Infectious_diseases

Transcription

Infectious_diseases
2013
Infectious diseases
Infectious diseases
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Ectoparazitic diseases
Endoparazitic diseases
Mycotic diseases
Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases
VLADIMIR JEKL, DVM, PH.D., DIP. ECZM (SMALL MAMMAL)
KAREL HAUPTMAN, DVM, PH.D
Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic
University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
Infectious diseases in ferrets
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Influenza
Distemper
Aleutian disease
Gastritis – Helicobacter mustelae
Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
Mastitis
Ectoparazitic diseases
Influenza
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Antropozoonosis
High morbidity
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7-14 days
Low mortality
Transmission
Aerosol
Direct contact
Incubation period
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2-4 days
1
2013
Influenza
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Clinical signs
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Influenza
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Sneezing
Epifora
Nasal and ocular discharge
Therapy
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Diagnostics
 Contact with influenza within family
 Clinical signs
 RIA, PCR,ELISA
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(Amantadin)
(Zanamivir)
(Oseltamir)
Supportive care
 Force-feeding
Secondary bacterial infection
 Fluid therpay
 ATB – amoxicilin-clavulanate
Distemper
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CDV – Morbillivirus
Transmission
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Aerosol
Direct contact
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Ocualr discharge
Urine, faeces
Indirect contact
Incubation period
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7-60 days
Distemper
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Clinical signs
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Dermatitis – chin, perianal region
Cheylitis
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Orange colour
Anorexia, Apathy
Dyspnoe
Pruritus, Blefarospasmus
Mucopurulent ocular nad nasal discharge
Hard pad
2
2013
Distemper
Distemper

Clinical signs
Incooordination
Torticolis
 Nystagmus
 Seisures
+ immunosuppression
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Distemper
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Diagnostics
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IFA (first days of the disease)
Nested PCR
Postmortal
 Immunofluorescence
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Lymphonodes, cerebellum
Mucosa
Brain demyelinization, Encefalitis
Inclusion bodies – IC, IN
Distemper
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Therapy
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Prevention
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(anti-dog hyperimmune serum)
vaccination
(PureVAx Distemper vaccine)
6.-8. week
10.-12. week
14.-16. week
Revaccination once a year
3
2013
Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
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FECV, RNA virus
Highly contagious
High morbidity
Low mortality (older ferrets more sensitive)
Transmission
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Orofaecal route
Indirect - clothes
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Termostable
Common disinfectant effective
Enterocyte destruction
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Up to 6 months
malabsorption
Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
Clincial signs
Young ferrets
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Virus present in faeces
2-3 days
Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
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Incubation period
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Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
Acute gastroenteritis
Asymptomatic
Ferrets older than 3 years
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Acute/Chronic gastroenteritis
Vomitus, diarrhoea
Soft yellow to green faeces, „birdseed“
General weakness
Dehydration
4
2013
Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
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Diagnostics
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Epizootic coronaviral enteritis
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Electron mikroscopy
PCR
Histology
Therapy
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Systemic coronaviral infection
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FSCV
High mortality
Similar to FIP
Rehydration
Easy digestible diet
ATB
H2-blocators, Antiemetics
(prednison – 0,5-1 mg/kg q12h)
Mastitis
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Laktující fretky
5
2013
Mastitis
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Lactation
Staphyloccocus, E. coli
Clinical signs
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Ectoparazitic diseases
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Skin discoloration
Oedema, pain
Youngs – stunted growth/death
Therapy
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ATB
Surgical excision
Youngs – force-feeding
Ectoparazitic diseases
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Ctenocephalides felis
Ticks
Otodectes cynotis
Demodicosis
Ectoparazitic diseases
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Therapy
 Ivermectin
 Selamectin
 Fipronil
 Advantage (imidacloprid)
6
2013
Infectious diseases in rabbits
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VHD
Myxomatosis
Treponematosis
Pasteurellosis
Facial abscessed
Coccidiosis
Ectoparazitic diseases
Dermatophytosis
Encephalitozoonosis
Viral haemorrhagical disease
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Patogenesis
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Calicivirus
Highly contagious
High morbidity
High mortality
Transmission
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Viral haemorrhagical disease
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Diagnostics
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epistaxis, haemorrhages on and in organs
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Incubation period 24-48 hod.
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Direct contact
Indirect – air
Virus perzistence in urine
Age resistance to the diseases
Liver, lungs, intestines, lymphatic organs
DIC
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Viral haemorrhagical disease
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Typical course of the disease
Histopathology – liver, spleen
PCR
ELISA, HIT
Clinical signs
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Apathy, immobility, tachypnoe, fever
Seizures, ataxy
Death
7
2013
Viral haemorrhagical disease
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Vaccination
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Leporipoxvirus
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Highly contagious
High morbidity
Mortality variable
Poor epizootic situation
First vaccination
Booster
 Revaccination
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Myxomatosis
6 weeks
10 weeks
6-12 months
Good epizootic situation
First vaccination
 Revaccination
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10 weeks
6-12 months
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Transmission
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Myxomatosis
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Patogenesis
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Replication in regional lymphonodes
Viraemia
Dissemiantion into predilection sites
Incubation period 4-6 days
Amyxomatous form
Direct contac
Blood sucking insect
Myxomatosis
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Clinical signs
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Nodular skin changes
Oedeama – eyelids, lips, ears
Blepharoconjunctivitis
Blepsarospasm
Fever
Skin haemorrhages
Infertility, abort
(Seizures)
Immunosuppression
8
2013
Myxomatosis
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Myxomatosis
Clinical signs
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Diagnostics
 Typical clinical signs
 Histopathology
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Myxomatosis
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First vaccination
Booster
 Revaccination
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Poor epizootic situation
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4 weeks
10 weeks
6-12 months
Good epizootic situation
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First vaccination
Revaccination
Therapy
 (ATB)
Bacterial respiratory infections
Vaccination
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Virus isolation
10 weeks
6-12 months
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Pasteurella multocida
Staphyloccocus aureus
Bordetella bronchiseptica
(Mycoplasma)
(Mycobakteria)
9
2013
Pasteurella multocida
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16 serotypes
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Pasteurella multocida
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Pathogenic strains - A,D
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Maternal antibodies till 8 weeks of age
Transmission
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Aerosol
Contact
Fomites
Copulation
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Pasteurella multocida
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Clinical signs
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Respiratory tract infection
Disease
Resistance
Spontáneous elimination
Chronic carrier
Acute disease
Chronic disease
Pasteurella multocida
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Clinical signs
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Rhinitis
 Pneumonia
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Respiratory tract infection
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Rhinitis
Pneumonia
Conjunktivitis, dacryocystitis
Otitis media/interna
Pyometra/orchitis
SC abscesses
Septicaemia
10
2013
Pasteurella multocida
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Diagnostics
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Clinical signs
Radiography
Rhinoskopy
Bacteriology
ELISA, serotypization
Pasteurella multocida
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Therapy
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Chloramphenikol
Fluoroquinolones
 T-sulpha
 PNC G (parenterály)
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Sinusitis
ATB
Successfulness variable
Supportive care
Nebulization
Surgery
RHINOTOMY
11
2013
Sinusitis
OTITIS MEDIA
RHINOTOMY
NORMAL
SEBUM
PUS
 Clinical signs
 Vestibular syndrome
 Horner syndrome
 Facial nerve paralysis
 Subclinical infection
12
2013
CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
 Rabbit, 6 years, females
 Mass close to the ear base – 3 cm
 Otoscopy
 Radiography
 CT
DX
KRÁLÍCI – OTITIS MEDIA
DX
13
2013
DX
ABLACE ZVUKOVODU
LATERÁLNÍ OSTEKTOMIE TYMPANICKÉ BULY
 Králík, 6 let, samice
 Útvar u báze ušního boltce – 3 cm
 Otoskopie – bil. zúžení ušního kanálu
 RTG
 CT
Chow et al. 2011
KRÁLÍCI – OTITIS MEDIA
14
2013
OTITIS MEDIA
 Therapy
 Myringotomy
 Saline flushing
 NSAID
 meloxikam
 Buprenorfin
0,8 mg/kg
0,03 mg/kg
PO/SC
IM/SC
q12h
q6h
PO
IM
q12h
q24h
 ATB
 T-sulfa
 PNC G
30 mg/kg
50.000 IU/kg
15
2013
ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS
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Fleas
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ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS
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Ctenocephalides felis
Spilopsyllus cuniculi
Fleas
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ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS
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Cheylletiella parasitovorax
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Anaemia
Apathy
Pruritus
ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS
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Cheylletiella parasitovorax
Rabbits, (chinchilas)
Zoonosis
„walking dandruff“
Localisation
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Back
Between shoulders
16
2013
ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS
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Psoroptes cuniculi
ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS
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Therapy
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CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Highly contagious
• High morbidity
• Multifactorial disease
– Mycoplasma pulmonis
 S. pneumoniae, P. pneumotropica, Pseudomonas sp., B. bronchiseptica, Corynebacterium kutscheri
 virus sialodacryoadeninity, Sendai virus ivermectin
selamectin
imidacloprid (+moxidectin, + permethrin)
 Advantage
 Advocate pro kočky
 Advantix
lufenuron
Fipronil – Contraindicated in rabbits
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Transmission
– Youngs (in utero)
– Adults
•
•
•
•
Aerosol
Direct contact
Copulation
Indirect – bedding material, etc.
17
2013
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Clinical signs
– Chromodacryorhea
– Sneezing, „buble“ sounds
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Clinical signs
– Peripheral vestibular syndrome
• Circling
• Desorientation
• Torticolis
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Clinical signs
– Dyspnoe
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Diagnostics
– Clinical signs
– Auscultation
– Otoscopy
– Bacteriology
– ELISA
18
2013
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Diagnostics
– Postmortal examination
– Pus in lung lumen, bronchiectasy, lung hepatization
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Leukaemia, lymphoma
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Anaemia
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Kidney failure
19
2013
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Malocclusion and nasall abscess formation
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Abdominal organ enlargement
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Abdominal organ enlargement
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Heart failure
20
2013
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Differential diagnostics
– Exposure to irritating agents
– „Allergic“ rhinitis
extremely rare
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Therapy
 Topical decongescant
Oxymetazolin
Xylometazolin
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Therapy
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Flurochinolones + doxycyclin
ß-laktams + makrolids
Humidification
Oxygen
Nebulization
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Therapy
 Supportive care
 Soft food
 Vitamin C
 ß- GLUKAN
 Topical antibiotics
T-sulpha
Aminoglycosides
Fluorochinolones
21
2013
PNEUMONIA IN GUINEA PIGS
• Bordetela bronchiseptica
– Obligate pathogen in rabbits
– Fatal to imunocompromised guinea pigs
SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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PNEUMONIA IN GUINEA PIGS
• Bordetela bronchiseptica
– Therapy
•
•
•
•
Vitamin C 50 mg/kg q24h
Supportive care
NSAIDS
Antibiotics
– T‐sulfa
30 mg/kg q 12h
– Fluoroquinolones
SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
History
Clinical examination
Basic derrmatological testing
 Scrapings
 Trichoscopy
 Cytology
 Ear swab
 DTM test
 Cultivation
22
2013
SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Biopsy
SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Biopsy
ECTOPARAZITES

Ticks

Zoonotic potential
ECTOPARAZITES

Ticks
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Zoonotic potential
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Viral encephalitis (Flaviviridae)
Borelliosis
Therapy

ivermectine
(KI in squirrels)
23
2013
INFEKČNÍ ONEMOCNĚNÍ KŮŽE
ECTOPARAZITES

Ornythonyssus bacoti
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
ECTOPARAZITES

Notoedres muris
Zoonosis
Moving fast
ECTOPARAZITES

Notoedres muris
24
2013
ECTOPARAZITES

Trixacarus caviae
ECTOPARAZITES

ECTOPARAZITES

Polyplax serrata
Radfortia ensifera
ECTOPARAZITES


Demodex criceti
Demodex aurati
25
2013
DERMATOPHYTOSIS
DERMATOPHYTOSIS
 TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES
 Zoonosis
 Trichoscopy
 DTM test
 Mycology
DERMATOPHYTOSIS
SUMMARY
 Therapy




Ketokonazole
Antimykotics into the sand bath (chinchillas)
Pythium oligandrum
Vitamin C
 Proper diagnsotic methods
 Differenciál diagnostics
 (Surgery)
 Postoperative care
Optimal therapeutical effect
26
2013
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
MVDr. Vladimír Jekl, Ph.D., DipECZM (Small Mammal)
Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, FVL VFU Brno
jeklv@vfu.cz
27

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