Digital switchover for TATT

Digital Switchover
Alan B Downie
Broadcast Engineering Consultant
Commonwealth Broadcasting Association
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
A very short history
of television
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Samuel Morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse,
USA
(1791-1872),
Electric Telegraph
1836
(and Run Length Encoding)
(and pulse width encoding)
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Alexander Bain
Scotland
(1811 - 1877)
FAX machine
1843
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
James Clerk Maxwell Scotland (1831 - 1879)
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Guglielmo Marconi
Italy
1901
Transatlantic transmissions
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
A. A. Campbell Swinton
Scotland
Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton
(1863 - 1930),
“Distant Electric Vision”
1908
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
John Logie Baird
Scotland
(1888 - 1946)
First demonstration
January 1926, London
( 1920, Santa Cruz, Trinidad )
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Mechanical scanning
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
Jan 1884
Cathode ray tube
Karl Ferdinand Braun
1897
“Distant Electric Vision”
Campbell Swinton
June 1908
First images
John Logie Baird
1920
Public Demonstration
John Logie Baird
27 Jan 1926
First transmission, 40 lines
Kenjiro Takayanagi
Dec 1926
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
First public service, 30 lines John Logie Baird
22 Aug 1932
120 lines service, New York Vladimir Zworykin
1933
180 line service, Berlin
Mar 1935
405 line service, UKBBC
2 Nov 1936
525 line service, USA
1941
1000 line system
German Forces, Paris
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alan@cba.org.uk
1940 - 44
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
1200 line system
UK
late 1940’s
819 lines service, France
early 1950’s
625 lines service, Europe
mid 1960’s
1125 lines service, Japan
NHK
early 1980’s
1250 lines system, Europe
late 1980’s
1080 line system
late 1990’s
Common Image Standard
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Binary
Digits
Bits
Bytes
Main frame
Desktop
Mini-computers
ZX80
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
If you can’t beat them, join them
Decide to change
Go digital ………..
Fund the change
Make the change
Keep it going
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Evolution
Not
Revolution
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
DTT is an infrastructure project
National network providing a media /
communication gateway into the home
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
DTT Opportunity
• Digital content available in the home. In particular
educational content
• Ability to connect schools and other public entities
• Promotion of e-government services
• Bringing the internet to the people
• Open standards facilitating new entrants
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Regulation
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Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Michael Starks
PPT
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Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Transmission
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Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Congestion in The Spectrum
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
The UK spectrum band – 470-862MHz
Channel
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Frequency
(MHz)
470-478
478-486
486-494
494-502
502-510
510-518
518-526
526-534
534-542
542-550
550-558
558-566
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
566-574
574-582
582-590
590-598
598-606
606-614
614-622
622-630
630-638
638-646
646-654
654-662
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
662-670
670-678
678-686
686-694
694-702
702-710
710-718
718-726
726-734
734-742
742-750
750-758
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
758-766
766-774
774-782
782-790
790-798
798-806
806-814
814-822
822-830
830-838
838-846
846-854
69
854-862
112 MHz of cleared spectrum (14 x 8
MHz)
Channel 36 – currently used mainly for airport radar
Channel 69 – currently used for equipment such as
wireless microphones
www.cba.org.uk
256 MHz already assigned to six DTT multiplexes
(32 x 8 MHz - but some ‘white space’ available
within this)
Channel 38 – currently protected for radioastronomy in UK and Netherlands
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
24
The UK spectrum band – 800 MHz clearance plan
Channel
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Frequency
(MHz)
470-478
478-486
486-494
494-502
502-510
510-518
518-526
526-534
534-542
542-550
550-558
558-566
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
566-574
574-582
582-590
590-598
598-606
606-614
614-622
622-630
630-638
638-646
646-654
654-662
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
662-670
670-678
678-686
686-694
694-702
702-710
710-718
718-726
726-734
734-742
742-750
750-758
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
758-766
766-774
774-782
782-790
790-798
798-806
806-814
814-822
822-830
830-838
838-846
846-854
69
854-862
Channel 69:
to be cleared of PMSE
Channel 38:
to be allocated for PMSE
Channel 61 & 62:
to be cleared of DTT
Channel 39 and 40:
to be allocated for DTT
PMSE = Programme Making and Special Events
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
25
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
System
Channel B/W
Carriers
Modulation
Data Rate
Services/channel/
Mux
SFN
DVB-T
UHF 8MHz
VHF 7MHz
Multi
OFDM QPSK,16QAM,
64QAM
Max 29Mbit/s
Typical 24Mbit/s
6-8 SD PAL
Yes
DVBT2
UHF 8MHz
VHF 7MHz
Multi
OFDM QPSK,16QAM,
64QAM 256QAM
Max 48Mbit/s
Typical 40Mbits/s
3 HD
Yes
ATSC
6Mhz
Single
8VSB
19Mbit/s
6 SD (NTSC)
1 HD
No
ISDB
6Mhz
Multi
OFDM or PSK Delending
on frequecy band
22Mbit/s
3 SD
1 HD
Yes
DTMB
8MHz
Single or Multi
TDS-OFDM
Max 32Mbit/s
6-15 SD
1-2 HD
Yes
ISDB (T)– Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (International)
DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting
DTMB – Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast
ATSC – Advanced TV System Committee
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Spectrum is standards agnostic
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
UK switch-over plan
Was constructed largely by prediction using software tools
It defines the characteristics of the transmitting stations (frequencies, ERPs
and radiation patterns)… iteratively, from prediction of coverage to
individual postcodes with a resolution of 100 metres
Its creation involved the use of UK-wide terrain-height, clutter and postcode
databases and began in around 2004
All 1150 existing transmitting stations will be used
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
UK switch-over plan
Is based on multiple-frequency networks (MFNs) one for each of the 16
different commercial-television (news & advertising) regions
Use of one or more UK-wide single-frequency networks (SFNs) was ruled out
because of the different programme services required in the different
regions
As far as possible, public-service digital signals are transmitted on the same
frequencies from the same stations as analogue, to minimise changes to
receiving antenna installations
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
UK switch-over plan
Digital ERPs (average power) are generally 10 dB lower than PAL (peak-sync)
power, but transmitters require 6 to 10 dB back-off for DVB-T … so power
amplifiers need to be rated for similar powers to analogue
At stations radiating 6 DVB-T signals, the total electrical power demand is
greater than for analogue
But each DVB-T multiplex carries six or more services so there is a
hypothetical saving of electrical power relative to transmitting the same
number of services by analogue ? which could never have been done!
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
The Digital Dividend
What exactly does the broadcaster get ?
•Extra work
•Extra Cost
•All the blame
What exactly do the telcos get ?
•The Telcos get all the cash and all the kudos
•The Telcos get the cash from users interacting with
broadcasters ……… online news, reality programme phoneins, twitter comments to friends
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
The Digital Dividend
It is the broadcaster who delivers the message free to all
In an emergency situation it is the broadcaster who delivers the message
Broadcasting is essential national infrastructure
Allocating Spectrum
Fair Play for everyone
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Programmes
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
The Digital Family
The Broons
Maw, Paw
Hen, Joe
Maggie, Daphne
Horace
Ay Twin, Ither twin
The Bairn
Grampa
©D C Thompson Ltd The Sunday Post
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Lots of Programmes
BBC1
BBC2
BBC3
BBC4
BBC Alba
CBBC
Cbeebies
Red button
ITV1
ITV2
C4
BBCHD
BBC News
Parliament
Shopping channels s s s s
Sports channels s s s
Archive Dave
+1 channels
Teachers
Religious
Community
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Lots of Options
16:9
14:9
letterbox
pillarbox
Safe area
HD
SD
3D
Hi-vision
Red button
EPG
Mobile
Subtitles
Radio
Languages
Closed captions
Signed
Descriptive
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Consumer
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Vanilla STB - cheap and cheerful
Basic box of tricks
Just a tuner unit
Probably no CAM for pay-tv
Capable of 12volt battery power
Has UHF and maybe SCART output
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Strawberry STB – a bit better
A tuner unit
Maybe with CAM for pay-tv
Capable of 12volt battery power
Has UHF and SCART outputs
Has USB port for memory stick
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Chocolate STB – a whole lot better
A tuner unit
With CAM for pay-tv
Capable of 12volt battery power
Has UHF and SCART outputs
Has USB port for memory stick
Has USB port for Mobile phone dongle
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Whisky STB – top of tree
A tuner unit
With CAM for pay-tv
Capable of 12volt battery power
Has UHF and SCART and HDMI outputs
Has USB port for memory stick
Has USB port for Mobile phone dongle
Has hard disk for recording
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Public Perception
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alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Communication is the key!
(Source: OFCOM, UK)
Consumer awareness plan in UK
National
Launch
of
SwitchCo
3-Years
2-Years
“Get
ready!”
“How to
get
ready!”
1-Year
“Are you
ready?”
www.cba.org.uk
<12 months
1 month
Switchover
Countdown: Countdown: Switchover
‘Switchover ‘Switchover to 100%
is
is
digital
happening!’
here!’
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
48
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Ghana Mascot Koo Digi
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alan@cba.org.uk
digitime
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
PRACTICAL LESSONS FROM THE FIELD
• NOT A BIG ISSUE – STILL A BIG TASK.
• You will be judged by perception as much as technical success. Therefore
advance communication and engagement in the field is crucial.
• Make your communications engaging.
• Regard switchover as an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the
broadcasting industry – not a threat that may damage it.
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Cooperation is a must!
Get everyone involved in ALL process
Governments and regulators
Public Service Broadcasters
Private and commercial broadcasters
Cable and satellite platforms
Manufacturers of professional and consumer equipment
Retailers and antenna installers
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Support is vital!
Education
Technical
Financial
Policy/legal
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
The CBA
Sally-Ann Wilson, CBA Secretary General
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
CBA VISION
To create, with our members, the leading forum for the
exchange of knowledge to support Public Service
Broadcasting and the principles of free and independent
media in the Commonwealth and beyond.
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
OBJECTIVES OF THE CBA
To support freedom of expression and the ideals of public
service broadcasting.
To facilitate information and knowledge exchange between
media organisations and their employees.
To provide assistance to member organisations via training,
bursaries, consultancies, networking opportunities and
content sharing initiatives.
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011
Thank You
And thanks to my many colleagues who have given help and shared their knowledge with me
much of which is incorporated into this presentation
Alan B Downie
Broadcast Engineering Consultant
Commonwealth Broadcasting Association
www.cba.org.uk
alan@cba.org.uk
Alan B Downie for TATT
Port of Spain, Trinidad, 15/11/2011