ezindleleni neminye imibandela
yezokhuseleko. Indlela ezintsha zokuqwalasela uthutho ezidolophini sezicetyiwe kodwa kuya kuthatha ithuba
ukuziphumeza. Okwangoku amanyathelo abalulekileyo abaqhubi abanokuwathatha ukuze baqhube kakuhle.
Izithuthi zikawonke-wonke
Funa ulwazi ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke engingqini yakho.
I-CapeMetrorail
Ulwazi ngethayimthebhuli, imali neendlela: www.capemetrorail.co.za
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe qhagamshelana nale nombolo yasimahla, inombolo yamaxesha onke
Ulwazi gabalala nge-Metrorail: 0800 65 64 63
Ulwaphulo-mthetho kwa-metrorail: 0800 65 64 63
Iinkonzo zeebhasi zakwa-Golden Arrow
Amaxesha nolwazi: www.gabs.co.za.
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe qhagamshelana nezi nombolo zilandelayo:
I-ofisi enkulu: (021) 507 8800
Imibuzo nezikhalazo: 0801 21 21 11 no 0800 65 64 63
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo nangebhayisekile
Nanini na ufumana ithuba cinga ngokuhamba ngeenyawo okanye ibhayisekile endaweni yemoto yakho. Oku konga
imali kwaye kuyimpilo.
Izithuthi ezingatyi mandla
Ukuba ucinga ngokuthenga imoto khangela uhlobo olungatyi mafutha kakhulu – imoto oyikhethileyo ingenza
umahluko obonakalayo emhlabeni. Kumaxabiso epetroli nawedizili enyuka rhoqo oku kungakongela imali
ebonakalayo ekuhambeni kweminyaka.
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I-ENEJI
Ukukhwelisana ngeemoto
Ukukhwelisana xa kusukwa naxa kusiyiwa umsebenzini kungaphungula ngokukhawuleza amafutha owasebenzisayo
ngenyanga. Oku kuphumza ingqondo kwaye kwakha nobuhlobo. Ukukhwelisa xa kusiyiwa esikolweni nako
kungaqwalaselwa.
Ukuqhuba phucukileyo okanye ukuqhuba ukhathalele indalo
Ukugcina imoto yakho isemgangathweni nokuqhuba ngendlela engatyi mafutha kakhulu kunganendima enkulu
kumafutha asetyenziswa yimoto.
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Yixilongise imoto yakho rhoqo (emva kwama-10 000 km ubuncikane)
Qinisekisa ukuba amavili anomoya ofanelekileyo (ngokwemilinganiselo yakowayo). Amavili angagcwelanga
kakuhle angayinyusa indlela eyitya ngawo amafutha imoto nge-8%. QAPHELA: Ivili elinomoya omcinci kakhulu
alinyusi kuphela indlela etya ngayo amafutha koko nalo ivili liphela ngokukhawuleza.
Sebenzisa i-oli engena kuzo zonke kwinjini yakho kuba iyenza ithambe.
Tshintshela kumavili anemisonto ebabusisakha-sangqa kuba ahamba lula kwaye ayahlala kunanemisonto
enqamlezileyo.
Nyusa isantya kancinci, utshintshe iigiyeri xa kufanelekile. Imoto ihamba ngokufanelekileyo xa ingadumeli
phezulu.
Musa ukumana uyicima xa uqhuba. Rhoqo xa ubamba iziqhoboshi, amandla akhutshwa kukunyusa isantya
ayilahleko. Ziqikelele iirobhoti uqhoboshe kancinci – oku kungakongela amafutha anokuba yi-18% ngetanki.
Sukubalekisa. Ukubaleka nge-110 km ngeyure, imoto isebenzisa amafutha afika kuma-25% ngaphezulu kunaxa
ihamba ngama-90km ngeyure.
Ezi ntsimbi zilapha phezulu emotweni kunye neefestile ezivuliweyo ziyenza imoto ukuba ibanjwe ngumoya kwaye
itye namafutha ngama-20%.
Umoya obandayo wemoto utya malunga ne-10% ngaphezulu xa uvuliwe.
Sebenzisa incwadana yakho ubhale amafutha owathenigileyo neekhilometha ozihambileyo ukuze uzibekele
imimiselo emitsha.
Ukhuseleko ekhaya
Ukulungisa iingcingo zombane zeplagi
Iplagi engaqhagamshelwanga ngokufanelekileyo ingabangela ukukhatywa ngumbane,
ukutsha, umlilo. Ukuqhagamshela iingcingo zombane zeplagi kukufaka iingcingo
zombane kwiindawo zazo ezifanelekileyo (jonga umfanekiso), ujike izikrufu ukubamba
ezi ngcingo zintathu. Zakuba ziqinisiwe, zitsale kancinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba
azinakuphuncuka.
Ukukhangela indawo evuza igesi
Kubalulekile ukujonga iindawo ezivuzayo kumatanki egesi, imibhobho neendawo
ekudityaniswe kuzo. Ukwenza oku, cima itanki legesi. Jonga iindawo ekudityaniswe
kuzo. Vulela igesi kancinci, uqabe ezi ndawo kudityaniswe kuzo ngamanzi anesepha okanye isepha engamanzi. Kuza
kubakho amaqamza egwebu apho kuvuza khona. Lise itanki lakho kumthengisi wegesi alijonge, alitshintshe okanye
alilungise.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Ukuhamba-hamba komoya
Xa utshisa nokuba sesiphi na isibaso – igesi, iparafini, amalahle okanye iinkuni – hlala uvule icango okanye ifestile
ukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi linomoya owaneleyo. Umsi osuka kwisibaso ungabangela ukugula kanti nokufa.
Imibuzwana ngokhuseleko ekhaya
Umbane
Ewe
Hayi
Iingcingo zombane zibekwa kude kakhulu kwizinto ezidala ubushushu, ezifana nomlilo nezitovu okanye amakhandlela.
Zonke iingcingo zigqunyiwe akukho cingo lekopolo livelileyo.
Iingcingo zethu zombane azihambi phantsi kwekhaphethi ekhayeni lethu.
Akubikho zixhobo zambane zingaphezulu esithathwini ezikwiplagi enye
ngexesha.
Asinazixhobo zombane zikwigumbi lokuhlambela okanye kufutshane namanzi.
Bonke abantu ekhaya bayazi ukuba akufuneki konke ukutsala iplagi kwisokethi ingacinywanga, okanye batsale intambo yombane.
Bonke abantu ekhaya bayazi ukuba isixhobo sombane masisuswe kwiplagi
(sicinywe) phambi kokuba silungiswe.
Siyazicima izibane phambi kokutshintsha ibhalbhu.
AMANQAKU EWONKE
Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yemibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngala manyathelo alandelayo:
• Zibeke kude iingcingo ebushushwini njengoko zinokutshisa zibangele nomlilo.
• Susa iintambo ezihamba phantsi kwekhaphethi njengoko ingcingo ezonakeleyo nezivele ngaphandle zinokwenza
umlilo.
• Thenga itheyiphu yokwambathisa ugqume zonke iingcingo zekopolo ezingaphandle ngokubhijela ngetheyiphu
ezi ngcingo ngokuphinda-phinda.
• Ukuba unezixhobo ezininzi ezisebenzisa isokethi enye, zikhuphe ezinye iiplagi uzifake kuphela xa usisebenzisa eso
sixhobo. Zama uqinisekise ukuba awufakanga ezingaphezulu kwisithathu kwiplagi enye ngexesha.
• Amanzi ahambisa umbane kwaye ukusebenzisa umbane kwigumbi lokuhlambela okanye ngasemanzini
kungabangela ukukhatywa ngumbane.
• Sicime isixhobo sombane phambi kokuba ukhuphe iplagi kwaye soloko usicima isibane phambi kokutshintsha
ibhalbhu.
• Ungaze ufake iingcingo ezingagqunywanga okanye iminwe kwisokethi. Ukubamba iingcingo zesixhobo sombane
esisavuthayo kungakukhabisa ngombane.
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I-ENEJI
Iparafini
Ewe
Hayi
Izitovu nezibane zethu zeparafini zicocekile kwaye zivutha kakuhle.
Iparafini ekhaya igcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo ekhabhathini okanye eplastikini exhonywa
esikhonkwaneni esiphezulu esingenakufikelelwa ngabantwana.
Iibhotile zethu zeparafini ziphawulwe cacileyo ayigalelwa kwibhotile zesiselo okanye zebisi
abanokuzibhidanisa abantwana.
Sisebenzisa ifanele (okanye sisike umlomo webhotile yeplastiki yesiselo) hayi ikomityi xa
sisitha iparafini esibaneni nasesitovini.
Isitovu nezibane zethu zeparafini zisoloko zikwindawo engathambekanga nezinzileyo
kude ebantwaneni abadlalayo.
Izibane zethu zeparafini zisoloko zigqunywe ngeglasi yesibane azivuthi zingagqunywanga.
Iparafini yethu ithiwa entweni ecocekileyo kwaye asiyixubi konke nezinye izibaso ezifana
nesipiriti, i-oli okanye ipetroli.
Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yale mibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye ala manyathelo alandelayo:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Gcina izixhobo zakho zombane zicocekile ngalo lonke ixesha. Izixhobo ezimdaka okanye ezinengxaki zifutha
ziqhume kakhulu, oku kungabangela isifuba, iphika, ukukhohlela okanye inyumoniya kubantu bakowenu.
Soloko uyigcina kwindawo efanelekileyo iparafini kude ebantwaneni. Iibhotile kufuneka ziphawulwe cacileyo
ukuze bazi ukuba mabangaseli. Iifanele ezisetyenziswe ukutha iparafini ezitovini nasezibaneni mazigcinwe
neparafini. Sukusebenzisa imagi okanye ikomityi kuba umntu angasela ngayo ngempazamo.
Indawo emtyaba nezinzileyo ingaqanda ukuba izitovu nezibane zingawi zenze imililo. Kwakhona qinisekisa ukuba
izixhobo zombane zikude ebantwaneni abanokuzigila ngempazamo.
Imbiza enkulu kwisitovu esincinci ingabangela ukuba isitovu singazinzi siwe sibangele umlilo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zakho zigqunyiwe kunganqanda imililo nokutsha.
Soloko usebenzisa ibhotile ecocekileyo eparafinini. Iparafini engcolileyo yenza umsi omdaka noyingozi.
UNGAZE uthatheke ufune ukuxuba iparafini nezinye izibaso ezifana ne-oli nesipiriti. Ukuxuba izibaso
kungabangela udubulo kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu. Ipetroli exutywe neparafini inobungozi kakhulu ke yona.
Ngamanye amaxesha iparafini ikhe ixutywe ngempazamo nentwana yepetroli enokuba ishiyekele ezantsi kwitanki
lesithuthi. Yinukise iparafini yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayinapetroli kuyo. Ukuba inombala obupinkirha yibuyisele
ngokukhawuleza kule ndawo ubuyithenga kuyo ubaxelele ukuba mabaqhagamshelana nalapho bayithenga
khona. Ipetroli itsha ngokukhawuleza kuneparafini kwaye izibaso zixutyiwe zingabanga udubulo.
Ijeli yepetroli yiyona ikhuselekileyo kwaye yithathele ingqalelo. Nangona ixabisa kakhulu kuneparafini, njengoko
iyijeli ayiseleki kwaye ayichitheki, oku kunciphisa okuba ityiwe nemililo.
I-ENEJI
Amakhandlela, amalahle neenkuni
Ewe
Hayi
Amakhandlela ekhayeni lam afakwa aqine kwiziphatho zawo ngamaxesha onke.
Amakhandlela abekwa kude kunefestile ezivuliweyo neekhethini.
Xa sibasa endlwini sinetshimini yokukhuphela umsi ngaphandle.
Sisoloko sisebenzisa iinkuni ezomileyo kwimililo yethu okanye namalahle angaqhumi
kakhulu.
Xa sibasa phandle siyaqinisekisa ukuba kukhuseke kakuhle nokuba umlilo ucimile phambi
kokuba singene ngaphakathi okanye sihambe.
AMANQAKU EWONKE
Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yale mibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye ala manyathelo alandelayo:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Thenga okanye wenze iziphatho zamakhandlela ezomeleleyo ukulungiselela amakhandlela avuthayo
kunokuwancamathelisa ngamafutha wawo epleyitini okanye etafileni apho anokuwa lula.
Ikhandlela lingafakwa nakwiglasi endala egalelwe isanti ukuze lime ngqo. Isanti iya kunceda nokucima umlimo xa
kukho umntu oligilileyo elo khandlela.
Beka amakhandlela kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo. Ungqameko lwefestile zindawo ezingalunganga emakhandleleni
njengoko umoya unokuwawisa. Umlilo ungabangela ukuba nekhethini zilumekeke.
Umsi womlilo unganobungozi kakhulu – abantu abaninzi minyaka le bayafa ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya
olusendlwini, ingakumbi abantwana. Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba ikhona itshimini yokukhupha umsi endlwini.
Basa iinkuni ezomileyo okanye qinisekisa ukuba uthenga amalahle angaqhumi kakhulu kumthengisi wakho
wamalahle.
Iya kukunceda nento yokuba ukhangele iinkuni ezonga ieneji nesitovu samalahle esingasebenzi mafutha maninzi,
nesingakhuphi msi mninzi ukuze wonge imalana.
Qinisekisa ukuba indlu inomoya owaneleyo ukuba usebenzisa imbawula endlwini. Soloko uyibasela phandle
imbawula uyingenise ngaphakathi xa sele amalahle ebomvu. Umlilo oguqulweyo – ukubeka amalahle ngaphantsi
ubeke amaphepha neenkuni ngaphezulu – awuqhumi kakhulu.
Xa uphandle, ingqame okanye ikhusi linqanda umlilo ukuba unganweni yaye ungaxaki.
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I-ENEJI
Igesi
Ewe
Hayi
Xa ndibasa isitovu okanye isibane segesi ndiqala ndiqhwithe ngematshisi phambi kokuba
ndivule igesi.
Amatanki egesi ethu agcinwa kude kunezinto ezikhupha ubushushu, ezifana nomlilo,
isibane, isifudumezi okanye isitovu.
Sithenga ugesi wethu kumthengisi owaziwayo ngokhuseleko.
Siyaziphonononga izixhobo zethu zegesi nomthengisi wethu wegesi ukuba azisonwabisanga.
Siyiphonononga rhoqo imibhobho edibanisayo, irabha zokutywina, iibhotile nezixhobo
zikagesi ukukhangela ukugqabhuka okanye ukuvuza sisitshintshe okanye sisilungise isixhobo ukuba sibhaqe indawo evuzayo.
Isitshixo sebhotile kagesi sibekwa khuselekileyo kude ebantwaneni.
AMANQAKU EWONKE
Ukuba uphendule ngo-HAYI kweminye yale mibuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye ala manyathelo alandelayo:
•
•
•
Qinisekisa ukuba itanki lakho legesi neendawo elidityaniswe kuzo zikwimeko efanelekileyo ngokujonga indawo
ezivuzayo (jonga apha ngasentla) utshintshe okanye ulungise ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho iindawo ezivuzayo
ezibhaqiweyo.
Musa ukusebenzisa itanki legesi elalikhe latsha. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngetanki lakho okanye isixhobo sikagesi,
zibuze kumthengisi wakho phambi kokuba uzisebenzise.
Soloko uthenga kumthengisi obhalisiweyo nowaziwayo ngokhuseleko. Oku kungabhalwa ngaphandle kweli ziko
lithengisa ugesi.
Ukujongana neengozi
Ukuba umntu ukhatywa ngumbane ekhaya
1. Cima kwindawo ekucinywa kuvulwe kuyo umbane. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, wucime umbane kwiplagi esedongeni
apho isixhobo eso sifakwe khona. Ukuba kungenzeka, sebenzisa into engatsali mbane efana nomtshayelo okanye
isitulo (umthi okanye iplastiki) ukucima umbane kwiplagi.
2. Ukuba umbane awucimeki , sukulibamba ixhoba kuba nawe uya kukhatywa. Endaweni yoko mtsale
ngempahla umsuse. Ukuba iimpahla zakhe zimanzi, zikhusele ngokunxiba izinxibo zezandla zerabha ezomileyo,
iphephandaba okanye iplastiki.
3. Lityhalele kude ixhoba kule ndawo inombane ngomtshayelo okanye ngesitulo.
4. Vavanya indlela ixhoba eliphefumla ngayo (liyekile okanye limane liyeka). Jonga ukubetha kwentliziyo ujonge
uikuba ixhoba lisezingqondweni na. Biza i-ambulensi ukuba akekho zingqondweni, akaphefumli okanye
nentliziyo ayibethi. Kubalulekile ukuzazi indlela ezilula zoncedo lokuqala, ezifana nokuvusa ngokumphefumlela
emlonyeni nokuphulula intliziyo.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
Ukuba umntu usele iparafini ekhaya
1. Ukuba umntu usele iparafini, sukuzama ukumgabhisa. Ivumba lingangena emiphungeni abe nenyumoniya.
2. Ungabaniki into yokusela okanye yokutya. Sukubavumela ukuba balale phantsi. Bamise ngeenyawo okanye
bahlale ngokuthe nkqo.
3. Base ekliniki okanye esibhedlela ngokukhawuleza uphathe la bhotile.
Omawukwenze xa kukho umlilo
Imililo ayivuthi ingekho i-oksijini. Indlela engcono yokucima umlilo kukugalela isanti okanye uwuthi wambu ngengubo
(uvale i-oksijini).
1. Soloko unebhakethe elikhulu lesanti okanye ingubo enkulu enoboya kufutshane nomlilo wakho okanye isitovu.
Xa kusitsha, galela isanti okanye uphose ingubo kanye phezu komlilo. Isicima-mlilo singcono kakhulu.
2. Ungaze usebenzise amanzi kumlilo owenziwe sisibaso kuba oku kungawunwenisa umlilo okanye kukukhabise
ngombane.
3. Ukuba imbiza iyatsha ngaphakathi, yivale njengoko umlilo ungakwazi ukuvutha xa ingekho i-oksijini.
4. Ukuba impahla zakho ziyatsha, sukubaleka. YIMA, UWE, ugqume ubuso bakho, UZIQENGQE emhlabeni ukucima
amadangatye.
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I-ENEJI
5. Ukuba ulusu lwakho lutshile, pholisa le ndawo itshileyo ngamanzi ze uye ekliniki okanye esibhedlele.
6. Ukuba indlu yakho iyatsha, phuma ngokukhawuleza. Khasa ngezandla namadolo akho uye kumnyango
okufutshane. Umoya oshushu (umsi) uyenyuka ke ngoko ukukhasa okanye ukugoba kuya kukunceda ukuba ube
ngezantsi kumsi oyingozi kuncede ukunqada ukutsarhwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini.
Ukunyanda izilonda zokutsha ezincinci.
Faka le ndawo itshileyo emanzini abandayo imizuzu elishumi. Ungathambisi Vaseline, oli okanye amanye amafutha
esilondeni njengoko siza kwanda. Mse ekliniki okanye esibhedlele ukuba isilonda singaphezulu kwesandla.
Iinombolo zikaxakeka
Khangela iinombolo ezichanekileyo zikaxakeka zengingqi yakho. Zigcine kwindawo esekuhleni apha onke amalungu
osapho anokuzifumana lula khona, uxelele bonke abantu bekhaya apho zikhoyo nokuba zezantoni na. Yazi apho
ikhoyo eyona fowuni ikufutshane.
Iinkonzo zikaXakake zaseKapa
Ezomlilo
107
Amapolisa
10111
I-ambulensi
10177
Inombolo kaxakeka yeselula yakwa-Cell C, Vodacom no-MTN
112
Iziko loLwazi ngeTyhefu laseTygerberg
021 931 6129
Iziko leTyhefu lesiBhedlele iRed Cross
021 689 5227
Iinombolo zikaxakeka jikelele
IsiKhululo seziCima-mlilo esikufutshane
Inombolo kaxakeka yesiKhululo samaPolisa engingqi yakho
Igumbi lengozi lekliniki okanye isibhedlele sengingqi yakho
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
I-ENEJI
IINKCUKACHA ZOQHAGAMSHELWANO
NEZIBONELELO EZIKHOYO
Imibuzo enxulumene nombane
Imibuzo gabalala kwiiNkonzo zoMbane zesiXeko saseKapa
0800 22 04 40
Inombolo yasimhla yokunceda abathengi ngesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane
ohlawulelwe kwangaphambili.
0800 22 04 40
Imibuzo nge-akhawunti/ukunqunqanyiswa kombane ngenxa yokungahlawuli
0860 10 30 89
Imibuzo ngendlela imitha yamanzi ebale ngayo
0860 10 30 89
Imibuzo ngombane omtsha/umbane otshintshiweyo
0800 22 04 40
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe ngamaxabiso ombane, ukufakelwa kweemitha, ukuvavanywa kwemitha neenkonzo
zombane, yiya kwewebhusayithi yesiXeko seKapa ethi: www.capetown.gov.za. Cofa ku-‘IsiXeko Sakho’. Iqhosha
elithi‘Amaxabiso kwiintanethi’ likunika uluhlu olucacisiweyo ngamaxabiso emakhaya nezinye iinkonzo ezifanayo
phantsi kwendawo ethi ‘Isishwankathelo Ngombane (kundabakanya amaxabiso ombane wezinto ngezinto)’
Ukuba uwufumana kwa-Eskom
Imibuzo gabala ngeeNkonzo zoMbane zakwa-Eskom
okanye yiya kwa-www.eskom.co.za
0860 03 75 66
Imibuzo ngeengxaki zonke
IiNkonzo zikaXakeka
107
Iiyure ezingama-24
0860 10 30 54
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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I-ENEJI
Ukuxela ukucima kombane
74
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Athlone
0800 22 04 40
Bishopscourt
0800 22 04 40
Bonteheuwel
0800 22 04 40
Camps Bay
0800 22 04 40
City Bowl
0800 22 04 40
Claremont
0800 22 04 40
Constantia
0800 22 04 40
Epping Industria
0800 22 04 40
Fish Hoek
0800 22 04 40
Grassy Park
0800 22 04 40
Guguletu
0800 22 04 40
Hout Bay
0800 22 04 40
Kommetjie
0800 22 04 40
Bellville
0800 22 04 40
Brackenfell
0800 22 04 40
Durbanville
0800 22 04 40
Edgemead
0800 22 04 40
Goodwood
0800 22 04 40
Gordon’s Bay
0800 22 04 40
Atlantis
0800 22 04 40
Bloubergstrand
0800 22 04 40
I-ENEJI
Belhar
0860 03 75 66*
Bishop Lavis
0860 03 75 66*
Blackheath
0860 03 75 66*
Blue Downs
0860 03 75 66*
Cravenby
0860 03 75 66*
Eerste River
0860 03 75 66*
Elsies River
0860 03 75 66*
Khayelitsha
0860 03 75 66*
* Le mimandla ibonelelwa ngombane nguEskom.
Ulwazi ngokusebenzisa amandla
Umbane wesiXeko saseKapa, inombolo yomnxeba, 0800 22 04 40
I-imeyile: customersupport@capetown.gov.za
Yiya kwa: www.eskomdsm.co.za xa ufuna amanye amacebiso okonga umbane
I-The Green House Project unolwazi olululutho ngendlela zokusebenzisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo nokwakha
okuzinzileyo, inombolo yomnxeba (011) 720 3773
I-intanethi: www.greenhouse.org.za
Ulwazi ngokhuseleko lwesibaso
Paraffin Safety Association, inombolo yomnxeba (021) 671 5767
LP Gas Safety Association, inombolo yomnxeba (021) 531 5785
Programme for Basic Energy and Conservation, inombolo yomnxeba (011) 339 6633
SABS Regulatory (for checking safety standards of appliances) inombolo yomnxeba (012) 428 6375
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
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I-ENEJI
76
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Amanzi bubutyebi bendalo yaye
zonke izinto eziphilayo ezixhomekeke
kuwo. Nangona efumaneka simahla
kwiindawo ezininzi zendalo, apho kuhlala
khona abantu amanzi (anokuselwa)
anqongophele. Amanzi afunwa
ngabantu angaphezulu kunakhoyo
kwaye kufuneka imali ebonakalayo
ukuze kufumaneke amanzi kwindalo aye
ezimpompeni ekwimeko efanelekileyo.
AMANZI
Umjikelo wamanzi
Amanzi ngoyena ndoqo ubalulekileyo wobomi bethu – abantu abanakuphila ngaphandle kwawo. Abalulekile
kwezolimo nakwimizi-mveliso. Amanzi asetyenziselwa nokwenza umbane. Ukuze songe amanzi kufuneka singacingi
nje kuphela ngamanzi esiwasebenzisa ngokwethu, ekuwaseleni nasekucoceni amakhaya ethu, koko kufuneka
sazi indlela amanzi asetyenziswa ngayo ukwenza ukutya esikutyayo, iimveliso esizisebenzisayo nokwenza umbane
wezibane nezitovu zethu. Ukusebenzisa amanzi ngobulumko kungawonga amanzi.
Ilungelo lethu lamanzi
UMthetho weNkonzo zaManzi (108 ka-1997) uthi bonke abasemagunyeni benkonzo yamanzi, abafana nesiXeko
sakho, mabahambise amanzi afikelelekayo, afanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abosokolayo
mabakwazi ukufikelela kumanzi abawafunayo, ngaxeshanye iNkonzo zaManzi mayibe nemali eyoneleyo yokujongana
nokucoca nokuhambisa amanzi.
UMthetho umisela ubuncinane bamanzi ekufuneka ikhaya ngalinye linawo ukuze likwazi ukwanezisa iimfuno zalo
ezisiseko ukuba ibe ngama-25 eelitha umntu ngosuku. Oku kubhekisele kwikhaya elinabantu abasibhozo, oku
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
kuthetha ikhilolitha ezintandathu ngenyanga kwikhaya ngalinye. La manzi kufuneka anikwe onke amakhaya eMzantsi
Afrika simahla. Amanzi kukwafuneka aphume empompeni ngesantya seelitha ezili-10 ngomzuzu, ukuba ikhaya
elo alinampompo, mayifakwe kumgama ongaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-200 ukusuka kwelo khaya. Abantu
abasebenzisa amanzi abanakuhlala bengenamanzi iintsuku ezingaphezulu kwisixhenxe zilandelelana ngonyaka.
IiNkonzo zaManzi zesiXeko kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba amanzi akho ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela
nezizukulwana ezizayo.
Imilinganiselo yamanzi
1 m³ = 1 kilolitha (Kl) = 1 000 iilitha (l)
1 megalitha (Ml) = 1000 Kl = 1 000 000 iilitha
Qwalasela oku:
Ama-50 000 ukuya
kuma-100 000 eelitha
•
Ukuvelisa imoto encinci kufuna ama-450 00 eelitha zamanzi
Ama-3 500 eelitha
•
I-130 yeelitha iyafuneka xa kusenziwa ibhayisekile
I-1650 ukuya
kuma2 200 iilitha
•
Malunga ne-19 leelitha liyafuneka xa kusenziwa ilitha
enye yepetroli
•
Kuthatha iilitha ezi-3 ukuvelisa i-1 000 yeewatt ngeyure.
Uku-ayina, okanye ukupheka ukutya kwi-oveni yombane
kusebenzisa malunga neelitha ezintathu zamanzi
kwisikhululo sombane
i-1 900 iilitha
ama-500 iilitha
ama-450 ukuya kuma630 iilitha
(Environmental Monitoring Group, 2005)
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
79
AMANZI
Umbandela wobonelelo ngamanzi
Ukhulo loQoqosho kumacandelo ezoshishino nawezolimo ludala uxinzelelo kwizibonelelo zamanzi.
Uninzi lwamanzi asetyenziswa eKapa afunyanwa kumadama agcina amanzi avela kwiimvula zasebusika eziba
khona eNtshona Koloni. La manzi kuye kubonelelwe ngawo abemi baseKapa, ingakumbi ngenyanga ezishushu
nezinembalela. Awona madama iKapa efumana kuwo amanzi yi-Wemmershoek, Steenbras Lower, Voëvlei
ne-Theewaterskloof.
Ukunyuka kweemfuno zokusebenzisa amanzi kunyanzelisa ukuba kongezelelwe imithombo yamanzi ukuqinisekisa
ukuba iimfuno azedluli amanzi akhoyo. Kusetyenziswa iprojekthi yeBerg Water eya kugqitywa ngo-2008 ukunyusa
amanzi athunyelwa eKapa. Ngenxa yokushokoxeka kwamanye amacebo, iSebe laManzi naMahlathi kunye neSixeko
liza kuphonononga ezinye iindlela kwixa elizayo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi emithombo kunye nokukhupha
ityuwa kumanzi aselwandle.
Kambe ke kuyabiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela yaye kungathatha iminyaka ukuplana nokumisela oku. Ukuba
wonke ubani angalondoloza amanzi yaye awasebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo, izidingo zamanzi zingacutheka, khe
kucothe nesidingo sokuba kuziwe nezinye iindlela zokongeza imithombo yamanzi. Imithetho kamasipala yamvanje
iphunyezelwe ukuba iququzelele oku kutshintshwa kwendlela yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Ukusuka edamini ukuya empompeni: inkonzo yethu yonikezelo ngamanzi
ISebe lezaManzi namaHlathi neSixeko saseKapa zingabanini beenkqubo zobonelelo-ngamanzi asetyenziswa siSixeko.
La manzi ahamba ngemibhobho aye koovimba besiXeko aye kucocwa siwenze abe nokuseleka siwatshintshe
ngokuwahluza athunyelwe kwiindawo ezihlala abantu. Ukuwacoca kwenziwa ngokwemiGangatho yeSizwe
yoMzantsi Afrika yokuSela aManzi. Le migangatho iyahambelana naleyo yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi.
Ukucocwa kwamanzi
Kwiplanti yokucoca amanzi amanzi aye angeniswe kwitsheyimba yokuwenza ukuba azole ukuhlisa uxinzelelo
nokuze ahambe kakuhle ngemibhobho. Emva koko aye afakwe ikalika yokuwacoca nokuwahlenga-hlengisa. Aye
agalelwe kwenye itsheyimba enkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhemikhali zihlangene ngendlela eyiyo. Aphuma apho
aye ematankini ukuze ezo khemikhali zikulo manzi zizinze ze emva koko zihle zibe yintlenge. Amanzi angaphezulu
agalelwa ikhlorini phambi kokuba adlulele kwindawo asefwa kuyo. Amanzi asefiweyo athunyelwa kwelinye itanki
aphinde agalelwe ilayimu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayabhalansa, kongezwe nekhabhon-dayoksayidi ukuqinisekisa ukuba
loo manzi akenzi ukuba izinto agcinwe kuzo zibe nerusi okanye azichachambise. Kugalelwa ikhlorini yokugqibela
ukuqinisekisa ukuba loo manzi akanazifo emva koko aphume kwiplanti aye koovimba besiXeko ayekugcinwa phambi
kokuba athunyelwe ezindlwini, kumashishini nakwezolimo.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Ukucocwa kwamanzi asuka koovimba aya empompeni
Iimpawu zamanzi anokusetyenziswa emva kokucocwa (imiyinge ka-2006)
pH
8.5-9.2
umbala
ngaphantsi ko-5
i-oksijini etsalwe kwipemanganethi
0.8 inxalenye kwisigidi
ubu-alkali (njenge-CaCO3)
28-32 inxalenye kwisigidi
imichiza yeklorin (njenge-Cl)
25 inxalenye kwisigidi
i-alumuniyam (njenge-Al)
0.2 inxalenye kwisigidi
i-ayon (njenge-Fe)
0.04 inxalenye kwisigidi
Ukuqina kukonke (njenge-CaCO3)
57 iinxalenye kwisigidi
Imichiza yeeflorine
ngaphantsi ko-0.1 inxalnenye kwisigidi
Ithathwe: KwisiXeko saseKapa, uCoco lwaManzi kwiZiko lokuHluza aManzi laseKloof Nek
Amanzi amdaka aphuma ezindlwini nakumashishini asuswa kwiipropati ngenkqubo yogutyulo. La manzi ahamba
ngemibhobho aye koovimba besiXeko aye kucocwa, ahluzwe ukuze kususwe izinto ezinganobungozi ebantwini
nakokusingqongileyo. Emva kokuba ecociwe, amanzi amdaka aye akhutshelwe emilanjeni ahambe ayokuphelela
elwandle.
IsiXeko asenzi nzuzo ngokubonelela uluntu ngamanzi nasekuwacoceni. Imali ezibizwayo zeenkonzo zamanzi nelindle
zabiwa ngeendlela yokuba zincedise ekucocweni nasekusetyenzweni kwamanzi neziko lokuhluza amanzi amdaka.
Imali yeenkonzo kufuneka ikwazi nokuncedisa nasekwakheni iziseko zokuphuhlisa amanzi ukumelana nendlela
afunwa ngayo amanzi kunye nokongeza ezinye izibonelelo zamanzi nenkqubo zokujongana namanzi amdaka.
nokuncedisa nasekwakheni iziseko zokuphuhlisa zamanzi ukumelana nendlela afunwa ngayo amanzi.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
81
AMANZI
Ifoto: Mark Lewis
AMANZI KWISIXEKO SETHU
NgokoMgaqo-siseko wethu, oomasipala banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abahlala kubo bayawafumana
amanzi. Njengabanikezeli-zinkonzo zamanzi kukwafuneka ukuba baqinisekise ukuba inkonzo yamanzi abanikezela
ngayo iyafikeleleka, iyenoqoqosho ikwazinzile. Imiqathango yenkonzo yamanzi ibekiwe kuMthetho wooMasipala
waManzi, ofumaneka lula kwiwebhsayithi yeSixeko (www.capetown.gov.za/water/) ukuba ngaba ufuna ukuyifunda.
Ukufumaneka kwamanzi asisiseko neenkonzo zococeko
Amanzi anokuselwa
Ukususela oko kwasekwa iCandelo leeNkonzo zaManzi kwiiNdawo ezinaMatyotyombe kwiSebe lokuSasazwa
kwaManzi leSixeko, ukusilela konikezelo zinkonzo kuphantse kwapheliswa eKapa. Namhlanje ama- 99% ayo
yonke imizi kwiSixeko saseKapa afumana amanzi aselwayo kwisithuba seemitha ezingama 200 ukusuka kwizindlu
zabo, njengoko kuchazwe njengelungelo elingundoqo labantu kuMgaqo-siseko wethu. Oku kwande nge 6%
ukususela ngo- 2001, nto leyo kufikelelwe kuyo ngokufakelwa kweempompo ezimi emhlabeni. Isixeko sinethemba
lokukuphelisa tu ukusilela, kodwa ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu, ukonakaliswa kweempompo nezinye iingxaki
zolungiselelo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukufezekiswa kwenjongo ye 100% kusengowona mcelimngeni.
Ucoceko
Ukusetyenziswa kwemigqomo ukuthutha ilindle kwathi kwapheliswa kuzo zonke izindlu ezisemthethweni eKapa
ekupheleni kukaJuni 2005. I-94.8% yazo izindlu eKapa ngoku inamanzi aphuma kwimibhobho yamanzi.
Imvelaphi: (Isiphetshana sokuSebenza kweeNkonzo zaManzi (Meyi 2006) uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi, iSixeko saseKapa.
Ubonelelo ngamanzi oluzinzileyo
ISixeko sikwanoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba kuya kubakho amanzi awaneleyo kubo bonke abahlali nendalo jikelele
ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. ULawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi kwiSixeko lunesicwangcwiso esimanqaku alishumi
ukuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka koluntu neBhunga ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
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ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
1. Ukunciphisa ilahleko kuthungelwano nakurhwebo ngokugcinwa nokulungiswa rhoqo kwemibhobho
yokusasaza amanzi nokubekwa esweni nokuqingqwa okufanelekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwizakhiwo
zorhwebo.
2. Ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizindlu zeentsapho ezingeniso iphantsi ngothethathethwano,
imfundo, amajelo eendaba neenkqubo zokubhaqwa nokulungiswa kokuvuza kwamanzi ezijoliswe kwiintsapho
ezisezilokishini apho iziseko izezikumgangatho ophantsi yaye bezingakhathalelwanga ngaphambili.
3. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi liBhunga ngamabala okuphumla eSixeko anobulumko bamanzi
nezixhobo zokonga amanzi ezifakelwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo zebhunga.
4. Ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kwemirhumo ngenkqubo yemirhumo nokubizwa kwemali eqinisekisa ukuba
amanzi ayafikeleleka kumntu wonke, ezinzileyo ngokweendleko nekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo
kwamanzi.
5. Ukulawula ukumoshwa kwamanzi nokuqinisekisa ukuba lonke uphuhliso olutsha lunobulumko
bamanzi, ngemithetho yoomasipala.
6. Iinkqubo zokufakelwa kwakhona nokuXhasa ngezakhono ezibonelelwa ngamajelo osasazo nezibonisa
izixhobo nobuchule bokonga amanzi nezihlahla indlela yeNkqubo yokuTyinwa kwemibhobho yamanzi
nasemva kokuba iFakelwe.
7. Unxibelelwano, imfundiso nokubizwa kwemali okucacileyo ukuguqula ukuziphatha ngendlela eyonga
amanzi yexesha elide, ngamajelo eendaba, imisitho eyodwa, amaqonga nezikolo.
8. Ukunyusa iindlela ezizezinye zobugcisa namaphulo okonga amanzi ngohlaziyo lwamanzi, amaphulo
okumbiwa kwamanzi nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka.
9. Ukongiwa kwamanzi eCCT kwixesha elide ngokuxhasa iNkqubo iWorking for Water, amaphulo ococo
lwemilambo nolawulo nokubekwa esweni kokufunxwa kwamanzi emhlabeni.
10. Ukudala imeko evumelana nolondolozo olululo lwamanzi lwexesha elide nolawulo lokusetyenziswa
kwamanzi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba le yeyona ndlela yenkonzo yonikezelo ngamanzi nokubeka phambili
umiliselo lwayo.
UMthetho kaMasipala weSixeko unyanzelisa ulawulo
lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi
NgoSeptemba 2006 kwemiselwa imithetho kamasipala yamanzi emibini kwiSixeko saseKapa – uMthetho kaMasipala
waManzi naManzi aMdaka noMthetho kaMasipala woLwelo oluvela kwimizi yorhwebo (iGazeti yePhondo 6378).
Iikopi ezipheleleyo zoku zingafunyanwa kwiwebhsayithi yeSixeko (phantsi kweeNkonzo zaManzi). UMthetho
kaMasipala waManzi uquka i-10% yemiqathango esisigxina yamanzi. Eli linyathelo elitsha elincumisayo kakhulu
elinjongo zalo ikukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela engeyiyo. Eminye imiqathango ebalulekileyo
echaphazela iintsapho, efunyanwa kwiShedyuli 2 yoMthetho kaMasipala waManzi ibandakanya ukuba:
•
•
•
•
•
Akukho mntu uya kunckenkceshela isitiya (phofu naziphi na iindawo ezinengca) esebenzisa amanzi aselwayo
(ahlaziyiweyo, okusela), phakathi kwezi yure 10:00 no 16:00.
Akukho mntu uya kugalela ngombhobho amanzi okusela kwindawo elukhuni okanye enomgangatho owenziwe
ngezitena ngaphandle kokufumana kuqala imvume kuMlawuli waManzi
Kufuneka kubandakanywe izixhobo zokonga amanzi ezifana neentloko zeeshawara ezinkcenkceza kancinci nezo
zifakelwa kwiimpompo, nezixhobo ezizizo zokugungxula izindlu zangasese kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezitsha nezo
ziphuhliswayo kwiSixeko.
Makungabikho mgqomo wamanzi wendlu yangasese ungaphezulu kwe- 9.5 yeelitha ngobukhulu.
Azivumelekanga izixhobo ezizizalisa ngokwazo zisebenzisa ivelufa edadayo etsala amanzi kumthombo wamanzi
aselwayo ukuzalisa amadama okuqubha namadanyana ezitiya.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
83
AMANZI
•
Abo basebenzisa amanzi kakhulu, abasebenzisa ngaphezu kwama 3 650 kl amanzi ngonyaka (njengamashishini,
ngaphandle kweeflethi okanye amaholo ahlala uluntu) kufuneka balungele ukuphicothwa qho ngonyaka.
Ubonelelo ngamanzi olufikelelekayo nolunoqoqosho
Ukususela ngo- 2001 eKapa kuye kwasetyenziswa inkqubo yokubizwa kwentlawulo yamanzi ehamba ngokwezigaba.
Isigaba 1 ngamanzi akho owafumana simahla yaye ezi litha ziyi 1 - 6kl zokuqala kubonelelwa ngazo simahla kubo
bonke abasebenzisi bamanzi. Isigaba 2 ukuya kwi 4 ahlala efikeleleka kakhulu, aze aye enyuka kancinci. Ngomhla
woku 1 kuJulayi 2005, imirhumo yamanzi yenyuswa kakhulu ngama 90% kwisigaba 5 (41 – 50kl) nange 190%
kwisigaba 6 (ngaphezu kwama 50kl) ngenyanga. Isixeko sizama ukubonelela ngamanzi ngendlela enobulungisa
ngakumbi – amanzi obonelelwa ngawo simahla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zemihla ngemihla, okanye
ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu; amanzi eemfuno ezingaphaya kweemfuno zakho zemihla ngemihla aya enyuka
ngeendleko.
Ityala lakho lamanzi
Isixeko sifunda isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi phantse rhoqo ngeentsuku ezingama 30. Uhlawuliswa
ngokwenkqubo yemirhumo enyuka ngokwezigaba ekhankanywe ngentla.
Qaphela ukuba uyawafumana amanzi akho asimahla. Noxa abahlali befumana i6kl yamanzi simahla ngenyanga
nganye, ayisoloko ibonakaliswa kanye njenge 6kl kwityala lakho, kodwa iba isisixa esiphakathi kwesi 5 nesi 6kl.
Kungokuba isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi asifundwa ngamini inye nyanga zonke.
Ukuba akukwazi ukuhlawula ityala lakho lamanzi uya kuhlawuliswa inzala kwimali osayityalayo. Ukungahlawuli
kungakhokelela ekucuthweni kwamanzi kuwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufakelwa iqhoshana lokuqingqa amanzi
kwimpompo ukuze amanzi aphume kancinci kangangokuba usapho lube nokufumana kuphela amanzi ayi 6kl
yasimahla ngenyanga. Iintsapho kufuneka zenze isicwangcwiso sentlawulo yamanzi neSixeko. Ukuba kukhe
kwanyikinyelwa isixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi, iSixeko sinelungelo lokuwavala tu angaphumi amanzi.
Ukufumana ingxelo ethe vetshe ngeendleko zamanzi, ukufakelwa, ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa,
uvavanyo lwezixhobo zokulinganisa nobonelelo ngenkonzo, ndwendwela iwebhsayithi yeSixeko kwa
www.capetown.gov.za. Ikhonkco elikhawulezayo i ‘Online Services’ libonelela ngengxelo ephangaleleyo
ngemirhumo yakwiindawo ezihlala abantu nezinye iinkonzo ezichaphazelekayo phantsi kwee ‘Nkonzo
zaManzi’.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Iakhawunti yaManzi
Amanzi asetyenziswe kwiintsuku eziyi-36
amanzi asetyenziswa ngosuku
iSigaba 1
6.3120 kl simahla – ngaphezu kwe 6 kl njengoko kufundwe isixhobo isithuba seentsuku ezingama 32-
iSigaba 2 6.3130 kl @ R2.46 = R2.46 x 6.313
iSigaba 3 4.375 kl @R6.52= R6.52 x 4.375
Umrhumo ngokunyuka kwezigaba
ISIGABA 1
0 kl – 6 kl: Amanzi akho asimahla.
Ezi kl zokuqala zi 6 uzifumana
nge- R0.00/kl.
ISIGABA 2
7 kl – 12 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezi 5
uzifumana nge- R2.46/kl.
ISIGABA 3
13 kl – 20 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezisi 7
uzifumana nge R6.52/kl.
ISIGABA 4
21 kl – 40 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezili 19
uzifumana nge- R11.04/kl.
ISIGABA 5
41 kl – 50 kl: ii-kl ezilandelayo ezili 9
uzifumana nge- R25.00/kl.
ISIGABA 6
ngaphezu kwama 50 kl: i-kl nganye
ifumaneka nge- R50.00.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
85
AMANZI
Funda ukufunda isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi
Yazi apho sikhoyo isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi. Sidla ngokufumaneka kwibhokisi yemitha ngaphandle
kwesakhiwo sakho. Kwizindlu zakudala, sidla ngokufumaneka apho umbhobho omkhulu ohamba amanzi ungena
kumhlaba wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyasifumana yaye uyakwazi ukusifunda.
Amanani amnyama = 1 000 kl
1/ isi10 selitha
okanye 100 ml
100 iilitha
1 ilitha
10 iilitha
Esibala ngokomthamo
Amanani amnyama = 1 000 kl
1/ isi10 selitha
okanye 100 ml
1 ilitha
Esizisebenzelayo
100 iilitha
10 iilitha
Ifoto: Tamara North
EKapa kukho iindidi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo zokulinganisa amanzi: esibala ngokomthamo
nesithelekelelayo. La manani amnyama kwezi zibali zombini achaza ubungakanani bamanzi asetyenzisiweyo. Kuye
kuthathwe la manani xa kubhalwa ityala onalo lamanzi. Kulo matshini uthelelekelelayo, amaqhezu eekhilolitha
abhalwe kwezi wotshana zinechokoza elibomvu ukanti kwesi sibala ngokomthamo kujongwa phaya kula ndawo
inamanani abomvu. La maqhezu abomvu akajongelwa manani okubala ityala, kuwo kujongwa ukuba akukho manzi
avuzayo na nezinye iingxaki ezinokuba zikho.
Ilebhu yoQinisekiso lweeMitha yeSixeko imana ivavanya iimitha zamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zirejistarisha
ngokwemiqathango yeSABS.
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ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Umhlali waseKapa, uNkskz Zenzele, uhlala nabanye abasixhenxe endlwini yosapho lwakhe. Baphila ngemali
engaphantsi kwe-R1 000 ngenyanga. Noxa indlu kaNkskz Zenzele inempompo yamanzi nendlu yangasese
enye kuphela, ityala lakhe leenkonzo zamanzi linyuke laya kutsho malunga nama- R17 050 ngoJanuwari
kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngeendleko zeenkonzo ezifikelela kuma- R450 (55kl) ngenyanga. UNkskz Zenzele
lolunye lweentsapho ezisoloko zisebenzisa amanzi ngendlela ephezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ukuze zibe
namatyala amanzi ezingenako ukukwazi ukuwahlawula. Kwenzeka njani oku?
Umgqomo wamanzi wendlu yangasese kaNkskz Zenzele unothanda yaye neqhoshana eliwubambayo ligugile – oko
kusoloko kubangwa yimpahla yokwakha engekho mgangathweni. Noxa kunokubiza kuphela iirandi ezimbalwa
ukubuyisela iqhoshana eligugileyo, kunye ne- R100 yomgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese, lo msebenzi kufuneka
wenziwe ngumntu onobuchule bokusebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi okanye umntu onamava okwenza umsebenzi
wezandla. UNkskz Zenzele akanako ukuhlawula umntu onjalo yaye bambalwa abahlali abanezixhobo okanye amava
afunekayo ukwenza lo msebenzi. UNkskz Zenzele akakwazi ukufunda ityala lakhe yaye ubengazi ukuba iKapa sisixeko
esinengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi.
IPhulo loKuvuza kwaManzi – ivelatanci loluntu eliququzelelwe liQonga loMnatha woBulungisa kokuSingqongileyo
leNtshona Koloni – lanceda uNkskz Zenzele ukulungisa indlu yakhe yangasese. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe amanzi
ngenyanga kwehla kwaya kutsho kwi- 13kl ngendleko ye- R20 ngenyanga. iPhulo loKuvuza kwaManzi livelatanci
lophuhliso loluntu oluzinzileyo elisebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abafana noNkskz bafumana isibonelelo
samanzi esiqhubekayo, esisiso, esifikelelekayo nesizinzileyo. Iphulo eli sele liqeqeshe ulutsha lwasekuhlaleni
kwizakhono zabaqalayo zokusebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi.
Uphando lweziza oluneenkcukacha lubonakalise ukuba kumaxa amaninzi amaqondo aphezulu okusetyenziswa
kwamanzi ebebangelwa kukuvuza kwimibhobho yamanzi yasemakhaya, ngokukodwa imigqomo yamanzi
yezindlu zangasese ezingaphakathi kwimida yeziza. Malunga noNkskz Zenzele, abahlali abakwazi ukuhlawula
amatyala asoloko enyuka yaye abanayo nemali yokuhlawulela ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi.
Kukwanqongophele ulwazi lokulungisa, okanye ukuqonda ukuba amanzi bubutyebi obubalulekileyo obunqabileyo.
Ukuhlangabezana noku kungentla, kunikwe imvume eyodwa yeBhunga (iSigqibo seMayco: MC 63/11/05) ukuba
Iinkonzo zaManzi zenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kube kanye kumakhaya angathathi ntweni.
Ngaphezu koko, onke amatyala abangelwe kukuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi kuloo makhaya alathiweyo aya
kucinywa kuphela xa kuthe kwafumaniseka ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuhlala kukumaqondo alindelekileyo
kwimijikelo emithandathu yokufundwa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi emva kokulungisa yaye libe lihlawulwe
lonke ityala elikhoyo lamanzi.
Le nkqubo isetyenziswa ndawo yonke siSixeko saseKapa esilungise ngaphaya kwe-11 000 yezindlu ezivuzayo
saze satyala malunga nezigidi ezi-R4 ukususela ngo-2006 kule projekthi. Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani
zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwinkqubo yezezimali yeSAP lwabonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama- 45 000 amakhaya
angathathi ntweni asebenzisa ngaphezu kwama- 30kl amanzi ngenyanga. Amakhaya angathathi ntweni alathwe
njengalawo anezindlu ezibiza i- R199 000 nangaphantsi. La makhaya angama-45 000 xa edibene asebenzisa
ngokwesiqhelo i-1000 000 kl ngenyanga – ngaphezu kwe-.5% yamanzi asetyenziswa siSixeko ngosuku.
Kulindeleke ukuba kwakugqitywa ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo kuya
kuba ngaphantsi kwe- 15kl kwikhaya ngalinye ngenyanga. Oku kuya kukhokelela kwisiphumo sokonga malunga
nama-360 000kl amanzi ngenyanga – ngaphezu kwe- 1.5% yamanzi asetyenziswa siSixeko ngosuku.
Iinjongo zeSixeko zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi
ISixeko sineenjongo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi namanzi amoshakalayo ngama- 30% ngo- 2020.
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AMANZI
Ifoto: Tamara North
AMANZI KWIKHAYA LAKHO
ISixeko senza konke esinako ukunciphisa ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ekufuneka kufikelelwe kuko
ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyawafumana amanzi okusela, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Ukunciphisa
okuyimpumelelo kwe- 10 – 20% kusoloko kufikelelwa kuko ngamaxesha emiqathango emiselwe imbalela.
Umcelimngeni ngoku kukugcinwa kwale meko ixesha elide. ISixeko asinakukwenza oku ngaphandle koncedo
nenkxaso yabemi baso xa bebonke. Siziintsapho sisebenzisa kangangama- 60% amanzi eSixeko xa ewonke. Oku
kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo esiwathathayo ukusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela eyiyo aya kwenza umahluko omkhulu
kwiSixeko sethu. Iindaba ezimnandi kukuba oku kungenziwa ngendlela engachaphazeli lonwabo lwethu, ixesha
nenkxamleko kuthi.
Yenza uphicotho oluncinci lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho
Angakanani amanzi asetyenziswa likhaya lakho? Niwasebenzisa phi awona manzi maninzi kwikhaya lakho? Ingaba
kukho izinto ebeninokonga kuzo amanzi? Yandisa ulwazi lwakho nokuqonda ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwikhaya
lakho ngalo msebenzi ungezantsi apha.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Umsebenzi
Umndilili
weelitha
zamanzi
asetyenziswayo
ngomsebenzi
Inani
lamaxesha
owenziwa
ngawo
umsebenzi
ngosuku
ngalunye
Ewonke
amanzi
asetyenziswa
ngumntu
ngosuku
ngalunye
(iilitha)
Inani
labantu
kwikhaya
Ewonke
amanzi
asetyenziswa
likhaya
ngosuku
Umzekelo:
Ukuhlamba izandla
nobuso
1.5 iilitha
ka-3 ngosuku
1.5 iilitha x
3 amaxesha
ngosuku = 4.5
4 abantu
4.5 iilitha x 4
abantu = 18
Ukuhlamba izandla
nobuso
1-3
Ibhafu
80 - 150
5-imizuzu ishawara
80
Ukucoca amazinyo
(usebenzisa itephu –
4
kungcono usebensise
ipayinti)
Ukugungxula indlu
yangasese
6-21
Ukusela (ikomityi)
0.25
Ukuhlamba izitya
(ngesandla)
18 isitya esincinci
36 isitya esikhulu
Umashini
wokuhlamba izitya
17-45
Umashini
wokuhlamba
iimpahla (umthwalo
omnye we- 3 kg)
80
Ukuhlamba izandla
(umthwalo webhafu
enye)
40
Impompo evuzayo/
ethontsizayo (ithontsi
30-60
eli-1 /ngomzuzwana
ngosuku ngalunye)
Isitiya sokutya
(nge-m² ngosuku)
4
Ukupheka (isidlo
sabantu aba- 5)
3
Ukusebenzisa
umbhobho wesitiya
iyure
600
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AMANZI
Bala ukuba ukusebenzisa kwenu amanzi xa kuchakiwe kuba njani na. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba ubone ezo zinto
niwasebenzisa kakhulu kuzo amanzi yaye kuya kuninceda ukuba nizikhethele ukuba ningaziphucula phi na iindlela
zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho. Kumaxa amaninzi, kangange-40% ukuya kwi-60% yamanzi asekhaya
asetyenziselwa izinto ezingabalulekanga, njengokunkcenkceshelwa kwezitiya nokuzaliswa kwamadama okuqubha.
Ukuze ufumane uphicotho olululo lwamanzi, yenza umdlalo wokuzonwabisa nongadlalwa mntu mnye
woMcelimngeni woPhicotho lwaseKhaya ofumaneka kwa- www.capetown.gov.za. Jonga phantsi kwe ‘Isixeko Sakho’
nee‘Nkonzo zaManzi’
Umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi likhaya
Uphando lwakutshanje lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumakhaya aseKapa obelusenziwa ngaBancedisi bezoBunjineli
bakwa CE lwalathe le mizekelo ilandelayo yeendlela zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Kwenziwe olu phando kwiIntanethi lwaza lwasasazwa nakwindawo enezindlu zeRDP. La maqela mabini aphenduleyo ahluhlwa-hlulwa banzi
apha njenganengeniso ‘ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu’ (Abaphendule kwi-Intanethi) namakhaya anengeniso
‘ephansti’ (uphando kumakhaya eRDP ).
Umzekelo wamakhaya anengeniso ephakathi
ukuya kwephezulu
Umzekelo wamakhaya
anengeniso ephantsi
’Ezinye’ ezifana
nokupheka, ukuhlamba
izitya nokusela – 14%
Izindlu zangasese –
73%
Iibhafu neeshawara
– 19%
Oomashini bokuhlamba
iimpahla – 17%
’Ezinye’ ezifana
nokupheka,
ukuhlamba izitya
neempahla, ukusela
≠ 8%
Iibhafu neeshawara – 32%
Izindlu zangasese - 37%
Ukulima izityalo – 46%
Ezinye – 54%
Abo bahlali banezitiya (ngaphezulu
nje kancinci kwesiqingatha sabo
baphendule kuphando) – 46%
(Isihloko: Amanzi – Asetyenziswa njani ekhaya, HE Jacobs, LC Geustyn no BF Loubser,
Abancedisi kwezoBunjineli).
Le mifanekiso isibonisa ukuba kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi indlu yangasese yeyona ndawo imandla
ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu yangasese ayivuzi kubalulekile ekongeni amanzi –
ngokufanayo kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi nanephezulu. Kumakhaya anengeniso ephezulu, izitiya yezona ndawo
imandla ekunokongiwa ngayo amanzi. Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo namanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ayafumaneka
kwicandelo elilandelayo.
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AMANZI
AMANYATHELO
ANOKUTHATHWA
Ifoto: Tamara North
Zininzi iindlela zokusebenzisa amanzi amancinci kwikhaya lakho. Iimbono namanyathelo anokuthi athathwe anikwe
apha akayi konga manzi kuphela, kodwa aya kukongela nemali. Akanzimanga yaye akayi kuwuguqula umgangatho
wobomi bakho.
Ukusebenza ngamanzi
Inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kukufumanisa apho likhoyo iqhosha elisisiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi
akho ukuze ukwazi ukuwavala amanzi akho xa kukho imfuneko. Thatha esi siciko njengempompo enkulu yendlu
yakho. Xa usivala, amanzi esuka kwimibhobho emikhulu aya kuvaleka ukuze amanzi ayeke ukumpompoza engena
endlwini yakho.
Xa uvala isiciko sokuvala ungeva ingxolo embhakrazayo okanye enga iyagqabhuka kwimibhobho yakho yamanzi.
Ibizwa ngokuthi yi ‘hamile yamanzi’ yaye ibangelwa yinguqu yesiquphe kukuqukuqela kokumpompoza kwamanzi
yaye noxinzelelo lwamanzi luyenyuka, nto leyo ibangela ukungcangcazela kwemibhobho yamanzi. Ekuhambeni
kwexesha, oku kungakhulula izibophi ezibambe imibhobho yamanzi kwandise amathuba okuvuza, ngoko ke
ukuvalwa kwesiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa ngenene kuyimfuneko (njengaxa
kulungiswa ukuvuza).
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AMANZI
Ukuthontsiza nokumoshakala kwamanzi
Impompo ethontsizayo ingamosha phakathi kwama - 30 ukuya kuma- 60 eelitha zamanzi mihla le. Ukuba
ityala lakho lamanzi likhangeleka lixhome kakhulu – lixhome ngaphezu koko ubunokukulindela kuphicotho
lwakho lwamanzi – khangela ukuba akukho zindawo zivuzayo na endlwini yakho. Iimpompo, iintloko zeeshawara
nemibhobho ehamba amanzi ashushu kungenzeka ukuba iyathontsiza. Isibhaxu esiluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga
kwisitiya sakho singachaza ukuba kukho ukuvuza komnye wemibhobho yakho ephantsi komhlaba. Oku kungaba
ngunobangela omkhulu welahleko yamanzi. Ulwazi ngokufumana nokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwikhaya lakho
lunikiwe kwisiqendu ngasinye ngezantsi apha. Ukuncipha ngama- 95% ngokulungiswa kokuvuza kwamanzi!
NgokoMthetho kaMasipala weSixeko waManzi omtsha akukho mthethweni ukuvumela imibhobho okanye
amaqhoshana emibhobho yamanzi ukuba avuze (uMthetho kaMasipala waManzi, Sahl. 3, iSiqendu 42 (1)).
Sathi sakuqala ukubeka esweni ukusebenzisa kwaso amanzi isikolo seMfundo ePhakamileyo saseRocklands
kwiiCape Flats, safumanisa ukuba isikolo sisebenzisa amanzi ngethuba zivaliwe izikolo. Oko kwakuthetha
ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwimibhobho yaso. Iindawo ezivuzayo zafunyanwa, zalungiswa. Oku kwehlisa
ukusebenzisa kwaso amanzi ngama- 95%! Ityala lesikolo lamanzi lehla ukusuka kuma- R2 000 ukuya
ngaphantsi kwama- R200 ngexesha leenyanga ezintathu!
(Environmental Monitoring Group, 2005)
Kufuneka ntoni xa ulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi?
•
•
•
•
•
itangi enemihlathi enwetywayo
ivayisi griphu
200 mm isipanera esivulekayo
isijiji-zikhonkwane esintloko isibaca, kunye
nolwazana oluthile nokuzithemba ngezakhono zakho zokuzenzela (DIY)!
Qaphela: Phambi kokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi, vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi ozisa amanzi endlwini
yakho. Sidla ngokuba kufutshane nesixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi. Emva kokulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi,
phinda usivule isiciko.
Ukukhangela ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba
Yiba soloko ujonge iindawo eziluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga esitiyeni. Oku kusoloko kungumqondiso wombhobho
wamanzi ovuzayo phantsi komhlaba. Apho imitha yamanzi ingaphantsi komhlaba kummandla kamasipala, umasipala
uya kuwulungisa umbhobho ogqabhukileyo ukuya kuma ngokuphela kwalo propati. Ukuba imitha ikwipropati,
umasipala uya kukulungisa ukuvuza kwamanzi kwimibhobho esasaza amanzi ukuya kuma kwindawo engena kuyo
kwindlu yakho. Umnini makaqinisekise ukuba kulula ukufika kwezi mitha ngalo lonke ixesha njengoko oko kuchaziwe
kumthetho kamasipala. Imibhobho engeyoyamitha ilungiswe ngumnini-ndlu.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Uvavanyo olulula lokukhangela ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi omhlaba
1. Cela onke amalungu osapho akhe eme kancinci ukusebenzisa amanzi lo gama usenza olu vavanyo. Linda imizuzu
engama – 30 emva kokuba kuyekiwe ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi phambi kokuba uqalise olu vavanyo. Qaphela
ukuba kufuneka kungasetyenziswa manzi ngayo yonke iyure ethathwa kukwenza olu vavanyo.
2. Fumana isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi njengoko kuchaziwe phantsi kwesihloko esithi “Funda ukufunda
imitha yakho yamanzi (p80).
3. Bhala phantsi oko kufundeka kwisixhobo sokulinganisa.
4. Jonga isixhobo sakho sokulinganisa amanzi ukubona ukuba ngaba amanzi ayahamba na kuso. Ukuba unesixhobo
sokulinganisa amanzi esithelekelelayo uya kukwazi ukubona ukuba ivilana elibunkwenkwezi liyajikeleza na.
Ukuba ivilana liyajikeleza, usenokuba unendawo evuzayo kwimibhobho yakho yamanzi.
5. Ukuba isixhobo sakho seso sibala ngokomthamo, amanani abomvu akwikona engasekunene yesibali sakho
(arejistarisha isi-1/10 seelitha) akuva ngokukhawuleza ukuphuma kwamanzi yaye angakubonisa xa kukho
ukuvuza okuthile ngokuthi akhawuleze aye kwinani elilandelayo. Abanye ooMasipala bayazitshixa izixhobo
ezitsha zokulinganisa amanzi – ungabacela ukuba bakunike isitshixo saso. Kambe ke, kufuneka iqatshelwe
into yokuba ezinye iimodeli zeemitha ezibala ngokomthamo zinamanani ama-3 endaweni yama-4 aboniswe
emfanekisweni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ela nani libomvu lingasekunene lirejistarisha ngelitha nganye enyukayo yaye
alikhawulezi ukuva amanzi adlulayo njengaleya inamanani amane erejistarisha isi-1/10 seelitha.
6. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwamanzi, bhala phantsi oko ukufunde kwisixhobo sakho sokulinganisa
amanzi kwiyure emva koko ubukufunde kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba kube akukho mntu ukhe wasebenzisa
amanzi endlwini ngeli thuba, okanye uvavanyo luya kuba lolungamkelekanga.
7. Thabatha oko ukufunde kuqala koko ukufunde okwesibini. Oku kuya kukuxelela ukuba angakanani na amanzi
avuzayo ngeyure nganye.
Ukuba ufumana ukuvuza kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba
Biza umntu osebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi ukuba alungise oko kuvuza, cela ukuba ufakelwe imibhobho emelana
nokudliwa ngumhlwa (umzekelo, ene- polyethylene ephezulu). Qaphela ukuba imibhobho ehambisa amanzi asuka
kumbhobho omkhulu kamasipala kufuneka ingavalelwa okanye ifakwe phantsi kwemigangatho eyikonkriti njengoko
kuchaziwe kwimithetho kamasipala.
Khumbula, iSixeko siya kulungisa nakuphi na ukuvuza kwamanzi okungaphandle komhlaba wakho, kwicala
lebhunga lesixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi, ngaphandle kwentlawulo.
Izindlu zangasese
Umyinge wamanzi asetyenziswa yindlu yakho yangasese ungehliswa lula ngokulungiswa kakuhle nangeendlela ezilula
zokongiwa kwamanzi. Imigqomo emidala yamanzi endlu yangasese ithwala phakathi kweelitha ezili- 9 nezili- 12
zamanzi. Imigqomo yangoku yamanzi endlu yangasese ithwala malunga neelitha ezi- 6 zamanzi. Ukuguqula indlu
yakho yangasese ibe yileyo igungxula kaninzi (egungxula ingayeki xa umqheba usacinezelwe) okanye leyo igungxula
kabini (egungxula ixesha elide negungxula ixesha elifutshane) kungakhokelela kukongiwa kwamanzi okufikelela
kuma- 20% kwityala lakho lamanzi. Unako nokunciphisa umthamo womgqomo wamanzi wendlu yakho yangasese
ngokufaka ibhotile okanye ingxowa eza kuthatha indawo yamanzi apha emgqomeni wamanzi wakho.
NgokoMthetho kaMasipala weSixeko waManzi omtsha umgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese (ithoyilethi) kufuneka
ungabi ngaphezu kwe-9,5 leelitha zamanzi ubukhulu (uMthetho kaMasipala waManzi iShedyuli 2 uLawulo
loKusetyenziswa kwaManzi).
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AMANZI
Egungxula kabini: Ukufakela indlela yokusebenza kwamanzi endlu yangasese
ngogungxula kabini, kufuneka kufakelwe umgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese
omtsha. Oku kubiza kwisithuba se- R1 500 xa iyonke loo nto. Ezi zixhobo
zigungxula kabini zifuna ukusoloko zihoyiwe kakhulu kunezo zigungxula kaninzi.
Esigungxula kaninzi (ugungxulo olunqamkayo): Le yindlela elula ekwenza
ukwazi ukulawula ubungakani bamanzi ogungxula ngawo. Wakube uwuyekile
umqheba womgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese, uya kuyeka nayo ukugungxula.
Oku kuy akungela ngaphezu kwama- 50% amanzi okugungxula. Indlu yangasese
ekhoyo ingafakelwa ngokutsha indlela yokugungxula kaninzi. Uqikelelo
lweendleko: R60 – R450.
Ibhotile yeplastiki okanye i’hippo bag’: Ukufaka ibhotile yeplastiki okanye
i’hippo bag’ kumgqomo wamanzi endlu yakho yangasese kuya kunciphisa umyinge
wamanzi ekugungxulwa ngawo abize kancinci okanye angabizi nto kwaphela.
I’hippo bag’ ibiza malunga ne- R17.
Isingxobo, okanye ingxowa, kungcono ukuba ibekwe phantsi kwebhola leyo.
Ukuba usebenzisa ibhotile yeplastiki ukucutha umyinge wamanzi asebenzayo, kuya
kufuneka wenze umgqobho kwicala ngalinye lebhotile, apha kanye emagxeni, ukuze amanzi agcinwe ebhotileni (le
ithathe indawo yamanzi) angabi madala. Ibhotile kufuneka yenziwe ibe nzima ukuze ingalabalabi.
Ifoto: Tamara North
Ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizindlu zangasese
Indlu yangasese evuzayo ingamosha ukuya kuma- 100 000 eelitha zamanzi ngonyaka omnye. Oku kuvuza
kunyusa ukusebenzisa kwakho amanzi kukutyhalele kwisigaba esingentla sentlawulo yamanzi, okanye inqanaba, yaye
kungaba yindleko enkulu kakhulu.
Ukuvavanya ukuvuza kwamanzi kwizindlu zangasese
Nazi iindlela ezintathu ezilula zokukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba indlu yakho yangasese ayivuzi na. Kufuneka
ulinde imizuzu engama- 20 ukwenza ezi mvavanyo ukuba ubusandula kugungxula indlu yakho yangasese.
Mamela amanzi ankcenkceza engena kwimbiza yendlu yangasese.
Cinezela intwana yephepha langasese kumva wembiza ngaphakathi eludongeni lwayo.
Ukuba liba manzi, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ukuvuza.
Galela amathontsi ali- 15 olwelo lokufaka umbala ekutyeni kumgqomo wamanzi wendlu yangasese (a). Ukuba,
emva kwemizuzu eli- 15, amanzi akwimbiza yendlu yangasese abe nombala, kukho ukuvuza (b).
Ifoto: Tamara North
1.
2.
3.
(a)
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
(b)
AMANZI
Ukufumana ukuvuza
Susa isiciko somgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese ujonge ukuba emi ndawoni na amanzi ngaphakathi.
a) Ukuba amanzi akwinqanaba elinye nombhojana wevalufa yokugungxula, ngoko ke inqanaba lamanzi libekwe
laba phezulu kakhulu okanye ivelufa yokukhupha amanzi iyavuza.
b) Ukuba amanzi angena kumbhojana wevalufa, ivelufa yamanzi ibekwe phezulu kakhulu okanye ivelufa
yamanzi iyavuza.
c) Ukuba inqanaba lamanzi lingaphantsi kwayo yomibini imibhojana yamanzi, ivelifa yokugungxula iyavuza.
Ukubeka amanzi kumanqanaba afanelekileyo
Imibhojana engaphakathi kwindlu yangasese ithintela ukuphuphuma xa lithe inqanaba lamanzi kumgqomo wamanzi
ashushu okanye kowamanzi endlu yangasese labekwa phezulu kakhulu. Amanzi ayakwazi ukungena kumbhojana
onqanda ukuphuphuma wendlu yangasese, okanye umbhojana wevalufa yokugungxula onqanda ukuphuphuma,
aphume endlwini.
Ukuba amanzi ayaphuma kwimibhojana yakho yokunqanda ukuphuphuma, oko kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lamanzi
akho libekwe phezulu kakhulu. Oku kungalungiswa ngokuthotywa kwevelufa yamanzi ngokugoba ingalo yayo
kancinci iye phantsi (bamaa ingalo ngesinye isandla, lo gama uyigobayo ngesinye isandla – oku kuya kunqanda ukuba
kungabikho nto yaphukayo). Ukuba ivelufa ifakwe ngesilungelelanisi sohlobo lwesikhonkwane, jija isikhonkwane
ukuthoba umbhojana kancinci.
Inqanaba lamanzi kufuneka linyuke lifike kwinqanaba elingezantsi kwevelufa yamanzi yaye ivelufa edadayo kufuneka
ivale. Ukuba akwenzeki oku, yaye inqanaba lamanzi lisenyuka ube umgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese uqalisa
ukuphuphuma kwakhona, kufuneka kufakwe elinye iqhoshana lombhojana odadayo.
Ukufakela iqhoshana levelufa edadayo
1. Vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi – oku kuya
kuvala amanzi angangeni kwindlu yakho.
2. Khupha isikhonkwane esicandekileyo nengalo
edadayo.
3. Jija ukhulule isiciko.
4. Susa ibhola usebenzisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi
ukuyityhala iphume (vula isiciko sombhobho omkhulu
wamanzi kancinci).
5. Jija ukhulule ibhola ukuze ukhulule iqhoshana
elibanjwe ngaphakathi kuyo.
6. Fakela iqhoshana elitsha. Phinda udibanise iindawo
obuzikhuphile (Isigaba 4 ukuya kwiSigaba 3 ukuya
kwiSigaba 2 ukuya kwiSigaba 1).
7. Vula isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi ngokucotha ujonge ukuba ivelufa edadayo iyavala na xa amanzi efika
kwinqanaba lokuzala komgqomo wamanzi endlu yangasese.
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95
AMANZI
Ukufakela iqhoshana levelufa yokugungxula
1. Vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi.
2. Khulula ucingo lokuphakamisa kwingalo.
3. Khupha isikhonkwane esicandekileyo nombhojana
osecaleni.
4. Susa intongana ejikelezayo.
5. Khulula intsimbi esezantsi esisangqa edibanisa ezinye ukhuphe iqhoshana.
Qaphela: Khumbula ukuba belijonge ngaphi na eli
qhoshana ukuze ufake iqhoshana elitsha.
6. Fakela iqhoshana elitsha, icala elithambekileyo lijonge phezulu.
7. Phinda udibanise iiindawo obuzikhuphile (iSigaba
5 ukuya kwiSigaba 4 ukuya kwiSigaba 3 ukuya
kwiSigaba 2 ukuya kwiSigaba 1).
8. Vula isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi
ngokucotha uhlole ukuba akusekho kuvuza na.
Ifoto: Tamara North
Iibhafu neeshawara
NgokoMthetho waManzi kaMasipala weSixeko ubuninzi bomyinge wamanzi aphuma kwintloko yeshawara
makangabi ngaphezulu kwe-10 leelitha ngomzuzu (uMthetho waManzi kaMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo
lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi).
Ibhafu eqhelekileyo inomthamo ophakathi kwe- 150 nama- 200 eelitha zamanzi. Ishawara eqhelekileyo isebenzisa
amalunga ne- 22 eelitha zamanzi ngomzuzu ngamnye. Iintloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi angaphantsi
kwesiqingatha salo myinge ngomzuzu ziyafumaneka. Xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo, iintloko zeeshawara ezikhupha
amanzi amancinci ziyawaqingqa amanzi aphuma kwintloko yeshawara. Amanzi aphuma ngomngxuma omalunga ne5 mm anyanzelwe kwindawo ezama-zamayo apho ahlulwa abe zizigidi zamathontsana amancinci. Oku konga ukuya
kuma- 50% amanzi – yaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane wokufudumeza amanzi.
Iintlobo namagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo eentloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi amancinci ayafumaneka kwimarike,
ukonga ukuya kuma- 30 nama 50% amanzi asetyenziswa kwiishawara. Qaphela: Kufuneka ama-600 kPa oxinzelelo
lomgqomo wamanzi ashushu ukuze zibe nokusebenza ezi ntloko zeeshawara. Iintloko zeeshawara ezikhupha amanzi
amancinci zibiza phakathi kwama- R70 nama- R350.
Xa uhlamba kwishawa, kufuneka uyiqaphele into yokuba ukuba xa uhlamba imizuzu elishumi, awongi manzi.
Khumbula ukuba xa amanzi ephuma kancinci ixesha elifutshane, yaye uhlamba imizuzwana embalwa, wonga amanzi.
96
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Imigqomo yamanzi ashushu
Njengemigqomo yamanzi endlu yangasese, imigqomo yamanzi ashushu inombhojana othintela ukuphuphuma
kwamanzi. Kuqhelekile ukuba amanzi athontsize kulo mbhojana (okanye idreyini) uxonyezelelwe kwivelufa
eyandisiweyo yokunceda. Xa amanzi ashushu esanda, kukhutshwa amancinci kuwo ngalo mbhojana. Ukuthontsiza
kumelwe ukuba kuyeke bakuba ubushushu bamanzi bumi ndawonye. Oku kuthontsiza kuqhelekileyo kungaqhuba
iyure yonke nangaphezulu. Kungaphuma ukuya kwiilita ezi- 2 zamanzi kulo mbhojana wokuthintela ukuphuphuma
ngosuku ngalunye. La manzi angaqokelelwa aphinde asetyenziswe kwizityalo zakho zesitiya!
Ukuba kukho ukuthontsiza okuqhubekayo okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi kumbhojana othintela ukuphuphuma
okanye ivelufa eyandisiweyo yokunceda uze umyinge wamanzi aqokelelweyo apha ube ngaphezu kweelitha ezi- 2
ngemini, kukho ukuvuza kwamanzi. Ngenxa yobumbaxa yaye mhlawumbi nobunzima bokulungisa imigqomo
yamanzi ashushu evuzayo, okona kungcono kukuba ubize umntu oqeqeshelwe ukusebenza ngemibhobho yamanzi
ukuba akulungiselele le ngxaki.
Iimpompo
Kungafakelwa amaqhoshana angenisa umoya kwiimpompo zasebhafini nezasekhitshini, kuncitshiswe ukuphuma
kwesiqhelo kwamanzi empompeni ukusuka kuma- 20 okanye 30 eelitha ngomzuzu, amaninzi kuwo emoshakala,
ukuya kwisi- 6 ukuya kwi- 10 leelitha. Ezi zixhobo zokuthomalalisa ukuphuma kwamanzi zisebenza ngokugqithisela
amanzi kwiglasana ebethelelwa apha kwimingxuma yeempompo. Amanzi aqingqwa ngomngxuma obukhulu buyi5mm ukuze kongezwe amaqamza ukwenza ukuba amanzi ahambe ngokuzola okungatshiziyo. Ukuphuma kwamanzi
kwimpompo yakho kungancitshiswa ngama- 50% ukuyato 75%, lo gama uxinzelelo lwamanzi lumi ndawonye.
Amaqhoshana angenisa umoya empompeni ajijeka lula. Noxa kunjalo, asizizo zonke iimpompo ezinokufakelwa ezi
zixhobo njengoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba azinamsonto.
Umsonto ombaxa ungena kuzo zombini iimpompo ezilungiselelwe imisonto yesiqhelo ngokwesini sobukhomokazi
naleyo yesobudoda. Noxa iimpompo ezininzi namhlanje zinemisonto yesiqhelo, impompo ezindala zingafuna
amaqhoshana okungenisa umsonto ukuze kufakelwe lula iimveliso zokonga amanzi. Ziyafumaneka. Jonga
ukuba lungakanani na uxinzelelo lwamanzi (kPa) olufunekayo ukuze ezi mveliso zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokomthetho kamasipala omtsha, ukuphuma kwamanzi kuyo nayiphi na itephu yesinki yokuhlamba izandla
akunakuba ngaphezulu kweelitha ezintandathu ngomzuzu (Shedyuli 2 yoMthetho kaMasipala waManzi, uLawulo
lweMfuno eMandla yaManzi).
NgokoMthetho weSixeko waManzi wooMasipala ubuninzi bomyinge wamanzi aphuma kuyo nayiphi na impompo
efakelwe kwisityana sokuhlamba izandla mawungabi ngaphezu kweelitha ezi- 6 ngomzuzu (uMthetho waManzi
wooMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi).
Iqhoshana elingenisa umoya empompeni libiza malunga nama- R35.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
97
AMANZI
Ukulungisa impompo evuzayo NGEZIGABA EZILULA ezisixhenxe!
Impompo ethontsizayo idla ngokuxela ukuba kufuneka ufakele iqhoshana elitsha. Ukwenza oku:
1. Vala isiciko sombhobho omkhulu wamanzi (umbhobho omkhulu ongenisa amanzi endlwini yakho) uvule
impompo ngokupheleleyo.
2. Jija ukhulule isiciko. Xa ukhulula impompo, yisongele ngelaphu ukuze ingakrweleki.
3. Jija ukhulule intsimbi esisangqa edibanise ezinye.
4. Jija ukhulule imortyisi ebambe iqhoshana ukuze ukhuphe iqhoshana.
5. Fakela iqhoshana elitsha uze ubuyisele imortyisi. Qinisekisa ukuba unobukhulu obulungele impompo.
6. Phinda ubuyisele intsimbi esisangqa edibanise ezinye uze ujije ubuyisele isiciko.
7. Vala impompo, vula umbhobho ohambisa amanzi ngokucotha ujonge iindawo ezivuzayo kwakhona. Musa
ukuyiqinisa kakhulu impompo njengoko iqhoshana elitsha lithambile yaye linokonakala.
98
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Oomashini bokuhlamba izitya neempahla
Ukukhetha ngobulumko xa uthenga izinto zasekhaya ezintsha kungaba nefuthe elikhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi
akho (nombane ngokunjalo). Khangela iimveliso ezonga amanzi nombane.
Oomashini bokuhlamba izitya basebenzisa malunga nama- 40 ukuya kuma- 75 eelitha zamanzi ngokuhlamba, kodwa
oomashini abagqibelele ngakumbi bangasebenzisa kancinci kangange- 13 leelitha. Aba bangasebenzisa
nombane ongaphantsi njengoko emancinci amanzi ekufuneka efudunyeziwe. Oomashini abaneempahla ezihlanjwa
msinya (izitya ezingangcolanga kakhulu) okanye iimpahla ezimbalwa baya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
ngama- 37% nokusetyenziswa kombane ngama- 29%.
Oomashini bokuhlamba iimpahla ngokwesiqhelo basebenzisa ama- 150 eelitha
Ukuhlamba
Oomashini bokuhlamba iimpahla abagqibelele ngakumbi basebenzisa amanzi amalunga nama- 30%
ngaphantsi nama- 40% ukuya kuma- 50% umbane ngaphantsi. Khangela oomashini abasebenzisa phakathi
kwama- 37 ukuya 45 eelitha zamanzi ngokuhlamba. Kwakhona, amanzi ashushu amancinci athetha ukuba
kusetyenziswa umbane omncinci.
Qaphela, ukuba oomashini abonga amanzi baya kufuna isepha ejiye kakhulu okanye eninzi yaye ngaphandle kokuba
kungasetyenziswa sepha zimbi, azikulungelanga ukusetyenziswa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka.
Iingcebiso jikelele
•
•
Oomashini abafakwa iimpahla ngaphambili umthetho wabo bagqibelele ngaphezu kwabo bayifakwa ngaphezulu (bonga amanzi nombane).
•
Nawuphi na umjikelo wokuhlamba kusetyeniswa iqondo lobushushu elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 60 umosha umbane omninzi kakhulu.
•
Ukuhlamba okukhawulezayo nokuhlamba iimpahla ezimbalwa kokubini kunceda ekongeni amanzi xa kuhlanjwa iimpahla ezimbalwa.
Xa usebenzisa umatshini weempahla nowezitya mawugcwale ngumthwalo weempahla okanye wezitya.
Izitiya
Apho izindlu zinezitiya, ezi zitiya zidla ngokusebenzisa kangangama- 30 ukuya kuma- 50% awo onke amanzi
asetyenziswa kwikhaya elo. La ngamanzi anyangiweyo, aselwayo (kudla imali ukuwahlambulula) yaye kufuneka
sicinge ngobulumko xa sifuna ukuwasebenzisa ezitiyeni. Singagqibelela ngakumbi ngokunkcenkceshela ngamaxesha
apholileyo emini, kusetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela okuthontsizayo, ukusebenzisa izichumiso zendalo nokufaka isitroyi
kwizitiya zethu. Ezinye izityalo ezilungele ukutyalwa eKapa (ebezisoloko zikho) azifuni kunkcenkceshelwa nakancinci,
ngaphandle kwaxa zisakhula.
NgokoMthetho weSixeko omtsha wooMasipala waManzi izitiya azinakunkcenkceshelwa ngamanzi okusela,
phakathi kweeyure 10:00 no 16:00. xa kusetyenziswa umbhobho wokunkcenkceshela ukunckenkcesheka isitiya
ufakwe kwimpompo yamanzi aselwayo, kuya kufakelwa isixhobo sokulawula amanzi, kungafakwa nokuba sisitshizi
ekupheleni kombhobho. (uMthetho waManzi wooMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi).
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
99
AMANZI
Izityalo zemveli ezimibala-bala nezonga amanzi kwizitiya zethu
Incam yeKapa ineendidi ezininzi zezityalo (2 256) kuneZiqithi zaseBritane xa zizonke (1 492).
Ezi zityalo zemveli ziye zalungela ukumelana nobume bezulu nohlobo lomhlaba weli
kwiminyaka engamawaka yaye inkoliso inamagqabi amancinci, angwevu, anencindi okanye
anoboya ukumelana nobushushu nokoma kwehlobo. Izityalo zemveli zezona zilungele
izitiya zethu yaye zifuna ukukhathalelwa nokunkcenkceshelwa kancinci, xa zithe zakufuna
oko. Isitiya esele sikhulile esonga amanzi singandisa ixabiso lendlu yakho. Okukhona usenza
isitiya sakho songe amanzi kwasekuqaleni, kokukhona kuya kuba lula yaye kungabinandleko
ukusigcina sisihle. Wakuthatha isigqibo sokwenza isitiya sakho songe amanzi, thetha
ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoko nendawo ekhulisa ithengise izityalo kwindawo ohlala kuyo,
okanye jonga kwiphamflethi yeSixeko enesihloko esithi “Creating a water efficient garden”.
Ukuba kufuneka ube nengca yokuphumla, faka ingca yemveli emelana neembalela endaweni
yengca iKikuyu, efana neBuffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) ne Fyn (Fine) kweek . Ezi
ntlobo zifuna isiqingatha somyinge wamanzi yaye kulula ukuzikhathalela. Ingca yokuphumla
eseKirstenbosch Gardens (kusetyenziswa iintlobo zengca yemveli) inkcenkceshelwa kuphela
kanye ngeveki ebusuku iinyanga ezintathu zonyaka (ehlotyeni). Kungenjalo, le ngca
ixhomekeke emvuleni ukuze iphile, yaye iqhuba kakuhle.
Ifoto: Tamara North
Amadama okuqubha
Kuthatha ama- 32.5 billion eelitha zamanzi ukuzalisa amadama okuqubha
aqikelelwa kuma- 650 00 eMzantsi Afrika. INtshona Koloni inamalunga
nama- 91 000 ala madama okuqubha.
Xa imozulu ishushu kakhulu, amanqanaba amanzi amadama ngokwendalo
ehla malunga ne- 0.5cm ukuya kwi- 1 cm ngosuku. Izigqumo zamadama
zinciphisa ukuphuma komphunga ukuya kutsho kuma- 90%, zonge
amanzi obuza kuwasebenzisa ukunyusa amanqanaba amanzi edama
lakho. Iplastiki ekwenziwe ngayo izigqumo zamadama okugqubha Ibiza
malunga nama- R40 ukuya kuma- R50 ngesikwere semitha. Izixhobo
zobunewu-newu ezizisongayo nezinye izincedisi zingabiza ngaphezu
kwama- R2 000. Qho ukuba usongeza amanzi kwidama lakho, nebhili
yakho iza kunyuka.
Ifoto: Tamara North
Amadama okuqubha avuzayo angakhokelela kwilahleko engeyomfuneko
yamanzi. Khangela iintanda ngaphakathi kwidama lokuqubha okanye
indawo enengca eluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngcono nangakumbi,
bhala phantsi ukuba kufuneka ulizalise rhoqo kanganani na idama
lakho lokuqubha (oku kuya kuthi gqolo kakhulu ehlotyeni). Ukuba inqanaba lamanzi edama lakho lokuqubha lihla
ngaphezu kwe- 5cm ukuya kwi- 6cm ngeveki, ngokuqinisekileyo unendawo evuzayo.
NgokoMthetho weSixeko waManzi wooMasipala omtsha izixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zokuzalisa ezisebenzisa ivelufa
edadayo etsala amanzi kumthombo wamanzi aselwayo ukuzalisa idama lokuqubha azivumelekanga (uMthetho
waManzi wooMasipala iShedyuli 2 uLawulo lokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi).
100
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
AMANZI
Amanzi atsalwa phantsi komhlaba nakwimithombo
Umthombo udla ngokufakwa impompo elapha emhlabeni ekwazi ukutsala amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba isebenzisa
umbhobho ofunxayo kwi-8-10 leemitha ngaphantsi emhlabeni. Umngxuma ekutsalwa kuwo amanzi ongenzulwanga
umalunga nama- 30 eemitha, lo gama imingxuma enzulu inokuba nzulu kangange- 100 leemitha. Ukumba
umngxuma wokutsala amanzi kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu yaye kufuneka kuphandwe ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba
kwenziwe. Amanzi avela phantsi komhlaba asenokungakulungeli ukunkcenkceshelwa kwezityalo.
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba adlala indima ebalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo. Ngamathuba eembalela, amanzi aphantsi
komhlaba avuselela imilambo xa amanzi ayo esezantsi. Ngamaxesha eemvula, iba ngamanzi emilambo ehlayo aye
ezantsi emhlabeni; imilambo namanzi emiyo emhlabeni avuselela lawo aphantsi komhlaba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba
amanzi avela phantsi komhlaba akangcolanga okanye akasetyenziswa ngokugqithileyo, umyinge wamanzi atsalwa
phantsi komhlaba kufuneka ubekwe esweni . yiyo uMasipala efuna ukuba onke amakhaya anemingxuma yokutsala
amanzi phantsi komhlaba abhaliswe kuMasipala.
Amatanki amanzi emvula
Noxa kungekho mthethweni nje ukuxomezelela itanki lamanzi emvula kumbhobho wamanzi
aselwayo, kungaba yingcinga entle ukuzifakela itanki lakho lamanzi emvula ukwenzela
amanzi okuhlamba iimpahla, ukucoca, ukunkcenkceshela nedama lokuqubha. Kungafakelwa
nesixhobo sokusebenzisa amanzi emvula aye kumatanki amanzi asethoyilethi yaye oku
kungacutha ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi xa kuflashwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamatanki amanzi emvula kwimimandla efumana imvula ehlotyeni
kunganenzuzo enkulu kunezo ndawo ezifumana iimvula ebusika. Kodwa ke, itanki elineelitha
ezingama-5000 elisetyenziselwa ukuflasha ethoyilethi ebusika kungonga i-15% yamanzi qho
ngonyaka. Oku kunokwenzeka xa amanzi ehla phezulu ephahleni ayi-80 m² ngexesha lokuna
kweemvula.
Amatanki amanzi emvula athatha imithamo eyahlukeneyo yamanzi: 200 yeelitha, 500
yeelitha, 1 000 leelitha, 1 500 leelitha, 2 500 eelitha, 5 000 eelitha nama 10 000 eelitha.
Ngenxa yendlela amakhulu ngayo, kufuneka indawo enkulu yokuwafakela. Ukonga indawo,
khetha itanki elimi ngqo ingelilo elilele ngecala. Ukubeka itanki emthunzini kuya kunceda ekugcineni amanzi ephole
kangangoko. Qaphela ukuba elenziwe ngemathiriyeli engangenisi kukhanya lingenza ukuba amanzi abe nobulembu
xa libekwe kwindawo enelanga. Itanki elibukhulu buziilitha ezili-1 000 likhangeleka ilelona longayo – nelithandwayo,
libiza kwisithuba sama- R890 ngetanki lesiqhelo leplastiki eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Itanki elincinci eliziilitha
ezingama- 250 libiza malunga nama- R530.
Ukulunga nokungalungi kwamanzi amdaka
Amanzi esithi amdaka ngamanzi asetyenziswe endlwini ekuhlambeni, ekuhlambeni iimpahla nasekucoceni. Kukho
indlela yokuthatha la amanzi amdaka aguqulelwe kumanzi okunkcenkceshela izitiya. Bubalulekile ubukhulu nendlela
emi ngayo imibhobho ejika amanzi esuka kumashini wokuhlamba iimpahla. Kufuneka izihluzi, iivelufa kunye
novimba (wokugcina). Amanzi okuhlamba iimpahla anesepha eneefosfeythi anesondlo yaye angakhuthaza ukukhula
kwezityalo. Noxa kunjalo, ulwelo oluninzi lokuhlamba izitya lunezinto azingazilungelanga izitiya zethu. Amanzi
amdaka avela ekhitshini makangasetyenziswa ekunkcenkcesheleni izitiya.
INCWADANA
yokuphila
ngokulumkileyo
101
AMANZI
Amanzi amdaka akasoloko ekhuselekile ukuba angasetyenziswa. Kufuneka wazi ukuba ungabeka esweni
ngokhuseleko izinto ezingena emanzini ulawule le ndlela ngokukuko. Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, musa ukusebenzisa
amanzi amdaka ukunkcenkceshela imifuno yakho, amayeza okanye iziqhamo oneenjongo zokuzitya. Xa usebenzisa
amanzi amdaka kwisitiya sakho, kubalulekile ukuba amathontsi amanzi abe makhulu yaye amanzi aphumele
ezantsi ukuze anganabeli kwezinye iindawo amanzi amdaka. La manzi makangatshizwa kwingca yakho ngeentsuku
ezinomoya. Kungcono ukuwasebenzisa kwakhona la manzi kusetyenziswa indlela etofayo ewagalela kanye
kwiingcambu zezityalo amanzi. Indlela yokutofa amanzi engcono ngakumbi yileyo isebenzisa imibhobho ephantsi
komhlaba. Sukugalela amanzi amdaka kwizinto eziwathumela kwiidreyini ezisesitalatweni ngoba oko kungangcolisa
izixokelelwano zemibhobho yamanzi ezithumela amanzi kwimilambo nemithombo yethu.
Ezi ndlela ziyabiza kodwa ziyafumaneka eKapa. Ukufaka imibhobho yamanzi amdaka kumbaxa. Yenza uphando
olunzulu ngale nkqubo yaye uqinisekise ukuba usebenzisa inkampani edumileyo.
IINDLELA ZONXIBELELWANO
NEMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
Imibuzo ngeTyala laManzi kwiSixeko saseKapa: 0860 103 089
IZiko lobuGcisa laManzi leeNkonzo zoCoceko leSixeko saseKapa : 0860 103 054
I-imeyile: WaterTOC@capetown.gov.za; I-Intanethi: www.capetown.gov.za
I-Ofisi yeNgingqi yeSebe leMicimbi yezaManzi naMahlathi, 17 Strand Street, Bellville: (021) 950 7100;
I-Intanethi: www.dwaf.gov.za
Iqumrhu lokuBekwa eSweni koKusingqongileyo (EMG) Umnxeba: (021) 448 2881.
Imigangatho yokudizayinwa nokwakhiwa kwemingxuma yokutsala amanzi.: Jonga iSANS 10299 (2003)
“Development and maintenance of groundwater resources”.
Ne-Borehole Association of South Africa www.bwa.co.za.
Uvimba weCandelo lokuFakela: A- Z wokuSebenza ngoBuchule ngeMibhobho yaManzi kwiZakhiwo zoRhwebo
nezaMakhaya, CSIR, 2003.
Zenza ntoni ezinye izixeko eMzantsi Afrika naphesheya ukonga amanzi?
www.randwater.co.za
www.umgeni.co.za
www.savewater.co.za ngeendlela zalapha zokonga amanzi
www.thameswateruk.co.uk
www.sydneywater.com.au
www.webfoundry.co.za ngoMcelimngeni woPhicotho lwaseKhaya
www.ewisa.co.za
102
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO
NEZILWANYANA
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
Ibhayodavesithi (iintlobo ngeentlobo
zizityalo nezilwanyana) zizo zonke
izinto eziphilayo, iintlobo-ntlobo
ezifuzeneyo,neendawo ezihlala kuzo.
‘Bubutyebi bendalo’ behlabathi,
obubonelela ngako konke ukutya kwethu
nento eninzi yemithombo ekrwada.
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ayiloluhlu lweentlobo nje kuphela, kodwa ngokulandelelana kolwalamano
kuthungelwano oluxandileyo, nesisaqalayo ukulunakana, ndingathethi ke ngokuluqonda. Indawo nganye kolu
thungelwano luxandileyo luya luphela kancinane xa inxalenye ethile yalo iba buthathaka okanye inyamalala.
Kubudlelwane bezityalo nezilwanyana kuqwalasela iintlobo, iimfuzo neendawo ezihlala kuzo, phakathi
kwezinye izinto.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Uhlobo lwento liqela lezinto eziphilileyo ezineempawu ezizodwa. Ngeentlobo ezohlukeneyo kuqwalaselwa inani,
uhlobo nokwabiwa kweentlobo ezikwindawo ethile eziphila kuzo izityalo nezilwanyana. Okwangoku asikakwazi
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
ukuphendula umbuzo othi: ‘ziziphi ezinye iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana esabelana nazo lo mhlaba?’ Iingqikelelo
ziyohluka kakhulu, ukususela kwizigidi ezintlanu ukuya kwizigidi ezilikhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho malunga
nesiqingatha sesigidi seentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezichazwe ziinzululwazi.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zeemvelo zazo
Ukwahluka kwiiseli ezilawula imfuza kunika izinto eziphilileyo ithuba lokuqhubeka nokuchuma nokuhlala kwiimeko
ezintsha. Imvelo yemfuzo eyohlukeneyo ibangelwa kukukhethwa kweempawu ‘ezithandwayo’ ‘ezisebenza’
kwimeko-bume engqongileyo ethile. Ukwahlula nokuxanda kweendawo zokuhlala kukhuthaza iintlobo ezininzi
ngemithamo yokwahluka kwemfuza. Amaqela akhethekileyo awodwa, afana nalawo ahlala kwiziqithi ezincinane,
okanye kwiindawo ezincinane zeendawo zokuhlala abekelwe bucala kwimeko-bume esingqongileyo, yaye adla
ngokuba nemfuza engengako kunalo maqela ahlala ngobuninzi, kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Ngoko ke, amaqela
akhethekileyo awodwa asengozini emandla yokubhanga.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zonxibelelwano nendalo
Oku kubhekiselele kwiintlobo-ntlobo zeendawo zokuhlala neendawo zeentlobo ezohlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana
ezinxulumanayo kuthungelwano lwendawo yokuhlala etshintshayo ngokolwalamano oluxhomekeke omnye komnye.
Iindawo zokuhlala zezo zisemanzini (amachibi, iindawo ezimanzi, amachweba emilambo, imigxobhozo, kumaqaqa
aselwandle) ukuya kwezo zisemhlabeni (amahlathi, iintlango, iintaba, amadlelo ashushu, amathafa anengca
kunye namathafa angenamithi angumgxobhozo). Ngokomlinganiselo wembonakalo-mhlaba yeendawo zokuhlala,
iintlobo-ntlobo zeendawo zokuhlala zezityalo zibonakala ngeentlobo zemifuno, umzekelo: iiNtyantyambo ezikhula
kwiNtlabathi yaseKapa neNtshinyela yemithi ekhula kwiNtlabathi yoSinga-siqithi weKapa. Ngokweqondo elincinane,
kanye namabala ezikolo, iipaka zasekuhlaleni neendawo ezingasemva emakhaya ziindawo zokuhlala zezityalo
nezilwanyana ngokwazo.
Ixabiso nokubaluleka kweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zingangabonakali njengento eqhelekileyo okanye njengenempembelelo ngqo
kubomi bethu eKapa, kodwa iyayichaphazela yaye inempembelelo kwinkqubo yamanzi, amandla, ubomi noqoqosho
lwethu, nto leyo exhasa unikezelo ngamanzi acocekileyo, umgangatho womhlaba, unikezelo ngemithombo yamandla
neminye imithombo.
Umhlaba wethu sabelana ngawo kunye ne4 700
Yeentsholongwane
5 000
Iintsholongwane ezincinane
40 000
Yobulembu
1 170 000
Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo
47 000
Yomngundo
2 200
Protochordates
17 000
Yobulembu bomthi
21 700
Iintlanzi
16 000
YeBryophytes
5 100
Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni
nasemanzini
13 000
Pteridophytes
5 700
Izirhubuluzi
750
Gymnosperms
4 700
Iintaka
250 000
Angiosperms
4 600
Izilwanyana ezanyisayo
Uluhlu oluthathwe kwi- Biodiversity – The living link – Let us preserve it, UNESCO and Punjab State Council for Science and Technology
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zisiseko zeplanethi esempilweni (nokuphila
kwabantu). Ngoku kukholelwa ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ezohlukeneyo ezichumileyo
zomelele yaye zingcono kakhulu yaye zibuya zihlume kucinezelo ebezibekwe kulo
olufana nembalela okanye indawo ezithathwa nezonakaliswa ngabantu kuneendawo
zokuhlala ezingenazintlobo zininzi zezinto eziphilayo. Ubuninzi beentlobo zezinto
eziphilayo kunika iindlela ezininzi zeenkqubo zokuphila neendawo zokuhlala, ezifana
nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwezakha-mzimba; ukuba enye indlela yonakalisiwe okanye
itshabalalisiwe, kukho ezinye iindlela ezivumela ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ziqhubeke
nokusebenza ngokomgangatho oqhelekileyo. Iintlobo-ntlobo ezincitshisiweyo zibeka
iindawo zokuhlala ezisebenzayo emngciphekweni.
Iiintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zixabiseke kakhulu:
• Izityalo nezilwanyana zethu zendalo zicoca amanzi ethu nomoya, zithintela
ukhukhuliseko lomhlaba yaye zibamba umhlaba ube ndawonye. Ezi nkonzo zisebenza
ngobuchule obumangalisayo yaye zinikezelwa simahla.
• Izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zibonelela ngomthombo wemfuzo osinika
ukutya namachiza. Imfuza yendalo iphucula izilimo ngokubonelela ngokomelela
namandla okulwa nezifo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngaphezulu, zizityalo ezingaphezu
kwama-21 000 kwihlabathi jikelele ezichazwe njengezisebenza njengamachiza.
• Oku kubonakalisa ixabiso lokugcina izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ukuze
zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini kwixesha elizayo kuya
kubakho ichiza lesifo esingumbulalazwe, kuya kufunyanwa isityalo okanye uhlobo
oluthile lwezityalo ezikwimiyezo kwiizityalo zethu.
• EKapa, nakwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ke phofu, imeko-bume engqongileyo
ekwimeko entle ixhasa imveliso yezokhenketho, ibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala
ngokusempilweni kuninzi lwethu. Impiliso ikwabonelelwa ngokulinywa
kweentyantyambo ezifana neprotiya, izityalo zamachiza ezifana ne-bhutshu,
nokuveliswa kwamanzi acocekileyo emithombo.
• Imeko-bume yethu esingqongileyo yendalo isibonelela ngendawo yokufundela
abantwana bethu ngamava nokwazi ngendalo, amabala avulekileyo okuzonwabisa,
ubuhle nokuzola.
• Zixabisekile kuzo nakuthi – njengaye nabani okanye ubomi bunexabiso. Kwimeko
apho uhlobo lwezityalo okanye isilwanyana lungafumanekiyo naphi na kwihlabathi,
sinoxanduva oluthile – xa sele kutshabalale olo hlobo lwesityalo okanye lwesilwanyana
iba sisiphelo sembali iyonke yalo mfuza.
Iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziyinzalelwane yalapha
ngokuchasene nezo zizezamanye amazwe
Igama elithi iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana lilodwa nje alohluli phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana
ezifumaneka kwiKapa ngokwendalo nezo zifike apha ngokwesiphumo seentshukumo zabantu
nangokwemisebenzi. Izityalo nezilwanyana ezikhula ngokwendalo – ezo ziyinzalelwane yaseKapa – zibizwa
ngokuba yinkulelane yalapha. Izityalo nezilwanyana eziziswe ngabantu ngenjongo okanye ngempazamo
zezohlukileyo zamanye amazwe. Iintlobo ezingezizo zalapha ezikhula ngamandla nezitshintsha iintlobo eziyinzalelwane
yalapha zibizwa ngokuba ziintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha nezonakalisayo.
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INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Isizathu senkxalabo?
Umbutho owaziwa ngokuba yi-California Academy of Sciences, noqhuba
iZiko leMithombo ejongene neeNtlobo-ntlobo zeZityalo neZilwanyana,
uthekelela ukuba iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 000 zezinto eziphila
emhlabeni ziyatshabalala rhoqo ngonyaka, yaye iqondo lokutshabalala kwazo
liyanda. Oyena nobangela wokutshabalala kweentlobo zezinto eziphila
emhlabeni kukonakaliswa ngabantu kweendawo zazo zokuhlala zendalo,
kuqukwa nongcoliseko lomoya, ungcoliseko lwamanzi, ukonakaliswa
kweendawo zokuhlala nokutshintsha kwemozulu ibe shushu kwihlabathi –
iimpawu ezininzi zichaziwe kumacandelo angaphambili ale ncwadi.
Enye yeengozi ezinkulu yeentlob zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo
kukonakaliswa ngabantu okanye ukutshintshwa kweendawo zazo
ezihlala kuzo zendalo. Njengoko sisebenzisa amanzi amaninzi sonakalisa
imilambo, nto leyo etshintsha nenkqubo yokusebenza kwazo ngokwendalo.
Ukusetyenziswa okongeziweyo kokutya njengoko abantu besanda kudinga
imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo ukuba yenziwe kulo mxokelelwano wendalo.
Ukwanda okuya ngaphandle kweedolophu (ukunaba kweedolophu)
kukwatshintsha ngokufanayo iindawo zokuhlala zendalo. Njengoko abantu
bethutha kwiindawo zendalo zakudala akususwa izityalo kuphela, kodwa
balandelwa ziikati, iimpuku nezinye izilwanyana ezinukuneza nezibulala
izilwanyana ezincinane neentaka kulo ndawo. EKapa, imililo yamadlelo
engaphaya kokuba yeyesiqhelo ebangwa yimisebenzi yabantu ikonakalisa
izityalo nezilwanyana zethu zendalo. (Into enika umdla, ngamanye amaxesha
izityalo nezilwanyana zichatshazelwa kukubaleka imililo yasehlotyeni
– njengoko abasemagunyeni benoloyiko lokutshisa ehlotyeni nangona
ilelona xesha lonyaka lokutshisa umphelo iintlobo ezithile zeentyantyambo
kulungiselelwa eziza kuntshula).
Sisonke sinxulumene kuthungelwano lobomi ngomoya esiwuphefumlayo,
amanzi esiwaselayo nokutya esikutyayo. Ukuba sitshabalalisa ezinye
iinxalenye zothungelwano lwethu, siza kutshabalalisa awethu amathuba
okuphila.
Ngokophando lweeNtlobo ezohlukeneyo zeZityalo neZilwanyana olwenziwa e-Australian, iPhepha
elinguNomb. 1, ’Ukuphila kwabantu (nokwezinye izinto eziphilayo) kuxhomekeke ikakhulu koko kubizwa
ziinzululwazi njengabavelisi bokuqala, izityalo ubukhulu becala. Ziintlobo zezityalo ezingamawaka amahlanu
ezisetyenziswa njengokutya ngabantu, kodwa ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini kungoku nje zondla uninzi
lwabantu nezilwanyana zehlabathi ngeli xesha iziintlobo ezintathu kwezine zezityalo ezinekhabhohayidrethi
ezityiwa njengokutya okungundoqo kuninzi lwabantu. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo yenguqu kwiintlobo zezityalo
nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kukulondolozwa komthombo wemfuza yezityalo zasendle nezifumaneka ukongeza
isiseko esisengozini sokutshabalala sezi zidlo zikhoyo, ibonelela ngokomelela kwizifo, ukuvelisa okuphuculweyo
nokumelana neemeko-bume ezingqongileyo ezohlukeneyo.’
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ngokulumkileyo
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
EZOHLUKENEYO KWISIXEKO SETHU
Umhlaba wohlulwe ngokwemimandla yezihluma/zeentyantyambo emithandathu. Imimandla yezihluma ziindawo
apho izityalo (amaqela ezityalo) ohlukileyo kulawo afumaneka kwezinye iindawo elizweni. Ikona ekumzantsi-ntshona
eMzantsi Afrika likhaya loMmandla weZihluma kwiKapa, owona mmandla mncinane weentyantyambo kuleyo
mithandathu yehlabathi. Asikuba lo mmandla ungowona mncinane kuleyo mithandathu yeentyantyambo kwihlabathi
kuphela, kodwa ukwangowona mmandla unomthamo omkhulu owohlukeneyo weentlobo zezityalo. Ummandla
weeNtyantyambo eKapa unamalunga nama-9 000 eentlobo ezohlukeneyo zezityalo neentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana
ezohlukeneyo.
IKapa lifumaneka kumbindi woMmandla weeNtyantyambo zeKapa, nto leyo eyenza iKapa ibe ngummandla
obalulekileyo kwihlabathi, nelaziwa ngokuba ’kusemsini’ wommandla weyantlukwano phakathi kwezityalo
nezilwanyana zehlabathi.
Phofu ke, iKapa laziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengeyona ndawo isemsini enezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo
kwihlabathi ngokungenakulinganiswa. Iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana ezifumaneka eKapa zifumaneka
apha kuphela yaye azikho kwezinye iindawo kumhlaba uphela. Ezi ntlobo zibizwa ngokuba ziintlobo ezisoloko zikho
endaweni ethile kuphela. IKapa likwabalasela ngokuthandabuzekayo ngokuba yenye yeendawo ezineentlekele
ezinkulu emhlabeni – ezo ndawo zisemngciphekweni wokuphulukana nenxalenye evisayo yeentlobo ezohlukeneyo
zezityalo nezilwanyana zazo. Le ke yingxaki enkulu kwiintlobo ezohlukeneyo ezisoloko zikho kule ndawo kuphela
nezijongene nokubhanga.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
IKapa likwayeyona ndawo ityebileyo kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo yaye lingqongwe yimeko-bume yeelwandle
eyodwa neyohlukeneyo, nexhasa izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ezohlukeneyo ezihlala elwandle ezifana ne-Abalone,
iMinemga ethile noKrebe oMkhulu oMhlophe.
Ulwazi oluyinyaniso ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zengingqi:
Iintlobo ezisoloko zikho kwindawo ethile: zifumaneka kuphela
kwindawo ethile echaziweyo, umzekelo: kuMmandla
weNqila yeKapa.
Uluhlu loVimba weentlobo ezisengozini: uluhlu lwesizwe, olusekelwe
kwinkqubo eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi, lweentlobo zezityalo
nezilwanyana ezisengozini yokubhanga.
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UMzantsi Afrika unenani lesibini ngokuphakama lezityalo ezibhangayo kwihlabathi
Umyinge wama-70% oMmandla weeNtyantyambo eKapa kwiintlobo zezityalo
ezingama-9 600 azifumaneki kwezinye iindawo emhlabeni. Malunga nomyinge
wama-20% kwezi ntlobo zezityalo zidweliswe kuVimba wezo ziseNgozini.
Ikapa ngokwalo lilikhaya leentlobo zezityalo eziyinzalelwane yeli ezingaphezu
kwama-3 000, izityalo ezifumaneka apha kuphela ezili-190 nezingaphezu
kwama-318 zezi zicingelwa njengezisengozini yaye ezili-13 zibhangile.
Imimandla ephantsi yeKapa ixhasa iintlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-1 466
kumgama oyi-1 874 km² nalapho ama-76 eentlobo zezityalo izezo zifumaneka apha
kuphela ze ama-203 ibe zezo zicingeleka njengezisengozini.
Imimandla ephantsi yeKapa ineyona mithamo iphezulu yezityalo ezisengozini
kwindawo nganye enezihluma ezisaseleyo ehlabathini.
ULuhlu lweeNtaba ezikuSinga-siqithi weKapa zixhasa iintlobo zezityalo ezingama-2
285 kumgama oyi-471 km² nalapho ama-158 izezo zifumaneka apha kuphela.
Ama-83 eentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zisekho eKapa, eziyi-24 zikuLudwe
lwezo ziSengozini, ezintathu zibhangile.
Ngama-361 eentlobo zeentaka ezihlala eKapa – eziyi-22 zisengozini, ezine
zidweliswe kuVimba wezo ziseNgozini ze ubuncinane iintlobo ezintathu zibhangile
kule minyaka isandula ukuphela.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo eKapa, malunga neentlobo
ezili-111 zazo zifumaneka apha kuLuhlu lweeNtaba ezikuSinga-siqithi weKapa
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
kuphela.
Kukho iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinokuphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ezili-27 eKapa nalapho iintlobo ezine kwezi
zidweliswe njengeentlobo ezikuVimba wezo ziseNgozini.
Iintlobo ezingama-57 zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, nalapho iintlobo ezintlanu kwezi zisengozini ngeli xesha
ezintathu kwezi zibhangile kule ngingqi, nezifumaneka eKapa.
Iintlobo ezingama-24 zeentlanzi zixhomekeke kumachweba asekapa.
Kukho iintlobo ezili-18 ezohlukeneyo zezityalo ezikhula emhlabeni kwisizwengokubanzi nezifumaneka eKapa.
Iintlobo ezili-14 kwezi zisengozini ngenxa yeenguqu ezenziwa kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala.
IKapa liqulethe iintsalela zezona ntlobo zezityalo zisengozini kwisizwe Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos, Swartland
Shale Renosterveld and Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld.
Izityalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwimiyezo yehlabathi zivela eKapa nakummandla weeNtyantyambo zeKapa
ngokubanzi. Ezi zityalo ziquka geraniums, gladioli, freesias, ixias, pincushions ne-gazanias; yaye iNtshona Koloni
lelona ziko elinemveliso yezihluma zezitswele ezohlukeneyo kwihlabathi.
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
UMgaqo-nkqubo oHlanganisiweyo olawula imeko-bume esiNgqongileyo
kwiNqila neSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana eZohlukileyo
UMgaqo-siseko wethu uchaza ukuba bonke abemi boMzantsi Afrika banelungelo lokuphila kwimeko-bume
esingqongileyo esempilweni nekhuselekileyo kwizizukulwana ezikhoyo nezizayo ekutshatyalalisweni kwendawo
esihlala kuyo. Ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemeko-bume esingqongileyo lunyanzelo oluhleli lukho lorhulumente
wamakhaya. Ngo-Okthoba ka-2001 iSixeko saseKapa samkela uMgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala oHlanganisiweyo olawula
imeko-bume esiNgqongileyo weNqila. Esinye sezicwangciso-qhinga eziphambili kwezo zintandathu kulo Mgaqonkqubo siSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana nendawo eziphila kuzo ejoliswe ukukhusela,
ukulungisa nokuxhasa imeko-bume yethu yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo ekhethekileyo yeKapa.
Iyantlukwano kwizityalo nezilwanyana neendawo ezihlala kuzo ayikhange ibekelwe so libukhali kwimicimbi yeSixeko
kumasebe amaninzi aso nakumacandelo emisebenzi. Iindlela zokujongana neyantlukwano kwizityalo nezilwanyana
ibisoloko ilawulwa yiyantlukwano, kukho oogunyaziwe abaninzi abajongene nokhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana
ezohlukeneyo kummandla owaziwa kungoku nje ngokuba siSixeko saseKapa nto leyo ekhokelele kuququzelelo
nokumanywa okungafanelekanga kweenzame neendlela zokusebenza. Amaziko ambalwa abhengezwayo asebena
ngokusekelwe kwiziza ezithile, kunokuba kusetyenzwe ngobuchule besicwangciso solondolozo.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990 kwenziwa umsebenzi obalulekileyo ukuchonga imimandla ephambili yolondolozo
lwendalo, kodwa inkqubela yalityaziswa ngenxa yoxinzelelo nokungxamiseka kwemfuneko yokugcina inani elivisayo
lezityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha kwiSixeko. Kwakucaca kananjalo ukuba akukho sicwangciso
sifanelekileyo nesisebenzayo sokumiselwa yaye akukho mbutho unoxanduva lokumisela esi sicwangciso.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ukumiselwa kwePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba yeTafile (eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yiPaka yeSizwe ekuSinga-siqithi
weKapa) ngo-1998 kwasikhulula iSixeko kuxanduva lwaso lokulawula imisebenzi yolondolozo kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ngo-1997 iprojekthi ejongene noLondolozo lweZiza zeNtyantyambo kwiKapa, eyenzelwa iSixeko nguMbutho
ojongene neZityalo kuMzantsi Afrika yafumanisa iZiza ezingama-37 zoLondolozo lweeNtyantyambo eziBaluleke
kakhulu kwindawo ekuphila kuyo izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo eKapa. Ngenxa yale ntsilelo iSicwangciso
esijongene nendawo ehlala izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo sinika ithuba elihle kakhulu kwiSixeko lokuba sijongana
ngokutsha neendawo ezinezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo yaye zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo zilondolozwa
njengemithombo yethu ebalulekileyo yendalo.
Iinjongo eziphambili ezisixhenxe zokwenza iSicwangciso-qhinga sendawo
ehlala iZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukileyo:
1. Indawo enezityalo nezilwanyana eziphambili
Oku kuquka ukumiselwa kwesixokelelwano semimandla yolondolozo lwendalo elawulwa
ngokufanelekileyo. Kusetyenziswa injongo yokulondoloza izixhobo zocwangciso, kwachongwa
iintsalela zezityalo ezithile, ezithi ndawonye nemimandla ekhoyo yolondolozo lwendalo
neziza zeeNtyantyambo zeSixeko, zigcine isampuli yezityalo ezimele izityalo nezilwanyana
ezohlukeneyo zeKapa xa zilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Indawo enezityalo nezilwanyana ezilandelayo ngokubaluleka
Kwimeko yedolophu, iindawo ezivulekileyo neminye imisebenzi ephambili isengadlala indima
ephambili yolondolozo lwendalo. La mabala aquka imilambo, iindawo eziyinxalenye yolawulo
lwamanzi esitshi, iindlela zamabala, iipaka, imiqukumbelo yeendlela, iindlela ezigciniweyo
nezothutho. Ulondolozo luza kwenziwa kwimizila ethile yeendlela, iindlela ezizidibanisi
nemimandla esetyenziselwa iinjongo ezixubeneyo.
3. Ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukenyo ezihlala emanzini
ahlaziyekileyo
Xa siqwalasela ukubaluleka kwemithombo yethu yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo – imilambo, iindawo
ezimanzi kunye neendawo ezinemigxobhozo – nebonelela ‘ngemizila eluhlaza’ phakathi
kweentaba neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni, kuza kwenziwa ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo
nolusebenzayo kwezo ndawo. Oku kuza kuzama ukukhusela nokuxhasa ixabiso lentlalo,
lezilwanyana nezityalo nendawo eziphila kuzo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zemithombo yamanzi
ahlaziyekileyo yaye, xa kuyimfuneko, zithintele ukwenziwa ngakumbi ibe yimijelokazi kwalo
mithombo.
4. Ulawulo lwezityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo
Izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo ziyingozi emandla kwizityalo nezilwanyana
ezohlukenyo eKapa. Le njongo iza kujonga uphuhliso nokumiselwa kweNkqubo yoLawulo lweZityalo ezoNakalisayo
ezingeyoNzalelwane yalapha yeSixeko saseKapa. Okuphambili koku bubuhlakani namanye amaphulo nemibutho,
ngokukodwa iNkqubo ejongene nokuSebenzela aManzi. Le nkqubo iza kuphucula idale amathuba ezoqoqosho
kwiindawo zentlalo zabahlelekileyo. Njengogunyaziwe wengingqi, iSixeko saseKapa siza kumisela umzekelo
ngokususa neengcambu izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha – ukuze abanini-mhlaba abazimeleyo bawulandele.
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5. Umthetho nonyanzeliso-mthetho olujongene nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo
Kuza kuxhaswa indlela yokusebenza ’engafuni nkathazo’ neza kukhuthazwa kusetyenziswa umthetho,
unyanzeli-mthetho lwala maxesha kunye norhulumente ozinikeleyo.
6. Ulwazi ngezilwanyana nezityalo ezohlukenyeo nenkqubo yokukhangela
Inkqubo eqhubekayo yolwazi nokukhangela iza kuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezifanelekileyo nolawulo
ngokuphathelele kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
7. Imfundo nolwazi ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo
Ezi zicwangciso-qhinga sithembele ekubeni kuthengwe ze kufunyanwe ubunini bezityalo nezilwanyana ngabantu
baseKapa kunye nokwabelana ngoxanduva phakathi korhulumente wamakhaya nabahlali abanolwazi ngemeko-bume
esingqongileyo baseKapa ngokuphathelele kwimicimbi yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ukuze kwabelwane
ngokufanelekileyo, kulawulwe yaye sibe noxanduva ngentsebenziswano lwemithombo yezityalo nezilwanyana
ezohlukenyo ezikhethekileyo zeSixeko.
Iindlela zokoyisa izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha
Iintlobo zezityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo zibeka ingxaki emandla kwizityalo nezilwanyana
zaseKapa. Izityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha zikhuphisana nezityalo zalapha ngendawo
yokuhlala, yaye kwimeko yezityalo, oku kongeza amathuba emililo yaye kunempembelelo engathandekiyo
kwimithombo yamanzi (umgangatho nobuninzi). Ngokorhulumente waseMelika, izityalo nezilwanyana
ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha zitshabalalise ngempumelelo umyinge okwisine ekhulwini we-GDP kwihlabathi.
Oku kuphidwe kabini nesiqingatha kwi-GDP yase-Afrika idityanisiwe. Emva kokonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala
ngabantu, izityalo nezilwanyana ezonakalisayo zingunobangela wesibini omkhulu wokubhanga kwezityalo
nezilwanyana ezithile kwihlabathi.
Izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo zitshabalalisa amandla okuvelisa omhlaba. Uhlobo lwezityalo
eziziintyantyambo zaseKapa zinamandla amancinane okuxhathisa kunezityalo ezonakalisayo ezineziqu ezikhulu yaye
zisebenzisa amanzi amancinane. Izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ezonakalisayo zinamandla okuvutha angaphezu
kwezalapha nto leyo ekhokelela kwimililo engacimekiyo etshabalalisa amathambeka eentaba zeSixeko sethu
ngokuphindelela okoyikisayo. Izityalo ezonakalisayo zinamandla okuvutha ngobushushu bamatyeli ali-10 kunezityalo
eziyinzalelwane yalapha, zitshabalalisa imbewu yeentyantyambo egcinwe emhlabeni, okanye ezilungiselelwe
ukumelana nemililo engatshisi kangako. Ezazo iingcambu ziyamelana nomlilo, nangona kunjalo, kangangokuba
izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha zidla ngokuntshula zomelele ngaphezu kwangaphambili kumhlaba osandula
ukutsha.
ISixeko sizama ukufikelela kwikamva leSixeko elingenazityalo nazilwanyana zonakalisayo. Ngokwenza njalo, siza
kusebenzisana namanye amaphulo nemibutho, efana neNkqubo ephumelele ibhaso engokuSebenzela aManzi,
nekhokelwa liSebe leMicimbi yaManzi naMahlathi, ngokunjalo neNkqubo ejongene nokuSuswa kweZityalo
ezingeyoNzalelwane yalapha kwiPaka ekwiNtaba yeTafile.
INkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi yasekwa ngo-1995 ngeenzame zokoyisa ingxaki yezityalo ezonakalisayo
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ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha nentswela-ngqesho. Le nkqubo igxile kuphuhliso lwentlalo – ngokukodwa ukudala
amathuba emisebenzi, nalapho umyinge wama-60% ubekelwe bucala amakhosikazi, ama-20% ulutsha ze
2% ibekelwe abantu abakhubazekileyo – kodwa kukwenziwa uphando, kuphuhliswa imfundo namaphulo
olwazi, kusaziswa amanyathelo angqingqwa olawulo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, kumazibuko nakwezinye
izikhululo zemida yaye kuyilwa nesicwangciso esibambekayo sezomthetho. Sele
kubhengezwe imiqathango emitsha phantsi kweSebe loLondolozo lwezoLimo
loMthetho ojongene neMithombo yezoLimo ukuthibaza ukugaleleka ngamanani
aphezulu kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha.
Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukufundisa abantu ngemfuneko yokumisa ukwanda
kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha. Ngephulo iSantam/
Cape Argus Ukuvuka Operation Firestop elibanjwe eKapa ukususela ngo2000 – 2005 ( ‘lo ngudoqo’ weNkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi), nalapho
kwasuswa izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha ukususela kumyinge wama-78%
omhlaba karhulumente kummandla ongqonge iNtaba yeTafile. Ngumyinge
okuma-21% kuphela womhlaba wabucala kulo mmandla owasuselwa izityalo
ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha.
Inkqubo engokuSebenzela aManzi inenombolo yayo yasimahla (0800-005-376)
ukucebisa amanini mhlaba nabanye abantu abaxhalabileyo ngezinto abangazenza.
Sisenzo esingekho mthethweni ukungcolisa ngokulahla, kuqukwa nokulahla izijungqe zemidiza ukwisithuthi.
Umthetho kamasipala olawula oku uza kumisela ngokukhawuleza izohlwayo ezingqongqo kwabo benza oko, ngeli
xesha lowo unetyala eya kuba noxanduva lokuhlawulela umonakalo owenziwe ngumlilo kwipropati ekunokwenzeka
oko kuyo.
Ukumiselwa kwesicwangciso-qhinga
Onke amaphulo akhoyo eSixeko aza kudityaniswa yaye uhlanganiso olukhulu
lweenjongo zezitylo nezilwanyana yaye ziza kwaziswa kumasebe onke eSixeko.
ISixeko siza kusebenzisana namaphulo abalulekileyo olondolozo lwengingqi,
iSicwangciso seNtshukumo yaBanti nokuSingqongileyo eKapa, ngokunjalo
nokuqinisekisa uthungelwano lwezicwangciso-qhinga nePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba
yeTafile, namaphulo eCapeNature olondolozo lweNdalo.
ISixeko asinakho ukuziphumeza iinjongo zeSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene
neZityalo neZilwanyana ezohluneyo sisodwa. Owona mgaqo uphambili ulawulo esi
sicwangciso-qhinga usebenza ngobuhlakani nemibutho eliqela nabantu abazimeleyo.
Ubuhlakani obuphambili besi sicwangciso-qhinga buquka:
•
•
•
•
ukuphuhliswa kobunkokeli bolondolozo lommandla ngokukodwa kwiindawo
zentlalo ezazifudula zihlelelekile
ukukhula kokubandakanyeka koluntu kulondolozo lwedolophu kusetyenziswa
amanyathelo okusebenza ngqo kunokugxininisa kwimibutho nakwiintlanganiso
uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kuluntu oluhlelelekileyo ngokwandiswa kobuchule
bezoqoqosho kwimithombo yethu yendalo
ukwakha inkxaso nokukwabelana ngoxanduva.
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Ulondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats
Ulondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats yintsebenziswano eyodwa phakathi kweSixeko saseKapa,
iZiko leSizwe elijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana ezoHlukeneyo kuMzantsi Afrika, iNgxowa-mali yeNtaba
yeTafile (WWF-SA) kunye noMbutho wobuNzululwazi ngeZityalo woMzantsi Afrika, omanyene Nombutho
weNtshukumo yoLuntu lweKapa nokuSingqongileyo (C.A.P.E). Injongo yale projekthi kukuziqhelisa
ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemimandla yolondolozo lwendalo ngendlela enenzuzo
kwiindawo zentlalo ezingqongileyo, ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho ingeniso iphantsi yaye neemeko zentlalo
zingaphucukanga.
Le projekthi yaphuhliswa ngokomxholo woMgaqo-nkqubo oHlanganisiweyo olawula imeko-bume esiNgqongileyo
kwiNqila yeSixeko saseKapa neSicwangciso-qhinga esijongene neZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Iziza zolingo
ezikhethiweyo yayizezi: iPaka yeeNdawo eziManzi i-Edith Stephens, ummandla woLondolozo lweNdalo eWolfgat,
ummandla weeNgquzu noLondolozo lweNdalo eMacassar nase-Harmony Flats. Oku kuyinxalenye yeSixokelelwano
lweZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukeneyo seSixeko, nesibandakanya iintlobo ezibalulekileyo nezohlukeneyo zezityalo
yaye sifumaneka sinxuse ezinye zezona ndawo zihlelekileyo zaseKapa, nalapho inzuzo yezemfundo, yokuzonwabisa
neyezoqoqosho iziswa ngeprojekthi enokuvakala ngokukuko. Umbutho woLondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape
Flats waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-2002, usakha yaye uxhasa amaphulo akhoyo kwisiza ngasinye.
Umbutho woLondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats uxhase iinkqubo ekwaphuhliswa kuzo amaphulo
okusingqongileyo engingqi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abanempembelelo emandla kumaphulo okusingqongileyo
engingqi kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo loluntu lwengingqi. Kwanyuswa ingxowa kulungiselelwa ukuqesha
nokuqeqesha abalondolozo abatsha bendalo abaza kwenza umsebenzi wolawulo lolondolozo kwiindawo ezinezityalo
zolingo. Umbutho woLondolozo lweNdalo awuloziko ngokunokwawo, kodwa yiprojekthi encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi.
ISixeko sihleli sinoxanduva solawulo lwemihla ngemihla lweziza yaye iqela lolondolozo lwendalo liphethwe ngabalawuli
bemisebenzi kwiSixeko.
Kwamiselwa iindlela ezintsha zolawulo lolondolozo lwendalo – ngentsebenziswano emandla phakathi kweqela
lolondolozo noluntu. Kwagxilwa ingakumbi kuthatho-nxaxheba loLuntu ngokusebenza, kunokusebenzisa imibutho
yenkxaso, ngokunjalo neentshukumo ezincinane ezikhokelela kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Umzekelo, umnqweno
wokufumana ulutsha lwengingqi lizibandakanye ekugadeni iintaka kwisiza ezinye kwajongwana nako ekuqaleni
ngokusindleka imiboniso yezikhalo zeentaka njengenxalenye yenkqubo yeeholide zezikolo. Amalungu olutsha amabini
azimasa le projekthi abonisa umdla kungoku nje aqeqeshwa njengamagosa agada iintaka. Umbuzo owenziwa yititshala
yengingqi ngolwazi lokusingqongileyo wakhokelela kuphuhliso loqeqesho olwenziwa rhoqo ngekota kummandla
woLondolozo lweNdalo eCape Flats, intsebenziswano phakathi kwale projekthi neNkqubo ejongene neMfundo
ngokuSingqongileyo yeZikolo ebandakanya abafundi abavela kummandla we-Cape Flats abali-100 behamba uhambo
olude oluya kummandla we-Wolfgat, umyezo wezityalo neentyantyambo ePhilippi ukuya kwiPaka yeNdawo eManzi
i-Edith Stephens. Apha endleleni bafunda ngemeko-bume yendalo nezinto ezisingqongileyo ezenziweyo zeSixeko sabo,
ngaxeshanye bephuhlisa izakhono zobunkokeli nezokusebenza ngokwamaqela.
Umceli-mngeni wombutho wolondolozo lweNdalo kummandla we-Cape Flats kukuguqula iintshukumo ezincinane
zibe ziinkqubo eziqhubekayo ezisebenza ngokuzimela. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yeeNgquzu eMacassar umceli-mngeni
kukuguqula le nkqubo ibe ‘yeyeentsuku ezikhuselekileyo’, nalapho amakhulu-khulu abafundi betyelela ezi ngquzu
ukuya kwenza imisetyenzana yabo yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo, ‘kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo’, nalapho kukhuselekile
kumaqela amancinane ukuba ahambe engakhokelwa, ze ekugqibeleni ziguqulelwe ‘kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo
yezoqoqosho nelinye ixabiso’ nezitsala umdla wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha ukuba batyelele le ndawo.
Ithathwe: Biodiversity for the People: Intsebenziswano yoluntu ekhokelela kwimisebenzi yolondolozo lwendalo kummandla we-Cape
Flats, Goldman, T, Mzwandile, L,P no-Hendricks, L.
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Imiyezo yolondolozo lwendalo eKapa
ISixeko saseKapa sinoluhlu olubukekayo lwemiyezo yolondolozo lwendalo neendawo zolondolozo ezilungiselelwe
ukuba abahlali neendwendwe zizonwabise kuzo. Kukho uluhlu olugcweleyo, nolwazi oluphathelele kwezi ndawo,
nolunokufumaneka ekupheleni kwesi sahluko kwicandelo elijongene neMithombo noludwe lwaMaxwebhu
ekufuyenwe kuwo ulwazi.
IXoxo elibuNgwe (Leopard Toad)
laseNtshona – Isilwanyana
soLondolozo esiseziDolophini
Ixoxo elibuNgwe laseNtshona lisele elinomdlandla
kodwa elisengozini yokubhanga. Eli xoxo lifumaneka
kuphela kwimimandla enonxweme ukusuka eKapa
ukuya eGulhas. Lizalela emanzini – kwezi ntsuku oku kwenzeka
kwimihlaba yoluntu okanye yabucala apho kukho iziza ezimbalwa
ezijikelezwe zizakhiwo zasezidolophini. Ngoko ke, intsebenziswano
nabahlali abanegadi anokufumaneka kuzo la maxoxo xa engazali
ibalulekile ukuze aqhubeke ephila. Enye ingozi yawo ziimoto yaye
amaxoxo amaninzi afa ewela indlela ebusika. La maxoxo akhuselwe
ngumthetho yaye akuvumelekanga ukuba uwaqokelele okanye uwase
kwenye indawo.
Xa ufuna ulwazi oluthe xhaxhe ngala maxoxo naxa ufuna ukuwaqonda,
yiya ku-www.leopard.co.za
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Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
EZOHLUKENEYO NEKHAYA LAKHO OKANYE INGINGQI OHLALA KUYO
ISixeko asinako ukuphumeza iinjongo zeSicwangciso-qhinga saso seZityalo neZilwanyana ezohlukeneyo sisodwa.
Umgaqo obalulekileyo oxhasa esi sicwangciso-qhinga usebenzisana nemibutho eliqela nabantu abohlukeneyo.
Ukuba sekhaya kweli lifa linomtsalane lezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kuthetha ukuba thina bemi baseKapa
sinoxanduva olukhulu lokukhathalela le ndalo ililifa lethu. Indalo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ezifumaneka
eKapa zisengozini emandla yaye ukuba asizilawuli sizilondoloze ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lweentlobo zezityalo
nezilwanyana zethu neendawo ezihlala kuzo esinazo okwangoku ziza kutshabalala umphelo. Ngokwengxoxo
sisisizukulwana sokugqibela esinethuba lokusindisa uninzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana zethu. Ukuba asithathi manyathelo
kwangoku, izizukulwana ezizayo azisayi kubona okanye zingcamle kwizinto esinazo ngoku.
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Ezinye zezona ngozi zinkulu kwizityalo nezilwanyana zethu ezohlukeneyo
eKapa ziquka:
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•
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Ukunaba nokuphuhliswa kwedolophu
Ukwanda kwenani labantu
Ukunaba kweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezonakalisayo
nezingeyonzalelwane yalapha
Ubuxelegu, ukulahla izinto nongcoliseko
Imililo yamadlelo etshisa rhoqo, ebangwa ngabantu
Ukhuseleko olugqithisileyo kwimililo kwezinye iindawo
Uvavanyo: Ingaba uzikhathalele kangakanani
izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo?
Ewe
Hayi
Ingaba usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba umdiza ovuthayo awulahlwa ngefestile yenqwelomafutha yakho?
Ingaba usoloko uya kulahla amaqhekeza akho amatye okanye inkunkuma yasegadini
kwindawo yokulahla emiselwe oko akuyishiyi edlelweni?
Ingaba usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba i-oyile okanye ezinye iimveliso zemichiza zilahlwa
kwiindawo zokulahla ezimiselwe oko azilahlwa kumabala avulekileyo okanye kwimingxuma
yamanzi?
Ingaba unazo izityalo ezohlukeneyo eziyinzalelwane yalapha kwigadi yakho kunye/okanye
kwingingqi yakho?
Ingaba unazo iintaka eziyinzalelwane yalapha ezityelela igadi yakho rhoqo?
Ingaba unawo amacilikishe,amasele okanye izinambuzane eziyinzalelwane yalapha ezifana
nomntan’ezulu okanye amavingivane/amanundu kwigadi yakho kunye/okanye kwingingqi
yakho?
Ingaba ulususe lonke ukhula olonakalisayo olungeyonzalelwane yalapha, ngokubalulekileyo
iRooikrans, Port Jackson, Kikuyu, Fountain Grass, Lantana ne-Chromolaena, kwigadi yakho?
Ingaba ikati yakho inekhola okanye intsimbi yokulumkisa ngalo ndlela ikhusela izilwanyana
ezincinane eziyinzalelwane yalapha?
Ingaba uyakuthintela ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi okanye iyeza
lokubulala izityalo ezinezikhondo ezitshabalalisayo kwigadi yakho?
Ingaba uyawaxhasa amaphulo engingqi yakho okulondoloza iindawo zendalo okanye
’nityale uhlaza’ kumabala enu engingqi?
Ukuba uphendule ngo-ewe kwimibuzo emithathu okanye ngaphezulu usendleleni eya ekubeni ‘negadi/indawo
esemva kwendlu yakho’ yezityalo nezilwanyana esempilweni! Ukuba uphendule ngo-hayi, uninzi lweengcebiso
ezikwisahluko esithi Amanyathelo aSebenzayo zingakunceda uqalise ukuhlala ngokusempilweni.
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Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
AMANYATHELO ASEBENZAYO
Umhlaba ubungayindawo enesithukuthezi kwi-Homo sapiens (abantu) ngaphandle kwelizwi lentaka, ukubona
kweentyantyambo ezidubuleyo unyaka ngamnye, ithemba lokubona icilikishe elityeni, ukwazi nje ukuba iindlovu
neengonyama zisazibhadulela ngokukhululekileyo. Zininzi iindlela esinokuba negalelo ngazo ekusindiseni
nasekukhuseleni izityalo nezilwanyana ezizodwa nezikhethekileyo esinazo eKapa. Nazi ezinye iindlela eninokuthi na
njengabantu nanjengekhaya nikhusele yaye nilondoloze ngazo izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo:
Ukulima igadi yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha
Nokuba uhlala kwisizana esincinane, ukulima igadi kungaluncedo ukuzinzisa umhlaba, ukuthintela uthuli nentlabathi
ephephethekela kwindlu yakho, ukwenza umthunzi ukupholisa indlu KUNYE nokubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala
izilwanyana nezityalo – ukwenza indawo ekuhlala kuyo izityalo nezilwanyana nokuxhasa izityalo nezilwanyana
ezohlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba iigadi zethu eKapa zigcwaliswe zizityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha. Ezi zityalo
zikhule nezilwanyana zengingqi kwixesha elide kubomi obunobunzima nekuyimfuneko ukuba sizixhase kunokuba
sizonakalise ukuze sigcine iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo kwesi sixokelelwano sobomi. Ngaphezulu, izityalo
zengingqi zikhule eKapa kwiimeko ezinobunzima, ezinentlabathi ngalo ndlela ke zidinga ukunkcenkceshelwa
kancinane – nto leyo ecutha umthamo wamanzi ekuyimfuneko ukuba uwagcine ukuze igadi yakho ibe ntle.
Ukuba uhlala kufuphi nePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba yeTafile, kummandla wolondolozo lwendalo okanye kwisiza
esineentyantyambo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuba ulime izityalo zengingqi, izityalo eziyinzalelwane yoMmandla
weNqila yeKapa. Izityalo ezivela kude, ezifana nase-Hermanus, zingantshula neentlobo zasendle ezifana nazo
ukwenza ibhastile nto leyo ejongela phantsi iinzame zolondolozo.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Iingingqi ezohlukeneyo eKapa zineemeko ezohlukeneyo zokukhula kwezityalo, kuqukwa
nobuninzi bemvula ngexesha elithile, ukuvela kwiindawo ezinomoya nohlobo lomhlaba, ngoko
ke uhlobo oluthile lwesityalo alunakulungela wonke ubani. Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngeentlobo
ezifanelekileyo zezityalo onokuzityala kwindawo yakho, khangela iwebhusayithi kule dilesi:
www.sanbi.org ze ukhethe icandelo elithi ’plantZAfrica’. Apha uza kufumana ulwazi ngokulima
ngohlobo lwasendle noluhli lwezityalo ezinkcenkcesheleka lula. Qaphela ukuba oluluhlu luquka
iintlobo zezityalo ezivela ngaphandle koMmandla weNqila yeKapa. Ngaphezulu, ummandla
womyezo ofikelelekayo eKirstenbosch uvelise incwadana ebizwa ngokuba ’Greening South
African Schools’ efundisa ngendlela yokwenza igadi enezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha, yaye
iyafumaneka kwiNcwadi yeeNcwadi eKirstenbosch.
Eminye imizekelo yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha onokuzijonga xa ulimayo kwigadi yakho
ekummandla we-Cape Flats garden ziquka ezi:
Imithi
Camphor Bush (Tarchonanthus camphoratus)
Milkwood (Sideroxylon inerme)
Wild Olive (Olea europaea subsp. africana)
Izityalo ezinesikhondo/
utyani olwambesa umhlaba
Arctotis (Arctotis stoechadifolia)
Amatyholwana
Arum Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
Bietou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera)
Carpet Geranium (Geranium incanum)
Blombos (Metalasia muricata)
Dekriet (Chondropetalum tectorum)
Blue Felicia (Felicia aethiopica)
Glastee (Cliffortia ferruginea)
Blue Salvia (Salvia chameleagnea)
Pig’s Ear (Cotyledon orbiculata)
Brown Salvia (Salvia africana-lutea)
Sea Lavender (Limonium perigrinum)
Cape May (Coleonema album)
Sour Fig (Carpobrotus edulis)
Dune Crowberry (Rhus crenata)
Dune Taaibos (Rhus laevigata)
Geelblombos (Athanasia dentata)
Wild Aster (Felicia filifolia)
Wild Dagga (Leonotis leonurus)
Wild Malva (Pelargonium cucullatum)
Wild Scabious (Scabiosa incisa)
Wild Rosemary (Eriocephalus africanus)
Yiba nenkathalo emandla ukuba ungaze ulime naluphi na uhlobo lwezityalo ezonakalisayo
ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha kwigadi yakho. Iintlobo zezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
yalapha ezifana ne-Rooikrans ne-Fountain Grass ziyingozi emandla kwizityalo nezilwanyana yaye zikwandisa
namathuba engozi yemililo yasendle. Ngoku kusemthethweni phantsi koMthetho woLondolozo lweMithombo
yezoLimo ukulima izityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha. Zininzi iintlobo zezityalo eziyinzalelwane
yalapha nezingonakalisiyo ezinokulinywa endaweni yezityalo ezonakalisayo kwigadi yakho. Eminye imizekelo yezityalo
ekungafanelekanga ukuba zithengiswe nekufuneka zisuswe ngokubonakalayo kwigadi yakho ziquka:
Imithi
Crack Willow (Salix fragilis)
Manatoka (Myoporum tenuifolium)
Orange Cestrum (Cestrum aurantiacum)
Pines (e.g. Cluster Pine, Pinus pinaster)
Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum)
Wattles (e.g. Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha)
Amatyholwana
American Bramble (Ruibhasi cuneifolius)
Hakeas (e.g. Sweet Hakea, Hakea drupacea)
Oleander (Nerium oleander)
Spanish Broom (Spartinum junceum)
Tickberry (Lantana camera)
Triffid Weed (Chromolaena odorata)
Izityalo ezinesikhondo
Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana)
Ifoto: Nick Helme
Patterson’s Curse (Echium vulgare)
Izityalo ezikhula emanzini
Red Water Fern (Azolla filiculoides)
Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes)
Ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweentlobo zezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha, nceda ukhangele kule
dilesi yewebhusayithi: www.invasive.species.sanbi.org okanye uqhagamshelane ne-ofisi kandlunku yeNkqubo
engokuSebenzela aManzi kwiSizwe eKapa kule nombolo: (021) 441 2700.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ukugcina ubumelwane bakho ngokwendalo
Onke amabala avulekileyo kwiSixeko sethu, ingengawo nje kuphela amabala ophuculo abucala, kufuneka alinywe
izityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha. Khuthaza ukugcina amabala avulekileyo oluntu ekwimeko yendalo, umzekelo
ngokulima imiqukumbelo enengca ngamatyholwana nezityalo ezinezikhondo eziyinzalelwane yalapha. Kananjalo
kufuneka sizibandakanye ekukhuthazeni izikolo ukuba ziziqalele ezazo iigadi ezinezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha
kumabala emidlalo nakwimiphetho yamabala azo. Amashishini engingqi anganomdla wokuxhasa ngemali
iiprojekthi ezinjalo.
Abalimi Bezekhaya: Ukutyala uhlaza kummandla we-Cape Flats
Abalimi, uMbutho ongaxhaswa nguRhulumente osekwe kwingingqi
nojongene nophuhliso lokusingqongileyo, uxhasa ukusekwa
kombutho osisigxina ojongene nokusingqongileyo kwiilokishi
ezikummandla we-Cape Flats kusetyenziswa iiNkqubo zawo zoLimo
kwiiDolophu nezingokutyalwa koHlaza kummandla we-Cape Flats. INkqubo
engokutyalwa koHlaza kummandla we-Cape Flats ugxile ekuboneleleni
ngemihombo nokunika inkxaso imibutho esakhasayo etyala uhlaza nelondoloza
izityalo zalapha ngombono wokuvuselela imeko-bume esingqongileyo yezityalo
eziyinzalelwane yalapha kwiilokishi zeli. Ukukhuthazwa kwenkcubeko yolwazi
ngokusingqongileyo, imisebenzi eyenza inzuzo nokudalwa kwamathuba engqesho amiselekileyo kunye neempawu
eziphambili ezimiliselwe kwiprojekthi nganye ukuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka ngokuzinzileyo koluntu. Ngolwazi
oluthe vetshe qhagamshelana Nombutho obizwa ngokuba: Abalimi kule nombolo yomnxeba: ( 021) 447 1256.
Sisebenzela iSixeko esingenamichiza
Imichiza isoloko inetyhefu (izibulala-zitshabalalisi, izibulala zinambuzane, iparafini nedizili) yaye zonakalisa ngokudla
(i-asidi yebhetri yemoto, izicoci zemisele nezezitovu okanye ibhlitshi). Ezi zinto kunzima ukuba isixokelelwano sendalo
sizophule yaye zingonakalisa isixokelelwano sendalo ezidibana nazo – ukutyhefa izilwanyana ezingalungiselelwanga
oko, ukutyhefa isixokelelwano samanzi nezityalo.
Kuphephe ukusebenzisa imichiza eyonakalisayo kwigadi yakho. Khangela eminye echazwe phantsi kwesihloko esithi
‘uLawulo lweZitshabalalisi’ ekupheleni kwesahluko esingeNkunkuma kule ncwadi. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula
ukuba igadi yezityalo eziyinzalelwane yalapha iza kudinga izibulala-zitshabalalisi ezingeninzanga njengoko zikhule
ngokuzazi izilwanyana nezinambuzane zengingqi yaye zisebenza ngokwesixokelelwane esinye nezi zinto.
Xa uthenga, qiniseka ukuba uthenga iimveliso ezingenamichiza iyingozi. Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kuyeka ukudala
ingxaki kwasekuqaleni! Yifunde ngocoselelo imiqondiso yeemveliso ukuze wazi ukuba kukho ntoni na kwimveliso
leyo yaye ukhethe eyona ingeyongozi kakhulu. Icandelo leNkunkuma kule ncwadi libonelela ngamathuba anika umdla
ongawasebenzisa endaweni yokucoca ngendlela yakudala nezinye iimveliso neengcebiso eziluncedo ukukubonisa
ukuba ungasebenzisa ziphi iimveliso/imichiza.
Ngalo lonke ixesha yisa imichiza, i-oli esetyenzisiweyo nezinye izinto ezingeyondalo kwiziko ekulahlwa kulo
iNkunkuma ePhathekayo leSixeko okanye kwelinye iziko eliqokelela izinto ezingasetyenziswayo elimiselekileyo
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
(i-oli esetyenzisiweyo ingasiwa kuyo nayiphi na igaraji/isikhululo senkonzo yezithuthi nalapho iza kuqokelelwa ze
irisayiklishwe ngabe-Rose Foundation – jonga icandelo leNkunkuma). Ezi zinto mazingalahlwa kwimingxuma yamanzi
amdaka okanye esitalatweni. Nayiphi na imichiza elahlwe kumngxuma wamanzi amdaka nakumsele wamanzi esitshi
ziphelela empilweni yethu, kumachweba nakwiilwandle, zibulala yaye zitshabalalise izityalo nezilwanyana.
Gcina ubumelwane bakho bucocekile yaye kungekho
ngozi kokusingqongileyo
Inkunkuma yasegadini, yasendlini neyezakhiwo kufuneka isiwe kwiziko lengingqi
ekulahlwa kulo iNkunkuma ePahthekayo (jonga icandelo leNkunkuma). Ukulahla
inkunkuma enjalo emadlelweni yenye yeendlela ezininzi ekonakaliswa ngayo
imimandla yethu yendalo. Amaqhekeza amatye okwakha angacumza izityalo zendalo.
Inkunkuma yasegadini inento eyonakalisayo yezityalo, efana nengca iKikuyu, nethi
itshabalalisa idlelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba singashiyi, okanye nilahle, iiglasi
ezophukileyo edlelweni. Oku kungenza ukuba ubushushu bugxile ndaweninye nto
leyo ekhokelela kwimililo.
Ukulahla inkunkuma edlelweni, okanye nakuyiphi na indawo evulekileyo
lulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba uthe wabona nabani na elahla inkunkuma, nceda
uqhagamshelane namaPolisa eNqila kule nombolo: (021) 596 1999 ukuxela
eso senzo.
Naliphi na iphepha, iplastiki okanye inkunkuma elahlwe esitalatweni, emhlabeni
okanye naphi na apho kungeyondawo yokulahla inkunkuma ibizwa ngokuba
’kukungcolisa’. Yonke inkunkuma ephelela kwimimandla yendalo, ngokukodwa
iplastiki, iyingozi kakhulu kwizilwanyana. Iindawo ezininzi zokutywina zihlala
ziseplastikini zijijele iintamo zezilwanyana, nto leyo esika izikhumba zazo
zizibulale. Isixeko sinikezela ngenkonzo yokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma kuzo zonke
iindlu. Yisebenzise le nkonzo ukuthutha nayiphi na inkunkuma ongenakho
ukuyisebenzisa kwakhona/ukuyirisayiklisha!
Ungaqhubi isithuthi sakho okanye itraki ngaselunxwemeni (qaphela ukuba iMiqathango elawula ukuSetyenziswa
kweZithuthi ngaPhandle kwendlela iyakuthintela oku ngaphandle kokuba ukhululiwe okanye unemvume eyodwa),
okanye kwimimandla yendalo. Ukuba unesithuthuthu ibhayisikili emavili mane, yikhwele kuphela kwiindawo
ezimiselwe oko ngokufanelekileyo nezibekelwe bucala ukwenza oku.
Zibandakanye kwimisebenzi yokusingqongileyo yengingqi
Ukulawula ihlabathi lethu lendalo luxanduva lomntu wonke yaye umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwa ngokuzithandela
kungajongwanga nzuzo. Ngeli xesha oku kunganiki nzuzo yamali, kukho inzuzo enkulu kubantu abazibandakanya
namaqela okuzinikela kokusingqongileyo. Umsebenzi onjalo ukukhuthaza ukuba uphume wonwabele indalo yethu
elilifa yokusingqongileyo. Ngumsebenzi wentlalo owakha ubuntu. Lo msebenzi wokuzinikela ukhuthazwa ngakumbi
nguMongameli Mbeki.
IKapa linothungelwano olusebenzayo lwamaqela okusingqongileyo, imibutho namaqumrhu, afana neQela elijongene
neeNtaka eKapa, isebe le-Birdlife SA, nombutho wezolimo ezidolophini nokutyalwa kohlaza ezidolophini owaziwa
ngokuba yi-Abalimi Bezekhaya. Uninzi lwemimandla yolondolozo lwendalo yaseKapa inamaqela asebenzayo abahlobo
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
(umzekelo: Friends of Rietvlei) oncedisa ukulawula ummandla
wolondolozo lwendalo yaye wenze neqela lemisebenzi yokuzinikela
equka ukususwa kwezityalo ezonakalisayo ezingeyonzalelwane
yalapha, imfundo nolwazi, ukususwa kwenkunkuma nolondolozo
lwendawo. La maqela aphantsi kwe-WESSA – uMbutho
ojongene neZilwanyana zaSendle neZityalo kokuSingqongileyo
eMzantsi Afrika – owona mbutho mdala nomkhulu woMzantsi
Afrika ongaxhaswa ngurhulumente, ubulungu bawo busekelwe
kwimibutho yokusingqongileyo nombono wawo ikukuphakamisa
uthatho-nxaxheba loluntu ekukhathaleleni umhlaba. Umbutho
iWESSA ukwaxhasa yaye ukhuthaza ukumiselwa kwamaqumrhu
okusingqongileyo nolawulo lwemimandla esingqongileyo kwingingqi
kusetyenziswa amasebe awo.
IMibutho yeBahlobo eKhoyo kummandla weKapa
Afro Montane Information Forum
Friends of Bain’s Kloof
Friends of the Blaauwberg Conservation Area (BCA)
Boland Environment Forum
Bot River Estuary & Environs ’Botfriends’
Friends of Bracken Nature Reserve
Friends of Cecilia Forest
Friends of Constantia Valley Greenbelts
Durbanville Environment Forum
Friends of the Cape of Good Hope
Friends of Helderberg Nature Reserve
HOPE Group (Hillside-Highway Organisation For Protection of The
Environment)
Friends of the Liesbeek
Friends of Lion’s Head
Friends of Little Princess Vlei
Friends of Meadowridge Common
Montagu Eco Club
Montagu Nature Garden Association
Friends of Paarden Eiland
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Friends of Rietvlei
Friends of Rondebosch Common
Scarborough Conservation Group
Friends of Silvermine Nature Area
Friends of Simon’s Town Coastline
Simon’s Town Flora Conservation Group
Friends of the Glen
Friends of Tokai Forest
Friends of Tygerberg Hills
Friends of Wolfgat
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
Ulondolozo lwendalo luluntu
Ummandla wolondolozo lwendalo iHarmony Flats Nature Reserve sisiza esincinane esingaphantsi
kwee-akile ezili-10, nangona kunjalo, sihlala kwiindidi ezohlukeneyo zezityalo ezikhethekileyo ezifana
nezitswele, ezinye zinqabile kakhulu. Esi siza sikummandla we-Strand, yaye singqongwe ziindawo zentlalo
ezihlelekileyo ezingenandlela yakufikelela kwimithombo. Kusetyenziswa iprojekthi Cape Flats Nature
kwasekwa iqela elisebenzayo loluntu iHarmony Flats Nature Reserve ngo-2003. Eli qela lokuzinikela
liqhuba amaphulo okwazisa ngemililo kwizindlu ngezindlu namaphulo olwazi jikelele ngalo mmandla wolondolozo
lwendalo. Abahlali ngoku bangabacimi-mlilo abazinikeleyo. Iqela elisebenzayo lisuse izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane
yalapha, uthintelo lokhukhuliseko yaye laphuhlisa iindlela zokwenza lo mmandla ube ngokhuselekileyo yaye ulawulwe
ngokufanelekileyo ukuze abantwana badlale yaye bafunde nto kuwo. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo eli qela
likhokele inkqubo yezemfundo ngokusingqongileyo ngeVeki yokuTyalwa kweMithi, likhokela abafundi abangama-400
kulo mmandla wolondolozo, libazisa ngezityalo ezikhethekileyo yaye bechazelwa nangembali yonxulumano loluntu
nommandla wendalo obukekayo.
Kumathambeka eNtaba yeTafile, umbutho we-Friends of Tokai Forest wafumana inkxaso-mali yehlabathi evela
kwiNgxowa-mali ye-Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund ukuzama ukwenza uluntu luzibandakanye ekugcineni ii-akile
ezimbini zommandla weeNtyantyambo ezikumhlaba oyiNtlabathi kwiKapa eziseNgozini eMbi. Le ndawo ikhethiweyo
ikufuphi nentsalela ekhoyo yommandla weentyantyambo exhasa iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo iRed Data. Umbutho
wamahlathi eMTO wasusa icandelo lemithi etyaliweyo yompayina ngeli xesha umbutho wePaka yeSizwe ekwiNtaba
yeTafile yancedisa ngokutshisa ngaphambi kokususwa ngo-Epreli 2006 ukukhuthaza ukuntshula kwembewu
yeentyantyambo kweli thambeka. Abahlobo basuse idywabasi engeyonzalelwane yalapha kummandla otshisiweyo
(Acacia saligna ne-A. longifolia) yaye bakhangela ngocoselelo ukukhula ngokutsha kwezityalo ezizizihluma –
ezingaphezu kweentlobo ezili-100 okwangoku ezibhaliweyo. Iqela laBahlobo lifumene iziza kummandla omanzi
iSoetvlei ukugcina le ndawo ingenazo izityalo ezonakalisayo kunye nokuncedisa ezinye iiprojekthi kummandla
weZityalo ezilinyiweyo eTokai.
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ukuba akunakho ukuxhasa iqela labazinikeleyo ngokuthatha
inxaxheba ebonakalayo, cinga ngokuxhasa ngezinye iindlela,
ezifana nokunikela – nokuba kungemali okanye ’ukunikela ngesisa’
(izixhobo, imithi, njalo, njalo). Umzekelo, Abalimi Bezekhaya
baneProjekthi yeMithi kummandla weKapa nalapho abantu
benokubhalisa, njengabahlobo abafumana nabajikelezisa ulwazi
ngale projekthi, okanye njengabanikeli. Iminikelo ingenziwa lula
ngokuthunyelwa kwiwebhusayithi yalo mbutho.
Yonwabele imeko-bume ekungqongileyo
nako konke enako
Ndwendwela uxhase ummandla wengingqi wolondolozo lwendalo.
Imimandla yolondolozo lwendalo ikho ukuze konwatywe kuyo
ngabantu bonke yaye ziindawo ezintle ukuphumla kuzo uwedwa
okanye nilusapho. Iinkcukaha zoqhagamshelwano zayo yonke
imimandla yolondolozo lwendalo yeSixeko saseKapa iyafumaneka
kwicandelo lethu leMithombo neleZalathisi. IKapa lilodwa ngokuba
nepaka yesizwe esikwimida yalo (iNtaba yeTafile) yaye lizingca
ngommandla wezityalo neentyantyambo ezohlukeneyo owaziwa
kwihlabathi liphela eKirstenbosch.
Ifoto: Siyifumene ngoncedo lweSixeko saseKapa
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
IINKCUKACHA ZOQHAGAMSHELWANO
NEZIBONELELO EZIKHOYO
Abalimi Bezekhaya ’the planters’: Iprojekthi yasezidolophini yezolimo nokukhathalela indalo eluhlaza: ifowuni (021)
447 1256, imeyili: abalimi@iafrica.com, Web: www.abalimi.org.za
Botanical Society of South Africa: ifowuni (021) 797 2090
Inombolo yeeNkonzo zoThutho lweNkunkuma, eyoCoco neyokuLahlwa kweNKunkuma yeSixeko
saseKapa: 0860 103 089
Icandelo loLawulo lweZityalo neZilwanyana leSixeko : email: biodiversity@capetown.gov.za
Isebe leMicimbi yaManzi naMahlathi, iOfisi yoMmandla, ifowuni. (021) 950 7100
Eskom, Koeberg Nature Reserve: tel. (021) 550 4021, web www.eskom.co.za
Iofisi yolwazi yaseKirstenbosch National Botanical Garden: ifowuni (021) 799 8783
Ukuchaza izinto ezinxamnye nomthetho (ezibandakanya ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma) kuMapolisa eSixeko, fowunela
kwa-(021) 596 1999.
Table Mountain National Park: ifowuni. (021) 701 8692, imeyili: tablemoutain@sanparks.org, web: www.tmnp.co.za
Ukujoyina okanye ukuqala iqela la`Bahlobo’ qhagamshelana nomququzeleli we-WESSA National Friend, uMarion
Dunkeld-Mengell: ifowuni/ifeksi (012) 667 2183, iselifowuni 083 455 1736
Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa, Iofisi yoMmandla weNtshona Koloni: ifowuni (021) 701 1397,
imeyili: andy@wessa.wcape.school.za
Inombolo engahlawulelwayo ye-Working for Water : 0800 005 376
Amathala oLondolozo lweNdalo neMimandla yeNdalo
Ithala leNdalo laseAtlantis
Iiyure: 07:00 – 19:00
Amangeno: R100 nge-4X4 nganye ebandakanya abakhweli abane, abanye abantu yiR9.00 ipemethi, izithuthuthu
R60,00; R9.00 umntu ngamnye ukuhamba esantini nokunyuka intaba
Isithuthi: Iteksi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukunyuka intaba, ukuhamba esantini, imizila yee-4X4 neyezithuthuthu
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Uyifumana xa ucele phambi kokuba uze
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 577 5000; imeyili Tumeka.Mdlazi@capetown.gov.za
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ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
All Ifotos in this section:Courtesy City of Cape Town
Ummandla woLondolozo waseBlaauwberg, eBloubergstrand
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezityalo, iCape Flats Dune Strandveld, Swartland Shale
Renosterveld neCape Flats Sand Fynbos.
Iiyure: Ngaselwandle: kusasa de kutshone ilanga (zosi-7 iintsuku ngeveki); Indawo
yokoja nokwenza ipikniki yase-Eerstesteen: 08:00 – 19:00 (Nov – Apr), 08:00 –
17:00 (Meyi – Okt); Blaauwberg Hill: okwangoku ungena kuphela xa ubufake
isicelo kwangaphambili
Amangeno: Akakho ngaphandle kweEerstesteen Resort eyi-R6,00 umntu
ngamnye
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, iindawo zokoja, ukunyuka intaba, iindawo zokutyibiliza kumaza olwandle,
ukubukela iintaka, ukubukela iminenga, ukuloba (kufuneka imvume), izinto ezenziwa ngamaqela ‘Abahlobo’ qho
ngenyanga
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo ngoMmandla woloNdolozo waseBlaauwberg
(nceda ubhukishe)
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Qhagamshelana: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 554 0957, imeyili bca@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iBracken, eBrackenfell
Eli thala lendalo lixhasa izityalo iCape Flats Sand Fynbos neSwartland
Granite Renosterveld.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Iipikniki, ukubukela iintaka, iindawo
zokuhamba-hamba ngenyawo ekulula ukuba kuqhutywe nezitulo
zabakhubazekileyo kuzo
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo
ngokusiNgqongileyo laseBrackenfell
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Qhagamshelana: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 982 1323, Imeyili: Tshepo.Mamabola@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iDick Dent, kummandla waseSomerset West
Qhagamshelana: ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: HelderbergNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za
INCWADANA
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ngokulumkileyo
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ithala leNdalo iDurbanville, elimelene nebala lamahashe laseDurbanville
Izowuni yotshintsho yeSwartland Shale Renosterveld neCape Flats Sand Fynbos.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, iindlela zokuhamba-hamba, ukubukela iintaka, inqugwalana (gazebo)
elivulekileyo lokubambela iintlanganiso
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Izinto ezifundisayo zabantwana lisebenzisana ne”Cape for Kids” (nceda
ubhukishe)
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 970 3097, ifeksi (021) 979 0093
Imeyile: Vibeke.Kragh@capetown.gov.za
Ipaki yoMgxobhozo iEdith Stephens, ePhilippi
Lo mgxobhozo uxhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); nceda ubhukishe ngeempelaveki
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, imigxobhozo yamaxesha onyaka athile, ukusebenzela inesari
yemigxobhozo, igadi yezoLimo yaseziDolophini, igadi yamayeza.
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo lase-Edith Stephens
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 691 8070, ifeksi (021) 691 7375, imeyili: Luzann.Isaacs@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iGreater Zandvlei, eMarina da Gama
Eli chweba lomlambo lixhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentlanzi neentaka.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Uloliwe
Izinto ezikhoyo: isithintelo-maza, isigu seentaka, iindawo zepikniki, ukukhwela inqanawe, ukuhamba-hamba
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseZandvlei elikufuphi kwisitishi sikaloliwe
saseSteenbarg (bhukisha phambi kokuba uye ukuba ufuna ukuboniswa iirepthayili)
128
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 701 7542, i-imeyili Cassandra.Sheesby@capetown.gov.za
Markclive.Arendse@capetown.gov.za xa ufuna ukufundiswa ngendalo
Ithala leNdalo iHarmony Flats, kummandla waseSomerset West
Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148,
imeyili: HelderbergNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iHelderberg, eSomerset West
Eli thala lendalo lixhasa isityalo iKogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
neBoland Granite Fynbos nezityalo ezingeninzanga kakhulu zebontebok.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 17:30 (Meyi ukuya kuOktobha); 07:30 -19:00
(Novemba ukuya kuEpreli) Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki
Amangeno: R6,00 kwabadala; R4.00 kumaxhego
namaxhegwazana (eze nee-ID); R3,00 kubantwana ze ibe
yi-R5,00 kwizithuthi
Isithuthi: Iteksi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Indawo yepikniki, Duck Inn Restaurant, iziko lolwazi, ivenkile yezipho, ukuboniswa kwemyuziyam,
ukunyuka intaba; iikonsathi eziba sekutshoneni kwelanga, indawo yamayeza aziingcambu (ivula ngo-10:00 – 16:00)
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo iMike Woods (nceda ubhukishe ngkufowunela
kwa-(021) 852 8831)
Indawo yokulala: Sugarbird Campsite (xa ufuna ukulala apha, fowunela kwa-(021) 852 8831)
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni nefeksi (021) 851 2148, imeyili: HelderbergNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iKenilworth Racecourse
Iiyure: Wenza amalungiselelo xa ufuna ukutyelela
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukuhamba-hamba; ulawulo lwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 700 1843; imeyili: mayaS@goldcircle.co.za
INCWADANA
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ithala leNdalo iKogelberg, eGordon’s Bay
Eli thala lezilwanyana nezityalo lixhasa isityalo iKogelberg Sandstone Fynbos.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); iNdlela eTyhutyhayo iSteenbras Gorge ivula ngazo zosi-7 iintsuku ngeveki
Amangeno: R15,00 ukungena eSteenbras Gorge (abantu abali-50 ngosuku ubuninzi; iipemethi zifumaneka eSunbird
Lodge ekufuphi nale ndawo)
Isithuthi: Iteksi
Izinto ezikhoyo: ukunyuka intaba, ukuhla entabeni ngentambo, umdlalo wokuzijula eliweni ubanjwe ngentambo
(okwenziwa yinkampani yangaphandle)
Indawo yokulala: Ukukhempisha (ukubhukisha, fowunela kwa-(021) 856 1286)
Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 851 4975, ifeksi (021) 851 2148,
imeyili: HelderbergNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iLourens River, kummandla waseSomerset West
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148,
imeyili: HelderbergNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo leeNgquzu zeNtlabathi eMacassar, eKhayelitsha/Macassar
Ezi ngquzu zentlabathi ezingaselwandle zixhasa iCape Flats Dune Strandveld (Izityalo ezikhula kwiiNgquzu zeNtlabathi).
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukwenza ipikniki, ukuloba ngaselwandle, ukunyuka intaba nokudada
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iinkqubo zemfundo zangaphandle
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 371 5141, ifeksi (021) 374 1910, imeyili: Lewine.Walters@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo laseMamre
Iiyure: Wenza amalungiselelo xa ufuna ukutyelela
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Indawo yepikniki Ukuhamba-hamba
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 577 5000; imeyili: Charlene.Liedeman@capetown.gov.za
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YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ithala loMgxobhozo laseRietvlei, eTable View
Lo mgxobhozo unezityalo zeCape Flats Dune Strandveld ezixhasa
iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); 09:00 – 17:00
(ngeempelaveki)
Amangeno: R5 umntu ngamnye; R15 isithuthi ngasinye
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Isikhitshana sokuhamba emanzini, iindawo
zepikniki, iindawo zokuloba, iindawo zokoja, ukunyuka intaba, isigu seentaka
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo laseRietvlei
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 557 5509, imeyili: rietvlei.students@capetown.gov.za,
webhsayithi: www.friendsofrietvlei.co.za
IRondebosch Common
Iiyure: Azikho
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi, ibhasi okanye uloliwe
Izinto ezikhoyo: Iintyatyambo zasentwasahlobo, imizila yembali yepikniki, ukunkcunkca, ukukhwela ibhayisikile,
ukuhambisa inja
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 700 1843; imeyili: mayaS@goldcircle.co.za
Ithala leNdalo iRondevlei, eGrassy Park
Lo mgxobhozo uxhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka. Ulikhaya
kwiimvubu (iihippo) neentlobo ezizodwa ezimbini
zezityalo, iCape Flats Sand Fynbos neCape Flats Dune
Strandveld.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 17:00 (Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki)
Amangeno: Abadala R6,00; Abantwana
(abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-13) R3.00; amaxhego
namaxhegwazana R4.00; iimvume zokuloba zamihla le
kwabadala yi-R30.00 ze kubantwana ibe yi-R10.00
INCWADANA
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Iindawo zepikniki, izigu zeentaka, izakhiwo ezide zokubukela indalo, imyuziyam, iakhwariyam,
iindawo zokuloba, ukuhamba ngesikhitshana, iikhempu zokulala ebusuku, isakhiwo esinezibonelelo zenkomfa
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseRondevlei; Leonard Gill Field Museum
(nceda ubhukishe)
Indawo yokulala: Island Bush Camp elawula yi-Imvumbu Nature Tours
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 706 2404, ifeksi (021) 706 24045, Imvubu Nature Tours, ifowuni
(021) 706 0842; xa ufuna ukukhempisha ubusuku bonke kwiCape Town Environmental Education Trust,
fowunela kwa-(021) 706 8523
imeyili: RondevleiNatureReserve@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iSilwerboomkloof, eSomerset West
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 851 6982, ifeksi (021) 851 2148,
imeyili: HelderbergNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za.
I-Two Rivers Urban Park, edibanisa neRaapenberg Bird Sanctuary
Iiyure: Azikho
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi, uloliwe
Izinto ezikhoyo: Indawo yepikniki, ukubukela iintaka
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 700 1843; imeyili: mayaS@goldcircle.co.za
Ithala leNdalo iTygerberg, Bellville
Eli thala lendalo lixhasa izityalo zokugqibela ezisengozini yokutshatyalaliswa ezibizwa ngokuba
yiSwartland Shale Renosterveld.
Iiyure: 09:00 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); 09:00 – 18:00 (ngeempelaveki nangeeholide zikawonkewonke)
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukunyuka intaba, iindawo zepikniki, ukubukela iintaka, ukubukela indalo nje xa iyonke
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo laseKristo Pienaar linemidlalo efundisayo
yabantwana (nceda ubhukishe)
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 913 5695, ifeksi (021) 913 6268
132
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
Ithala leNdalo iUitkamp, kummandla waseDurbanville
Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 970 3097
IMigxobhozo yaseUitkamp
Iiyure: Azikho
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi, ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Imigxobhozo eneentyatyambo ezinika umdla, amasele neentaka
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: ifowuni (021) 970 3097
Ithala leNdalo iWolfgat, eMitchells Plain
Iingquzu zentlabathi ezixhasa isityalo iCape Flats Dune Strandveld.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 16:00 (ngeentsuku zeveki); ayivuli ngeempelaveki
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi okanye ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukwenza ipikniki, ukuloba ukuloba kwiindawo
ezilungiselwe oko ezingaselwandle (kufuneka imvume); iintaka zonxweme,
ukudada
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iinkqubo zemfundo ezibonelelwa
ngamaziko angaphandle
Indawo yokulala: Ayikho
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 371 5141, ifeksi (021) 374 1910, imeyili: Charline.McKie@capetown.gov.za
Ithala leNdalo iZeekoevlei, ePelican Park
Lo mgxobhozo uxhasa iintlobo-ntlobo zeentaka.
Iiyure: 07:30 – 19:30 (Ehlotyeni, Iintsuku ezisi-7
ngeveki); 07:30 – 18:00 (Ebusika, Iintsuku ezisi-7
ngeveki)
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukwenza ipikniki, ukuloba
Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo: Iziko leMfundo
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ngokulumkileyo
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IZITYALO NEZILWANYANA
ngokusiNgqongileyo laseZeekoevlei
Indawo yokulala: Bhukisha xa ukukhempisha ufowunele kwa-(021) 706 8523
Uqhagamshelwano: Ifowuni (021) 706 2404, Ifeksi (021) 706 2405,
imeyili: ZeekoevleiNature.Reserve@capetown.gov.za
IMigxobhozo yaseZoarvlei
Iiyure: Azikho
Amangeno: Akakho
Isithuthi: Iteksi, ibhasi
Izinto ezikhoyo: Ukuhamba-hamba, ukubukela iintaka
134
INCWADANA
YOKUPHILA
ngokulumkileyo
Ukufunda le ncwadi kuza kukunceda ukuba
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wonge imali ngokuthi ulawule ikhaya lakho ngendlela eyiyo.
Uphucule ukhuseleko ekhaya.
Ukuqonda imiba ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo esijongene nayo xa sisonke.
Ukuqonda imirhumo yeSixeko.
Ukwazi ukuba mawuye phi xa ufuna uncedo okanye iingcebiso ngeenkonzo
zeSixeko.
Ukuzama obunye ubuchwepheshe obufana nezishushubezi zamanzi
ezisebenza ngelanga.
Ukutyebisa ulwazi lwakho nokonwabela amathala endalo akwimimandla
yethu.
Ufunde ukulungisa into evuzayo, ukutshintsha iglowubhu yesibane,
ukufakela isilingi, ukujika inkunkuma yakho ibe ngumgquba kunye
nezinye izinto ezincinci eziya kukunceda ukuba uphile ngokukhuselekileyo,
ulondoloze okusingqongileyo kunye nemali yakho.

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