TANNING BEDS

Breast Cancer
FACTs, MYTH s,
and CHOICEs
INDEX
RESEARCH PARTNERS
Tanning beds...................................1
Is my skin aging?.............................5
COMMUNITY PARTNERS
Coffee Talks..................................6
Crossword puzzle...........................7
UV rays and Skin............................9
Butterfly pasta and kale recipe....10
Nutrient Density............................11
SunGuard Man..............................12
Yoga Pose......................................13
Ribbon stained glass pattern......15
Just 4 fun.......................................17
Contacts
hosm@uc.edu
askdrmeiho@gmail.com
Breast cancer: Windows of Susceptibility.
NIH grant 1U01ES019480
tracie@pinkribbongirls.org
PINK RIBBON GIRLS
our MISSION
TO PREVENT the
occurrence of BCa
through
RESEARCH and
EDUCATION
TO ENCOURAGE
and SUPPORT BCa
survivors, friends
and families.
June 2013 Issue 31
TANNING BEDS
When reading any editorial opinions or
contemplating change in lifestyle, like moving toward
healthful living, always consider that what we know
today will be changed in due time. The surface has
only been scratched and what we think is true today,
won't be for very long. Case in point: The current
view of UV, sunshine in general, vitamin D, optimal
health, and benefits of outdoor living, is hugely
different than it was even a few years ago. The
readily available information on tans and tanning
beds, risks of UV exposure changes frequently.
Some reasonably up-to-date data follow:
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
UV (all forms) is electromagnetic radiation from
stars, which is either visible to humans, or invisible,
depending upon wavelength (measured in nm of the
spectrum), Radiation from "our" star which reaches
earth and is not absorbed by our atmosphere is
vitally important for life and also deleterious. The
longest wavelength UV (UVA) is not visible to
humans; the former currently divided into two
componenets, UVA1 and UVA2. There is also UVB,
UVC, far UV and vacuum UV. As long as the ozone
layer is intact, only small amounts of UVC penetrate
our atmosphere, and far UV and vaccum UV do not
penetrate to earth at this time.
UVA does penetrate our atmosphere and reaches
skin, (and also the cornea of the eye), where it
penetrates to the level of the dermis (Figure pg 9 ).
UVB penetrates the atmosphere, reaches the skin
but penetrates to about the basal layer of cells in the
epidermis. (Figure pg 9 ). UVA and UVB play an
important role in premature aging of the skin, and
formation of cataracts in the eye, and three or more
types of skin cancers. These facts are largely
recognized, but less well understood is that UV can
suppress the immune system. There are many
immune cell types in the epidermis, especially near
the basal layer where both UVA and UVB can reach
pass) and in demis where UVA passes. Lowering
immune capability makes fighting off maladies more
difficult.
1
RESEARCH PARTNERS
UVA, UVB and and Skin Cancer
UV causes damage to cellular DNA (UVA causes DNA strand breaks; UVB causes DNA dimer
formation). Excessive UV radiation produces genetic mutations that can lead to skin cancer. The
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the World Health Organization consider UV
radiation to be carcinogenic to humans and the main cause of basal cell carcinoma and
squamous cell carcinoma affecting more than a million Americans each year. UV, particularly
artificial UV from a tanning bed, plays a key role in melanoma for more than 8,000 Americans
each year.
UVA
About 95% of the UV which reaches earth and to which we are exposed to is UVA. UVA is less
intense radiation (longer wavelength) but more abundant and more penetrating thus we are
exposed to large amounts of UVA. UVA rays are present with relatively equal intensity during
all daylight hours throughout the year, and can penetrate clouds and glass.
UVA penetrates the skin deeper than UVB and has been known since prehistory tolong been
known to contribute to aging and wrinkling of skin (i.e. the protective middle-eastern clothing tells
this story). Only recently have data surfaced that UVA also causes significant damage in areas of
the epidermis, right along with UVB. Basal and squamous cells are types of keratinocytes which
after UV damage may initiate the development of skin cancers.
UVA is also the dominant tanning ray, with the stimulation of melanocytes to make more
protective melanin granules which gives
skin its darker appearance. Tanning,
Basal cell carcinoma: An estimated 2.8 million cases
whether outdoors with natural UVA or in
of
basal cell carcinoma (not usually a metastasizing
a tanning salon, causes damage to
cancer)(can
be flatand shinny) every year.
acccumulative over time. Tanning is
basically the skins acknowlegment that it
Squamous cell carcinoma: 700,000 new cases of
has been injured, an attempt to prevent
squamous cell carcinoma each year, 2,500 deaths
further DNA damage to the resident
(these cancers are lumpy and crusty and elevated)
cells. During repair of DNA damage,
errors may occur (mutations) which can
Melanoma: Melanomas can be pink, purple, black,
lead to skin cancer. In addition to DNA
brown, blue and can be amelanotic as well and are
damage, there is also damage to the
responsible for 120,000 new cases each year and
elastin, collagen, and the dermal and
8,700 deaths.
epidermal immune cells.
Tanning booths primarily emit UVA using
high-pressure sunlamps emitting 10-12
times more UVA to your skin than the sun. (ed. google, "tanning without burning in a tanning bed"
and you will find that indeed, skin types differ in their response to the tanning lamps, and even a
short exposure to a tanning lamp can give some individuals a burn. The community responses to
google posts exposes a low level of knowledge about UV radiation in general. Not surprisingly,
people who use tanning salons are 2.5 times more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma,
and 1.5 times more likely to develop basal cell carcinoma.
http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/sunburn/facts-aboutsunburn-and-skin-cancer
2
RESEARCH PARTNERS
Age at first exposure to tanning beds in youth increases melanoma risk by 75 percent. Risk of
melanoma is double with 5 or more sunburns.
UVB, causes reddening and sunburn damage the superficial layers of skin, and risk for skin
cancer as well as tanning and premature aging of the skin. The atmosphere, tilt of the earth and
time of day change the amount of UVB that reaches us. UVB is highest in the northern
hemisphere: 10 AM and 4 PM; April to October; at high altitudes, and off reflective surfaces (water
snow ice). 80 percent of the reflected UVB rays hit the skin more than once. Glass is fairly
protective for UVB.
Measures for UV protection
Work and play in shaded outdoor sites, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM.
Add window tinting your car's side and rear windows and to house and business.
Dress to limit UV exposure: (A shirt with an UPF of 30, for example, means that just 1/30th
of the sun's UV radiation can reach the skin). For instance, bright- or dark-colored, lustrous
clothes reflect more UV radiation than light colors; and tightly woven, loose-fitting clothes provide
more of a barrier between your skin and the sun.
Wear broad-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses.
Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and UV Radiation
SPF indicates how long it will take for UVB rays to redden skin when using a product vs to how
long it would take for skin redden skin without the product. E.g. SPF 15 application allows one to
stay 15 times longer in the sun without reddening than without the product SPF 15 sunscreen
screens 93 percent of the sun's UVB rays; SPF 30 screens 97 percent; SPF 50, screens 98
percent.
Sunscreen Ingredients
Adequate protection must reduce both UVA and UVB, requiring broad UV protection and an SPF
of 15 or higher. Because there is no scientific consensus on how much protection is necessary
these terms may not be entirely meaningful.
The USDA has approved 17 active ingredients for use in sunscreens. Sunscreens are chemicals
which absorb UV before it gets to epidermis or dermis; most sunblocks act to physically reflect UV
rays. In all, they form a thin, protective film on the surface of the skin and absorb or reflect the UV
radiation before it penetrates the skin. Most sunscreens contain chemical and physical agents.
3
RESEARCH PARTNERS
FDA-Approved sunscreens
Absorbers and reflectors*
Active ingredient
UV nm-range blocked
4-Aminobenzoic acid a (PABA)
Avobenzone
Cinoxate
Dioxybenzone
Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX)
Ensulizole (PSA)
Homosalate
Merdimate (Menthyl anthranailate)
Octocrylene
Octinoxate
Octisalate (octyl salicylate)
Sulisbenzone
Trolamine salicylate
UVB
UVA1
UVB
UVA2
UVA2
UVB
UVB
UVA2
UVB
UVB
UVB
UVA2
UVB
Physical barriers
UVB, UVA2
TItanium dioxide
UVB, UVA1, UVA2
Zinc oxide
wear a hat and sunglasses and dark
clothes to protect your skin and eyes
* There are possible reactions to all these chemicals,
though overall hazards appear to be low
Portions excerpted from http://www.sunguardman.org/tanning.php
The fashion industry propelled us into the unhealthy practice of wanting to be tan. In the 1920’s
Coco Channel's models had tanned skin (a sign of affluence and leisure on the Riviera?) affirmed
subsequently by Hollywood's (our US Riviera on the Pacific) affirmation in movies.
Tanning is a protective response to a harmful environment. The pigment-producing melanocytes in
the basal epidermis increase their production of melanin granules (pigment) darkening the skin.
UVA, UVB, and UVC all cause different repair reactions in skin.
Both the sun's rays and artificial UV (tanning bed) cause this damage (darkening, loss of elasticity,
wrinkling, freckling, burning, squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas) in skin.
The amount of UV radiation from tanning beds (both UV-A and UV-B) can be 15 times stronger
than from the sun. View your tan as a warning.
Naturally occuring high melanin content in skin provides some natural protection from UV, as
would have been beneficial in near equatorial zones.
Damage to skin from UV is more apt to increase cancer risk and damage when exposure occurs in
childhood.
* The World Health Organization recommends that no person under the age of 18 should
use a tanning bed.
* The International Agency for Research on Cancer has concluded that there is a clear
increase in melanoma risk associated with the use of tanning beds during the teens and
twenties.
4
RESEARCH PARTNERS
QUESTION: How do I know
whether my skin is aging?
ANSWER
It is an easy test to conduct. Find an area of
your skin which never "sees" the sun. Look at the texture and color,
number of smallrough areas (which can be hyperkeratosis or small
papillomas) and also the light and dark areas of pigmentation.
Then compare with areas of the forehead or the backs of the
hands, which "see" UV all day long.
SOLUTION:
If you don't mind using sunblock, which is
seemingly the least toxic and does the best job of blocking all UV (broad
spectrum), then this solution is probably best. Combine this with
covering your body with lightweight cloths (dark colors absorb UV
bettern than light colors (which do more reflecting) to gain more
protection.
Sunscreens (with the benz-compounds need to be researched carefully
as some have ill-effects, while others are less apt to cause other
consequences. In addition to absorbing and reflecting UV rays, these
differ in their ability to avoid breakdown, some last longer than an hour,
others need to be frequently re-applied.
WIKIPEDIA: "Some sunscreens only protect against UVB radiation, and not
against the more dangerous UVA component of the spectrum. Incomplete
protection against the full ultraviolet spectrum combined with spending a lot of time
in the sun can lead to an increase in the risks of developing malignant melanoma,
a rarer but more deadly form of skin cancer.
Some sunscreen ingredients (such as oxybenzone, benzophenone, octocrylene,
or octyl methoxycinnamate) may be potentially carcinogenic or have other health
risks.
Reduced exposure to ultraviolet light in sunlight can contribute to Vitamin D
deficiency.
5
RESEARCH PARTNERS
SOLUTION....(cont)
These issues have precipitated various
levels of disagreement within the academic community over the benefits and
risks of sunscreen use and sun exposure".
On the whole, suncscreen use is deemed beneficial but some products are
better than others at lessening all types of UV expusre, and others may be less
apt to cause allergic responses or leave harmful chemical residues and
breakdown products (ed) some refs below..
COMMUNITY PARTNERS
Coffee Talk
Pink Ribbon Girls Coffee Talk for June.
Meet up with other Pink Ribbon Girls for coffee and
conversation at Aroma's Java & Gelato on Saturday,
June 22 at 10am. Don't be shy ... we want to meet
you!
Location:
6407 Bridgetown Road; Cincinnati, OH 45248
Saturday, 22 June 2013 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
And a quote from the toxnet data network....
Sunscreens should not
be used as a substitute
for clothing (ROFLOL)
http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DCPC_INCA/DCPC_INCA.aspx
http://www.skincancer.org/preven
tion/uva-and-uvb/understanding-uva-and-uvb
http://womenshealth.gov/news/HealthDay/EN/2013/May/06/676160.html
6
RESEARCH PARTNERS
CROSSWORD PUZZLES for better health
Tanning beds increase risk for three types of skin cancer, and photoaging of
the skin, damage collagen and elastin, cause DNA dimers and mutations, and
depress the immune system. Young people are at increased risk for this damage.
Crossword
puzzles for
better health
Across
1. The skin carcinoma least apt to
metastasize is the _____ cell
carcinoma
2. There are major complications from
UV exposure to the eyes called ______
3. Tanning in tanning beds can
suppress the ______ system
4. The skin carcinoma that kills 2500
people per year _______ cell
5. Most convenient way to avoid
exposure to eyes is to wear ________
Down
1. Failing to cover eyes in a tanning bed can cause ___-___
2. Three types of this disease may result from UV exposure
3. Most convenient way to avoid exposure to body is to wear ______
4. Most convenient way to avoid exposure to face is to wear a ___
5. The most dangerous form of skin cancer, ________, is increased by UVA exposure
6. There are high pressure tanning beds that generate primarily UVA with some UVB by using
highly specialized quartz lamps and __________
7. British name for our tanning beds is ______
8. What gives 10 to 15 times more UV radiation than the sun?
9. 95 percent of the radiation from a tanning bed is ___
10. An acronym for remembering which UV spectrum causes skin aging is_______
11. An acronym for remembering which UV burns the skin is ___________
12. Acronym for an international health organization that does NOT recommend the use of
tanning beds for cosmetic reasons
7
RESEARCH PARTNERS
Answers to this the crossword puzzle on
sunscreens and UV damage.
Links to more puzzles
8
290-40nm
UVC
Far UV
Vacuum UV
400-340 nm
UVA1
340-320 nm
UVA2
320-290 nm
UVB
blocked by atmosphere
keratin
SKIN
epidermis:
basal cells
melanocytes and
immune cells
dermis: collagen, elastin, and immune cells
absorbed by atmosphere
Vacuum Far UV UVC
UV
190
220
40-190
-220
290
UVB UVA1,2
290
320
-320
-400 nm
Cataracts
Skin damage
Skin cancer
Sun burn
Immunosuppressive
DNA strand breaks
UV weather
hazard index scale
DNA dimers
Effects of UV radiation can be worsened chemical agents including birth control pills, tetracycline,
sulphathizole, cyclamates, antidepressants, coal tar distillates found in antidandruff shampoos, lime oil,
and some cosmetics. Protection from UV is provided by clothing, polycarbonate, glass, acrylics, and
plastic diffusers used in office lighting. Sun-blocking lotions offer limited protection against UV exposure.
The amount of UV light reaching the ground in any given place depends on a number of factors,
including the time of day, time of year, elevation, and cloud cover. An online weather channel can give you
the UV index each day.
UV radiation can breakdown some fluoro and chlorocarbons in the air, if present, to toxic chemicals.
9
Butterfly Pasta with Kale
By: Laurie David and Kirstin Uhrenholdt
The Family Dinner: Great Ways to
Connect with Your Kids, One Meal at a Time
You need:
2 large bunches of kale
1 pound farfalle pasta
3 tablespoons olive oil
6 cloves garlic, slivered
1 1/2 cups sun-dried tomatotes from a jar,
drained, rinsed and coarsely chopped
1/2 cup pine nuts, toasted
Salt and pepper or red pepper flakes
Freshly graed Parmesan cheese
To make six servings:
Fill a large pot with water. Bring it to a boil, then salt it so it tastes like the sea.
Remove the stems from the kale. Stack all the kale leaves on the top of one another,
roll them into a fat cigar, and slice it into thin slices. Or just chop, chop, chop it all that works, too.
Throw the kale into the pot for 4 minutes, then remove with a slotted spoon or tongs
and drain well. Put the pasta into the same pot of water and cook according to the
package directions.
While the pasta is boiling, drizzle a large pan with olive oil, heated over medium
flame until shimmering, add the garlic, and gently saute'it until golden and fragrant.
Toss in the kale and the sun-dried tomatoes, cooking until the kale is tender and the
sun-dried tomatoes are soft and bright.
When the pasta is done, drain it, reserving a few teaspoons of the cooking water. In
a large bowl, combine the pasta with the kale and the remaining ingredients. If you
want to moisten a bit, you can use the reserved cooking water. Serve with a lovely
mixed green salad.
10
1: 28
nu
t
i
r
entS
highly anti-inflammatory
great anti-cancer food
2% dietary fiber
vit A, C, E, K,
B1, B2, B3. B6, B9
choline, low glycemic. low fat
lutein, zeaxanthin
calcium, magnesium,
manganese, potassium, zinc
nutrient
denSe
d
f
c
l oar
i S
so low
in calories
1: 306
nu
t
i
r
entS
25% fat,
Vit A,B1, B2, B5, B12,
choline
25% RDI of fat, 34% RDI of
saturated fat, 5% RDI
cholesterol
c
a
l or
S
i
100 grams:@73 calories
Kale, low glycemic index, significant amounts of many
vitamins and minerals, highly anti-inflammatory, easy to
prepare, great phytochemicals, extremely low in
calories.
Nachos, are a popular food based on nixtamalized corn,
of Mexican origin associated with Tex-Mex
cuisine (wikipedia), the amount of fat in this
food makes it high in calories relative to the
amount of nutrients.
100 grams
@306 calories
11
SunGuardMan
Site for games and education
focus is on protection from UV
P
A
KI G
DE
S
simple online games for kids (probably ages 3-8)
education about UV rays and sun protection in a gaming format.
12
REDUCE CANCER RISK
GAIN STRENGTH
RELEASE STRESS
Basic alignment is important in yoga
poses as it will maximise the benefits of
the pose.
YOGA AT YOUR DESK
It will increase the strength & flexibility
without causing any pain, discomfort or
injury.
Every pose has an optimal alighment
Reduce stress
Calm your mind
Feel better
Relax and stretch
PRACTICE #1 YOGIG BREATHING
PRACTICE #2: NATURAL ALIGNMENT
PRACTICE #3: HEALTHY SPINE
Inspired by Kali Ray’s TriYoga,
the art and science of Yogaflow
www.triyoga.com
PRACTICE #3: HEALTHY SPINE
Side stretch, seated or standing
Clasp hands and lift arms overhead
Pull tummy in, stretch side to side
Spinal twist (seated
Sit tall. Bring left hand to right outer thigh and twist.
Repeat on other side.
Seated cat roll
Inhale, hands on thighs, genetly arch back and look up
Exhale, round back tuck chin to chest
13
REDUCING CANCER RISK
GAINING STRENGTH
RELEASING STRESS
verification
Yoga Associated With Gene
Expression In Immune Cells, Study
Finds (excerpted from )The Huffington Post | By
Carolyn Gregoire Posted: 04/24/2013 11:41 pm
EDT | Updated: 04/30/2013 5:56 pm EDT
Studies show yoga is beneficial for physical and mental health in new research (University
of Oslo) Yoga practices impact gene expression, particularly in immune function almost
immediately.
.
Yoga previously was linked to lower stress levels, back pain, depression, lower risk factors
for heart disease, and greater bone health. The mechanisms are still being researched.
In the journal PLoS ONE, evidence of yoga's impact on the immune system of 10
participants who engaged in a one week yoga retreat, showed a beneficial change in 111
immune - related genes in blood just before and a few hours after the sessions. As a
control, music and walking exercises changed 38 genes.
The surprising results are the immediacy of the effect and this points out the benefit of long
term yoga practices.
Other research has shown that regular participation in a type of chanting yogic meditation
daily for eight weeks lowered stress levels by reducing biological mechanisms responsible
for increasing the immune system's inflammatory response.
Windows of Susceptibility
You Tube
Facebook
thanks to http://pdqpatterns.com for this stained glass pattern
see pattern to enlarge at any quick print shop on the next page.
Thank you to
Barbara Hudson,
breast cancer
survivor, who
sent a photo of
her stained
glass panel
made from one of
our patterns
(here). It is
awesome
and she is making several
others for a charity fundraiser.
15
16
thanks wikipedia
"miscellaneous
but interesting
quotes"
UVA ageing, cancer
UVB burns, cancer
UVC hopefully stopped by ozone, cancer
D vitamin deficiency without UV
Exposure to UV for 10 min makes vit D in light skin
Five times longer exposure is required in dark skin to make vit D
Generation of reactive oxygen species occurs with sunscreen
High childhood exposure to UV does increase skin cancer risk
Degredation of sunscreens releases DNA damaging agents
Deficiency in vit D can increase cancer risk
High childhood exposure to UV does increase skin cancer risk
I
lotion for suntanning maximizes UV (avoid this)
Malignant melanoma increased in sunscreen users in one study
N
Oxygen (singlet) is produced by UV with some sunscreens
Penetration of the deeper skin occurs with many suncreens
Q
(free) Radicals are generated as sunscreens absorb UV
Sunscreen chemicals are degraded by UV
Titanium micronized nanoparticle risk has not been studied
Usually skin cancer deaths are from malignant melanoma
Vit D production is 95% inhibited by sunscreens
What-next
X
Y
Zinc oxide micronized nanoparticle risk is unknown
17