axali irani

mSvidobiT, gaero! gv. 14
TanamSromloba dialogis gareSe gv. 20
isev omis molodinSi gv. 40
qarTvelebi da afxazebi: ra iqneba mere gv. 42
xelisuflebis aqilevsis qusli gv. 47
saskolo reforma ferxdeba gv. 54
maestro - mikerZoebuli simarTle gv. 58
qarTuli farmaciis bneli mxare gv. 60
avcraT Tu movklaT? gv. 64
# 4 / 1 - 14 ivlisi / 2009
fasi 2.80 lari
gv.
24
axali
irani
radio `ucnobi~ warmogidgenT dilis gadacemas
`dila mSvidobisa~
nata asaTianTan da vaxo xviCiasTan erTad
yovel samuSao dRes, dilis 9:00 dan 11:00 saaTamde.
politikuri Temebi
mxiaruli saubrebi
saintereso mosazrebebi
SMS gamokiTxvebi
magari simRerebi
usmineT da miiReT gadacemaSi monawileoba
SMS nomeri: 9800
Skype ID: ucnobidila
www.ucnobifm.ge
sPaP rCevi
foto REUTERS / stringeri
24
04 werilebi
06 mokled
08 vrclad
12 ori azri
garekanze:
mir hosein musavis mxardamWeri,
Teirani 2009
Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema
fond `Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
20/ xelisuflebis
SeTavazebebi
opozicias
TanamSromloba
dialogis gareSe
34 mezoblebi
22/ Tvalsazrisi
martoxela ruseTi
37/ganmeorebiTi
arCevnebi
politikuri
deJa-vu
konstituciis
amerikuli modeli
aleqsandre (kaxa) lomaia
mixeil TavxeliZe v.s.
gia jandieri
24 fokusi
14 politika
arCevnebi iranSi
Teirani 2009 ahmadineJadis arCevnebi
gaero-s misiam
saqarTvelo
datova
mSvidobiT, gaero!
18/ gaero-s misiis
soxumis da galis
filialebi
daiketa
misiis dasasrulis
dasawyisi
30/politikuri
kandidatebi
vin aris ahmadineJadis
opozicia
32/axali media da
iranuli saprotesto
talRa
axali irani
Twitter-is revolucia
nato-s Canacvlebis
rusuli
gegma
38 konfliqtebi
axalgori
osebis proeqti
axalgorSi
40/konfliqtis zona
isev omis molodinSi
42/qarTul-afxazuri
Sexvedra
qarTvelebi da
afxazebi: ra iqneba
mere
1
45 adamianis
uflebebisamarTali
62/ dava `laRiZis
wylebis~ gamo
18 safexuriT qveviT
Tbilisis policiis
sammarTvelosTan
aqciis darbeva
15 ivnisi `TavSekavebuli
instruqciis
farglebSi~
64/ cxovelebis
uflebebi
avcraT Tu movklaT?
66/ SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis
mqone adamianebi
Tanasworobis garantia
erTi pirobiT
47/ Tvalsazrisi
xelisuflebis
aqilevsis qusli
68/ bavSvTa saxlebi
socialurad oboli
TinaTin xidaSeli
48 Jurnalisturi
gamoZieba
70/ garemo
Trusos xeoba sakuTar
simdidres emsxverpla
Jurnalisturi
gamoZieba
farmaciis bneli mxare
54 sazogadoeba
70
saskolo reforma
ratom ferxdeba
saskolo reforma
58/ media
mikerZoebuli
simarTle
60/ jandacva
dazRvevis gareSe
jandacva ar arsebobs
24
72/ Tvalsazrisi
bunebis Sedevrebis
auqcioni
gamomcemeli Sps `liberali~.
misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162,
faliaSvilis q. 108.
tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326.
el-fosta: info@liberali.ge
dabeWdilia: stamba Sps `sezani~.
misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz.
140. tel.: (995 32) 35 70 02.
sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~,
`cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~,
`biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi,
strategiebi~.
`liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi
daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli
masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani
gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia. ISSN 1987-7528
redaqcia
74/ kritika
sakontrolo gasrola
75/ wignebi
cinikuri sibrZne
14
76/ interviu
`ucodveli demokratiis~
dasasruli
interviu linkoln
mitCelTan
tiraJi: 5000 cali. gamodis or kviraSi erTxel. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2,80 lari.
redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori nino jafiaSvili
sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / politika da saerTaSoriso ambebi sofo Waava / saqarTvelo da konfliqtebi sofo bukia / adamianis uflebebi
da samarTali nino beqiSvili / kavkasia margarita axvlediani / axali ambebi naTia axalaSvili
redaqcia: art-redaqtori manana arabuli / foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe
/ redaqtor-stilisti nino svaniZe / koreqtori nino saiTiZe
administracia: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe
/ biznesis ganviTarebis menejeri giorgi kopaleiSvili / reklamis da gayidvebis menejeri nestan avaliani
/ IT menejeri Tornike lorTqifaniZe / ofisis administratori eTuna inwkirveli / distributori zviad Sengelia
2
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
... da erTi Wiqa Rvino
TbilRvinos klasikuri koleqciidan
daagemovneT araCveulebrivi Rvino
TbilRvinos klasikuri koleqciidan
da gaixangrZliveT urTierTobiT
miRebuli siamovneba.
werilebi
meTormeteklaselebi skolidan midian
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb statiaSi (#3, `meTormeteklaselebi skolidan midian~), vfiqrob, erTi sakiTxia xazgasasmeli: roca qarTuli literaturis
(an sxva sagnis) swavlebazea laparaki, bavSvebs unda SeeZloT raRac meTodis gamoyeneba, magaliTad teqstis analizi, sakuTari azris Seqmna misi
nawilebad ganxilvis saSualebiT da Semdeg azris sinTezuri gadmocema. ra
mniSvneloba aqvs, ra teqstze iswavlian am meTodis gamoyenebas: `didostatis marjvenaze~ Tu `xevisber goCaze~. roca siko janaSia ambobs:
`Tu iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic programaSi Sedis, skolaSi ar gauvliaT, es problemaa~, _ is unda gulisxmobdes Semdegs: Tu abiturients
teqstis analizs sTxoven da mas skolaSi teqstis analizi ar aswavles _
problemaa. amasve ambobs statiaSi ia gamyreliZe gamocdebis erovnuli centridan, magram es mniSvnelovani idea ukana
planzea darCenili. erTma maswavlebelma moswavleebi imiT rom daainteresa, _ es teqsti gamocdaze SegxvdebaTo, _
vfiqrob, SecdomaSi Seiyvana isini. unda eTqva, _ me rom axla nawarmoebis garCevas gaswavliT, ise unda gaarCioT Tqvenc
gamocdazeo. ai, maSin aRar daiwunebda saxelmZRvanelos imis gamo, rom masSi sagamocdo teqstebi ar aris.
z.x. rusTavi
(me-15 saSualo skoladamTavrebuli)
mokled / naTia axalaSvili
rusuli baza
oCamCireSi
grigol vaSaZis viziti aSS-Si
ruseTis samxedro-sazRvao
Zalebis mTavarsardlis, admiral
vladimer visockis TqmiT, oCamCireSi samxedro-sazRvao bazis
mSenebloba ukve daiwyo da or-sam
welSi dasruldeba. `raime msxvili
obieqtis mSeneblobas Cven iq
ar vapirebT. mxolod calkeuli
taqtikuri jgufebi ganTavsdeba~,
_ acxadebs axla visocki. Tumca,
ianvarSi samxedro sazRvao Zalebi
ganmartavdnen, rom bazis mSeneblobis paralelurad, welsve
daiwyeboda oCamCiris portSi
fskeris gaRrmavebis samuSaoebi,
raTa momavalSi SesaZlebeli gaxdes nebismieri klasis samxedro
xomaldis, maT Soris, kreiserebis
miReba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tbilisi
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas
mouwodebda, yuradRebiT mohkidebodnen am sakiTxs, mSeneblobis Tavidan acileba mainc ver
SeZlo. o
a
merikis saxelmwifo departamentSi
aSS-sa da saqarTvelos strategiuli
TanamSromlobis qartiis sabWos
pirveli sxdoma gaimarTa. sxdomaze qartiis
debulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis konkretuli
mimarTulebebi ganixiles. sxdomas sagareo
saqmeTa ministri grigol vaSaZe da aSS-s
saxelmwifo mdivnis moadgile jeims steinbergi Tavmjdomareobdnen. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi Sexvedraze saxelmwifo mdivans, hilari klintons unda warmoedgina,
Tumca motexili xelis gamo, igi Sexvedras
ver daeswro.
sxdomis Semdeg erTobliv preskonferenciaze steinbergma ganacxada, rom sabWo
aris `ori qveynis xangrZlivi da Rrma megobrobis axali etapi~. Tavis mxriv, grigol
vaSaZem am dRes saqarTvelosTvis istoriuli uwoda: `es aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani
SeTanxmeba Cveni qveynis Tanamedrove istoriaSi, romelsac damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg movawereT xeli~. steinbergis
TqmiT, aSS kvlav ganagrZobs saqarTveloSi
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis profesionalizmis
6
amaRlebis mxardaWeras. aSS daexmareba
saqarTvelos, ganaxorcielos reformebi,
romlebic nato-Si gawevrianebisTvisaa
saWiro”.
steinbergi obama-medvedevis momavali
Sexvedris sakiTxsac Seexo. `Cven gvjera,
rom Tu SevZlebT ruseTTan urTierTobebis
gaumjobesebas, es saqarTveloze dadebiTad
imoqmedebs~, _ ganacxada man.
sabWos sxdomis farglebSi gaimarTa oTxi
ormxrivi samuSao jgufis Sexvedra qartiis
debulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli sferoebis _ demokratiis ganviTarebis,
ekonomikis, usafrTxoebisa da kulturulhumanitaruli sakiTxebis ganxorcielebis
mizniT.
vizitis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos
sagareo saqmeTa ministri aSS-s kongresis warmomadgenlobiTi palatis, senatis,
saxelmwifo da Tavdacvis departamentebis
warmomadgenlebs Sexvda.
aSS-saqarTvelos strategiuli sabWos
Semdegi Sexvedra a.w. Semodgomaze TbilisSi
gaimarTeba. o
foto REUTERS / irakli gedeniZe
jeims steinbergi: Cven gvjera, rom Tu SevZlebT ruseTTan
urTierTobebis gaumjobesebas, es saqarTveloze dadebiTad
imoqmedebs
saakaSvili
somxeTs estumra
saqarTvelos prezidenti somxeTSi vizitisas prezident serJ
sarqisians Sexvda, sadac maT sxva
sakiTxebTan erTad larsis sabaJo
punqtis gaxsnisa da tvirTebis
gadazidvis tarifebze isaubres. saakaSvilma ganacxada, rom
qarTuli mxare mzadaa, gaxsnas
zemo larsis sakontrolo-sabaJo
gamSvebi punqti, Tu ruseTisganac
iqneba Sesabamisi survili.
am vizitisas ganisazRvra somxeTidan baTumamde gzis mSeneblobis SeCerebuli proeqtis
aRdgenis gegma da gadawyda, rom
qsani-razdanis 400-kilovatiani
eleqtrogadamcemi xazis mSeneblobac dasruldeba. o
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto REUTERS / sergei ilnicki
frazebi
`diax, fulis saSovnelad viyavi wasuli.
dro mova da vityvi, sad viyavi da
vis vxvdebodi. sakmaod optimisturi
SepirebiT var Camosuli; fuli
gvWirdeba gamarjvebisTvis da Cveni
moZraobis gasaZliereblad~.
levan gaCeCilaZe
Tbilisi, 19 ivnisi
ruseTs samxedro sakiTxebze
molaparakebebi surs
dimitri medvedevma ruseTis Tavdacvis saministros, sagareo saqmeTa
saministrosTan erTad, daavala samxreT oseTsa da afxazeTTan molaparakebebi gamarTon, raTa xeli moeweros saxelmwifoebs Soris samxedro sferoSi
TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebas. prezidentis davaleba rusuli mxaris
mier mowonebul proeqtSi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze cvlilebebs iTvaliswinebs. Tumca kremlis mier gavrcelebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, es cvlilebebi principuli xasiaTis ar iqneba. adre gamoqveynebuli SeTanxmebis
proeqtebi, regionSi usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis uzrunvelyofisTvis,
erTmaneTis teritoriebze samxedro bazebis mSeneblobas gulisxmobda.
mxareebi aseve mzad arian, iTanamSromlon samxedro usafrTxoebis gaumjobesebis, sahaero sivrcis kontrolis, samxedro dazvervisa da samxedro
tvirTebis saxelmwifoTaSorisi gadazidvis sakiTxebSic. o
`samwuxarod, is, rac axla xdeba, iZleva
seriozul safuZvels vifiqroT, rom
ivlisSi ruseT-saqarTvelos oms,
SesaZloa, ufro intensiuri gagrZeleba
mohyves~.
andrei ilarionovi
radio `exo moskvi~, 24 ivnisi
`saqarTvelo gaakeTebs yvelafers,
partniorebTan erTad, rom am zafxulis
ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare
movlenebi iyos yuradRebis centrSi,
raTa gvqondes maqsimaluri politikuri
Semakaveblebi ruseTis nebismieri
Semdgomi agresiis winaaRmdeg~.
foto interpresniusi
giga bokeria
Tbilisi, 19 ivnisi
`policielebis momzadebaSi
evrokavSiris eqspertebi gvexmarebian,
Tumca zogjer maT [policielebs]
xelebi eqavebaT da Cxuboben xolme~.
pasuxismgebeli
piri dakavebulia
TbilisSi, sandro eulis quCaze samauwyeblo kompania `rusTavi 2~-is
kuTvnili Senobis Camongrevis faqtze Catarebuli winaswari gamoZiebis
Sedegad dakavebulia samSeneblo samuSaoebze pasuxismgebeli piri daviT
gvasalia. mas bralad waredgina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
240-e muxlis II nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. Tbilisis saqalaqo
sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiam, prokuroris SuamdgomlobiT gvasalias, aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT, dapatimreba Seufarda.
240-e muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis
(usafrTxoebis wesis darRveva samTo, samSeneblo an sxva samuSaos warmoebisas, ramac gamoiwvia adamianis sicocxlis mospoba an sxva mZime
Sedegi) Cadena isjeba Tavisuflebis SezRudviT, vadiT 5 wlamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT oridan xuT wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an
saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT, vadiT sam wlamde an uamisod. o
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
mixeil saakaSvili
gazeTi `el pai~
Secdomis gasworeba
wina nomerSi rubrikaSi `mokled~ samxedro
wvrTnebis `kavkasia-2009~-s Sesaxeb gasul
informaciaSi fraza - `ruseTis Tavdacvis
saministros 500 samxedro mosamsaxure~-s
nacvlad, unda yofiliyo `ruseTis Tavdacvis
saministros 8 500 samxedro mosamsaxure~.
7
vrclad
gaaCereT manqana? gadaixadeT! avtomobili arasworad, dgoma-gaCerebis
amkrZalav niSanTan, an trotuarze gaaCereT? SesaZloa, dabrunebuls
naTia axalaSvili
foto marika qoCiaSvili
manqana adgilze aRar dagxvdeT.
CT Park
Tu manqana adgilze aRar dagxvdaT, jer 822 555-123-ze (CT
Park-is cxeli xazi) darekeT da
gaarkvieT, evakuatorma xom ar
gadaiyvana Tqveni avtomobili
dacul sadgomze. Tu asea, mis
dasaxsnelad aTlariani jarimis da evakuaciis Rirebulebis
_ 60 laris gadaxda mogiwevT.
TbilisSi parkingis axali wesebi moqmedebs.
parkirebis adgilebi ukve
TeTradaa daxazuli, iqvea
damontaJebuli parkirebis
saerTaSoriso niSani _ P da
abra, romelzec parkirebis
safasuri da cxeli xazis
nomeria miTiTebuli. naxazisa
da niSnis mixedviT, TbilisSi
avtotransportis parkirebis sami meTodi moqmedebs _
marTobuli, paraleluri da
45-gradusiani.
safasuris gadaxdac sami
meTodiT xdeba _ parkometris
meSveobiT, mobiluris da gadasafxeki baraTebiT. baraTebi
jixurebsa da supermarketebSi ukve iyideba. axali wesis
8
mixedviT, dgomis safasuri
mZRolebma winaswar unda gadaixadon. saparkinge adgilebi
da zonebi qalaqis mTavrobam
daadgina. erTi saaTi parkirebis fasi zonebis mixedviT 20
TeTridan erT laramde ganisazRvra. dReisaTvis dedaqalaqSi sul 10 aTasamde saparkinge
adgilia gansazRvruli.
2007 wlamde TbilisSi
parkirebis zedamxedvelobas 5 adgilobrivi kompania
axorcielebda. transportis
saqalaqo samsaxuris parkirebis organizebis ganyofilebis
ufrosis giorgi miqaZis TqmiT,
`mTavari iyo, gauqmebuliyo
fulis xelze gadaxdis meTodi. gvindoda, gamogveyenebina
ucxo qveynebis gamocdileba
da amitomac auqcionSi ZiriTadad ucxouri kompaniebi
monawileobdnen. gaimarjva im
ebraulma kompaniam, romelmac
daakmayofila menejmenti. maTgan SemoTavazebuli wliuri
Semosuli Tanxis procentuli
gadanawilebac yvelaze metia
qalaqis biujetisTvis~.
gamarjvebul kompania
`amagoni da Sohar parking
serviss~, romelmac saqarTveloSi CT Park daaarsa, TbilisSi
parkirebis marTvis ufleba 15
wliT gadaeca.
CT Park qalaqis biujetSi
mTliani Semosuli Tanxis (parkingis safasuri, jarimebi) 60
procents ixdis. Tanxa srulad
jer qalaqis biujetSi Sedis
da danarCeni 40 procenti CT
Park-s ericxeba. gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad,
pirvel wels qalaqis biujetSi CT Park-s minimum milioni
lari aqvs Sesatani, Semdeg
ki savaldebulo Tanxa nelnela gaizrdeba. winamorbedi 5
kompaniisTvis ki dedaqalaqis
biujetSi yovelwliurad Sesatani jamuri Tanxa minimum 2,7
milioni lari iyo.
kompania CT Park-is eqspluataciis menejeris irakli
jiblaZis TqmiT, 2007 wlidan
mZRolebi valdebulebi aRar
iyvnen e.w. `staianSCikebisTvis~
dgomis safasuri gadaexadaT da es dRemdec mxolod
avtomflobelebis keTil nebazea damokidebuli.
axali wesebis aRsrulebas
specialur formiani parkinginspeqtorebi gaakontroleben.
jarimis Tavidan asacileblad
gadafxekili baraTi an parkometrSi aRebuli qviTari
avtomobilSi TvalsaCino
adgilas unda idos (torpedoze an saqare minis Signidan).
parkirebis Tanxis gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi, mZRolebi,
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis Tanaxmad,
ukanono parkirebis xangrZlivobis mixedviT 20-dan 100
laramde TanxiT dajarimdebian. Tu dajarimebuli piri 30
dReSi ar gadaixdis Tanxas, mas
sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi 150-dan
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
500 laramde jarimis gadaxda
mouwevs.
dgomis xangrZlivobis Sesabamisi zusti Tanxis gadaxda
mxolod mobiluri baraTis
meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli _
gaaCerebT avtomobils, unda
darekoT, daasrulebT parkings, unda darekoT. danarCeni
ori formiT, mxolod saaTamde
damrgvalebiT xdeba gadaxda.
Tumca, arc mobiluri baraTiT
gadaxdaa am mxriv realurad
SeRavaTiani, radgan satelefono angariSidan amave dros
iWreba salaparako drois
Tanxac. CT Park-Si acxadeben,
rom mobiluri kavSiris kompaniebTan mimdinareobs molaparakebebi, raTa zaris ganxorcieleba ufaso gaxdes, Tumca
rTulia SeTanxmebis miRweva.
centralur gamzirebze
avtomobilis gaCereba, ukve
ramdenime welia, akrZalulia. aseT adgilebze manqanebi
safexmavlo zonaSi iyo gaCerebuli, sadac xSir SemTxvevaSi,
aseve `staianSCikebi~ aregulirebdnen situacias. dRes
jarimas avtomobilis arasworad gaCerebis gamoc miiRebT
da veRarc `staianSCikisTvis~
micemuli lari giSveliT. am
problemis mosagvareblad
sakrebulom gadawyvetileba
ukve miiRo. `am gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, daaxloebiT erT
TveSi, sadac saSualebaa, sadac
safexmavlo gza ganieria,
parkingis adgilebi moewyoba. axla am sakiTxze meriis
sxvadasxva samsaxuri muSaobs,
policiac ganixilavs da Semdeg ki sabolood mTavrobis
sxdomaze damtkicdeba~.
CT Park-is eqspluataciis
menejeris, irakli jiblaZis
TqmiT, am droisaTvis kompanias parkingis infrastruqtu-
ris mosawyobad 3 milion aSS
dolaramde investicia aqvs
Cadebuli. srulmasStabiani
kontroli ivlisidan daiwyeba.
`jerjerobiT sainformacio
kampanias warvmarTavT, rom
yvelam gaigos axali sistemis
Sesaxeb. Tumca, `dgoma-gaCereba akrZalulia~ niSnis arealSi
gaCerebuli avtomobilebis
mZRolebi ukve jarimdebian.
aseT jarimas ukve Cveni inspeqtori wers. adre mas patruli
werda. vidre srul operirebas
daviwyebT, sami evakuatori
gvyavs, Semdeg kidev davamatebT~, _ acxadebs irakli jiblaZe.
jerjerobiT qalaqSi versad
SexvdebiT saparkinge adgilebs, romlebic SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa
amosacnobniSniani avtomobilebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. CT ParkSi acxadeben, rom am etapze
meriisgan elian am kategoriis
adgilebisa da raodenobis
konkretul CamonaTvals da,
vidre srulad operirebas
daiwyeben, aseTi sadgomebic
moewyoba.
mosaxleoba, romelsac saxlTan mouwevs parkingis moniSnul adgilebze avtomobilis
gaCereba, weliwadSi erTxel
SeZenili 12-lariani baraTis
meSveobiT RamiT da dasvenebis dReebSi ufasod gaaCerebs avtomobils. sxva dros
sakuTar saxlTan misulebs
Cveulebrivi tarifis gadaxda
mouwevT.
nu dagaviwydebaT, rom parkirebis TiToeuli tarifi 24
saaTis ganmavlobaSi moqmedebs.
zustad gansazRvreT avtomobilis gaCerebis dro winaswar,
daicaviT gaCerebis wesic,
Torem, SesaZloa, umanqanod
darCeT. o
parkingis safasuri
zona mdebareobis mixedviT
parkirebaze maRali moTxovnis
komerciuli aqtivobis adgili
1 saaTis
safasuri
1 lari
20 TeTriani zona
70%
komerciuli aqtivobiT
gamorCeuli adgili
50 TeTri
sacxovrebeli ubani
20 TeTri
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
10%
20%
50 TeTriani zona
1 lariani zona
dakarguli milionebi
qveynidan investiciebis
gadinebis procesi daiwyo.
saqarTvelom 2009 wlis
pirvel kvartalSi 28
milion dolarze meti
dakarga.
maia demetraSvili
wels qveyanaSi 2008 wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT 4-jer naklebi ucxouri
investicia, sul 125 milionamde dolari
Semovida. investiciebi nawilobriv ucxouri
kapitalis gadinebis xarjzec Semcirda.
investiciebis yvelaze didi wili, TiTqmis
23 milioni dolari, transportisa da komunikaciebis seqtorma, sabankom ki TiTqmis 6
milioni dakarga.
eqsperti giorgi RaRaniZe miiCnevs, rom
qveynidan investiciebis gadineba arc dasamalia da arc gasakviri. `krizisis Sedegad,
kapitali msoflios bevrma qveyanam dakarga
da gamonaklisi arc saqarTveloa. qveyanaSi
sainvesticio garemoze gavlena jer agvistos
omma moaxdina, mogvianebiT amas globaluri krizisi daerTo, 2009 wlis dasawyisSi ki
mdgomareoba arastabilurma politikurma
garemom daamZima~, _ ganmartavs RaRaniZe.
saqarTveloSi investiciebis gadinebis
pirveli niSnebi jer kidev 2008 wlis mesame kvartalSi, omis Semdeg gaCnda. maSin 129
milionze meti dolari energetikis seqtors,
sabankos ki 129 aTasi dolari daaklda. meoTxe kvartalSi sabanko sferos danakargma 62
milion dolars gadaaWarba.
saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis makroekonomikisa da statistikis departamentis ufrosi
arCil mestviriSvili ganmartavs, rom investiciebis Semcirebis tendenciis mizezi SesaZloa uaryofiTi reinvesticia gamxdariyo.
msoflio finansuri krizisis gamo ucxoelma
investorebma adre miRebuli mogebis nawili
dakarges. `mTlianobaSi, pirveli kvartlis
monacemebi sabanko seqtorSi ucxouri kapitalis Semodinebis gaumjobesebis tendenciaze
mianiSnebs~, _ ganmartavs mestviriSvili.
Semosavlebis samsaxuris yofili ufrosis,
mindia gadaevis TqmiT, investiciebis gadineba
negatiuri movlenaa, magram qarTulma sabanko
sistemam am krizisul mdgomareobaSi valdebulebebis gastumreba SeZlo, rac seqtoris
mdgradobaze da, Sesabamisad, mis kreditunarianobaze miuTiTebs.
9
vrclad
gadaevi miiCnevs, rom saqarTveloSi investiciebis Semcireba bunebrivi procesia da es
qveynis kerZo problemas ar
warmoadgens. `es globaluri
finansur-ekonomikuri ngrevis
Sedegia. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom saqarTvelo ar aris pirveli rigis investiciebis qveyana,
2009-2010 wlebSi investiciebis
Semodinebis didi imedi ar unda
gvqondes~, _ ganmartavs gadaevi.
pirveli kvartlis statistikuri monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi kapitalis dabandeba 18
qveynis biznesmenebma Seamcires,
maT Soris yvelaze meti, TiTqmis 46 milioni _ amerikidan.
aSS-dan saqarTveloSi gasuli
wlis pirvel kvartalSi 65 milionze meti dolaris investicia Semovida.
2009 wlisTvis mTavroba 1,7
mlrd. dolaris odenobis investiciis Semodinebas varaudobda,
Tumca finansTa ministris kaxa
bainduraSvilis ganmartebiT,
saprognozo maCvenebeli 1,1
mlrd. dolaramde Semcirda.
RaRaniZe miiCnevs, rom investiciebis gadinebis fonze
`mTavaria, qveyanaSi politikuri
arastabilurobidan gamosavali
konstituciis CarCoebSi moiZebnos. es ucxoel biznesmenebs
imas mianiSnebs, rom qveyanaSi
stabiluroba aRdga da kapitalis dabandeba kvlav momgebiani
gaxda~, _ ganmartavs RaRaniZe. o
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis
mixedviT umsxvilesi qveynebis aTeuli:
investori qveynebi
ganxorcielebuli
investiciebi (mln. dolari)
arabeTis gaerTianebuli
saemiroebi
50,138
gaerTianebuli samefo
24,79
CexeTi
23,674
TurqeTi
21,091
niderlandebi
19,287
iaponia
12,266
virjiniis kunZulebi
9,931
panama
9,12
SvedeTi
3,02
avstria
2,019
10
dakarguli osebi cxinvalis mxarem,
SesaZloa, uari Tqvas Jenevis
molaparakebebSi monawileobaze.
samxreT oseTis warmomadgeneli postkonfliqturi
situaciis daregulirebis
sakiTxebSi boris CoCievi, ukve
ramdenime kviraa, JurnalistebTan interviuSi acxadebs, rom
Jenevis molaparakebebSi osuri
mxaris monawileoba eWvqveS
dadgeba, Tu gasuli wlis
oqtomberSi dakargul sam oss
ar gaaTavisufleben.
osuri mxare ambobs, rom
specrazmeli sulTan plievi
da misi ori megobari _ alan
xaCirovi da alan xugaevi
sofel xelCuasTan SeiaraRebuli pirebis jgufma alyaSi
moaqcia.
`es gza qarTul soflebTan
disevTan da koSkTan axlos
gadis.saqarTvelos Zalovani
struqturebis warmomadgenlebma biWebi alyaSi moaqcies
da gaitaces~, _ hyveba daviT
xugaevi, erT-erTi dakargulis
mama.
`TviTmxilvelebma gviTxres,
rom Cveni Svilebi sofel
koSkis policiis ganyofilebaSi miiyvanes da sastikad
scemes. Semdeg Casves ucxour
avtomanqanaSi da gorisken
waiyvanes. gorSi sami dRe
hyavdaT, Semdeg TbilisSi
gadaiyvanes. mere araferi
viciT~.
dakargulebis mSoblebs sami
Tvis win gadasces mobiluri
telefoniT gadaRebuli videomasala, sadac gadaRebulia,
rogor urtyams ramdenime kaci
fexebs sam axalgazrdas. arc
moZaladeebis saxeebi Cans da
arc is, Tu sad xdeba moqmedeba.
osuri mxaris gancxadebiT,
saqarTvelos teritoriaze
tyveobaSi 36 osi rCeba. maTi
informaciiT, amaTgan 13 omis
Semdgom periodSi gaitaces.
saqarTvelos Ss saministro-
Si acxadeben, rom dakarguli
sami osis Sesaxeb informacia
ar aqvT.
cxinvalis mier gavrcelebuli 36-kaciani siidan saqarTvelos cixeebSi mxolod xuTi
adamiani imyofeba. Ss saministroSi acxadeben, rom am xuT
patimars bralad edeba policielebis winaaRmdeg teraqtebis mowyoba da marodioroba,
amdenad maT ganTavisuflebas
qarTuli mxare ar apirebs.
oficialuri cxinvali zemoT
aRniSnul videoCanawers ganixilavs, rogorc imis mtkicebulebas, rom axalgazrdebi
qarTulma policiam gaitaca.
dakargulebis adgilsamyofelis dadgenamde osurma mxarem
SeaCera Tavisi monawileoba
saqarTvelosa da samxreT
oseTis administraciul
sazRvarTan mimdinare regularul SexvedrebSi. cxinvalis warmomadgenlebi ukve or
winaswardagegmil Sexvedras ar
daswrebian.
bolo Sexvedris CaSlis
Semdeg evropuli sadamkvirveblo misiis xelmZRvanelma
hansier haberma ganacxada, rom
imedi aqvs, rom osuri mxare
molaparakebebis magidas daubrundeba, raTa `rac SeiZleba,
swrafad ganaxldes arsebiTi
sakiTxebis ganxilva~.
evropuli sadamkvirveblo
misiisa da euTo-s warmomadgenlebi cxinvalSi dakarguli axalgazrdebis mSoblebs
Sexvdnen da Sehpirdnen, rom
miRebul informacias qarTul
mxares gadascemdnen. evrokavSiris specialuri warmomadgenlis pier morelis cxinvalSi ukanaskneli vizitis dros,
dakargulebis naTesavebma
saprotesto aqcia gamarTes da
morelis korteJs gza gadauketes. o
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Sexvedra berlinSi konfidencialuri
Sexvedris Semdeg opoziciis erTianoba
morigi gamowvevis winaSe dadga.
berlinSi gamarTuli Sexvedris amsaxveli videomasala popularul saitze
youtube.com-ze momxmareblma ottolimberg 2714-ma 24 ivniss gaavrcela.
videomasalas Tan erTvis minaweri,
sadac aRniSnulia, rom firze gadaRebuli Sexvedrebi berlinSi 15-18 ivniss
sastumro Adlon Kempinski-Si gaimarTa.
`berlinSi isedac mqonda Cemi saqme.
`kempinskiSi~ vcxovrobdi, isinic iq
dabinavdnen. aravis vemalebodiT,
qalaqSic vseirnobdiT~, _ hyveba kaxa
TargamaZe.
evropidan dabrunebuli gaCeCilaZe
parlamentis win mitingze da `maestros~ eTeriT ramdenjerme acxadebs,
rom evropaSi fulis saSovnelad iyo
wasuli da ucxoeli biznes-partniorebisgan dadebiTi pasuxic miiRo.
berlinis Sexvedris Canaweris
gavrcelebis Semdeg ki mas TbilisSi
da TargamaZes moskovSi uwevT imis
mtkiceba, rom yofili Ss ministri ar
aris is adamiani, visganac opozicia
amjerad elodeba fuls.
`egeni evropaSi sxva qarTvelebsac
Sexvdnen. ramdenadac vici, fuli jer
magaTTvis aravis miucia. is vici, rom
erTma, vinc fuls Sehpirda, am Canawerebisa da panikis Semdeg gadaifiqra.
fulze informacia levanma jinaze
gaavrcela, isini [xelisufleba] rom
enerviulebina~, _ ambobs satelefono
saubarSi Ss yofili ministri.
Sexvedris samive monawile ambobs,
rom videokamera sastumroSi ramdenjerme SeniSnes, magram ar SeSfoTebulan, radgan dasamali araferi hqondaT. kiTxvaze, Tu ratom daelodnen
kadrebis televiziiT gavrcelebas da
Tavad ar mohyvnen Sexvedris Sesaxeb,
gaCeCilaZe pasuxobs: `ar vTqvi imitom,
rom vici am xelisuflebis ambavi, sxvanairad aagorebdnen Sav piars~.
Tumca, piari mainc `agorda~ _
deputatebi da Tavad prezidentic
am Sexvedras, ukanonos vera, magram
moralurad miuRebels uwodeben. maTi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
azriT, yofil Ss ministrTan Sexvedra
mTeli opoziciis diskreditaciaa.
savaraudod, am Sexvedris Sesaxeb
araferi icoda daviT gamyreliZis
Tanaalianselma irakli alasaniam.
`nebismier politikur liders aqvs
imis ufleba, Tu Tavisufleba, rom
Tavad gadawyvitos vis Sexvdes, sad da
ra sakiTxebze elaparakos~, _ ambobs
alasanias Tanagundeli viqtor doliZe,
romelic am Sexvedris Sesaxeb informacias televiziiT 24 ivniss gebulobs.
`ho, ar icodnen, magram arc erT
liders ar gaukeTebia uaryofiTi
komentari. modiT, ase davayenoT sakiTxi _ ratom unda meTqva?~ _ ambobs
gaCeCilaZe.
opoziciis warmomadgenlebi sajarod erTxmad amtkiceben, rom koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis principi 9
aprilis aqciebis organizatorebze ar
vrceldeba da yvela liders sakuTari
gza aqvs.
Tumca, fulis warmomavloba yvelas
ainteresebs da momavali gadajgufeba
opoziciaSi imis mixedviT moxdeba, Tu
visTvis rogori damfinansebelia miuRebeli. `visac surs baton TargamaZesTan Sexvedra, is xvdeba. me piradad
amis survili ar maqvs~, _ ambobs nino
burjanaZe, romelic jer kidev prezident saakaSvilisa da levan gaCeCilaZis xmaurianma Sexvedram gaaRiziana.
`vinc xalxis zurgs ukan raime tipis
farul garigebebs wamoiwyebs, Cven gavemijnebiT da damoukidebel moqmedebebs daviwyebT~, _ ambobs eka beselia.
gzebis gayofa savaraudod ivlisSi moxdeba. levan gaCeCilaZe axali
sazogadoebriv-politikuri moZraobis Camoyalibebas gegmavs, romelic,
misi TqmiT, polonuri `solidarobis~
analogi iqneba. ukve mimdinareobs
konsultaciebi opoziciur ZalebTan
am moZraobaSi SesaZlo gaerTianebis
Taobaze.
miniSnebas `sakuTari gzis~ Sesaxeb
nino burjanaZec akeTebs. `dadga dro,
roca partiebma seriozulad unda
imuSaon strategiaze, taqtikaze da
partniorebis sworad SerCevaze. SeiZleba ramdenime politikuri partia
dajgufdes, magram SeiZleba darCe
marto. samwuxarod, realuri politika aseTia _ mudmivi mtrebi da mudmivi
megobrebi ar arseboben~.
Youtube-iT gavrcelebul kadrebze
ar ismis, raze saubroben sastumroSi
Sekrebilebi. am Sexvedris Sinaarsis
saerTo versiaze verc Tavad monawileebi SeTanxmdnen. daviT gamyreliZem
Tqva, rom TargamaZem maT dadasturebuli informacia miawoda imis Sesaxeb,
rom vladimir putini ruseTSi moRvawe
biznesmenebs qarTuli opoziciis dafinansebas ukrZalavs da rom ruseTis
premierisTvis saqarTvelos prezidentis postze TiToeuli maTganis
kandidatura misaRebia. `risi putinis
saxeliT molaparake var me? romeli
Cemi Zmakacia. neta iyos Cemi Zmakaci,
raRaciT mainc dagexmarebodiT~, _
uaryofs informacias kaxa TargamaZe.
kidev erTi Tema, romelzec ver
Tanxmdebian Sexvedris Tbiliseli da
moskoveli monawileebi, mixeil saakaSvilisa da kanonieri qurdebis finansuri urTierTobaa. gaCeCilaZe ambobs,
rom `rkinis ministrs~ swored 2003
wlis revoluciis damfinanseblebis
Sesaxeb cnobebis mosapoveblad Sexvda.
`es ra informaciaa, amas Sexvedra rad
undoda. amas yoveldRe weren gazeTebSi~, _ ambobs TargamaZe satelefono
saubarSi. yofili ministri opoziciis
liderebTan sakuTari versiis gansxvavebebs ase xsnis: `magaTac SeiZleba
raRac wamocdeT da Tqvan. cdiloben,
dartymis qveS ar damayenon. amitomac,
raRac Temebze ver saubroben da mec
ver vambob~.
maT, vinc ottolimberg 2714-s berlinis Sexvedris gadaReba daavales,
savaraudod, 15-dan 18 ivniss gamarTuli sxva Sekrebebis Sesaxebac ician.
evropidan dabrunebuli politikosebi
amtkiceben, rom Canawerebi aRar iqneba, radgan kaxa TargamaZisgan gansxvavebiT, qarTul opoziciasTan erTad
gamoCenas saguldagulod malaven maTi
sxva partniorebi da amitomac maTTan
Sexvedrebi gacilebiT konfidencialur adgilebSi Sedga, vidre sastumro
`kempinskis~ kafea. o
11
konstituciis
mixeil TavxeliZe
eqsperti
WeSmaritebaa, rom Zlieri saprezidento mmarTveloba saparlamentoze gacilebiT stabiluri
da sasargebloa, rom gabedul da Zlier liders
ufro metis gakeTeba SeuZlia, vidre ramdenime
aTeul myvirala politikoss, romlebic erTmaneTs ganuwyvetliv ejibrebian arCevnebze. es WeSmariteba miTia!
roca parlamentis umravlesoba prezidentis mokavSirea,
aseTi mmarTveloba stabiluri da efeqturia. problemebi
iwyeba maSin, roca parlamenti
prezidents `ganudgeba~: mTavrobis Semadgenlobis Secvla
praqtikulad SeuZlebeli xdeba; nebismieri sakanonmdeblo
iniciativa parlamentarTa winaaRmdegobas awydeba; biujetis
miReba ki interesebis Sejerebis
procesad iqceva. aseT dros,
prezidenti iZulebuli xdeba
safrangeTis parlamenti
qveyana, parlamentis gverdis
avliT, brZanebulebebiT marTos; parlamenti ki
_ mTeli ZaliT prezidentis gadayenebas ecados.
radgan xelisuflebis orive Stos damoukidebeli
legitimacia aqvs, krizisis daZleva SeuZlebeli
xdeba. garda amisa, prezidenti qveynis erTpirovnuli mmarTvelia da nebismieri krizisidan gamosvla SesaZlebelia mxolod prezidentis SecvliT,
rac qveynis ganviTarebis veqtorisa da geopolitikuri orientaciis Secvlasac SeiZleba niSnavdes.
es riski ar arsebobs wminda saparlamento sistemisTvis, romlis arsia xelisuflebis StoTa
urTierTdamokidebuleba: aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis umaRlesi organoa xalxis mier arCeuli parlamentis mier Sedgenili mTavroba,
premier-ministris xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic
gamarjvebul partias an koalicias warmoadgens.
umravlesobaze dayrdnobiT, mTavrobas SeuZlia gabedulad ganaxorcielos sakuTari politikuri programa. mravalpartiuloba aRar aris
destabilizaciis faqtori, radgan nebismier partias aqvs Sansi mmarTvel koaliciaSi moxvdes.
msoflio gamocdilebiT damtkicebuli saparla12
mento reJimebis stabilurobis mTavari mizezi
ki is aris, rom sistema gulisxmobs politikuri
krizisebidan bunebriv gamosavals _ riggareSe
saparlamento arCevnebs. magram saparlamento
sistemas aqvs erTi mniSvnelovani `nakli~: mis
warmatebas aucileblad sWirdeba ganviTarebuli partiebi da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, Zlieri,
arapolitizirebuli biurokratia, Tavisufali
presa, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistema da
qveynis mier arCeuli demokratiuli kursis garedan ar Secvlis garantia. amitom saqarTvelosTvis wminda saparlamento sistema miuRebelia.
saqarTvelosTvis dRes idealuri iqneboda
Sualeduri, naxevrad-saprezidento (an, Tu gnebavT, naxevrad-saparlamento)
sistema,
romelic aRiwereba formuliT:
`Zlieri prezidenti _ Zlieri
parlamenti da mTavroba~.
am sistemaSi orive mxare aris
pirdapir xalxis mier arCeuli
da Zlieria sakuTari gamijnuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi. am sistemaSi prezidenti qveyanas `strategiulad~,
xolo mTavroba `operatiulad~
marTavs.
mTavrobis funqcia da arsi
igivea, rac wminda saparlamento sistemaSi da prezidenti am sistemaSi ar aris mTavrobis meTauri.
amave dros, igi aris qveynis damoukideblobis,
suverenitetis, teritoriis xelSeuxeblobis, moqalaqeTa uflebebis, socialur-ekonomikuri da
politikuri sistemis stabilurobisa da arCeuli geopolitikuri kursis SenarCunebis garanti.
rogorc umaRlesi mTavarsardali da specsamsaxurebis uSualo xelmZRvaneli, prezidenti aseve
garantia samxedro-policiuri saxelmwifo aparatis politikuri neitralobisa.
sakanonmdeblo iniciativis, vetosa da parlamentis daTxovnis uflebebi mas saSualebas
aZlevs qveyana daicvas Tundac yvelaze radikaluri da upasuxismgeblo mTavrobis moqmedebisganac ki.
droTa ganmavlobaSi, demokratiuli institutebis ganviTarebis paralelurad, prezidentis
uflebamosileba SesaZloa Semcirdes warmomadgenlobiT funqciebamde da qveyana nel-nela
gadavides wminda saparlamento mmarTvelobis
sistemaze. jerjerobiT, saqarTvelosTvis es naadrevi da saxifaToa. o
foto REUTERS / benua tesie
mowinaaRmdege
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
amerikuli modeli
momxre
gia jandieri
axali ekonomikuri skolis vice-prezidenti
foto REUTERS / jeison ridi
sazogadoebis erTi nawilis mosazreba _ rom
CvenSi saprezidento institutma ar gaamarTla
da saWiroa saparlamento modelze gadasvla _
Cemi azriT, sakiTxis arasworad dayenebaa. Zalian mniSvnelovania, zustad gairkves konkretulad ram ar imuSava, an imuSava cudad, ram Seuwyo
xeli prezidentis xelSi Zalauflebis koncentracias, rogor SeiZleboda
amis Tavidan acileba.
vfiqrob, konstituciaze
muSaobis procesi saqarTveloSi moklebulia logikas da
mTlianad emociebs eyrdnoba.
arada, konstituciis logikis
raobaze masze momuSave yvela adamiani gansakuTrebulad
unda zrunavdes.
Cemi azriT, am logikas qmnis ideebi, romelic aSS-s damfuZnebel mamebs ekuTvniT.
1. SezRuduli mTavroba. moaSS-s kongresi
qalaqeebs, anu mTavrobis mier
kontrolirebad teritoriaze macxovrebel adamianebs, aqvT yvela is ufleba, romelic konstituciiT ar aqvs gadacemuli xelisuflebas. es
principi naTlad gansazRvravs, rom adamiani aris
Tavisufali da mTavrobas aqvs mkacrad SezRuduli funqciebi, romlebic miTiTebulia konstituciSi; da ar SeuZlia miiTvisos adamianebis
kuTvnili sxva uflebebi. nebismieri mcdeloba,
mTavroba ukeTesi gavxadoT, im pirobebSi, rodesac mas ukve mravali funqcia aqvs miniWebuli,
Zalian rTulia. jer ar arsebobs magaliTi, rom
politikur procesebs ar mieca stimuli mTavrobisTvis sakuTari funqciebis gasafarToeblad.
2. politikuri institutebisa da xelisuflebis Stoebis urTierTkontroli da balansi. aseTi instituciuri sistema pirvel rigSi
konkurencias gulisxmobs, romelic aiZulebs
mxareebs, angariSi gauwion erTmaneTs da mosaxleobas daanaxon sxvebTan SedarebiT sakuTari
upiratesoba. es aseve ar iZleva axali uflebebis
miTvisebis saSualebas.
3.arCeuli prezidenti. arCeul prezidents
pirdapiri pasuxismgebloba aqvs aRmasrulebeli
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
xelisuflebis liderebis da organoebis saqmianobaze. Sesabamisad, yovelTvis cxadia _ vis unda
dabraldes Seqmnili problemebi.
4. prezidenti _ aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis lideri. misi funqciaa, warmarTos am Stos
swori saqmianoba. mas ekonomikis marTva ki ar
exeba, aramed iseTi politikis warmarTva, rodesac gansakuTrebulad SezRudulia mTavrobis
Careva. aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis xelmZRvaneli aris politikuri lideri da ara ekonomikis
ganmkargavi.
5. aRmasrulebeli Stos TiToeuli xelmZRvanelis piradi pasuxismgebloba. koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebis sistema
miTologizebuli gamogonebaa
da kargi saSualebaa pasuxismgeblobis asacileblad. aseTi
koleqtiuri saqmianobis oponirebisTvis gamodgeba koaliciuri mTavrobis magaliTi, sadac potenciuri konkurentebi
_ politikuri partiebi _ erTmaneTis partniorebi xdebian.
es ki advilad xdeba politikuri vaWrobisa da didmasStabiani korufciis sababi.
6. aRmasrulebeli Stos damoukidebloba. lideris pirdapiri arCeva saSualebas iZleva am Stos xelmZRvaneli Teoriulad mainc iyos damoukidebeli
sakanonmdeblo organosagan, raTa winaaRmdegoba
gauwios mis araswor gadawyvetilebebs.
saprezidento respublikis zemoT CamoTvlil
upiratesobebs aSS-s konstitucia uzrunvelyofs. es fundamenturi principebi albaT qarTul
proeqtSic unda gaiTvaliswinon, qveyana revoluciebis gareSe rom ganviTardes.
cxadia, am mcire statiaSi SeuZlebelia egreT
wodebuli saparlamento respublikis uaryofiTi mxareebis dawvrilebiT ganxilva, Tumca is
mainc unda iTqvas, rom aseTi mmarTvelobis pirobebSi politikosebs ufleba aqvT, SeuzRudavad miiTvison uflebebi individTa Tavisuflebis Semcirebis xarjze, xolo pasuxismgeblobas
koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis ukan daemalon.
amerikuli modeli gacilebiT kargad icavs
pirovnebas saxelmwifosagan, misi gadaWarbebuli, SeuzRudavi diqtatisgan. es fundamenturi cvlileba dagvexmareboda totalitaruli,
maT Soris, rusuli ideologiisagan gaTavisuflebaSi. o
13
politika
qarTuli saguSago sofel xurCis
SesasvlelSi, ivnisi 2009
14
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
gaero-s misiam saqarTvelo datova
mSvidobiT,
gaero!
saqarTvelodan gaero_s misiis
gasvlis Semdeg mosaxleobis
usafrTxoebas qarTveli
policielebi da evrokavSiris
monitorebi icaven. arc erT
maTgans administraciuli sazRvris
gakontrolebis saSualeba ar aqvs.
sazRvrispira soflebSi 45 aTasze
meti adamiani cxovrobs.
eka qadagiSvili, guga lagvilava
w
foto daro sulakauri
eliwadis am dros mdinare
enguri adidebulia da gaRma
napiridan gadmosvla _ SeuZlebeli. amitomac, sofel SamgonaSi
SedarebiT simSvidea.
sofeli, romelSic 2 500 mosaxlea, kunZuls hgavs, radgan enguri
Samgonas garSemo uvlis. aq, iseve,
rogorc sxva sazRvrispira soflebSi, bolo 16 wlis ganmavlobaSi
gaero-s damkvirvebelTa manqanebs
yoveldRe xedavdnen. `mainc imedi
iyo, rodesac gaero-s manqana Caivlida. Tumca, daculad Tavs arc
maSin vgrZnobdiT da arc axla~, _
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
ambobs administraciuli sazRvrispira sofelSi mcxovrebi marina
gulua.
gaero-s monitoringis misiis
muSaoba saqarTveloSi 15 ivniss,
niu-iorkis droiT Ramis 12 -ze,
sofel Samgonas droiT ki dilis
8 saaTze Sewyda. axalma ambavma aq
male CamoaRwia, Tumca mosaxleobas
mniSvnelovani cvlileba ar ugrZvnia. marina guluas, iseve, rogorc
mis Tanasoflelebs, uWirs, gaixsenos, konkretulad ra daxmareba
gauweviaT gaero-s warmomadgenlebs aqaurebisTvis.
15
`omis dReebSi Cven
dasaxmareblad aravin
mosula. policiac
ar gamoCenila.
damkvirveblebi ki
pirvelad seqtemberSi
vnaxeT~, - ambobs galidan
devnili zaza xurcilava,
romelic axla SamgonaSi
cxovrobs.
16
mxolod gamosasyidis gadaxdis Semdeg
movaxerxeT~, _ ambobs Samgonas mcxovrebi, romelic anonimurad gvesaubra.
gaero-s monitoringis misia, damkvirveblebis garda, sagamoZiebo
jgufebisganac Sedgeboda. faqtebis
moZiebis gundi (Fact Finding Team, FFT)
uflebamosili iyo, gamoeZiebina nebismieri politikurad motivirebuli
aralegaluri qmedeba an kriminaluri
faqti, romelic mSvidobiani moqalaqeebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielda.
gaero-s misiis es jgufi gamoZiebis
procesSi afxazeTisa da saqarTvelos
samarTaldamcav organoebTan TanamSromlobda. faqtebis moZiebis jgufis
kompetencia iyo SemTxvevis adgilis
monaxuleba da konfliqtis mxareebisTvis obieqturi informaciis miwodeba.
gaero-s misiis dasrulebis Semdeg
administraciuli sazRvrispira soflebSi usafrTxoebis dacva mTlianad
qarTul policias mouwevs. samarTaldamcavebis TqmiT, sofel xurCaSi 15
ivnisamde mxolod erTi manqaniT patrulirebdnen. ukve 2 kviraa, sofels
ori manqaniT icaven.
sofeli xurCa engurs gaRmaa da mas
galis raionis sofel nabakevisgan patara mdinare novela hyofs. qarTuli
saguSago soflis SesasvlelTan, mdinare engurze gadebul rkinis xidzea.
zugdidis gansakuTrebul davalebaTa
meore sammarTvelos TanamSromlebi
sofelSi Semsvlel yvela manqanas da
fexiT mosiarules aCereben, amowmeben
zugdididan momaval samarSruto taqsebsac.
xurCaSi Jurnalistebs specialuri
nebarTvis gareSe aRar uSveben. sofelSi Sesvla sammarTvelos ufrosTan
telefoniT gasaubrebis Semdeg xdeba
SesaZlebeli, isic erTi pirobiT _ policielebis TanxlebiT. samarTaldamcavebi usafrTxoebis garantias ver
iZlevian, radgan mas Semdeg, rac galis
raionSi arc erTi saerTaSoriso damkvirvebeli ar darCa, administraciuli sazRvris SeumCnevlad gadmolaxva
kidev ufro gamartivda.
swored amitom, axla ufro metad
eSinia Tavdasxmis SamgonaSi mcxovreb
Temur absanZes: `gaero msoflio organizacia iyo da amitom rusebs da afxazebs maTi ridi hqondaT. axla rusi
gaTamamdeba da rasac unda, imas gaakeTebs. vin SeZlebs maT dakavebas? ukve
yvelaferi mosalodnelia~.
foto daro sulakauri
qiriebis sacxovrebeli saxli sofel
SamgonaSi enguris piras dgas. diasaxlisi ixsenebs, rom 2009 wlis 4 ianvars
yaCaRebi engurze gadmovidnen da maT
saxlSi Sevardnen. ojaxis wevrebis TqmiT, yaCaRebi qarTulad saubrobdnen.
`fuli da oqro mogvTxoves. Cven arc
erTi gvqonda da arc meore. veraferi
rom ver ipoves, Cemi qmari, demur qiria, gareT gaiyvanes da male srolis
xma gavige. mTeli Rame veZebeT demuri
da dilis 6 saaTze saxlTan axlos, enguris piras mkvdari vipoveT. vfiqrob,
Cemma meuRlem erT-erTi yaCaRi icno
da amitom cocxali ar datoves~. qvrivma gaero-s sTxova mkvlelobis gamoZiebaSi daxmareba. maTac guldasmiT
gamoikiTxes saqmis detalebi da ojaxs
daxmarebas dahpirdnen. mas Semdeg 5
Tve ise gavida, rom qiriebs aRaravin
dakavSirebia.
adgilobrivi mcxovrebi alik Toria ambobs _ miuxedavad imisa, rom
sofelSi gaero-s damkvirveblebi da
qarTuli policia patrulirebda,
administraciul sazRvarTan axlos
mcxovreblebis usafrTxoebas aqamdec
veravin icavda. 66 wlis Toria ixsenebs,
rom TanasoflelebTan erTad enguris
piras Tevzaobda, roca Tavs afxazebi daesxnen da engurs iqiT gadaiyvanes. `galSi wagviyvanes da gamosasyids
gvTxovdnen. Cemma ojaxma dolarebi
gadauxada da gamomiSves. danarCenebis
gasaTavisufleblad gaero-s mivmarTeT, magram verafriT dagvexmarnen~.
Tumca SamgonaSi isic axsovT, rom
maT Tanasoflels gaero-m gatacebuli
ojaxis wevri apovnina. `wavidnen afxazeTSi da Cemi Zma ipoves. gviTxres,
_ galis cixeSiao. gamoyvanaSi ki ver
dagvexmarnen. Cemi Zmis gaTavisufleba
Tumca, agvistos omis dros gaeros monitoringis misiis arsebobas xeli
ar SeuSlia afxazuri da rusuli dajgufebebisTvis administraciuli sazRvari gadaekveTaT. samxedro moqmedebebi ar yofila, magram sazRvrispira
soflebSi mobilizebuli iyo rusuli
jari. sofel ganmuxurSi ixseneben,
rom omis dReebSi aq daZabulobam piks
maSin miaRwia, roca afxazebi maT sofelSi gadmovidnen da gamagrdnen.
Tumca, iqve aRniSnaven, rom afxazebs
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis araferi dauSavebiaT. maT sofeli ramdenime
dReSi mSvidobianad datoves, Tumca
mas Semdeg mosaxleoba yoveldRe SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis ganaxlebis molodinSia.
sofel ganmuxuris, xurCisa da Samgonas macxovreblebi ixseneben, rom
yvelaze kritikul momentSi marto
aRmoCndnen. `omis dReebSi Cven dasaxmareblad aravin mosula. policiac ar gamoCenila. damkvirveblebi
ki pirvelad seqtemberSi vnaxeT~, _
ambobs galidan devnili zaza xurcilava, romelic axla SamgonaSi cxovrobs.
`mesmis adgilobrivi mosaxleobis,
rodesac ambobs, rom misiis warmomadgenlebi maTTan ar gamoCenilan.
garwmunebT, samSvidobo misiis arc
erT warmomadgenels sakuTari valdeliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto daro sulakauri
sofel Samgonis mosaxleoba
bulebebis Sesruleba ar Seuwyvetia.
Cven zugdidSi davrCiT da amiT qalebsa da bavSvebs miveciT magaliTi,
rom qalaqi ar daetovebinaT. zogierTi maTgani ukan dabrunda kidec. Cveni damkvirveblebi iZulebulni iyvnen
yoveldRiuri saqmianoba ufro frTxilad ewarmoebinaT da xalxis TvalSi
amitomac ar Candnen. Tumca patrulirebas SedarebiT faruli formebiT
ganvagrZobdiT~, _ ganmartavs gaero-s
specialuri warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi, iohan verbeke.
mSvidoba, romelic ar arsebobs
konfliqtur regionebSi da administraciul sazRvrispira teritoriebze 15 ivnisamde gaero-s 135 samxedro damkvirvebeli da 20 policieli
patrulirebda. gaero-s misiis damkvirveblebi uiaraRo samxedro pirebi arian. iaraRis gareSe mSvidobis SenarCuneba sadamkvirveblo meqanizmis
muSaobis mTavari principia. gaero-s
specialuri warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi iohan verbeke ambobs, rom
iaraRiT ver gakeTdeboda is, rac mis
gareSe gakeTda: `uiaraRod moqmedeba
niSnavs imas, rom ver Caerevi mwvave
konfliqtSi an samxedro SetevaSi.
xSirad es rTuli asaxsnelia, magram
sadamkvirveblo meqanizmi iq imisTvis
ar aris, rom damyardes mSvidoba, araliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
med SeinarCunos mSvidoba, romelzec
konfliqtis mxareebi SeTanxmdnen~.
mSvidoba am soflebSi, ukve 18 welia, aRar arsebobs. mosaxleoba ambobs, rom gaero-s misias policiuri mandatic rom hqonoda, ufro efeqturad
SeZlebda maT dacvas. galidan devnili
55 wlis mamakacis azriT, gaero-s mxardaWera yovelTvis mxolod sityvieri
iyo da es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda. `iaraRis gareSe mSvidobis damyareba warmoudgenelia. amitomac Tavi usafrTxod arasdros gvigrZvnia~.
mosaxleoba SiSobs, rom damkvirvebelTa wasvlis Semdeg afxazeTis administraciuli sazRvari maTTvis Caiketeba da mimosvla samudamod Sewydeba.
gaero-s misia adgilobrivebs yvelaze
efeqturad administraciuli sazRvris
gadakveTaSi exmareboda. samegrelodan
engurs gaRma sistematiurad gadadian
da amitom cdiloben, afxazebTan urTierToba ar gaifuWon. ician, rom am
dros maT usafrTxoebas aravin icavs,
magram amboben, rom arc mesazRvreebi
erCian da arc galSi mcxovrebni. gaRma gadasvla fuli Rirs _ 5 qarTuli
lari, an rusuli rublis ekvivalenti.
galidan devnili zaza xurcilava ambobs, rom galSi iSviaTad dadis. `yoveldRe afxazebisTvis misacemi 10 lari
rom mqondes, aq ki ara, SveicariaSi
vicxovrebdi~. `Tu gadavdivarT, mxo-
lod imitom, rom lukma puri viSovoT.
ufro xSirad axalgazrdebi dadian,
ojaxebi rom arCinon. galidan Txili
an xili moaqvT gasayidad. aq samuSao
ar aris, yvelas uWirs materialurad~,
_ amboben administraciuli sazRvris
mimdebare soflebSi.
gaero-s misiis dasrulebis Semdeg
afxazeTis administraciul sazRvarTan erTaderTi saerTaSoriso misia
rCeba. evrokavSiris uiaraRo damkvirveblebi konfliqturi zonebis siaxloves 2008 wlis seqtembridan muSaoben.
Tumca maTi monitoringi calmxrivia,
radgan afxazeTis de-faqto mTavroba
administraciuli sazRvris gadakveTis
uflebas ar aZlevs. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis usafrTxoebis dacvas, savaraudod, verc evrokavSiris monitoringis misia SeZlebs. gaero-s mandatis
dasrulebidan erT kviraSive misias Tavad Seeqmna safrTxe _ 21 ivniss walenjixis raionSi, afxazeTis administraciul
sazRvarTan,
evrokavSiris
dajavSnuli manqanis siaxloves naRmi
afeTqda. saswrafo manqanis mZRoli,
romelic evrokavSiris damkvirveblebs
axlda, saavadmyofoSi gardaicvala. misiis xelmZRvanelma hansiorg haberma
ganacxada, rom winaswari gamoZiebis Sedegebi imaze miuTiTebs, rom incidenti
evrokavSiris monitorebis winaaRmdeg
sagangebod iyo mowyobili.
17
gaero-s misiis soxumis da galis filialebi daiketa
misiis
dasasrulis dasawyisi
afxazeTidan gaero-s misiis gasvla soxumSi ar uxariaT. adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba samuSao adgilebs da humanitarul daxmarebas kargavs, Tumca es
xelisuflebas misiis Zveli saxelwodebiT datovebis fasad ar uRirs >>
anton kriveniuki
UNOMIG-is ofisi, gali
alik Tedeevi, romelic afxazeTis
dedaqalaqTan axlos erT-erT sofelSi cxovrobs, 15 welia, yoveldRe,
zustad 17 saaTze soxumis sastumro
`aitaris~ ezodan manqaniT gamodis.
sastumroSi gaero-s misiis ofisia
ganTavsebuli. WiSkarTan aliks Tanasoflelebi elodebian. maT ician, rom
sazogadoebrivi transportis lodini
aRar mouwevT da saxlSi aliks wayvebian. bolo ramdenime kviraa, saxlisaken gzad gamarTuli yvela saubari
gaero-s misiis daxurvas exeba, romelSic, alikis msgavsad, kidev 200-mde
adgilobrivi iyo dasaqmebuli. misiis
daxurvis gamo, yvela maTgani arcTu
urigo xelfass dakargavs. aliki ukve
eZebs axal samsaxurs. `dRes kidev SeiZleba iSovo samsaxuri, da normaluri
18
anazRaurebiTac, aTi wlis win ki gaero-s xelfasi Zalian didi fuli iyo~,
_ ambobs Tedeevi.
soxumis ofisis `araadgilobrivi~
TanamSromeli, eTiopieli, romelmac
gvaris dasaxeleba ar isurva, aseve
Sewuxebulia, bargis Calageba ase moulodnelad rom mouxda. `Cven mniSvnelovan misias vasrulebdiT, regionSi
mSvidobas uzrunvelvyofdiT. miWirs
afxazeTis datoveba. aq 11 weli vimuSave da Zalian miveCvie Tqven xalxs~,
_ ambobs is. am wlebis ganmavlobaSi
gaero-s misiis saqmianoba afxazeTSi
araerTxel gaukritikebiaT, magram
axla misiis Sewyveta aq aravis gauxarda da mxolod SeSfoTebas iwvevs.
afxazeTSi misiis ori ofisia dabinavebuli _ soxumsa da galSi. soxumis
ofisi jer kidev muSaobs sastumro
`aitaris~ SenobaSi, qalaqis gril,
sakurorto nawilSi. ofisis mopirdapire mxares plaJia, iqvea qalaqSi cnobili restorani, romelic sastumros
saxels atarebs. orive adgils xSirad
stumrobdnen gaero-s TanamSromlebi.
qalaqSi ukve gavrcelda Wori, rom
male gaero-s qonebis grandiozuli
gayidva moewyoba da bevri ukve fulsac amzadebs. vis misiis avtomobilebi
ainteresebs, vis _ kompiuteruli teqnika Zalian dabal fasad.
Tavad sastumro ki Tavis pirdapir
daniSnulebas daibrunebs, turistebs moemsaxureba. Tumca am `pirdapir
daniSnulebaze~ gadasvla misi direqtoris, anatoli golanZias TqmiT,
Zneli iqneba. obieqts gaero-sgan
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
arcTu urigo, stabiluri Semosavali hqonda
da sabazro koniunqturaze aRar iyo orientirebuli. mas Semdeg, rac korpusebis didi
nawili gaero-s misiam 90-ian wlebSi daiqirava, aq Cveulebrivi turistebi aRar SeusaxlebiaT. sastumro `aitari~ arc erT turistul
katalogSi ar SegxvdebaT. `aitars~ Zalian
gauWirdeba konkurencia gauwios axal, Tanamedrove soxumur sastumroebs. sastumros
direqtori male albaT momsaxure personalis nawils daiTxovs.
gaero-s galis ofisi naklebad elituria.
Tumca, Tuki soxumSi yvelam ar icoda, Tu
risTvis iyo saWiro gaero-s misia, galSi mas
didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. `rodesac aTi
wlis winaT, meore devnilobis Semdeg sofelSi davbrundiT, Tan gaero-s didi droSa
CavitaneT da saxlis Tavze davkideT. gveCveneboda, rom ase ufro usafrTxod viyaviT~,
_ ambobs tyvarCelis raionis sofel koxoras
mkvidri. gaero-s galis ofisi adgilobriv
mosaxleobas humanitaruli daxmarebiTac
amaragebda. galis raionis sofel barbegelma
fermerma Temur kalandiam, romelic dRes 5
heqtar miwis nakveTze gadaWimul bostneulis warmatebul meurneobas flobs, swored
gaero-s grantis wyalobiT moaxerxa damwvari
saxlis aRdgena da pirveli nargavis gakvalva. `pirveli fuli 2001 wels miviRe, es jer
kidev rTuli dro iyo, roca galidan Cems soflamde Casvlac ki ar iyo usafrTxo. misiis
TanamSromlebis qceva xSirad makvirvebda _
magaliTad, Cems meurneobaSi Casasvlelad
yovelTvis dajavSnuli jipiT mgzavrobdnen,
me ki Cemi Cveulebrivi sabWoTa manqaniT mivyvebodi gverdiT. albaT fiqrobdnen, rom
me sicocxlis gawirvis ufleba mqonda, maT
_ ara. da mainc, Zalian damexmarnen fexze
dadgomaSi~.
gaero-s misiis afxazeTidan wasvlis gamo,
wuxili gamoTqva prezidentma sergei baRafSmac. `afxazeTSi gaero-s misiam bevri ram gaakeTa viTarebis stabilizaciisa da saomari
moqmedebebis ganuaxleblobisTvis~, _ ganacxada 19 ivniss baRafSma, rodesac afxazeTSi gaero-s saqmianobas afasebda. afxazeTis
sagareo saqmeTa saministrom gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis generalur mdivans ban
ki muns madlobis werilic ki gaugzavna im
`fasdaudebeli wvlilisTvis~, rac gaero-s
damkvirvebelTa misiam Seitana afxazeTis teritoriaze usafrTxoebis SenarCunebis procesSi. `neba miboZeT, gamovxato madliereba
Catarebuli samuSaoebisTvis da im mxardaWerisTvis, rac misiam Cvens respublikas gauwia
misTvis rTul periodSi~, _ aRniSnulia werilSi.
oficialuri soxumi miiCnevs, rom afxazeTidan gaeros-s misiis wasvla usafrTxoebis
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis
damoukideblobis aRiarebisken gadadgmuli
nabijebi 2008 wlis Semdeg:
2008
16.04
ruseTis prezidentma daavala
04.09
nikaraguas prezidentma daniel
saxelmwifo uwyebebs, daamya-
ortegam ganacxada, rom miesal-
ron pirdapiri urTierTobebi
meba ruseTis mier afxazeTisa
afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis
da samxreT oseTis respublike-
de-faqto respublikebis saxel- bis aRiarebas. ortegas TqmiT,
mwifo struqturebTan.
nikaragua aseve aRiarebs ori
de-faqto respublikis damou-
21.08
samxreT oseTisa
kideblobas, Tumca es gada-
da afxazeTis
wyvetileba sabolood qveynis
mosaxleobam damoukideblobis parlamentma unda daamtkicos,
aRiarebis moTxovniT mimarTa
rac dRemde ar momxdara.
ruseTis prezidents dimitri
medvedevs.
25.08
16.12
ruseTis fede-
ruseTma afxazeTsa
da samxreT oseTSi
sakuTari elCebi wargzavna.
raciis sabWom da
saxelmwifo saTaTbirom ruseTis prezidents mimarTa, rom
moexdina afxazeTisa da samxreT
22.12
ruseTma veto
daado euTo-s
misiis gagrZelebas samxreT
oseTis de-faqto respublikebis oseTis teritoriaze. ruseTis
aRiareba da daemyarebina maTTan
mxaris gancxadebiT, euTo-m
diplomatiuri urTierTobebi.
unda gadaxedos axal politikur realobas da Tu survili
26.08
prezidentma
aqvs, misia samxreT oseTis
medvedevma gamosca
damoukidebel respublikaSi
brZaneba ruseTis mier afxazeTis
wargzavnos. euTo-s mier regio-
da samxreT oseTis aRiarebis
nis datovebis Semdeg samxreT
Sesaxeb. man msoflios sxva qveyne- oseTis teritoriaze arc erTi
bsac igive nabijis gadadgmisaken
saerTaSoriso damkvirvebeli
mouwoda.
ar darCa.
2009
18.05
gaero-s generalur-
ruseTma veto daado gaero-s
ma mdivanma ban ki
uSiSroebis sabWos rezolucias,
munma Tavisi angariSis saxelwo-
romelic gaero-s misias saqar-
debidan amoiRo formulireba
TveloSi mandats ugrZelebda.
`afxazeTi, saqarTvelo~. saqarTvelos mTavrobis mtkicebiT, es gadawyvetileba ban ki munma ruseTis
zewolis Sedegad miiRo.
15.06
ruseTma SeimuSava sakuTari
rezolucia, romlis mixedviT,
gaero-s misia afxazeTis teri-
05.06
belarusis prezi-
toriaze muSaobas mxolod imis
dentma lukaSenkom
gaTvaliswinebiT gaagrZelebda,
JurnalistebTan ganacxada,
Tu organizacia afxazeTis
rom ruseTma mas, afxazeTisa da
damoukideblobas aRiarebda. 16
samxreT oseTis damoukideblobis ivnisidan afxazeTis teritoriaaRiarebis sanacvlod, 500 milioni ze moqmedi saerTaSoriso sadaaSS dolaris tranSi SesTavaza.
mkvirveblo saqmianoba Sewyda.
belaruss respublikebi ar
uRiarebia
19
sabWos mudmivi wevri rigi qveynebis
`araSorsmWvreteluri~
politikis
Sedegia. `Cvens Zalisxmevas afxazeTSi gaero-s misiis SenarCunebasTan
dakavSirebiT gaero-s usafrTxoebis
sabWos mxridan saTanado Tanadgoma
da mxardaWera ar mohyolia, ramac
mis Sewyvetamde migviyvana~, _ ganacxada sagareo saqmeTa ministrma
sergei Sambam gaero-s generaluri
mdivnis axla ukve yofil specwarmomadgenelTan, iohan verbekesTan
bolo Sexvedrisas. soxumSi fiqroben, rom is qveynebi, romlebic daTanxmdnen misiis arsebuli saxelwodebiT gagrZelebas, ubralod Tvals
xuWaven imaze, rom misiis statusi da
muSaobis formati aucileblad unda
Secvliliyo mas Semdeg, rac afxazeTis damoukidebloba gaero-s wevrma
orma qveyanam _ ruseTma da nikaraguam aRiara.
`afxazeTi gaagrZelebs saerTaSoriso aRiarebis misaRebad brZolas, da
am pirobebSi dauSvebelia iseTi politikuri viTarebis SenarCuneba, rac
Crdils miayenebs Cven damoukideblobas da dRevandelobis rTul problemebs momaval Taobebs dautovebs
gadasawyvetad~, _ ganacxada afxazeTis uSiSroebis sabWos Tavmjdomarem
stanislav lakobam.
eqspertebi aRniSnaven, rom qarTul-afxazuri urTierTobebis Zalian rTul pirobebSic ki, gaero
mainc axerxebda mxareebs Soris
`cocxali~ molaparakebebis gamarTvas. magaliTad, Tavis droze didi
interesi gamoiwvia qarTuli mxaris
warmomadgenlebis, maT Soris _ daviT baqraZis, giorgi xaindravas da
irakli alasanias vizitebma afxazeTSi, romelic gaero-s egidiT Catarda.
aq fiqroben, rom gaero-s misia afxazeTSi pirvel rigSi imisTvis iyo saWiro, rom msoflioSi araRiarebuli
saxelmwifos Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi
azris swori formulireba moexdina.
`gaero erTaderTi organizacia iyo,
romelic ase mWidrod TanamSromlobda afxazeTTan. misi meSveobiT igebda msoflio CvenTan arsebul realur
situacias. swored misi wyalobiT iyo,
rom Cvenma oponentebma ver moaxerxes
afxazeTis `teroris zonad~ warmoCena~, _ ambobs galeli maswavlebeli
larisa kacia.
gaero-s misiis soxumis ofisis TanamSromlebi amboben, rom misiis mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlebi ukve erT
TveSi gaemgzavrebian. afxazeTis xelisufleba acxadebs, rom mzadaa, ganagrZos gaero-sTan TanamSromloba,
Tumca, jerjerobiT, am TanamSromlobis perspeqtiva ar Cans.
xelisuflebis SeTavazebebi opozicias
TanamSromloba
dialogis gareSe
ratom aRmoCnda xelisuflebis mier opoziciisTvis SeTavazebuli yvela
winadadeba unayofo? sakuTar uars opozicia Zlieri argumentebiT xsnis, magram
xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisTvis `Ria fanjaras” mainc elodeba >>
foto REUTERS / irakli gedeniZe
maia wiklauri
mixeil saakaSvilis Sexvedra opoziciis
liderebTan, 11 maisi 2009
xelisuflebam
arasaparlamento
opozicias dialogi jer kidev saprotesto aqciebis dawyebamde SesTavaza. sityva dialogi aprilis dasawyisidanve gaxda ormxrivi braldebisa
Tu qilikis sababi. opoziciis nawili
dialogisken mowodebas eSmakiseul sacdurad aRiqvamda, nawili ki molaparakebebisTvis SeTavazebul sakiTxebs
`araadekvaturs~ uwodebda. `ra dros
globalur finansur krizisze saubaria, roca qveyanaSi umwvavesi politikuri krizisia? es dacinvaa da ara
dialogi~, _ ambobda maSin eka beselia.
20
bevri WoWmanis Semdeg opoziciis
liderebi maisis dasawyisSi dialogs
daTanxmdnen, oRond mxolod maSin,
roca maTTan Sexvedra prezidentma
moindoma. Sexvedridan gamosulebi
ki erTxmad ambobdnen, rom komunikacia ar Sedga.
„Zalian damTrgunvelia dialogi,
rodesac xedav, rom Sexebis wertilebi verasdros moinaxeba. Cemi da
maTi dialogi albaT dRes damTavrda“, _ ambobda salome zurabiSvili prezidentTan Sexvedris Semdeg.
Tumca, prezidentTan Sexvedra meored mainc Sedga. mixeil saakaSvilma
TavisTan mxolod levan gaCeCilaZe
miiwvia. 9 ivniss Savnabadas rezidenciidan gamosuli gaCeCilaZe aRniSnavda, rom Sexvedra isev uSedego
iyo: „Cveni aRqma realobisa da simarTlisa gansxvavdeba“. misi TqmiT,
erTaderTi sakiTxi, razec man prezidentTan SeTanxmebas miaRwia, iyo
sxvadasxva braldebiT dakavebuli
opoziciuri aqtivistebis saqmeebis
gadaxedva. `warmoidgineT, es Tqva
da ramdenime dReSi, 15 ivniss policiis sammarTvelosTan namdvili
barTlomes Rame mogviwyo~, _ ambobs
Tina xidaSeli. misi TqmiT, swored
aseTi SemTxvevebis bralia, rom xelisuflebasa da opozicias Soris
realur SeTanxmebas perspeqtiva
arasdros hqonia. `ndoba ar gvaqvs.
viciT, rom advilad SeuZlia Tavisi
sityvis gadaTqma~, _ ambobs xidaSeli.
undobloba arc erT mxares ar
aklia. maSin, roca xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebi opoziciis nawils
Riad adanaSauleben ruseTTan farul kavSirSi, prezidenti mTavrobis sxdomaze arasaparlamento opozicias, uSiSroebis sabWos, Sinagan
saqmeTa da iusticiis saministros
muSaobaSi CarTvas sTavazobs. `politikuri gundis saxeliT gancxadebas ver gavakeTeb. Cemi azriT ki,
getyviT, rom opoziciis zogierTi
warmomadgenlis wevroba uSiSroebis sabWoSi qveynis usafrTxoebisTvis sarisko iqneba. roca dadgeba
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
es sakiTxi, me Cems pozicias aucileblad gamovTqvam~, _ ambobs parlamentis wevri giorgi gabaSvili.
prezidentis SeTavazeba ministris moadgileebis Tanamdebobebis
dakavebis Sesaxeb opoziciidan mxolod salome zurabiSvilma miiRo.
`salomem saakaSvilis SeTavazebebis farisevlobis lustracia gadawyvita da naxeT, rom yvelaferi
gacxadda. aranairi seriozuli SeTavazebebi es ar aris~, _ ambobs eka
beselia.
saqme isaa, rom prezidentma opoziciis warmomadgenlebisTvis Tanamdebobebis darigebis Sesaxeb televiziiT mxolod zogadi gancxadeba
gaakeTa. Tanamdebobebze daniSvnis
pirobebi arc mas daukonkretebia
da arc xelisuflebis romelime sxva
warmomadgeneli Sexvedria opozicias am Temaze sasaubrod. prezidentis tele-SeTavazebas zurabiSvilic televiziiT daTanxmda, rasac
`nacionaluri moZraobis~ wevrebis
mier ministris moadgilis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb ganmartebebi mohyva, aseve teleeTeriT. `realurad
Tu ginda, rom Caixedo organos muSaobaSi, politikur oponentad darCe da saqme akeTo, amis paralelurad
ar unda akeTo gancxadebebi, TiTqos
midixar kriminalur bandasTan sabrZolvelad~, _ ganacxada giorgi gabaSvilma. `man konkretul uwyebaSi
unda moagvaros is problemebi, rac
sazogadoebas awuxebs da ara quCaSi.
ar SeiZleba ministris moadgile samsaxuris mere saprotesto aqciaze
gamodiodes~, _ ambobs iuridiuli
komitetis Tavmjdomare pavle kublaSvili.
salome zurabiSvili ki xelisuflebisgan saboloo, werilobiTi pasuxis miRebamde SeTavazebis Sefasebisgan Tavs ikavebs. „me moTminebac
maqvs da sijiutec, velodebi pasuxs.
bevri gancxadeba iyo maTi mxridan
da mgoni, droa, miiRon erToblivi gadawyvetileba“. nino burjanaZe
zurabiSvilis gambedaobas miesalmeba, Tumca Tvlis, rom arsebuli
sistemis Secvla ministris moadgilis Tanamdebobidan SeuZlebelia:
`me parlamentis Tavmjdomare viyavi
da maSin ver SevZeli mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebis gatareba. ministris
moadgiles ki gacilebiT naklebi
SeuZlia~.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
prezidentis iniciativa Tavidanve
uaryves „aliansi saqarTvelosTvis“
wevrebma. `gaxsovT, rogor Tqva, _
maT eqnebaT diiidi kabinetebi. ver
SeZlo bolomde tonalobis SenarCuneba, roca did kabinetebze saubrobda. amiT mxolod is undoda
eCvenebina, rom Cven kabinetebisTvis
vibrZviT~, _ ambobs Tina xidaSeli. is fiqrobs, rom xelisuflebis
mxridan gakeTebuli yvela SeTavazeba fiqtiuria da mxolod politikuri qulebis dawerisTvis aris gamiznuli, pirvel rigSi _ saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebis dasanaxad. xidaSels
magaliTad moaqvs sakonstitucio
komisiis Seqmna.
prezidentis gankargulebiT Seqmnili sakonstitucio komisia arasaparlamento opoziciasTan TanamSromlobis mTavari adgili unda
gamxdariyo, Tumca maTgan uaris miRebis Semdeg komisia umravlesobis
warmomadgenlebiT, saparlamento
opoziciiTa da damoukidebeli eqspertebiT dakompleqtda. xelisuflebam maT, visac radikalebs uwodebs, komisiaSi 10 adgili dauTmo.
saboloo gadawyvetileba siiTi raodenobis 2/3-iT, anu 46 xmiT miiReba. komisiis dakompleqtebis vada
20 ivniss gavida, Tumca es 10 adgili axlac Tavisufalia. komisiis
Tavmjdomaris, avTandil demetraSvilis ganmartebiT, prezidentma specialurad arasaparlamento
opoziciis warmomadgenlebisTvis
es vada oqtombris bolomde gaaxangrZliva. sakonstitucio cvlilebebze samuSaod sul 20 politikuri
partiis warmomadgenelia miwveuli. komisiis 69 wevrma 2009 wlis
bolomde qveynis mTavar kanonSi
cvlilebebis paketi unda SeimuSavos.
Tina xidaSeli ambobs, rom komisia mxolod fasadia. `prezidentma
Tavis gamosvlebSi ukve araerTxel
gamoacxada konkretuli modeli,
romelic mas unda, rom naxos. es
aris _ Zlieri parlamenti, Zlieri
prezidenti da Zlieri sasamarTlo,
anu amerikuli modeli. arsad sxvagan Zlieri prezidenti da Zlieri
parlamenti ar Tanaarsebobs~. Tavad
`aliansi saqarTvelosTvis~ qveynis
saparlamento mowyobis momxrea da
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis sakuTar variants komisiis daskvnis pa-
xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebi
opoziciis nawils
Riad adanaSauleben
ruseTTan farul
kavSirSi, prezidenti
ki mTavrobis sxdomaze
arasaparlamento
opozicias, uSiSroebis
sabWos, Sinagan saqmeTa
da iusticiis saministros
muSaobaSi CarTvas
sTavazobs.
ralelurad warudgens sazogadoebas.
20 ivniss prezidentma arasaparlamento opozicias kidev erTi teleSeTavazebiT mimarTa. saRamos ToqSouSi stumrobisas man deputatis
mandatebis dabruneba opoziciis im
wevrebs SesTavaza, vinc, protestis
niSnad, am mandatze 2008 wlis maisis
arCevnebis Semdeg Tqva uari. SeTavazebas jerjerobiT arc erTi yofili deputati ar daTanxmebia.
opoziciaSi kmayofilebiT aRniSnaven, rom xelisuflebis winadadebebSi mzardi dinamikaa. Semdegi nabiji,
politikosebis TqmiT, am SeTavazebebis sandoobaSi darwmunebaa. amisaTvis ki opoziciis nawili molaparakebebSi
saerTaSoriso
damkvirveblebis CarTvas miiCnevs aucileblad. gaerTianebul opoziciaSi ar aris erTiani azri imis Sesaxeb,
Tu xelisuflebis ra SeTavazeba iqneba maTTvis misaRebi da adekvaturi.
yvelaze radikaluri nawili isev
mxolod prezidentis posts iTxovs.
SedarebiT zomieria irakli alasanias gundis pozicia: `imitom varT
politikosebi da ara meomrebi, rom
unda SegveZlos grZelvadiani brZolac da maraTonuli sirbilic. rogorc ki davinaxavT, rom gamoCnda
Ria fanjara xelisuflebasTan realuri TanamSromlobisTvis, Tavs ar
SevikavebT, Tundac es nabiji arapopularuli iyos~, _ ambobs `liberalTan~ interviuSi Tina xidaSeli.
21
Tvalsazrisi
martoxela ruseTi
ruseTis warmomadgenlis Curkinis Secbuneba
aleqsandre (kaxa) lomaia
gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciasTan
saqarTvelos mudmivi
warmomadgeneli
15 ivnisis saRamos advilad aixsneboda. man
diplomatiis erT-erTi fundamenturi wesi
daarRvia. aleqsandre (kaxa) lomaia
wesi _ `marto nu darCebi!~ diplomats mouwodebs, gamud- saqarTvelos amocana iqneba pirvelis Semcireba da meores
gamoyeneba.
mebiT eZebdes da poulobdes mokavSireebs, qmnides axal an
axali viTareba axal strategias moiTxovs. ikveTeba am
uerTdebodes arsebul koaliciebs. saqarTvelos teristrategiis zogierTi elementi: okupirebul teritoriebze
toriuli mTlianobis xelyofisTvis uSiSroebis sabWoSi
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso monitoringis daweseba,
ruseTma mokavSireebi unayofod eZeba. man es diplomatiur
evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis gaZliereba da Cvens
_ politikuri raundi 10 - 1 waago. Cveni teritoriuli
teritoriaze rusuli jaris yofnisTvis okupaciis kvalimTlianobis mxardamWer rezolucias xma misces: aSS-m, difikaciis miniWeba.
dma britaneTma, safrangeTma, TurqeTma, iaponiam, meqsikam,
okupirebul teritoriebze adamianis uflebaTa moxorvatiam, avstriam, burkina-fasom da kosta rikam. sawinanitoringis moTxovna efuZneba rogorc universalur,
aRmdego pozicias, ruseTis garda, aravin.
aseve konkretul samarTlebriv safuZvels: 2008 wlis 12
msofliom izolirebuli ruseTi dainaxa. bolo 14 wlis
agvistos SeTanxmebiT, ruseTma ivaldebula, xeli Seuwyos
ganmavlobaSi ruseTma vetos ufleba mxolod meoTxed
humanitaruli misiebis Seuferxebel muSaobas. monitoringamoiyena.
gis ganxorcieleba SeuZliaT, rogorc
ruseTis diplomatiuri
gaero-s struqturebs, magaliTad,
marcxi samma faqtorma ganaUNHCR, Unicef, UNDP, agreTve arasamTapiroba.
vrobo organizaciebs _ saerTaSoriso
pirveli: aSS-s axali adwiTeli jvari, Human Rights Watch,
ministracia ruseTTan Ria
Amnesty International, ICG da sxv.
konfrontacias ar moerida.
evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis
ormagad mniSvnelovania, rom
gaZlierebis motivacia: aqamde moqmedi
es xdeba moskovSi prezident
sami saerTaSoriso misiidan igi erTaobamas vizitamde. Tu amas
derTia, romelzec ruseTs pirdapiri
davumatebT aSS-saqarTvelos
zegavlenis berketebi ar gaaCnia. misiis
strategiuli TanamSromloruseTis mudmivi
warmomadgeneli gaeroSi vitali
efeqturobas aamaRlebda misi ukeTesi
bis komitetis dafuZnebas
Curkini adebs vetos gaeros
teqnikuri aRWurva (risi SesaZlebloda vice-prezident baiderezolucias, 15 ivnisi 2009
bac misiis mandatiT aris gaTvaliswinenis saqarTveloSi vizitis
buli) da raodenobrivi gaZliereba, maT
gamocxadebas, kremlisadmi
Soris, kavSiris arawevri saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebiT.
gzavnili naTelia _ amerikis strategiuli mokavSireebis
gaero-s misiis dasrulebam samarTlebrivi viTareba Cvens
erovnuli interesebi ruseTTan urTierTobebis normalisasargeblod `gaamartiva~ _ mas aRar abundovanebs moskovis
zaciaSi ar icvleba.
`samSvidobo~ SeTanxmeba da rusi `samSvidoboebi~. gamoimeore: saqarTvelos megobarTa jgufis evropeli wevrekveTa, rom arsebobs qveyana, Tavis saerTaSorisod cnobil
bis konsolidirebuli pozicia.
sazRvrebSi, romlis teritoriaze, misi mTavrobis nebis
mesame: saqarTvelos erTdrouli simtkice da moqniloba,
sawinaaRmdegod da saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli safuZvlis
ramac, sayovelTao aRiarebiT, gazarda Cveni qveynis, rogareSe, imyofeba ucxo qveynis aTasobiT jariskaci. rusuli
gorc saimedo partnioris saerTaSoriso avtoriteti.
samxedro yofnis okupaciad SefasebisTvis gamosayenebelia
saqarTvelos da mis megobrebs undodaT, afxazeTSi emuiseTi saerTaSoriso forumebi, rogoricaa gaero-s genasamSava gaero-s iseT misias, romelic daakvirdeboda rusuli
blea, evroparlamenti, euTo-s, nato-s da evropis sabWos
saokupacio jarebis gayvanas da uzrunvelyofda devnilTa
saparlamento asambleebi da erovnuli parlamentebi.
Rirseul dabrunebas.
axali strategiis ganxorcieleba urTules politikur
axali viTareba am miznis sxva gzebiT miRwevis SesaZleda diplomatiur Zalisxmevas da dros moiTxovs. magram,
blobas iZleva.
jildoc didia. yvelaferTan erTad, misi warmatebuli
gaero-s da euTo-s misiebi Cveni qveynis atributi iyo.
ganxorcieleba martoxela ruseTis diplomatebsa da
isini TiTqmis imdenive xania arseboben, rac damoukidepolitikosebs _ SecbunebisTvis, xolo saqarTvelos da mis
blebi varT. male es ase aRar iqneba. iseve, rogorc yvela
megobrebs kmayofilebisTvis kidev erT mizezs miscems.
cvlilebas, am cvlilebasac mohyveba rogorc riskebi,
aseve SesaZleblobebi. uaxloesi periodis ganmavlobaSi
22
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
WWW.LIBERALI.GE
fokusi
arCevnebi iranSi
Teirani 2009 ahmadineJadis
arCevnebi
demonstrantebi aprotesteben iranis saprezideto
arCvenebis Sedegebs, niu-iorki, 19 ivnisi 2009
24
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
iranis opoziciis
momxreebis azriT,
sulierma liderma
ali hameneim
arCevani xalxisa
da samarTlianobis
winaaRmdeg gaakeTa.
hameneis mier
ahmadineJadis
mxardaWeris miRma
xalxis nawili
garigebas xedavs.
foto REUTERS / lukas jeksoni
leqso Cqareuli
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
25
oriode kviris win iranis islamur
respublikaSi Catarebulma saprezidento arCevnebma da misma Sedegebma
mosaxleobis iseTi ukmayofileba aagora, rom qveynis dedaqalaqSi 1979
wlis islamuri revoluciidan dRemde yvelaze masStaburi saprotesto
aqciebi imarTeba. oficialuri monacemebiT, policiasa da aqciebis monawileebis dapirispirebis Sedegad 10
adamiani daiRupa. xalxis ukmayofileba arCevnebis totalurma gayalbebam
gamoiwvia, romelSi gamarjvebulad
kvlavac islamuri respublikis wina
prezidenti mahmud ahmadineJadi gamocxadda.
ahmadineJadis gamarjveba wina saprezidento arCevnebSic ki bevrisTvis moulodneloba iyo, Tumca maSin
man am postze `reformatori~ xaTami
Secvala da raRac gamarTleba mainc
moeZebneboda am cvlilebas. ahmadineJadma da konservatiuli xazis
momxreebma maSin xaTamis politikis
yvela marcxi warmatebiT gamoiyenes
da qveynis ekonomikuri situaciis
xelSesaxebi gauareseba liberaluri
ideebis sataniseul gavlenas daabrales. am fonze, mosaxleobis dabali
fenebidan gamosulma ahmadineJadma,
romlis msgavs oratorul niWsac
Zalze cota adamiani Tu flobs, moaxerxa daerwmunebina iranuli eleqtorati, rom qveynis xsna revoluciuri
ideebis ganuxrel erTgulebaSi unda
moeZebnaT.
liberalizmis sawinaaRmdego lozungebma maSin mosaxleobis dabal
fenebze warmatebiT imuSava, radgan
mxolod inteligencia xvdeboda, ras
warmoadgenda realurad xaTamis mier
warmarTuli sagareo Tu saSinao politika. Cveulebriv adamianebs ki gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas _ yvela qveya-
erTi, rasac ahmadineJadma
marTlac SesaniSnavad
auRo alRo, qveynis
faqtobriv mmarTvel
finansur klanebTan misi
urTierTobebia. is am
klanebis mZevalia da Tu
maT nebas ar gaatarebs,
urCevnia Tanamdebobas
gamoemSvidobos.
26
nasa da, miT ufro iranSi _ sakvebi
produqtebis siiafe urCevniaT. amitom SesaZlebelia, wina arCevnebic
mniSvnelovnad gayalbda, magram oTxi
wlis win sazogadoebas amaze mwvave
reaqcia ar hqonia; piriqiT, TeiranSi
xSirad SexvdebodiT adamianTa jgufebs, romelTac gulwrfelad sjerodaT axali prezidentisa da mas TiTqmis yvelaferSi endobodnen.
ndoba ganpirobebuli iyo ubralo
xalxTan mahmud ahmadineJadis mier sagangebod aqcentirebuli siaxloviT.
prezidents aqvs unari, ilaparakos
martivad, sadad, yvelasaTvis gasagebi eniT; maSin, roca xaTamis gamosvlebs yovelTvis aCnda wignierebidan
wamosuli filosofiur-Teologiuri
simZimis daRi.
SavCalmiani anu seiedi, ese igi, islamis winaswarmetyvelis muhamadis
Camomavali xaTami, marTalia, xalxSi
sasuliero tansacmliT Cndeboda, magram Tma-wveri mudam lamazad hqonda SekreWili da samosic sagangebod
dauToebuli ecva. saxeze aristokratuli fufunebis naTeli efina da
rTuli _ Tanwyobili da qvewyobili
winadadebebiT laparakobda. laparakisas xSirad iSveliebda citatebs
arabuli Tu sparsuli wignebidan.
xolo misi imijmeikerebi xazs sagangebod usvamdnen, rom prezidentma oTxi
evropuli ena, maT Soris inglisuri,
wyaliviT icoda.
deklarirebuli ideebis doneze xaTamis araferi daewuneboda, magram,
rogorc amboben, piradi urTierTobisas Canda, ra saSinel xiblSi iyo
Cavardnili da rogor ampartavnulad tkbeboda Tavisi aristokratuli RirsebebiT. ampartavnebas, rac
SeiZleba iranelTa saerToerovnul
Tvisebadac ganvixiloT, didad arc
mahmud ahmadineJadi isaklisebs, magram am kacSi, xaTamisagan gansxvavebiT, aris is plebeuri guliTadobac,
rac masaze momnusxvelad moqmedebs.
am guliTadobis Semadgeneli nawilia
arCeuli prezidentis Cacmuloba da
iersaxe. ahmadineJadi iranSi Sekerili kostiumiT dadis, wveri mudmivad
sami-oTxi dRis gauparsavs ugavs da
Zalze iSviaTad acvia daulaqavebeli
perangebi. fexsacmels ki, romelsac
mtvris sakmaod sqeli fena ufaravs,
pirvelive SesaZleblobisTanave ixdis
sajarod, xalxis TandaswrebiT.
ahmadineJadis Cacmulobis mizania,
ara imdenad garemosTan Sexameba, ramdenadac ubralo masebisaTvis gankuTvnili erTi magiuri mesiji: mec erTi
Tqvengani var, Cveulebrivze Cveulebrivi kaci, Tumca Cvens qveyanaSi damkvidrebulma samarTlianma sistemam
saSualeba momca, Cemi niWiTa da mondomebiT damekavebina umaRlesi posti, gadamelaxa mosaxleobis fenebs
Soris arsebuli yvelanairi socialuri winaaRmdegoba da Tqven sakeTildReod qveynis saTaveSi movsuliyavi.
iluzia arCevnebidan ramdenime TveSi daimsxvra, radgan nel-nela cxadi
gaxda, rom `glexis biWi~ mmarTvelad
ar vargoda, radganac saerTaSoriso
sarbielisTvis aucilebeli `mefuri
manerebi~ misTvis Tavis droze aravis
eswavlebina. garda amisa, samefo karze man gars Tavisi `megobari mwyemsebi~ Semoikriba da amiT aristokratia
da politikuri istabliSmenti samudamod gaagulisa.
mmarTveli fenebis gaRizianebas
male ubralo xalxis ukmayofilebac daemata, radgan ahmadineJadis
prezidentobis periodSi ganuxrelad mzardma ekonomikurma krizisma da inflaciam kritikul niSnuls
miaRwia. Tu xorci 10 wlis win daaxloebiT ornaxevari dolari Rirda,
dRes misi fasi TiTqmis 6-7 dolaria.
katastrofulad gaZvirda kvebis sxva
produqtebi da pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi. krizisis SesaCereblad
ki, Tundac Tavisi renomes gadarCenis mizniT, mTavrobam bevri veraferi
iRona. gaizarda umuSevroba da siRatake: Tu wlebis win Teiranis quCebSi
maTxovars versad SexvdebodiT, axla
quCebi savsea mawanwala bavSvebiTa da
upatrono moxucebiT, qveyanaSi yvavis
prostitucia da narkobiznesi.
umuSevrobis damangreveli talRis
SeCerebas ahmadineJadis xelisufleba
isedac metismetad gaberili saxelmwifo struqturebis gazrdiT Seecada. am mcdelobam imdenad kuriozuli saxe miiRo, rom cota xnis winaT
qveyanaSi `molodinis saministro~ daarsda. am saministrom, iranuli oficiozis gancxadebiT, `unda moamzados
niadagi gauCinarebuli imamis Rirseuli daxvedrisTvis~. saqme isaa, rom
oficialuri irani e. w. `12-imamiani
Siizmis~ aRmsarebelia. tradiciis mixedviT, ukanaskneli, me-12 imami mahdi
gauCinarda da, xalxis rwmeniT, igi
alahma zecaSi cocxlad aiyvana. imam
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto 01/02 REUTERS / morteza nikubazli,
03 REUTERS /karen firuzi
01
01/ iraneli qali
ahmadineJadis
plakatis win
mahdis gamoCena ki, Siitebis rwmeniT,
qveynierebis dasasruls moaswavebs da amis Semdgom gankiTxvis dRe
daiwyeba. ahmadineJadi gulmxurvale
Siitia. is Tavis gamosvlebSi mudmivad cdilobs, urTules Teologiur
sakiTxebs SeeWidos, Tumca teqnikuri ganaTlebis prezidents aSkarad
ar hyofnis sasuliero codna da
amitomac, im maradiul problemebs,
rasac iranuli humanitaruli azrovneba, saukuneebia, warmatebiT svams
da gadaWris, mahmud ahmadineJadi savsebiT pragmatul da miwier planSi
gaiazrebs. rogorc Cans, prezidentis apokalipsuri SegrZnebebi sruliad sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisaTvis,
rom absoluturad seriozuli saxelmwifo struqtura e. w. `molodinis saministro~ daearsebina.
erTi, rasac ahmadineJadma marTlac SesaniSnavad auRo alRo, qveynis faqtobriv mmarTvel finansur
klanebTan misi SesaSuri urTierTobebia. Tavis droze islamuri revoluciis erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli lozungi iyo is, rom qveynis
simdidre xalxis xelSi unda gadasuliyo. sasuliero fena am sakiTxs
Sahis winaaRmdeg agitaciaSi aqtiurad iyenebda da xalxs eubneboda,
rom maTi ekonomikuri siduxWire
Sahis araswori ekonomikuri politikiT iyo ganpirobebuli. erTi mxriv,
samefo ojaxis astronomiuli danaxarjebi, meore mxriv ki, qveynis yvela ZiriTadi bunebrivi simdidris
ucxoelebis (inglisisa da amerikis)
xelSi koncentracia iranelTa farTo fenebis nivTier siduxWires da
mxolod mmarTvel elitasTan daaxloebuli pirebis araadekvatur
gamdidrebas iwvevda. islamuri revoluciis liderebi, maTi gamarjve-
02
02/ ahmadineJadi
da mohamad jahrabi, Teirani 2009
03/ ahmadineJadi
saarCevno kampaniis dros, Teirani
2009
03
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
27
2008 wlis agvistoSi, Sanhais TanamSromlobis organizaciis samitze,
tajikeTSi, iranis prezidentma mahmud
ahmadineJadma Tqva, _ ruseTsa da irans
saerTo mtrebi hyavT, romelTac ar surT
am ori qveynis gaZliereba.
sadavo da sisxliani saprezidento
arCevnebis Semdeg ahmadineJadi pirveli
oficialuri vizitiT ruseTSi, amave organizaciis samitze Cavida.
TeiranSi mimdinare milioniani saprotesto aqciebis paralelurad, pakistanis
samxedro dajgufebis `hamasis~ Semdeg
medvedevi pirveli iyo, vinc mahmud ahmadineJads arCevnebis Sedegebi miuloca.
23 ivniss arabuli saxelmwifoebis ligis Sexvedraze gamosvlisas dimitri medvedevma Tavis mxriv dasavleTs mouwoda,
_ `ar moaxvion demokratia Tavs~ islamur
qveynebs. `islamuri samyarosgan bevri
ramis swavla SeiZleba, amitom mentoroba,
demokratizacia da, miT umetes, pirdapiri
Careva garedan, absoluturad dauSvebelia~, - ganacxada ruseTis federaciis
prezidentma.
isini, visac mahmud ahmadineJadi da
dimitri medvedevi `gare Zalebad~ moixsenieben, axla saprotesto aqciebis monawileebis mimarT gamovlenili gansakuTrebuli sisastikisTvis akritikeben iranis
mTavrobas. aSS-s prezidentis barak obamas,
britaneTis sagareo uwyebisa da evrokavSiris gancxadebebis Semdeg iranis arCevnebis
Sedegebze poziciis dafiqsireba ruseTma
kidev erTxel CaTvala saWirod.
`darwmunebulebi varT, rom yvela sakiTxi, romelic Semdgar arCevnebs ukavSirdeba, unda gadawydes iranuli kanonebiT,
im procedurebis Sesabamisad, rasac es
kanonebi iTvaliswinebs. rogorc me mesmis,
swored es xdeba axla iq~, _ ganacxada ruseTis federaciis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma
sergei lavrovma 25 ivniss. man daadastura,
rom ruseTi gamarTlebulad miiCnevs arCevnebis Semdeg Teiranis mier miRebul yvela
gadawyvetilebas.
ruseTis garda, ahmadineJads arCevnebSi
gamarjveba miuloces CrdiloeT koreisa
da venesuelas liderebma. ugo Cavesis
TqmiT, iranis areulobis ukan amerikisa
da dasavleT evropis qveynebis sadazvervo
samsaxurebi dgas.
28
foto 01 REUTERS / damir saRolji,
02 REUTERS /ahmad jadalaxi
ruseTma
ahmadineJadi
airCia
01
02
01/ahmadineJadis
mxardamWeri,
Teirani 2009
02/ mir hosein musavis
mxardamWerebi policiasTan Setakebisas,
Teirani 2009
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
bis SemTxvevaSi, am simdidris xalxisaTvis gadacemis pirobas iZleodnen.
`revolucia garantias gaZlevT,
_ ambobdnen isini, _ Tqveni qveynis
simdidre Tqvensave ojaxebs moaxmaroT. cota xanSi CvenTan aRar iqneba ubinao, gaWirvebuli da mSieri
adamiani. irans mxolod is navTobi
acxovrebs, axla rom daukiTxavad
gadis qveynis gareT da Calis fasad iyideba~! xalxma gulubryvilod
daujera am mowodebas. revoluciis
pirvel xanebSi marTlac seriozuli
nabijebi gadaidga erovnul simdidreTa nacionalizaciis mimarTulebiT. Tumca male yvela msxvili biznesi xelisuflebasTan asocirebuli
danaSaulebrivi klanebis xelSi gadavida. dRemde arsebobs ramdenime
seriozuli klani, romelTagan TiToeuli garkveul Semosavlian sferos akontrolebs.
magaliTad, amboben, rom navTobisa
da fstis (bustuRis) ZiriTadi wili
iranis islamuri respublikis yofili prezidentis haSemi rafsanjanis
kuTvnilebaa. am da kidev sxva mafiozuri warmonaqmnebis TareSma da
Crdilovanma finansurma manipulaciebma qveynis ekonomika iseT dReSi
Caagdo, rom TavisTavad umdidresi
potencialis irani lamis totalur
siRatakemde miiyvana. qveynis prezidenti, praqtikulad, am klanebis mZevalia da Tu maT nebas ar gaatarebs,
urCevnia Tanamdebobas TviTonve auRelveblad gamoemSvidobos.
mahmud ahmadineJads, romelsac dasawyisSi haSemi rafsanjanis klanTan
hqonda sakmaod mwvave da seriozuli
uTanxmoeba, axla misgan aRaraviTari
safrTxe ar emuqreba. ahmadineJadma
yvela gavlenian mafiozTan megobruli urTierTobebi daamyara. aman
ki didwilad ganapiroba mis mimarT
qveynis sulieri lideris ali xameneis keTilganwyobac.
es keTilganwyoba kargad gamoCnda
12 ivnisis arCevnebis Semdeg, roca
ahmadineJadis erTaderT seriozul
damcvelad da qomagad mxolod ali
xamenei mogvevlina. xameneim gamoacxada, rom saprezidento arCevnebi
samarTlianad Catarda, misi Sedegebi
sabolooa da gadasinjvas ar eqvemdebareba. iranis sulieri lideris
da yofili politikuri partnioris
mxardaWeris imedi opoziciur kandidat musavisac hqonda. Tumca, roliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
gorc Cans, xameneim, pirwmindad pragmatuli mosazrebebiT, Zvel, erTgul
TanamebrZols ahmadineJadis Tavi
amjobina.
arCevnebis monacemebis gamoqveynebas maSinve mohyva didi ukmayofileba da saerTo saxalxo mRelvareba.
protesti Teiranidan daiwyo, sadac
ahmadineJads praqtikulad gamarjvebis araviTari Sansi ar gaaCnda da saarCevno komisiis mier gavrcelebuli
informacia TeTri ZafiT nakers waagavda. Teiranis sxvadasxva wreSi da
saerTod iranSi wels ufro popularuli iyo mir hosein musavi, romelsac mosaxleoba, Zveli damsaxurebebisa da gonivrulad warmarTuli
saarCevno kampaniis gamo, didad endoboda da afasebda.
am fonze ahmadineJadi srul politikur bankrotad gamoiyureboda:
inteligencia da qveynis moazrovne
nawili mas ver iRebda da ver iRebs
Tavisi zedmetad `xalxuri~, ufro
zustad ki plebeuri azrovnebis
gamo, xolo xalxs ar uyvars imitom, rom misi prezidentobis ganmavlobaSi iranSi cxovreba aTaswilad
ufro gaZvirda da gaZnelda. amitomac arCevnebis Sedegebis gamocxadebidan meore dRes Teiranis mTavar moedanze Tavi uamravma xalxma
moiyara. opoziciurad ganwyobili
masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebis cnobiT, am saprotesto aqciaSi
daaxloebiT or milionamde adamiani monawileobda.
amis sapirispirod, meore dRes
mahmud ahmadineJadma Tavisi momxre
amomrCevlebi Sekriba da oficialuri wyaroebi amtkicebdnen, rom
am Sekrebas 2 milion 500 000 kaci
eswreboda. arCevnebis pirvel dReebSi Teirani masobriv erovnul dapirispirebasa da samoqalaqo oms lamis
saswaulis ZaliT gadaurCa. swored
am dapirispirebis gansamuxtad xalxi
qveynis umaRlesi sasuliero lideris ganaCens eloda.
ali xameneis msjavrs eloda saprezidento arCevnebSi damarcxebuli
ori mTavari kandidatic _ mir hosein musavi da mohsen rezai. am kandidatebs seriozuli eleqtorati
hyavdaT da amitomac, ahmadineJadis
65-procentiani gamarjveba, maTi TqmiT, xalxis winaSe yvelanair zneobriv movaleobaze uaris Tqma iyo.
xameneis mier poziciis dafiqsire-
bis Semdeg mohsen rezaim, romelmac,
oficialuri monacemebiT, 680,000 xma
moipova, arCevnebis gayalbebis braldeba moxsna. Tumca, al xameneis mier
ahmadineJadis mxardaWeram sulieri
lideris avtoriteti mniSvnelovnad
Searyia da qveyana kidev erTxel moicva masobrivma saprotesto aqciebma.
am etapze kritikis talRa araimdenad ahmadineJadis, ramdenadac umaRlesi sasuliero xelisuflisadmi
iyo mimarTuli.
xalxma ali xameneis 30 wlis winaT
yumis Teologiur akademiaSi Tavisi gamosvlis teqsti Seaxsena, sadac
ambobda: `Sahis codva is iyo, rom
amtkicebda, _ mTavaria, me ras vityvi
da ara is, rac xalxs swadiao! dRes
vinc am meTods gaimeorebs, saZulvel da gasakicx saqmes Caidens!~ iranul presaSi gaCnda manamde am qveynisaTvis uCveulo, sulieri lideris
misamarTiT gamoTqmuli kritikuli
mosazrebebi da ukmayofilo SeniSvnebi. aRmoCnda, rom sulieri lideris ganwyoba dRevandel iranSi ukve
sulac ar gulisxmobs imas, rom xalxic mTlianad asevea ganwyobili.
ali xamenei ki, rogorc Cans, am
mRelvarebas mSvidad uyurebs da acxadebs, rom es saprotesto talRa ucxo
Zalebis, konkretulad ki, inglisis
mier aris organizebuli. iranis sulierma liderma swored am gamosvlisas ganacxada: `nuravis egoneba, rom
irani saqarTveloa!~
al xameneis mier
ahmadineJadis
mxardaWeram sulieri
lideris avtoriteti
mniSvnelovnad Searyia
da qveyana kidev erTxel
moicva masobrivma
saprotesto aqciebma.
am etapze kritikis
talRa araimdenad
ahmadineJadis, ramdenadac
umaRlesi sasuliero
xelisuflisadmi iyo
mimarTuli.
29
politikuri kandidatebi
vin
aris ahmadineJadis opozicia
iranis arCevnebSi tradicionalistebisa da reformatorebis brZola am
ukanasknelebis damarcxebiT dasrulda >>
leqso Cqareuli
foto REUTERS / damir saRolji
mxardamWeri mir
hosein musavis
plakatiT xelSi,
Teirani 2009
iranis islamuri respublikis konstituciisa da saarCevno kanonis Tanaxmad, arCevnebSi Tavisi kandidaturis
wamoyeneba 35 wels zemoT qveynis yvela moqalaqes SeuZlia. oficialur saarCevno turSi kandidatebs vizirebas
qveynis umaRlesi mmarTveli organo e.
w. `islamuri revoluciis guSagTa sabWo~ aZlevs, romelic 12 wevriT aris
dakompleqtebuli da masSi religiuri
wridan gamosuli, pativsacemi da islamuri revoluciisa Tu respublikis
winaSe didi damsaxurebis mqone adamianebi erTiandebian.
2009 wlis 12 ivniss Catarebul saprezidento arCevnebs iranis islamuri
respublikis rigiT meSvide prezidenti
unda gamoevlina, romelsac oTxwliani uflebamosilebis vada mzis hijris
30
kalendris 1388 wlis 12 mordads anu
2009 wlis agvistoSi daewyeba. arCevnebamde TiTqmis erTi wliT adre ki
daiwyo winasaarCevno cieb-cxeleba _
erTmaneTs iranuli sazogadoebis ori
frTa, e. w. `tradicionalistebi~ da
`reformatorebi~ erkinebodnen.
reformatoruli frTidan kandidaturebi prezidentobis xuTma msurvelma wamoayena:
1. qalbatonma masume ebTeqarma _
Teiranis saqalaqo sabWos reformatorma wevrma da garemos dacvis komitetis yofilma Tavmjdomarem.
2. abdol-lah nurim _ prezident haSemi rafsanjanis pirveli mTavrobisa
da prezident mohamad xaTamis mTavrobis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, romelic
sxvadasxva dros aseve iyo Teiranis
saqalaqo sabWos wevri da opoziciuri gazeTis `xordad~ pasuxismgebeli
direqtori. `islamuri revoluciis
guSagTa sabWos~ mier misi kandidaturis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi, mosalodneli iyo esargebla e. w. `erTianobis
ganmtkicebis biurosa~ da `revoluciis
mebrZolTa organizaciis~ mxardaWeriT. sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili
am kacs prezident xaTamis alternativad miiCnevda da albaT swored amitom,
roca Tavisi kandidatura xaTamimac
wamoayena, abdol-lah nuri arCevnebs
sakuTari nebiT gamoeTiSa.
3. mohsen mehr alizadem _ fizikuri
aRzrdis centris yofilma Tavmjdomarem da wina saprezidento arCevnebis
erT-erTma kandidatma.
4. mohamad xaTamim _ iranis islamuri
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
respublikis yofilma prezidentma. man
ramdenime winasaarCevno Sexvedra gamarTa regionebis mosaxleobasTan, Tumca daaxloebiT erT TveSi TviTonve
moxsna sakuTari kandidatura.
5. qalbatonma azam Taleyanim _ pirveli mowvevis islamuri parlamentis
wevrma da islamuri revoluciis qalTa
sazogadoebis generalurma mdivanma.
kandidaturis wardgenisas qalbatoni Taleyani acxadebda, rom am nabijis
gadadgoma qveynis saarCevno kanonis
diskriminaciulma interpretaciam aiZula. Taleyani gulisxmobda saarCevno
kanonis im muxls, romlis Tanaxmadac,
saprezidento kandidati `politikisa
da religiis kacTa rigebs unda ekuTvnodes~. `politikisa da religiis kacni~ am konteqstSi, cxadia, politikur
anda religiur moRvawes gulisxmobs,
Tumca SeiZleba misi imgvari interpretaciac, rom qalebs saprezidento arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba ar aqvT
da kandidaturis wamoyeneba mxolod
mamakacTa prerogativaa. azam Taleyani
acxadebda, rom kandidaturis wamoyeneba am diskriminaciuli kanonis, ufro
sworad, kanonis diskriminaciuli interpretaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis
survilma gadaawyvetina. sxvaTa Soris,
man es wina saprezidento arCevnebis
drosac gaakeTa, magram `islamuri revoluciis guSagTa sabWom~ misi kandidatura oficialur arCevnebamde ar
miuSva.
`tradicionalistebis~ pirobiTi dajgufebidan wels, mahmud ahmadineJadis garda, Semdegi kandidaturebi mogvevlinen:
1. ali aqbar vilaiaTi _ qveynis sulieri lideris ali xameneis mrCeveli
saerTaSoriso sakiTxebSi.
2. mohamad reza bahonari _ man meSvide mowvevis parlamentSi daaarsa
fraqcia `progresi da samarTlianoba~,
riTac, eqspertTa varaudiT, saprezidento arCevnebSi misi gamarjvebis Sansi gaormagda. Tumca mogvianebiT, roca
misi disSvili _ mojTaba samare haSemi
_ mahmud ahmadineJadis saarCevno Stabis ufrosad dainiSna, naTeli gaxda,
rom arCevnebSi seriozuli miznebi ar
amoZravebda.
3. mohamad jahrabi _ qveynis mecxre
mTavrobis Sromisa da sazogadoebriv
saqmeTa ministri, romelmac ganacxada,
rom Tavis kandidaturas im SemTxvevaSi wamoayenebda, Tuki Seiqneboda xelsayreli pirobebi.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
4. mohamad bayer yalibafi _ Teiranis
meri da wina saprezidento arCevnebis
erT-erTi kandidati.
`islamuri revoluciisa da ZiriTadi
kanonis guSagTa sabWoSi~ ganxilvis Semdeg, arCevnebSi oficialurad dauSves
oTxi kandidati:
1. mahmud ahmadineJadi
2. mir hosein musavi
3. mehdi qarubi
4. mohsen rezai.
am oTxi kandidatidan asakiT yvelaze ufrosi mehdi qarubi daibada 1937
wels aligudarzeSi, miRebuli aqvs
umaRlesi sasuliero ganaTleba da
sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobda umniSvnelovanes saxelmwifo da religiur
postebze. 1989-1992 da 2000-2004 wlebSi qarubi islamuri sakonsultacio
asambleis Tavmjdomare iyo. is 2004
wels saparlamento arCevnebSic monawileobda, Tumca meore turi ver gaiara. mejlisis wevrobamde is eqspertTa
sabWos wevri da umaRlesi sasuliero
lideris piradi mrCeveli iyo.
2005 wels qarubim saprezidento
arCevnebSi miiRo monawileoba. maSin
misi kandidatura reformistTa partiam, kerZod ki, yofili prezidentis
ali haSemi rafsanjanis gundma wamoayena. qarubi arCevnebSi ahmadineJadTan metoqeobisas damarcxda. maSinac, arCevnebis meore dRes qarubim
ahmadineJadi da qveynis umaRlesi sulieri lideris vaJi, mojTaba xamenei,
xmis daTvlisas maqinaciebis gamoyenebasa da saarCevno organoebze zewo-
wlevandeli arCevnebis yvelaze kolorituli kandidati mohsen rezai
iyo. es kaci 1954 wels daibada iranis
provinciis xuzestanis sofel masjedsoleimanSi. sxvadasxva dros muSaobda
sxvadasxva samxedro Tanamdebobaze.
bolo xanebSi ki iyo samxedro sargebelTa erovnuli sabWos mdivani. iranerayis omis dros, ufro zustad ki
1981-1997 wlebSi, meTaurobda iranis
islamuri revoluciis guSagTa korpuss. 1981 wels, 27 wlis rezai, iranerayis omis dawyebidan sul ramdenime
TveSi saTaveSi Caudga islamuri revoluciis guSagTa korpuss. man am postze
Secvala 1981 wlis 21 seqtembers iraneli kamikaZis mier afeTqebuli 49 wlis
mosTafa Camrani. amrigad, rezai gaxda
Tavisi sisastikiTa da daundoblobiT
gamorCeuli am samxedro korpusis meore da dRemde yvelaze axalgazrda
meTauri.
1997 wels mohsen rezaim gadadgomis Sesaxeb gancxadeba dawera. cota
xnis Semdeg ki igi samxedro sargebelTa sabWos wevrad airCies politikur
sargebelTa orientirebis mimarTulebiT. male amave sabWos mdivani gaxda
da, garda amisa, sabWoSi komerciisa da
ekonomikis komitetis Tavmjdomareobac SeiTavsa.
islamur revoluciamde rezai iranis
teqnikuri universitetis manqanaTmSeneblobis fakultetze swavlobda.
2001 wels ki Teiranis universitetis
ekonomikuri fakultetis magistri gaxda. 2006 wels mohsen rezai argentinis
yvelaze mniSvnelovani opoziciuri kandidati mir
hosein musavia. 68 wlis musavi, ganaTlebiT mxatvari da
arqiteqtori, qveynis umniSvnelovanes politikur da
saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze muSaobda.
laSi daadanaSaula. sapasuxod, ali
xameneim qarubis Ria werili gaugzavna, romelSic misi braldebebis usafuZvlobaze miuTiTa da dasZina, rom
iranSi politikur kriziss arafriT
dauSvebda. 2005 wlis 19 ivniss mehdi
qarubi Tavisi nebiT gadadga eqspertTa sabWos wevrisa da sasuliero lideris mrCevlis Tanamdebobidan. meore dRes ki Sinapatimroba miesaja.
qarubi daicva da bolomde uqomaga
prezident ahmadineJadis yvelaze saxifaTo da gavlenianma kritikosma _
ali aqbar haSemi rafsanjanim.
mTavrobam interpols gadasca da masze
saerTaSoriso Zebna gamocxadda, iranis
im eqvs moqalaqesTan erTad, vinc eWvmitanili iyo 1994 wels buenos-airesSi
ebrauli kulturis centris afeTqebis
organizebaSi. am afeTqebisas 85 adamiani daiRupa da 151 daiWra. amerikaSi
gaqceuli rezais vaJis, ahmedis daudasturebeli CvenebiT, am afeTqebis
momzadebaSi mamamisic monawileobda.
amis miuxedavad, argentinas iranisaTvis oficialurad arasodes mouTxovia rezais gadacema.
12 ivnisis saprezidento arCevne31
bis yvelaze mniSvnelovani opoziciuri kandidati mir hosein musavi xamene iyo. igi 1941 wlis 29 seqtembers xameneSi
daibada. 68 wlis mir hosein musavi, ganaTlebiT mxatvari
da arqiteqtori, sxvadasxva dros qveynis umniSvnelovanes
politikur da saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze muSaobda. 1981
wels iyo iranis sagareo saqmeTa, xolo 1981-89 wlebSi _
premier-ministri, sanam 1989 wels konstituciuri reformebis Sedegad es Tanamdeboba ar gauqmda.
bolo dromde musavi iyo samxedro sargebelTa sakonsultacio sabWos wevri da qveynis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti.
premier-ministris postze 1981 wels mir hosein musavi
maSin axalarCeulma prezidentma da dRevandelma umaRlesma sasuliero liderma ali xameneim daamtkica, roca is
qveynis xelisuflebis saTaveSi movida. mir hosein musavim
ali xameneis mTavrobaSi misi prezidentobis bolomde imuSava. musavi iranis mTavrobas qveynisaTvis yvelaze mZime
periodSi _ iran-erayis Svidwliani omis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda. swored am dros moipova man fxizeli pragmatikosis reputacia da xalxis farTo fenebis siyvaruli
daimsaxura.
1989 wlis 3 agvistos, roca xamenei ukve qveynis umaRlesi
religiuri lideris postze moRvaweobda, mir hosein musavim
premier-ministrobis postidan gadadgomis Sesaxeb gancxadeba gaakeTa. Tumca manamde, 1989 wlis 28 ivliss saprezidento
arCevnebTan erTad (romelSic gamarjveba ali aqbar haSemi
rafsanjanim moipova) Catarda referendumi konstituciuri
cvlilebebis SemoRebis Taobaze da am cvlilebebma, sxvaTa
Soris, premier-ministris postis gauqmebac gaiTvaliswina.
2009 wlis 9 marts politikuri da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis arenaze ocwliani pasiurobis Semdgom musavim moulodnelad ganacxada, rom saprezidento arCevnebSi kenWisyras
apirebda, ris Semdegac, muhamad xaTamim mis sasargeblod
moxsna Tavisi kandidatura.
2009 wlis saprezidento arCevnebSi, praqtikulad, erTmaneTs sami adamiani upirispirdeboda _ mahmud ahmadineJadi,
mir hosein musavi da mohsen rezai. Tumca, radgan mosaxleobas kargad axsovda islamuri revoluciis guSagTa korpusis saqmianoba, mohsen rezais gamarjvebis Sansi naklebad
hqonda. amis miuxedavad, oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT,
mohsen rezaim kandidatebs Soris mesame adgili daikava. saarCevno komisiis mier gavrcelebuli informaciis mixedviT,
miRebuli xmebi ase gadanawilda:
mahmud ahmadineJadi _ 24, 527,516 _ mTeli xmebis 62, 63%
mir hosein musavi _ 13, 216, 411 _ mTeli xmebis 33,75%
mohsen rezai _ 678, 240 _ mTeli xmebis 1, 73
mehdi qarubi _ 333,635 _ mTeli xmebis 0, 85%
baTilad CaiTvala 409,389 biuleteni, ramac mTeli xmebis
1,04% Seadgina. amrigad, oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT,
wlevandel saprezidento arCevnebSi xma misca sul 39, 165,
191 adamianma.
amrigad, garegnulad, wlevandel arCevnebSi yvelaferi Zalian organizebulad da mowesrigebulad warimarTa, magram,
rogorc Cans, aseve kargad iyo organizebuli xmebis gayalbebis meqanizmi, ramac iranis mosaxleobis didi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia; xolo radgan wels opoziciur frTas gonieri
da gavleniani kandidatebi warmoadgendnen, rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, isini SesaniSnavad iyeneben masobriv ukmayofilebas.
32
axali media da iranuli saprotesto talRa
axali
irani
iranis mTavroba centralizebul
medias efeqturad akontrolebs,
Tumca is uZluri aRmoCnda axali
mediis socialuri qselebis
winaaRmdeg >>
giorgi cxadaia
2009 wlis 12 ivnisis iranis saprezidento arCevnebis Semdgom ganviTarebulma movlenebma, miuxedavad
jer kidev gaurkveveli
dasasrulisa, ukve bevri
popularuli warmodgena
Secvala.
upirveles yovlisa, eWvis
qveS dadga umaRlesi religiuri lideris, aiaTolas
Zalaufleba, ramac islamuri respublikis politikur
sistemas seriozuli bzarebi gauCina. tradiciul
paraskevis gamosvlaSi, 19
ivniss, aiaTola ali xameneim mxari dauWira konservatori prezidentis mahmud
ahmadineJadis gamarjvebas
da, saprotesto aqciebis
gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi,
Zaladobaze pasuxismgebloba opozicias daakisra. arCevnebis winaswari
Sedegebis gamocxadebis
dRidan iranelebis nawili
Sedegebs aqtiurad aprotestebda. sakuTari xmis
dacvis moTxovniT gamosuli moqalaqeebi arc umaRlesi religiuri lideris
sityvas daemorCilnen da
aiaTolas gamosvlis meore
dRes maT mravalricxovani
aqcia gamarTes, romelic
basijis samxedro dajgufebasTan dapirispirebiT
dasrulda.
pirvelad 1979 wlis
islamuri revoluciis
Semdeg, ivnisSi TeiranSi
RamRamobiT Senobebis saxuravebidan ismoda SeZaxilebi: „sikvdili diqtators!“
reJimis mier dawesebuli
arnaxuli cenzuris pirobebSi, protestis monawile-
ebi mainc axerxebdnen, rom
sityva erTmaneTisTvis
miewvdinaT. religiuri
da politikuri pirebis
Zalisxmevis miuxedavad,
xalxis xma mainc mkafiod
gaisma da amaSi lomis wili
axal individualur medias
ekuTvnis.
mobiluri telefonebi,
teqsturi mesijebi, cifruli kamerebi, internet
blogebi, socialuri vebgverdebi _ komunikaciis
teqnologiis es saSualebebi saxalxo protestis
organizaciis efeqtur
meqanizmebad iqca. gansakuTrebuli popularobiT
sargeblobs iranSi virtualuri socialuri qseli
Twitter. mTeli am aqciebis
ganmavlobaSi, ar wydeboda
axali ambebis, videoebis,
mimarTvebis am qselis
meSveobiT gavrceleba.
mTavrobis mier dawesebuli
cenzurisgan TavdasaRwevad
iranSi ucxoeTidan moxaliseebis mier miwodebuli
specialuri proqsi serverebiT sargeblobdnen. ase
axerxebdnen Teiranidan
blokirebuli veb-gverdebis gacnobas da sakuTari
axali ambebis msofliosTvis droulad miwodebas.
internetma ganviTarebul
movlenebSi imdenad gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
SeiZina, rom protestis
sawyis etapze, Twitter-is
amerikuli serveris ganaxleba misma mflobelebma
mxolod im mizeziT gadades, rom iraneli moqalaqeebisTvis mxari daeWiraT.
serveris gadatvirTva
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto 01 REUTERS / iohan eisele, 02 REUTERS / maik bleiki
01
mir hosein musavis mxardamWeri, frankfurti 2009
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi
komunikaciis Sewyvetas niSnavda.
axalma teqnologiebma warmodgenebi saxelmwifo Zalauflebis Sesaxeb
mniSvnelovnad Secvala. centralizebuli mediis, televiziis da radios
gakontrolebas aqamde avtoritaruli
reJimebi warmatebiT axerxebdnen.
dRes saxelmwifosTvis informaciiT
manipulireba gacilebiT ufro garTulda. amerikis Tavdacvis departamentis mdivnis robert geiTsis
sityvebs Tu movixmobT, „mTavrobis
mier yvelafris erT badeSi moqceva
SeuZlebeli gaxda“.
aseve, Seicvala warmodgenebi imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris xiluli da uxilavi. Tu aqamde saprotesto monawileebze ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba
SetakebebSi daRupulebis, daWrilebis
an dakavebulebis ricxvis mixedviT
fasdeboda, dRes emociuri muxti
elvis siswrafiT gadaicema.
protestis monawile axalgazrda
gogonas, nedas mkvlelobis sazareli
video youtube-isa da Twitter-is meSveobiT msoflioSi milionobiT adamianma ixila. savaraudod, am kadrebmac
ganapiroba amerikis prezidentis
bolo gamosvlis mkacri toni, sadac
is aqciebis dros momxdar Zaladobas
gmobs. nedas mkvlelobis kadrebma
erTiaTad gaamZafra arsebuli reJiliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
02
nedas xsovnisadmi miZRvnili aqcia, san-diego 2009
mis mimarT xalxis damokidebuleba
iranSi, da mis sazRvrebs gareT. video
Cveulebrivma moqalaqem gadaiRo, romelic nedas mkvlelobas Seeswro. man
kadrebi megobars imeiliT gaugzavna,
megobarma ki _ radio „amerikis xmas~,
britanul gazeT „gardiansa“ da evropaSi myof mis ramdenime megobars.
Youtube-ze ganTavsebuli kadrebi,
ramdenime dReSi, mTelma msofliom
naxa. imave dRes Twitter-is specialur
onlain arxze nedas mkvlelobis
Sesaxeb pirdapiri diskusiebi mimdinareobda. msoflio Zalian axlodan
adevnebda Tvals irans.
iranidan miwodebuli informaciis
Semdgom gavrcelebas xels uwyobs
iranuli diaspora dasavleTSi, romelic arCevnebis dRidan sxvadasxva
qalaqSi musavis mxardamWer aqciebs
awyobs. isini aqtiur kampanias ewevian
virtualur sivrceSic da aqciebis
koordinirebas specialuri veb-gverdebis daxmarebiT cdiloben. erTerT popularul saitze _ „sad aris
Cemi xma?“ _ Sedgenilia saprotesto
msvlelobis da aqciebis ganrigi msoflios sxvadasxva qalaqisTvis.
iraneli axalgazrdebis fotoebisa
da Canawerebis gavrcelebam msoflioSi damkvidrebuli stereotipebi
mkveTrad Secvala. diasporis warmomadgenlebi Tamamad axdenen Tavian-
Ti axali imijis popularizebas da
reformistuli iranelis identobis
damkvidrebas. tragikulad daRupuli
neda iqca iranuli demokratiis da
Tavisuflebis saxed. axali iranis simbolo, 1979 wlis revoluciis iranisgan gansxvavebiT, Sua xnis wverosani
mamakacebi ki ara, TavisuflebisTvis
da samarTlianobisTvis mebrZoli
axalgazrda studentebi gaxdnen. CrdiloeT amerikis diasporis erT-erT
aqciaze, iranelma imigrantma ganacxada, rom amayobs imiT, rac iranSi
xdeba da misi identoba am movlenebma
mniSvnelovnad Secvala. msoflios
TvalSi irani axalgazrduli saprotesto talRiT aRibeWda.
20 ivnisis aqciebis brutaluri
darbevis Semdeg saprotesto muxti
minelda, Tumca grZeldeba virtualuri brZola. iranelebis mier sakuTari uflebebis dacvis moTxovnam
samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis axali
talRa warmoSva. aman iranuli
reJimis Seuryevlobisa da religiuri totalitarizmis miTis dangreva
gamoiwvia, saxelmwifos rolisa da
Zalauflebis Sesaxeb ki fundamenturi xasiaTis kiTxvebi warmoSva.
SesaZloa, dRes iranulma protestma
ara marto am qveyanaze Secvalos
zogadi warmodgenebi, aramed _
mTel msofliozec.
33
politikuri krizisi moldovaSi
Twitter-is revolucia
moldovas politikurma krizisma mTeli postsabWoTa
sivrcis seriozuli problemebi warmoaCina, romelTa gadaWraSic
konkurentebi evrokavSiri da ruseTi iqnebian >>
foto REUTERS / gleb garaniCi
niku popeSku sagareo urTierTobebis evropuli sabWos (ECFR) mkvlevari, Targmani daviT axalaZe
demonstranti
rumineTis
droSiT xelSi,
kiSiniovi 2009
6 aprils, arCevnebis winaswari Sedegebis gamocxadebis Semdeg opoziciis momxreebma moldovas dedaqalaq
kiSiniovSi daiwyes Sekreba. komunistebis mmarTvelma partiam mesamed
daagrova xmaTa umravlesoba (49.5%),
riTac parlamentSi 101-dan 60 adgili,
aseve mTavrobisa da spikeris arCevis
SesaZlebloba moipova. komunistebs
mxolod erTi xma daakldaT prezi34
dentis asarCevad saWiro umravlesobis Sesagroveblad. amgvari Sedegebis
wyalobiT, moldovas prezidentsa da
komunisturi partiis lider vladimir voronins, Tavisi meore da bolo
saprezidento vadis amowurvis miuxedavad, moldovas politikaSi dominirebis gagrZelebis saSualeba eZleva.
samma opoziciurma partiam _ liberalebma, liberal-demokratebma da
aliansma `moldova noastram~ mxolod
xmaTa 35% daagrova da sakanonmdeblo
organoSi sul 41 adgili moipova.
ukanasknel arCevnebs win uZRoda
moldovas 18-wlian istoriaSi ubinZuresi winasaarCevno kampania. sazogadoebrivi televizia tendenciurad warmarTavda mauwyeblobas da opoziciis
sawinaaRmdegod daufaravad muSaobda.
policia da generaluri prokuratura
akavebda opoziciis aqtivistebs, xuravda sxva partiebis gazeTebs, xels
uwyobda da xels afarebda mSvidobian momitingeebze Tavdamsxmelebs
da aviwroebda Jurnalistebs. euTo-s
damkvirvebelTa misiam arCevnebs, saboloo jamSi, nawilobriv dadebiTi
Sefaseba misca, radgan arCevnebSi yvela opoziciurma partiam Tavisuflad
miiRo monawileoba, xmis micemis proceduram mSvid garemoSi Caiara da
1000-ze met damkvirvebels raime seriozuli darRveva ar daufiqsirebia.
miuxedavad amisa, opozicia irwmuneboda, rom adgili hqonda saarCevno
siebiT manipulirebas (wina arCevnebTan SedarebiT, 300 000-iT meti xma
daregistrirda), magram amis damtkiceba advili ar iyo. 6 aprilis saRamos
kiSiniovis centrSi ramdenime aTasi
adamiani Seikriba protestis mSvidobianad gamosaxatad. maTi umravlesoba Twitter-isa Tu Facebook-is msgavsi
eleqtronuli socialuri qselebiT,
sms-ebiTa da eleqtronuli fostiT _
gavrcelebul saprotesto mowodebebs
gamoexmaura. mogvianebiT, swored amis
gamo, am aqciebs `Twitter-is revoluciac~ uwodes.
meore diliT quCebSi kidev ufro
meti, daaxloebiT 15 000-20 000 adamiani gamovida. momitingeTa ZiriTadi
masa mTavrobis sasaxlis win, dedaqalaqis mTavar moedanze Seikriba. SuadRisTvis aqciis zogierTma monawilem
prezidentis sasaxlisa da parlamentis win gadainacvla. es Senobebi mTavari moednidan 500 metris daSorebiT,
erTmaneTis pirdapir mdebareobs. iq
ramdenime aseul momitingesa da poliliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
cias Soris gaafTrebuli Sexla-Semoxla daiwyo, Tumca aqciis monawileTa
ZiriTadi masa fizikur dapirispirebaSi ar CarTula. opoziciuri partiebis
liderebi xalxis damSvidebas cdilobdnen da mouwodebdnen momitingeebs,
ar ahyolodnen provokacias. ramdenimesaaTiani lokaluri Setakebebis Semdeg momitingeebma policias sZlies da
prezidentis sasaxleSi, mogvianebiT
ki _ parlamentSi SeiWrnen. prezidentis sasaxlesa da parlamentis Tavze
evrokavSiris, moldovasa da rumineTis droSebi afrialda.
movlenebis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi maSinve gavrcelda. xelisufleba opozicias rumineTis mxardaWeriT saxelmwifo gadatrialebis
mcdelobaSi sdebda brals. opozicia
ki mTavrobas, saprotesto moZraobisa
da moTxovnebis diskreditaciis mizniT, masobrivi areulobis organizebaSi adanaSaulebda. zogierT videomasalaSi TvalnaTliv Cans, rom policiam
ganzrax aiRo xeli parlamentis Senobis dacvaze, romelic im momentisTvis
sulac ar warmoadgenda momitingeTa
samiznes. opozicia acxadebs, rom xelisuflebam Segnebulad datova daucveli saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi da,
opoziciuri moZraobisTvis saxelis
gasatexad, provokatorebis saSualebiT xalxi ukanono qmedebebisken waaqeza. mTavroba ki ambobs, rom Zalovanma
struqturebma parlamenti da prezidentis sasaxle ufro didi dapirispirebis Tavidan asacileblad miatoves.
momdevno dReebSi xelisuflebam winaaRmdegobis CasaxSobad mkacri zomebi miiRo. policiam daapatimra da scema (xSir SemTxvevaSi, quCebSi) asobiT
momitinges. sami adamiani gardaicvala. mTavrobam savizo reJimi SemoiRo
rumineTis moqalaqeTaTvis, Sewyvita
TiTqmis yvela ruminuli telearxis mauwyebloba, ocze meti rumineli Jurnalisti qveynidan gaaZeva da
uzarmazari mediakampania aagora opoziciis winaaRmdeg. Zalismieri meTodebis gamoyenebis Semdeg prezidentma
vladimir voroninma amnistia gamoacxada da dakavebul opozicionerTa
umravlesoba gaaTavisufla (Tumca es
iTvaliswinebda imasac, rom samarTlebrivi devna arc ZaladobaSi monawile
policielTa mimarT ganxorcieldeboda). amavdroulad, mediasivrceSi grZeldeboda antiopoziciuri kampania.
male arCevnebis Semdgomi krizisi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
politikur krizisSi gadaizarda. opozicia kvlavac ar aRiarebda arCevnebis
Sedegebs, magram sadeputato mandatebze uari ar uTqvams. komunisturma
partiam scada saeWvo gamarjvebis kanoniT ganmtkiceba _ konstituciurma
sasamarTlom arCevnebis Sedegebi ar
gaabaTila. vladimir voronini parlamentis Tavmjdomared airCies, rac
mas ori saprezidento vadis amowurvis Semdeg qveynis de-faqto liderad
darCenis saSualebas aZlevs. komunisturma partiam airCia parlamentis
ori vice-spikeri, erTi adgili ki opozicias dautova, magram opoziciurma
partiebma spikeris moadgilis Tanamdebobaze kandidatura ar waradgines.
yvelaze didi intriga momavali prezidentis arCevnebis irgvliv daiwyo.
qveynis prezidenti 61 xmiT irCeva,
magram komunistur partias mxolod
60 deputati hyavs. amitomac mas, sul
mcire, erTi opoziciuri xma mainc
esaWiroeba. Tavis mxriv, opoziciurma partiebma axali arCevnebis provocirebis mizniT ganacxades, rom
arc erTi maTi deputati ar dauWers
mxars axal prezidents. pirvelad 20
maiss da meored 3 ivniss opoziciam
SeZlo gaerTianebuli frontis SenarCuneba da prezidentis arCevnebis
boikotireba. qveynis konstituciis
Tanaxmad, prezidentis arCevnebis orjer Cavardnam parlamentis daSla da
riggareSe saparlamento arCevnebi gamoiwvia. adreuli saparlamento arCevnebi 29 ivliss dainiSna.
ruseTi
moldovis krizisma mTeli postsabWoTa sivrcis sagareo politikaze iqonia zegavlena. am saarCevno oromtrialSi ruseTi SedarebiT
aqtiurad iyo CarTuli. miuxedavad
imisa, rom 2001 wlidan, komunisturi mTavrobis mmarTvelobis periodSi moldova-ruseTis urTierTobebma
mravali aRmasvla da daRmasvla ganicada (dawyebuli strategiul partniorobaze saubrebiT da moldovur
Rvinoebze rusuli embargoTi damTavrebuli), ruseTi aSkarad exmareboda
voroninis administracias aprilis
arCevnebamde da mas Semdegac. arCevnebamde daaxloebiT ori kviriT adre
ruseTis prezidenti dimitri medvedevi piradad Sexvda voronins; amave
periodSi ewvivnen kiSiniovs ruseTis
sagareo saqmeTa da ekonomikis minis-
trebic, rac komunisturi partiis
mxardaWeris aSkara niSani iyo.
garda amisa, voronins ori gaxmaurebuli Sexvedra hqonda ruseTis
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis axal winamZRol kirilTan. dimitri medvedevma
komunistur partias postsaarCevno
krizisis ganmavlobaSic calsaxa mxardaWera SesTavaza. moskovis amgvari
saqcieli imiT aixsneba, rom igi moldovas komunistur partiaSi, sxvebTan
SedarebiT, nakleb problemas xedavs.
Tuki opoziciuri partiebi aSkarad
antirusulad arian ganwyobilni, komunistebi ruseTTan da evrokavSirTan
erTdrouli TanamSromlobis politikas emxrobian. ramdenadac ruseTi
postsabWoTa sivrceSi garkveuli gavlenis SenarCunebas cdilobs, misi
xelisufalni am politikur Zalaze
amyareben imeds.
rumineTi
ruminelebi da moldovelebi erT
enaze laparakoben. maT saerTo istoria da kultura aqvT. magram es faqtorebi, gaerTianebis nacvlad, mravali
TvalsazrisiT, xleCs kidec maT. rumineTTan SesaZlo gaerTianebaze saubari
1991 wels, moldovis mier damoukideblobis gamocxadebisTanave daiwyo,
magram am perspeqtivas mosaxleobis
umravlesobam mxari ar dauWira. miuxedavad amisa, or qveyanas Soris kulturuli, politikuri da ekonomikuri
kavSirebi mainc Zalian Zlieria.
magaliTad, rumineTi ufro didi savaWro partnioria moldovisTvis, vidre ruseTi, an ukraina. TiTqmis 120
000 moldoveli ruminul pasports
flobs (daaxloebiT, oTxmilioniani
mosaxleobidan) da 800 000-s ganacxadi
aqvs Setanili rumineTis moqalaqeobaze, radgan isini amiT evrokavSiris
teritoriaze vizis gareSe gadaadgilebas SeZleben. amgvari siaxlove
moldovis elitur wreebSi warmoSobs
SiSs, rom qveyanam SeiZleba dakargos
saxelmwifoebrioba da rumineTs SeuerTdes.
zogieTi rumineli politikosi, maT
Soris, amJamindeli prezidenti traian
basesquc, acxadebs, rom rumineTi ar
cnobs moldovasTan sazRvars da rom
odesme, momavalSi aucileblad moxdeba
`ori qveynis kvlav gaerTianeba~. amgvar
gancxadebebs xSirad akeTebs moldovuri politikuri speqtric, radgan
qveynis zogierTi partia Riad proru35
politikuri
krizisi
saparlamento
arCevnebis Semdeg
mmarTveli komunisturi partia
saparlamento arCevnebis
gamarjvebulad gamocxadda.
maT xmebis 49% da parlamentSi
101-dan 60 adgili moipoves.
samma opoziciurma partiam _
liberalurma partiam, liberal-demokratiulma partiam da
`moldova noastra~ aliansma,
jamSi, parlamentSi 41 adgili
moipoves. opoziciis momxreebma
imave dRes gaaprotestes arCevnebis Sedegebi. demonstrantebi parlamentis Senobasa da
prezidentis sasaxleSi SeiWrnen.
mogvianebiT xmebis xelaxali
daTvlis SedegiT gamarjvebulad kvlav komunisturi partia
gamocxadda. opoziciam arc es
Sedegebi cno, Tumca deputatis
mandatebze uari ar Tqva.
06.04
komunisturi partiis
wevrma deputatebma
prezidenti voronini, romelsac
saprezidento vada amoewura,
parlamentis spikerad airCies.
12.05
opoziciurma deputatebma dablokes
prezidentis arCevis procedura. prezidentobis kandidatma,
axlandelma premier_ministrma
da voroninis gundis wevrma
zinaida greceanma 60 xma miiRo,
prezidentis asarCevad ki 61 xmaa
saWiro.
20.05
opoziciurma deputatebma meored
dablokes prezidentis arCevis
mcdeloba. reglamentis mixedviT, Tu sakanonmdeblo organo
ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi prezidents ver airCevs, qveyanaSi xelaxali saparlamento arCevnebi
iniSneba. voroninma xelaxali
arCevnebis TariRad 29 ivlisi
daasaxela.
03.06
36
minulia, (gansakuTrebiT, liberalebi).
sxvebi ki, maT Soris komunistebic, rumineTs didi undoblobiT uyureben. saxelmwifo gadatrialebis organizebaSi
rumineTis dadanaSaulebis miuxedavad,
komunistur partias areulobebis mowyobaSi am qveynis monawileobis damamtkicebeli arc pirdapiri da arc iribi mtkicebulebebi ar warmoudgenia.
Tumca `ruminulma faqtorma~ krizisis
gaRrmavebaSi gansazRvruli fsiqologiuri roli iTamaSa.
rumineTis prezidentis mier saprotesto aqciebis Ria mxardaWeram moldovis mTavrobaSi Zveli SiSebi gaaRviZa da kidev ufro daZaba or qveyanas
Soris arsebuli diplomatiuri urTierTobebi.
moldova emigraciis Zalian maRali
maCveneblis mqone evropis uRaribesi
saxelmwifoa. misi mosaxleoba qveyanaSi mZime mdgomareobiT Zalian daRlili da gaRizianebulia. zogierTi
adamianisTvis erTaderTi xsna rumineTia _ evrokavSirisa da nato-s wevri
da demokratiuli qveyana, romelsac
gasul wlebSi swrafi ekonomikuri aRmasvla hqonda. es ki mxolod zrdis _
moldovas sklerotikuli reformebis,
demokratiis deficitisa da evrokavSirisken arasakmarisi ltolvis gamo
_ xalxSi warmoqmnil daukmayofileblobis grZnobas. zogi rumineTTan
SeerTebaSi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis umokles gzas xedavs. Tumca aseTi
adamianebi mosaxleobis umciresobas
(daaxloebiT 5%-s) warmoadgenen.
garda amisa, rumineTi did rols
TamaSobs moldovasTvis Tavisufali
informaciis miwodebis saqmeSi. roca
kiSiniovis centrSi saprotesto aqciebi mimdinareobda, moldovas mTavari
sazogadoebrivi televizia multfilmebs, satelevizio speqtaklebsa da
xalxur musikas gadascemda. qalaqSi
mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb informaciis praqtikulad erTaderTi wyaro
swored rumineTi iyo.
dnestrispireTi
politikurma krizisma gavlena iqonia moldovasa da mis separatistul
region dnestrispireTs Soris arsebuli konfliqtis mogvarebis proceszec. miuxedavad imisa, rom saprotesto aqciebsa da dnestrispireTs
Soris aranairi pirdapiri kavSiri ar
arsebobs, kiSiniovis krizisma separatistTa damoukideblobisaken ltol-
va kidev ufro ganamtkica. saqme isaa,
rom TviTgamocxadebulma respublikam an moldovas proruminuli Zalebi
CaTvala Zalian Zlierad (misi gamoyofis erT-erTi mizezi swored moldovas rumineTTan gaerTianebis SiSi
iyo), an miiCnia, rom Tuki qveyanaSi demokratia ase sustia, moldova dnestrispireTis SeerTebisken mimarTul
nebismieri tipis ormxriv SeTanxmebas
advilad ugulebelyofs.
evrokavSiri
evrokavSirma Tavisi specialuri
warmomadgeneli moldovaSi krizisis
dawyebis pirvelive dRes, 7 aprils
gaagzavna. garda amisa, man mravali
gancxadeba gaakeTa qveyanaSi arsebul
viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT da Seecada, xelisuflebasa da opozicias Soris Suamavali yofiliyo. krizisis dawyebidan ori kviris Tavze moldovas
evrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveynis, CexeTis premier-ministri, mirek topolaneki da evrokavSiris umaRlesi warmomadgeneli, xavier solana ewvivnen.
moldovas mTavrobam, erTi mxriv,
dadebiTad Seafasa evropelTa mxridan
situaciis stabilizebisTvis gaweuli
Zalisxmeva, magram amasTan erTad man
TiTqmis ar misca evrokavSirs qveyanaSi warmoqmnili daZabulobis ganmuxtvis saSualeba.
moldovas evropasTan, postsabWoTa
respublikebs Soris, yvelaze mWidro
kavSirebi aqvs. amas isic emateba, rom
qveyana mtkiced aris mibmuli rumineTTan, mosaxleobis TiTqmis sami meoTxedi evrokavSirSi Sesvlis momxrea,
qveynis eqsportis 50% evrokavSirSi gadis (da mxolod 15% ruseTSi) da moldovel gastarbaiterTa umravlesoba
evropaSi muSaobs. aseTi ekonomikuri
urTierTdamokidebulebis miuxedavad,
moldaveli politikosebi, gasul wlebSi gamudmebiT auaresebdnen dasavlel
mezoblebTan urTierTobas.
respublikaSi mimdinare movlenebis
mimarT evrokavSiris yuradRebam SesaZloa, garkveulwilad Seamciros daZabuloba, magram ver ganmuxtavs am mZime
politikur kriziss da verc xelisuflebis mzard avtoritarul tendenciebs Seasustebs. moldovas movlenebi postsabWoTa sivrceSi aseTi
tendenciebis zrdisa da ruseTsa da
evrokavSirs Soris am sivrcis gamo arsebuli napralis gaRrmavebis bolo
dasturad iqca.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
ganmeorebiTi arCevnebi
politikuri
deJa-vu
29 ivlisis ganmeorebiTi arCevnebiT moldova politikuri krizisis
daZlevas cdilobs. krizisze pasuxismgeblobas oponentebi
erTmaneTs akisreben >>
foto REUTERS / denis siniakovi
anastasia nani kiSiniovi
demonstrantebi, kiSiniovi 2009
moldovas istoriaSi pirvelad,
adreuli arCevnebi dainiSna. kidev
erTxel ibeWdeba saarCevno biuletenebi, romlebSic pirveli nomeri
komunisturi partiaa. mas 2005 wels
komunistebTan koaliciaSi gaerTianebuli qristian-demokratiuli saxalxo partia mosdevs. am or mokavSire Zalas mohyveba opoziciuri _
liberaluri da liberal-demokratiuli partiebi da aliansi `moldova noastra~ (`Cveni moldova~).
politikurma partiebma saarCevno kampania wels ukve meored gaaCaRes. winasarCevno brZola ZiriTadad komunistebisa da opoziciis
urTierTbraldebebisgan Sedgeba. 5
aprilis arCevnebis Semdgom politikuri krizisis Seqmnas isini erTmaneTs abraleben.
opozicia ambobs, rom maT mier
prezidentis arCevnebis boikotirebis mizezi swored is Zaladoba
iyo, romelsac policiam 7 aprils
5 aprilis arCevnebis Sedegebis gasaprotesteblad gamosuli aTasobiT adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTa.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
`Tuki komunistebi kvlavac xmaTa
umravlesobas moipoveben, Cven radikalur opoziciad viqceviT~, _
ganacxada prezidentis arCevnebis
CaSlis Semdeg liberal-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomare valadimir filatma. cota xnis Semdeg
igive ganacxades danarCeni ori
opoziciuri partiis Tavkacebma _
mihai gimpum da serafim urekianma.
qveynis amJamindeli prezidentis, vladimir voroninis gancxadebiT, `opoziciisTvis xelmeore
arCevnebis daniSvna `kamikaZeobis~
tolfasia~. igi xSirad ambobs, rom
politikuri krizisi misi mowinaaRmdegeebis mier aris gamowveuli.
is liberalebs rumineTTan farul
kavSirebSi sdebs brals da ambobs,
rom maTi gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi,
moldova TviTmyofad saxelmwifod arsebobas Sewyvets. mmarTveli partiis es gancxadebebi xSirad
gadaicema qveynis yvelaze msxvili
televiziis _ sazogadoebrivi samauwyeblo kompaniis mier.
prokomunisturi sazogadoebrivi
mauwyebloba opozicias Zaladobasa
da saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mcdelobaSi sdebs brals. `opozicias
azris gamoxatvis TavisuflebisaTvis brZola wagebuli aqvs~, _ ganacxada evroparlamentis delegaciis
xelmZRvanelma merian mikom saprotesto aqciebidan sami kviris Semdeg
kiSiniovSi Catarebul preskonferenciaze. moldovaSi, informaciisa
da damoukidebeli mediis deficitis
gamo, mmarTveli partia regionebSi
popularobiT sargeblobs. opozicia varaudobs, rom swored amis
xarjze gaimarjves aprilis arCevnebSi komunistebma.
sociologiuri gamokiTxvis ararsebobis miuxedavad, aSkaraa, sazogadoebrivi azri isev gayofilia,
rogorc aprilSi. 21 wlis studenti
sergiu todoreani ki ambobs: `me liberalebs vuWer mxars, radgan isini
kiSiniovis merad dorin kirtoakes
daniSnaven~. kiSiniovis macxovrebeli 34 wlis ekaterina volna ki liberal-demokratebs emxroba: `maT
saukeTeso gundi hyavT da, Cemi
azriT, Tuki isini parlamentSi Sevlen, imedebs ar gagvicrueben~.
zogs miaCnia, rom opoziciam maTi
molodini ver gaamarTla da, sasikeTo cvlilebebis nacvlad, mxolod
destabilizacia moutana qveyanas.
62 wlis vera badarau ambobs, rom
aprilSi man xma opozicias misca,
Tumca axla komunistebs emxroba.
`pensiebi gazardes, marTvis gamocdileba aqvT, mere ra, rom Secdomebi dauSves. Secdoma yvelas mosdis~, _ ambobs badarau.
sazogadoeba mxolod erT sakiTxze Tanxmdeba _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
komunisturi partia xmaTa umravlesobas
moipovebs,
aprilis
sisxliani aqciebis gamo, mTel pasuxismgeblobas opozicias daakisrebs
da mkacradac azRvevinebs.
37
konfliqtebi
axalgori
osebis
proeqti axalgorSi
axalgoris raionis osuri administracia axal
kampanias iwyebs, romlis mizanic raionSi qarTuli
mosaxleobis dabrunebaa >>
olesia varTaniani axalgori - werovani
axalgoris kulturis saxli gaivso,
rodesac samasze meti adamiani iq imisTvis mivida, rom piradad enaxaT kaci,
romelic manamde mxolod televizoriT Tu enaxaT. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRes axalgorSi kokoiTi
Cavida. kulturis saxlSi kokoiTTan
Sexvedras isinic eswrebodnen, vinc
axalgori agvistos omis Semdeg miatova.
`Cven, moZme xalxi, qarTvelebi da
osebi erTad cxovrebas unda SeveCvioT~, _ ganacxada kokoiTim gamosvlisas.
maSin am sityvebs cota vinmem Tu
miaqcia yuradReba. kokoiTis gamosvla
politikosebis Cveul ritorikad Se38
afases. Tumca, realoba sxvagvari aRmoCnda. axalgoris osuri administraciis warmomadgenlebi da cxinvalSi
kokoiTis xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli pirebi ukve Riad acxadeben, rom
sadavo regionSi qarTuli mosaxleobis dabruneba aucilebelia.
axalgorSi iSviaTad Tu SegxvdebaT
gamvleli. quCebi daWaobebuli wumpeebiTaa dafaruli. bayayebs, didi xania,
manqanebi aRar afrTxoben. saxlebis
fanjrebze fardebia Camofarebuli.
mwife xilis simZimiT daxrili xeebi da
sarevelamodebuli ezoebi imas mianiSnebs, rom patronebma aqauroba miatoves.
gasuli wlis agvistoSi axalgori
eqvsi aTasze metma adamianma datova.
raionSi am dromde 2500-mde mosaxle
rCeba, ZiriTadad osuri an Sereuli _
qarTul-osuri ojaxebi. qarTveli mosaxleobis umravlesoba axla devnilTa dasaxlebaSi cxovrobs.
47 wlis nana eTnikuri qarTvelia.
omis dawyebis Semdeg igi pirvelad
Cavida axalgorSi Tavisi saxlis sanaxavad. misi ojaxic werovanSi, mokrZalebul kotejSi gadasaxlda, romelic
bevrad ufro pataraa, vidre misi
saxli axalgorSi.
nanas msgavsad, adgilobrivi qarTvelebi axalgorSi mxolod miwis dasamuSaveblad Cadian. adgilobriv osur
xelisuflebas imedi aqvs, rom maTi
nawili mainc darCeba raionSi zamTarSic. Tumca qarTvelebi am gadawyvetilebas iolad ver iReben.
`ar SemiZlia, iq vicxovro, sadac
osuri droSa frialebs. roca mis
gverdiT qarTulsac dakideben, maSin
vifiqreb dabrunebaze~, _ ambobs nana.
axalgoridan leningoramde
axalgors leningori gasuli saukuliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto iustina melnikeviCi
axalgori
bis ganviTarebas.
`mTeli kvira meore sarTulze ar
avsulvar, saxlSi Suqi ar aminTia.
sportuli tansacmeli Cavicvi, CanTaSi
sabuTebi Cavilage da fanjarasTan
avituze. vijeqi da smenad viqeci, rom
droze gamego, romeli mxridan movidodnen isini [osebi]~.
omis dawyebidan ramdenime dReSi
qarTuli specrazmis ramdenime manqana
axalgoris mezobel sofelSi Sevida. cota xniT adre, vidre rusuli
tankebi qalaqis centralur gzaze
gamoCndebodnen, maT raioni datoves.
maTTan erTad aqaurobas tovebdnen
xalxiTa da avejiT savse manqanebic. 16
agvistos axalgorSi osi samxedroebi
Sevidnen.
inga sxvebTan erTad axalgoris maxloblad mTaze avida da tyes Seafara
Tavi. iqidan uyurebda, rogor aRmarTes adgilobrivi gamgeobis Senobaze osuri droSa. es swored is dRe
iyo, roca axalgori cxinvalis mier
kontrolirebad mxared gamocxadda.
im dResve axalgors sabWoTa saxeli _
leningori daubrunes.
nis 20-ian wlebSi daarqves da swored
am dros miuerTes es raioni samxreT
oseTis olqs. Tumca, cxinvalTan
kavSiri aq arasdros yofila mWidro.
90-ian wlebSi raioni mcxeTa-mTianeTis
nawili gaxda, 2007 wels ki igi dimitri
sanakoevis droebiT administracias
dauqvemdebares.
ukanasknel wlebSi eTnikuri osebi
axalgoris mosaxleobis 20 procents
Seadgendnen. aqauri osebi qarTulad
laparakobdnen da maT qarTvelebisgan
Znelad Tu gaarCevdiT.
38 wlis ingas ojaxSi osurad iSviaTad saubroben. gasuli wlis agvistoSi man axalgorSi darCena gadawyvita.
ingas naTesavebTan erTad Zveleburad
mohyavs pomidori da TafliviT tkbili blis baRebs uvlis.
`Cemi cxovreba iseTi aRar aris, rogoric adre. yvela piradi problema
damaviwyda. Zalian maklia Cemi mezoblebi~, _ ambobs igi.
roca gasul zafxuls omi daiwyo,
inga, iseve, rogorc sxva aqaurebi, saxlSi Caiketa da SiSiT eloda movleneliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
ocneba
`me Zalian momwons TqvenTan~, _
Tqva eduard kokoiTim axalgorSi
pirveli vizitisas.
adgilobrivebTan saubrisas kokoiTi
gamotyda, rom axalgorSi pirveladaa.
misi stumrobisas qalaqis yvela mTavari quCa SeiaraRebuli mcvelebiT savse
manqanebiT gadaiWeda. qarTulma mxarem
ki am vizitis aRsaniSnavad axalgors
Suqi mTeli dRiT gamourTo.
kokoiTi regionSi vertmfreniT Cavida. dedebi SvilebTan erTad sakvirveli mfrinavi aparatis sanaxavad moedanze gaiqcnen. uceb, maT siaxloves
didi jipi gaCerda da iqidan dacvis
TanxlebiT kokoiTi gadmovida.
`Cvenebs SeeSindaT da swrafad
mokurcxles~, _ hyveba erT-erTi
TviTmxilveli. `moica, sad mirbixarT?~ _ yviroda kokoiTi. samxreT
oseTis gabadrulma prezidentma TiToeuls 5 aTasi maneTi dauriga.
axalgoris osur administraciaSi acxadeben, rom kokoiTi piradad
monawileobs qarTuli mosaxleobis
dasabruneblad aucilebeli pirobebis SeqmnaSi.
rogorc eqsperti konfliqtebis
sakiTxebSi, paata zaqareiSvili ambobs,
`javis maxlobel soflebSi Catarebu-
li eTnikuri wmendis Semdeg cxinvali
imijis Secvlaze fiqrobs. qarTuli
mosaxleobis dabruneba undaT, rom
Semdeg Tqvan, _ qarTvelebTan cxovreba SegviZliao. amave dros SiSoben,
rom Tu axalgori carieli darCeba,
SesaZloa, partizanuli moZraoba
daiwyos, an iqauroba kriminalebis
buded iqces~.
axalgoris administraciis formirebas Tavad kokoiTi xelmZRvanelobda.
administraciaSi axalgoreli eTnikuri
osebi dapatiJes, romlebmac raioni
90-iani wlebis omis dros datoves.
amis erT-erTi mizezi is iyo, rom isini
ukeT icnobdnen raionis specifikas
da adgilobrivi qarTvelebisTvisac
ufro misaRebi iqnebodnen.
erT-erTi maTgania vladimer gabaraevi. maisis bolos Catarebuli saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad 60 wlis
gabaraevi deputati gaxda leningoridan.
WaRaraTmiani gabaraevi, cisferi
TvalebiTa da didi TeTri warbebiT,
axalgoris gareubnis erT-erT korpusSi, Tavis patara binaSi cxovrobs.
Taroebi qarTuli wignebiTa aqvs savse.
igi am binidan 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi zviad gamsaxurdias momxreebma
gaaZeves. maSin misma ojaxma mSobliuri
qalaqi fexiT datova.
gabaraevi ambobs, rom omis Semdeg
bevri ram gakeTda imisaTvis, rom
axalgorSi qarTvelebis dasabruneblad saTanado pirobebi Seqmniliyo.
misi TqmiT, aq gansakuTrebulad icaven qarTvelebis daketil saxlebs.
`bevri Camovida imisTvis, rom cariel saxlebSi Sesuliyo, magram Cven
amis ufleba aravis miveciT~, _ ambobs
igi.
gabaraevi aseve hyveba, rom maT
ufleba misces, axalgorSi Camosulebs
Soris policielebi SearCion. misi TqmiT, cdiloben, iseTi biWebi SearCion,
romlebic `omiT ar arian avad~.
darCenil mosaxleobas xelfass rusuli rublebiT uxdian. humanitaruli
daxmarebac ruseTidan modis.
`me aq gavizarde da yvelas vicnob.
Cemi ocnebaa, rom qarTvelebi dabrundnen~, _ ambobs gabaraevi.
didi politika
axalgoridan wasuli qarTuli
administracia axla werovanSia. sayofacxovrebo problemebis mogvarebis
garda, mas axalgorTan dakavSirebuli
39
40
konfliqtis zona
isev
omis molodinSi
miuxedavad imisa, rom ergneTis mosaxleobas
fuladi kompensaciebi daurigda, axali cxovrebis
dawyebas aq aravin Cqarobs. ergneTelebi amboben,
rom nangrevebad qceul sofelSi omis aCrdili isev
dadis >>
goga afciauri ergneTi
foto levan xerxeuliZe
sakiTxebis gadawyvetac uxdeba.
51 wlis zurab ficxelauri, axalgoris qarTuli administraciis gamgebeli ambobs, rom bevri yoveldRiuri
sakiTxis gadaWras is osuri administraciis warmomadgenlebTan piradi
nacnobobis xarjze axerxebs. piradi
kontaqtebis iqiT ki sakme ar iZvris.
`mTavaria, rom es Zafic ar gawydes~.
misi TqmiT, werovanidan Tavis mSobliur mxareSi dabruneba bevrs unda.
samxreT oseTis sxva regionebisgan
gansxvavebiT, omis dros axalgorSi
aravin mouklavT da arc marodioroba
yofila. Tumca, misi TqmiT, bevrs dabrunebaSi xels `didi politika~ uSlis.
rodesac maisSi osurma administraciam forma #9-is gacema daiwyo,
romliTac samxreT oseTis moqalaqeobis miRebaa SesaZlebeli, werovanSi
mcxovrebTa Soris xma gavarda, rom am
dokumentis gareSe mSobliur mxareSi
aravis SeuSvebdnen.
`aiReb forma #9-s da samSoblos
gamyidvels dagiZaxeben. ara iReb da,
xelcarieli darCebi~, _ ambobs erT_
erTi qarTveli.
werovanis mosaxleoba dokumentebis
misaRebad axalgorSi rigebSi Cadga.
saerTo jamSi, daaxloebiT 3,5 aTasma
adamianma aiRo es dokumenti da wlis
bolomde samxreT oseTis moqalaqeobis miRebas elodeba. saqarTvelos
moqalaqeobaze uaris Tqma maTTvis
ar mouTxoviaT, magram imaze saubars,
vin aiRo forma nomeri 9 da vin ara,
werovanSi Tavs arideben.
ficxelauris TqmiT, aseTi Semowmebebi, `patrioti xar Tu ara~, bevrs
ayovnebs axalgorSi dabrunebisgan.
misi TqmiT, Tu am SeTanxmebas mTavrobis doneze miaRweven da axalgorSi
usafrTxoebis garantirebas SeZleben, qarTvelebis umravlesobisTvis
axalgorSi dabrunebis perspeqtiva
realuri gaxdeba.
sanam imaze msjeloben, dabrundnen
Tu ara qarTvelebi axalgorSi, iq
darCenili mcireodeni mosaxleoba
saRamoobiT sakuTari saxlis win
sxdeba. maT naklebad aRelvebT
cxinvalis parlamentis arCevnebi da
opoziciis mitingebi TbilisSi. magram
razec unda saubrobdnen, uzarmazari
droSa, romelic mopirdapire mTaze
frialebs da romelic axalgoris
nebismieri wertilidan Cans, maT
mudmivad axsenebT, vin aris axla am
miwis patroni.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
robinzon kasraZis orsarTuliani,
gadamwvari saxlis verandidan xelisguliviT Cans cxinvali.
robinzoni verandaze adis da iqaurobas durbindiT akvirdeba.
`xedavT, Cans, rogor aSeneben samxedro bazas~, _ ambobs is. erT-erT
mTaze marTlac dgas samxedro satvirTo manqanebi da javSanteqnika.
ergneTs cxinvalisgan kilometrze naklebi aSorebs. igi im soflebis ricxvSia, romlebic agvistos
omis dros mTlianad ganadgurda.
rogorc ki ergneTSi Sedixar, iwyeba Savi, ConCxebad qceuli saxlebis
dausrulebeli rigi. 180 saxlidan
120 damwvaria.
maT, visi saxlis aRdgenac SeuZlebelia, saxelmwifom kompensaciis
saxiT 15 aTasi dolaris ekvivalenti larebiT gadasca. Tumca omidan
aTi Tvis Tavze adgilobriv macxovreblebs sofelSi arc erTi saxli
ar aRudgeniaT. xalxi aq isev omis
molodinSi cxovrobs.
ergneTTan qarTuli policiuri
saguSago betonis filebiT da qviSiT savse tomrebiTaa gamagrebuli.
30 metrSi aseve betonis filebiT
gamagrebuli kidev erTi saguSagoa,
sadac ruseTisa da samxreT oseTis
droSebi frialebs.
`Cvens saguSagos ar gascdeT, SeiZleba gesrolon, _ qarTveli policieli osur mxares mitovebuli
Senobisken mianiSnebs, _ iq, sxvenSi
snaiperis samalavia~, _ ambobs is.
agvistos omamde am teritorias
qarTuli
mxare
akontrolebda.
odesRac aqedan iwyeboda ergneTis
bazroba, sadac erT dros qarTvelebi da osebi erTad vaWrobdnen. axla
am adgilidan osebi rusebTan erTad
sofel ergneTs da gori_cxinvalis
centralur magistrals akontroleben.
qarTveli policielebi amboben,
rom cxinvalidan xSirad ismis umisamarTo srolebis xma. amas soflis
macxovreblebic adastureben.
`aTiode dRis win saartilerio
razmebis wvrTnebi hqondaT. isrodnen mizanSi saartilerio danadgarebidan~, _ ambobs qarTveli policieli.
saguSagosTan ramdenime dajavSnuli `kobra~ dgas. qarTvel policielebs patrulirebisTvis es manqanebi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
oTxi Tvis win gadaecaT, manamde `pikapis~ avtomanqanebiT moZraobdnen.
aseTi `pikapebi~ ramdenjerme afeTqda naRmze.
Sida qarTlis samxareo policiis
informaciiT, 2008 wlis agvistos
bolodan 2009 wlis 20 ivnisamde
konfliqtis zonaSi samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebis dros 8
policieli daiRupa da 23 daiWra.
policielebi an winaswar damontaJebuli marTvadi asafeTqebeli mowyobilobebis an snaiperis msxverplni
gaxdnen.
aseve agvistos bolodan 20 ivnisis
CaTvliT marodiorebis Tavdasxmisa
da amoqmedebuli naRmebis Sedegad
daiRupa 6 da daiWra 27 mSvidobiani
moqalaqe.
qals da bavSvs ergneTSi ver naxavT. xexilis baRebsa da yanebs mxolod mamakacebi uvlian.
robinzon kasraZe Tavisi nasaxlaris ezoSi patara kotejSi cxovrobs. aseTi droebiTi sadgomebi maT,
visi saxlic sacxovreblad uvargisia, daniis ltolvilTa sabWom auSena.
`mTavrobam kompensacia ki momca, magram varCie, am fuliT qalaqSi
bina meqiravebina col-SvilisTvis.
saSiSia aq cxovreba, yovel RamiT isvrian, daavadmyofda xalxi. amboben,
_ kidev daiwyebao omi. me baR-bostans vuvli, Wama xom unda ojaxs~, _
ambobs igi.
omis dros dazianebuli ergneTis
skola ukve aRadgines, magram aqaurebi mainc goris skolaSi siaruls
irCeven. konfliqtis zonaSi moqmedi
erTaderTi saerTaSoriso misiis _
evrokavSiris damkvirveblebis imedi
aravis aqvs.
`bevrs verafers akeTeben. dReSi
orjer Semoivlian, cxinvals isinic
CemsaviT durbindebiT gadaxedaven,
gvkiTxaven, _ xom araferi momxdarao da wavlen~, _ hyveba robinzoni.
soflis `birJaze~, sadac saRamoobiT ergneTeli kacebi iyrian Tavs,
saubrebi ZiriTadad omzea. informacias cvlian: vin ra icis axali, ra
moismines radioSi Tu televiziiT.
gasul wels ixseneben da mosalodnel safrTxeebze msjeloben.
ergneTelebi amboben, rom agvistoSi omi gardauvali iyo.
`rusebi magisTvis didi xania, emzadebodnen~. saqarTvelos mTavrobas
ki imaSi adanaSauleben, rom xalxi
winaswar ar gaafrTxila da evakuacia droulad ar daiwyo. `es rom
momxdariyo, mSvidobian mosaxleobaSi msxverpli naklebi iqneboda. imis
meSinia, axlac ase ar moxdes. Tu
rame ician, winaswar gviTxran~, _ ambobs robinzoni.
`birJaze~ kidev ufro Zvel ambebsac ixseneben, im dros, roca ergneTi goris raionSi yvelaze mdidari sofeli iyo. garda imisa, rom aq
kargi xexilis baRebia, mosaxleobis
didi nawili ergneTis bazrobaze
muSaobda da damatebiT Semosavalic
hqonda.
`osebTan erTad vmuSaobdiT bazarSi. erTmaneTTan qorwilebSi da
samZimrebze davdiodiT. Semdeg bazroba daixura, nel-nela davkargeT
urTierToba. mere omi iyo da aba,
axla raRa urTierTobazea laparaki~, _ ixseneben ergneTelebi.
konfliqtis zonaSi darCenilebi
xelisuflebisgan usafrTxoebis garantias iTxoven, magram am garantias
maT jerjerobiT veravin aZlevs.
Jenevis diskusiebis formatSi incidentebis prevenciis meqanizmis
samuSao jgufi Seiqmna, Tumca am
jgufma, romelSic qarTuli, osuri
da rusuli mxareebi Sedian, evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis iniciativiT, Sexvedra mxolod orjer
moaxerxa.
bolo sami Sexvedra osuri mxaris
gamo CaiSala. kokoiTis xelisufleba gasuli wlis oqtomberSi dakarguli sami osi axalgazrdas moZiebas
iTxovs da maT qarTuli specsamsaxurebis mier gatacebulad miiCnevs.
qarTuli mxare acxadebs, rom dakar-
odesRac aqedan iwyeboda
ergneTis bazroba, sadac
erT dros qarTvelebi da
osebi erTad vaWrobdnen.
axla am adgilidan
osebi rusebTan erTad
sofel ergneTs da
gori-cxinvalis
centralur magistrals
akontroleben.
41
gulebis Sesaxeb araferi icis.
incidentebis prevenciis samuSao
jgufis erTaderTi miRwevaa cxeli
xazis amoqmedeba, Tumca am meqanizmis efeqturoba Zalze saeWvoa.
ramdenime dRis win sofel niqozSi, sadac aseve qarTuli policiuri saguSagoa ganTavsebuli, osuri
soflebis mxridan ramdenime SeiaraRebuli piri SemovliTi gzebiT
sofelSi SeumCnevlad Sevida da adgilobriv mwyemsebs saqonlis osuri
soflebisken gadarekva mosTxova.
SeiaraRebulma pirebma ramdenime
Zroxa waiyvanes.
samxareo policiis ufrosi vladi-
mer juReli ambobs, rom yvela bilikze policiels ver daayenebs.
misi TqmiT, cxeli xazis principi
aseTia: incidentis Sesaxeb mosaxleobam samarTaldamcavebs operatiulad unda acnobos, qarTuli policia ki cxeli xazis meSveobiT saqmis
kursSi, evropel monitorebTan erTad, rusul da osur mxareebs Caayenebs, romlebmac momxdarze swrafi
reagireba unda moaxdinon.
`rodis Semoiparebian da ras agvitexaven, ra viciT. cxinvalisken bevri biliki midis, Semoparva Zneli
ar aris. Cvenebi marto centralur
gzaze dganan da vidre gaigeben, aq
ra moxda, osi boevikebi ukve cxinvalSi gaiqcevian~, _ ambobs 82 wlis
SoTa joxaZe.
adgilobriv mosaxleobas safrTxes gaunaRmavi teritoriebic uqmnis. saerTaSoriso gamnaRmveli organizacia `hallo trasti~ yofili
buferuli zonis soflebSi muSaobs,
magram rusebis mier mowyobili sazRvrebis siaxloves ver Sedis.
goris raionis mindvrebSi jer kidev rCeba bevri gaunaRmavi Wurvi.
`sadac unda gaixedo, safrTxea Casafrebuli. netav es zafxuli mSvidobianad Caivlides~, _ amboben soflis birJaze.
qarTul-afxazuri Sexvedra
qarTvelebi
da afxazebi: ra iqneba mere
agvistos omis Semdeg, qarTul-afxazuri konfliqtis istoriaSi pirvelad,
orive mxares saerTo mizani gauCnda _ aRkveTon ruseTis mier afxazeTis
STanTqmis procesi, romelic ukve dawyebulia >>
margarita axvlediani stamboli
soxumi
`afxazeTis Sida suverenitetis
gamyareba
saqarTvelosTan konfliqtis daregulirebasTan aris
kavSirSi. Cveni usafrTxoeba Zalian
aris damokidebuli am konfliqtis
mogvarebaze. konfliqtis mogvarebamde ki ruseTis mxridan usafrTxoebis garantiebis miRebas vsaWiroebT,
rac imas niSnavs, rom maTze viqnebiT damokidebuli sxva sakiTxebTan
42
mimarTebaSic~, _ ganacxada
liana
kvarCeliam, afxazeTis humanitaruli
programebis centris warmomadgenelma, qarTvel da afxaz eqspertTa
Sexvedraze, romelic ivnisis dasawyisSi Sedga stambolSi britanuli
organizacia Conciliation Resources-is
organizebiT.
zogierTi iaponeli biznesmeni bazarze moqmedebis strategias TamaSi
go_s mTavari wesis mixedviT agebs:
nu Seecdebi konkurentis CamoSorebas (ise, rogorc es xdeba WadrakSi),
piriqiT, masTan erTad imoqmede da
ase SeaRwie misi gavlenis sferoSi.
TamaSis es wesi saqarTvelosTvis
gansakuTrebiT aqtualurad gamoiyureba mas Semdeg, rac agvistos omis
Sedegebma qarTul_afxazur konfliqtSi CabmulTa poziciebi Secvala.
ruseTma regionSi sakuTari problema gadaWra [agvistos omis Semdeg],
magram problema ar gadauWriaT arc
qarTvelebs da arc afxazebs.
Tavidanve unda gaimijnos afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan arsebuli situacia; gansxvavebulia am
konfliqtebis istoriac da `iqiTa~
mxares arsebuli molodinebic. kerZod, samxreT oseTSi imdenad damoukideblobisadmi swrafva ar Warbobs, ramdenadac CrdiloeT oseTTan
SeerTebis survili, afxazebs ki
suverenitetis miRwevis realuri
miswrafeba aqvT. amitomac, omis Semdeg seriozuli cvlilebebi swored
qarTul-afxazur velze moxda.
agvistos omis Sedegi arc mxolod
teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb qarTvelebis imedebis gawbileba iyo da arc afxazebis usafrTxoebis gamyareba. omma saqarTveliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
los misi teritoriebi daakargina,
afxazur sazogadoebas ki ar dautova ganviTarebis modelis arCevani, romelic mas hipoTeturad mainc
hqonda.
situacia, romelSic axla afxazeTi moxvda _ ruseTis mier calsaxa
aRiareba da dasavleTis sazogadoebriobisgan mkveTri izolacia _ SeiZleba sul male imiT dasruldes, rom
afxazeTis damoukideblobam ruseTze sruli damokidebulebis forma
miiRos. da es konfliqtis orive monawilisTvis _ qarTvelebisTvisac da
afxazebisTvisac Tanabrad _ katastrofas niSnavs.
amgvarad, agvistos omis Sedegad
qarTul sazogadoebasac da afxazursac saerTo, gadaudebeli politikuri mizani da survili gauCndaT
_ aRkveTon ruseTis mier afxazeTis
STanTqma.
am saerTo miznis gaTviTcnobiereba SeiZleba Zalian mniSvnelovani
gamxdariyo _ erTi mimarTulebiT
siaruli, erToblivad moqmedeba,
urTierTkompromisis unari.
20 wlis ganmavlobaSi afxazeTis
macxovreblebTan kontaqtis sruli
arqonisa da iqauri informaciis gareSe, qarTuli sazogadoeba verc ki
xvdeboda, Tu ra mZlavrad igrZnoboda afxazeTSi Tbilisidan wamosuli muqara. mravalwlianma sanqciebis
politikam da izolaciam saqme iqamde
miiyvana, rom afxazeTi, gamosavals
ki ara, mfarvels eZebda. afxazeTis
macxovreblebisaTvis
miuRweveli
iyo dasavleTis qveynebSi swavla,
dasavlel partniorebTan biznesis
warmarTva da, saerTod, dasavluri
faseulobebis gacnoba. arada, ruseTisken gza xsnili iyo, da afxazuri horizontic uneblieT mets ver
gaswvda.
qarTul-afxazuri urTierTobebis
tragikulobac isaa, rom im situaciaSi, rodesac orive mxare Tavidanve
acnobierebda sakuTari identurobisa da Tavisuflebis mimarT ruseTis
mxridan wamosul saSiSroebas, maT
ver SeZles Tundac am niadagze moenaxaT saerTo ena. rogorc Conciliation
Resources-is programebis direqtori,
jonaTan koeni ambobs, `paradoqsia,
magram, miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve
mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi afxazebisa da osebis gare samyarosTan urTierToba swored ruseTzea mTlialiberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
nad damokidebuli, kolonizatorad
mainc saqarTvelos miiCneven. da qarTulma sazogadoebam, araTu ver gasca pasuxi kiTxvas _ Tu ratom xdeba
es _ aramed saerTod ar dausvams aseTi SekiTxva~.
`dakargulia dro da qarTvelebisadmi ndoba. orjer omi _ es ukve Secdoma aRaraa, _ ambobs politologi
paata zaqareiSvili, _ saqarTvelosTvis sabediswero iyo, rodesac gadawyvita, rom zewoliT, daZalebiT,
gamudmebuli pirobebis dayenebiT
miaRwevda mizans~.
dRes saqarTvelos afxazeTTan
urTierTobis mTeli simZimis miuxedavad, bevri ram gaxda naTeli. aRar
arsebobs iluzia, rom SesaZlebelia
am teritoriebis swrafad dabruneba.
cxadi gaxda, rom araviTari dasavluri jari ar daubrunebs saqarTvelos
afxazeTs. rogorc afxazebi amboben,
`iqneb axla mainc gaigon saqarTveloSi, rom saqme mxolod teritoriebs ki ara, adamianebsac exebaT~. Tuki
sazogadoeba ocnebas moiSlis da movlenebs realurad Seafasebs, sxva
Tu araferi, es dRevandelze ukeTes
gamosavals mainc daaCqarebs.
`saqarTvelos interesebSia, statusis sakiTxi gadados da miznad
imis gadawyveta daisaxos, risi gadawyvetac SesaZlebelia, _ ambobs valter kaufmani, romelic ramdenime
wlis manZilze meTaurobda biolis
fonds saqarTveloSi. albaT, Rirs
Tundac imis gaTviTcnobiereba, rom
ruseTi arasodes gaqreba CrdiloeTi kavkasiidan; iseve, rogorc aSS ar
gauCinardeba meqsikidan. im qveynebisTvis, romlebic aseTi `derJavebis~ mezoblad aRmoCndnen, mTavaria,
is moaxerxon, rom maT qveynebSi yvelafers es didi moTamaSeebi ar wyvetdnen. mniSvnelovania, rom samxreTi
kavkasiidan ruseTis sruli gandevnis
propagandis nacvlad, imis gaTviTcnobiereba moxdes, Tu ra adgili SeiZleba gamoeyos ruseTs kavkasiaSi, da
maT Soris afxazeTSi. es ufro produqtiuli iqneba.
aseve, vfiqrob, rom saqarTvelo
dainteresebuli unda iyos afxazeTTan problemebis gadaWriT da ara
maTi gaRrmavebiT. am TvalsazrisiT,
prodasavluri afxazeTi ukeTesia saqarTvelosTvis, vidre prorusuli.
ase rom, ufro pragmatuli iqneboda afxazeTis izolaciis Sewyveta da
saqarTvelo arCevanis
winaSea: an gaagrZelos,
an SeaCeros procesi,
romelic 15 welia,
grZeldeba da romelic
ekonomikuri sanqciebis
meSveobiT afxazeTs
ruseTisken ubiZgebda.
piriqiT, saerTaSoriso programebSi
misi CarTvis mxardaWera~.
`afxazeTi axla CogburTis burTiviTaa, romelic moednidan axta
da haerSia gamokidebuli. Semdgomi
dartymiT misi nebismier mxares mimarTva SeiZleba~, _ Tqva stambolis
Sexvedraze soxumelma Jurnalistma
ibragim Wkaduam.
afxazi eqspertebis TqmiT, dRes
soxumSi yvelaze mets imaze kamaToben, Tu ramdenad Rrmad SeiZleba
Setopva ruseTTan urTierTobebSi,
da ramdenad bevris Sesyidvis da keTebis ufleba eqneba mas afxazeTSi.
opozicia, damoukidebeli gazeTebis
CaTvliT, aprotestebs sazRvris erToblivi dacvis Sesaxeb ruseTTan
axlaxan xelmoweril SeTanxmebas,
romlis mixedviTac, afxazur mxares
faqtobrivad damkvirveblis roli
aqvs miniWebuli, aseve _ afxazeTis
rkinigzis rusi mewarmeebisTvis savaraudo gadacemas. didi SeSfoTeba
mohyva saxelmwifo dumis spikeris
boris grizlovis amaswindel gancxadebasac imis Sesaxeb, rom kidev 26
sxvadasxva SeTanxmebas unda moeweros xeli.
`saqarTvelo arCevanis winaSea: an
gaagrZelos, an SeaCeros procesi,
romelic 15 welia, grZeldeba da romelic ekonomikuri sanqciebis meSveobiT afxazeTs ruseTisken ubiZgebda. am sanqciebs praqtikuli Sedegi
ar moutania, samagierod, ruseTs
afxazeTis monopolizebis saSualeba
misca. es procesi dResac grZeldeba
da es yvelaze saSiSia~, _ ambobs jonaTan koeni.
da mainc, ivnisSi afxazeTSi gaero-s damkvirvebelTa misiis Sewyvetam kidev erTxel daadastura, rom
kvlav ZalaSia problemisadmi deklaraciuli, radikaluri midgoma.
43
foto svetlana makarova
soxumi
jer kidev gasuli wlis noemberSi
saerTaSoriso analitikuri jgufi
International Crisis Group werda, rom ar
SeiZleba afxazeTidan gaero-s misiis
wasvlis daSveba, rom soxumSi misiis
gagrZelebis imedi aqvT, radgan ruseTTan pirispir darCena ar surT.
axla swored es moxda. gaero-s damkvirvebelTa wasvlis Semdeg farda
daeSva da susti afxazeTi Zlieri
ruseTis pirispir darCa.
`saqarTvelos diplomatia arasodes ar miiRebs iseT gadawyvetilebaSi monawileobas, romelic Tundac
erTi wamiT saeWvos gaxdis Cveni teritoriuli mTlianobis saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv statuss~, _ ganacxada saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa
ministrma grigol vaSaZem.
TbilisSi gamarjvebad miaCniaT imis
miRweva, rom regionis dasaxeleba qaRaldze isev Zveleburia: `afxazeTi
(saqarTvelo)~. realur cxovrebaSi
ki mniSvnelovnad daCqarda ruseTis
mier afxazeTis STanTqma _ es ufro
xom ar hgavs teritoriuli mTlianobis dakargvas?
„SeTanxmeba, romlis mixedviTac,
ruseTi afxazeTis sazRvrebs daicavs da romelsac dRes afxazeTis
opozicia akritikebs, ar aris uvado. igi xuTi wliTaa xelmowerili
vadis gagrZelebis da SeTanxmebis
gadaxedvis uflebiT, _ ambobs liana
kvarCelia, _ xolo Tu am xuTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi danarCeni qveynebi ar
gvaRiareben, xolo dasavleTi da
saqarTvelo afxazeTis izolaciis
politikas gaagrZeleben, maSin es
SeTanxmeba axlandelze met aqtualurobas SeiZens~.
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, dRes
qarTuli sazogadoebis winaSe ise44
Ti situaciaa, rom man unda upasuxos erT umniSvnelovanes kiTxvas:
ra ufro mTavaria saqarTvelosTvis
_ hqondes urTierToba afxazeTTan,
Seqmnas
samomavlo
urTierTobis
perspeqtiva, rodesac devnilebic
SeZleben iq dabrunebas, an raime ekonomikuri urTierTobebi ganviTardeba; Tu ubralod ganacxados xolme, _
es Cveni `sivrcea~? da pasuxze bevri
fiqris dro ar aris.
valter kaufmani miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelodan wasuli mTavari gzavnili unda iyos `mSvidobiani mogvareba~, da ara _ `teritoriuli
mTlianobis aRdgena~.
`uaxloes momavalSi teritoriuli mTlianoba Tu ar miiRweva, raime
sxva mainc iqneba miRweuli~, _ ambobs is. afxazeTidan wamosuli gzavnili ki sainteresod gamoTqva ibragim
Wkaduam: `dasavleTi aRiarebs Cvens
argumentebs, Tuki saqarTvelo aRiarebs maT. ese igi, es argumentebi saqarTvelomde unda mivitanoT~.
stambolSi Sexvedrisas aRiniSna,
rom es da sxva gzavnilebic mxolod
farTo adamianuri urTierTobebis
doneze miaRwevs mizans.
`saqarTvelos mokavSireebi evrokavSiridan araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
cnoben afxazeTs. maT unda dainaxon,
rom saqarTvelo cvlis politikas,
da saqarTvelom isini amaSi unda
daarwmunos, _ ambobs jonaTan koeni, _ afxazeTi unda gaixsnas mTeli
msofliosTvis da ara _ ruseTis saSualebiT. vidre afxazeTi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas mxolod
rusuli institutebis meSveobiT
eurTierTeba, is ruseTis xelSi iqneba. afxazeTi unda gaixsnas, rom adamianebma iqidan msoflioSi imogzau-
ron ara mxolod ruseTis gavliT,
vaWroba gaaCaRos msofliosTan ara
ruseTis gavliT; rac SeiZleba metma evropelma imogzauros afxazeTSi
da iq TavianTi ideebi da faseulobebi Caitanon. es adrec mniSvnelovani
iyo, magram axla gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, radgan afxazeTSi ruseTis
monopolia gaormagda. afxazeTSi
arcTu cota xmaa, romlebsac ruseTis monopolia ar surT. isini saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi dabrunebis
ideas ar iziareben, magram undaT,
rom afxazeTs politikuri arCevanis
Sansi hqondes. da es adamianebi axla
gacilebiT mowyvladebi arian vidre
adre~.
`jon kenedis perifrazireba rom
movaxdinoT, SeiZleba iTqvas: nu fiqrob imaze, ra SeiZleba gagikeTos
Senma oponentma, imaze ifiqre, Sen ra
SegiZlia gaukeTo mas. aseTi midgoma
albaT saqarTvelos imas ver miscems,
ris miRebac mas dauyovnebliv surs.
magram sxva gza _ urTierTdadanaSaulebis, eWvebisa da muqaris _ ukve
nacadia da man is katastrofamde
miiyvana~.
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi cxovreba uklebliv yvela sakiTxisadmi
demokratiul midgomas niSnavs. stambolis Sexvedris erT-erTma afxazma
monawilem, soxumis axalgazrdobis
saxlis direqtorma elene kobaxiam
aRniSna: `Cven [afxazebi da qarTvelebi] mojadoebul wreze davdivarT, _
erTi da imave tragikuli Secdomebis
usasrulod Cadenas gulisxmobda, _
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi cxovreba ki velosipediT siaruls hgavs
_ gamudmebiT unda atrialo pedlebi, Torem daecemi~.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Tbilisis policiis sammarTvelosTan aqciis darbeva
15 ivnisi - `TavSekavebuli
instruqciis
farglebSi~
TviTmxilvelebis TqmiT, 15 ivniss samarTaldamcavebi
gamiznulad urtyamdnen yvela Jurnalists,
operators da ombudsmenis TanamSromels >>
foto REUTERS / daviT mZinariSvili
nino robaqiZe
Tbilisi, 15 ivnisi 2009
15 ivniss TbilisSi policiis sammarTvelos win demonstraciis darbevas
Amnesty International 23 ivniss specialuri gancxadebiT gamoexmaura: saqarTvelos xelisuflebas saerTaSoriso
valdebulebebi Seaxsena, samarTaldamcavebis dasja mosTxova da moqalaqeebis da, gansakuTrebiT, Jurnalistebis
uflebebis dacvisken mouwoda.
im dRes opoziciuri politikuri
partiebis axalgazrduli organizaciebis asamde warmomadgeneli policiis sammarTvelosTan plakatebiT,
megafoniTa da sakuTari dosieebiT
mivida. aqciis monawileebi im eqvsi
mxardamWeris dapatimrebas aprotestebdnen, romlebic 12 ivniss parlamentis win momxdari incidentis gamo
daakaves.
`aliansi saqarTvelosaTvis~ axalgazrduli moZraobis wevri irakli
kaxiZe ixsenebs, rogor vaxSmobda megobrebTan erTad 12 ivniss mcxeTaSi
restoran `salobieSi~, roca saRamos
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
11 saaTisTvis samoqalaqo tansacmelSi
Cacmuli ucnobebi daesxnen Tavs. kaxiZis TqmiT, maT sityvieri da fizikuri
Suracxyofa miayenes. Tavdamsxmelebis
restornidan gaqcevis Semdeg axalgazrduli moZraobis warmomadgenlebis
umravlesoba patrulma im dRes parlamentarebze momxdar TavdasxmaSi
monawileobisTvis restoranSive daapatimra. irakli kaxiZe ar daukavebiaT. rogorc Tavad ambobs, arc is
da arc misi megobrebi parlamentTan
momxdar incidentSi ar monawileobdnen.
15 ivnisis aqciis organizatorebi
hyvebian, rom momitingeebi policiis
sammarTvelosTan xmamaRla kiTxulobdnen sakuTar gvarebs da, maT Soris
danaSaulSi eWvmitanili moqalaqeebis
aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, samarTaldamcavebs sTxovdnen, isini civilizebuli formiT daekavebinaT. plakatebiT
xelSi momitingeebi qalaqis sammarTvelos Senobidan daaxloebiT 20 metrSi,
trotuarze idgnen. iqve iyvnen Jurnalistebic. TviTmxilvelebis TqmiT,
samanqano moZraoba aqciis mimdinareobis dros ar Seferxebula.
aqcia aTi wuTis dawyebuli iqneboda, rodesac momitingeebisken xelketebiTa da kastetebiT SeiaraRebuli
adamianebi daiZrnen. maT nawils _
policiis forma, nawils samoqalaqo
tansacmeli da policiis Jiletebi, nawils ki policiis wiTeli qurTukebi
ecva.
swored es momenti _ darbevis dawyebaa asaxuli ITV-s gadarCenil kadrebze. ismis samarTaldamcavebis
gadaZaxilebic: `ar gauSva, SeaTrie!~
aqciis monawileebi da Jurnalistebi
hyvebian, rom xelketebiT SeiaraRebuli samarTaldamcavebi gacilebiT
meti iyvnen, vidre momitingeebi. isini aqciis monawileebs sami mxridan _
sammarTvelos, sasamarTlos da quCis
mxridan miuaxlovdnen. xelketi yvela Jurnalistsa da aqciis monawileTa umravlesobas moxvda. ramdenime
adamiani sxeulis mZime dazianebebiT
RuduSauris samedicino centrSi gadaiyvanes. `aliansi saqarTvelosaTvis~
erT-erTi lideris, alasanias gundis
wevris, zurab abaSiZis diagnozi sakmaod mZime iyo _ cxviris mravlobiTi
motexiloba da sisxlCaqcevebi mTel
sxeulze.
vaxtang menabde sammarTvelosTan
aqciaze ombudsmenis ofisis formiTa
da kepiT iyo misuli. mas jer sammarTvelos ezoSi scemes, Semdeg ki SenobaSi SeaTries. is ixsenebs, rom daWerili axalgazrdebi sammarTvelos
SenobaSi Seyvanamde iatakze ewvinaT da
ramdenimes isev scemdnen. mogvianebiT,
rogorc ombudsmenis ofisis TanamSromels, mas bodiSi mouxades da sammarTvelos ukana karidan gamouSves.
bodiSi ar mouxdiaT giorgi beqaurisTvis. is hyveba, rom darbevisas daakaves, jer sammarTvelos SenobaSi scemes da Semdeg fexebze mibmuli jaWviT
pirveladi dakavebis izolatorSi
CaaTries, sadac kidev erTxel miayenes fizikuri Seuracxyofa. beqauri
ise iyo nacemi, rom samarTaldamcavebma TviTon waiyvanes RuduSauris
samedicino centrSi, Tumca karamde
ar miiyvanes da gaCerebaze datoves.
giorgi arc daWerilebis, arc dajarimebulebis siaSi ar moxvda.
erT-erTi pirveli informacia, romelic aqciis Semdeg gavrcelda, Si45
nagan saqmeTa saministros gancxadeba
iyo. samarTladamcavebis TqmiT, Tbilisis Sinagan saqmeTa mTavar sammarTvelosTan opoziciis warmomadgenlebma blokireba gaukeTes policiis
mTavar Sesasvlels da samanqano gza
gadaketes. policia Seecada Sesasvlelis da samanqano gzis gaTavisuflebas, momitingeebi ar daemorCilnen
policias da winaaRmdegoba gauwies.
aqciis monawileebi policiisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis faqtze daakaves
da droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorSi
gadaiyvanes.
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros gancxadebis Semdeg, daaxloebiT dRis 3 saaTze orma telekompaniam mauwyebloba
SeaCera. `axla naxos xelisuflebam,
rogoria am arxebis muSaobis gareSe!~
_ ganacxada `maestros~ xelmZRvanelma mamuka Rlontma. Jurnalistebis
ukiduresi protesti, romelmac mayureblis interesi ufro daazarala,
vidre mTavroba, 24 saaTs gagrZelda:
`Cven TviTlikvidacia ar gadagviwyvetia, ubralod, ar gvqonda arc erTi
kadri dRis da ara marto dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani siaxlis saCveneblad~, _ ganmartavs telekompania
`kavkasiis~ sainformacio samsaxuris
ufrosi nino jangiraSvili, romelic
mamuka Rlontis gadawyvetilebas maSinve SeuerTda.
aqciis gasaSuqeblad policiis sammarTvelosTan telekompania `kavkasiis~ da `maestros~ garda, internet-televizia ITV-s, sainformacio
saagentoebis Reuters-sa da I-is, European Pressphoto Agency-sa da Gevision.tv-s
Jurnalistebi da operatorebi iyvnen.
`rusTavi 2~-is, `imedisa~ da sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis gadamRebi jgufebi
aqciaze ar gamoCenilan. samive arxis
xelketebiT scemes
da kamerebi waarTves
`maestros~ or operators,
`kavkasiis~, internet
televiziis, Gevision.
ge-s operatorebs.
fotokamera CamoarTves
da masala wauSales
sainformacio saagento
Reuters-s.
46
sainformacio samsaxurebis prodiuserebma gadatvirTuli grafiki da moucleloba moimizezes.
qalaqis policiis sammarTvelosTan
mSvidobiani mitingis darbevis video
da foto-masalis gadarCena mxolod
internet-televizia ITV.GE-m da sainformacio saagento IPN-ma SeZles.
swored am kadrebis internetiT gavrcelebis Semdeg gaaSuqes sazogadoebrivma arxma, `imedma~ da `rusTavi
2~-ma Sss-s sammarTvelosTan Jurnalistebisa da momitingeebis darbevis
faqti. Tumca nacionaluri arxebis
Jurnalistebi ZiriTadad Sss-sa da
sxvadasxva
samTavrobo
wyaroebze
dayrdnobiT hyvebodnen ambavs, romelsac Zalian bevri TviTmxilveli da
monawile hyavda.
aqciis darbevisas nacemi adamianebis
kadrebs teleeTerSi Sss-s meore gancxadeba mohyva. ministris moadgilem,
eka zRulaZem aqciis monawileebi sammarTvelos Sesasvlelis blokirebaSi
isev daadanaSaula. Tumca isic dasZina, rom policia `TavSekavebuli instruqciis farglebSi~ moqmedebda, da
maTi mizani sami eWvmitanilis dakaveba
iyo, risi uflebac momitingeebma policias ar misces.
im sami eWvmitanilidan, romlebzec
eka zRulaZe laparakobda, erT-erTi
axalgazrduli opoziciuri moZraobis wevri, daCi caguria iyo. moZraobis sxva wevrebis TqmiT, caguria ar
imaleboda, aqciis wina Ramec sakuTar
saxlSi gaatara da axalgazrduli
moZraobis aqtivobebSic Cveulebriv
monawileobda. 15 ivniss aqciis monawileebma ar icodnen, rom policia
cagurias dapatimrebas apirebda, Sesabamisad, samarTaldamcavebisTvis winaaRmdegoba arc gauweviaT. aqciis darbeva moulodnelad daiwyo da sxvebTan
erTad daCi caguriac daiWires.
Sss-s analitikuri departamentis
xelmZRvanelis SoTa utiaSvilis ganmartebiT, sanam procesi fizikur SetakebaSi gadaizrdeboda, daaxloebiT
10_15 policieli gamovida sammarTvelodan da maT danaSaulSi eWvmitanili
pirebis `Cveulebrivi proceduriT~
dapatimreba scades. aqciis sxva monawileebma policias xeli SeuSales da
swored amis Semdeg gamovidnen sammarTvelos Senobidan policiis sxva TanamSromlebi. SoTa utiaSvili ver azustebs policielTa saerTo raodenobas.
aqciis monawileebisa da TviTmxilve-
lebis TqmiT ki, sammarTvelos SenobasTan minimum asi TanamSromeli iyo.
`dakavebis procedura gadaizarda
fizikur SetakebaSi da policielebis
nawilma TviTneburad gadawyvita, rom
ar iqneboda momgebiani am ambis gaSuqeba, ris gamoc, waarTves kamerebi foto
da teleoperatorebs, _ ambobs SoTa
utiaSvili. amitomac daisajnen policiis TanamSromlebi. or maTgans sastiki sayveduri gamovucxadeT, oTxs
sayveduri da sams SeuCerda uflebamosileba~.
15 ivniss xelketebiT scemes da kamerebi waarTves `maestros~ or operators, `kavkasiis~, internet televiziis, Gevision.ge-s operatorebs.
fotokamera CamoarTves da gadaRebuli masala wauSales sainformacio
saagento Reuters-is fotoJurnalists
daTo mZinariSvils. `kavkasiis~ operatori Temur TandaSvili ambobs,
rom kamera gatexili daubrunes da
kasetidan waSales masala, romelsac
darbevis dawyebidan 8-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi iRebda. gadaReba moaswres
studia `maestros~ operatorebmac,
magram maTac wauSales gadaRebuli videomasala. miuxedavad imisa, rom eka
zRulaZis mier JurnalistebisTvis
moxdili bodiSi saparlamento umravlesobis ramdenime wevrma gaimeora da
Jurnalistebs, dazianebuli aparaturis safasurad, zaralis anazRaurebac SesTavaza, videokadrebis waSlas,
prezidentiT dawyebuli, SoTa utiaSviliT damTavrebuli, yvela uaryofs.
`araferi ar mouWriaT da mouparavT~!
_ ganacxada saqarTvelos prezidentma
nino SublaZesTan intervius dros.
policiis sammarTvelos SenobaSi aqciis dros dakavebuli axalgazrdebis
Sesaxeb saxalxo damcvelis ofisi detaluri informaciis mopovebas cdilobs. sozar subaris gancxadebiT,
dakavebulebs wamebis kvali da seriozuli fizikuri dazianebebi ar aReniSnebaT. saxalxo damcveli 15 ivniss policiis Zaladobas winaswar gamiznul
da dagegmil qmedebad Tvlis da danaSaulSi eWvmitanili policielebis pasuxisgebaSi micemas iTxovs. Tumca,
SoTa utiaSvilis gancxadebiT, policielebis es qmedeba spontanuri iyo
da kanonSeusabamo brZaneba aravis gaucia. damnaSave policielebi daisajnen,
xelmZRvaneli pirebis pasuxismgeblobis dayenebis sakiTxi ki dRis wesrigSi
ar dgas.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Tvalsazrisi
xelisuflebis aqilevsis qusli
yovelRame, Tu moxda saswauli da saxlSi wavedi, SiSiT
davyureb telefons. winaswar vici, rom morigi daWeris
TinaTin xidaSeli
respublikuri
partiis wevri
Sesaxeb aucileblad darekaven.
TinaTin xidaSeli
foto REUTERS / stringeri
da orTviani sawyisi sasjeli gamowera, _ SesaZloa, kidev
amis Semdeg daiwyeba dausrulebeli procesi dakavebuSeiZinos iaraRi da amitom unda gamovketoTo. am erT
lis Zebnis, erTi sapatimrodan meoreSi, erTi policiidan
meoreSi da ase uwyvetad. isic ki didi warmatebaa, Tu dag- winadadebaSi imdeni problemaa, erTi didi kvlevisaTvis gamodgeboda. gaugebari da daudgenelia, ra iaraRi
des pativi da gagimxiles, sad waiyvanes da ras edavebian.
amoiRes, gaugebari da daudgenelia, ra viTarebaSi miiRo
meTodebi Zvelia da mravaljer nacadi. narkotikebi an
policiam Cvenebebi, daudgeneli da gaugebaria zigzaueris
samxedro arsenali, romelsac zogjer bavSvebis karadaSi
pouloben, zogjer sxvenSi, da iSviaTad jibeSi. an ra mniS- istoria, romelic saerTod ar amouRiaT Cxrekis dros,
Tumca Semdeg swored is `aRmouCines~ da bolos, gaugebavneloba aqvs, sad ipovnian, an saerTod ipovnian Tu ara,
ria mTavari _ Tuki mosamarTlem daijera babuis istoria,
rodesac arc mowme gWirdeba da arc pasuxis momkiTxavi
gyavs. Cven gamoZiebas angelozad movlenili hyavs mantiaSi gadawyvetilebaSi kidev erTxel SeZenis SesaZlebloba ra
motivaciiT dauSva.
gaxveuli dabrmavebuli marTlmsajuleba, romelic erTi
gasul kviras, aseTi dapatimrebebi gorSic moxda. mTeCaquCis dartymiT, erTmaneTis miyolebiT, mTel saqarTveli qalaqi quCaSi gamovida. saqarTvelo patara qveyanaa
loSi iseTi xalisiT wers orTviani patimrobis ganaCenebs,
da yvelam yvelaferi icis, gori
madlierebis niSnad, kolekidev ufro pataraa, da veravis
gas dasasveneblad uSvebdes
gamoapareb avsa da kargs. gorelebi
TiTqos.
amboben, _ mTeli qalaqis Tvalia gues saqmeebi gaWrili vaSdaZeebis ojaxi da maTi biWebio. ver
liviT hgavs erTmaneTs. akaipoviT maTze avis mTqmels. Tumca
veben gvian RamiT, akaveben
gorSi aravis epareba eWvi, rom swoZiriTadad quCaSi, Semdeg
red aseTi biWebis daWeriT cdilobs
mravali saaTis ganmavlobaSi
xelisufleba sayovelTao SiSisa da
am axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb
daucvelobis sindromis damkvidrearaferi ismis da, rodesac
bas. swored iseTi sanimuSo, pativsaSeZrwunebuli mSoblebi da
cemi da qalaqis sayvareli adamianeaxloblebi qveyanas aawiokebis _ rogorebic Tamaz tlaSaZe da
ben maTTvis Zvirfasi adamiazaal gudaZe arian _ daWeriT unda
nebis ZebnaSi, vinme keTilis
policiasTan Setakebis Semdeg, Tbilisi, 28 maisi 2009
xelisuflebas, yvela daarwmunos,
msurveli inkognito Cumad
agebinebT, _ ama da am policiaSi hyavT, narkotiki / iaraRi rom ukan araferze daixevs, yvelas daiWers, samarTals
Caugdeso. Semdeg tardeba sasamarTlo procesebi winaswar gaayalbebs da SiSze dafuZnebul morCil sazogadoegansazRvruli msjavriT. rogorc wesi, dakavebulebi dana- bas Seqmnis. magram gorSi sami dRis ganmavlobaSi xalxi
quCaSi gamodioda. dakavebis dRes aTeulobiT adamiani
Sauls ar aRiareben, mosamarTles Zaladobisa da zewolis
maCerebda gorSi da miyveboda maT Sesaxeb, siyvaruls
Sesaxeb uyvebian. Tumca marTlmsajulebas CvenTan Tvagamoxatavda da daxmarebas mTxovda.
lebic da yurebic daxSuli aqvs da Sedegic, Sesabamisad,
am istoriebSi ki, piradi tragediis garda, gacilebiT
erTmaneTis msgavsia.
ufro didi xifaTi devs. aTeulobiT daWerili Cveni
Cemi msjeloba carieli sityvebi da mxolod emocia rom
Tanamoqalaqis saqmeebi, SesaZloa, xelisuflebis aqilevsis
ar iyos, TbilisSi `aliansi saqarTvelosTvis~ CuRureTis
qusli da dasasrulis dasawyisi aRmoCndes. usamarTlod
Stabis ufrosis, respublikeli mixeil gabunias saqmis
ganwirul, nacem da cixeebSi gamoketil axalgazrdebs
erT detals movyvebi. mosamarTles wesiT saqmeSi unda
ojaxebi, naTesavebi da megobrebi hyavT. bunebrivia, maTi
waekiTxa, rom dakavebis dros gabunias makarovis tipis
umravlesoba opoziciuri partiebis wevrebi da, SesaZloa,
iaraRi amouRes, romelzec Turme Tavadac uTqvams, _
mxardamWerebic ki ar arian, magram rac ufro gaizrdeba
babuam maCuqao. Tumca, Semdeg imave saqmis masalebSi, sxva
im adamianebis wre, romelTac qveyanaSi gaZlierebuli
gverdze weria, rom amoRebuli iaraRi zigzaueri yofila.
usamarTlobis talRa gadauvlis, miT ufro rTuli
miSa gabuniam ki mosamarTles dawvrilebiT moaxsena, ra
gaxdeba yvelaze ufro mSvidi da gawonasworebuli
viTarebaSi da rogori zewoliT moawerines xeli saqmis
adamianebis emociebis kontroli.
babuis nawilze. WeSmaritebis dadgenis surviliT aRsavse mosamarTles kiTxvebi, eWvebi, interesi ar gasCenia
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
47
foto Temo barZimaSvili
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba
48
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
masala momzadda daniuri
organizacia SCOOP-is
finansuri mxardaWeriT
Jurnalisturi gamoZieba
farmaciis
bneli mxare
saqarTvelos mosaxleobam ar icis, ra wamlebs
svams. faruli garigebisa da korufciis niSnebi
qarTul farmacevtul biznesSi
eliso janaSia da studia `monitori~
oligopoliuri
farmacevtuli bazari
saqarTveloSi, moqalaqis mier jandacvaze gaweuli xarjis 48% wamlebze
modis da ara eqimis momsaxurebaze.
radgan qveyanaSi dazRvevis instituti
jer kidev ar aris saTanadod ganviTarebuli, amitom pacientebs wamlebis
SeZena sakuTari jibidan uwevT. wamlis
Tanxas arc yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli saxelmwifo programa e.w.
5-lariani dazRveva anazRaurebs.
2008 wels saqarTveloSi wliuri
inflacia 5,5 procenti iyo. globaluri da omisSemdgomi krizisis gamo,
produqtsa da sxvadasxva moxmarebis saganze fasebi Tu SesamCnevad ar
klebulobs, arc izrdeba. erTaderTi
gamonaklisi medikamentebia. gasuli
wlidan dRemde ZiriTadi moxmarebis
wamlebis fasi rig SemTxvevebSi 200
procentiTac gaizarda.
sadazRvevo kompania `arqimedes~
direqtori, nika ramiSvili, romelic
erTi weli akvirdeboda wamlis fasebis
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
dinamikas, acxadebs, rom farTo moxmarebis medikamentebze fasi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. magaliTad, 2008 wlis
ianvridan dekembramde ultrabiotikis
fasi 11, 75-dan _ 19 laramde, preduqtali 15,30-dan _ 32, 45 laramde, amoqsicilini 1,48-dan _ 3,20 laramde, giniprali 2,50-dan _ 9 laramde, movalisi
16, 38-dan _ 22 laramde. `Tu davakvirdebiT qarTul bazarze arsebul 7000mde dasaxelebis wamals, maSin medikamentebze fasebi saerTo jamSi mxolod
2-3%-iT izrdeba, magram Tu 100 yvelaze moTxovnadi wamlis fasis analizs vakeTebT, maSin zrda Zalian didia~,
_ acxadebs ramiSvili. misive TqmiT,
noembridan dRemde am medikamentebis
fasi kidev 10-15%-iT gaizarda.
`roca qveyanaSi umuSevrobaa, bankebma, sadazRvevo organizaciebma da
samSeneblo kompaniebma xalxi samsaxuridan gaaTavisufles da msyidvelunarianoba mcirdeba, aseT viTarebaSi
aralogikuria wamlebze fasi gaizardos~, _ ambobs nika ramiSvili da, erTi
SexedviT, alogikur movlenas ase xsnis: `me rom farmacevtuli kompaniis
prezidenti viyo da, faqtobrivad, ar
myavdes konkurenti, ra fassac minda,
imas davadebdi~.
`bazari, romelSic ori-sami msxvili kompania 70-80%-s flobs, oligopoliur bazars warmoadgens, rac imas
niSnavs, rom am firmebs aqvT faruli
garigebis SesaZlebloba, romlis mizania fasebis xelovnuri zrda da warmoebis SezRudva, ramac saboloo jamSi
SeiZleba momxmarebeli daazaralos~, _
acxadebs damoukidebeli eqsperti, daviT narmania.
`aversisa~ da PSP-s oficialuri vebgverdebze miTiTebulia, rom `aversi~
qveynis farmacevtuli bazris 35%-s
akontrolebs, PSP ki _ 30%-ze mets. sididiT mesame kompania _ GPC ki bazris
15%-ze metis mflobelia, rac imaze
miuTiTebs, rom qarTuli farmacevtuli bazari oligopoliuria.
oligopoliur bazarze TiToeuli firmis gadawyvetileba gavlenas
49
axdens sabazro situaciaze da, amave
dros, damokidebulia sxva firmebis
gadawyvetilebebze, romlis miRebisas
oligopolisti firma iZulebuli xdeba, gaiTvaliswinos bazris sxva moTamaSis SesaZlo reaqciac.
moSlili saxelmwifo kontroli da
ukontrolo fasebi
evrokavSiris qveynebSi, didi britaneTisa da germaniis garda, saxelmwifos mier wamlis fasebze pirdapiri
kontroli xorcieldeba. am or qveyanaSic mxolod axaldapatentebuli
wamlis fasebia Tavisufali. saqarTveloSi, Tavad farmacevtuli bazrisgan gansxvavebiT, fasebi Tavisufalia;
imdenad Tavisufali da ukontrolo,
rom xSirad wamalze fasnamatebi aTas
procentamdec adis. fasebis cvlilebebze zemoqmedebis faqtorebs PSP
ucxoeli mwarmoeblis mier fasebis matebiT da valutis kursis cvlilebiT
xsnis da acxadebs, _ `kursis cvlilebiT gamowveuli fasebis zrdis winaaRmdeg Cven faqtobrivad uZlurebi
varT~.
`evrosa da dolaris kursis cvalebadoba garkveulwilad axdens gavlenas fasebze, magram Tu ucxouri
valutis kursi izrdeba, farmacevtuli kompaniebi maSinve zrdian fasebs,
xolo Tu kursi mcirdeba, samwuxarod,
fasebs aravin amcirebs~, _ acxadebs
eqperti, daviT narmania.
Cven mier mopovebuli informaciis
mixedviT, sabaJoebze Semotanili wamlis fassa da sapraiso, anu saboloo
fass Soris fasnamati aseulobiT procents utoldeba. informacia amowerilia konkretuli invoisebidan da
miTiTebulia dokumentis nomeri da
TariRi.
■ duovitis sapraiso fasia 11,22 l,
xolo Semotanis _ 1,5 evro. fasnamati
`firmebs aqvT faruli
garigebis SesaZlebloba,
romlis mizania fasebis
xelovnuri zrda da
warmoebis SezRudva,
ramac saboloo jamSi
SeiZleba momxmarebeli
daazaralos.~
50
gamodis 247,4% (invoisi #329 2008, 22
seqtemberi PSP).
■ ciprinolis sapraiso fasia 9,87 l,
sazRvarze Semotanis fasi 1,75 evro,
fasnamati _ 162% (invoisi #329 2008,
22 seqtemberi PSP).
■ valokordinis (50 ml) sapraiso fasia
9,36 l, Semotanis fasi invoisis mixedviT 0,73 evro. fasnamati _ 208% (invoisi #276 2008, 26 ivlisi PSP).
■ PEO 1G (ceftriaxone) gasayidi fasia
13.48 l, Semotanis fasi 0,75 evro, fasnamati 735% (invoisi #225 2008, 26 ivnisi PSP).
PSP-m zemoT CamoTvlili fasnamatebi ar daadastura. mis mier mowodebuli informaciiT, fasnamati wamlebze
0-30%-mde meryeobs sabiTumo vaWrobaSi da 0-20%-mde sacalo vaWrobaSi.
Tumca, psp-s farmacevtuli qarxnis
GMP-s warmomadgenelma, giorgi anTaZem, gadacema bizneskurierSi (18.06.09)
dasmul imave SekiTxvas sxvagvarad
upasuxa da aRniSnuli fasnamatebi ar
uaryo, rac `kompaniis transportirebis, saoperacio da rigi danaxarjebiT~
axsna.
2005 wlis 15 agvistos, saqarTvelos
janmrTelobisa da socialuri proeqtebis Euro Health Group-ma moamzada
farmacevtuli politikisa da regulaciebis rekomendaciebi, romelic
16-punqtiania da erT-erT punqtSi miTiTebulia, rom jandacvis politikis
saagentom upiratesoba unda mianiWos
medikamentebis fasebis regulaciis
sxvadasxva meTods, imisaTvis, rom
dadgindes sawyisi fasis raime forma.
msgavs rekomendaciebSi, romelic
sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier periodulad keTdeba, xelisuflebas milionobiT lari aqvs
gadaxdili, Tumca, TiTqmis arc erTi
maTgani ar Sesrulebula.
axali afTiaqebis bazridan
gaqrobis mizezebi
jandacvis saministros informaciis
Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi 6000-ze meti
dasaxelebis medikamenti Semodis, romelTa saerTo Rirebuleba 2006w. 99
mln. dolari, 2007w. _145 mln. dolari, xolo gasul wels 129 mln. dolari
iyo. aqedan TiTqmis naxevris importiori PSP da `aversia~ da maTi wili
medikamentebis importSi daaxloebiT
imdenia, ramdenic danarCeni 50-mde importiorisa erTad.
`sami ZiriTadi moTamaSe (PSP, `aver-
si~, GPC) am bazarze SeTanxmda da
momwodeblebi gadainawiles. vTqvaT,
romeliRac Tu muSaobs `rixterTan~,
danarCeni ori masTan ar muSaobs. Tu
eubnebi, _ axali organizacia var da
minda TqvenTan TanamSromloba, _ geubnebian, _ me maqvs xelSekruleba ukve
arsebulebTan da meti aRar mWirdeba~,
_ acxadebs erT-erTi afTiaqis mepatrone, romelic vinaobis gamxelas,
mosalodneli problemebis Seqmnis
gamo, ufrTxis. aseTi afTiaqebi ver
TanamSromloben msxvil mwarmoebel
kompaniebTan da iZulebulebi arian,
medikamentebi adgilobrivi Semomtanebisgan TiTqmis sacalo fasSi SeiZinon.
farmacevtuli kompania `saxalxo
afTiaqis~ 33 afTiaqis mflobeli, valeri kvaracxelia im periods ixsenebs,
roca qarTul farmacevtul bazarze
daiwyo damkvidreba. `urTulesi iyo
ucxoel momwodeblebTan urTierToba. 2 weli dagvWirda, rom es Caketili wre gagverRvia. pirveli kompania
iyo `berlinhemi~, romelmac CvenTanac dado xelSekruleba, ris Semdegac konkurentebma fasis dagdeba scades. pirvel etapze, rusuli kompania
`proteki~ gvawvdida wamlebs. aseT
SemTxvevaSi
fasi gezrdeba, radgan
mwarmoebelsa da Sen Soris kidev erTi
rgolia. SekveTas roca akeTeb da fass
dagigdeben, SeiZleba did kompanias ar
daetyos, magram patara gaanadguros.
SeiZleba gaqre saerTod, da ase, sxvaTa
Soris, bevri kompania gaqra saqarTveloSi. Cvenc vizaraleT, magram avitaneT es yvelaferi da gadavrCiT~.
PSP-s dRes saqarTveloSi 120 afTiaqi aqvs, `averss~ _ 160. amave dros, isini msxvili importiorebi arian da sxva
afTiaqis mflobelebi wamlebis ZiriTad nawils am ori msxvili kompaniisgan iZenen. `aversi~ da PSP adgilobriv
afTiaqebs wamlebs mis mier dawesebuli
sacalo fasis 14%-iani fasdaklebiT
aZlevs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom `aversi~ da PSP, garda imisa, rom sacalo da
sabiTumo vaWrobas ewevian, maT aseve
sxva afTiaqebis Semosavlis kontrolis sruli saSualebac aqvT, radgan
axali afTiaqi, medikamentze ufro
maRali fasis dawesebis SemTxvevaSi,
wamals veRar gayidis da am ori kompaniis saafTiaqo qsels konkurencias
veRar gauwevs. am 14%-dan afTiaqebi
araTu mogebas iReben, sxvadasxva gadasaxadebis gaTvaliswinebiT, damoukideblad arsebobac uWirT. erT-erTi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
respondentis TqmiT, momwodeblebis
mxridan 14%-iani fasdaklebis mizania,
rom konkurentebisTvis afTiaqebis
SenarCuneba SeuZlebeli gaxdes. statistika aCvenebs, rom am ori kompaniis
afTiaqebis raodenoba TandaTan izrdeba, damoukidebeli afTiaqebisa ki,
piriqiT, mcirdeba.
Cven kiTxvaze, Tu ratom daaweses
14%-iani fasdakleba, PSP zogad gancxadebas akeTebs: `biznesSi miRebuli
da aprobirebuli meTodia _ sacalo
da sabiTumo vaWrobaSi disqaunTi damokidebulia ama Tu im konkretuli
Sesyidvis moculobaze da gadaxdis pirobebze~.
evropul qveynebSi wamalze fass saxelmwifo aregulirebs. umetes qveyanaSi sacalo da sabiTumo afTiaqebs
Soris sxvaoba 20-dan 30%-mde meryeobs. erTaderTi gamonaklisia didi britaneTis 17%, magram iq afTiaqebisTvis
damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi
ar arsebobs. (`farmacevtuli seqtoris regulireba evropaSi: efeqturobis, xarisxisa da TanasworobisaTvis~.
avtorebi: e. mosialosi, m. mrazeki, t.
uoli). 14% mxolod saqarTveloSia.
foto Temo barZimaSvili
`aversi~ da PSP klinikebis
mflobelebi
garda imisa, rom `aversi~ da PSP
msxvili importiorebi arian, floben
farmacevtul qarxnebs, awarmoeben medikamentebis generikebs, maT sakuTari
klinikebic aqvT. kompania `aversi~ ramdenime klinikis mflobelia, maT Soris, TbilisSi, marneulSi, rusTavSi,
lanCxuTsa da gorSi. imave gegmis Sesaxeb PSP sakuTari veb-gverdidan iuwye-
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
ba: `zogadad, PSP-jgufi moiazreba
saqarTvelos bazarze, rogorc yvelaze msxvili hospitaluri operatori,
romelic samedicino bazris mesameds,
daaxloebiT, 35-40%-s daikavebs~.
ramdenad
keTilsindisieria
erTdroulad awarmoo, gaanawilo, dauniSno da umkurnalo sakuTari wamlebiT, aris Tu ara farmacevtuli
kompaniebis mier klinikebis gaxsna
interesTa SeuTavsebloba? am kiTxvas
PSP ase pasuxobs: `interesTa konfliqti ar arsebobs. migvaCnia, rom kompania, romelic gaTviTcnobierebulia
da axlos aris janmrTelobis dacvis
sferosTan, maRal doneze SeZlebs saavadmyofoebis marTvas. es farTod
miRebuli praqtikaa amerikasa da germaniaSi~.
bazris ufro srulyofilad asaTviseblad es ori farmacevtuli kompania
qarTvel eqimebs wamlebis daniSvnas
an medikamentebis maTi saafTiaqo qselidan Sesyidvas `urCevs~. eqimebi amis
Sesaxeb xmamaRla ar saubroben, magram
pacientebma mogvawodes am kompaniebis
logoiani is receptismagvari qviTrebi, romelzec eqimebi wamlebs weren.
qviTari or piradaa _ erTi pacients
eZleva, romliTac is miTiTebul afTiaqSi SeiZens wamals da qviTars datovebs, xolo meore piri eqims rCeba
imis sabuTad, rom man aRniSnuli kompaniis wamali gamowera. am meTodiT
farmacevtul kompaniebs eqimebis kontrolis saSualeba eZlevaT. erT-erTi
Sida moxmarebis dokumentidan irkveva,
rom garkveuli raodenobis wamlis gamoweris sanacvlod, kompania eqimebs, waxalisebis mizniT, unazRaurebs
ucxoeTSi konferenciaze mogzaurobis
xarjebs, an aZlevs fulad bonusebs.
eqimebsa da farmacevtul kompaniebs Soris arsebul ukanono garigebas
`adamianis uflebaTa centric~ amxels.
maTi warmomadgenlebis TqmiT, eqimebi
avadmyofebs aZleven daniSnulebas da
pirdapir uTiTeben, avaleben, medikamentebi konkretul afTiaqSi SeiZinon.
`xSiria SemTxveva, roca konkretul
avadmyofs mocemuli medikamentebiT
mkurnaloba ar esaWiroeba, magram mas
Zvirad Rirebuli wamlebi SeaZenines.
aRmoCnda, rom eqimebi afTiaqebisagan
Tvis bolos gayiduli wamlis odenobis 7%-s iReben gasamrjelod~, _ acxadeben isini.
darRvevebi warmoebaSi
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, saregistracio procedura iTvaliswinebs generikebis (preparati, romelsac gauvida sapatento vada da aRar
warmoadgens gamomgoneblis sakuTrebas da mis warmoebas sxvadasxva mwarmoeblebi iwyeben) bioekvivalentobis
(generikis originalTan Sesabamisoba)
kvlevis masalebis eqspertizasac. kanonSi miTiTebuli araa, vin SeiZleba
gaakeTos saqarTvelos farmacevtuli
qarxnebis mier damzadebuli wamlis
bioekvivalentobis analizi, amitomac
am funqcias sakuTar Tavze iReben Tavad farmakompaniebi, romlebsac, gamodis, rom saxelmwifo `brmad~ endoba.
samedicino regulirebis saagentodan
mowodebuli informaciis mixedviT,
sul 24 qarTuli warmoebis preparatia msgavsi meTodiT gamokvleuli.
eqspertebi eWvqveS ayeneben jandacvis
saministros mier mowodebul informacias da acxadeben, rom dokumentSi miTiTebul droSi, anu ramdenime
TveSi, aTeulobiT generikis kvlevis
Catareba SeuZlebelia. PSP-s monacemebiT, kompaniam amgvari kvleva 21 preparatze Caatara. maTive mtkicebiT,
TiToeulis kvlevas 4-6 Tve moandoma.
arada, saqarTveloSi 907 samkurnalo
saSualeba iwarmoeba.
`qarTuli generikebis bioekvivalentoba dadasturebuli ar aris~, _ am
gancxadebas eqsperti Tina turZelaZe akeTebs. es niSnavs, rom aravin icis,
saqarTveloSi warmoebuli wamlebi
Seesabameba Tu ara originals da ramdenad xarisxiania. qarTul farmaciaSi generikebis raodenoba dRiTi dRe
izrdeba da originalebs enacvleba. es
51
Canacvleba xSirad sasamarTlo davis
saganic xdeba.
franguli farmacevtuli kompania
`le laboratua servie~, ukve erTi
welia, sapatento uflebis darRvevis
gamo, PSP-s farmacevtul qarxanas,
GMP-s sasamarTloSi uCivis. qarxana GMP, ukve 2 welia, `agulansa~ da
`amras~ awarmoebs, romlebic, franguli kompaniis mtkicebiT, maT mier
dapatentebul aqtiur nivTiereba `perindoprils~ Seicavs. `servies~ advokatis gancxadebiT, safrangeTisa
da britaneTis laboratoriebma daadastures, rom qarTuli preparati
aRniSnul nivTierebas Seicavs, Tumca
qarTulma sasamarTlom daskvna ar
gaiziara. GMP-m sarCels axali sarCeli Seageba da frangul kompanias
saqarTveloSi patentis arasworad
miRebaSi dasdo brali, Tumca sasamarTlo dava waago. GMP-Si
arc erTi generikuli medikamenti ar
iwarmoeba, romlis patentis vada gasuli ar aris. `servies~ SemTxvevaSi,
Cven eWvqveS vayenebT misTvis patentis gacemis samarTlebriobas. maT
patents evropaSi vada gauvida da amitom saqarTveloSic unda gauqmdes~,
_ acxadebs PSP.
`qarTuli farmakologiuri firmebi
cdiloben, jer kidev dapatentebuli
ucxouri originali preparatebi qarTuli warmoebis preparatebiT Caanacvlon, im sababiT, rom dairRva kanoni,
magaliTad safrangeTSi, da samarTals
saqarTveloSi eZeben. qarTuli bazari
ki sakmaod pataraa ucxouri farmacevtuli gigantebisTvis da, Sesabamisad,
naklebad sainteresoc, amitom qarTul
bazarze TavianTi interesebis dasacavad iSviaTad daoben~, _ acxadebs turZelaZe
`serviesgan~ gansxvavebiT, pretenziebi ar gaaCnia Sveicariul kompania
`hofman la roSis~, romlis kuTvnili
medikamentis _ `qsenikalis~ generiks,
saxelwodebiT _`orlipi~, aseve qarTuli kompania GMP amzadebs. saqarTveloSi `hofman la roSis~ warmomadgenlis, giorgi ramiSvilis gancxadebiT,
es ar ewinaaRmdegeba sapatento uflebebs, radgan preparats saerTaSoriso
patenti ki aqvs, magram saqarTveloSi
dapatentebuli ar aris. misive TqmiT,
`orlipi~ evropis qveynebSi verasodes
gava, radgan evropis bazarze maTi kompaniis mier damzadebuli medikamenti
iyideba.
52
farmacevtuli kompaniebis
lobistebi xelisuflebaSi
`mogesalmebiT, pativcemulo sazogadoebav! minda SemogTavazoT Cemi
xedva, rogorc parlamentis wevris da
farmacevtul seqtorSi moRvawe menejeris~, (saqarTvelos parlamentis
janmrTelobis dacvis da socialur
sakiTxTa komitetis sxdomis oqmi #51;
28.04.2005) _ ase mimarTa deputatma oqriaSvilma komitetis sxdomaze
Sekrebil sazogadoebas. gamosvlaSi
wamlebis xarisxs gakvriT Seexo da wamlebis saagentos farmacevtuli biznesis dacvisken Riad mouwoda: `farmaciis, rogorc ekonomikis dargis
ganviTarebis xelSewyobis misia unda
gaiazros saagentos yvela TanamSromelma da amiT ixelmZRvanelos yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi~.
oqriaSvilis gamosvlaSi ori winaaRmdegobaa: pirveli _ kanoni ukrZalavs saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs paralelurad iyos menejeri; meore _ wamlis
saagentos mizania …`mosaxleobis efeqturi, usafrTxo da maRali xarisxis
samkurnalo saSualebebiT uzrunvelsayofad farmacevtuli dawesebulebebis saxelmwifo zedamxedveloba da kontroli~, da ara _ biznesis xelSewyoba.
2005 wlis pirvel ivliss kaxa
oqriaSvilma parlamentis sxdomas `kanonproeqtis Seqmnis mizani~ ganumarta, rogorc `biznesTan dakavSirebuli
saxelmwifo prioritetis mxardaWera,
rac biznesisTvis zedmeti biurokratiuli procedurebis gamartivebaSi
gamoixateba~. sxdomis stenogramidan
irkveva, rom komitetis Tavmjdomaris,
gigi wereTlis ganmartebiT, saTanado
cvlilebebi komitetSi kaxa oqriaSvilis iniciativiT momzadda.
kanonSi ori ZiriTadi cvlileba moxda, romlis Sedegadac, wamlis registraciis maZieblisTvis medikamentis
Semotanis da gayidvis uflebis mopoveba gamartivdeba. cvlilebis Tanaxmad,
`registraciaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, saagento valdebulia, dauyovnebliv werilobiT acnobos dasabuTebuli uari registraciis maZiebels~. Tu
kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi `registraciis maZiebels ar ecnobeba gadawyvetileba registraciaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb, samkurnalo saSualeba registrirebulad iTvleba da saagento valdebulia, gasces saregistracio mowmoba~. amave dros, wamlis registraciis
vada 4-dan 3 Tvemde Semcirda.
wamlis saagentos yofili ufrosi
Tina turZelaZe acxadebs, rom `farmacevtuli bazris regulaciis mTavari
instrumentia registracia, anu wamlebis saxelmwifo eqspertiza, romlis
safuZvelzec maTi bazarze daSvebis
nebarTva gaicema. saxelmwifom ki,
erTi mxriv, SezRuda registraciis
vada, meore mxriv _ wamlis saagentos
saStato erTeuli; ar gamoyo saTanado dafinanseba. saproceduro vadis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi ki, dawunebuli
wamlis bazarze Semosvlis albaToba
gaizarda. jandacvis komitetis mier
wamlis Sesaxeb kanonSi gakeTebuli es
Canaweri msoflio farmacevtul kanonmdeblobaSi uprecedentoa~.
farmacevtuli bazris regulaciaSi
2002 wlis 3 maissac moxda erTi niSandoblivi cvlileba, romelic wamlebis
seriul kontrols exeboda. jandacvis
maSindelma ministrma, amiran gamyreliZem gamosca brZaneba, romlis Tanaxmad, savaldebulo seriul kontrols
eqvemdebareboda: a) substanciebi; b)
narkotikuli da sanarkoze saSualebebi; g) vaqcinebi da Sratebi; d) sisxlis
preparatebi, sisxlis Semcvlelebi da
xsnarebi konservaciisTvis; e) antibiotikebi; v) sainfuzio gadasasxmeli
xsnarebi; z) saineqcio samkurnalo saSualebebi; T) Tvalis wveTebi; i) pediatriuli wamlebi.
erTi Tvis Tavze, ministris axali
brZanebiT, CamonaTvalidan amoiRes
e), v), z), T), i) qvepunqtebi, ris Semdegac aRniSnuli jgufis medikamentTa seriuli Semowmeba kontrols aRar
eqvemdebareba. am gadawyvetilebis
analiziT irkveva, rom gauqmda yvela
im medikamentis seriuli Semowmeba,
romelic kerZo biznesis warmomadgenlebs SemohqondaT saqarTveloSi.
CamonaTvalSi datoves yvela iseTi medikamenti, romelic saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos Semoaqvs da romelTa (magaliTad, narkotikuli saSualebebis da
Sratebis) Semowmebac, laboratoriis
ararsebobis gamo, SeuZlebelia.
am brZanebiT ZalaSi darCa substanciebis anu im nivTierebebis saxelmwifo seriuli kontroli, romlisganac
mzaddeba wamali. Tumca, eqspertebi
acxadeben, rom ar xdeba substanciebis
saTanado kontroli: `kacma ar icis,
risgan mzaddeba wamali. farmacevtuli
kompaniebi TviTon akeTeben substanciisa da gamzadebuli wamlis analizs da Tavadve gascemen sarealizacio
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
sertifikats. SerCeviTi kontroli
mainc unda tardebodes normalurad
da es unda xdebodes sistematurad
da ara weliwadSi erTxel an orjer~,
_ acxadebs laboratoria `jeolabis~
direqtori, qeTevan baramiZe.
kompania PSP-s gancxadebiT, `substanciebi Semodis amerikidan da evropis wamyvani qveynebidan. warmoebisaTvis aucilebeli aqtiuri substanciis
yvela seria ki qarxana GMP-s Tanamedrove donis laboratoriaSi mowmdeba~. kompania `aversis~ warmomadgenlebma interviuze uari ganacxades, maT
arc Cven mier gagzavnil werilobiT
kiTxvebze gasces pasuxi.
Tavad medikamentebs, romlis substanciebi da in balkebi (daufasoebeli
preparati, romelic blisterebSi jer
ar aris ganawilebuli) Semotanilia
sxvadasxva qveynidan, ar aweria mwarmoebeli qveyana da sabolood masze mwarmoebel qveynad uTiTeben saqarTvelos.
es imas niSnavs, rom momxmarebelma ar
icis, romeli qveynidan Semotanili
nivTierebebiTa da substanciebiT damzadebul preparats moixmars. wamalze mwarmoeblis armiTiTeba ama Tu im
saeWvo warmomavlobis preparatis SeniRbvis saukeTeso saSualebaa.
seriulis msgavsad, kanoniT, savaldebuloa medikamentebis SerCeviTi kontrolic. 2007 da 2008 wlebSi, wamlis
saagentom tenderSi gamarjvebis Semdeg
kontraqti gauforma farmacevtul
laboratoria `jeolabs~. laboratoriam 2007 wlis oqtombridan dekembris
CaTvliT 236 medikamenti gamoikvlia,
saidanac 39 dasaxelebis medikamenti
(17%) uvargisi aRmoCnda. amave wels wamlis saagentom `jeolabs~ Seamowmebina
97 saregistracio nimuSi. aqedan 12-is
analizis meTodebi uvargisi iyo, 43 ki
e.w. riskis jgufs wamoadgenda.
2008 wels, `jeolabTan~ kontraqti
wlis miwuruls, 29 oqtombers gaformda, xolo sakvlevi medikamentebi _ 47 saregistracio nimuSi da 39
medikamenti SerCeviTi kontrolisTvis laboratoriaSi dekembris TveSi Sevida. 47-dan 3 uvargisi iyo, 7-s
uvargisi analizis meTodebi hqonda,
anu misi vargisianoba ar dasturdeboda. 39 medikamentidan ki uvargisi arc
erTi ar aRmoCnda. `rac Seexeba 2009
wels, mTeli es periodi farmacevtuli bazari ukontrolodaa. saxelmwifo
mTeli weli rom wamals ar iyidis da
dekembris bolos 39 dasaxelebis mediliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
kaments Seamowmebs, amas kontroli ar
hqvia~, _ ambobs qeTevan baramiZe.
aRmoCnda, rom wels, fasTa kotirebiT SerCeulma saxelmwifo laboratoriam _ `wamlis xarisxis kontrolis centrma~ gaimarjva. sagangebo
testeris arqonis gamo, es laboratoria wels medikamentebis srul analizs ver atarebs, amitom garkveul
medikamentebze testebs PSP-s qarxnis
GMP-s laboratorias SeukveTavs. qeTevan baramiZis gancxadebiT, garda
imisa, rom es interesTa konfliqts
iwvevs, aseve saSualebas iZleva, yvela mwarmoeblis analizis konfidencialuri meTodi da wamlis dosieebi
Tavisuflad moxvdes adgilobrivi
mwarmoeblis xelSi.
GMP-s warmomadgeneli interesTa
konfliqts ver xedavs da acxadebs,
rom yvela qveyanaSi mwarmoebeli amowmebs sakuTar medikamentebs, xolo
Tu saxelmwifos xarisxis gadamowmebis
survili eqneba, ra Tqma unda, saamiso
instruments unda flobdes.
qarTul bazarze 6000-ze meti wamlis sxvadasxva doza-formis 18 000mde preparati brunavs. gasul wels
saagentom mxolod 39 Seamowma. saxel-
bi
pensionerebis
medikamentebiT
uzrunvelyofisTvis 755 000 lari
gamoeyo. imave 17 dekembers gamoica
quTaisis meriis brZaneba, quTaisSi
am programis farglebSi momsaxure
saafTiaqo qselis SerCevisTvis droebiTi sakonkurso komisiis Seqmnis
Sesaxeb. amave 17 dekembers gazeT
`24 saaTSi~ amis Sesaxeb gancxadeba
gamoqveynda. gancxadebis Tanaxmad,
sakonkurso winadadeba wardgenili
unda yofiliyo 18 dekembris 10-dan
16 saaTamde, xolo gamarjvebuli
unda gamovleniliyo amave 18 dekembers 16 saaTis Semdeg. sakonkurso
komisiis sxdomis oqmi Sedgenilia
amave 18 dekembers 16 saaTsa da 30
wuTze, romliTac irkveva, rom
konkursSi Sps `aversisa~ da PSP-s
erToblivma winadadebam gaimarjva.
(`axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis~
mier Catarebuli samTavrobo fondebis monitoringis angariSidan)
ramdenime Tvis Semdeg PSP-m da `aversma~ mmarTvel partias _ `nacionalur
moZraobas~, saarCevno kampaniisTvis
100-100 aTasi lari gadauxades. PSPs damfuZnebeli ki `nacmoZraobidan~
kenWs Tavad iyrida da dRes igi parla-
saxelmwifos mxridan xarisxze kontroli faqtobrivad
ar arsebobs. farmacevtuli kompaniebi arian wamlis
Semomtanebi, distributorebi, damamzadeblebi, da
bolos - momxmareblebi.
mwifo ki, romlis movaleoba xarisxis
kontrolia, reklamas kerZo farmacevtul kompaniebs uwevs. magaliTad,
ekonomikis ministri, laSa Jvania acxadebs: `yuradReba miaqcieT am (GMP)
warmoebis logos da aqauri medikamenti SeiZineT. amiT Tqven xels SeuwyobT qarTul warmoebas, dasaqmebasa da
saqarTveloSi meti Semosavlebis Semotanas. aucileblad saqarTveloSi warmoebuli preparati SeiZineT, romelic
maRalxarisxiania, ucxoeTSi warmoebuli wamlebis identuria da sakmaod
iafic~. ministris es gancxadeba PSP-s
oficialur veb-gverdzec udevs.
farmacevtuli kompaniebisa da
xelisuflebis faruli garigebebi
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2007 wlis
17 dekembris #719 gankargulebiT,
mTavrobis
sarezervo
fondidan
quTaisis merias quTaisSi mcxovre-
mentSi mmarTveli partiis umravlesobis wevria.
dRevandeli realoba
saxelmwifos mxridan xarisxze kontroli faqtobrivad ar arsebobs.
farmacevtuli kompaniebi arian wamlis
Semomtanebi, distributorebi, damamzadeblebi, da bolos _ momxmareblebi,
radgan hospitaluri qselis garkveul
nawils floben. am bolo dros ki, nacvlad konkurenciis gazrdisa, saxelmwifom maT wamlis xarisxis kontrolis
eqskluziuri uflebac gadasca.
ukonkurento farmacevtul bazarze
saxelmwifos mxridan xarisxze kontrolis ararseboba, medikamentebis
mimarT sandoobas amcirebs da fasebs
katastrofulad zrdis. dRes saqarTveloSi adamianebma ar ician, ra wamlebs svamen da ramdenad efeqtiania is
maTi janmrTelobisaTvis.
53
sazogadoeba
saskolo reforma
ratom
ferxdeba
saskolo
reforma
ukanaskneli eqvsi Tvis manZilze,
saqarTvelos mTavrobis iniciativiT,
`zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ kanoni
mesamed icvleba.
Tamar RonRaZe
54
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto daviT mesxi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
55
r
eformis dasawyisSi, 2004 wels
aravis hqonda iluzia, rom
pozitiur Sedegebs erT-or
weliwadSi miviRebdiT, magram sakmaod mtkivneuli da mwvave procesebis
miuxedavad, konceptualurad sruliad axali, bavSvsa da swavlebis xarisxze orientirebuli sistemis Seqmna daiwyo. maSindeli kanonmdeblobiT
skolas avtonomiurad marTvis realuri saSualeba mieca.
dRes, Tuki Tvals mivadevnebT
ukanasknel eqvs TveSi `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi cvlilebaTa
nusxas, aSkaraa, rom reformis kursi
an strategiulad Seicvala an didi
xniT gadavadda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, is cvlilebebi, romelTac parlamentSi amJamad ganixilaven, arc
moswavlezea orientirebuli da arc
swavlebis xarisxze. pedagogebs, faqtobrivad, ar rCebaT motivacia, moemzadon sertificirebisTvis, xolo
skolebs _ akreditaciisTvis.
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, Tuki
skola ver asrulebs dakisrebul
valdebulebebs, zedized orjer ar
aqvs gavlili akreditacia anda zedized orjer miniWebuli aqvs pirobiTi
akreditacia, es SeiZleba gaxdes aramarto sameurveo sabWos likvidaciis
an direqtoris uflebamosilebis
vadamde Sewyvetis, aramed mTlianad
skolis reorganizaciisa da likvidaciis safuZvelic. amJamad momzadebuli cvlilebiT zemoT CamoTvlil
SemTxvevebSi mTeli pasuxismgebloba
gadadis sameurveo sabWosa da direqtorze, skolas ki daxurvis safrTxe ar emuqreba; pedagogs ar rCeba
profesiuli ganviTarebis sababi. am
cvlilebiT maT samsaxuris dakargvis
aRar SeeSindebaT, miT umetes, rom
bolos damtkicebuli cvlilebebiT,
maswavlebelTa savaldebulo sertificireba ukve gadadebulia 20132014 saswavlo wlamde.
amJamad gansaxilvel cvlilebaTa
proeqtSi 2013-2014 saswavlo wlamdea gadadebuli sajaro skolebis
akreditirebac, xolo licenzirebuli kerZo skolebis _ 2012-2013
wlamde. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa umravlesoba jer ver
akmayofilebs dadgenil standartebs da, bunebrivia, maTi umravlesoba dRes ver gaivlida akreditacias.
amave cvlilebebiT, aRar iqneba savaldebulo, maswavlebels hqondes
56
mxolod magistris akademiuri xarisxi. Tuki pedagogi gaivlis momzadebis akreditebul saganmanaTleblo
programas, is muSaobas bakalavris
xarisxiTac SeZlebs. garda amisa,
dakonkretda saxelovnebo da sasporto ganaTlebis done da am sagnebis maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT Sesabamisi umaRlesi ganaTleba.
cvlilebaTa amave proeqtiT, Tuki
maswavlebeli profesiuli eTikis
kodeqss daarRvevs, saministro aRar
iqneba valdebuli, gamoiyenos disciplinaruli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi. anu Tu, magaliTad, maswavlebeli scems bavSvebs da amis gamo mas
direqtori samsaxuridan daiTxovs,
is kvlav SeZlebs muSaobis dawyebas
sxva skolaSi. moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi, profesiuli
ganviTarebis centrs pedagogisTvis
SeeZlo CamoerTmia maswavleblobis
ufleba. es qvepunqti cvlilebaTa
axal proeqtSi amoRebulia.
rac Seexeba skolis avtonomiurobas, Tuki parlamenti am cvlilebebs daamtkicebs, skolis marTva aRar
iqneba damokidebuli im sazogadoebaze, romelic skolas warmoadgens.
anu direqtors, sameurveo sabWos,
mSoblebs da maswavleblebsac faqtobrivad erTmevaT marTvis berketebi.
sameurveo sabWoSi gadawyvetilebis
xmis uflebiT iniSneba saministros
warmomadgeneli, romelsac SeeZleba
moiwvios sameurveo sabWos riggareSe sxdoma.
parlamentis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis komitetis Tavmjdomare giorgi gabaSvili sajaro
diskusiebSi ambobda, rom `xSir SemTxvevaSi, sameurveo sabWoebi araqmediTebi imitom arian, rom ar ician
arc sakuTari uflebamosilebebi,
arc moqmedebis swori samarTlebrivi
gza da arc saministros zogadi politika. ase rom, erTi kaci, romelic
amaSi kompetenturia, yvela sabWos
waadgeba~.
Tumca, saeWvoa, saqarTveloSi moiZebnos 2000-ze meti iseTi kompetenciis adamiani, rogorzec komitetis
Tavmjdomare saubrobs, radgan saqarTveloSi 2000-ze meti sajaro
skolaa. garda amisa, konsultaciebisa da daxmarebis ufleba saministrosa da TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis
warmomadgenlebs aqamdec hqondaT.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da
Sefasebis centris direqtori simon
janaSia miiCnevs, rom winaswar SeuZlebelia imis Tqma, ramdenad gaaqtiurdeba sameurveo sabWos muSaoba
masSi saministros warmomadgenlis
daniSvniT. `SesaZloa, piriqiTac moxdes, radgan Tu sabWos wevrebi isedac pasiurebi arian, mosalodnelia,
rom maT mTeli pasuxismgebloba am
adamians gadaabaron da mis gadawyvetilebebs daelodon, Tu ase ar moxda, ar aris gamoricxuli konfliqtebic~.
garda amisa, cvlilebebi unda Seexos kidev ramdenime muxls, romelTa
mixedviTac, saxelmwifo daawesebs
kontrols, Tu ramdenad sruldeba
skolebSi ara mxolod saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis, aramed ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros
individualuri
administraciulsamarTlebrivi aqtebi. magaliTad,
amgvari aqtiT saministrosTvis SesaZlebeli xdeba, ar daeTanxmos sameurveo sabWos gadawyvetilebas da
vadamde Seuwyvitos uflebamosileba
direqtors. moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, Tuki direqtori am aqts gaasaCivrebda, mas avtomaturad ubrundeboda uflebamosileba sasamarTlos
saboloo gadawyvetilebamde. axla
Setanili cvlilebiT, direqtori
moixsneba Tanamdebobidan, xolo saministro daniSnavs misi movaleobis
Semsrulebels saqmis sabolood daxurvamde.
cvlilebaTa am proeqtSi bolomde ar aris ganmartebuli, Tu ra saxis administraciul-samarTlebrivi
aqtebis darRvevazea laparaki. skolis direqtorTa asociaciis aRmasrulebeli direqtori, Tea TuTberiZe acxadebs,
rom ministris
brZanebiT, dResac uamrav sisuleleze ucxadeben skolebs gafrTxilebas;
`magaliTad imaze, Tu ratom ar aqvs
skolas missave ezoSi arsebuli xeebi
ayvanili balansze, an ratom ara aqvs
skolas wyali, roca mTels sofels
ara aqvs wyali da ase Semdeg. sxvaTa
Soris, amgvari aqtebiT saministrom
ukve moxsna registraciidan naxiduris, saqaSeTisa da gurjaanis skolebis direqtorebi. garda amisa, am
proeqtSi ar aris gawerili, Tuki sasamarTlo direqtoris sasargeblod
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, saministro rogor aRadgens mas~.
arsebobs mosazreba, rom amgvari
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
cvlilebebi skolebis marTvis realuri gamocdilebiT iyo nakarnaxevi.
rogorc Cans, reformis mimdinareobisas ver moxerxda sazogadoebis
kargad informireba imis Sesaxeb,
rom gadawyvetilebebi TviTon unda
miiRon da pasuxismgebloba yvelaferze saministros aRar mosTxovon.
Tumca dRes, Tu maswavlebeli skolaSi cudad iqceva, amaSi mSobeli,
pedagogs da skolas ki ara, pirdapir
saministros adanaSaulebs. da marTlac _ rodesac direqtoris mier
erTi maswavleblis samsaxuridan daTxova, politikosebis gancxadebebis
safuZveli xdeba, es niSnavs, rom es
sistema ise ar muSaobs rogorc iyo
Cafiqrebuli.
simon janaSias TqmiT, reformis
kursi mimarTuli iyo menejmentis
sistemis Seqmnaze: anu saxelmwifo
administrirebas ki ar uwevda yvela process skolaSi, aramed qmnida
pirobebs. sistemaSi igulisxmeboda
isic, rom maswavlebeli ar aris sajaro moxele, is aris daqiravebuli im
fuliT, romelsac moswavle miitans
skolaSi. `axla ki gaCnda mosazreba:
xom ar gamoviyenoT administrireba, rogorc meTodi menejmentamde
misvlisaTvis? iqneb gvWirdeba nawilobrivi administrireba imisTvis,
rom xalxma iswavlos, rogor marTos
sakuTari Tavi?~ _ acxadebs simon janaSia, Tumca dasZens, rom winaswar
Znelia imis gansazRvra, ramdenad
saukeTesoa es gza. misi azriT, sameurveo sabWoebis muSaobis gaaqtiureba sxva saSualebebiTac iyo SesaZlebeli _ rogoricaa treningebi
da pasuxismgeblobebis maTze mkveTrad gadabareba. `skolis Sida sakiTxebze saministrom sajarod unda
Tqvas, rom es mas ar exeba. anu maT
exebaT mxolod pirobebis Seqmna da
ara gadawyvetilebebis miReba. es sazogadoebis did nawils ar esmis da
yvelaferze pasuxs saministrosa da
mis xelmZRvanels sTxovs~, _ ambobs
janaSia.
Tumca am cvlilebebis gareSec, saqarTvelos regionebSi skolebis centralizacia ukve dawyebulia. amas
adasturebs 14 ivniss sameurveo sabWoebis arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli
movlenebi.
skolebis umravlesobaSi saarCevno
kampania ar gamarTula. saqarTvelos
uamrav raionSi adgilobrivi TviTmliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
marTvelobis organoebis warmomadgenlebi da gamgeblebi uSualod adgendnen sias, vin unda Sesuliyo am
sabWoebSi. maTTvis arasasurvel adamianebs aiZulebdnen, moexsnaT kandidaturebi da uaxloesi naTesavebis
samsaxurebidan daTxovniT emuqrebodnen. maT, vinc ar moxsna sakuTari
kandidatura, dRemde aviwroeben.
kaspis raionis sofel qvemoWalis
sajaro skolaSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da resurscentrisTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda sabWos
wevrobis kandidatTa umravlesoba.
maT azri Riad da daufaravad gamoxates. sameurveo sabWos yofili
Tavmjdomare marina odiSvili amtkicebs: `gamgeobis, sakrebulos warmomadgenlebi gvemuqrebodnen, kriminalebic gamoiyenes dasaSineblad.
erT-erTi mSobeli, romelic kenWs
iyrida, cxinvalidan devnilia da mas
uSualod Cveni gamgeblis mdivani daemuqra, _ daxmarebas SegiwyvetTo.
miuxedavad am daSinebisa, am qalbatonma mainc ar moxsna kandidatura.
calke emuqrebian direqtors, misi
Svili ukve daiTxoves samsaxuridan.
yoveliveze sagangebo weriliT mivmarTe resurscentrs, magram pasuxi
ar mimiRia. Cveni soflidan kilometrnaxevarSi dgas rusis jari, mas ar
dauSinebia es xalxi ise, rogorc es
Cvenma adgilobrivma uwyebebma SeZles~.
TiTqmis identuri viTareba Seiqmna amave raionis sofel sasireTis,
xaSuris raionis meSvide da dedofliswyaros raionis pirvel sajaro
skolebSi. Tumca, rogorc xaSuris
raionis meSvide skolis direqtorma
manana lacabiZem gvacnoba, is Sexvda
raionis gamgebels da am etapisTvis
problema aRmofxvrilia, anu gamgeoba aRar ecdeba, Caerios kandidaturebis SerCevaSi.
cvlilebebis proeqti, savaraudod,
male Seva ZalaSi. masSi ramdenime sagulisxmo dadebiTi siaxlecaa. magaliTad, maswavleblisTvis aRar iqneba savaldebulo, hqondes mxolod
magistris akademiuri xarisxi. Tuki
pedagogi gaivlis momzadebis akreditebul saganmanaTleblo programas,
is muSaobas bakalavris xarisxiTac
SeZlebs. es albaT ufro met axalgazrdas miscems SesaZleblobas, ukeT
moergos erovnul saswavlo gegmasa
da 2004 wlisTvis dadgenil standar-
tebs. dakonkretda saxelovnebo da
sasporto ganaTlebis donec da am
sagnebis maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT,
Sesabamisi umaRlesi ganaTleba hqondeT (213 muxlis me-2-3 punqtebi).
rac Seexeba cvlilebebis ufro
sadavo punqtebs, jerjerobiT ucnobia, rogor Secvlis ukve centralizaciisken daZrul procesebs skolaSi es cvlilebebi. mTavaria, maTi
gavleniT skolebSi damoukideblad
marTvis survili sul ar daikargos,
radgan am survilis gareSe, SesaZloa, isev ukan, marionetebiviT marTul sivrceSi davbrundeT.
gvinda, meti gonebagaxsnili, azriani axalgazrda vixiloT, ar gvinda
bavSvebisTvis skolaSi siaruli savaldebulo tanjvad iqces. Cvens
kerZo da sajaro skolebs Soris
erT-erTi ZiriTadi gansxvavebac
swored es aris _ kerZo skolebSi bavSvebis umravlesobas aqvs swavlis
azarti. rogorc ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universitetis asistentprofesori daviT paiWaZe aRniSnavs:
`kargi marTva da xarisxiani swavleba
metwilad ZviradRirebul skolebSi
xorcieldeba. saqarTvelos momavali
dRes albaT am skolebSi yalibdeba,
magram reformis mizani uwinaresad
Cveulebrivi sajaro skolebis modernizeba unda iyos~. dauSvebelia,
rom es mizani, rogorc prioriteti,
xelisuflebis TvalTaxedvidan saerTod gaqres.
reformis kursi an
strategiulad Seicvala
an gadavadda. cvlilebebi,
romelTac parlamentSi
amJamad ganixilaven,
arc moswavlezea
orientirebuli
da arc swavlebis
xarisxze. pedagogebs,
faqtobrivad, ar rCebaT
motivacia, moemzadon
sertificirebisTvis,
xolo skolebs akreditaciisTvis.
57
foto iustina melnikeviCi
ucnobi `sakanSi~
media
mikerZoebuli
simarTle
sakuTari Tavis Ziebis procesi dasrulda.
`maestrom~ ukve icis, rom is opoziciis televiziad
darCeba >>
eka WiTanava, anita Tvauri
Tanamgzavruli mauwyeblobis ufleba telekompania `maestros~ mTel saqarTveloSi gavrcelebis saSualebas
miscems. komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis wevri irakli moseSvili ambobs,
rom nebarTvis gacemis `xelis SemSleli faqtorebi~ aRar arsebobs. komisiam
miiRo `maestros~ mflobelis, mamuka
Rlontis argumentebi, rom saqarTveloSi saavtoro uflebebi dauregulirebelia da aralicenzirebul filmebs
sxva telekompaniebic uSveben. amiT `maestros~ winaaRmdeg ZiriTadi braldeba moixsna. ukve dasrulebulia saerTo
licenziis mopovebisaTvis TiTqmis erTwliani davac erovnul komisiasTan.
mTeli saqarTvelo sakuTar auditoriad _ es `maestros~ didi xnis ocneba
iyo. ambiciuri miznebis dasaxva musikalurma arxma, romlis mayureblis
umravlesoba Tbiliseli Tineijeri
melomani iyo, 2007 wlis noemberSi
daiwyo. noembris aqciebis daSlam da
telekompania `imedis~ daxurvam arxis
xelmZRvanels gadamwyveti biZgi misca.
im periodSi eTerSi pirvelad gavida
sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacema
`profesia Jurnalisti~. mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, specializirebuli licenziis
58
mqone arxs aseTi programis gaSveba
ar SeeZlo, Tumca `maestros~ am gziT
sainformacio vakuumis Sevseba undoda. `protestis grZnoba gagviCnda da
gadavwyviteT, formati Segvecvala~, _
aRniSnavs mamuka Rlonti.
brZola arxis axali saxis mosapoveblad amiT gamwvavda. kanonis darRvevisTvis `maestro~ iZulebuli gaxda,
rva Tvis ganmavlobaSi eTeridan moexsna politikuri gadacemebi. `maestros~
Txovna
sazogadoebriv-politikuri
licenziis miRebis Sesaxeb komunikaciebis erovnulma komisiam ar daakmayofila, radgan, kanonis mixedviT, komisias
axali ganacxadis ganxilva gafrTxilebis miRebidan mxolod erTi wlis
Semdeg SeuZlia. `maestrom~ am procedurebs gverdi auara, vadis amuwurvas
ar daeloda da komisias sasamarTloSi
uCivla.
male `maestrosTvis~ axali licenziis micemis sakiTxis ganxilva sasamarTlos kedlebs gascda da politikuri
garigebebis sagani gaxda.
`politikuri safrTxis aridebis
motiviT~, parlamentma `maestros~ sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis
gaSuqebis nebarTva misca da rvaTviani
pauzis Semdeg ganaxlda gadacemebi _
`profesia Jurnalisti~, `gamokiTxva~
da `ukomentarod~.
am droidan `maestrom~ axali statusis `gamyareba~ daiwyo. `opoziciuri
arxi~ _ ukve pirdapir ase moixseniebdnen mas ucxour presaSic da qarTul
politikur sivrceSic.
kidev erTi `opoziciuri~ arxis gaCena logikuri iyo: telekompania `imedis~ prosaxelisuflebo arxad gadaqcevis Semdeg media bazars sWirdeboda
sapirwone, romelic `kavkasiasTan~ erTad saxelmwifo propagandas daabalansebda. sazogadoebas etyoda imas, rac
nacionaluri mauwyeblebis eTers miRma
rCeboda.
`maestrom~ sakuTari misia daaxloebiT ase dainaxa _ mas simarTle unda
gaevrcelebina. Tumca, skepticizmi
swored am misiis Sesrulebisas Cndeba.
zviad qoriZe varaudobs, rom rodesac
ori sxvadasxva mxare erT da imave movlenaze simarTlis sakuTar versias
gTavazobs, Sedegad SeiZleba miviRoT
ori tyuili. `obieqturobas saSualo
ariTmetikuliT ver miiReb. erTi ambobs Tavis simarTles, meore Tavisas da
raRac mesame ki ikargeba da es mesamea
sinamdvileSi is, rac sazogadoebas ainteresebs~.
Jurnalist ia anTaZis TqmiT, sakamaTo Tavad faqti gaxda da ara misi Sefaseba. Sedegad ki, sazogadoeba arainformirebuli rCeba.
mediamkvlevarebis azriT, obieqturobis SenarCunebas `maestro~ cdilobs
gadacemiT _ `ukomentarod~. specifikuri formati TiTqos miukerZoeblobis garanti unda yofiliyo, Tumca
kadrebis wyobiTa da mTavari Temis arCeviT balansi mainc darRveulia.
media mkvlevari nino danelia tendenciurobis sailustraciod erTsa
da imave dRes `rusTavi 2~-sa da `maestros~ eTerSi gasul siuJetebs adarebs. `maSin, roca `rusTavi 2“-ma gia
gaCeCilaZis quTaisSi Casvla da mosaxleobasTan Sexvedra ar gaaSuqa, `maestros~ nabuqos strategiuli proeqtis
ganxilva ar uCvenebia~, _ aRniSnavs nino
danelia.
Jurnalisti ia anTaZec ixsenebs
erT-erT SemTxvevas, roca `maestrom~
dilis eTerSi aCvena kadrebi, sadac
prezidenti da patriarqi 9 aprilis memorialTan erTad idgnen. mogvianebiT
ki, roca Jurnalisti Tavad mivida mitingze, aRmoaCina, rom 9 aprilis memorialTan prezidentis gverdiT levan
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Semodis. iyo dReebi, roca mayureblis
raodenoba 38 000-s aRwevda~, _ aRniSnavs mamuka Rlonti da dasZens, rom arxis popularoba mkveTrad gaizarda mas
Semdeg, rac eTerSi ucnobis realuri
Sou `sakani #5~ gavida, _ `ar velodi,
rom proeqti aseTi warmatebuli iqneboda~.
`sakani #5~-is eTerSi gaSvebis gadawyvetileba `maestros~ xelmZRvanelma
arxis sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT miiRo.
JurnalistebiTa da saxalxo damcvelis
warmomadgenliT sabWo Rlontma politikur samauwyeblo sivrceSi damkvidrebisa da ndobis mopovebis mizniT
Seqmna. `sakanis~ eTerSi gaSvebis sawinaaRmdegod argumentebi ar aRmoCnda.
Tumca, rogorc nino JiJilaSvili ambobs, maTi mxridan uaryofiTi rekomendaciis micemis SemTxvevaSi, ucnobia,
gaiTvaliswinebda Tu ara am argumentebs mamuka Rlonti.
realurad, `maestros~ opoziciuri
arxis imiji swored am politikurma
Soum gaumyara. `sakani #5~ cdilobs,
patara farTobze nakverCxali moagrovos da gaaRvivos, _ aRniSnavs zviad
qoriZe, _ igi protestebis Semgrovebelia~.
`sakani #5~ _ arxis mxridan misi
poziciis ganmsazRvreli manifestia.
es niSnavs imas, rom `maestro~ xelisuflebis mimarTaa gansakuTrebulad
kritikuli da rom misi kari opoziciis
warmomadgenlebisTvis yovelTvis Riaa.
albaT, amitomac gauCndaT opoziciur
partiebs `maestros~ mimarT `Cveni ar-
xis~ gancda. nino JiJilaSvilis TqmiT,
mis gadacemaSi opozicioneri stumrebi
ise modian, rogorc sakuTar saxlSi.
maT hgoniaT, rom am arxze `maTi Jurnalistebi~ muSaoben, da rom arxi pirdapir `maT saqmes~ akeTebs. es xdeba im
fonze, rodesac prosaxelisuflebo
arxebis mimarT dapirispirebul mxares
zustad aseTive gancda aqvs.
Tumca, `rusTavi 2~-sgan gansxvavebiT,
`maestros~ Jurnalistebi acxadeben,
rom mamuka Rlonti maT saredaqcio saqmianobaSi arasdros ereva da am mxriv
srul Tavisuflebas grZnoben. radio
`ucnobisa~ da `maestros~ erToblivi
proeqtis, `ucnobi kavkasia~, avtori
nino JiJilaSvili aRniSnavs, rom mas
aseTi Tavisufleba manamde arasdros
hqonia, da arc `yviTeli Tu wiTeli baraTebi~ miuRia.
mamuka Rlontis mtkicebiT, telekompaniisTvis Semosavlis wyaro mxolod
reklamebia da opoziciuri partiebisgan finansuri daxmareba arasdros
miuRia, Tumca ramdenime Tvis win `maestro~ cdunebis winaSe dadga. gazeT
`baTumelebTan~ interviuSi, zurab
noRaidelma daadastura, rom am arxisTvis investiciebis mozidvas apirebda.
Tumca, man aseve ganacxada, rom arxis
dafinanseba misi idea ar yofila. rogorc `maestros~ sabWos ramdenime wevri ambobs, Rlontma maTi rCeva gaiTvaliswina da Tanxaze uari Tqva. Tumca,
noRaidelis partiaSi gviTxres, rom
finansuri garigeba levan gaCeCilaZes,
zurab noRaidels da mamuka Rlonts
TiTqmis
mdgradi
aramdgradi
Sereuli
sistema
mdgradoba
mdgradi
mediis mdgradobis indeqsi: saqarTvelo
aramdgradi,
araTavisufali media
gaCeCilaZec iyo, Tumca `maestros~ es
kadri, sxva arxebisgan gansxvavebiT, ar
uCvenebia.
`maestros~ mier politikuri procesebis gaSuqeba, `vardebis revoluciamdel~ “rusTavi 2~-is muSaobis stils
hgavs, roca kadrebis SerCeviTa da
opoziciuri partiebisTvis saeTero
drois umetesi nawilis daTmobiT telekompania revoluciuri muxtis gaZlierebas cdilobda.
Tumca `rusTavi 2“-is erT-erTi
damfuZneblis, erosi kiwmariSvilis
azriT, `maestrosa~ da `rusTavi 2~-s
Soris paralelis gavleba uadgiloa.
`es spilosa da WianWvelas Sedarebas
hgavs~, _ ambobs kiwmariSvili. `maestro~ jer kidev mxolod Tbilissa da
mis SemogarenSi mauwyeblobs, Sesabamisad, misi gavlenis areali, `rusTavi2~-Tan SedarebiT, dResac gacilebiT
naklebia.
kiwmariSvilis TqmiT, miuxedavad
imisa, rom 2003-Si man konkretul opoziciur Zalas `simSvidis garantia~ da
`komfortuli garemo~ Seuqmna, `maestrosgan~ gansxvavebiT, `rusTavi 2~-is
sainformacio programebSi mTavroba
da opozicia Tanabrad iyo warmodgenili.
mamuka Rlonti ki arxis tendenciurobas ara media standartebiT, aramed mayureblis raodenobis mixedviT
afasebs. `balansi rom demokratiulobis ganmsazRvreli iyos, maSin kanonSi
iqneboda Setanili, _ aRniSnavs arxis
mflobeli, _ vis ra proporciiT vaCveneb, amas Cemi biznesi mkarnaxobs~.
daubalanseblobas `maestroSi~ videoteqnikis simwiriTac amarTleben. `maestros~ sul xuTi kamera aqvs. amitom,
magaliTad kaxeTSi saakaSvilis vizitis
Cvenebas, opoziciuri partiebis mitingis gaSuqebas amjobinebs.
arCevani opoziciuri Tematikis sasargeblod mxolod arxis mflobelis
politikuri mosazrebebiT araa nakarnaxevi. mamuka Rlonti ambobs, rom es
garkveulwilad misi, rogorc biznesmenis arCevanicaa.
nino danelias azriTac, aseTi telekompaniis Seqmna Seesabameboda ara
marto mflobelis ideologias, aramed Zalian pragmatul interessac, rom
opoziciuri arxi iqneboda popularuli, gaCndeboda reklama da Semovidoda
fuli.
`Cvens saitze yoveldRiurad saSualod eqvsidan 10 000-mde momxmarebeli
sityvis
Tavisufleba
Jurnalistebis
profesionalizmi
axali ambebis
wyaroebis pluralizmi
biznesis
menejmenti
59
60
jandacva
dazRvevis gareSe
jandacva
ar arsebobs
saWiroa `iafi dazRvevis~ marketinguli analizi,
Secvla da daxvewa, raTa dazRvevam realuri fasi
SeiZinos >>
Tiko comaia
foto Temo barZimaSvili
Soris wilebze davis gamo CaiSala.
`maestros~ Semosavlis wyaro bolomde gamWvirvale araa. erTaderTi, rac
mamuka Rlontma sajarod ganacxada
isaa, rom aprilis saprotesto aqciebis dawyebamde, nino burjanaZem `maestros~ eTerSi politikuri reklamis
ganTavsebaSi 20 aTasi lari gadaixada.
aseve, politikuri reklamisTvis dro
SeiZines eka beseliam da kaxa kukavam.
`maestros~ xelmZRvanelis TqmiT,
agvistodan arxi axali, ufro didi
Senobidan gaagrZelebs mauwyeblobas.
25 maiss, `maestros~ ofisTan xelyumbara afeTqda. saqme Senobis dazianebis
muxliTaa aRZruli. `maestros~ Jurnalistebis TqmiT, patruli 45 wuTis
dagvianebiT mivida. mamuka Rlonti ki
acxadebs, is faqti, rom afeTqebas `Senobis dazianebis~ da ara `teraqtis~
kvalifikacia mianiWes, xelisuflebis
mxridan mis winaaRmdeg dagegmil SeTqmulebaze miuTiTebs. Rlonti miiCnevs,
rom xelovnurad Seqmnili barierebi
arxis popularobas kidev ufro gazrdis.
seqtembridan `maestro~ sainformacio arxad gardaqmnas gegmavs, romelic ukve mTel saqarTvelos dafaravs.
rogorc Rlonti ambobs, mauwyeblobis
gafarToebisTvis saWiro Tanxebis moZiebas kompania saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan da biznesmenebTan TanamSromlobiT apirebs.
`maestros~ samomavlo gegmebSi Sinaarsobrivi balansisa da miukerZoeblobis miRweva ar Sedis. mamuka Rlonti
amtkicebs, rom `maestro~ politikuri
mxare arc aris, is opoziciuri televiziaa da aseTad darCeba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu dRevandeli opozicia xelisuflebaSi mova. amiT ki `maestro~
ar gaimeorebs `rusTavi 2-is~ gzas da
kritikas gamarjvebis eiforiiT ar Caanacvlebs.
jerjerobiT amis precedenti qarTul mediaSi ar aris. Jurnalist ia anTaZis TqmiT, propagandistul arxad
qcevis safrTxe mudmivad arsebobs.
roca politikuri mRelvareba gadaivlis, aseTi mediasaSualeba welSi veRar
gaimarTeba da mudmivad im politikur
ZalasTan iqneba asocirebuli, visTan
erTadac ukeTesi momavlisTvis ibrZoda. `ase daemarTa `rusTavi 2~-s, es mouva yvela mediasaSualebas, romelic ar
moerideba imas, rom mxare iyos konfliqtur situaciaSi. am gzas adgas axla
`maestro~, magram _ nebayoflobiT~.
`iaf dazRvevaSi~, winaswari gaTvlebiT, 500 aTasamde adamiani unda CarTuliyo. programis dawyebidan 4 Tvis
Tavze ki mTavrobis iniciativas sul
40 000 adamiani gamoexmaura. Tumca, vidre programas ganaCens gamovutandeT,
jer misi safuZvliani Sefasebaa saWiro;
miT ufro, rom msgavsi ram dRemde ar
gakeTebula. eqspert daviT gziriSvilis TqmiT, sakiTxis saTanado kvleva
ar Catarebula arc maSin, roca programa iwyeboda da arc axla, roca misi
ganxorcieleba mimdinareobs. amitom
daskvnebis gakeTeba mxolod varaudebis doneze SeiZleba.
saqarTvelos sadazRvevo asociaciis Tavmjdomaris devi xeCinaSvilis
azriT, sadazRvevo industriisaTvis
programa Zalian mniSvnelovani iniciativaa, romelic adamianebs martivad
xelmisawvdom sadazRvevo produqts
sTavazobs da qveyanaSi sruliad axali
sadazRvevo kulturis Camoyalibebas
uwyobs xels. Tumca, eqspert daviT
gziriSvilis TqmiT, SeTavazebuli produqti mosaxleobisaTvis sakmarisad
momxibvleli ar aRmoCnda. mizezebi,
romelTa gamoc, sasurveli raodeno-
biT pirTa CarTva ar moxda, bevria da
rTuli. maT Soris erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqtori arastabiluri politikuri garemoa, rac aferxebs dabalSemosavlian mosaxleobas, janmrTeloba
Tundac arnaxulad dabal fasad daazRvios. gziriSvili meore faqtorsac
gamohyofs: xelmokle ojaxebSi janmrTelobis safrTxeebisgan winaswar dacva dazRvevis gziT, sxva sasicocxlo
mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis fonze, naklebad aqtualuria.
dauzRveveli adamianebi yvela qveyanaSi problemas warmoadgenen. gansakuTrebiT rTulia TviTdasaqmebuli adamianebis CarTva dazRvevis sistemebSi.
xeCinaSvilis TqmiT, aseTi adamianebis
ricxvi daaxloebiT 2 milionamdea saqarTveloSi. `iafi dazRvevis~ mizani iyo, swored TviTdasaqmebulebs
miswvdomoda da, finansuri stimulirebis gziT, romlis drosac saxelmwifo
dazRvevis xarjebis mesameds Tavad dafaravda, gaeadvilebina maTTvis sadazRvevo sistemaSi Cabma. `es industria
Znelad iRebs quCidan misul adamianebs, programis saSualebiT SesaZlebeli
iyo garRveva~, _ ambobs xeCinaSvili.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Tumca, TviTon jandacvis sistemis
fundamenturi reforma gacilebiT
adre daiwyo. gziriSvilis TqmiT, am
kurss qveyana, ukve ramdenime welia,
nabij-nabij mihyveba. yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac am drois ganmavlobaSi
moxda, is aris, rom saxelmwifom mkveTrad gansazRvra Tavisi valdebuleba
da roli jandacvis sferoSi da saqarTveloSi manamde moqmedi universaluri midgoma (rac evropaSicaa gavrcelebuli da Tanabrad yvelas daxmarebas
gulisxmobs) Secvala amerikuli midgomiT, rodesac saxelmwifo prioritetebs sazRvravs da mosaxleobas SerCeviT
exmareba.
am modelis mixedviT, jer kidev
`iafi dazRvevis~ gamocxadebamde,
saxelmwifom valdebuleba yvelaze
gaWirvebul mosaxleobaze ikisra da
jandacvaze gamoyofili sazogadoebrivi saxsrebis udidesi nawili maTze mimarTa. danarCen mosaxleobas ki
uTxra, rom sakuTar janmrTelobas
Tavad unda mixedos. am midgomis Sedegad, umweo mosaxleoba ufro saimedod daculi aRmoCnda, vidre sazogadoebis danarCeni, dabalSemosavliani
nawili. amis Semdeg situaciis dasabalanseblad saxelmwifom sazogadoebis SedarebiT xelmokle nawils
janmrTelobaze zrunvaSi Tanamonawileoba SesTavaza. ase daiwyo `iafi
dazRvevis~ programa, romlis mTavari arsi subsidireba iyo: anu wliuri
60-lariani polisidan 80 procents
saxelmwifo afinansebs. `es nabiji
sxva araferia, Tu ara fundamenturi socialuri reformebis gardamaval etapze mtkivneuli zegavlenis
Serbileba~, _ ambobs gziriSvili. mas
ukvirs, rom msjelobis da diskusiis
sagani reformis zegavlenis droebiTi Serbilebis RonisZiebebi gaxda da
ara Tavad reforma.
kavkasiis ekonomikuri da socialuri
kvleviTi institutis mier Catarebuli
kvlevis erT-erTi rekomendaciaa dazRvevis programaSi CarTvis periodis
gaxangrZliveba. programis gaxangrZlivebis survils kerZo sadazRvevo kompaniebis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis menejerebic gamoTqvamen. `am tipis
proeqts kargi analizi da ramdenime
weli sWirdeba, rom raime seriozul
Sedegebze vilaparakoT~, _ ambobs `ji
pi ai holdingis~ sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis menejeri TinaTin stamboliSvili.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
moziduli premiebis mixedviT, `ji pi
ai holdingi~ lideri kompaniaa. kompaniaSi periodulad Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevebis safuZvelze acxadeben, rom is SemTxvevebi, rasac iafi
dazRvevis polisi faravs, mosaxleobisaTvis aqtualuri ar aris. moTxovna cota gansxvavebul momsaxurebazea,
romelSic mosaxleoba fuls gadaixdis.
mosaxleobis damokidebuleba produqtis mimarT araerTgvarovania. ZiriTadad molodini ufro didia, vidre polisi faravs: roca igeben, rom
mxolod gadaudebeli SemTxvevebis anazRaureba xdeba, polisis SeZenaze uars
amboben. marTlac, bazisuri sadazRvevo polisi moicavs ambulatoriul, gadaudebel ambulatoriul, gadaudebel
stacionarul da ubeduri SemTxvevis
Sedegad saWiro stacionarul momsaxurebas. polisi ar afinansebs gegmiur
operaciebs.
`iafma dazRvevam~ jandacvis sistemuri problemebi gaaSiSvla: eqspert
irakli sasanias TqmiT, realurad ar
arsebobs sadazRvevo bazari, jandacvis sainformacio sistemebi Camouyalibebelia, informaciis simwiris gamo,
Znelia riskebis daTvla, saavadmyofoebi da sadazRvevo kompaniebi pacientTa
Sesaxeb informaciis ar aRricxaven, an
es aRricxva ar aris sruli. ar xdeba
informaciis kodireba, umetes samedicino dawesebulebebSi ar xorcieldeba swori menejmenti. amitom `veravin
ityvis zustad, ra unda Rirdes polisi: 5, 7 Tu 3 lari. informaciis arasrulfasovnebis gamo, mtkicebulebaze
da kvlevaze dafuZnebuli monacemebis
dadeba dRes SeuZlebelia~, _ dasZens
irakli sasania.
yifSiZis saxelobis respublikuri
saavadmyofos gadaudebeli ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli vaxtan kaloiani ambobs, rom maT klinikaSi ar xdeba imis
aRricxva, Tu konkretulad romeli
polisiT anazRaurda xarjebi: pacienti
flobs romelime sadazRvevo kompaniis
poliss, magram konkretulad romeli
programiT unazRaurdeba mas xarjebi,
respublikurSi ar aRricxaven.
RuduSauris saxelobis samedicino centrSi statistika ufro zustia
da konkretulad aris cnobili is SemTxvevebi, roca `iafi dazRvevis~ farglebSi umkurnales pacients. Tumca
saavadmyofos menejeri mixeil doliZe
imasac dasZens, rom aseTi SemTxvevebi
erTeuli iyo.
daviT gziriSvili fiqrobs, rom am
etapzec ki ar aris gvian produqtis
daxvewaze vizrunoT, rogorc „SigTavsis~, ise fasis TvalsazrisiT. maqsimalurad zust marketingul da sociologiur kvlevebze dayrdnobiT
dagegmilma cvlilebebma, SeiZleba marTla mkveTrad gazardos `iaf dazRvevaSi~ CarTuli mosaxleobis raodenoba.
devi xeCinaSvilis azriT, aucilebelia im SemTxvevebis popularizaciac,
roca SeZenili dazRveviT moxda xarjebis anazRaureba. Tumca xeCinaSvili
dasZens, rom esec ar aris sakmarisi: rogorc is ambobs, originaluri
azrovneba aqvT quTaisSi, sadac aseTi
SemTxveva moxda: adamiani, romelmac
SeiZina 5-lariani dazRveva, xidan Camovarda, mas samedicino momsaxureba
dasWirda, risi anazRaurebac iafi dazRvevis programis farglebSi moxda da
am pirma 5000 lari miiRo. is italiur
ezoSi cxovrobda. marTalia, mezoblebma sakuTari TvaliT naxes, Tu ramxela
sargebeli SeiZleboda mieRoT programisgan, aman sulac ar ubiZgaT, Tavadac
SeeZinaT polisi. erT-erT mezobels
isic ki uTqvams: albaTobis Teoriis
mixedviT, radgan Cemi mezobeli Camovarda xidan, awi me aRar Camovvardebio.
dasawyisSi ki problema iyo isic, rom
programis irgvliv sainformacio kampania mxolod xelisuflebam warmarTa,
ramac ver moicva mosaxleobis didi nawili; Tanac, swored xelisuflebisgan
mowodebuli novacia gamoCenisTanave
politikur sarCulSi gaexvia. rogorc
„iafi dazRvevis“ programa 2009 wlis 1 martidan daiwyo da misi samoqmedo vada 30
ivnisamde ganisazRvra.
programaSi 10 sadazRvevo kompaniaa CarTuli.
2009 wels `iafi dazRvevis~ programisTvis saxelmwifom 11 750 000 lari gamoyo.
polisi moicavs ambulatoriul, gadaudebel ambulatoriul, gadaudebel
stacionarul da ubeduri SemTxvevis Sedegad saWiro stacionarul momsaxurebas.
`iafi dazRvevis” sabaziso polisis wliuri Rirebuleba 60 laria, anu TveSi 5 lari,
sadazRvevo kompaniis mier asanazRaurebeli Tanxa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi 8 000
laria. polisis wliuri Rirebulebidan fizikuri piri ixdis 19.80 lars, 40.20 lari
saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoiyofa.
61
62
dava `laRiZis wylebis~ gamo
18
safexuriT qveviT
2 wlis win daketili `laRiZis wylebi~ gaixsna,
Tumca, am faqts arc ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
saministro aRiarebs da arc laRiZeebis ojaxi >>
naTia axalaSvili
foto Temo barZimaSvili
mTavrobis morigi sadavo gadawyvetileba, `iafi dazRvevis~ programac opoziciuri partiebis kritikis obieqti
gaxda. am fonze ki, saTanado kvlevebisa da analizis ararsebobam mospo programis ufro racionalurad Sefasebis
saSualeba.
jandacvis eqspertis, irakli sasanias azriT, `iafi dazRvevis~ lanZRva
ar SeiZleba, radganac aman SeiZleba
sadazRvevo sistemis dafinansebis
diskreditacia gamoiwvios. ase Tu
moxdeba, maSin jandacva ver Sedgeba,
radganac jandacva ar arsebobs dazRvevis gareSe~.
`ji pi ai holdingis~ warmomadgeneli, Tina stamboliSvili ambobs, rom
am etapze polisis pirobebis daxvewaa
saWiro, imisTvis, rom `iafma dazRvevam~ sakuTari miznebis miRweva SeZlos.
saWiroa, momxmarebels realurad sasargeblo produqti SesTavazon, sazogadoebasTan gamWvirvale komunikacia
daamyaron da PR-is elementebisgan gaTavisufldnen.
stamboliSvilis azriT, mniSvnelovania aRmosavleT evropuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebac: magaliTad,
CexeTSi nebismieri dasaqmebulisTvis
dazRveva savaldebuloa. iq gadasaxadis saxiT xelfasidan yvelam unda
ixados garkveuli procenti. paralalurad ki, moqalaqe irCevs sadazRvevo kompanias, xolo saxelmwifo uxdis
fuls sadazRvevo kompanias mTels
ojaxze. aseTi polisiT CexeTSi praqtikulad yvelaferia dazRveuli.
stamboliSvilis TqmiT, `iafi dazRvevidan~ CexeTis modelamde sul erTi
nabijia.
kavkasiis ekonomikuri da socialuri kvleviTi institutis mier Catarebuli kvlevis avtori oTar kikvaZe
ambobs, rom `iafi dazRvevis~ programis srulyofa myar ekonomikur safuZvlebze unda iyos damyarebuli. misi
erT-erTi rekomendaciaa, moiZios saxelmwifom damatebiTi saxsrebi imisaTvis, rom sadazRvevo paketSi Sesuli
samedicino momsaxurebis CamonaTvali
gaizardos.
devi xeCinaSvili ki ambobs, rom dazRvevis gzas ukve davadeqiT. axla saWiroa am gzis Sefaseba, Sedegebis etapobrivi demonstrireba da Sefaseba da,
aqedan gamomdinare, axali amocanebis
dasaxva.
sxvagvarad, „iafi dazRveva~ fass marTlac dakargavs.
laRiZis wylebi, Tbilisi 2009
daaxloebiT orwliani pauzis Semdeg `laRiZis wylebi~ rusTavelis
gamzirs daubrunda, oRond miwis qveS
da arc imdenad mimzidveli saxiT. 18
safexuris Cavlis Semdeg yofil qveda darbazSi axali mxolod isaa, rom
nestis suni dgas. wylis Camosasxmeli
daxlis miRma kvlav gaxamebul TeTr
winsafarsa da CaCSi gamowyobili qalbatoni manana dgas. darbazSi ver dasxdebiT, radgan jer isev saremonto samuSaoebi mimdinareobs. am yvelafris
naxvis Semdeg saeWvoa, meored vinmes
kidev gauCndes am 18 safexuris Cavlis
survili. `laRiZis wylebis~ danarCen
darbazebSi dRes aseTi mdgomareobaa
_ gamziris mxares mdebare naxevrad
garemontebuli darbazebi daketilia,
`mwvane darbazis~ adgilas ki oriode
kviris win restorani `tailanduri saxli~ gaixsna, romlis mflobelic Sps
`tai-fudia~.
ramdenime wlis win laRiZeebis ojaxs
safirmo maRazia im motiviT ar mihyides, rom is kulturis Zegli iyo. mitrofane laRiZis SviliSvilis, Tornike laRiZis TqmiT, maT am TxovniT
SevardnaZis xelisuflebasac mimarTes
da saakaSvilis mTavrobasac. ojaxs
surda, sagvareulo maRazia daebrunebina, romelic mitrofane laRiZem
1906 wels gaxsna, 1926 wels ki Senoba
saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi gadasca.
Tumca, 2007 wels `laRiZis wylebis~ yofil safirmo maRazias prezidentma piradi gankargulebiT sul
sxva mflobeli SeurCia. 2007 wlis
oqtomberSi, maRaziis mTeli farTi
(855,19kv.m.), pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT,
1,3 milion larad sakuTrebaSi gadasces ivane xavTass.
ivane xavTasi manamde iusticiis saministros SenobaSi 583 kv.m. farTis
sardafs flobda. brZanebis Tanaxmad,
`laRiZis wylebis~ sanacvlod, mas es
sardafi saxelmwifosTvis usasyidlod
unda gadaeca. `laRiZis wylebis~ safirmo maRaziisTvis profili 20 wlis
ganmavlobaSi unda SeenarCunebina; eqvs
TveSi erTxel ki nakisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb saministrosTvis unda ecnobebina. aseve, myidvels
ar hqonda ufleba, xelSekrulebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis srulad
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Sesrulebamde, gamyidvelTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, gaeyida, gaecvala, gaeqiravebina, ijariT gaeca an giraoSi Caedo
gadacemuli qoneba.
Tumca,
pirobebis
umravlesoba
dairRva _ xavTasma saministrosTan
SeuTanxmeblad gaasxvisa maRaziis
prospeqtis mxares mdebare nawili, sadac `tao-privat bankis~ filialis gaxsna igegmeba. TviTon xavTass farTis
mxolod mcire nawili darCa. swored
am nawilSi _ sardafSia gaxsnili dRes
`laRiZis wylebi~.
ivane xavTasi, gafrTxilebis miuxedavad, arc mimdinare saqmianobis Sesaxeb
awvdida saministros cnobebs. ekonomikis saministros saxelSekrulebo
valdebulebaTa monitoringis departamentis mTavari specialisti qeTevan
oragveliZe acxadebs, rom gamafrTxilebeli werilebi saministros ukan
ubrundeboda. Semdeg `ivane xavTasis
mezoblisgan gavarkvieT, rom igi sazRvargareT iyo wasuli. 2009 wlis maisSi
gamoCnda xavTasis warmomadgeneli kaxa
gurgeniZe. am droisaTvis xavTass ukve
ericxeboda jarimac _ 470 600 aSS dolari. amave dros, sajaro reestridan
gavarkvieT, rom qonebis gamziris mxares mdebare nawils axali mepatrone
hyavda _ vinme talaxaZe. rogorc CvenTvis cnobilia, igi am farTSi `taoprivat bankis~ filialis gaxsnas apirebs. aRmoCnda, rom talaxaZe am obieqtis
mesame myidvelia. kontraqtis gansakuTrebuli, damatebiTi piroba darRveulia. xavTass saministros Tanxmobis
gareSe gayidvis ufleba ar hqonda~, _
acxadebs qeTevan oragveliZe.
ekonomikis ganviTarebis saministroSi `laRiZis wylebis~ safirmo
maRaziis gaxsnis faqts ar aRiareben,
radgan es specialurma komisiam unda
daadasturos. amitom saministroSi
acxadeben, rom am etapze maTi mTavari
prioriteti swored maRaziis gaxsnaa.
`Cven unda vaiZuloT myidveli, rom
piroba Seasrulos. Tvis bolomde an
jarima unda gadaixadon, an unda gaasaCivron, an Cven unda gavataroT
kanoniT daSvebuli RonisZieba, Tanxa
amoviRoT da maRazias profili SevunarCunoT~, _ aRniSnavs oragveliZe.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
administraciul kolegiaSi sarCeli
Seitana Tornike laRiZemac, privatizaciis baTilad cnobis moTxovniT.
laRiZis advokatis irma maxaTaZis TqmiT, 2007 wlis ivlisSi kanonSi cvliliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
lebis Sedegad kulturuli Zeglis
privatizebis nebarTvas kulturis,
ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministro gascemda. advokati acxadebs, rom
araerTxel iTxova sajaro informacia
yofili `laRiZis wylebis~, rogorc
kulturuli Zeglis, privatizebisTvis
gacemuli nebarTvis Sesaxeb, Tumca pasuxad miiRo, rom Sesabamisi SeTanxmebis an sanebarTvo dokumentacia arc
kulturis da arc ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministroebSi ar moipoveba.
`ratom miiCnia ekonomikis ganviTarebis saministrom ivane xavTasi
keTilsindisier myidvelad da ra winapiroba hqonda mis mier am obieqtis
yidvas? prezidentis gankargulebas
safuZvlad ivane xavTasis werili daedo. werilis asli xelT maqvs da masSi
xavTasi wers, rom Tanaxmaa, rusTavelis 30-Si 600 kv.m.-mde farTi (sardafi)
usasyidlod gadasces saxelmwifos, im
pirobiT, rom saxelmwifosgan, pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT, prezidentis Sesabamis aqtis safuZvelze, SeiZinos 1,3
milionad `laRiZis wylebis~ safirmo
maRaziis kuTvnili farTi~, _ ganmartavs advokati irma maxaTaZe.
ivane xavTasi eqimia, ozurgeTSi muSaobs, aq ki misi warmomadgeneli kaxa
gurgeniZe gaxlavT. gurgeniZe miiCnevs, rom obieqts profili SenarCunebuli aqvs da `laRiZis wylebi~ gaxsnilia. `axla naucbaTevad gavxseniT,
radgan iyo moTxovna. aqamde imitom
ar gavakeTeT remonti, rom Tbilisis
meria atarebda prospeqtis sareabilitacio samuSaoebs. Semdeg 2009 wlis 9
aprilidan daiwyo aqciebi da saremonto masalebis Semotanis saSualeba ar
gvqonda. axla ukve SegviZlia SemovitanoT es masalebi da paralelur reJimSi vimuSaoT _ Tan wyali gaiyideba,
Tan saremonto samuSaoebi Catardeba~,
_ azustebs igi.
saministroSi ki dRemde miiCneven,
rom xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli piroba _ `laRiZis wylebis~
safirmo maRaziisTvis profilis SenarCuneba _ ar Sesrulebula. Tumca,
xelSekrulebaSi ar iyo zustad dadgenili vada, rodis unda gaxsniliyo
maRazia.
`Cven vcdilobT, vidre erTi Sansi
mainc arsebobs, am adamians gavaxsnevinoT maRazia da mkveTr nabijebze amitom ar mivdivarT. es adamiani arakeTilsindisieri myidveli aRmoCnda da
xelSekrulebis pirobebi daarRvia, ma-
gram Cven jer kidev ar vCiviT. Tu ar
dadginda, rom piroba namdvilad Sesrulebulia, ise, rogorc saxelmwifom
daadgina, is dakargavs am qonebas~, _
aRniSnavs ekonomikis ganviTarebis saministros pressamsaxuris ufrosi eka
janaSia.
`laRiZis wylebis~ erTaderTi mwarmoebeli saaqcio sazogadoeba `laRiZea~. misi direqtori Tornike laRiZe ganmartavs, rom maT qarxanaSi Sps
`tai-fudis~ warmomadgenelma 35 litri sirofi iyida da swored am sirofisgan damzadebuli wyali iyideba
dRes sardafSi. `Cven ar vicodiT, vin
iyvnen isini da ise miveciT sirofi. es
xelSekrulebis gaformebis gareSe moxda, amis Semdeg ki arc erT wveT sirofs aRar mivcemT maT. samarcxvino
da dauSvebelia, rom `laRiZis wyali~
sadRac sardafSi iyidebodes. iq aravin Cava wylis dasalevad~, _ acxadebs
Tornike laRiZe.
sapasuxod kaxa gurgeniZe ambobs:
`isini Tu sirofs ar momcemen, ese igi,
raRac daintereseba aqvT, rom `laRiZis wylebi~ ar gaiyidos da axla vcdilob, davadgino es interesebi~.
Tornike laRiZis advokati varaudobs, rom saqmis ganxilva seqtemberSi
dasruldeba. `saministros SesaniSnavi
saSualeba aqvs, baTilad cnos es privatizacia da pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT gadasces marTlac dainteresebul
pirs da keTilsindisier myidvels~, _
aRniSnavs irma maxaTaZe.
gaurkvevelia, vin unda upasuxos
SekiTxvas _ rodis eqneba Tbiliss
tradiciad da simbolod qceuli `laRiZis wylebis~ kolorituli maRazia;
wesiT _ sasamarTlom.
`vcdilobT, am adamians
gavaxsnevinoT
`laRiZis wylebi~. is
arakeTilsindisieri
myidveli aRmoCnda da
xelSekrulebis pirobebi
daarRvia, Tu ar dadginda,
rom piroba Sesrulebulia,
is dakargavs am
qonebas~, - acxadeben
ekonomikis ganviTarebis
saministroSi.
63
cxovelebis uflebebi
avcraT
Tu movklaT?
cofisgan dacva pirvel rigSi mawanwala
cxovelebs sWirdebaT. maTze zrunva sakuTar Tavze zrunvasac niSnavs >>
foto marika qoCiaSvili
marika qoCiaSvili, salome alania
saqarTveloSi upatrono ZaRlebisa da katebis registracia arasdros
momxdara. cnobilia mxolod is, rom
bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi pirvelma veterinarulma klinikam daaxloebiT 26 000 ZaRli daxoca. Tumca,
rTulia imis gansazRvra, ra Sedegi
moitana aTasobiT ZaRlis daxocvam.
savaraudod, Sedegi am masobriv xocvas saerTod ar hqonia _ meqanikuri
gamoxSirviT, anu mokvdinebiT, problemis gadawyveta SeuZlebelia. eqspertebis TqmiT, mokluli Sinauri
cxovelis adgils sxva, gareubnidan
Semosuli, naxevrad veluri cxoveli ikavebs, romelic SesaZloa, bevri
sxva daavadebis matarebeli iyos.
riskis jgufSi yvela ZuZumwovari
cxoveli Sedis, radgan cofi tyidan
vrceldeba. amitom yvela Tanxmdeba, rom problemis gadawyveta swored aqedan unda daiwyos. msoflioSi
aprobirebuli meTodiT, gareul cxovelebs oralur vaqcinacias ukeTeben,
rac infeqciis Tavidan acilebis pirveli nabijia. Tumca, imis gamo, rom
saqarTveloSi aranairi kvleva ar
Catarebula, zustad gansazRvruli
araa, sadaa cofis ZiriTadi kera.
64
cofis prevenciis meore, yvelaze
efeqturi gzaa upatrono ZaRlebis
populaciis Semcireba.
saqarTvelo am mxrivac yvelanair
saerTaSoriso standarts CamorCeba. standarti ki aseTia: mawanwala
ZaRlebis populacia rom Semcirdes,
maTi sterilizacia an kastracia da
vaqcinaciaa saWiro. am meTodebiT
unda xelmZRvanelobdes `pirveli
veterinaruli klinikac~, romelmac
2006 wlis ivnisSi meriis tenderSi gaimarjva da mawanwala ZaRlebis populaciis kontroli sakuTar
Tavze aiRo. meriaSi aRiareben, rom
tenderis pirobebi srulyofili ar
iyo. klinikisTvis savaldebulo ar
yofila Zu ZaRlebis sterilizacia,
rac mawanwala ZaRlebis gamravlebas yvelaze efeqturad Seaferxebda.
Tumca, pirveli vetklinika mawanwala
ZaRlebis acraze pasuxismgeblobas
saerTod icilebs Tavidan da vaqcinacias mxolod mikedlebul Sinaur
cxovelebs ukeTebs (mikedlebuls im
cxovels uwodeben, romelic quCaSi
ki cxovrobs, magram adamianis mfarvelobis qveSaa). veterinaruli klinikis direqtori nugzar bolqvaZe
amtkicebs, rom vaqcinaciac ki ar iZleva cofiani cxovelisgan dakbenili
sxva cxovelis dacvis garantias.
amiT amarTleben pirvel veterinarul klinikaSi im faqts, rom 2
wlis ganmavlobaSi maT daWerili
mawanwala ZaRlebis umravlesoba
daxoces. ramdenime wlis win saSinlad arahumanuri iyo quCis ZaRlis
mokvlis procedurac. quCebSi rkinis maSebiT daWerili cxovelebi e.w.
beikeris ormomde mihyavdaT, SigniT yridnen, dens utarebdnen da
ase klavdnen. pirvel vetklinikaSi
amtkiceben, rom isini dRes cxovelebis daxocvis gacilebiT humanur
meTods iyeneben. marTalia, mawanwala ZaRlebs isev rkinis maSebiT iWeren (rac, ukve didi xania, evropaSi akrZalulia), magram amtkiceben,
rom axla maT evTanaziis saSualebiT
klaven. beikeris ormos ki leSis gadasayrelad isev iyeneben. gasuli
ori wlis ganmavlobaSi daWerili
ZaRlebidan sikvdils mxolod 10
procenti gadaurCa da isic _ mxolod mikedlebuli cxovelebi.
TiTo cxovelis evTanaziaSi, tenderis pirobebiT, pirveli vetklinika 46 lars iRebda (gasuli wlis
noembridan _ 35 lars) maSin, roca
kastraciasa da acraSi, saerTo jamSi, 37 lari ergeba saxelmwifosgan.
proeqtis farglebSi ki, 2,5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifom pirvel vetklinikas 1 681 668 lari gamouyo.
cxovelTa damcveli organizaciebi
pirvel veterinarul klinikas ZaRlebis arahumanuri gziT daWerasa da
mokvdinebaSi adanaSauleben. cxovelebis qarTveli damcvelebis pozicias amagrebs saerTaSoriso organizacia WSPA-c, (World Society for the
Protection of Animals). maTi SefasebiT,
upatrono ZaRlebis masobrivi Jleta
araefeqturi da Tanac sakmaod Zviri
meTodia.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis
miuRebelia isic, rom krematoriumis
ararsebobis gamo, leSs cxovelTa
samarxSi yrian. sazRvargareT mkvdaliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
riTadad ZaRlebis, matebiT da maTi
aucrelobiT. arseboben agreTve
`patroniani~ aucreli cxovelebic.
vidre es problema ar mogvardeba,
cofis SemTxvevebi adamianebSi kvlav
iqneba.
saqarTveloSi wlis ganmavlobaSi
cofze acras daaxloebiT 28 aTasi
adamiani ikeTebs. mTel msoflioSi
am kuTxiT yvelaze didi maCvenebeli Cvens qveyanaSia. SarSan cofiT 7
adamiani daiRupa, rodesac dasavleT
evropaSi cofiT sikvdili aRar fiqsirdeba.
erT-erTi didi problema, kanonis
ararsebobacaa. sakrebulos 2001 wlis
gadawyvetileba Tbilisis teritoriaze ZaRlebis, katebis da mtacebeli
cxovelebis Senaxvis wesebis Sesaxeb
arsebobs, magram imis gamo, rom mis
Sesrulebas aravin akontrolebs, mas
arc aravin emorCileba. magaliTad, es
dokumenti krZalavs alikapis gareSe
cxovelis quCaSi gayvanas, Tumca alikapiani cxovelis povna qalaqSi gagiWirdebaT. sakrebuloSi wardgenili
proeqti am wesebis daxvewasac iTvaliswinebs. winaswari varaudiT, aikrZaleba ZaRlebis gayvana, magaliTad,
bavSvebis saTamaSo moednebze. aseve,
mepatronis valdebuleba iqneba, aalagos cxovelis eqskrementebi, rac
nebismier parksa da quCaSi gvxvdeba.
wesebis makontrolebeli ki savaraudod policia iqneba, rac Tavis mxriv
gamoiwvevs cvlilebis Setanas policiis Sesaxeb organul kanonSi. ar aris
foto marika qoCiaSvili
ri ZaRlebis ganadgureba mxolod
krematoriumebSi xdeba. nugzar bolqvaZe ki amtkicebs, rom es gza araefeqturia, radgan filtri, romlis
saSualebiTac krematoriumSi toqsikuri nivTierebebis gawmenda xdeba,
Tavis saqmes mainc ver asrulebs.
mawanwala ZaRlebis gamravlebas
xels uwyobs specialuri TavSesafris ararsebobac. sazRvargareT,
amgvar TavSesafrebSi upatrono ZaRlebs garkveuli droiT ikedleben da
mkurnaloben.
TavSesafris aSeneba saqarTveloSi 2010 wels igegmeba. ukve didi
xania, meriis sakuTrebaSia teritoria, sadac holandielebi TavianTi
xarjebiT TavSesafris aSenebas da
saWiro inventariT uzrunvelyofas
apireben. paralelurad, mdgomareobas isic gamoasworebs, rom pirveli vetklinikis satendero vada 2009
wlis 31 dekembers amoiwureba, meria
ki _ rogorc `liberalTan~ saubarSi acxadeben _ axal kompanias ufro
srulyofil satendero pirobebs
SesTavazebs. Tuki ZaRlebis mokvla
marTla aRar iqneba quCis ZaRlebTan
brZolis erTaderTi gza da upiratesobas sterilizacia-vaqcinaciis
meTods mivaniWebT, saerTaSoriso
organizaciebi
dafinansebiTa
da
treningebiT daxmarebas gvpirdebian.
upatrono cxovelebis problemaze muSaoba Tbilisis sakrebulomac
sul ramdenime Tvis win daiwyo. saerTaSoriso cxovelTa dacvis organizaciebTan konsultaciebiT Seiqmna
proeqti, romlis mixedviTac, pirvel
rigSi, quCis ZaRlebisa da katebis
aRricxva da klasifikacia unda moxdes. ukve amis Semdeg gaxdeba SesaZlebeli maTi humanuri meTodiT
daWera _ sterilizacia da gaSveba.
aravin gamoricxavs da, maT Soris
arc saerTaSoriso organizaciebi,
rom agresiuli da daavadebuli cxovelis likvidacia aucilebelia, Tumca mxolod humanuri gziT.
Tuki saxelmwifo cxovelebSi cofis
prevenciisTvis
konkretuli
nabijebis gadadgmas daiwyebs, es
adamianebis inficirebis risksac Seamcirebs. daavadebaTa kontrolis
erovnuli centris 2008 wlis reportSi weria, rom adamianebSi cofis
SemTxvevebis stabilurad maRali
done gamowveulia dasaxlebul punqtebSi moxetiale cxovelebis, Zi-
gamoricxuli, ZaRlebis mflobelebs
gadasaxadic dauwesdeT. proeqti
iTvaliswinebs qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobaSi cxovelebze zrunvis ganyofilebis Seqmnas. misi movaleoba iqneba
mawanwala ZaRlebis populaciis kontroli da saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi cxovelebze zrunvis kursis Setana.
mxolod
am
RonisZiebebis
Tanmimdevruli amoqmedebis Semdeg
SeZlebs saqarTvelo wavides, vTqvaT,
indoeTze win, sadac efeqturi saxelmwifo politikis ararsebobis gamo,
dResac msoflioSi yvelaze meti adamiani iRupeba cofiT.
meriaSi aRiareben, rom
tenderis pirobebi
srulyofili ar
iyo. klinikisTvis
savaldebulo ar
yofila Zu ZaRlebis
sterilizacia, rac
mawanwala ZaRlebis
gamravlebas yvelaze
efeqturad Seaferxebda.
pirveli vetklinika
mawanwala ZaRlebis
acraze pasuxismgeblobas
saerTod icilebs Tavidan.
evTanazia, Tbilisi 2009
65
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebi
Tanasworobis
garantia erTi pirobiT
Tbilisi _ qalaqi, romelSic mosaxleobis nawilis arseboba
gaTvaliswinebuli saerTod ar aris >>
foto REUTERS / klaudia doti
maka jaiani
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis mimarT saxelmwifo
politika rom icvleba, amis dasturad yvelaze xSirad inkluziuri
ganaTlebis precedents iSvelieben
xolme. Tbilisis aT sapilote skolaSi dawyebuli eqsperimenti, romelic axali saswavlo wlidan regionebzec gavrceldeba, marTlac
yvelaze xelSesaxebi Sedegia. realobis kidev ufro mkveTr Secvlas
elian mas mere, rac Semodgomaze saqarTvelo gaero-s konvenciis wevri
gaxdeba da oficialurad ikisrebs
valdebulebas, izrunos am adamianebis sazogadoebaSi srulfasovnad
CarTvaze.
Tumca, saqarTvelo konvenciaze
xels moawers erTi pirobiT, rom
saswrafod aravin mogvTxovs qalaqebis infrastruqturis gadawyobas
ise, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis saWiroebebic
iyos gaTvaliswinebuli. am daTqmis
mizezi saTanado finansebis ararsebobaa. da vidre finansebi ar arsebobs, Tbilisi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis saWiroebebze
mxolod 0.2 procentiT aris morge66
buli _ rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, saqarTvelos patara qalaqebze.
2006 wels organizacia PAconsulting-is mier Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, yvela kategoriis invalidi
uCioda araadaptirebul garemos,
konkretulad ki imas, rom qalaqSi
Tavisuflad ver moZraobda da, Tundac etliT, TiTqmis verc erT dawesebulebaSi ver Sedioda.
im droisTvis, oficialuri monacemebiT, usinaTloTaTvis SuqniSnebTan specialuri xmovani sasignalo
mowyobiloba TbilisSi mxolod organ iyo damontaJebuli; fexiT mosiaruleTa miwisqveSa gasasvlelebSi
ki saetle bilikebi _ mxolod vakis
parkTan da samgan _ ilia WavWavaZis
gamzirze. saqarTveloSi moqmedi 11
sapilote skolidan, sadac inkluziuri ganaTleba mimdinareobs, pandusebiT, specialuri bilikebiT da
sveli wertilebiT aRWurvili iyo
mxolod ori skola; gadaadgilebisTvis aucilebeli saSualebebi arc
Teatrebsa da sakoncerto darbazebSi arsebobda.
sami wlis Tavze cvlileba minimaluria. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis
pirebisTvis nawilobriv mosaxerxebelia is 40-mde yviTeli avtobusi, romelsac pandusi da dabali asasvleli
aqvs. pandusebiT uzrunvelyofil
teritoriebs ki qalaqSi verisa da `9
aprilis~ baRebi emateba. specialurad moawyves sapilote programaSi
CarTuli skolebic. Tumca, bevrgan
pandusi moSlilia, lifti ki ar muSaobs. bilikebis daxris kuTxisa da
sxva teqnikuri mizezebis gamo, dRemde Wirs miwisqveSa saetle bilikebiT
sargeblobac.
Tbilisis im iSviaT Senobebs Soris, romlebic SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebzea
morgebuli, erT-erTia dRis centri `anika~, sadac 7-dan 22 wlamde
bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi dadian,
ZiriTadad
cerebruli
damblis
diagnoziT. `anikas~ Senoba Cveni
qveynisTvis unikaluria _ etlian
adamians mis nebismier kuTxeSi
uproblemod SeuZlia moxvedra da
tualetiTa da sacurao auziTac
sxvebis dauxmareblad sargebloba.
am keTilmowyobil centrSi misasvlelad ki maT liftiani avtobusi
emsaxurebaT.
`anika~ am adamianebisTvis maTi
yoveldRiurobis sruli alternativaa: vidre komfortul avtobusSi Casxdebodnen da ramdenime saaTs
saocnebo garemoSi gaatarebdnen,
etliani bavSvebi sadarbazoebSi
mSoblebs xeliT CahyavT. maTi saxlebis absolutur umravlesobas
araTu specialuri liftebi ar aqvs,
xSirad arc Cveulebrivi liftebi
muSaobs.
centris xelmZRvaneli irina inasariZe ambobs, rom es xSirad mxolod
saxelmwifo struqturebis problema
ar aris: `iyo aseTi SemTxveva: arasamTavrobo organizaciis `koalicia damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis~
TxovniT, saxlebSi, sadac etliT mosargeble adamianebi cxovrobdnen,
erTxans `Tbilisis korpusi~ liftebs urigod akeTebda, magram zogan
saxlebis binadrebma uari ganacxades
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
Tanadafinansebis wilis gadaxdaze,
miuxedavad imisa, rom es wili SeRavaTiani iyo. igive viTarebaa sabavSvo
baRebSi, skolebsa da sxva dawesebulebebSic~.
`SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad,
saxelmwifo organoebi, sawarmoebi
da organizaciebi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs uqmnian pirobebs sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi da sawarmoo SenobebiT,
transportiTa da satransporto
komunikaciebiT, aseve _ kavSirgabmulobisa da informaciis saSualebebiT sargeblobisTvis, Tavisufali
orientaciisa da gadaadgilebisaTvis. dauSvebelia dasaxlebuli punqtebis daproeqteba da ganaSenianeba,
sxvadasxva obieqtis mowyoba, mSenebloba da rekonstruqcia, Tu isini
ar miesadageba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa saWiroebasa da
moTxovnebs.
rogorc saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministroSi ganmartaven, es kanoni rom
dRemde ar moqmedebs, kanonmdeblobaSi
jer kidev arsebuli xarvezebis, anu Sesabamisi kanonqvemdebare aqtebis ararsebobis bralia.
arasamTavrobo organizaciis `koalicia damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis~ wevri, giorgi ZnelaZe miiCnevs,
rom problema umtkivneulod mogvardeba, Tuki saxelmwifo samSeneblo
satendero pirobebs daxvews. Tuki
satendero winadadebaSi Caideba moTxovna, rom mSenebels Senobis adaptireba evaleba. `is mainc asrulebs
samuSaos da, kibis magivrad panduss
Tu daayenebs, rac ar ebegreba, ra
unda waagos? 60-is nacvlad 80-santimetrian kars Tu gaakeTebs, erTgvari
ekonomiac gamouva. ra mniSvneloba
aqvs misTvis, karis saxelurs cota
qvemoT Tu daamagrebs? _ araviTari.
CvenTvis ki es aucilebelia~, _ ambobs giorgi ZnelaZe. misi TqmiT, `igive
pandusi, specialuri lifti, ar aris
mxolod SezRuduli SesaZleblobis
mqone adamianisTvis. SeiZleba misiT
sargebloba dasWirdeT moxucebs,
fexmZime qalebs, bavSvebs sabavSvo
etlebiT. dRes es infrastruqturis
Tanamedrove dizainia da ara specproeqtireba~.
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis samiliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
nistros saganmanaTleblo da samecniero struqturebis ganviTarebis
saagentos direqtoris moadgilem,
Tea kvintraZem `liberals~ ganucxada, rom tenderebSi, romelsac
saagento momavalSi gamoacxadebs,
aucileblad Caideba Senobebis adaptirebis piroba.
rac Seexeba kerZo samSeneblo kompaniebs, dRes Senobebis adaptacia,
faqtobrivad, maT keTil nebazea damokidebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom
arasamTavrobo organizaciam `koalicia damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis~ samSeneblo kompaniebisTvis am
Temaze specialuri seminarebic gamarTa, saxlebis proeqtirebisas seminarze mosmenili sakiTxebi aravis
gauTvaliswinebia. axali Senobebis
absoluturi umravlesoba mTlianad
araadaptirebulia. rogorc organizaciis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis oficeri, rati ionaTamiSvili
ambobs, gamonaklisia sami saxli, romelic vakeSi aSenda.
irina inasariZe ixsenebs: `jandacvis saministrom kinoSi dagvpatiJa.
Senobas saSinlad viwro da maRali
kibe hqonda. yvelani gavwvaldiT.
Zalian undodaT, bavSvebisTvis esiamovnebinaT _ xelSi ayvanac ki SesTavazes, magram maT es ar siamovnebT.
bevri 14-15 wlisaa, ukve didia da ar
undaT, ase rom eqceodnen~.
irina inasariZisTvis adaptirebuli garemos klasikuri magaliTi
aseTia: `amerikaSi, erT Cveulebriv
sastumroSi msoflio kongresze SevikribeT. erTi monawile gvyavda,
uxelo, ufexo. moZraobda motoriani
etliT, romelsac mxriT marTavda.
roca sasesio dRis Semdeg darbazidan gamovediT, davinaxe, rom liftisken wavida. wavedi dasaxmareblad.
ar dasWirvebia _ Rilaks nikapi miaWira, lifti gamoiZaxa, SevediT, isev
nikapiT miuTiTa, romeli sarTuli
undoda, gaCerda lifti, gavida, piriT moargo plastikuri gasaRebi
kars, gaaRo da nomerSi Sevida.
mere davakvirdi Senobas _ yvelaferi: Rilaki, saxeluri, gasaRebis bude
_ iseT doneze iyo gakeTebuli, rom
nebismieri simaRlisa da mdgomareobis adamiani miswvdeboda; yvelafers
brailis SriftiT hqonda miwerili,
ra iyo da rogor unda mogexmaraT.
usinaTlos yovelTvis ecodineboda,
romel sarTulze iyo, romel oTa-
xSi, ra atributTan... CvenTan aseT
garemoze jer ocnebac ar SeiZleba~.
iq, sadac garemosTan adaptirebis
problema moxsnilia, yvelas eZleva Tanabari SesaZlebloba, srulfasovani cxovrebiT icxovros. amis
yvelaze naTeli magaliTia den kiplingeri _ `mefe xeibari~, romlis
cxovrebazec amave saxelwodebis,
araerTi konkursis laureati filmi gadaiRes. cerebruli dambliT
daavadebuli deni cnobilia Tavisi
naxatebiT, romlebsac specialuri
mowyobilobis daxmarebiT xatavs.
misi namuSevrebi warmatebiT mxolod
avtoris biografiis gamo ar sargeblobs.
den kiplingerma sirTuleebi dedis, megobrebis, maswavleblebis,
leqtorebis _ mTeli amerikis daxmarebiT daZlia. gamarTuli sistemis
pirobebSi, igive gzis gavla adamianis
nebisyofasa da survilzea damokidebuli. iq ki, sadac sistema moikoWlebs, survili da nebisyofa sakmarisi
ar aris.
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministroSi ganmartaven, rom gaero-s
konvenciis me-9 da me-20 muxlebis
(infrastruqturis
Sesabamisobis
moTxovna) moTxovnebis inplementacia mniSvnelovan xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli da, naklebad savaraudoa,
uaxloes
xanebSi
maTi
Sesruleba moxerxdes. saministroSi
imasac amboben, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebisTvis infrastruqturis adaptireba,
gaero-s konvenciaze mierTebis Semdeg, TandaTanobiTac iqneba SesaZlebeli.
vidre finansebi
ar arsebobs,
Tbilisi SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone
adamianebis saWiroebebze
mxolod 0.2 procentiT
aris morgebuli - rom
aRaraferi vTqvaT,
saqarTvelos patara
qalaqebze.
67
bavSvTa saxlebi
socialurad
oboli
rodesac sazogadoebisTvis normaa is, rom deda Svils bavSvTa saxlSi TviTon
abarebs da roca am midgomaze mTeli socialuri sistemaa agebuli, es sistema
saswrafod unda daingres, _ fiqroben poloneli eqspertebi >>
bavSvTa saxlis aRsazrdelis anarekli fanjaraSi, Tbilisi 2009
es sistema CvenTan jerac ngrevis
procesSia. amis dasturia Tundac is,
rom saqarTveloSi dRemde mxolod
laparakoben bavSvTa didi TavSesafrebis daxurvisa da maTi patara, ojaxuri
tipis saxlebad gadakeTebis aucileblobaze. saxelmwifo ki gaWirvebul
mSobels imdenad usistemod exmareba,
rom krizisSi myofi ojaxebisTvis erTaderTi yvelaze `ioli~ gamosavalia,
sakuTari Svili bavSvTa saaRmzrdelo
dawesebulebaSi sakuTari nebiT Caabaros.
jandacvis saministros 2008 wlis monacemebiT, 27 bavSvTa saxlSi 1623 bavSvi cxovrobda. am bavSvebis umetesoba,
rogorc maT uwodeben, socialurad
obolia.
`socialurad oboli niSnavs bavSvs, romelsac Tundac erTi cocxali
mSobeli hyavs, magram saaRmzrdelo
68
dawesebulebaSi izrdeba. zogierTi
mSobeli amiT ixsnis bavSvis aRzrdaze
pasuxismgeblobas~, _ ganmartavs nino
nucubiZe, organizacia `gadavarCinoT
bavSvebis~ TanamSromeli.
`es komunisturi tradiciaa, _ aRniSnavs poloneli eqsperti tomek polkovskic, _ da SeZlebisdagvarad droze
unda moispos, radgan aseTi midgoma
sabWoTa periodSi hqonda saxelmwifos
_ Tu bavSvis movlas Tavs ver arTmev,
Cven, anu saxelmwifo, ukeTesad gavzrdiT mas da ase, instituciebSi zrdidnen yvelaze warmatebul Cekistebs da
`kagebes~ TanamSromlebs. axla Cveni mizani es xom ar aris?~
umTavresi problemaa is, rom saqarTveloSi moqmed praqtikulad yvela
dawesebulebaSi, sadac bavSvebi `yazarmulad~ cxovroben, koleqtiuri muSaobis principi moqmedebs. es niSnavs
samyaros mowyvetil, didi RobiT SemosazRvrul, did Senobas, sadac did
jgufebad dayofili bavSvebi saerTo
oTaxebSi cxovroben. maTTan momuSave specialisti ki cotaa _ saSualod,
oc bavSvTan erTi aRmzrdeli muSaobs.
aseT pirobebSi TiTqmis gamoricxulia
bavSvebTan individualuri muSaoba,
konkretul aRmzrdelsa da pataras
Soris emociuri kavSiris damyareba.
`bavSvi, rodesac xvdeba instituciaSi, kargavs mTavar urTierTobebs,
grZnobebs, usafrTxoebis SegrZnebas.
samyaro, romelic manamde mSoblebTan
mijaWvulobaze iyo agebuli, ingreva
da bavSvi saswrafod eZebs raime dasayrdens. aseT bavSvTa saxlebSi ki, sadac aRmzrdelebs erTdroulad bevr
bavSvze zrunva uwevT, es SeuZlebelia.
am dros bavSvi emociurad iTiSeba da
mxolod biologiur doneze ibrZvis
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto iustina melnikeviCi
magda novakovska
gadarCenisTvis. cota xanSi is TiTqos
egueba Tavis mdgomareobas, iwyebs sicils da TamaSsac ki, magram es mxolod
zedapiruli procesia, sinamdvileSi
ki moxda misi emociuri unarebis sruli CaxSoba~, _ ambobs eqsperti tomek
polkovski.
am process, anu mSobelTan mijaWvulobis Sewyvetas, fsiqologebi deprivacias eZaxian. misi daZleva realurad
ramdenime gziTaa SesaZlebeli. pirvel
rigSi gasakeTebeli saqme gaWirvebuli
mSoblebis finansuri daxmareba iqneboda ise, rom maT Svilebi ukan, saxlebSi miiRon. CvenTan msgavsi programa
prevencia-reintegraciis
saxeliT,
ramdenime welia, arsebobs. programis
pirveli komponenti gulisxmobs SeWirvebuli ojaxebis finansur daxmarebas,
raTa SeCerdes bavSvTa saxlebSi patarebis Cabarebis procesi. am mizniT
ojaxs Tviurad unda mieRo 80 lari _
janmrTel bavSvze, 130 lari _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pataraze.
meore komponentis mixedviT ki, ukve
Cabarebuli bavSvebis biologiur ojaxebSi dabruneba unda momxdariyo aseve
finansuri xelSewyobiT. dRes programa
SeCerebulia. jandacvis saministroSi
acxadeben, rom is amoqmeddeba mxolod
mas Semdeg, rac zustad Camoyalibdeba daxmarebis gacemis kriteriumebi.
savaraudod, es kriteriumebi iqneba
mkacri, rom gamoiricxos bavSvis Cabarebis safrTxiT spekulireba _ motivi,
ris gamoc, Tavis droze programis moqmedeba SeaCeres.
manamde ki socialurad obol bavSvebze gansxvavebulad zrunvis procesi
TviTon bavSvTa saxlebSi unda daiwyos.
aseTia polonuri proeqtis mizanic.
tomek polkovski da misi kolega, silvia boroveci, saqarTveloSi bavSvTa
saxlebSi momuSave specialistebs bavSvebTan da maT ojaxebTan muSaobis axal
meTods aswavlian. programa organizacia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebis~, USAID-is
da poloneTis mTavrobis mier aris
dafinansebuli da instituciebSi momuSave pedagogebisTvis bavSvebTan da maT
ojaxebTan individualuri muSaobis meTodis swavlebas iTvaliswinebs.
diRmis bavSvTa saxlis direqtori
lela merabiSvili programis erT-erTi monawilea. direqtoris kabinetis
fanjara ezoSi gadis. iqidan ki bavSvebis Jriamuli ismis, romlebic axal
moedanze fexburTs TamaSoben. diRmis
saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebaSi bavSvebs
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
TiTqos araferi akliaT _ arc saWmeli, arc garToba da arc zrunva, magram
lela merabiSvili amtkicebs, rom maT
srulfasovani ganviTarebis Sansi mxolod ojaxur garemoSi aqvT.
`deda bavSvis sanaxavad aq or kviraSi
erTxel modis, da yovel bavSvs iseTi
bednieri saxe aqvs im erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi, rom rac unda vecado, aseT
bednierebas ver mivaniWeb~, _ ambobs
lela.
ojaxTan da bavSvTan individualuri
gegmiT muSaobis Semdeg diRmis bavSvTa
saxlidan SarSan mSoblebTan Tormeti
bavSvi dabrunda. wels Svidma mSobelma
gamoTqva survili, Svilebi saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebidan Sin waeyvanaT.
`yvelanairad vcdilobT, rom maT Soris gawyvetili Zafi aRvadginoT, ise,
rom TviTon mSoblebi mixvdnen, rom
maTi Svilebi aq ar unda iyvnen. yvela
ojaxSi, Tundac Zalian gaWirvebulSi,
moinaxeba erTi bavSvis adgili, erTi
logini da sakvebic~, _ ambobs lela.
imisaTvis, rom Tundac yvelaze gaWirvebul ojaxSi bavSvis adgili moinaxos, ojaxs daxmareba sWirdeba ise,
rom erTi mxriv bavSvze zrunvis unari
hqondes, meore mxriv ki gauCndes misi
rCenis saSualeba. saxelmwifoSi arsebuli socialuri daxmarebis, gadamzadebis da dasaqmebis programebi ki zRvaSi wveTia.
saxelmwifo subsidiebis saagentos
monacemebiT, siRaribis zRvars miRma
saqarTveloSi 104 aTasi bavSvi cxovrobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom, wlevandeli
monacemebiT, 203 bavSvi dabrunda ojaxSi, 1114 bavSvis mSobels ki Sin aRmouCines daxmareba, bavSvTa saxlebSi bavSvebis raodenoba, jamSi, mainc gaizarda.
`saqarTvelo ar aris mdidari qveyana, magram mainc moiZebneba sakmaod
didi Tanxa problemis gadasaWrelad,
Tundac is biujeti aviRoT, riTac arsebuli bavSvTa saxlebi finansdeba~, _
rCevis saxiT ambobs tomeki.
Tumca, didi TavSesafrebis Senaxva
saxelmwifos dRemde ufro `eioleba~,
vidre ojaxTan kompleqsuri muSaoba
da axali, ojaxuri tipis sabavSvo saxlebis gaxsna. Sedegad, dRes saqarTveloSi 27 didi instituciaa. maT Senaxvaze xelisufleba yovelwliurad 11
milion lars xarjavs. Tu am Tanxas
gavyofT bavSvTa saxlebSi mcxovrebi
bavSvebis raodenobaze, gamova, rom TiToeul bavSvze saxelmwifo weliwadSi
500 lars xarjavs. poloneli eqsperte-
bi ki fiqroben, rom SesaZlebelia, am
Tanxis ufro efeqturad gadanawileba
ise, rom Zveli sistemis ngrevac daviwyoT da socialurad oboli bavSvebis momavalzec ukeT vizrunoT.
momavali ki, Tu polonur statistikas moviSveliebT, instituciaSi gazrdil adamianebs aseTi aqvT: maT aqvT
oTxjer meti Sansi isev saxelmwifos
sazrunavi gaxdnen _ an kriminaluri saqmianoba daiwyon da moxvdnen cixeSi, an
cxovrebiseuli unarebis arqonis gamo,
socialur daxmarebaze samudamod gaxdnen damokidebulni.
saxelmwifo aRiarebs imas, rom instituciuri aRzrda arasworia da amis
magaliTia Tundac is, rom gvaqvs kanoni bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb,
moqmedebs saxelmwifos bavSvis dacvis
programac. am programis mixedviT, saxelmwifo valdebulebas iRebs, rom
2012 wlamde didi instituciebis umravlesoba unda daxuros. Tumca, jandacvis saministroSi am vadis Sesruleba
saeWvod miaCniaT da acxadeben, rom es
am etapze SeuZlebelia. maTi TqmiT, am
instituciebis gayidvisa da mopovebuli TanxiT maTi alternativis Seqmnis
gadawyvetileba premier-ministris donezea misaRebi.
polonur programaSi CarTuli specialistebi ki fiqroben, rom bavSvebze
zrunvis axali meTodebis swavla da arsebuli saxelmwifo programebis daxvewa aris erT-erTi xerxi saboloo
miznis misaRwevad. amave dros, saWiroa
mTlianad sistemasTan brZola. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, rogorc nino nucubiZe ambobs, did instituciebSi gazrdili bavSvebis saxiT, ara sakuTari
Tavis Semoqmed adamianebs, aramed saxelmwifoze mudmivad damokidebul
momxmarebels miviRebT.
saxelmwifo gaWirvebul
mSobels imdenad
usistemod exmareba,
rom krizisSi myofi
ojaxebisTvis erTaderTi
yvelaze `ioli~
gamosavalia, Svili
bavSvTa saaRmzrdelo
dawesebulebaSi sakuTari
nebiT Caabaros.
69
garemo
Trusos xeoba sakuTar simdidres
emsxverpla
ekologiuri situacia Trusos xeobaSi amJamad usafrTxoa, Tumca am
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa meToduri dakvirveba. aseTia
specialuri komisiis daskvna >>
foto Temo barZimaSvili
Temo barZimaSvili
Trusos xeoba
naxSirmJava airis Semcveli mineraluri wyaroebi _ is, riTac Trusom
miizida mewarmeebi, mTeli yazbegis
raionSia gavrcelebuli. mecnierebis
TqmiT, CO2, romelsac gazirebuli sasmelebisa da nayinis warmoebaSi iyeneben, yazbegSi kidev 15-mde sxva adgilas
moipoveba.
amitom, rodesac 2005 wels Sps `kasaram~ garemos dacvis saministros Trusos xeobaSi CO2-is mopovebis gancxadebiT mimarTa, nodar cercvaZe, rogorc
saqmis gansaxilvelad saministroSi
miwveuli eqsperti, kompanisTvis licenziis gacemis winaaRmdegi iyo. winaaRmdeg wavidnen sxva specialistebic,
radgan `kasaras~ direqtoris, gia soselias Tavdapirveli ganacxadis mixedviT, qarxnis gamarTvas Sig xeobaSi gegmavda. cercvaZis SefasebiT ki, Truso
sainteresoa ara mxolod misi feradi
travertinebiTa da buybuya tbebiT,
aramed unikaluri zomieri klimatiT,
fauniT da landSaftiT. swored amitom arasasurvelia nebismieri, da, miT
umetes, samewarmeo Careva am Tavisebur
`mikrosamyaroSi~. `Cemi neba rom yofiliyo, me mand cxvarsac ki ar SevuSveb70
di!~ _ acxadebs cercvaZe.
mogvianebiT, xeobaSi naxSirmJava
airis mopovebaze 25-wliani licenzia garemos dacvis saministrom Sps
`kasara~-s mainc gadasca. Tumca mewarmem specialistebis rCevebi gaiTvaliswina da qarxnis aSeneba xeobis SesasvlelTan dagegma, xeobis siRrmeSi
ki mxolod WaburRili datova. nodar
cercvaZis azriT, amiT garemosTvis
zianis miyeneba gamoiricxa _ mZlavr da
intensiur miwisqveSa procesebs TviTon WaburRili verafers daaklebs.
kompanias Trusos mineraluri wylebis sabadoebSi mopovebuli naxSirmJava
airi gazirebuli siTxis saxiT sagangebo WurWelSi unda Camoesxa da dainteresebuli mewarmeebisTvis mieyida.
`kasaras~ direqtori varaudobda, rom
TrusoSi wamowyebuli biznesiT biujetSi yovelwliurad milion laramde
Tanxas Seitanda da yazbegis raionis
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebasac Seuwyobda xels.
licenziis mixedviT, `kasaras~ daevala, 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi Seefasebina
naxSirmJava airis savaraudo maragi,
regularulad dakvirveboda, Seicv-
leboda Tu ara amosuli wylis intensivoba, Semadgenloba da sxva parametrebi. es monacemebi Semdeg xeobaSi
ekologiuri situaciis Sesafaseblad
unda gamoeyenebinaT. 2008 wlis ivlisSi saministrom Seamowma, Tu ramdenad
asrulebda kompania licenziis pirobebs da aRmoaCina, rom `kasaram~ am pirobis Sesruleba daTqmul vadaSi ver
moaswro. garemos dacvis saministrom
mewarme 500 lariT daajarima da daavala dakvirvebebis dauyovnebliv dawyeba. Tumca amave dros garemos dacvis
saministrom ekonomikis ganviTarebis
saministros arsebuli darRvevebis
Sesaxeb werilobiT acnoba, sadac miuTiTa, rom es darRvevebi, SesaZloa, xeobaSi bunebrivi katastrofis mizezic
gamxdariyo. am werilis safuZvelze
ekonomikis saministrom Sps `kasaras~
licenzia gauuqma.
`kasaras~ direqtorisTvis gadawyvetileba sruli moulodneloba iyo.
jarimis dawesebis da gadaxdis Semdeg
igi ar eloda, rom ori Tvis Tavze
licenziasac gauuqmebdnen, imis miuxedavad, rom saministrom mas Secdomebis gamosworebis droc misca. misi
SefasebiT, sami wlis ganmavlobaSi Sps
`kasaram~ sakmaod bevri ramis gakeTeba
moaswro: Seiswavla adgilis geologia,
dadga WaburRili da adgilze ZiriTadi aRWurviloba daamontaJa. maragis
odenobis Sefaseba mxolod am samuSaoebis Semdeg iyo SesaZlebeli.
soselia licenziaSi misTvis praqtikulad Seusrulebeli pirobebis Caweras saministros abralebs: `xels rom
vawerdi, kompetenturi ar viyavi, rom
mcodnoda, 2 weli sakmarisi ar iyo. es
licenziis gamcem specialistebs evalebaT~.
garemos dacvis saministroSi acxadeben, rom mewarmes sakmarisi dro hqonda,
vadebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis
Sesaxeb saministro gaefrTxilebina.
ase rom moqceuliyo, vadebis gadaweva
`albaT SesaZlebeli iqneboda~.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
2008 wlis Semodgomaze Sps `kasaram~
sasamarTloSi licenziis gauqmebis
brZaneba gaasaCivra da ekonomikis ganviTarebisa da garemos dacvis saministroebs daupirispirda.
Tumca, am droisTvis Trusos dasacavad wamowyebuli garemos damcvelebis kampania ukve sakmaod Zlieri iyo.
yvelaze metad kavkasiis garemosdacviTi organizaciebis qseli CENN aqtiurobda. organizaciis warmomadgenlis
TqmiT, 2008 wlis zafxulSi `[turistebma], romlebic xeobaSi iyvnen asulebi~, maT TxovniT mimarTes, rom bolo
dros xeobaSi travertinuli naleqebis
feris Secvlis mizezi gaerkviaT _ narinjisferi travertinebi axla alagalag gaSavebuliyo. Tavis mxriv, organizaciam 2008 wlis ivlisis dasawyisSi
garemos dacvis saministros mimarTa,
rom gaerkvia, ramdenadaa dakavSirebuli travertinebis feris Secvla WaburRilTan, da xom ar azianebs is garemos.
sakiTxis gasarkvevad garemos dacvis
saministrom specialuri komisiac Seqmna. komisiaSi Sevidnen saministros
TanamSromlebi (geologebi, biomravalferovnebis specialisti, iuristi),
sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo samecniero
da bunebis dacvis organizaciebi da
yazbegis regionSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenelic.
27 maiss komisiam Trusos xeoba daaTvaliera. WaburRilamde gzis 8-kilometriani monakveTi komisiis wevrebma
fexiT gaiares. ferdobebidan CamoSlili qvebi gzaze uxvad eyara, ris gamoc,
is manqanisTvis miuvali iyo. WaburRilamde mTel manZilze gzis gaswvriv
milsadenis Txrilebi iyo gakeTebuli,
da zogan Riad, zedapirze, zogan ki
miwaSi Cafluli milebi ido. TviTon
WaburRilTan airis mkveTri suni idga.
wyalTan erTad amosuli naxSirorJangi
airi wylisgan aqve mdebare rezervuarebSi gancalkevdeboda da momavalSi
milsadeniT TxuTmetiode kilometris
moSorebiT, kobTan asaSeneblad dagegmil qarxanaSi unda gadaqaCuliyo.
amJamad ki naxSirorJangi ubralod haerSi ifanteboda.
gzadagza komisiis wevrebma daaTvalieres travertinebis danaleqebi da
tba, romelsac, zedapirze mudmivad
amomavali gazebis gamo, buybuya tbas
uwodeben. travertinebi zogan marTlac muqi feris iyo. Tumca komisiis
wevrebis azriT, travertinebis gaSaveliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
ba WaburRilTan kavSirSi ar unda iyos.
maTi TqmiT, es bunebrivi movlenaa, danaleqis feri wylebis Semadgenlobasa
da mimarTulebazea damokidebuli da
ramdenime weliwadSi isev SeiZleba sapirispirod Seicvalos.
ase fiqrobs hidrogeologi nodar
cercvaZec: `WaburRils miwisqveSa wyaroebze aranairi uaryofiTi zegavlena
ar aqvs~. amitom licenziis SeCereba,
bunebis SesaZlo katastrofis sababiT,
misi azriT, sruliad usafuZvlo iyo.
mecnieris TqmiT, licenzia Tavidanve
ar unda gacemuliyo, magram radgan
ukve gaica, da mewarmem `amdeni Sroma
da fuli~ Cado, usamarTloa, am etapze
warmoebis SeCereba.
komisiis wevris paata WipaSvilis TqmiT, isini SeTanxmdnen, rom WaburRils
aqamde garemosTvis ziani ar miuyenebia
da praqtikulad arc momavalSi unda
miayenos. Tumca, amave dros, usafrTxoebis garantirebisTvis WaburRilze sistematiuri dakvirvebaa saWiro.
`TviTon WaburRili gakeTebulia idealurad da garemosTvis maqsimalurad
uvnebeli zonaa SerCeuli~, _ aRniSna
WipaSvilma.
misi TqmiT, komisiis erTaderTi
SeniSvna iyo sacavebis esTetikuri
Seusabamoba xeobis landSaftTan. am
ukanasknelis gamosworeba ki SesaZlebelia rezervuarebis garSemo qvis, xeobaSi soflis saxlebis magvari nagebobis aSenebiT.
xeobaSi mewarmeobas problema arc
turistuli kompaniebisTvis Seuqmnia.
turistuli kompania `kavkasus travelis~ gancxadebiT, SarSan mTeli zafxulis ganmavlobaSi Trusos xeobaSi
gasvlebi regularulad imarTeboda.
Tumca, kompaniis warmomadgenlis
TqmiT, am xelSeuxebeli bunebis SuagulSi WaburRilis danaxvam ucxoeli
turistebis gakvirvebac gamoiwvia.
wels ki, usafrTxoebis mizniT, kompania am marSrutis reklamirebasac ar
akeTebs, radgan xeoba samxreT oseTs
esazRvreba.
TviTon mewarme gia soselia aRniSnavs, rom is xeobis ekologias sifrTxiliT epyroba. `adgilobrivi mosaxleoba aravis miscems iq ramis gafuWebis
uflebas. isini did yuradRebas aqceven xeobas, radganac zafxulobiT saqoneli gadahyavT da iqaurobas saZovrebadac iyeneben~.
komisiis sxva wevri, hidrologi
giorgi sulikaSvili aRniSnavs, rom
Trusos xeobis istoria gamodgeba
imis sailustraciodac, rom qveyanas
xSirad uwevs arCevanis gakeTeba ekonomikur sargebelsa da bunebis dacvas
Soris. misi TqmiT, nebismieri WaburRilis gayvana iwvevs ekologiuri balansis darRvevas. `Tu bunebis dacvaze
gvaqvs aqcenti, maSin araa mizanSewonili aseTi licenziis gacema. meore mxarea, ekonomikurad is ramdenad gamarTlebulia. aq yvelaze kargia oqros
Sualedi moiZebnos~.
nodar cercvaZe acxadebs, rom Trusos xeoba idealuri adgilia turistuli da samonadireo biznesisTvis.
misi TqmiT, iqauroba gvWirdeba `erTi
saukunis merec, rom aviyvanoT xalxi
da vanaxoT `ai, aseTi iyo odesRac saqarTvelo~. bolo-bolo asec iqneba~, _
ambobs cercvaZe.
vin rodis SeZlebs Trusos xeobiT
Tavmowonebas, es nawilobriv garemos
dacvis saministros daculi teritoriebis saagentozecaa damokidebuli.
Tavis droze tbac da travertinebic
bunebis Zeglis statusiT, sabWoTa `wiTel wignSi~ iyo Setanili, magram sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg `wiTeli
wigni~ gauqmda da, Sesabamisad, am Zeglebma oficialuri statusi dakarga.
saagentos amJamad aRricxvaze mxolod
14 bunebis Zegli aqvs ayvanili. Tumca,
saagentos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis
laSa moiswrafiSvilis TqmiT, axlo
momavalSi dagegmilia bunebis Zeglebis xelaxali aRwera im obieqtebis CaTvliT, romlebic adre `wiTel wignSi~
iyo Setanili. es ki niSnavs imas, rom,
wesiT, Tavidan unda Seiswavlon da gansazRvron Trusos statusic. oficialuri statusis miniWebis SemTxvevaSi,
bunebis Zeglad aRiarebul Trusos
ukve kanoni daicavs da iq samewarmeo
saqmianoba kanoniT iqneba akrZaluli.
manamde ki Trusos xeobaSi ekologiuri situaciis Semowmebas Tavisi ZalebiT apirebs garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa qseli CENN.
`Cven axla velodebiT komisiis daskvnas. rogorc ki am daskvnas miviRebT,
daviqiravebT eqspertebs, romlebic
gadaamowmeben daskvnaSi mocemul argumentebs~, _ ganacxada CENN-is programebis menejerma kaxa baxtaZem. `vecdebiT, am saqmes bolomde gavyveT da
CavataroT damoukidebeli eqspertiza~. ase rom, komisiis daskvnis Semdeg
Trusos xeobis sakiTxi, savaraudod,
ganxilvis axal fazaSi gadava.
71
Tvalsazrisi
bunebis
Sedevrebis auqcioni
`TvalismomWrelad TeTri~ _ ase aRweres `wiTel wignSi~ Trusos
travertinuli mindvrebi, romelic dRes Savia >>
foto gogita buxaiZe
rezo geTiaSvili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
WaWuna
axiboxis `fanjara~, TekenTeris Wa,
sxvavis sayinule, daSbaSis kanioni,
Tovliani ufskruli, udabnos sveti,
namarxi tye, `bumberazTa qvafenili~,
qvakaca, quaqancalia, forfotebi,
xorxebi, moxetiale lodebi, Trusos
travertinebi...
`saqarTvelos ssr wiTeli wignis~
Sedgenisas bunebis es iSviaTobebi
gansakuTrebuli dacvis obieqtad
miiCnies. geografebis specialurma
jgufma ramdenime aseuli aseTi Zegli aRwera, `wiTeli wignis~ komisiam
aqedan 77 SearCia da daculi teritoriis statusi mianiWa. araorganuli
bunebis ZeglebSi mRvimeebi, lodebi,
bunebrivi svetebi, tbebi, CanCqerebi
da vokluzebi gaerTianda.
lafsusebi Zeglebis SerCevis procesSic gaipara. erT-erTi anotaciiT,
`xevsurTa sofel roSkaSi arsebuli
ori uzarmazari lodi miekuTvneba
msoflios udidesi (`moxetiale~) lodebis ricxvs. maTTan SedarebiT xevsurTa saxlebi saTamaSo xuxulebiviT
gamoiyureba. soflis zemoT ufro
didi lodebicaa~.
ratom miiCnies es ori lodi msoflioSi udides moxetiale qvebad,
72
roca soflis zemoT ufro didi lodebia da es `ufro didi lodebi~ ratom ar Sevida bunebis Zeglebis siaSi,
gaugebaria.
statusis gareSe darCa is Zeglebi,
romlebic `wiTeli wignis~ gamocemis
Semdeg aRmoaCines (magaliTad, yumisTavis mRvime _ 300 metri sigrZis
miwisqveSa tbiT).
Zeglebis parametrebidan gamomdinare, ar iyo dadgenili buferuli
zonebi. Sesabamisad, maT bunebriv garemos araferi icavda da mTeli esTetikuri Rirebuleba kanonierebis
farglebSi SeiZleboda dakarguliyo.
bevri Zegli sabWoTa periodSive ganadgurda. Zegls _ kanoni, kanons ki
aravin icavda. ase danawilda suvenirebad bunebis Zeglebi. ganadgurda
goderZis namarxi tye da is mRvimeebi,
sadac turistul marSrutebs naklebad organizebuli xasiaTi hqonda.
Zeglebis erTi nawili samecniero eqsperimentebsac Seewira. aTiode wlis win, saTafliis dinozavris
nakvalevis movlis mizniT, erT-erTma
saerTaSoriso fondma 9 aTasi dolari gamoyo. Zeglis garSemo cementis
jebiri gakeTda, ferdobze Camosuli
wyali SemoRobilSi Cadga, gaiyina da
nakvalevma skdoma daiwyo. jebiri moangries, magram nafexurebi mniSvnelovnad dazianda.
`garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis amoqmedebidan Zaladakargulad CaiTvala saqarTvelos
ssr kanoni `bunebis dacvis Sesaxeb~
da mis safuZvelze miRebuli normatiuli aqtebi. araorganuli bunebis
Zeglebic statusis gareSe darCa.
magaliTad, zRvis fskerze mimdinare intensiuri miwisZvrebis, vulkanebis, wyalqveSa mewyrebisa da sxva
dinamikuri procesebis Sedegad warmoSobili metexis kldis erTi nawili
samSeneblo kompaniam moasufTava da
daabetona.
erT-erTi gamorCeuli sanaxaoba,
rac saqarTvelos liberalur politikas emsxverpla, Trusos travertinebia. aRmavali wneviani wylebidan
daleqili mineralebis gansakuTrebuli silamazisa da unikalurobis miuxedavad, xeobaSi wiaRiT sargeblobis
licenzia gaica. WaburRilis mowyobis
Semdeg Trusos TeTr-narinjisferi
landSafti gaSavda. geologebis nawilis TqmiT, Tu WaburRili wyaroebis
cirkulaciis zonaSia, travertinebis
gaSavebis mizezi sxvagan aRar unda veZioT.
wiaRis mecnieruli, istoriuli, esTetikuri an sxva kulturuli mniSvnelobis mqone ubnebis dacvas gansazRvravs debuleba `sasargeblo
wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziis
gacemis wesisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb~.
debulebis me-40 muxlis mixedviT,
`wiaRis ubnebs, romelTac mecnieruli, istoriuli, esTetikuri an sxva
kulturuli Rirebuleba aqvT, SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT daculi teritoriebis Sesabamisi kategoria~. Trusos
travertinebs es statusi 1965 wlis 3
dekembers mieniWaT.
salicenzio obieqtis gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis Sesaxeb xelisuflebas `wiTeli wignidanac~ unda
scodnoda: `travertinuli mindvrebi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto gogita buxaiZe
_ TiTqos moqarguli zedapiriT... gamWvirvale wyali Txel fenad efineba
am TvalismomWrelad TeTr zedapirs
da aCens uamrav mokamkame pawia gubes.
midixarT travertinebze da fexi TiTqmis ar gisveldebaT~... _ imis dasadgenad, Tu ratom daaxasiaTes Trusos
Sav-TeTri travertinebi, rogorc
`TvalismomWrelad TeTri~, `wiTeli
wignis~ erT-erT avtors davukavSirdiT. geografiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, koba xaraZis gancxadebiT,
`SeuZlebelia, travertinebi bunebrivad, miT umetes, sezonurad gaSavdes.
Truso araerTxel minaxavs da gadamiRia. Savi travertinebi arasdros yofila da SeuZlebelia, yofiliyo, radgan maTi formireba kir-tufebisgan
xdeba, es ki, bunebrivad TeTria~. Tumca, `wiTeli wignis~ maRalmxatvruli
teqstebi axla mxolod ironias iwvevs.
miT ufro, rom WaburRilebis Sedegad travertinebis dazianeba advilad
prognozirebadi iyo.
rogorc dokumentaciis analiziT
irkveva, TrusoSi licenziis gacemis
procesSi specialistebic monawileobdnen. daculi teritoriebis departamentma Tavdapirvelad uaryofiTi
daskvnac gasca, Tumca mogvianebiT
sakiTxi `ufro maRal doneze~ gadawyda.
logika, romliTac garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis maSindeli
ministri licenziis gacemaze daTanxmda, aseTi iyo: sabWoTa bunebis Zegli
damoukidebel saqarTveloSi gauqmebulad unda CaTvliliyo, investicia
ki samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas da Semosavlebis gazrdas uzrunvelyofda.
warmodgenili biznes-gegmiT, Wabur-
Rilebidan biujetSi yovelwliurad
800 000 lari unda Sesuliyo, rasac
daemateboda yazbegis raionis ganviTarebis fondSi yovelwliurad Setanili 440 000 lari _ `xeobis movlisa
da raionSi socialur-ekonomikuri
proeqtebis ganxorcielebisTvis~.
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis
departamentma uaryofiTi daskvnis
Sesacvlelad absurduli argumenti
gamoiyena. departamentis Tavmjdomaris mier xelmowerili aqtiT, `Trusos xeobaSi warmodgenili mineraluri wylebis sabadoebi ar mdebareoben
yazbegis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritoriaze. departamenti Tanaxmaa wiaRiT sargeblobis licenziis gacemaze~.
sinamdvileSi, departamentis Tavdapirveli uaryofiTi daskvnis safuZvels, yazbegis erovnuli nakrZali
ki ara, araorganuli bunebis Zeglis
statusi warmoadgenda.
saqarTvelos kanoni wiaRis Sesaxeb
ara marto dadgenili bunebis Zeglebis dacvas, aramed axlad aRmoCenili
da Seuswavleli Zeglebis dacvasac
gulisxmobs. kanoni krZalavs daculi teritoriis farglebSi nebismier
saqmianobas, romelic ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli dacvis reJimiT. wiaRiT
sargeblobisas aseTi obieqtis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi ki, wiaRiT mosargeble valdebulia, `SeaCeros samuSaoebi da acnobos saministros~.
aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom, Zaladakarguli
samarTleblivi aqti ki ara, moqmedi
kanonmdebloba daarRvia. Sesabamisad,
garemoze miyenebuli zianis dadgenis
SemTxvevaSi, pasuxismgebloba, licenziis mimRebis garda, gamcemzec unda
gadanawildes.
dokumentaciis analizi sxva kanondarRvevebsac aaSkaravebs. wiaRis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT, licenziis
gacemamde geologiur informacias
wiaRis saxelmwifo eqspertiza unda
gaevlo. Tumca arsebobda gamonaklisic _ mcire masStabis saqmianobisTvis,
maT Soris, dRe-RameSi 20 metr/kubamde miwisqveSa wylebis mopovebisTvis.
investormac biznes-gegma kanons
moargo da saproeqto simZlavred 18
metr/kubi gansazRvra. Tumca, iqve
miuTiTa, rom maragebi daTvlili ar
iyo da wiaRis mopoveba-gadamuSaveba
misi Seswavlis Semdeg igegmeboda. saministroSic aravis gasCenia kiTxva,
saidan moitanes 18 metr/kubi simZlavre, Tuki maragebi damtkicebuli ar
iyo. bunebrivia, biznes-gegmaSi es cifri mxolod saxelmwifo eqspertizis,
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis, gadawyvetilebis procesSi sazogadoebis CarTvisa da sxva procedurebis
gverdis avlisTvis Caido. realurad
ramdeni metr/kubi wyali iRvreboda
WaburRilidan da ra SesabamisobaSi
iyo salicenzio pirobebTan, amiT arc
garemos dacvis inspeqcia dainteresebula.
2005 wels Sps `kasaraze~ gacemuli
25-wliani licenzia gasul wels gauqmda. Tumca, rogorc ityvian, mosaxdeni ukve moxda: travertinebis gaSavebis Semdeg saqarTvelos erT-erTma
yvelaze datvirTulma turistulma
marSrutma Tavisi xibli dakarga da
garemoSi
Seuqcevadi
procesebi
daiwyo.
dalis wyalsacavi
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
73
kritika sakontrolo gasrola
qarvaslaSi, Tanamedrove xelovnebis
klubis gamofenaze gairkva, rom
saqarTvelo maradiuli patarZalia,
romelic mudam amao molodinSia, mSvidad
Zili da saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba
ki _ sinonimebi naTia guliaSvili
ironia gamWolia da orives Tanabrad
gasdevs _ proeqtis saTaursac (`iZine
mSvidad, Sen saqarTvelos moqalaqe
xar~) da uSualod proeqtis farglebSi mowyobil gamofenasac (Stop waiting
Georgia, Sewyvite lodini).
ironia erTgvari daskvniTi emociaa,
rac 9 artists gamofenis koncefciaze
TiTqmis erTwliani fiqris Semdeg darCa da risi gadmocemac fotos, videos,
teqstilze ilustraciis da kidev sxva
saSualebebiT scades.
gamofenis koncefciad ki SarSandeli agvistos omi da sazogadoebis
postomiseuli mdgomareobis Cveneba
aarCies, anu nihilizmis, stresis da
CaZinebuli realobis, romelSic ganvlili omis gaanalizebas sazogadoeba
ar Cqarobs da verc sasowarkveTis daZlevas axerxebs.
Stop waiting Georgia omis Tematikis
mqone pirveli gamofena araa. jer kidev SarSan noemberSi, imave qarvaslaSi
`artisteriumis~ gamofenaze bevri namuSevari saomari TematikiT iyo STagonebuli. Tumca amjerad saintereso
iyo omidan erTi wlis Tavze, ufro
didi drois distanciidan Temis axali
aqcentebiT win wamoweva.
centraluri namuSevari, saidanac
Semdeg gamofenis saxelwodebac wamovida, iyo sofio CerqeziSvilis foto
_ Stop waiting Georgia, anu `Sewyvite lodini~. farTo formatis fotoze gamosaxuli patarZali zRvis napiras zis da
sivrces gahyurebs. minaweri teqsti ki
aseTia _ `horizonti hgavs Cvens cxovrebas, is mudmiv molodinSia. aRar
aris dro, rom iyo marto patarZali~.
am xerxiT Seaxsena avtorma sazogadoebas, rom misi mTavari problema
pasiurad momlodine maradiuli patarZlis rolSi yofnaa, visTvisac molodinis procesi dausruleblad gr74
Zeldeba, amasobaSi ki, Tvalsa da xels
Sua ekargeba awmyoc da momavalic.
usasrulo da ganmeorebiTi moqmedebebis xazs agrZelebda videonamuSevrebic.
„Cemi patara jariskaci“ erTi kadris
mudmivi ganmeoreba iyo, sadac adamiani
xelebiT miwas sress, paralelurad ki
teqsti mogviwodebs: `Seiyvare Seni miwa
da Sen iqnebi yvelaze Zlieri. SeigrZeni surneli da mixvdebi, rom aq aris
Seni warsuli, awmyoc da momavalic~.
sityvebis paTetikurobaSi ironiis daWera rTulia, radgan ar Cans avtoris
mxridan amis gamokveTili survili,
Tumca gamofenis saerTo konteqstidan
gamomdinare, ironiis arseboba logikuri iqneboda.
maka batiaSvilis „60 wami Jangbadis
gareSe“ _ aq mTavari gmiri gogona or
moqmedebas imeorebs, xan wyalSi iZireba, xan zedapirze amodis da CaisunTqavs. CayvinTva aq uhaerobis, sulis
SexuTvis imitaciaa, zedapirze amosvla da sityvebi „Sen gadarCebi yvela
situaciidan“ ki _ is, risi gagonebac
kritikul momentSi surs gogonas.
warmodgenili namuSevrebis fonze,
masalis da gadawyvetis originalurobiT efeqturi aRmoCnda maka batiaSvilis meore namuSevari - skulptura
`Citi~. masala, romlidanac avtorma
„Citi“ Seqmna, goris TeatrSi agvistos dReebSi Camogdebuli bombia.
`fermweri var, magram ar mindoda, es
raRac tiloze gamomesaxa. mindoda,
uSualod, materialurad mqonoda am
saSinelebasTan Sexeba. roca es bombi
Camomitanes, didxans medo, vuyurebdi
da bolos davinaxe, rom aqedan Citi
gamovidoda“, _ ambobs maka batiaSvili.
Citi, rogorc didi metamorfoza, borotebisa da sikvdilis gardaqmna Tavisuflebad.
sagamofeno sivrcis TiTqmis erTi
kedeli mxatvar nino biniaSvilis namuSevars ekava. `mefeman brZana~ – teqstilze warmodgenili siuJetia. ilustraciebi eskizuri tipis personaJebiT
da teqsti igavuri motivebiT, saerTo
jamSi, qmnis omis absurdul suraTs,
sadac gamarjvebuli aravin rCeba”.
personaJi №300 `gmirebs da goliaTebs ebrZvis. metoqeebs saWurvelma
ver uSvela da mokvdnen, mayurebeli ki
gaiZaxoda: RmerTi gvwyalobso!~
es omis niuansebia, agresia, dapyroba da cru `bednieri~ dasasruli. isev
miniSneba sazogadoebaze, romelic gamudmebiT da yovelTvis amaod eZebs
gamarjvebuls da damarcxebuls, mis
am Zebnas ki aseve mudmivad gasdevs infantiluri, zogjer eqstremistuli
religiuri foni.
gamofenaze bednieri dasasrulis
erTgvar mcdelobas oleg timCenkos
namuSevari `cekva~ asrulebda, cekva,
rogorc TiTqos omis antonimi da optimizmis saSualeba.
Tumca, timCenkos `cekvaSi~, iseve, rogorc mTel am gamofenaSi, optimizmi
mkacrad mozomili iyo. efeqturad da
mravalferovnad gamoxatuli ironia
mayurebels tyuili imediT Tavis gabruebis Sanss ar utovebda da Seicavda
erTgvar miniSnebasac: sazogadoebamac
aucileblad unda mozomos misTvis saWiro optimizmis optimaluri raodenoba, mSvidi Zilis maradiul mdgomareobaSi rom ar darCes. igive unda gaakeTos
xelovanmac imitom, rom misi xelovneba,
axali realobis Semqmneli Tu ara, efeqturi reaqcia mainc iyos sxvebis mier
Seqmnil realobebze; da rogorc erTerTma damTvalierebelma Tqva, ar iqces
mxolod „gvamisTvis sakontrolo srolad~, anu _ xelovnebisTvis, romelic
didi xnis win mokvda.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
wignebi cinikuri sibrZne
malxaz xarbedia
melanqoliam
SeiZleba
sistemis
srul efemerizaciamde da nebismieri
socialuri institutis uaryofamde
migviyvanos, da es iqneba saukeTeso gamosavali Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi.
besik xaranauls aqvs aseTi striqonebi: `rac moiwyine, mas Tavidan veRar
moiwyen da axali mosawyeni unda eZio,
erT mowyenaSi orjer ver Sexval...~.
200-ze meti wlis win kidev erTma besikma dawera: `sevdis baRs Sevel SenaRonebi: mokrefad msurda vardis konebi~.
aseTi magaliTebis moyvana qarTuli
sityvierebidan usasrulod SeiZleba,
rac jeki bouringis ideas adasturebs
imis Taobaze, rom sevda yvela enaze
srulyofilad gamoixateba da misTvis aRmosavleT-dasavleTisa Tu sxva
kulturuli cnebebi sulerTia.
sevda, melanqolia universaluri
movlenaa. yvela erTia, franguli ennui da germanuli Weltschmerz, Cinelebis bei qiu da iaponelTa kanashii, portugaliuri saudade da rusuli тоска,
espanuri duende da Turquli hüzün.
qarTul enaSic mravalnairad gamoixateba melanqolia: mowyeniloba,
Wmunva, naRveli, sevda... cota sxva
rames niSnavs dardi da mwuxareba,
aseve javri, uguneboba, daRrejiloba, urva da daRoneba, Tumca es
sityvebi mainc melanqoliis im did
sityvier wreSi Tavsdeba, romelic
adamianis fsiqikur mdgomareobasac
gamoxatavs da kulturulsac.
Tanamedrove fsiqiatrebi am movlenas paTologiur danakliss (abnormal bereavement) uwodeben, an
fsiqotur depresias (psychotic depression), da es cnebebi, jeki bouringis
azriT, Zalian mouqnelia imisTvis,
raTa `adamianuri arsebobis umdidresi ganzomileba~ gamoxatos da
marTlac, SeuZlebelia, am orma muSa
terminma Tundac erTi waxnagi moicvas im nayofieri mdgomareobisa,
romelsac sevda hqvia. jeki bouringi
melanqoliis namdvili advokatia. igi
uars ambobs am simdidris medikalizaciaze da mkveTrad acalkevebs mas
depresiisgan. igi ar iTvaliswinebs
melanqoliisa da glovis froidiliberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
seul opozicias, sadac melanqolia
gaigeboda, rogorc raRac statikuri mdgomareoba, romelic nebismieri ganviTarebis blokirebas axdenda. piriqiT, melanqolia am wignSi
kreativs utoldeba, igi STagonebis
wyaroa, winsvlis sawindari. avtori,
romelic ukve ramdenime welia, baRebze, peizaJis arqiteqturaze da mogonebaTa surnelebze wers, `melanqolias~ CauRrmavda da mTeli wigni
dawera am sulier mdgomareobaze.
aqamde, roca saubari melanqoliaze
Camovardeboda, yvela, rogorc wesi,
XVII saukunis erTi bejiTi ingliselis, robert bartonis gigantur naSroms, 1500-gverdian The Anatomy of
Melancholy-s ixsenebda xolme. axla ki
ukve 240-gverdiani, lakonuri, moqnili da Tanamedrove kvleva gvaqvs,
sadac, pliniusis gaqanebis mqone swavlulis nacvlad, axalgazrda mecnieri gvesaubreba Tanamedroveobaze.
bevrs SeiZleba gaukvirdes, ram ganapiroba Cemi es arCevani. raRa maincdamainc melanqoliis kvleviT daviwye wignebze wera `liberalSi~? Cemi
azriT, dRes swored melanqoliis
deficiti igrZnoba Cven mediateroristul qveyanaSi. dRes, roca erTi
mxriv sworxazovneba da rkinis mizanmimarTuleba mefobs, meore mxares ki
depresiiTa da SiSiT dauZlurebuli
adamianebi dganan, melanqolia erTerT yvelaze naTel mdgomareobad
rCeba, romelic Seanelebda drois
msvlelobas da mogvcemda sagnebSi
SeRwevis saSualebas. sevda axalisebs
warmosaxvas da sxva kuTxiT gvanaxebs
yvelafers, rac garSemo xdeba, igi
istoriasac axleburad gvakiTxebs.
flobers uTqvams Tavis `salamboze~: `cota vinme Tu xvdeba, ramxela sevda damWirda, raTa karTageni
aRmedgina~-o. mis garda, kidev Zalian bevri xelovani SeiZleba CamovTvaloT, vinc Wmunvas iyo da aris
ayolili. kinoSi antonioni, bergmani
da tarkovski, mxatvrobaSi eduard
hoperi da gerhard rixteri. Tanamedrove musikaSi, ra Tqma unda, tom
ueitsi da nik qeivi arian Camomsxda-
Field Guide to Melancholy by Jacky Bowring
melanqoliis gzamkvlevi jeki bouringi
ri `wylisa pirsa~, klasikur musikaSi
hildegard fon bingeni, erik sati,
olivie mesiani da, mesianisve gavleniT, dasevdianebuli xenrik gurecki
(modiT, barem gia yanCelic mivakuTvnoT am melanqolikebs, mere ra, rom
stravinskidan moedineba) da mr. sxv...
melanqolia Zalze mravalsaxovania,
arsebobs religiuri, erotiuli,
nostalgiis melanqolia, anda sulac
`heroikuli melanqolia~, ris saukeTeso Tanamedrove nimuSadac jeki
bouringi betmens miiCnevs.
me rom mkiTxos kacma, melanqolia
mTlianad momavalzea mimarTuli,
miuxedavad imisa, rom fsiqologebi
warsulis verdaZlevas ukavSireben
am paToss. CemTvis igi winaaRmdegobaa, uaryofa, gnebavT politikuri
brZolis erT-erTi saSualeba (gaixseneT valter beniaminis `memarcxene
melanqolia~). melanqolia xSirad cinikuri sibrZnea, uZalo adamianTa
mTavari iaraRi, romelmac SeiZleba
sistemis srul efemerizaciamde da
nebismieri socialuri institutis
uaryofamde migviyvanos, da es iqneba
saukeTeso gamosavali Tanamedrove
saqarTveloSi, saukeTeso pasuxi xelisuflebis im efemerul daTmobebze, komisiebsa da gamoZiebebze,
romliTac savsea qarTuli satelevizio media. yvelafer amas, isev yovliswamlekavi cinikuri melanqolia
mirCevnia.
75
interviu
`ucodveli
demokratiis~
dasasruli
olesia varTaniani
linkoln mitCeli kolumbiis universitetis asistentprofesori, 2002-2004 wlebSi nacionaluri demokratiuli
institutis (NDI)-is direqtori
liberali ras gulisxmobT?
saqarTvelos mimarT msoflios
keTilganwyoba mis demokratiulobaze
iyo dafuZnebuli. axla am sakiTxSi cvlilebebia. aqtualuri gaxda
kiTxvebi, romlebsac adre aravin
svamda. umaRles doneze ara, magram
arian vaSingtonSi SedarebiT dabalrangiani adamianebi, romelTa saxelebs gazeTebSi ver amoikiTxavT. aseTma
adamianebma swored am kiTxvebis dasma
daiwyes.
liberali amboben, rom amerikis mxridan
saqarTvelosTvis politikur da finansur mxardaWeras saakaSvilsa da buSs
Soris piradi urTierToba ganapirobebda. rogor fiqrobT, obamasTan Tu
SeZlebs saakaSvili msgavsi urTierTobis damyarebas?
obama buSisgan Zalian gansxvavebuli
adamiania. is saerTod ar icnobs saakaSvils da Zneli warmosadgenia, rom
iseTive karg urTierTobas daamyarebs
masTan, rogorc buSi.
liberali obamas garemocvaSi arian adamianebi, romlebTanac SesaZlebelia,
rom saakaSvilma personaluri urTierTobebis damyareba moaxerxos?
arian pirebi, romlebic piradi mosa-
76
zrebebiT mxars uWeren saqarTvelos.
isini ar arian iseTi enTuziastebi,
rogorc buSi da makeini, magram mainc.
vfiqrob, saxelmwifo mdivani miSas
megobaria da, aseve, vice-prezidentic.
magram, mimaCnia, rom am administraciis warmomadgenlebisgan naklebad
gaigonebT iseT rames, rac Tavs kargad
gagrZnobinebT, magaliTad, _ `Cven
gvinda saqarTvelo nato-s wevri gaxdes~. Tumca, aqve unda iTqvas, saerTo
mxardaWera Tqveni qveynis mimarT
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Seicvleba, Tu
amerikis sagareo politikur interesebSi mniSvnelovani cvlileba iqneba.
liberali ra gavlena SeiZleba iqonios
ruseT-amerikis urTierTobebis `gadatvirTvam~ saqarTvelosadmi mxardaWeraze?
ruseTi ar aris amerikis sagareo
politikis udidesi prioriteti.
amave dros ar vfiqrob, rom rame
mniSvnelovani cvlileba moxdes maT
urTierTobaSi. `gadatvirTvis~ Rilaks isev imisTvis gamoiyeneben, rom
Zveli politika ganagrZon, mxolod
ufro Tanmimdevrulad da frTxilad.
saqarTvelos sakiTxi ruseTsa da
amerikas Soris uTanxmoebis mizezad
rCeba. arsebobs SiSi, rom SeerTebuli
Statebi, iranisa da CrdiloeT koreis
sakiTxebis sanacvlod, saqarTvelos
daTmobs. ar mgonia, rom amis seriozuli safrTxe iyos. vfiqrob, amerika
evropasTan urTierTobebis gaumjobesebas apirebs. SeerTebuli Statebi
ecdeba, ufro aqtiurad CarTos evropelebi saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynebis saqmeebSi.
liberali agvistos omis Semdeg saqarTvelos yvelaze didi finansuri daxmareba SeerTebulma Statebma gauwia.
amboben, es imisTvis gakeTda, rom sa-
akaSvili xelisuflebaSi darCeniliyo.
ar vici, iyo Tu ara es motivacia,
magram namdvilad ase gamovida.
liberali bolo sami Tvea, opoziciis
mTavari moTxovna saakaSvilis gadadgomaa. rogor uyureben am saprotesto aqciebs vaSingtonidan?
fiqroben, rom xelisufleba kargs
Svreba, Tavs rom ikavebs. saerTod, es
ar aris Zalian aqtualuri Tema vaSingtonSi. did qveyanaSi demonstraciebs ar aRiqvamen did problemad.
vfiqrob, es aqciebi prezidentisTvis
sasargeblocaa. aravin akvirdeba
detalebs, Tu vis scema policiam, da
scema Tu ara saerTod. aseTi saprotesto aqciebi Soridan ise aRiqmeba,
rogorc demokratiis gamtkicebis
maCvenebeli.
liberali qarTveli politikosebi
xSirad ganixilaven rusuli fulis
arsebobas opoziciaSi.
aseT rameebze an Cumad unda iyo, an
rame unda moimoqmedo. ar SeiZleba
mxolod braldebebisa da varaudebis
gamoTqma. Tu marTlac ase finansdebian, unda aRZra saqme, unda gaxado
procesi gamWvirvale da cixeSi unda
Casva, Tanac didi xniT. sxvagvarad, es
varaudebi mTlianad sakiTxis damajereblobas akninebs da demokratiuli
opoziciis warmoqmnas uSlis xels.
liberali fiqrobT, saakaSvili darCeba
xelisuflebaSi Tavisi vadis gasvlamde?
vfiqrob, mas SeuZlia posti SeinarCunos 2013-mde. saakaSvilma Tavisi
qveynisTvis bevri ram gaakeTa.
sakiTxavi axla is aris, ra iqneba misi
wasvlis Semdeg. vfiqrob, istoriis
axali Tavi swored maSin unda
daiwyos.
liberali · ivlisi #4 · 2009
foto levan xerxeuliZe
liberali rogor Seicvala saqarTvelos
mimarT ganwyoba vaSingtonSi agvistos
omis Semdeg?
buSis administraciis dros saqarTvelo im adgilad iqca, sadac
Cveni Zalisa da mxardaWeris Cveneba
gvindoda. saerTo suraTi isev igivea
da saqarTvelo axlac iseT qveynad
migvaCnia, romelsac mxars vuWerT
da romelic mniSvnelovania ruseTTan
mimarTebaSi. magram Seicvala midgoma,
TiTqos saqarTvelo erTi `patara,
ucodveli demokratiaa~.