Hoja Estudiantil Español 1: El Día de los Muertos

Transcription

Hoja Estudiantil Español 1: El Día de los Muertos
Nombre _______________ Apellido _________________ Hora ______
Anticipación:
¿Qué quiere decir <<Día de los Muertos>> en inglés?
¿Dónde se celebra el Día de los Muertos?
Primera actividad: ¿Qué es el Día de los Muertos?
Lee el siguiente párrafo del dos de noviembre de la prensa Minneapolis Star Tribune:
Day of Dead Observance Dates Back 3000 Years
Día de los Muertos is a pre-Columbian holiday that has been celebrated by the
indigenous people of Central America for at least 3000 years. In the belief that the
spirits of deceased loved ones return to Earth to mingle with their families, people create
altars decorated with flowers, candy, and their loved ones’ favorite food and drink. In
Mexico and many parts of the U.S. families decorate graves, and the cemetery becomes a
place of celebration.
Mesoamericans viewed death as a continuation of life. Instead of fearing death,
they embraced it. To them life was a dream, and only in death did they become truly
awake. Christian conquerors, unable to squash the holiday, moved it from August to
October, to coincide with All Souls’ Eve and All Saints Day. Many people now have
incorporated Christian themes into their observances, but the ancient icons remain.
¿Cómo se llaman los siguientes símbolos importantes del Día de los Muertos?
___________________
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Día de los Muertos Español 1
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Revisado por Sole 2013 y por Olivia 2014
Segunda actividad: El Video The Pilot Guide to Southern Mexico
Primer segmento (3 minutos)
Contesta las siguientes preguntas en inglés mientras ves el video sobre el Día de los Muertos en
Pátzcuaro, México:
How many hours does it take to get from Pátzcuaro to Mexico City?
“The Skinny Lady”, “Fancy One”, and “The Most Everlasting Love”
are colorful ways to describe which natural phenomenon?
When is Día de los Muertos celebrated in Pátzcuaro?
What are the most popular offerings that people buy for their deceased loved ones?
What is Ian’s theory on this?
The names of which people go on the foreheads of the sugar skulls?
El Video The Pilot Guide to Southern Mexico
Segundo segmento (3 minutos)
What’s the problem with the sugar skull gift that they give to Ian?
What are some general ideas about death in Mexico?
Where do the traditions come from for El Día de los Muertos?
At what hour do the spirits enter the cemetery?
Why do the spirits leave their graves in the first place?
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Tercera actividad: El altar y las ofrendas
Both at home and in cemeteries, families construct elaborate altars and prepare ofrendas
(offerings) to honor their ancestors. They adorn these altars with fragrant marigold blossoms,
candles, photos, favorite foods of the deceased, candy skulls, and other symbolic items. The
vibrant mix of colors, smells, flavors, and nostalgia are meant to guide the spirits back to earth
for a family reunion.
Fondo lingüístico:
Cognates are words in
Spanish that look and
sound like words in
English. Many of the
words below are
cognates. Let’s see if
you can pick them out!
1. esqueleto --
7. fruta --
13. dulces--
2. calavera--
8. chocolate--
14. tamales--
3. vela/candela--
9. flores--
4. pan de muerto--
10. banderas--
15. chocolate caliente-16. grupo mariachi --
5. fotografía--
11. copal-
6. papel picado--
12. refrescos--
17. _________________________
18. _________________________
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Ahora ve un dibujo animado y apunta en español por lo menos
SEIS objetos o símbolos que hay con respecto a El Día de los Muertos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCQnUuq-TEE (3 minutos)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cuarta actividad: Pan de muerto y chocolate caliente mexicano
Pan de muerto y chocolate caliente mexicano son muy importantes para celebrar el Día de los
Muertos. ¿Sabes sus ingredientes?
El Chocolate Caliente Mexicano
_____________________________
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¿SABÍAS QUE…..?
¿SABÍAS QUE…..?
¿SABÍAS QUE…..?
¿SABÍAS QUE…..?
 Celebrants believe that the souls of the deceased need nourishment to complete their
journey to and from their relatives.
 In the bakeries you can recognize el pan de muerto by their dough decorations – little birds,
crosses, spirits, or other designs are found on top. They’ll also have braided dough along
the edges.
 Indigenous people of the past considered chocolate a drink for important people and gods.
They used cocoa beans as a kind of money and drank chocolate on special occasions.
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Quinta actividad: José Guadalupe Posada
José Guadalupe Posada (1852–1913) was a Mexican cartoonist
and illustrator whose work has influenced many Latin American artists
due to its political and satirical (mocking and ridiculing) natures. Posada's best-known works are his
calacas such as the Calavera de la Catrina, or “The Skull of the Fancy Lady”. La Catrina was meant
to satirize the life of the upper classes during the reign of Mexican president Porfirio Díaz. Since his
death, however, his images have become associated with the Mexican holiday Día de los Muertos.
Mientras ves esta presentación de PPT, apunta o describe unas calacas graciosas en la
gráfica de abajo:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sexta actividad: Día de los Muertos en el Altiplano de Guatemala
En varios pueblos de Guatemala la gente maya celebra El Día de los Muertos en una manera
distinta….
EN EL CEMENTERIO SE VUELAN O SE ELEVAN _________________________.
“The people of San Juan construct huge round kites which they bring to the cemetery. By early
afternoon, high winds begin to blow around this mountain village. Soon the richly colored kites, made of
bamboo and tissue paper and adorned with flags, are soaring toward the clouds and the sun. All
afternoon, until the wind dies, the kite flyers leap among the gravestones rolling and unrolling their balls
of twine.
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Do the kites carry messages from the dead to the spirits in the sky? Is flying the kites a form of
sun worship, as practiced by the ancient Indigenous people of the Americas? No one really knows. Like
most customs having to do with the holiday of the dead, this one seems to be a blend of old folkways
and the Christian religion.” Del libro Piñata y Flores de Papel, página 63
Ahora ve un video de estos barriletes tan impresionantes y contesta las preguntas en
inglés:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Zxkk-rSSQ (0:00 ~ 3:00 minutos)
1. When do the Maya fly their kites? WHY do they fly their kites?
2. Finish this sentence: The kites join heaven and _______________, the living and the
______________, and the past with the _______________________.
3. What materials are used to create the images on the kites? And to create the frame?
4. Why do the groups work on their kites in secret?
5. Who makes up the kite groups?
6. Along with the beautiful artwork, the kites allow the groups to express their
__________________ and _______________________.
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Actividad opcional: Mini-prueba de El Día de los Muertos
Each item used during the celebration of El Día de los Muertos has its significance. With
respect to the spirits, which offerings or things would you use to…….
Illuminate the road to your home?
__________________________________
give a spiritual feeling to your altar?
__________________________________
represent the beauty of life and nature?
__________________________________
make the spirits more comfortable with the idea of death? ____________________________
quench their thirst?
__________________________________
fill their bellies?
(according to tradition the dead eat first and
we eat last )
__________________________________
create a festive atmosphere ?
__________________________________
show them your love and caring?
__________________________________
Day of the Dead gives tangible form to our feelings of
loyalty, affection, and longing for those who have
passed away. The holiday isn’t about ghosts and
goblins; it’s about the strength of family ties and
enduring love.
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¿Quisieras hacer tu propio altar?
Decide whom you want to honor, be they relatives, friends, or an inspirational
public figure. While it’s not traditional to make ofrendas for dead animals, many of us
love our pets as family members, so commemorate yours if you wish. There’s no limit
to the number of souls you can include on your altar.
Choose the location for your altar. The traditional place in the home is on a living
room table, but fireplace mantles, bookshelves, or windowsills are great too!
Next choose a photograph or portrait of the honoree. If you don’t have access
to an image, choose an object that somehow reflects the person’s physical
presence.
Think about your loved ones’ passions. What gave them pleasure? What made
them tick? Remember good times that you shared. Gather items that symbolize
these memories – like a ticket stub from a concert you attended together, a copy of
a favorite novel, or seeds if they liked to garden. Clothing and jewelry that the
person wore in life are also powerful repositories of memory.
Include something that speaks to the divine for you, either religious icons or
elements of nature. Grace your altar with lots of candles – there can never be too
many candles! 
Incense is customarily burned in a ceramic chalice on the floor in front of the altar
– the thick aroma of the smoke adds to the dead’s sensual experience.
Add flowers to the altar – marigolds are traditional, but use whatever your loved
one would have enjoyed in life.
Don’t forget the skeletons and skulls! These icons will help the returning souls feel
comfortable.
Include your loved ones favorite food and drink – you might also add a little dish
of salt, which is considered the spice of life.
Mexican altars are famous for their lavish, fearless use of color. Because El Día de
los Muertos is not a dreary event, decorate your altar with papel picado, streamers,
balloons, twinkling lights, or anything else that strikes you as festive and beautiful.
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Hoja Estudiantil Español 1: El Día de los Muertos

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