Rosa Bonheur - Meet the Masters

Transcription

ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 8 – 9 | ONLINE EDITION
Step 1 - Introducing the Rosa Bonheur
Slideshow Guide
MOTIVATION
BEGIN READING HERE
Can you imagine having to get written permission from the police in order to dress in the
kind of clothes you want to wear? Doesn’t that sound really strange? Let me tell you a
very interesting story about today’s master artist, where this actually happened.
In May of 1857 in Paris, France, a young artist applied for and received a police permit to
wear men’s clothing in public. Men’s clothing consisted of long pants, a shirt and vest, and
a jacket.
Click Start Lesson To Begin
1. POLICE AUTHORIZATION
This is a copy of the police permit, which had to be renewed every six months. The permit
was issued for health reasons and was countersigned by the artist’s doctor. Now, this
may all sound rather strange to you -- having to get permission from the police to get
dressed -- but in this case, the artist who wanted to dress in men’s clothing was a woman - Rosa Bonheur.
Rosa Bonheur was thirty-five years old at the time she was issued this permit to wear long
pants, but she had been wearing men’s clothing for several years already. She didn’t
dress this way to be different or to outrage others. She was an animal painter who studied
the anatomy and movement of cows and sheep at cattle fairs and slaughter and butcher
houses. These were places where men worked, and women were basically not allowed.
By wearing long pants and a short, cropped hairdo, Rosa Bonheur went almost unnoticed
in a man’s world. - Click Next To Change Slide
2. ENGRAVING OF THE ARTIST’S PARIS STUDIO
Although she could paint portraits, landscapes, or still life paintings, Rosa Bonheur chose
to paint animals, because she loved them. Her studio in Paris was filled with cages of
birds, stalls with horses, cows, goats, sheep, ducks, cats, dogs, and rabbits. Can you find
some of these animals in this drawing of her studio?
Rosa Bonheur’s love and study of animals allowed her to draw and paint them realistically,
with an ability to show the special characteristics of any kind of animal or bird. Would you
like to see her portrait? - Click Next To Change Slide
1 ROSA BONHEUR – Ages 8 – 9 | MeetTheMasters Online Edition
3. PORTRAIT OF ROSA BONHEUR BY AUGUSTE BONHEUR
Rosa’s brother, who was also an artist, painted this portrait of Rosa. Rosa had two
younger brothers and one sister. Their father, who was an artist, trained all four Bonheur
children as artists.
As a child, Rosa was allowed to explore and play in the garden and horse stables near her
parents’ house. She loved to draw, but she hated school. At this time in France, over 150
years ago, it was not considered proper for a woman to become a professional artist.
Women were not allowed to attend some of the best art schools. That is one reason why
Rosa was trained by her father.
Let’s look at one of her animal paintings. Which animal will you see? Your clue is “soft.”
Click Next To Change Slide
4. RABBITS NIBBLING CARROTS
This painting was the very first one Rosa exhibited in Paris. She was only nineteen years
old. Notice how she has captured the special qualities of the rabbits -- the soft, furry
texture, the nervous alertness. Doesn’t it seem as if the rabbit on the right-hand side is
about to wiggle his nose?
Where do you see dark colors? (BACKGROUND) That makes our eyes focus on the
lighter-colored rabbits. She has placed the two rabbits at the front of the picture. If we
divided this painting right down the middle, would the two sides balance each other?
(Demonstrate a vertical division.) (YES) There is SYMMETRY or balance in the
composition of this painting.
Even though this old painting has been badly scratched and damaged, does it look
REALISTIC? (YES) How did she paint the soft TEXTURE of the rabbits’ fur to make it
look REALISTIC? Let’s look closely and see the hundreds of very fine lines in different
colors that she painted for the fur. We can’t feel the TEXTURE of the fur with our hands,
because this is a painting, but we can feel it with our eyes.
In order to learn more about the animals she drew and painted, Rosa cut up animal parts
from the butcher’s shop and made detailed drawings of muscles, tendons and bones.
Rosa’s fascination with animals continued throughout her life. She loved to observe
animals in the countryside and at the livestock shows and fairs where animals were
bought and sold.
We are going to look at two paintings where she used her observations of animals, one in
the countryside and one at a horse fair.
5. PLOWING IN THE NIVERNAIS (nee-ver-nay)
This first painting is called Plowing in the Nivernais (for the city of Nevers in Burgundy).
The French government paid her a large sum of money to create a work, which would
show the beauty of the French countryside and the important work of the farmers.
What would you say is the main subject of this painting besides the land? (THE OXEN)
Are the farmers as important? (NO) Why not? (THEY ARE SMALLER. SHE WAS AN
ANIMAL PAINTER.) Although Rosa Bonheur often shows men or women in her
paintings, the animals are the most important part of her painting.
In what direction do your eyes move in this COMPOSITION? (HORIZONTALLY)
Where does texture catch your eye? (PLOWED DIRT) How does that textured area
contrast with other parts of the painting? (SMOOTH - HIDES OF OXEN, PLAIN SKY) The
rough and smooth elements create contrast.
Now let’s look at one of Rosa Bonheur’s most famous paintings.
6. THE HORSE FAIR
Have you ever been horseback riding? Horses were an important form of transportation
during Rosa’s lifetime, because there were no cars or buses yet. One way to purchase a
horse was to attend a horse fair where horses were paraded around and examined. Rosa
would visit these horse fairs with her sketchbook and drawing pencil and draw these
beautiful animals.
It took Rosa Bonheur one year and a half to complete this painting that she called The
Horse Fair. No animal painter had ever painted such a large picture of horses. It is over
eight feet high (indicate height over head) and over sixteen feet wide (demonstrate
approximate width). Would the size make the horses seem even more lifelike? (YES)
Are the horses standing still? (NO) They are moving all around. Do you see more straight
lines or curved lines? (CURVED) Curved lines help us feel the movement of the horses
and make it seem like we can hear the thundering of the horses’ hooves and feel the
ground rumble and shake.
Tell me what other details in the painting show movement? (HORSES REARING, LEGS
EXTENDED, STRAINING AT THE BIT, PULLING AWAY FROM HANDLERS; SOME
COME FORWARD)
What horse or horses caught your eye first? Did you notice the black and white horses in
the middle that are rearing up? Why did you notice them first? (POWERFUL LOOKING,
IN THE MIDDLE, OPPOSITE COLORS) Not only did Rosa make them strong and fast
looking to make you notice them, but she also painted them in opposite colors: black and
white. When an artist uses light and dark CONTRAST, we call that VALUE. It’s a way for
an artist to bring attention to certain parts of a painting.
Rosa spent months and sometimes years on each painting. She made many preparatory
sketches in pencil, chalk, watercolor, and oil.
7. STUDY FOR THE HORSE FAIR
This is a study for The Horse Fair. It is interesting to see that a major concern here was
the relationship of dark and light areas. Do you remember the art term we just learned
that means light and dark contrast in a work of art? (VALUE) See how she uses contrast
in value even in the study for The Horse Fair.
The Horse Fair was such a popular painting in France, that it was sent to England where
Queen Victoria viewed it at Buckingham Palace! Rosa Bonheur traveled with the painting
and got to meet the Queen!
By the time she was forty-two, Rosa Bonheur had become such a popular, successful
artist that she was able to buy a big, beautiful house with lots of land in the French
countryside. She needed all that space for her collection of animals such as dogs, ponies,
deer, elk, horses, sheep, gazelles, bulls, cows, monkeys, a yak, a boar, an eagle and even
a lion! There was one animal that was her favorite to paint. Which one do you think it
was?
8. KING OF THE DESERT
Yes, her favorite pet was a lion! Do you think this would be a good pet for you to have at
home? (NO) Why not?
She made her pet lion look like a fierce king living in the African desert, but he was
actually living in her home when she painted him. Let’s look at how she made her lion
look so REALISTIC in the painting. What color is the mane around his face? (YELLOW
OR ORANGE) From far away it may look like just one color of yellow or orange, but when
we look closely at the hair, we can see she used several other colors like white, brown,
red, black. Just like her earlier painting of the rabbits, she used a thin paintbrush to paint
hundreds of lines of color to make the hair look real. Do you think it took her a long time to
paint all those lines of color? (YES)
Rosa’s lion ate twenty pounds of meat every day. She actually had three lions over a
period of years, but they all became ill.
One day, when Rosa was upstairs in her country house, she heard a low growl on the
stairs. It was the lioness trying to reach Rosa for comfort. Rosa went down to meet her.
The lioness was dying. Rosa said that she held the great beast in her arms until it stopped
breathing. It made her very sad.
If you chose your favorite animal to pose with you in a portrait, what animal would it be?
Let’s see what animal Rosa chose.
9. PORTRAIT OF ROSA BONHEUR BY EDOUARD-LOUIS DUBUFE
Did you guess a bull?
When Rosa first saw the finished portrait by her artist friend, she didn’t like the fact that
she was leaning on a table. She thought it was boring. She repainted the work, putting in
her favorite baby bull instead! She had a very good sense of humor! Which prop do you
think would be more interesting, a table or a bull?
When this portrait sold, the artist gave half the money to Rosa for her addition.
She was at the height of her career when this was painted. She had won gold medals,
and her paintings sold for a great deal of money.
CONCLUSION
She once said, “To be loved by wild animals, you must love them. I do not need worldly
things. I care nothing for the fashionable. What can the world do for me? A portrait
painter has need of many things, but not I. I find all that I need is in my dogs, my horses,
my deer and my stags of the forest.”
In 1899, Rosa became ill and died of pneumonia at her country house in France. She had
made a reputation as a successful, talented woman artist, who painted her great love of
animals.
Click Next To Start Quiz
REVIEW GAME
We’re going to play a review game by using two of the animals Rosa loved to paint to play
the game. Practice by trying to look like these two animals:
RABBIT: Raise arms above head to look like rabbit ears.
BULL: Place fingers like horns on top of head, lower head.
The RABBIT SIGNAL means TRUE. The BULL SIGNAL means FALSE. Ready?!
REVIEW GAME ANSWERS (For Instructors Only)
QUESTIONS:
1. Rosa was born and lived in the United States.
2. She was trained to be an artist by her father.
3. Her favorite animal to paint was a pig.
4. She painted her animals realistically.
5. There were other artists in Rosa’s family.
6. Animals were more important than people in her paintings.
7. The Horse Fair painting is very small in size.
8. Curved lines help to show movement in painting.
9.An artist shows value by painting lots of fine lines.
10.Rosa’s paintings did not become popular until after she died.
ANSWERS:
FALSE - Bull
TRUE - Rabbit
FALSE - Bull
TRUE - Rabbit
TRUE - Rabbit
TRUE - Rabbit
FALSE - Bull
TRUE - Rabbit
FALSE - Bull
FALSE - Bull
You are excellent listeners! Have great fun working on your animal projects!
Click Next To Finish Lesson
to exit this unit click Back To Units
Step 2 - Learning From: Rosa Bonheur
Symmetrical Shapes
Rosa Bonheur studied animals carefully and painted them realistically.
An animal’s face is symmetrical. A symmetrical shape is the same on both sides.
You can tell by drawing a line down the middle.
Circle the letters in our artist’s name that are symmetrical.
Texture
Drawing a Dog’s Ear
Draw over the grey lines to make the face of the dog darker.
Now add ears to this dog. Will your dog have long, medium or short ears?
Save this page for your art project.
Save this page for your art project.
The last few pages of this section contain the Art Activity for Rosa Bonheur. This step-bystep outline will be a guide for instructing your child(ren) through the activity. The
parent/instructor should review all steps necessary to complete this project before
beginning any work.
Cut out the Artist Profile Slip below and attach it to the back of the completed art project.
Rosa Bonheur
(boe-NER) - French 1822 -1899
Rosa Bonheur’s love of animals is shown in her realistic paintings. Nature was her favorite
subject. We studied symmetry, texture, and value through her warm, inviting paintings.
ART ACTIVITY EMPHASIS: Realistic Drawing of Animals
MEDIA: Chalk
Rosa Bonheur
(boe-NER) - French 1822 -1899
Rosa Bonheur’s love of animals is shown in her realistic paintings. Nature was her favorite
subject. We studied symmetry, texture, and value through her warm, inviting paintings.
ART ACTIVITY EMPHASIS: Realistic Drawing of Animals
MEDIA: Chalk
Step 3 - Working With: Art Activity Instructions
ARTIST
Rosa Bonheur (boe-NER)
(1822-1899) French
MEDIA
Paper and chalk
ART ELEMENTS
Line, value and texture
VOCABULARY
Realistic, earth-tones, value, highlights,
shadow, texture, detail
TECHNIQUE
Realistic drawing with chalk
VISUALS
Print: The King of the Desert
EMPHASIS
Line drawing and textural
effects with chalk
SUGGESTED MUSIC (On CD-Rom)
Franz Joseph Haydn – 11th symphony No.
101 'The Clock'
MATERIALS FOR INSTRUCTOR AND CHILDREN
One 9” x 9” light, medium, or dark brown construction paper
(Students choose one from an assortment of shades of brown.)
Paper towel
Artist Profile Slip
Oil Pastels
Masking tape
Pencil
Completed Learning Packet with Page 3 Dog Line Drawing
PREPARATION
Place the Bonheur print in front of the room. Tape your brown (light shade for visibility) 9” x
9” demonstration paper to the board, in the front of the room. Have the Dog Line Drawing
taped next to brown paper for demonstration with oil pastels close by.
SET-UP [ 5 minutes ]
Distribute the following materials:
SUPPLIES [1] Oil pastels
PAPER [3] Paper towel, artist profile slip, and each student chooses one shade of
brown construction paper
ORIENTATION [ 5 minutes ]
What did Bonheur love to paint? (ANIMALS) Did she paint realistic or abstract animals?
(REALISTIC) Today you will be making an animal portrait, as Rosa Bonheur liked to do.
ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 8 – 9 | O NLINE EDITION
Bonheur was a master of studying the lines of animals right in her studio! The textures,
coloring, and detail in her work make the animals look real. Their fur looks so soft, we want to
reach out and pet them! Today you will make a portrait of a dog using line, colors, and
texture.
DEMONSTRATION AND ACTIVITY
Have the students repeat each step immediately with their materials:
ORGANIZE YOUR WORK AREA [3 minutes]
1. Place the 9” x 9” brown construction paper in the center of your desk. [Demonstrate]
2. Set your Dog Line Drawing (Page 3 of your Learning Packet) next to your paper.
3. Place the pencil and oil pastels to one corner of your desk.
4. Put the Learning Packet, paper towel, and artist profile slip to the other corner of your
desk.
DRAWING THE DOG [ 12 minutes ]
(Demonstrate as you explain and refer to the line drawing, pointing out that a face is
symmetrical, the same on both sides. Have students trace each line of the Dog Line Drawing
with their finger before duplicating on their paper.)
Brown
1. Fold the brown construction paper in half.
Paper
2. Place the fold of the brown paper on the center dotted
line of the Dog Line Drawing. Have the right-handed
students place the brown paper on the right side of
the line drawing (shown right). Reverse for left
handed students.
3. You will draw this half side of your dog’s face on the
1
brown construction paper. Have students trace line
drawing lines with their fingers first. Notice curves, position,
5, 6
direction, and length of lines.
4. Choose an oil pastel color that contrasts to the construction
paper. Example: peach oil pastel on dark brown paper;
brown oil pastel on light brown paper.
5. On the brown construction paper, draw this half side of the
dog’s face creating a mirror image of each line of the Dog
Line Drawing.
6. Using heavy pressure with the same color oil pastel, go over
each drawn line again.
8
7. Remove the line drawing and place in an upper
corner of your desk.
8. Open the construction paper and refold it with the
drawing inside.
9. Use the side of a pencil and rub with very firm
pressure for ten seconds on your desktop to
transfer the oil pastel lines to the blank side of the
construction paper.
ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 8 – 9 | O NLINE EDITION
10. Open the paper and go over the faint lines with the original oil pastel.
11. Refer to the ear drawings that you completed on Page 2 of the Learning Packet. Draw
ears on your dog.
PRACTICE CREATING TEXTURE WITH OIL PASTELS [7 minutes]
Demonstrate first, using the back of one of the Learning Pages or a scrap piece of paper.
Use the flat bottom, or side of a paper-peeled oil pastel, to experiment with an overall soft
texture. This technique will be used to create the undercoat of the dog’s fur. Let students
experiment with different textures to create the feel of fur with the soft use of oil pastels on
their sides. Try some fine, thin detail lines like whiskers and fur edges using the tip of the oil
pastel. Emphasize curved, quick lines.
CREATE TEXTURE WITH OIL PASTELS [20 minutes]
For the final composition, have the students think about the
colors in the dog’s fur coat. On the brown paper, working
from light to dark, begin adding color and texture to your dog.
The flat bottom or side of the oil pastel should be used to fill in
the first layer of color. Encourage the blending of soft strokes
of oil pastel and using the oil pastel in the direction of fur
growth. Like human hair, fur is many colors. Original drawn
lines should be covered with fur texture. Choose the eye and
nose color. Finally, black may be used for fine, detail lines
such as nose, mouth, whiskers, and eyes.
MOUNTING THE ARTIST PROFILE SLIP [2 minutes]
(Profile slips for each artist are provided. They give a brief description of the artist, the
technique, and the media used in the art activity. They should be mounted on the back of
each art project after it is completed.)
1. Write your name on the front of the artist profile slip.
2. Using glue, mount the profile slip on the back of your artwork.
3. Encourage students to discuss their artwork at home using this artist slip of information.
CONCLUSION
Rosa Bonheur would be so proud of your realistic dogs! Let’s all stand up and share your
artwork, holding your paper on your chest. Look around quietly. Do you see a dog you
would like to pet? A dog you could name “Spot”? An animal you would like to play with? A
furry friend you would like to own?
THIS CONCLUDES THE ROSA BONHEUR UNIT.

Rosa Bonheur - Meet the Masters

Transcription

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