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iia n a jia
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rajiHCHHCKoro B03po>KAeHHfl CBH3biBaeTCa c nyßjiHiiancito b”
f ’C antares I gallego s” , V ig o ,
1863)
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K iiiip o (IK I7
IHK5). 3 t o t c6opHHK, KaK h nocjie/iyiomHfl
im cn.i" ( ” !• ollits N o v a s ” , l,a H aban a , 1880), hbjiriotcn nepiiiH-
ac
"llo h i.ic
•III Mil I II MIll'llltt'KIlll
MO I tllll
XIX
II.
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25
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h to
OHa
flpy rn x
cH jib H e e
TpaAHUHH
J iH T e p a T y p H o fi
*e
h B030ÖH0BHJia [A lo n s o M on tero
291; D la z N id ia
1976, 33— 36]. TeM
K acTpo
n p e *a e
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Bcero
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n ocK O J ibK y
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He
P.
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19,
Ae
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ja A a n y
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M a y o ra l 1974,
TBopnecTBO P.
rajiHCHHCKOH
co3A3hhh
M o n tero
K a c rp o
cahhoh
H op M b i
1973, 76 h c a . ]. O c h o b o h
h b jih ctcm
ftblTOBUJIM
KO TO pi. lC
12;
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npou eccoM
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c
1971, 243; A lo n / o
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n o 3 T H n ecK o ro
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1972,
a jih
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m o r t ä s ),
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p a in b ix
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CTBeHHOM
na
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1976, 45],
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m o r t a le s ,
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b
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1974,
TaK Ha3biBaeMbie nceBAorajiHCH3Mbi, T.e. HCKyccTBeHHO
c
C03A3HHbie (j)o p M b i, HaBOAHHBUine B n ocjieAC TBH H rajiH C H H C K yio jiH T e p a T y p y ,
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e fi
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s to
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n n cb M e
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p e a jib H b ifi
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112]. OTCyTCTBH e KaKHX-JlH 6 o
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BOAy,
P. A e
h to
P o c 3 jih k )
1976,
K acTpo
” K3K
b
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mto o h s
[A lo n s o
c o B p e M e H H b ix
T aK
H
KJiaccH Ka
H e o 6xoAH M O
269].
tom ,
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1972,
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o
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A ß em c (IH 3 S
Ilo H A a ji
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i i.ch
iic
iiiu 't »in ie H .
1911, 59, 6 0 1.
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C K o ro
ohh
jip y n ix
npoTH ßo-
oh
ry A a
c m h ts ji
p h m jih h
iiosTHMecKHÜ
1886). Berta e
” cB eTjioe npeflHa3HaneHHe p a cb i h H a p o a a , k o t o p w h a o j iw c h BepHyTb
CBeT H a p o fla M H 6 e p H H ” [ L o s a d a C a s tr o 1976, 271], 3 . rio H A a ji co3HaT e jib H O
n 0 AX 0A H Ji k coBepuieHCTBO BaH Hio n H C b M e H H o r o rajiH CHHCKoro
H3 b i K a ,
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ot
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h
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He ocTaH aBH H Bajicfl n epeA co3AaHHeM H yw H bix eM y HOBbix c jio b .
B e jim co 3HaneHHe rp a * A aH C K O H no33HH M a H y s jia K y p p o c a 3 iip n Keca (1 8 5 1 — 1908), rib ijiK o ro p e c n y 6 jiH K aH u a, » p o c T H o ro iipo T H R im k ü
KaTOjiHUH3Ma. E M y n p H H a fljie Ä H T cS opH H K c t h x o b ” B o 3 ;iy x M o e io
K p a s” ( " A ir e s d a m ifia te rra ” , 1880) h napoA H « Ha "B o jK e c T B c in iy io
KOMe/iHK)” fla H T e ” E o *ecT B e H H b iH caflH eT” (” 0 d iv in o sa in e te", 1888).
^3bIK e ro n033HH OTJIHHaeTCH ÖOraTCTBOM Bbipa3HTejIbHblX CpCACTB,
co3HaTe^bHbiM OTHoiueHHeM k n p o 6 n e M a M jiH T e p a T yp H o fi H opM bi. C’o n o CTaBjieuHe p«aa H3AaHHH e ro no3 M o6 H a p y » H B a e T M yHHTejibHbift n p on e cc
nOHCKa HCTHHHO rajlHCHHCKHX <J)OpM, CTpeMJieHHe OHHC THT b H3bIK OT
KacTHJiH3MOB, KOTopbie o flH a K o HacTO npHBOAHJiH k HeyAanaM ; tu k ,
hcthhho
rajiH CHHCKoe c j i o b o g a rg a lla d a ‘ cM ex, x o x o t ’ 3aMeHHcrcH na
nceBAoranH CH 3M c a rc a x a d a ; K yjib T H 3 M |o b sce n o s n p e B p a m a e T C H b ouscenos;
BbiÖ H paioTca t o o 6 m e y n o T p e 6 H T e j i b H b i e (JiopMbi MecTOHMeHHfl, el, aq u e l,
t o y3 K o n o K a jib H b ie a q u ile s , ise, istes. H a6jiK> flaioTCH KOjie6aHH« b op4>orpa<j)HH h b M op ^ io jio rH H . 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 n o p T y ra jib C K o ro pe;iKH,
HeT Ta k h x jjn a jie k t h 3 m o b , KaK g h e a d a h seseo [ C o u c e ir o 1977, 107],
EojibiuoH noiiyjiHpHOCTbK) ii0jib30BajicH no3T h npo3aHK BajieHTmi
JlaMac
h
K ap ß ax aji
rpa}KjjaHCKOH
(1849
jiH p n Ke
1906).
oh
B
c B o e fi
pHCOBaji
K0CTyM6 pHCTCK0 Ü
rp y c T H b ie
KapTHHbi
no 33HH
cejibCKoro
6 biTa. EMy npHHajyiewaT nosTHnecKHe c 6 opHHKH "UIhiim , jiHCTb» h UBeTbi”
( ” Espifias,
fo lla s
e
fro re s ” ,
1 8 7 5 -1 8 7 6 ),
’T a j iH C H H C K H e
nenajiH”
f ’Saudades gallegas” , 1880) h '’êpeBeHCKa« My 3a” ( ” A
musa das
aldeas” , 1890), a T a K * e 3HaMeHHTbifi ” KaTexH3Hc K p e c T b H iic K o ö j;o k TpHHbi” ( ” C atecism o da doutrina lab re g a ” , 1889).
B nocjie/jHHe ABa /jecHTHJieTHa X I X b . nyßjiHKyeTca m h o t o iio s t h necKHx c 6 opHH k o b A pyrnx a B T o p o ß 6. E o jibiu aa nacTb npoH3BeêHHH —
KOCTyMÖpHCTCKOTO h jih jiH p n w e cK o ro xa p a K T e p a . I Io HHHUHaTHBe A . M a p THHeca C ajiacap a (1 8 4 6 — 1923) B bin ycK O M rajiHCHHCKOH JiHTepaTypbi 3aH »jiocb H3AaTejibCTBo B ib lio te c a G a lle g a , ocHOBaHHoe b 1886 r.; ra J IH C H H C K H e K H H T H B b I X O f l H J l H H B A p y T H X
H 3A a TejlbC TB a X .
rajiH CH H CK aa n po3 a b X I X b. p a 3 B H B a jia c b oneHb c jia 6 o 7. T o jib K o
b nocjiejiH eH TpeTH X I X b. HanH H aioT noHBJiHTbca HOBejuibi h noBecTH
Ha rajlHCHHCKOM.
IIpeoÖ JiaflaH H e no33HH, b o c h o b h o m
KpaTKHX ee
4>opM, yAOÖHbix AJi« 0n y6 jiH K 0B aH H H b nepHOflHHecKOH newaTH, 6 b ijio
o 6 y cjio B jie H o oTcyTCTBHeM u iH p o K o ß M accb i HHTaTejieii; H3AaHHe 6 o jib u iH X
Iip olU H 'ieC K H X
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H H H jia ci. n o n c c T h M apcnajia BajibSAapeca H yHbeca(1821 — 1903) "M auiH H a,
h jih
Hc i i i k o i i i i i i h
AOHb”
( ” M a x in a o u a filla espürea” , 1880). B n o B e c T H
im ii i ;u> o i piDKrmic ,/|ny»3 biHHe
r a jiH C H H C K o r o
oSm ecTBa:
*<> i ii iiiiriillinull iiiMiiiii XIX ii cm [Varela 1958;
C ttnlrfliM.o Alvmr/ 19/H)
U i ii um iitit Kolt iiptnr \ ! \ ii cm |Vitt rla JAcome 1957],
e c jiH
Fernände/
(Id
K p e c T b m ic
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IV/h,
ro B o p a T
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to
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b
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1975.
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KOHue
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de
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nyÖJiH Ky iotch
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hctophhcckhc
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m
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de
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castclo de
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EoHaBajia”
(” A
P a m b re” ,
1905).
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tecedeira
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1895),
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pa3BHTHH nHCbMeniioro 1 ajiHCHÜCKoro H3biKa; A . Jlonec <J>eppeKpo C03HaTejibHO
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ra jiH C H H C K O M ,
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lero 1974,36] .
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lego-castellano.
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la
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h
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IlepBblH rajIHCHßCKO-KaCTHJlbC KHß CJlOBapb
r.: F. J a v ie r R o d r ig u e z . D iccionario galroAy
A jiß ap eca
y
vo cabu lario
0 ny 6 jiHK0 BaH
Ebiji
KyBefipo
BajibHAapeca: M .
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del
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dialecto
gal-
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IlHHbOJia
(1876)
V a lla d a re s .
D iccio n ario ga llego -ca stellu n o.
h
HaHßojiee
nojim.iß
Santiago,
1884; p » A cjioBapefi 6 biJi 3aBepineH b pyKonHCH, ho hc
H3AaH. B 60-e toam 6 mjih H3AaHbi T aK *e TpH rpaMMaTHKH — <l>. M h paca
(1864),
(1868).
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(1868)
h
X .A .
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n o jiH o ß
eTca H e ö o jib iu a a
H oe
3arjiaBHe:
con
un
F.
M ir a s .
v o cab u lario
d e n c ia
c a s te lla n a ,
terias.
Un
de
gran d io so
R edenciön. U n
com o algun as del
(BpoAe cnoBapfl:
de
poem a
y
de
unos
de
gram ätica
verbos
100
g a lle g a - c a s t e lla n a ,
gallegos
y
d iälogos
sob re
octavas
titulado
su
corresp on -
d ife r e n t e s
La
m a-
C r e a c iö n
extracto de F ä b u la s de los m ejores fabulistas asi
autor. S a n t ia g o , 1864. CaMO H aiB aH H e rpaM M aTH K H
rajiHCHßcKo-KacTHjibCKaa) h o6o3HanaeMaa aBTopoM
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M3MKOM.
jkhtcjih i i c MoryT h x noHHTb” [M ir ä s 1978,6].
II
lipCAHCJIOBHH I K 4>aKCHMHJlbHOMy
paca
III.
IIO II.D I
V iin o
o u v n
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M oH Tepo
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h
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1982
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frases
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1936— 1939
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1972,76,77).
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npocym ecTB O B aji
1936
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ch h ck o m .
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r.
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kom h cchh ,
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n H c a T e jib
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B o jib iu o e
m en sual d a
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n o A J iH H H o ro
3H aneH H e
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no
g a le g a ).
pacqB eTa
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1935
r.
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»y p H a n a
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»y p H a jia
p yK O -
B H ceH T e P h c k o (1 8 8 4 — 1963) h B b iA a iom H H h
b
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c n jio T H jia c b
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HaHM eHOBaHHe
TaK H e
BHJibflc,
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ho
1978,13— 18],
npo3aH K h h c t o p h k
1950).
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KOHna.
ao
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K y jib T y p b i
HHjia
np0H3B0Ji
C a le r o
n yöjiH K aiiH io
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b o a h jih
-z,
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B
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or
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u rn ry,
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19 68 a,140,1411. llu p o A Y
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o c T a B a jia c b
no-npeacH eM y HCAOcryim ott, n o c K O J ib K y r p a M O T H O C T b Ha
rajiHCHHC kom
sada
th h
C a s tro
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eABa
1976,282].
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JiHTepaTypbi
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h
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1978,9
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c ji.;
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KojieHHH ” M b i” rajiHCHHCKaa JiHTepaTypa H ocn jia (JiojibKjiopHbiH, KocTyM 36
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1977,87],
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m k u c th jih im o b
H3biKa,
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MaiOT e r o o t HcnaHCKoro (AH<j)(f>epeHUHajiH3M).
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6 b iji
” M b i”
jih ö o
o n p e A e jieH H O H
c tb o
»y p H a jia
jih c h h c k o m .
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rajiHCHHCKOÖ
opneH TauH H .
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flo
(Sei
1936 r.
k u k oH -
h v u n c jn . -
0 n y 6 jiH K 0 B a ji 0 T a K » e o k o j i o CTa khm t iiu ra ” M b i ” 6 b ijia x a p a K T e p H a n p o i p c c -
” M b i”
JXnft
opraH O M
n o jiH TH n ecK O H
n o 33HH noK O jieH H H
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h
ycH JieH H e
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KOHTaKTOB c e B p o n e ftc K o lt
M H oroH H C J ieH H b ix
n o -i-
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Ile p e c
C aH M ec
3 K cn p eccH O H H C T H H ecK o ro H an p aß jieH H H M a H o a ji A h t o i i h o
(1 9 0 0 — 1928) h J ly n c A M a f l o K a p 6 a j i b o (1901 — 1927).
K n o s T a M , n p eo flO J ieB u iH M ß c ß o e M T B o p n e c T ß e m o a ^ p h h c t c K H e bjihsh ih h,
A h to h h o
H o p b e r a B a p e jia (1 8 6 9 — 1947) h PaM O H Ku6 aH H Jib «c (1 8 7 6 — 1959), " K jia c c H K rajiHCHHCKOH no33H H ” [H e m ä n d c /
1974,109],
C
on yöJ iH K O ß aH H eM
b
K oH M 6pe
'T l e c e H
o
m h jio m ”
H3
n p H H a fljie * a T
rajlH C H H C K O -n O pTyrajlbC K O H JIHpHKH CBH3aHO B03HHKH0BeHHe n033HH ” H eoT p y 6 a A y p o ß ” , b K o.T op o H
6 b iji o cy u je cT B J ie H c h h t c 3 cp efln eB eK O B O ü jih p h
3 aH H H aT ejieM
3 T o ro
HanpaBJieHHa 6 m ji
4>epMHH B o y c a E p e n (1901 — 1973), 0ny6jiHK0BaBuiHii b 1932 r. c 6 o p h h k ” O jih h o k h h
K o p a 6 jib ” ( ” N a o s e n lle ir a ” ). K H e o T p y 6 a A y p a M n p n H a fljie )K a ji TaK ace n o s T h n p o 3aH K A ji B a p o K y H K e ß p o (p o A - b 1911 r .).
kh
h
COBpeMeHHOH
BHe J iH T ep a T y p H b ix
1958),
no33HH.
HanpaBJieHHH c t o h j i Jlyn c B a c K e c
COeflHHflßUIHH
CBOeÜ
B
n033HH
3JieMeHTbI
Ü H M e H T e ji (1 8 95 —
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h
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B npo3e H a6jiioaaeTCH npeoß jiaA aH H e on epK a Hajj p0M aH0M . K CTapiueMy
noKOJieHHK)
P.
O Tepo
1958) h
B.
npo3aHKOß,
poflHBUiHxca
IleA p a H O (1 8 8 8 — 1976),
Phcko,
aß T o p
A.
1880-1890
b
r r .,
npH H a;iJie*aT
K a c T e jia o , <1>. K ysB H jibac (1 8 8 6 —
jiH T e p a T y p H o ro
MaHH(J>ecTa ” M b i,
HenpHcno-
co6jieH H bie” ( ” N 6 s , os in a d a p ta d o s ” , 1933). K p o M e xyAOHcecTßeHHofi npo3bi
n e p y 3 th x aB TopoB npHHajuie^KHT p « A <J)yHAaMeHTajibHbix HccjreAOBaHHH
n o HCTopnH K yjibTypbi TauHCHH. K o B Top oM y noKOJieHHK) n p033H K 0B
npHHaAJieacaT P . fln e c T e , 3 . M o H T e c , 3 . K o p p e a K a iw e p o H h APflp aM aT yp rH H
B
1919 r.
HCKyccTßa,
6b ijia
6biJia
npeacTaBJieHa
co3AaH a
KOTopaa c
Ha rajTHCHÜCKOM ropa3AO cjiaöee.
HauHOHajibHaa
1922 n o
K O H cep ß arop H » rajiHCHÜCKoro
1926 r. Ha3bißajiacb rajiHCHHCKofi Apa-
MaTHnecKOH IIIKOJIOH. PyKOBOAHJi L U ko jio h JleaHApo K a p p e A jiß a p e jib o c
(1 8 8 8 — 1976),
H3AaTejib,
ipaMMaTHKH,
HOßejuiHCT
nepeßOAHHK,
h
aß T o p
ApaMa*rypr.
rajiHCHHCKoro
M am e
ß c e ro
c jio ß a p a
CTaBHJiacb
h
nbeca
"H A H Jii.ro ” ( ” 0 F id a lg o ” , 1918) IU. C ari-JIyH ca P o M e p o (1 8 72 — 1966),
imii|)iiiuicHHa;i npoTHß KacHKH3Ma; nonyjiapHOCTbK) nojib30ßajiHCb Taxxce
m .rri.i A . P o A P H re c a 3 jin a c a (1 8 7 2 — 1958). Ü03)Ke Hpe3BbmaHHyio non y iitip iio c n . n p H o 6 p e jia
kom cahh
A.
K a c T e jia o ” C TapH K aM BjiioöJisiTbCfl
" n i iimn ii IW koII iio n m i X X b. cm . [C a rb a llo C alero 1955].
nojioiceHo” ( ”O s vellos non deben de n am orarse”), B n e p B b i e nocTaB-
He
jieHHafl
EysH oc-Afipece
b
b
1941
r.
C
1936
r.
n3flaHHe jiHTepsTypbi
rajiHCHHC kom npeKpam aeTC», h q o 1946 r. eqHHCTBeHHbiM onyßjiHKOBaHHbiM no-rajiHCHHCKH npoH3BeaeHHeM 0Ka3biBaeTCH capcysjia UI. T p a -
Ha
nepo IlapA O ” H e njianb, C aöejiH H b«” (” N o n chores, S abelin a” ), n o c T a B jieHHaa
b
1943
rjiaBHbiM
r.
b
Jlyro.
no33HH,
06pa30M
B
3 to t
nepnofl
nyßjiHKyioTC«
b
rajiHCHHCKHe
3M HrpauHH,
khhth,
ochobhom
b
b ApreHTHHe.
Ilep e A
caMofi
ijHajibHoro
r ajiH C H H .
o
28
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hhx
CTaTyCa
n p H 3 H 3 B a jl C H
CK ajica
r.
b
KOO <} )H UHa jI bHb IM
H a p flfly
npeflMeTbi "rajiMCHÜCKHÜ h i m k ,
h ctop h h ,
neHHe
H3biKe.
Bejiocb
Ha
HCFiaHCKOM
IipaBHTejlbCTBOM H f l p y r H M H
npoflTH
p a TH (| )H K ai | H K )
C
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b
ch o iu c h h h x
HcnaHHH
n apjiaM eH Te,
H
6b iT b
JiHTepaTypa” , x o t h
1976,15].
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rajlHCHßCKHfi
c
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B
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h cHCTerny H a n a j i b H o r o
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n jie ß H C U H T
r 3JIHCHH,
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sttbixa
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6 wji
3BTOHOM HOfi
a A M H H H C T p au H io
b
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1936
h io h h
npHHHTHH
co3AajiHCb
boBhoH
np H 3H a H H H
cpeq-
B B e j je H b i
csm o
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q eH Tp ajib H biM
flOJDKeH ÖblJl
H cn ojlb-
OflHaKO CTaTyT He ycneji
K orqa
pa3p a3 H Jiacb
rp a w jjsH -
CKaa BoßHa [ O estatuto de G alicia... 1971 ] 13.
rAJIHCHflCKHfl
Bo 4>paHKHCTCKOH
yica3 0B ,
h jih
fl3bIK H A C O B P E M E H H Q M
C B O E r O PA3BHTHA
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6 b iji HcnaHCKHH.
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khht
Ha rajiHCHHC k o m nenaTaJiocb b e r pa na x JI; it h h c k o h
AMepHKH. B ” aMepHK3HCKHH n e p n o A ” h c t o p h h la jm cH ttc K D ti JiHTepaTypbi
h
«3b iK a
(1936— 1955)
E y 3 H o c -A fip e c
c
ero
flOJDKajiH T B opH T b 3 .
JI.
jie,
C eoane
K y jib T y p H o ß
c t o j ih u c A
i i i j i h c h II iioh
rajiKcnflcKHM
ucm poM .
B l»y »iio c -A iip e c e
E jia iiK o
A p y iM C
h
H ecM O Tp«
Topoe
b
n i.iiiy c K o M
KaK
P n ero, h
b
1951
P.
APr.,
h iiii
y 'iiu ' i n r
O ic p o
H c p n o ll
6 buia
; u i h i i i i o i i.
o ll,
h i i i o j i o i hh
iic c k o j ii . ko
1’ .
c m y a u H io ,
ic j ii .c t b o
b
csm oB
ko-
T a n a K C H «,
B
paßoTe
jieH TejiH
n H H beßpo,
H3Aa-
rajiHCHHCKoß
.
O epH aH êc
H 3flaT ejib C T B 0 M
n w iiy m e H H o ß
iia p o A H o fi
cepn fi
1974,6,7].
i I im u m i Sii
iin ic c n ib ie
iiik iic
llr .u p tillo ,
k iiiii
11 iah
n p o-
A . o-
K u c r c jia o ,
i iij iiic h Hc k o m .
na
i j O flpaMaTHHecKOÜ cy.ni.6e C iin v n i ™
38
iu
in u m i i i 'i r i Kyio
ocim m in.
y ;iiiii< ii i.
npHHHMUJiH
K y jib T y p b i,
H3KCHH
i.
,/lH ri'ic, A .
|() lih ro nulr||i> »
iic fiju ti o iip M H iiiv K i
3 aH H jiocb
T ejib C T B a
A e jib
na
1950
I*.
i i h c h ic j im ,
rs J iH c n fic K o ß i i o t i h h h n p o »i.i
r ajiHCHH
AM op,
c r a hobhtch
necHH
[O astclao 1977, 144],
"A n tifo n a
Tade
cantiga”. 3aTeM 6bijtH H3AaHbi TpH cöopHHica onepKOB pa3JiHHHbix
aBTopoB: ” La Saudade” (1953), ”Paisaxe e cultura” (1955), ”Sete ensaios sobre
Rosalia” (1952). HecMOTpa Ha CKpoMHbie MacuiTa6bi,
AeaTejibHocTb H3AaTejibCTBa b 50-e roAbi no3ßonHjia xoTb b KaK0tt-T0
Mepe noAAep*aTb nwcbMeHflyio TpaAHUHio. rajiaxcna m/iaer tbkwc
xcypHan ’T p aajrb” (”Grial”. Revista da Cultura G alega) h ’TajiMCHÖckhö 3KOHOMHMecKHH acypHaji” ("Revista de Economia de Galicia”).
B 3tom H3A3TejibCTBe 6bijiH 0ny6jiHK0BaHbi nepeBOAW npoH3ßeAeHHÜ
ÜJiaBTa, ÜjiaTOHa, OMapa XafiaMa, AHya h Apyrnx KjiaccHKOB MHpoboh
JiHTepaTypbi [A lon so M ontero
1968b; O libro galego a discusion 1974,75],
b
B 60-e roflbi n o T O K rajiHCHHC k h x S M H r p a H T O ß H a n p a ß j i a e T c a b o c h o b h o m
cTpaHbi 3anaAH0H Eßponbi, h KyjibTypHaa AeaTejibHOCTb rajiHCHÜ-
CKHX U e H T p O B
HOBbix
B JlaTHHCKOH
Marino
[C a m b re
H3AaTejibCTB:
K acTpo
AP-
H
AM epH Ke
1974,96).
3aTO
C T3 H0B HTC H
caMOH
b
M eHee
TajiHCHH
3H a H H T e jl b H O H
OTKpbiBaeTCH
paA
CejiTa,
KHHrH
IÜHCTpan, CenT, KacTpejioc, 3AHCboc a o
BbIXO AaT, OflHaKO, H e 6 o j I b l H H M H T H p a ^ a M H H
OCTaiOTCH MajIOJJOCTynHbIMH U J H pO K H M MaccaM14.
B
OTjiHHne
jiHCHH CK aa
ot
npeflbiflymHX
HaHÖojiee
npo3a.
nepHOAOB
bh ah u m h
hhtchchbho
pa3BH B aeTca
ra -
ee npejjcTaBHTejuiMH nBJiaioTca
nncaTejiH CTapiuero noKOJieHHa: 3 .'B jia H K 0 A M o p , A . KyHKefipo, A . <J>ojie,
K . K a c a p e c . B 60-e roflbi Ha cqeHy b m x o a h t n o c jie ß o e H H o e noKOjieHHe
nHcaTejieft, MbH npoH3BeaeHHa H3aaTejibCTBO TajiaKCHa ny6jiHKyeT b cepHH
lila
nova:
III.JI.
MeHAec OeppHH,
T.
PoApwrec M o y p y jib o , III.
Kacaji,
UI. Heftpa Bnjiac h np. C 70-x roAOB HaHHHaeT pa3BHBaTbca TeaTp; Hap a f l y c o p H T H H a j i b i i b i M H iibecaMH ny6jiHKyeTca m hoto n e p e B O A O B n p o H 3 BefleHHH KjiaccHHecKoß h coBpevteHHofi ApaMaTyprHH. CoBpeMeHHyio rajiHCHÜCKyio n o 33 H K ) npeACTaBJiaioT T a k h c hmchb, KaK C e j i c o 3m hjiho eppefipo
h M aH ysji
MapHH <X>epnan;iec Teftmeftpo. C c e p e A H H b i 70-x r o -
AOB HaHHHaeT n o a B J ia T b ca h nepnoAH Ka na rajiHCHÜCKOM.
B 6 0 -e
roA W
rajiH C H H C K oro
hom
roA y
n p e A n p w H H M a io T c a
a 3 b iK a
b
rajiH C H Ü C K H H
n a c T H b ix
a 3 b iK
o T jie jib iib ie
y 4 e 6 n b ix
n o iib iT K H
n p e n o A a B a jic a
yw e
b
n p enoA aB aH H a
B 1971/72 y n e6 -
la B e A e im a x .
13
u iK O J ia x
[Marbän
1 9 8 0 ]. B 19 65 r . b y H H B e p c H T e T e C a H T b a r o - A e - K o v i n o c T e j i b i b b o a h t c » n p e A M e T ” ra jiH C H H C K H fi
jio c o $ h h
h
« 3 b iK
(J )H J io jio rH H .
h jiH T e p a T y p a ”
a ji»
B
yH H B epcH TeTe
1971 r .
npH
C T y A e H T O B (J ja K y jib T e T a (J)H6 b iji
co3A aH
Hh-
C T H T y T r a jiH C H H C K o r o a 3 b iK a c u e j i b i o C T a H A a p T H 3 a u H H o p e j i o r p a c J w H , B b in y c -
K a yMeÖ H H KO B h c jiO B a p e fi. T p e x T O M H b iH yMe 6 HHK rajiH C H H C K oro s n b iK a a j i »
H c n a H o r o B o p a u iH X
H H C TH T yT O M ,
[G a lle g o
1975;
n p e A C T a ß jia e T
G a le g o
co 6 oh
1976;
y H H K a jib H o e
1 9 7 7 ],
H 3A a H H b iii
H 3AaH H e
a jih
sth m
"M a jib ix ”
poMaHCKHX H3biKOB; K p o M e c H C T e M a T H H e c K H x cB e A e H H Ü o B H y T p e H H e M C T p o e
r ä jiH C H Ä C K o r o » 3 b iK a y n a m H H c a n o j i y n a e T p a 3 jiH H H b ie C B eA eH H a 0 6 h c t o p h h ,
K y jib T yp e,
o 6 bm aax
r a jiH C H H u e ß ;
3 to
H a c T o a u iH H
yn eÖ H H K " r a jiH C H H C K o -
r o a 3 b iK a h AHBHJiH 3 a u H H ” .
C
197?
u 06
HCCKHe
r.
rajiHCHÜCKHH
H 3 fla T e ^ b c K o ft
cnpaB O H H H K M
BBOAHTca
ne»TejibHOCTH
|C a lÄ lo g o
de
b
lib r o s
KaK npeAMeT
Ia .n iC H H
en
g a le g o
;i£iK)T
1974;
H3yneHHa
npeACTaBJieHHe
1978;
V ila r ifio
b
hcko-
GHÖjlMOipatpHP in to s ,
P a rd o
G o m e z 1981).
39
T o p b ix
cpeflH H X
Ha K y p c a x
H H 3auH »M H .
yM e6 H b ix
3 a B e A e H H »x
B y3ax;
h
TaKKe
oh
H3ynaeTCH
B 3 p o c jib ix , opraHH3yeMbix pasjiHHHbiMH K yjib T yp H b iM H o p r a -
a j i»
C
1975
r.
H an a jiH
pa6oTy
K ypcbi
no
n 0 A r0 T 0 B K e
npeno-
A a B a T e jie ü r a u H c n fic K o r o «3 U K a .
IloCJie yCTaHOBJieHHH B 1975 r. KOHCTHTyUHOHHOß MOHapXHH BMeCTe c
npoueccoM aBTOHOMimuHH oTAejibHbix o6jiacTefi
B bip aß oT K a
HcnaHHH nponcxoAHT
3aKOHOAäTejibCTBa, OTiiocumerocfl k <J>yHKUH0HHp0BaHHK> Kac-
h perHOHajibHbix HibiKOR, icoTopoc nocTOHHHo noAßepraeTca
KpHTHKe 3a paCnjIblBiaTOCTb (JjOpMyjlHpOBOK H 3a IlOJlOBHHHaTOCTb pemeHHfl
TH jibCK oro
H 3 biK O B oro B o n p o c a .
K o p o jie B C K H M a c k p c t o m
10 Man
ot
1979 i'. M cc x iib iM o p r a n a M caM O -
ynpaBJieHHH 6 b ijio p a i p c m c n o iio j ii . io h u t i . ch k u k m c c t x m m , i b k h KacTHJibH3biKOM. F Io c iic u h u ju .N O M y p c u ic iiH K ) MCCTiihic o p ia m . i M o r y T BeCTH
ckhm
A eJion poH 3 B O A C T B o Ha p e iH O H a jrb iio M h i i .i k c , i i o j i b i o H a T b c « h m b A e 6 a T a x ;
OAHaKO
K op p eciioH A C H U H N ,
iianpaiuiH CM aH b
ro c y A a p c T B e H H b ie
o p r a H b i,
c y A , T p H ß y H a jib i, b o p r a H b i HCAByH ibiH H bix o 6 jia c T e tt, AOJUKHa c o c T a B ji» T b c »
Ha KaCTHJIbCKOM. TaK W e Ha KaCTHJIbCKOM CO CTaB Jl«eTC » KOppeenOHACHUHH,
H Aym aa
qeH Tpa
H3
K o p o jie B C K H Ö
MecTa
Ha
AeK peT
[L e g is la c iö n
20
ot
P r e a u to n ö m ic a
1979
h io j ih
r.
ra jiH C H Ö cK o ro «3 b iK a b c h c t c m c 06pa30B aH H H .
p e r y jiH p y e T
1980,
7 9 ].
n o jioa ceH H e
B K anecTB e o6H3aTejibHoro
n p e A M e T a rajiHCHÜCKHß b b o a h t c b b yne6Hbie n jia H b i AO iuKOJibHbix y n p e * AeHHH,
HawajibHOH
h
cpeAH eß
iu k o j im
h
CHCTeMy n p 0 (})e c c H 0 H a jib H 0 r 0
b
06p a3 0B aH H H nepBOH CTyneH H . C 1 979/80 y n e Ö H o r o r o A a yH e6H bie n p o r p a M Mbi b ro cyA a p cT B e H H b ix h n a c T H b ix tu K o n a x M o r y T p a s p a ö a T b iB a T b c a Ha
rajlHCHHCKOM HJIH KaCTHJIbCKOM B 33BHCHM0CTH OT pOAHOTO H3bIKa yHaiUHXca,
ot
»e jia H H «
p o A H T e jie fi
h
ot
HajiHHHH
H eo 6 x o A H M bix
cpeA C T B
AJia
oß yn eH H H Ha rajiHCHHC k o m . IIp e A n H C b iB a e T c » c o3 A a H H e Ka(J>eAP rajiHCHHC K o ro
H3biKa
T e jie fi
a j i«
h
K y jib T y p b i
cpeAH H X
l u k o j i.
n eA aro rH n ecK H x
b
TajiHCHHCKHH
m K o jia x ,
»3 b iK
h
ro T O B am n x
K y jib T y p a
y iH -
b bo ah tch
b
n p o r p a M M y n 0 A r0 T 0 B K H 6 a K a jia B p o B . Ilp e A y c M a T p H B a e T c a C 0 3 A a H H C K ypcoB
noB bim eH H H
KBajiH<J>HKauHH
yn H T ejieH
H3biKa [ L e g is la c iö n
P r e a u t o n ö m ic a 1980, 7 4 8 ].
B yK a3e
ot
1 a B rycT a
1979
r.
o6pam aeTC H
bhhmbhhc
Ha
H e A o n y c-
THMOCTb OrpaHHMeHHH B H3yHCHHH KaCTHJIbCKOTO H HHOCTpUllllblX H3bIKOB.
H a H3yneHHe ra jiH C H H C K o ro o t b o a h t c h T p n waca b iic a c j iio r HanajibHOH
h c p e A H e ö mKOJie h AB a w aca b h c a c j ik ) r
iip o (t> c c c H o iiu jih iib ix ynH jiH m a x [T a M j« e , 7 5 0 ]15.
H ecM O T p a Ha 3iiaHHTCJibiiyK) H o p M u jim n u m o II0JI03KCHHH jiH T ep a T yp H o ro
rajiHCHHCKoro
h i i .ikh
h i i .ik o h h h
cHiyniiHM
n I iijih ch h
npoAOJDKaeT o cT a-
BaTbCfl CJIOMHOfl. R A p y l HX pH l.f|0JIHX KllMI II ft yAy I pUCCMOTpeHbl B a * H e finiHe o c o 6 c h iio c t h jiH ic p H ry p ito i o m i m kh im coiipcMCHHOM 3Tane e r o p a 3 BH THf l,
3ACCb
3KC
yKI DK C M
IIH
I IC K III n p i.l C
MCpTl.l
H3bIKOBOH
CHTyaAHH
B
r a j i H C H H BHe c (J ) c p w 4 > y i i K i u < o i i H p o H u i i i iH i i m i . M e i i H o r o f l 3 b i K a 16. C ( J ) e p y y c T HOH
KOMMyHHKaUHH
X lip H K I C*pil l y t 1 KOII K y p e i l U H » C J i e A y i O m H X « 3 b I K O B b I X
COCTOBHHfi.
1. ra jiH O H Ü c KHe r o B o p i.i n fto u rr
ls O
n o c jie a y io iu e M
16 O
H3 b iK O B O Ü C H T y a u H H
1983],
3 a K 0 H 0 ;u n c J iM
tnr
cm
■ c «n p r M r iiiin fl
iijih
[ < im
ein
I h jih c h h
MeHee
N cgro
hhctom
BHAe p a c n p o c T -
1984, 11],
c m . T a K W e [C T e n a H O B
1976, 144— 162;
paHeHbi TOJibKO
cejibCKOH MecTHocTH, pacnojioxceHHott B/jauH
b
iiiHX r o p o flo ß . H a
hhx
ot
ß ojib -
roß op H T TOJibKO CTapuice noKOJicHHe (jiio flH CTap-
rne 50 JieT).
2. H a H ß o jie e o6biHHbiM epefleTBOM oßujeHHa
pj\n c p eflH e ro noKojicHHH
b aepeBHe (3 0 — 50 JieT) cjiyacHT TaK Ha3biBaeMoe n a n y p p a o (c h a p u rra o ) —
KacTHjiH3HpoBaHHa« (jjopM a rajiH CH ftcK oro. B r o p o fle w an yp p ao kbk hck jik jH H Te;ibH oe
epeAeTBO oömeHHH xa p a K T ep H o /uia c T a p iu e ro
noKOJiCHHa b
p aß oM H x c e M b a x . C peflH ee H*MOJio,zioe noKOJieHHe p a ß o w ix h BCe noKOJiCHHa
H H 3 u iero c n o a c p e A H e il 6 y p * y a 3 H H flB ya3 H H H bi, T.e. BJiaAeioT KacTHjibc khm
h n an ypp ao. B q e p e B H a x M o j i o f l o e noKOJieHHe TaKxce nocTeneHHO o b / ih a c-
BaeT KaCTHJlbCKHM.
K acTpano (castrapo, cas-
3. rajiHCH3HpoBaHHbiü KacTHjibCKHÜ a3biK —
te ja n o ) HBjiaeTca HopM ajibHbiM cpeacTBOM oßm eHHa a h « ro p o ß C K H X jk h tcjie fi, eflHHOTBeHHbiM cpeACTBOM fljia cp eq H efi 6 y p * y a 3 H H h noHTH eßHHCTBeHHbiM cpeqcTBOM xuih MejiKofi ßyp*ya3H H h M H orn x paöoHHX [Rabanal
1967, 18].
JJaHHbie, coßpaH H bie b r. C a H T ia r o -^ e -K o M n o c T e jia h e ro oxpccTh o c t « x b 1975 r., cBHêTejibCTByioT o 'ß o jib iu e M pacnpocTpaHeHHH nanyppao
no
cpaBHeHHio
c
K acTpano
[G a r c ia
1976,
339 — 342].
K.
Tapcna
noqpoß H O o n n c a ji 0CH0BHbie oeoßeH H oeTH n a n yp p a o. Baw H eftiiiH e H3 h h x —t
3 t o ocjia6jieH H e npoTHBonocTaBJieHHa <t>OHeM /e/ h /e/ , / o/ h'/o/ b nojib3y
O T K p biT b ix rjiacH bix KaK p e3yjibTaT 3aMeHbi M H orn x rajiHCHHCKHX c jiob Kac-
THJibCKHMH, KOJie6aHHa b p o fle cym ecTBHTenbHbix; a le ite , a sal, o pon tp,
o d o r BMecTO o le ite , o sal, a p o n te , a d o r, p e r y j i a p H a a npeijo3HUHa
6e3yaap H b ix
(])opM
v e u o , m a n d ö u lle ,
cym ecTB yiom H X
‘ T e fie ’ h te
jihhhm x
m cctoh m ch h ü :
ynoTpeßjieH H e
o
K a c T H jib c k hx
veu ,
Ile
m a n d öu
(J)opM c u io
b m c c to
h quenes, hc
b rajincnftcKOM , fie3pa3JiHHHoe ynoTpeßjieH H e $ p p M che
‘ T e ß a ’, onym eH H e o n p efle jie H H o ro apTH Kjia n e p e q npHTaxca-
TejibHbiMH npHjiaraTenbHbiM H, MHoroHHCJieHHbie KacTHJiH3Mbi b ra a r o jib H u x
(J)opMax
h T.,q. [G a r c ia
1976,
336— 338].
OcofieHHO
BejiHKO, kohcmho,
BJlHaHHe KaCTHJlbC KOTO B oßjiaCTH J1CKCHKH, KOTOpoe yCHJIHJIOCb B n o c jieflHne aecHTHJieTHa b cBa3H c pacnpocTpaH eH H eM epefleTB M accoB oö h h (J>opMai;HH, noBbimeHHeM ypoBHa rpaM0TH0CTH Ha KacTHjibc kom , ß b icT p oro
H3MeHeHHa TpaflHHHOHHoro yKJiaqa * h 3h h . BM ecTe c npe^M eTaM H C Taporo
6 b iT a Hcwe3aeT o rp o M H o e k o jih h c c tb o rajiHcnftcKHX c jio b , Ha CMeHy k o t o pblM BMeCTe C HOBbIMH npeflM eT3M H npHXOflaT KaCTHJIbCKHe. 3 T 0 OTHOCHTCa
npe*A e
Bcero
k Ha3B‘aHHaM
hobhx
T0Bap0B, p eajin aM H3 c4>epu TpaHC-
nop Ta, apMHH , r o p o q c K o K * h 3 h h . O ß H aK o h caM bie oßbiw Hbie rajiHCHÖCKHe cjiOBa M o r y T 3aMeHaTbca KacTHjibckhm h: escoba b m c c to b asoira
‘ uiB aßpa’, c u c h ilo b m c c to c o ite lo ‘ h o * ’ , gü e vo s b m c c to o v o s ‘ aftua’,
g a rg a n ta b m c c to g o r x a ‘ m o T K a ’.n u c a b m c c to calu g a ‘ 3aTbuioK’;,3a6biBaK)Tca
rajiHCHHCKne
Ha3BaHHa
flHeß
Hefle/iH h M ecaqeB, TaKHe cjiOBa,
KaK
a b ö ‘ a c a ’, D eu s ‘ ß o r ’, fra d e ‘ MOHax’. TeM He MeHee (J)OHeTHHecKaa h rpaM M a T H n ec Kaa C T p y K T y p a
ranHCHÖCKHX r o ß o p o B c o x p a H a e T yqHBHTejibHyio
ycToÖMHßocTb h OKasuBaeT nocToaH H oe BjinaHHe Ha pa3roB opH bifi jKacTHJibc k h ö a3biK b r a jiH C H H [G a r c ia 1974, I — I I I ] .
B3aHMOnOHHTHOCTb KaCTHJlbC KOTO H rajIHCHÖCKOTO H3MKOB oßyCJIOBHJia HHTeHCHBHOCTb KOHTaKTOB M OKfly HHMH, HaHajTO KOTOpblX MOÄHO
OTHecTH k KOHqy X V III b., K o rfla b T a jin c H io HanajiH nepecejiHTbca
n p O M b lU IJie H H H K H
H
H 3 A P y fH X
KO M M CpCäH Tbl
paHOHOB
P ic n a H H H .
XOTH
n p H e 3 * H e r o B o p n j i H Ha o ö m h h o m K a c TH jib c k o m H 3b iK e, h x fle T H , ü o c t o h h h o o 6 m a » c b c rajiH C H H C k h m H a c e jie H H e M , n o c Te n e H H O BO cnpH H H JiH m h o t h c
raJIHC HHC KO rO
H epTbl
H 3 b IK a
CBH 3 H c 3THM
B
jie K C H K e .
K a c T H jib c k o to «
3 biKa
(J)OHeTHKe,
B
m o jk h o
c h h te k c h c c
M o p < j)o jr o r H H ,
ro B o p H Tb
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1976, 251
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b
nOflJIHHHOM C0UH ajlbH0-3K0H 0M H4eCK 0M OCBOÖOHCfleHHH TpyflHmHXCH T ajlH —
o cu o B H b ix HOCHTejieß rajiHCHHCKoro H3biKa [Rodriguez 1976a,
Garcia Negro 1980, 53 — 55 ].
B 60-e h 70-e r o ^ b i n o jiy n a e T pa3BH TH e rajiHCHHC K o e Ji3biK03HaHne.
ch h
237;
FIpoßêM aTH K a J iH T e p a T y p H o r o H3biica p a c c M a T p H B a e T c » b CTaTbux, nyßjiHK yeM b ix HcypHajiOM
"G rial” , a TaKHce
b O T ß e jib H b ix H ccjieôB aH H H X
III. A j i o h -
c o M o H T e p o , P . K a p ß a jib o K a jie p o , 111.M . A jiß a p e c a K a K K a M O , X . X . M o p a jie x o A jiß a p e c a h q p .
C 1974 r. y H H B epcH TeT C a H T ia r o -q e -K o M n o c T e -
jib i H3^ a e T e * e r o f l H H K ” V e r b a ” . A n u a r io G a lle g o de F ilo lo g ia , b k o t o p o m
n yß jiH K y ioT C H CTaTbH n o (JjoHeTHKe, (j)0H 0Ji0rH H , rp a M M a T H K e h jieKCHKe He
TOJibKO rajIHCHHCKOrO, HO H A p y r H X
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p n a jib i h B bicoK H H HayMHbiH y p o ß e H b HCCJieqoBaHHH c flejia jiH 3 t o t w y p H a ji
OflHHM H3 HHTepeCHeHIUHX HCypHajIOB n o pOM3HCKOH (JlHJIOJlOrHH. B KanecTB e
npHjio>KeHHH
k « K e r o f lH H K y
on yß jiH K O B a H a
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cep n a n peß oc-
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h jih o x ^ e jib H b iM a c n e K T a M
rp a M M a T H n e c K o fi c h c t c m h
rajiH C H H C K oro
H3 b IK a .
J ],jjh rajiH C H H C k oh 4 )H J io n o r H H T p a ^ H i;H O H H b iM H B jifleT C H o c o ß b i f i H H T e p e c
k
n p o ß jie M a M
CKO M
flOBaHHÖ:
Hbix
jieK C H K O JiO TH H
H3bl K 0 3H 3 H H H
3TO
h s th m o jio fh h ; h b c o ß p e M e H H O M r a jiH C H Ö -
33M C TH O
OnHCaHHH
n p e o ß jia fla H H e
JieKC H KH
O T fle jlb H b lX
JieKCHKOJlO TH H eCKH X
TO B O p O B ,
HCCJie-
npO (J)eC C H O H ajlb-
onHcaHHH O TqejibH bix jie K C H K o -c e M a H T H M e c K H X rpynn
[Bas Löpez 1980; Brea 1980; 1981; Couceiro 1974; 1976;
Enriquez 1974; Fraga Garcia 1975; Garcia 1974; 1980; 1981; Garcia Alin
1977; Otero 1977, Pcnas Patifio 1976; 1977; 1980; Rios Panisse 1977]); h c c j i e q o B a H H f l no a H T p o n o H H M H H h T o n o i i H M H H [M ora lejo Laso 1976; 1977a, b ;
1978; 1979; 1980; Piel 1975; 1979a, c]. M H o ro M H C J ie H H b ie S T H M O J io rH H ec K H e
»a p ro H O B
h jih
(c m . , H a n p H M e p ,
U IT y flH H n y ß jlH K y iO T C H He TO JibK O ra jlH C H Ü C K H M H , h o h 3apy6e>KHbiMH (J)H-
jio jio ra M H ( c m ., HanpHMep, [Buschmann 1965; Meier 1977; 1981; Pensado
1978; 1980; Piel 1978; 1979b]17.
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C n c T e M a la jm c u t t c K o i o n o K iiim im ii i i i * u p c impiiiim uh iiih iiiii
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o 6 H a p y * H B a e T c « ccm i. i j iiu iii. ix
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iio p c iK o
01 iio p iy r u jiiiC N o ll, ii«»«'m <iiii.kv n iim iu u IU h o m o r c y r c n i y w T
HOCOBbie rjia c m .ic .
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ii iiiiim|miii |n| km iin«' i « m o i k|ii.i i mm i j i u c h m m
n e p e ^ H e r o p a f l a . C t c i i c i i i . o i Kp i.i i m 1i ii n i t p i . M p y r i i m h i i i i j i c k i h m . H k o h c h h o h 6 e 3 yfla p H o fi n o im jH H
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cp.:
n p o n c x o A H T ? ’; l i c l a r o ! fk l ( j : r o j h c h o ! ’
h b jih c tc h
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1976,
1 9 7 7 , 1 4 , 1 5 ; 1 0 4 , 1 0 5 ],
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3ByMHT [e ] , 3 He [ i ] [ V e i g 3
A ria s
19 7 6 , 4 9 ].
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KaK i, i: f i o f f i o ] ‘ HHTb\ ig i m l [ i y w d l ] ‘ p aB H b ift’, p in t e g a [ p i n t e y a ] ‘ c 3 ji3 M 3 H A P 3 ’ .
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B e p x H e ro iio at> cm 3 , o ry ß ^ e H H b m . B a pH a TH B H ocTb
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K aK 3 TO H 3 6 n iO A 3 eTCfl B n 0 p T y r 3 JIbCK 0 M . rp a(])H M eC K H H 3 0 6 p 3 HC3 e T -
KaK e, e: c h e o |[tJe 9 ] j ‘ n o jiH b iH ’, c o r u f ie s [ k o r u r j e s ] ‘ »CHTejib J la K o p y H b H ’
[ l-'n riciu ez 1 9 7 6 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 5 ; C s r b s l l o C a l e r o
<t> II II 0 M a
jzj.
n e p c A iic i'«* p « A a c p e A H e r o n o A t e M S .
nott immuiiM, o ju ia K o
«P o iirM n
1966, 4 1 ; P o r t o
OcHOBHOH B a p H 3 H T [ g ] —
b
D spena
1 9 7 7 , 17],
OMeHb O T K p b lT b lfi r jia c H b ifi
BCTpeMaeTCH b y A a p H o fi h n p e A y A s p -
n o c jie A H e ü n p 0 H 3 H 0 C H T C a M eH ee o T K p b iT b ift BapHSHT.
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|n|tulf |‘ Koiir*iii(>’. rNi|iicnccr [eskenGer] ‘ 336biB aT b’, e v o c a r [E ß o k ä r ] ‘BcnoM H•iii 11." |( 'mbiillii. Cnlrm l()66, 40, 41; Enriquez 1976, 129,130; Porto DaN d tricH ,
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m 6 e 3 y fla p H O H
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c o c in a
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(0 e # o ]
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a m a llö n
[a m a y < 5 ij]
1966, 42; E n r iq u e z 1974,
KOJKaHbiii u iH y p o K a jih oß yB H * [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o
133; P o r t o D a p e n a 1977, 17].
^ O H e M a
/o/. OcHOBHOÜ B apnaH T [o ] —
oTK pbiTbifi rjracHbiS 3aflH ero
c p e A H e ro - n o flie M a , oryßjieH H bifi. B cT p e n a eT ca b yqap H oft h n p e ß y fla p H o ß no3Hi;HH; KaK h (JioHCMa /o /, h c KJifoneHa b 3ayi;apHOM cjio re .
p a fla
B 6 e 3 y ^ a p H o ß no3HUHH p e a jin s y e T c a MeHee OTKpbiTbiH BapnaHT. Tpa<})HnecKH H 3 o 6 p ajK aeT C », KaK h (J)OHCMa /o/, rpaifieMaMH o h
o: ro d a [r ä # a ]
‘ ko-
Jieco’, h o m a z o [om äG o ] *My>KH>iHiia’,U 6 ra [ f ä r a ] ‘ cHapyacH’ [C a r b a llo C a le ro
1966, 4 2 ; E n riq u e z 1974, 132, 133; P o r to D a p e n a 1977, 15— 21],
H a H 6 o J ib u ie ü
o 6 n a fla io T
(jjynKU HOHajibHott
b y a a p H o fl
iio ih iih h ,
ripoTH BonocTaB JieH H c rjia c iib ix
T OC T H /
K p b lT O C T H
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rjiaciibie
b
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KaK
p r ^ s a ‘ c n e r n K a ’, v e n ‘ n p H -
d^ce ‘ c j i a f l K H ß ’ bos ‘ x o p o -
li pO T HB OI IO C Ta B Ji ai OT CH
boctoh h w x
<j)OHeMbi
Bce ceM b (J joh cm .
B binO JlHH eT Ba)KHyK> CMblCJIO-
p a 3 J i H H H T C J ib H y > o 4>yi<k iihk> ; c p . : p r ? s a ‘ l o p c T b ’ —
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n oA êM a n o n p H 3 H a K y OTKpbi-
cp e;u iero
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roB opax,
y T p H p o B a m io e
h to
B npOH3HO-
^kh tcjihm h
npoH3Hom eHHe
qpyrH X
[C o u c e ir o
1977, 105].
^To
KaCaeTCH
3aHMCTBOBaHHÖ
cyTCTByioT rjiacHbie /e/
H3
h /o / , t o
KaCTHJlbCKOPO,
111.A .
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o t k p w t o , x o th bo m hothx cjiynaax OTKpbiToe hjih 3aKpbiToe np0H3H0uieHHe M O *e T ßbiTb 06 ycji 0 BjieH0 aH anorneß, ycTaHaBUHBaeviofi Meamy
KacTHjibckhmh 3aHMCTB0 BaHHaMH H cxoflHbiMH no <j)opMe h CMMCjiy ra jihchhckhm h cjiOBaMH [P o r t o D a p e n a 1977, 15].
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H CJI.].
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B 3a H M 0 A e f l c T B H c
x a p a K T c p im
6 m jio
3 a !K p b iT b ix
(j)O H eM
r o M y h jih
C a n ru M apH H bi
b
A «y x
c h c tc m
orey T eT B H e
i i p e ;t y A a p H o i i
Ü 03H U H H ; b h o b o h * e C H C T e M e b p e 3 y j i b T a T e A e ö c T B H a a H a jio r H H (JjOHeM Hbiü
cocTaB
c ji0 B 0 < })0 p M
C TpeM H Tca o c T a T b c a
TO J K A ecT B eH H b iM b o
B ce ft n a p a A H r M e c n p a x c e H H a .
H e c H C T e M H a a
B a p r H a T H B H o c T b
r u a c H b i x .
H ecH C TeM H aa Bapw a-
THBHOCTb r j i a c H b i x , T . e . p 3 3 H b IH (J)O H eM H b IH C O C T a B O A H H X H T e x * e C JIO B O fjlO pM ^
He
CBa3aHHblß CO C M b IC J IO B b IM H
C T p orn x
H opM
b
jiH T e p a T y p H O M
p a 3J IH H H H M H ,
a s b iic e
h,
O Ö y C J IO B J ie H a
ecTecTB eH H O ,
b n p o c T o p e H H H . J l H T e p a T y p H b i f i a 3 b iK c T p y A O M
b
O TC yTC TB H eM
A H aneK Tax
h
n p n o 6 p e T a e T H a A A H a jie K T -
H b iü x a p a K T e p h n o n a a j i « H e r o o 6 m h h m m a B j i a e T c a c o c y m e c T B O B a H H e < j> opM
H3
p a 3 H b IX
06
” HHTepAHajieKTHOM", a
A H a jie K T O B ,
B CB8 3 H
He
C H eM
rajlH C H Ü C K H e J IH H r B H C T b l r o B o p a T
H a A A H a jie K T H O M
xapaK Tepe c o B p e M e H H o r o
jiH x e p a T y p H o ro a s u i c a . O a h 3 k o KOJie6 aHHa b o r j i a c o B l K e c j i o b o ( J ) o p m x a p a K TepHbi h AJi» OTAenbHbix A n a j i e K T O B h ro B o p o B ; o h h n p o a B iia io T c a T a K * e
Ha ypoBHe h a h o j i c k t b .
b
B apH aTH B H ocTb
i i o 3 H i;h h
y a a p H o fi
n p H B e c T H f l 0 C T a T 0 HH 0
Ta K
He
h h c jio
6 o jib u io e
B e jiH K a ;
Bce * e
m o jk h o
T a k h x c jiy n a e B : e n tr e / a n tre ‘ m k k -
f l y ’, e s te / is te ‘ s t o t ’, f o x e / f u x e ‘ o h y 6 e r a e T ’, a ir a / e ir a ‘ r y M H o ’, c o ite lo / c u ite lo
‘ h o * ’, l o u r o / l o i r o ‘ 6 e jiO K y p b iö ’.
B 6 e 3 y fla p H b ix c j io r a x , o c o 6 c h h o b n p e a y A a p H b ix , B a p H a T H B H o c Tb r jia c
H b ix B e jiH K a . *Ia m e B c e ro a jib T e p H H p y io T / a/ h / e/ h j ih / e / , / a/ h / 0 / , / e/ h
/0/
/ i/ ,
h
/ u / : e n t r o id o / a n t r o id o
‘ K a p H a B a ji’, n ü m e r o / n ü m a r o
‘ h h c jio ’,
d e s p ö is / d is p ö is ‘ n 0 T 0 M ’, p in te g a / p in tig a ‘c a jia M a H flp a ’, c o rru n c h o / c u r ru n c h o
‘ y r o j i ’;
,/ i/
TaKxce
/0/
a jib T e p H H p y io T
/ 0 /: p ir m e ir o / p o r m e ir o
h
h o c jih b ’,
/ e/
/ 0 /:
h
/a /:
h
b a c o i/ b o c o l ‘ BH H H a a
‘ iie p B b ifi’, / i/
t e m p e r ä n / tc m p o r ä n
6 o H K a ’,
/ u /: b r in o la / b r u n o la
h
‘ p a H H H Ö ’.
‘ nep-
3th x
M c c jie q o B a H H e
(JioHeTHM ecKHX a y ß jie T O B n p e A C TH B JiH c r ß o jib iu o t t H H Te p e c a jih c p a B H H T e jib :HO -HC TO pHHeC KO rO H 3 bl K 0 3 HHHHM, T H K KUK I I 0 3 B 0 J1HCT B h IH B H Tb M H B b ie Te H fle H U H H (J)OHeTHHeCKOrO p a iB H T H H , 0/(1111 KO IICpCJl JIH III'B H C Ta M H , 3aHHM aiOiu h m h c h B b ip a ö o T K o ft j im e p u T y p iio f l iio p M b i, c t o h t H e jie rK a a 3aâM a o T 6 o p a
Ta k h x B a p n aiiT O B , K o ro p i.ie h iiu H M C H b in c tt CTeneHH 6 m jih 6 bi O T a ro m e H b i
A H a jie K T H b iM H h jih n p o c T o p c H iib iM H K o i i i i o T a i(h h m h .
1976, 149—
153] O T M cn a cT , h t o
H a H 6 o jie e 3 a M C TH b i b p e n n c T a p u ie ro
KOJieHHH
(j)OpMbl
c 6 ojlC e
M. 3 h p h K e c [Enriquez
K o jie 6 aHHH b Te M Ö p e 6 e 3 y A a p H b ix rjia c H b ix
penn M jia ß iu e r o no-
n o K o jie H H » ; b
O T K p b lT b IM
TJiaC H blM
KOMHHeC KHH
B b I3 b IB a K )T
3 4 >4 >CKT.
B a p H a T H B H o c T b (JjopM bi m o jk c t T a K * e n p o H C T e K a T b H 3 o n y m e H H « b p a 3r o B o p H o fi
penn
p a ra/ p ra
6 e 3y ^ a p H o r o
C0 H a H T 0 M
h
jia c H o fi
/ r /;
‘ flJ ia ’ , C o r u f i a / C r u n a
B flH a jie K T a x n a c To
fljm
o 6 y b h ’.
Ha
TaK
c o r jia c H b ifi,
n p o T e 3a
M O j i j i i o c K a ’,
y ^ a p H b if i
a -:
KaK p e r o / p r o
-e
‘ h o ’,
1977, 115].
‘ o 6 i>e 3 A\ a v i -
‘ KOHcaHbift p e M e u i o K
b
AH<}>TOHr:
h jih
D apen a
(a r )r o d e o
(a )m a llö n
n a p a ro rn n e c K o e
rjia c H b iH
cm m hhoh c o r -
M OKAy
B a p n a H T b i,
‘ JTa K o p y H b a ’, [ P o r t o
o6 whho
*e
Ta K H e
B C Tpen aeTc»
‘ p a 3 H O B H flH O C Tb
n e ir a / v ie ir a
b n o 3 H i{H H
r jia c H o r o
O T C iO A a
cjiOBax c h c x o a o m
m u lle r (e )
‘ » e H iu H H a ’,
1966,
f ä c i l ( e ) ‘ j ie r K H Ü ’, p a i ( e ) ‘ o T e u ’, c o r a z ö n ( h e ) ‘ c e p A U e ’ [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o
53].
B ce
3 th
H B jie H H »
b
CTeneHH M o r y T HaxoflHTb oTpaaceHHe b
pa3H O H
3 ä B H C H T O T H H A H B H Jty a jlb H O H Ma-
H 3bIK e XyflOHCeCTBeHHOH J iH T e p a T y p b i, HTO
H e p w n n c a Te n H .
H B JI e H H H, B 0 3 H H K a K ) U ( H C
O oH eTH H eC K H e
peiH.
3h»
H a H Ö o jie e
r jia c H b ix ,
K aeT
B onpoc,
TaK
B a * H b iM
KaK
H3
tb k h x
npn co3flaHHH
h b jic h h H
B b in a jt e iiH H
H biM n o c j i e A y i o i n e r o c j i o b u .
k o h c h h o io
H u H ß o jic e m h c to
o r p u iK it n .
i jiiic h o io
u ie
M epe
bo3hh-
ir n c b M e
c jio B a
m ho-
nepea m ac-
l e r i d o s d 'a e i d e n t e ‘ paH eH -
tu n ih n -u , - o : m i r a p r ' e l a ‘ o h c m o t p h t
M R C H H IO I*. Kl»|>0*lJI».«* K lIJ IP p o | l u M
b jiH T e p a T y p n o M
iio p M
na
B
s jih -
* Ic h I'ii Im in ilin ' i h m i c m i . h ’, v e n d 'a s ü a f i l l a ‘ b h a * c b o k >
H a n e e ’, t o d a u liu n ilin
H O H b’. r i o
r it K t t r
C J IO B
u m jiH p y e T C H - e n e p e q a - , e -,
o - , u -: d i q u ' e s p e r o u q u i | ‘ c k id k h , m to n h cav
H b ie b K a T a c T p o (J )c ’; r o ’im o jk h h
C T bl K e
opi|>orpu(|)HHecKHx
b K a K o fi C T e n e H H h c o 6 x o a h m o
r o H H C jie H H b ie c jiy n a H
HU
n p e ;ic iu B jin e T C J i
n p o H iiio m r iiH ii.
p a c n p o c T p a H c iiH H
im tu .m m
>ic m
hi chhh
b
Ha
* e , 5 9 — 61 j , 3JIH3HÜ M e H b -
n pocTopeH H O M , n 0 3 T 0 M y
rajiHCHHC k o m
no
h h c jio : 3J1H3HH
AOJI5KHO yM e Hb LUH Tb C H .
flp y r H M
p a c n p o c T p a H e iu iM M
jia e T c « 3n eH Te3a [ j ]
Ae
B ce ro
BH yTpH
h h jic iih c m
npw c tc h c iih h
c jio B a ,
b
c h h t3 k c h h c c k o h
y ^ a p H o fi h H e y a a p H o ß
p c iy jib r a T e
n ero
( J io h c t h k h
»b -
r jia c H o fi, n p e * -
o 6 p a 3 y H )T c a T a K H e (])O H eT H -
n ec K n e A y 6 jie T w , K aK a ld e a / a ld e ia ‘ f lc p c B H » ’, c c o / c c i o ‘ H e 6 o \ r e a l/ r e ia l * k o p ojieB C K H Ü ’, p e o r / p c i o r ‘ x y * e ’. '3 n e H T e 3 a [ j ] n poH C X O ^H T tu k m c n p n n p n c o e AHHeHHH 3HKJlHTHWeCKHX (JlOpM JIHMHblX M eC TO H M dlH tt .K UIUIOJIBM! d ä io s
‘oh
hx
a a e T ’, t e r ä ia
‘ oh
6 y fle T
ee
Ha c t u k c c j i o * •»iicH T eia [ j ]
H M eT b ’.
n p o H c x o flH T n a m e B c e r o n p n CTeneHHH flB y x a : a a lm a >
u in lm u ‘ A y iu a ’,
n a a lb a > n a ia lb a ‘ Ha 3 a p e ’; p e » e n p n CTeneHHH A p y r n x n ia c iih ix : u i p o c a >
a id p o c a
‘ s n o x a ’, a o u t r a >
a io u tr a
‘ A p y r a * ’. S n e H T C jo [ j ] n e m bjih ctch
06 a 3a T e jib H 0 H, h o m o h c c t H a x o A H T b o T p a x ceH H e Ha nHCbM e. B h o c t o i h u x
r o B o p a x H a 6 jiK > A a e T ca 3neH T e3 a [ w ] h jih [ ß ] :
c h a m ä b a u a 'o n e e i » a J i ’ [T a M
* e , 51, 52],
B pa3roBopH ofi penn Ha6;iK>AaeTCH 3neHTe3a [ i ] hjih [e ] MexcAy corjiachwm hJb KyjibTH3Max: advertir/adevertir ‘ 3aMeHaTb’, adm itir/adem itir ‘a o 1
nycKaTb’. 3 t o
«BjieHHe nacTo HaxoAHT oTpaaceHHe b nncbM eHHofl pewH.
TaKJKe 3neHTe3a [ i ] nponcxoAHT b kohchhom cjiore M e *A y coniacH ofl
h kohchhoh rjiacHoii: q uim era/qu im eria ‘xH M epa’, n outurno/nouturn io
‘hoh h oh ’. 3 t h
(jjOHeTHnecKHe AyßJieTbi cjieAyeT OTJinnaTb o t sth m o jio fh -
HeCKHX AyÖJieTOB, TAe HaAHHHe HJIH OTCyTCTBHe [ i ] 06 yCJI0 BJieH0 pa3HbImh
nyTHMH
pa3BHTHH
oAHoro
h
T o ro
»ce
cjiOBa:
fo rc ia/fo rza
‘cHjia’,
pazo /p acio *3äMOK’ [T a M * e , 52].
COHAHTbl
O oH eM a
/j / b n o jio * e H H H
(J)pHKaTHBHbifi
cpeA H eH e6 H b iH
/j /»//w / H ^ H O T O H r H
n e p e A rjia c H b iM
c o r jia c H b iß
[j];
p e a jiH 3 y e T C «
b n o jio »e H H H
KaK 3 b o h k h ü
n o c jie
r jia c -
H o r o 3ByHHT o c ^ a 6 jie H H b iß B a p n aH T [ i ] , x a p a K T e p H 3 y io m H H C H 6 o jie e iu n p o k o h m e jib io M e)K A y c p e A H e ü n a c T b io H3biKa h h c 6 o m . <J>oHeMa [ w ] T a K * e
npeAC TaBJieH a A ß y M « a j u i 0 <{>0 HaMH: n e p e A rjia c H b iM p e a jiH 3 y e T C » Bapwa'HT
[ w ] — 3B0HKHH (jjpH KaTH BH biü r y 6 H 0 - r y 6 H 0 fi c o r jia c H b ift, b nojiOMceHHH n o c jie
r j ia c H o r o
B b ic T y n a io T B a pn aH T b i [ u ] , [ o ] , x a p a K T e p H 3 y jo m H e c a M eH ee h h -
TeHCHBHbiM O K p y rjie H H e M r y 6 .
H e c jio r o B o f i x a p a K T e p 4>oHeM / j/ h /w / n 0 3 B 0 jia e T o t h c c t h h x K c o r jia c hhm
(J)OHeMaM, T eM
He
M eH ee
h x con eTaH H H c rjia cH b iM H
H M e H y io T c a AH(J)TOHraMH [ P o r t o D a p e n a 1977, 119, 120]3.
H3biKa x a p a K T e p H b i h h c x o a h ih h c AHtJiTOHrn [ a i ] ,
[e ^ ], [o y ],
O T K p b iT b iH
xapaK Tep [e ]
no3HUHH [E n r iq u e z
6 e3 yA a p H O Ü
h [o ]
1974,
n o TpaAHUHH
ra jiH C H flc K o ro
[ e i ] , [o i], [ u i ] , [ o j ; [a y ] ,
b A H ^ T O H ra x coxpaHHeTcn h b
139]: c p u s a ‘ B em b’, c ^ t e l o
‘ homc’,
l? ir a ‘ n a u iH « ’, m ^ ir a n d e ‘ 6 o jib u iH H ’. O T M e n a e T c s t c h a c h u h h n p ta p a u ta T b b
AHtjjTOHrH c o n e T a H H « [ ä e ] , [ ö e ] b k o h c h h o m n ojion ceH H H : c a e / c a i ‘ n a A a e T ’,
r o e / r o i ‘ r p b i3 e T ’, s a e / s a i ‘ b m x o a h t ’ h T .n ! [ G a l e g o 1977, 11]. H a ß jiw A a io T c a H ecHCTeM H bie HepeAOB^HHH AH<t>T0 H r 0 B [ u j ] — [ o j j h [ o j j — [ o y ] ;
lo jia/lu ita
‘ 6 o p b 6 a ’, l o i r o / l o u r o ‘ ö e jio K y p b iH ’.
BocxoAHm ne
(b
a h ^ t o h i -h
MeHee xapaKTepHbi
ajih
rajiHCHflcKoio: |ja], [je]
6e3yAapHOM cjio re), [ j e ] (b yAapHOM cjiore), [ju ],
[j o ]
(n firiyAapHOM
cjiore), [j o ] (b yAapHOM cjiore), [w a ], [w e ] (b 6e3yAupnoM c j i o i c ) , [w e ] (b
’ A a iiiib ic
pcH H ,
o
K O J iH H e c T B e h
K anecTB e
ii0-BH;iHM0My, Ha6JHOflaiOTca
cchhh c o 'i c T B H H a
1976, 59, 69. 70],
flB y x
3 J ie M e H T O B
^H(j>TOHroB
p u iii«rc «
K O J ie 6 a H H R ■ c r c n c i m
KaK
o flM H
h jih
m
M ni
npn
<
«n to p y ,
KaK b
npoH3He|Veiga Arias
TaK
n m p k i m r i i i | r | ii |n| n b
i 'i i o t » ,
i'M ,
iim ip H M r p .
y/japnoM
c n o re ),
[w i ] ,
[w p 1
].
^H(J)TOHrH
c [w ]
HHoryja
npoH3H0CHTC« c
[u ] h jih c [ o ] , T.e. c o c jia ö o fi cTeneH bio ory6jieH H ocT H n e p ß o ro sjieMeHTa,
h t o H axoflH T OTpaxceHHe Ha nncbM e: lin g o a
B M ecTO
o
3H
b ueno*‘ x o p o u io ’
an aT b,
( K a c T H J iH
3M
).
b m c c to
lin g u a ‘ h 3 w k ’, b o e n o
B M ecTe c t c m H anncaHHe o a , o e mohcct
h t o 3 th coneTaHHH n p oH 3 H oc«T cii CKopee KaK con eT aH H « flB yx
c jio r o B b ix rjiacHbix, T.e. c 3HflHHeM. M a jia « y n o T p e 6 H T e ; i b H o c T b h h c x o a h mnx flH(J)T0Hr0B CBH3aHa c TeM, h t o n p H cTeneHHH 6 e3 y q a p H bix [ i ] h [u ]
c yâpHbiM H rjiacHbiMH o 6 m h h o 06pa30BaHHii AH(J)TOHra He npoHcxo/jHT
h c o x p a H a e T c a 3 H »H H e : fi-ar ‘ npncTb\ lu - a r ‘ j i y H H b i i i c b c t ’ , v i-a x a r ‘ nyTem ecTBOBaTb’. M o r y T 6 u T b h BapnaHTbi
n p o H
3H
o u ie H H H
c jjH({>T0Hr0M hjih
c 3hhhhcm : li-o rta h jih lio r - ta ‘ 6 o p b 6 a ’.
TpH(J)TOHrH npHcyTCTByioT TOJibKO b (JjopM ax I h 3 ji. e a . h. neptjieKTa
rjia r o jiO B ,
oxaHHHBaiomHXCSi
H3MeHHJi’, c a m b iö u ‘ o h
b
h h < })hh hthb c
11a
-iar,
-u ar:
c a m b id i
'«
h3m chhji\ accntudi ‘ h n o j i H c p K H y j i ’, a c e n t u ö u ‘ o h
noflH epK H yji ’ . O a h b k o cc jih b h ik ^ h iih th b c e c T b j m h i i h c , t o o h o c o x p a H H e T C H
b o b c c x 4>opM ax h TpH(|)TOHra iic o ß p a iy c T c « : a f i - a r ‘ HaTaHHBaTb’, a f i - ö u ‘ o h
HaTOHHJi*. C jio b b THna fie ito ‘ n an o p o T H H K ’, v ie ir o ‘ T p o n a ’ n p 0 H 3 H 0 C » T C H c
flH(j)T 0 H r 0 M: fi-e ito , v i-e iro .
C oH C T aH H ü
jik >
6u
x
A p y rH x
r j ia c iib ix ,
K p o M e
[ i ] h [u ],
B ce rq a
/ jB y c jio a c H b i:
xe-ar ‘Mopo3HTb’, cho-cr ‘oropaacHBaTb’.
C O r J I A C H b lE
T o H H o e o n p e a e jie H H e
3a
H e C K O JIb K O
k o to p u x
H b lX
3B
T p yA H eH
yko b .
B
0
«D O H E M b l
K O J iH n e c T B a c o r j i a c H b i x
B B H ßy
1
T a ö ji.
( j) O H e M r a j i H C H H C K o r o »
3b i K
a
pa3 JI HH H0 H <}>OHOJIOrHHeCKOH T p a K T O B K H H e n p e q c T a B J ie H a
"cH C T e M a -M a K C H M y M ”
c o m a c -
4> O H e M .
OHeMbi
Ipj
(rpa4>H H ecK H p ),
/1/ (rpa<{)H H ecKH t), /k/ (rpa<J)HHecKH c
n e p e fl a, o, u h qu n e p e a e h i ) H CK jiioHaioTCH b a 6 c o jiK )T H O M H e x o d e cjioBa,
KaK h h x 3BOHKHe K o p p e jia T b i. < to H e M a /b/ (rp a (})H H e c K H b, v ) H M eeT, KaK
Ta
Cnoco6 06-
paiOBaHHH
ryÖHoryÖHue
C m u h h u c p, b
lUc^CBbJC w
A<|>4>PH k aTM
H ocoBbie
E
o ko bu c
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54
ryÖHo3y6Hbie
M ccto o6paio*miHN
Mc*3y6- lyßHbic aükRVo
jin piikir iirftm.ir
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cpeAH«ueÖHbie
0
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k, g
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0
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1
h b HcnaHCKOM, cm hi mmbiß [b ] h mtJicBott |(t| impnaMii.1, pacupeACJieHHe
KOTopbix coB epu ieiM io aHa/iOTHMHO hciiuiickhm . T iik w c <|)omcmii /d/ (rpacJ)HnecKH d ) p e a jiH jy e r c a AByMa a ju i0 (J)0 HaMH [ d j H [ Ö|, AHi'ipHßyuMH KOTopwx
aHajiorHHHa cooTBeTCTByiom HM HcnaHckhm m y kum.
O o H e M a / g/ (rp a ^ H n ecK H g n e p e A a , o , u h c o i jihcmi.imh, u ii u c p c n c 11 i)
H M e e T a ju io ({)O H b i [ g ] h [ 7 ], ä H a jio r H H H b ie n c n a H C K H M . H iiiniiam oII mojkiiimmc
T a jiH C H H H a ö J iio A a e T c a npH M enaTejibH oe (fo H e T H M C c ic o e nnjiciihc, c o c io h iu c c
B T O M , HTO H a MeCTe [ g ] HJIH [ y ] npO H 3H O C H TC H 3 B y K, IIO X O M H N im KMC I HJII.CKHH
[ x ],
HO
He
H fleH T H H H b lH
eM y.
3 t0
flBJieHHC
tlO Jiy MH JI 0
” xea/ia” (g h e a d a ). X e a A a o x ß a T b iB a e T h c j i h k o m npoBHHUHH
T e B e A p a , n o jio B H H y
npoB H H U H H
A.
H a M e T H ji
C aM opa
o x p a H iiy iip o n im iiM H
O p e H c e h 3 a n a A H y io
1966, 64], ü ep B b iM
J l y r o [C a r b a llo C a le r o
B n ceH Te,
r p a H H H b i pacnpocTpaMeMHM x c iia u
K O T o p w fi
jie H H e B jiH H H H eM A O H H A o e B p o n e n c K o r o
MUINIIIIHC
Kopyiii.x, llo n -
n o n b iT a jic a
cy6 cTp aT a
o G b a c H M T i. i m
mw-
[Z a m o ra V icente I952|.
C T ex n o p x e a A a n p H B J ie K a jia n p n c T a j i b H o e B H H M a H H e H 6 e p o p o M a i i H c r o n ,
O A H aK O
BpeM H
H
npH H H H bl
ee
B 03H H K H 0B eH H a
O C TaK JTC a
AO
CHX
IlO p
HeacHbiMH.
Ü H C b M e H H b ie C B H A e T e jib C T B a x e a A b i n o a B J ia io T c a
c jie A y e T y n e c T b , h t o a o t o t o
ckom
6 b ijia
ao
T o ro
C K yA H a,
h to
n o jia r a T b c a
H e T H H e c K o r o p a 3 B H T H a a 3 b iK a He n p H X O A H T c a .
[P o r to
,I{a n 3 H a
ö o jie e
1970]
D apena
paH H eM y
1977, 79, 80]
nepnoAy,
O TM en aeT , h t o
TO Jlb K O
k
X IX
110
B peM eH H n n c b M eH H a a T p a A H u n a Ha r a jm c u tl-
flo
b oahoh
XVI
B
Ha
o th o c h t
b. O a h 3 k o
b B on pocax
III.A .
(J)o-
Ilo p T o
b o 3 h h K H O B e H H e xeaAbi
X .J I.
M.
H3 p y K o n n c e H
H ee
c b »3 h c s th m
*
[P e n sa d o
1758 r. yica-
ü eH caA O
C apM beH TO
3 b lB a e TC «, HTO rajIHCHHL(bI He yM ejlH n p O H 3 HOCHTb KaCTHJIbCKHH 3Byk [ x ] ,
3aMeHaa e r o
Ha [g ],
h o cejibC KH M
»CHTejiaM, b n p o H 3 H o u ie H H H
npnneM 3Ta Hecnoco6HOCTb npHnncbiBaeTca HMeHK O To p b ix
h B 0 3 H H K jia xeaAa.
3 t o roß o p H T o to m , h t o b o BpeMeHa M. CapMbeHTO xeaA bi em e He 6wjio . Ilo n b iT K a o 6 ia c H H T b B03HHKHOBeHHe xeaAW BjinaHHeM KaeTH jibeK oro,
npeAnpHH aTaa X .J I. ÜeHcaAO, B C T p e T H J ia oöocHOBaHHbie B03pa>KeHHa; b
H a c Tb a m e e BpeM a npeAnpHHHM aioTca y cn jin a o6i>acHHTb aBneHHe xea A W
BHyTpeHHHMH ycnoBHHMH pa3BHTHa (})OHeTHHecKOH CHCTeMbi rajiH C H HC K o ro
a3biKa. f t . C x p o T e H [S c h ro te n 1980] C H H Ta e T, h t o nepBOHsnajibHO np on 3 0 UIJ10 orjiym eH H e [ y ] > [h ] He 6e3 b jth h h h » K aeTH jibeK oro, [ x ] k o t o p oro
BocnpHHHM ajiocb
npocTpaHeHHe
HOCTaMH
[P r ie t o
»ce
pa3BHTHa
[h ]
KaK npH3H3K npecTH)KHoro npoH 3H ouieH H H . P a c Ha
A p y rn e
rajiHCHHCKoro
no3Hi;HH
1980], B03pa>Kaa H .
A lo n s o
o 6 ia c H a e T c a
KOHCOH3HTH3Ma.
C xp oT eH y,
y*e
oco6eH -
ß,. IIpH eTO A jio h c o
OTBepraeT
KaKoe-jiHßo
BjinaHHe K aeTH jibeK oro. O h ccbiJiaeTca Ha H3BecTHyio yHHBepcajiHio o c o o t HOLLieHHH CMbIHHblX H (J)pHK3THBHbIX (npH HajlHHHH / k / , eCJIH HCT /g / ,
0 6 a 3 3 T e jib H 0 oÖ HapyacHBaeTca / x / ) , h o o 6 i>acHeHHa B 0 3 HH KH O Be H H a xeaAbi
110 cym ecTB y He AaeT. A . C a H T 3 M a p H H 3 [S a n ta m a r in a , 1980] o t h o c h t
R tv u iH KHOBeHHe xeaA bi
k XV— XVI
iio -H H A H M O M y ,
o ß m e fl
c jie A ya
bb.; H H Te p B O K a J ib H b ift ajuio<]>oii [y ],
ocjiaß jieH H a h h tc p b o k iu ii.m i.ix
Te H A e H H H H
6 o jie e
npoABH H yjiocb H33aA: la g o ‘o 3 e p o ’ [IAy\>| >||llill(,)|. I lo -
sto m
ocji36HJica,
noTepaB 3 BO H KO C Tb ; m c c to n p iH K y -
c o u ia c iib ix , em e
jihuhh npn
c k o iii.k v h A p y r n x n o 3 H i]H a x c o x p a H a jio c b n p o H i iio it i c im r ||||. 110 m iic iih io
A . ( n u n iM a p H H b i, s t o t a j u i 0 (J>0 H
6 b iji y c T p a iic ii
i m t j u i e r n m ijiv flo j ii.m o fl (Jjo-
i i c n t 'i r i ' K o i l pa3HHUbi M e » A y [ g ] n [ h ] . M t o k iic iic it n n o tm h m ii mmhiijim cjioBa,
55
to
3f l e c b
b p «a
CTpeM JlC H H H
jih
o 6 «3 a T e jib H o
C H C TeM bl
K
n p H ß eraT b
C H M M eTp H H J
H
k
o ö ih c h c h h io
3 fle C b
[g ],
n o e p e fle T B O M
n o n a fla a
B
H H TC pB O -
KajibHyio no3HijHK), 3aMeHHJica [y], nepeuiefluiHM TaK*e b [h]: gato [gäto]
*K0T’
o g a t o [o yäto] >
[o häto], 3aTeM 3By k [ h ] no aHajiormi Mor
•p a c n p o c T p a H H T b C H h na A p y r n e i i o 3 h u h h : gato [häto], un gato [ ü i j häto],
Ilo3flHee B c e r o x e a f l a n poH H K Jia b H H T e p iÖ K ä S b H y io rpynny [ - i j g - ] ; a o
c h x nop c y m e c T B y i o T b p a 3 H b ix r o B o p a x B a p n a H T b i n p o H 3 H o m e H H a [ i j g ] ,
[nh] h [n k] [Enriquez 1974, X V ], « a t o m n e HeKOTopyio TOHKy onopw
f l j i a p e K O H C T p y K U H H p a 3 B H T H a (jjo H e T H H e c K o r o n p o u e c c a .
O o h c th h c c K a a x a p a K T ep H C T H K a x e a ß b i B a p b H p ye T ; o c h o b h m m B apnaH TO M
n p o H 3 H o m e H H a CHHTaeTCa r j i y x o ö
p a H T ; c y m e c T B y io T T a K * e
h j ih
0 3 B 0 H H e H H b ifl 4 > a p H H r a jib H b iS c n H -
B e jia p H b ie , y B y jia p H b ie h jia p H H r a jib H b ie B a p n a H -
[Santamarina 1980].
6 bi h h 6 biJio n p o H 3 H o m eH H e, ocT a eT ca (JjaKTOM, h t o x e a fla c
c a M o r o H an a jia J iH T e p a T y p H o r o B03p0*fleHHH b X IX b . o m y m a jia c b KaK
Tbi
K aK O B O
aBJieHHe
a h s jic K T H o e
npocTopenH oe,
h
jiH T epa Typ H yio
b
a o n y c K a jio c b . H e m MeHHJioch k lieft oTHomeHHe
penb
He
c e Ü H a c ; qaxce y caM bix
h
nbiJiKHX AH(J)<})epeHUHaJiHCTOB, y n o T p e 6 jiHK»mHX jn o ö b ie flHajieKTHbie
npocTopeH H bie
<J>opMbi,
6 i»i
JiHiiib
o T jiH n a jiH C b
ohh
ot
K a c T H jib c
h j ih
khx
,
3TO TO HBJieHHH M b l HC HUXO/tHM .
4>O H eM a
3y6H 0H
/f/
3 B y K.
(rpa<J>HHCCKH f )
p c u jiH iy c T c a
C oO T B C T C T H yK M U U H
ctt
K aK r j i y x o i i m e jie B o ft r y 6 H O -
IB O IIK aH
(J)OHeM a / v / , B OTJIHHHe OT
n o p T y r a jib C K o r o , o T e y T e T B y e T .
M e p T o fi,
HajiHHHe
o 6 ie f lH H H K )W c t t
ß e H T a jib H o fi
3ßOHKaa
r a jin c H flc K H it
a n H K O -a jib B e o J ia p H o ü
/©/
(rp a <J)H H ecK H
h ji> ik c
(feoHCMbi
c
(JjO HeM a / z / , b o t j i h h h c
nepeß
ot
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e
h
K a c T H jib c k h m , « B J ia e T c a
(rpa(J)H H ecKH
i,
7. b
s)
h
o c T a J ib iib ix
HHTep-
c jiy n a a x .
n o p T y r a jib C K o r o , o T c y T e T B y e T .
B
3a-
n a f l H o f i n a c T H T a jiH C H H p a c n p o c T p a H e H O a B J ieH H e s e s e o , K O T o p o e , 0 flH a K 0 ,
He T aK
pax
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Ha
M ecTe
n p o flB H H y T o
Ha
jiio 6 o r o
h
3y6H O H n p e flo p c a jib H b iü
[s ]
b o c to k ,
KaK
xea£3.
J iH T e p a T y p H o r o
[0 ]
B
H e K 0 T 0 p i> ix
H 3b iK a
to b o -
n p o H jiio c h t c h
3 B y k [ j ] , c x o a H b i ü c n o p T y r a jib C K H M [$ ], b f l p y r a x
r o B o p a x s e s e o o r p a H H H e H O H e p a 3 J iH n e H H e M [ s ] h [ 0 ] TO JibKO b a ß c o j i i o T H O M
H e x o d e c j i o B a : lu s b m c c t o l u z ‘ c b c t ’, p a s b m c c t o p a z ‘ M H p ’ .
x e a flb i
seseo
H a x o flH T
nocToaH H oe
JiHTepaTypbi, HaHHHa» c X IX
B
H eK 0T0pw x
c jio B a :
zesos
roB o p a x
sesos
b m c c to
O Tp aaceH H e
B
o tjih h h c o t
b H 3b iK e x y a o H C C C T B e H H o ii
b.
H a 6 jiK > fla e T c a
* M 0 3 rH *,
zaliva
ceceo,
b m c c to
b
h 3 cth o cth
saliva
b
‘ c jiiO H a ’
H a n a jie
[Enriquez
1974, X IX ],
T j i y x a a m e jie B a a n e p e flH e H e 6 H a a <J)OHeMa / J 7 (r p a < j)H H e c K H x )
B yeT
b
vexo
[b e jo ]
4
o6m eM
Ilo 3 T O M y
jiH Tep aT ypH bift
c jiy n a e
lB H *y ’
h
H enoH H TH O ,
»3 b iK
K a c m u b C K o fi
n o p T . v e jo ,
/ x/
h
r a ji. r o x o
n o p T y r a jib C K o n
[r ö jp ]
h
co o tbctct-
/ 3 /; c p . :
K acT . r o j o
r a ji.
‘ K p a c H b iü ’
n o n eM y III.
oTK "a3aJJC S
ot
A jio h co M o H r e p o cottajieeT n o noBo,ny T o r o , mto
Ta k h x THnHHHbix nun rajiHCHÜCKoro hbjichhü. KaK
h ses eo
Oh c i H T a e T , mto, n o c K O J ib K y koju ickthb ro B o p n m H x Ha raJiHCHflcxoM
couHa/ibHo H e A H i))(| ie p e H U H p o B a H , t o hcbo3moikho onpefle^JiTb t c h j i h h i i i . i c «lM Konbie
ÄBjieHHfl K a K B y j i b r a p H 3 M U [A lo n s o M o n te ro 1 9 7 0 , 4 5 ] . 3 T 0 M y n p o T H B o p c M H i 1 0 1 ( | ) » k i . mio b
caMOM H a p o Ä e x e a jia n o f l B e p r a e T c a ocm cohhio b u iyTjiH B bix n p H C K a m i* m i i m x i i x |Ku hanal
g h ea d a
1 9 67 , 2 8 ],
56
(o 6 p a T H o e HeßepHo: KacTHJibCKoft (JiOHeMe /x/ M O *e T C00TBeTCTB0BaTb
He T o jib K o rajiHCHHCKaa /j /, ho h / X/ : KacT. v ie jo — ra ji. v e llo ‘ cT ap u fi*).
H
3 m e jie B b ix cjjoHeM o rp a H H H e H H « b AHCTpH Ö yqH H h m c io t /{/ h / j / , k o -
T op b ie HCKJlIOHaiOTCH B a 6 cOJIK)THOM HCXOJie CJIOBa.
KaK
bhahm ,
raJiHCHHCKHH
c
p
ajx
c y m e c T B e H H b ix
K a c T H J ib c k h m ,
a
/ b/ h / v / , n e p e x o f l (J io h c m / d z /
(jjo H o jio r H n e c K H X
He
c
nepT
n o p T y r a jib C K H M :
o 6 ie A H H a e T
H ep a 3 J iH n eH H e
h / ts/ r a j i H C H ß c K o - n o p T y r a j i b C K o r o « 3 b i K a
B / 0/ B HOBOrajIHCHHCKOM, O rjiyU ieH H e i z l B /s/ H /^/ B /J*/ (b KaCTHJIbCKOM
p a 3BHTne n o rn jio a ajib u ie: /j*/ >
OTMenaeT, h t o c X V
I x / ) . K . - I I . O T e p o [O t e r o 1971, .'4, 35]
b. pa3BHTHC <})0H0Ji0rHHecKHX c h c t c m rajiHCHÜc x o r a
H KaCTHJlbCKOrO H3bIKOB H fleT HaCTOJlbKO CXOßHblMH nyTHM H, HTO TpyAH O
cy flH T b , « B jifle T c a jih 3 t o c x o a c t b o p e3 y jib T a T O M n a p a ju ie jib H o r o p a 3BHTHa
HJIH BJIHSHHH K3CTHJlbCKOTO Ha raJiHCHHCKHH. H t o K acaeTCfl p33BHTHfl /Q l H3
/ d z/
B
H / ts / ,
TO
OH
rajlHCHHCKOM,
CKJIOHeH
b
OTjiHHHe
O Ö iaC H a T b
ot
ero
KaCTHJIbCKHM
BJIHXHHeM.
n o p T y r a jib C K o r o , c y m e c T B y e T
r jiy x a a
n ep e A H e H e6 H a a a< j)^ p H K aT a / tj/ (rpa<})H H ecKH e h ), b n jia H e A H a x p o H H H c o o t B e T C T B y io m a « n o p T y r a jib C K o ft j j / : r a ji. c h e o [ t j e o ] ‘ n o jiH b ifi’, n o p T . c h e io
[ j s i o ] , r a ji. c h a m a r [ t j a m ä r ] ‘ 3 B aT b ’, n o p T . c h a m a r [ j a m ä r ] , O o H e M a / tj/
OÖbIHHa B HHTepBO KajlbH OH
ri03HI(HH, HO H CKAlO iaeTCH Ha KOHqe CJIOBa:
c a c h o ‘ K y c o K ’, f a c h o ‘ 4>aKen\
CymecTBOBaHHe 3BOHKoro KoppejiaTa — (Jiohcmm /y/ , Taxxce n ep e A H e hc6hoh, AOKa3biBaeT III.A . IIopTO ßanaHa [P o r to Dapena 1977, 3 6 ]. X o
th ero HccjieAOBaHHe nocBameHo «3biKy <J>eppojia, oh n o jia r a e T , h to /y/ npHcyTCTByeT b 6ojibiueH nacTH TajincHH. 3 t o t Bonpoc cBsnaH c HBjieHHeM
yeism o, T.e. Hepa3JiHHeHHeM 4>ohcm / X j h /j /, peaAH3yiomHxcs OAHHaKOBö
KaK [j], CoxpaHeHHe (j)OHeMbi / X j (rpa(J)HHecKH 11) TpaAHimoHHo CHHTaA0Cb
OTjiHHHTeAbHOH nepTofi c e B e p H u x perHOHOB HcnaHHH. H o y * e P. K ap6ajibo
K a jiep o OTMenaeT b cBoefl rpaMMaTH Ke, h to pa3JiHHeHHe (jioHeM m « i n
flBJiaeTca peAKOCTbro, b ce/ibCKOÄ MeeTHoeTH npeoGjiaAaeT /j/. TeM He Me
Hee OH CHHTaeT, HTO npOH3HOUieHHe [j ] BMeCTO [X ] B 0 6 p a 3 0 B a H H b IX
Kpyrax pacueHHBaeTca KaK n p o c T o p e n H o e . Oh o c o ö o oroBapHBaeT, h to [j ] —
3ByK <J)pHKaTHBHbiH, a He a(J)(j)pHKaTa [C a rb a llo C alero 1966, 64, 6 5 ].
III. A . nopTO flan3Ha ocnapHBaeT 3 to MHeHHe h npaMO 3aaBJiaeT: ” H to
KacaeTca M oero jiHHHoro onbiTa, MHe He H3BecTeH hh oahh CAynaft
lleism o b rajiHCHHC kom p e r n o H e ” [P o r to D apena 1977, 3 6 ]5. TaKHe cjioBa,
KaK m allo ‘ nen’ h m ayo ‘ Maii’, pa3JiHHaioTca b npoH3HomeHHH TeM, h to
nepBoe np0H3H0CHTCH c a<j><j)pHKaTOH: [m ä y o ] — [m ä jo ]. B 4>eppojie oTMenaeTca A a * e cymecTBOBaHHe ” * y * * a m e r o ” (reh ilad o) BapuaHTa, xa p a rrep H 3 y i o m e r o c a öojiee hhtchchbhoh cmwhkoh, b h c o k o ä cTeneHbio 3 b o h k o c t h
h 6ojiee CHJibHbiM u iy M O M TpeHHa.
O o H e M a /' 1/ (rpa(j>H H ecKH 1) H M eeT HecKOJibKO n03H UH 0HHbix BapnaHTOB,
KaK h
KacTHJibCKaa / l/ ;
B apn aH T
Hbift —
ochobhoK
B a p n aH T a jib B e o jia p H w ö , M e * 3 y 6 H b jfi
npoH3HocHTca n e p e A [0 ], 3y6H ofi —
n e p e A [tJ ^ ,B e jia p H b ifi —
n epeA [ d ] , [ t ] ,
n a jia T a jib -
n e p e A [ k ] , [ g ] h b k o h c h h o h n o 3HUHH; c r e -
5 T a K * e P. J lo p e H c o B a c x e c npHjuaeTCH, h to cm v h > * h o c a e jia T b o rp o M H o e ycm iH e, h t o 6 u
npoH3HecTH [ X] ; b ero <)>0H0.n0rH4ecK0H CHCTeMe HeT npoTHSonocTaBjieHmi /X/ h /j / [L o r e n z o
V ä z q u e z 1 9 6 9 , 2 1 1 ] . M . P a 6 a fia ;i O TM enaer, MTO b xacrpan o iioh th HHKorAa hc s c f p e i a e T c i
[ X] , h o 3 B y K , n p 0 H 3 H 0 C H M b i f i H a ero MecTe, oTjiHHaeTca o t [ j ] [ R a b a n a l 1 9 6 7 , 25],
57
neHb BejiHpH3auHH 6 o jib iu e , neM
rajibCKOM h KaTajiaHCKOM.
r
B
H ocoßbie
a jiH C H H C K H e
HX
4 > 0 H 0 J 1 0 rH H e C K 0 H
KacTHjibc kom ,
b
KaK
c C H jib H b iM H o r p a H H H e H H H M H , n a j r a r a e M b i M H
êTK oe
n p o T H B o n o c T a B J ie H H c
h
n)
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B
H C K J iio H e H b i.
J ieH H H
fl)
B
n03H UH H .
/m /
Ha coneTaeM O C Tb
( r p a (J )M H e c K H
b
B 0 3 M 0 )K c n
h b H cnaiicKoM : i
m ),
C J IO B a
n c p c ;i c o r jia c iib iM H
C IIH
(r p a < J > H n e -
H B
H a H a jie
3TH
4>O H eM U
HJIH H H b IM C O -
i i o c o B o f t a j i j i 0 0 H,
to t*e ,
iicpe/» |h| h |p], ajibB eojiaptibiH
[n ]
n e p e fl [1]; [r ], iy ß iio -iy ftm > fl |ip| uepc/» |l |, iv ftu o fl |p] nepc/i [ t ] h [d ], M
3 y 6 n b i B f n ] nepc/t [ 0 | , cpe/(iicitcftm .itt |tjJ n c p e / ( f t j ] , j j ] , B e j i a p H b i f t
e*-
h to
n ep e;; [ k ]
B
h
com en
[n ]
[ g ] [ P o r t o D a p e n a 1976, 4 7 0 1.
o t jih h h c
ot
3B y k o b
h ocobw x
y f i i i o - i y ftiio ll | m |
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fle jia T b ’, t r o u x 6c h e la s ( < t r o u x c c h c s + a s ) ‘ Tbi h x n p H H ec’, p o l o ( < p o r 4- o )
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b to p o m
c jio r e .
C o x p a H H jio c b , OAHaKO, H e K O T o p o e
KOJiHHecTBO T p e x c jiO Ä H b ix c jio b c y A a p e jm e M Ha nepB O M c j i o r e , n o c K O jib Ky
b
hhx
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n o A B e p r c a c h h K o n n p o B a H H io : c ö b a d o ‘ jio K O T b ’, d ü b id a ‘ c o M iic iiH e ’, p in t ig a
‘ c a jia M a H ^ p a ’, lö s t r e g o
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‘ MOJiHHa’, p £ x e g o
‘ xcecTK H fi’, t 6p e d o
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‘ n p o x j i a A H u f l ’ h flp .
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3HKJIHTHHeCKHMH MGCTOHMCHHHMH yâpCHHO MOMCT MH/U* I I* AHJIbllie T p e T b e r o c j i o r a o t k o h u b : a c a r o A n d o s e m e lle ‘ iip H A jiH w a n o b k o m iic ’.
no
H a ß jiio A e H H K )
P.
K a p fin J ib o
K a jic p o
(('n rh n llo C alero
1966, 75]
b C H H T arM ax , iip eA C TaN JiN iom H X c o f lo A Miioim 'Jinwnoe c jio b o h jih rp yn n y
c jio b , o ß ie A H h o h h u x
o/iHhm y / m p c iiH eM , H M O ciiN
n ch o B b ip a w e H H o e n o -
6 o h h o c y fla p e H H e n a n e p a o M c j i o i e c h m im im w , c o n p o H o jK fla io m e e c a n o B b iuieHHeM TOHa.
ÜBJiaioTca yAapHbiMH iipHTNw arcjibiibie upMJiaiaTejibHbie, Korâ ohh
ynoTpeßjiaioTCH b concTaHHH c onpejiejieiniMM aprHKjieM: o meu pai ‘moö
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60
Ee3yAapHbi 4>0PMM onpeAejieHHpro apTHKjia h T H T y jiu don ‘ rocdona ‘ rocnowa’, san, santo ‘ c b h t o ä ’ [TaM * e , 73— 75].
ra jiH C H ttc K a « HHTOHauHH OTJiHnaeTCs C B o e o 6 p a 3 H eM , h o n j i o x o H3yneH a
a p T H K ji«.
n o flH H ’,
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o K T a B b i,
ho
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K pH H a m eß
[P o r to
D apena
1977, 4 3 ].
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raJiH C H ficK ofi HHTOHaqHH mm H 3J ia ra e M n o p a 6 o T e [ P o r t o D a p e n a 1 973]. K
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X o t h b Z p o r q u £ ? ‘ n o M fM y ’ CHJioBoe y A a p e H H e npHXOAHTCH Ha B T o p o ft
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3 jieM eH T e c o 3 A a e T Bne-
n aT jieH H e, h t o HMeHHO o h y A a p H b iii.
EAHHCTBeHHbiß cjiynafi noBbimaioiueficH HHTOHauHH — s t o B o n p o c c nepecn pocoM :
3
2 1 3
[b es mar ia 1 n ö i j l )
6 V e s ma n ä , n on ?
‘T u npHAeuib 3aBTpa, Aa?’
B o c K jiH u a T e jib H o e BbicKa3biBaH H e T a K w e xa p a K T ep H 3 yeT C H pe3KHM n o B b iuieHHeM TOHa Ha nepBO M yu ap H O M c j i o r e , 3 aT eM t o h noH H w aeTC H , h o
6o -
jie e njiaBHO, n eM b B o n p o c e :
1 3
[c
2
k ö m o n ötj
1
1
se ßan a tir \ )
II c d m o n on se v a n a dar!
‘ H KHK 3TO OHH He npHBMKHyT*
II
lipHKa3aHHHX
nOBbimeHHC TOHa npHXOAHTCH T a K X e
H Ha BOKaTHB:
I ? I I I
3
2 11
|»nl>Mlu nfnol Irifc o martfyo 1)
l'auillii, iii‘ iii>, true o martillo
'(iiy iiiit ll
umpciu.. iipmiccK m o jio to k '
61
B c jio w H o n o A H H H e H H b ix n peflJ ioK eH H H X
ch
Ha
n o c jie A H e M
yâpH O M
c jio r e
n oB biu ieH H e TOHa Ha 6 jiio A a e T -
n epB oß
nacTH ,
3aT eM
to h
0CTaeTCH
6 o jie e h jih M eH ee p o b h u m :
1 1 2
3
1 21
[ k ä n d o e n tra ß a l sa lia
1 2
1
o m a n ö lo l ]
C a n d o en tra b a , sa lia o M a n o lo
‘ K o r,n a a b x o a h j i , B b ixoflH ji M b h o j io '
T P A H K A
IIp o ß jie M b i,
4>hkh
h
C B m a m ib ie
op4>orpa({>HH,
nHCbMe 3ByKOBblX
H a H Ö o jiee
ckhA
kbk
tu k
O P «> O r P A < D H fl
o 6 m cß
c
h
c
o p n c H T a u H e tt r a j i n c H f i c K o ß
m b cth m m h
BonpocaM H
rp a-
OTpaxceHHsi
Ha
OCOßCHllOCTCft rajIH C H flC K ofl pCHH, OTHOCHTCH K HHCJly
A H C K y c c H o m ib ix
xapaK Tep,
H
ho
h
M o iy r
iio c h t
iic
ip a K T o n a n .c H
r o jib K o
h
b
jih h p b h c th m c -
cyry6 o
K yjib T yp H o -n o jiH T H H ecK O M
acn eK Te.
E/jHHbix H opM ra jm c H ttc K o H ipa<J)HKH h o p (j)o rp a 4 )H H a o c h x n o p He c y m ecT B yeT .
K a *A a n
K o p iio p a u n »,
K aw A b iß
n H iu ym H Ü
BbiÖ H paeT OAHy H3
c y m e c T B y io m H X h jih u p e A J ia r a e T cbok> c o ß c T B e H H y io . O c h o b h w m h h b jih io tc h
npaBHJia r a im c H ß c K o ß aKaflCM H H , o A o ß p e H H b ie b 1970 r. [ R e a l A c a d e m ia
G a le g a 1 9 7 7], H o p M b i H H C T H TyTa rajiH C H H C K oro «3 b iK a , H 3Jiow eH H bie b e r o
yMeÖHHKe [ G a l e g o
1975;
G a lle g o
1976;
1 9 7 7],
h
H o p M b i, n p e A J io w eH H w e
rajiHCHÖCKOH c o A H o n e A a ro rH M e c K o tt a c c o A H a A H e fi [ A s o c i a c i ö n
1 98 0]. C y -
m e c T B y e T T a K w e q e jib ifi p h a H H AH B H A yajibH bix n p o eK T O B , o cy m ec T B J in eM b ix
Ha n p a K T H K e h x a B T o p a M H . B c e n p o e K T b i m o w h o p a 3 A e jiH T b Ha AB e r p y n nbi: T e, K 0 T 0 p b ie cu eA yJ O T cn eu H ^ race c o B p e M e H H o r o r a jin c H fic K o r o n p o H 3 HOllieHHH, H Te, K O TO pbie CTpeMHTCfl yH H TW BaTb HCTOpHHeCKHe CBH3H ra jiH C H Ä C K oro c n o p T y ra jib C K H M
h nbiTaiOTCH c6 jiH 3 H Tb op(J)orpa(J)H K ) s t h x
A ß y x H3bIKOB.
H
K a ca eT C H
to
jih c h h c k o h
r jia c H b ix ,
r p a ({)H K e , —
H b ix [ e ] h [ e ] , [ o ]
C H ßC KO ß
OT
y n p e K , A e n a e M b iß c o s p e M C H H o ß r a -
H ep a3 JiH M eH H e O T K p b iT b ix h 3 a K p b iT b ix
B 3 to m
h [o ],
rp a ^ H K H
npoB O AH TCH
ochobhoö
3 to
K aC TH JIbC K O ß,
B
TO
B peM H
0T K p w T 0C T H / 3 a K p w T O C T H
pa3 J iH H eH H e
r jia c
y c M a T p H B a e T C H A a w e la B H C H M o c T b r a jiH -
KaK
B IIO p T y r a J lb C K O fi
ijiu c in .ix
[C o r o m in e s
1976; M o n t e r o S a n t a lla 1976; P r i e t o A l o n s o 197 7], O a h h k o m o w h o B 0 3 p a 3H Tb,
HTO
H
B
n O p T y r a jIb C K O M
H3blKC
B
ß o J Ib llIH H C I IIC CJiyHUCB
O T K p b l-
TO C Tb/ 3 a K p b IT O C T b TJiaC H blX IIC IIR X O A H T O tpN W C H H M H ip il(})H K C , H eC M O TpH
Ha HaAHHHe c n c u H a jih H o d a h u k p h t h k h ; t o w r c n m o c iiu A jiiojin cT C H
pO M a H C K H X
H lb lK n x :
r jia c iio r o
oahom
b
H THJIkHIICKOM ,
h
ih m
o t A x a jic K r a , h n p o » c c iH
HCCKBH (j)()p M Il C JiyW H I
*r
H 3 b iK a x . E c jih
6bi
i'J io n r
M o m ri
y n t«i| in k h iu ii< »
K
TOM y
K O J ic f ia ib c «
we
h b
A p yrn x
KaneCTB O
b 3 3 B h c h m o c th
W i i. i i c j i c i k o ; eA H H a n w e rp a (j> H -
KHK Obi lllim t p iim i I <>M, o ß bC AH H H IO lA H M pa3JIH H H bie
A H aJIC KTH blC l i p o n IIIO IIIC IIIIN ,
ckhx
KU INJINIIC KIIM
KM K
»1 0
llllftjM O A H C TC fl B H a3B aH H b IX p O M a H -
l a jiM c u H iK iir in n ii i i h c t w
n oc T a B H J iH c e 6 e 3 a A a n e fi
O T p a 3 H T b H a n n c b M e O T K p b iT o c n ./ m K p i . n o c n » r jia c H b ix , h m n p H u u i o c b 6 u
n poB ecTH
o r p o M H y io p a 6 o T y
n o o p i j i o t u i n e c K o f i H o p M a jiH 3 a u H H , x o T o p a n
B b I3 B a jia 6 b l H O B bie AHCKyCCHH.
CTopoH H H K H
n o p T y r a jib C K o ß
o p H c im u u in
n p e A J ia ra io T pa3JiHnaTb o t -
K pbiTO C Tb/3aKpbiTO CTb y A a p H b ix r jia c m .ix c n o M o m b K ) 3HaK0B yAapeHHH,
62
H a n p H M e p , o 6 o 3 H a n a T b K aK e, 6 O T K p b iT b ie m a c u b ie h k b k t , 6 — 3aicpbiTbie
[P r ie t o A lo n s o
1977, 145]. C jiH T H b ie <}>opMbi n p e jy io ra a h a p TH K J ia npe/i-
jia r a e T c a a K u e H T y n p o ß a T b c jie a y io m H M
o 6 p a 3 0 M : ö , A, fts, As, h t o R m i i o -
K a3aTb h x 6 e 3 y fla p H O C Tb . 0 6 m h h o c jih h h h c n p e f ljio r a a h u p ih k j ih
e,q. h. o o 6 o 3 H a H a e Tc a h j ih
K a ),
h j ih
K a K ao
(H o p M a
m. p.
K a K 6 (H o p M a H H C T H T y T a la j m c n t k 'K o io h u .iTa jiK C H H C K O H
a K a ^ e M K n ).
06a
B a p m iirn i y n o -
T p eÖ H Tejib H bi Ha n n c b M e , h o n p e o 6 jia fla e T a o , H ecM O Tp a Ha t o h t o n p o w ih o c h tc h B c e ra a TO Jib K O [p ],
f lp y r H M
nHCbMe.
c n o p H b iM
nyH K TO M aB JiaeTca O T p a * e H H e 3 jih 3 h h r jia c iih ix
na
r ajiHCHHCKne n n c a T e n a X IX — H a n a jia X X b. CTpeM HjiHCb o r p a -
»caTb Bce c u y n a H s jih 3 h h , h h x n n cb M O n e c T p e jio a n o c T p o $ a M H h /te<j>H-
3a T p y A H fljio HTeHHe [ A l o n s o M o n t e r o 1970, 5 4 ]. E m e M . Bujii.m
caM H , h t o
A a p e c [V a lla d a r e s
1970,
39, 4 0 , 9 6 ] B b iC T yn aji n p o T H B 3 J io y n o T p e 6 jien H H
anocTpo(J>aMH, f lo n y c K a a
hx
TOJibKO
b
c jiy n a e
3 jih 3 h h
rjia c H b ix
b
c jiy -
6 Hbix n a c T flx p en n : e s t' o u t r o , n o n ll'o digo, direich'algo h t . a . B c o B p e MeHHOM n n c b M e a n o c T p o 4 > b i 6 o j i e e He y n o T p e 6 jiHK>Tca; c a H K u n o H H p o B a iio
*e
jiH u ib o rp a H H H eH H oe k o j i h h c c t b o c j i h t h m x HanncaHnn c on eTa H H H n p e ß jio r o B
c a p T H K jie M , aeT ep M H H a TH B aM H h MecTOHMeHHHMH: d u n , n e s te , d e la , n o u tr o ,
a T a K *e
c on eT a H H Ü 6 e 3 y fla p H b ix
HeaBTOHOMHbix m c c t o h m c h h ö : m o , m a ,
c h o , c h a h t . a . (n o jiH b iii n ep en eH b B c ex c jiy n a e B fla e T c a n p n on ncaH H H o t A e jib H b ix
nacTeü
p e n n ).
O flH aK O
T e,
k to
npH BbiK
O TpaacaTb
Ha n n cb M e
»CHBoe n poH 3HouieHHe, BbicTynaioT 3a BBeaeHHe a n o c T p o < j)a [C . 1978a, 9 9 ];
OTMenaeTca T a K * e , h t o npn c j i h t h o m H anncaH H H crapaioTca rp aH H i;b i c jiob
[ P r i e t o A l o n s o 1977, 145].
O T pa aceH H e Ha n n cb M e c o r jia c H b ix n peflC TaB JiaeT c o 6 o f i ö o jie e cjioHCHyio
n p o ß n e M y . B H o p M a x rau H C H H C K on a K a ß e M H n h H H C T H T yT a rajiH C H H C Koro
«3 b iK a c o n e T a io T c a 3THM 0Ji0rHHecKHH h 4>0HeTHHecKHH n p n H u n n b i. H a n p H
M e p , e c jiH
/0/
c o x p a H a io T c a s T H M o n o r H H e c K H e
(c , z ), t o
f ljia
/ j/
H an n caH H a /yia
/k / ( c , q u ) h
BBefleHa rpa<{>eMa x b o B c ex c jiy n a a x ne3aBHCHMO
o t n p o H c x o x c ^ e H H a 3B yK a; C T ap bie H an n caH H a j h g ( +
e, i ) yn p a3 flH eH bi.
y n o T p e ß jie H H e ft H 11 c 6 j i H * a e T raJiHCHÖcKHH c HcnaHCKHM,
0flH a K 0 HeBepHO
6 b ijio 6 bi cH H TaTb, h t o 3 t h H an n caH H a, KaK h c h , q u , g u h A p ., a B jia io T c a
B rajIHCHÖCKOM 3aHMCTBOBaHHHMH H3 KaCTHJlbC KOTO. O H H 6 bIJIH 06 bIHHbI B
cp eA H eB eK O B b ix T eK C T a x h pa3BHjiHCb n a p a n jie jib H o c x o a h w m H anncaH H aM
B K acT H jib c k o m [ M c C a r t n e y 1967; V e i g a A r i a s 1983, 2 9 7 ]. T e M He M eH ee c t o poHHHKH n o p T y ra jiH 3 H p o B a H H o fi op4>orpa4>HH n p e f ljia r a io T b b c c t h B3aMeH
11 h n flHrpa<J>bi lh h n h , sTH M O JiorH H ecK H e H an n caH H a g , j fljia /j-/ h u a x e
f H a p a a y c c, z, sc f l j i a o 6 o 3 H a n e H H a /9/ h ss flJia o 6 o 3 H a n e H H a /s/ M e * f l y
rjiacH b iM H . K. f l y p a H [D u rän 1979, 2 4 4 ] n p a M o 3aaB JiaeT, h t o n poB eA eH H e
(JjOHeTHHecKoro n p H H i ; H n a b rajiH CH Ü CK oft op<j)orpac|)HH h c b o 3 M O » c h o ; c a h h C T B C H H b lM
n p H H IJ H n O M
MOHCeT
6 bITb
H C T O p H K O - 3 T H M O J IO r H H e C K H H J
C O B pe-
m ch iiu h op<|)orpa<t)Ha a o j m H a ocH O B biB aTb ca Ha op4>orpa4>HH c T a p o r o «3 b iK a ,
n o 3 T «M y ,
ckh
iiiiiip M M e p ,
o 6 o c iio m t m n .ix
6 yK B y x c u e ^ y e T y n o T p e 6 j i « T b
c jiy n a a x
f ljia
o6o3H an eH H »
/ f/
T O jib K O
h jih
b H CTopHne-
/ks/
h
n n ca T b
XerxcN, Alexandre, c u ix a , c x e c u ta r , h o g e r a l. Y T B e p * ,n a e T c a flawe, h t o
y iiO T p e fijic im e x / r / n p c itp n iu a c T r a jin c H Ü c k h h b 6 e j i y i o B o p o H y c p e / w p o m m i i c k h x h i i .ikoh |C
I9 7 K ii, 100] O ^ H a K o P. K ap6ajibo K ajicp o |C«rbnllo
C aloro 1966. 7X| c o n c p iu c im o n r p n o o t m c t h j i b c b o c II rp n M M n iH K c , * it o
3TMMOJIOI M'ICCKMO >INIIIK'IIIII1M l l f MOI V I fihlTb npOBC/lCHhl nOCJICM<>Nlt IrJII.IIO
63
b
C H jiy M H O H cecTB eH H O C TH
‘ n e p c H K ’, p a s s a ru >
r p a (J )e M a
x
(j)O H e M b i / j /; c p .: p e r s i c u >
h cto h h h ko b
p a x a r o ‘ n T H u a ’, c a p s u la >
pexego
c a ix a ‘ h i h h k ’.
B b i3 b iB a e T , n o H ca jiyfi, H a H Ö o jib W H e c n o p b i c p e A H
jiH H rB H C -
t o b . B y n o T p e ß jie H H H 3 T o ü 6 y K B b i a n « o 6 o 3 H a n e H H a /j / h jih /ks/ H a 6 jiK >AajiHCb n o cT o iiH H b ie
X o th
b
H opM e
KOJie6 a H H »
h
o 6 o 3HaMaeT
x
n p o A O J ia c a io T c a
panbLu e,
T oJib K o
jj/ ,
ohh
h c e ifa a c .
3T a
(JjaKTHnecKH
rpac}>eMa
A By3H aH H a, n o c K o jib K y
O H a nacTO c o x p a H a e T c a b K y jib T H 3 M a x b 3HaneHHH
/ k s/ ,
te x to ,
e x is te n c ia ,
/s/ :
sexo.
H opM bi
fa jiH C H fic K o fi
c o u H o n e fla r o -
T H H e C K o fi aCCOUHaUHH 11p H M O p eK O M eH flyiO T HCn0Jlb30BaTb X B A B y X 4 »yH K -
ijh h x h coMCTaHHe / ks/ B c erA a n ep e A a B a T b c n o M o m b io x : e x ilio , m ä x i m o
h c k jiio h c h h c m
3a
30B aH 0
fljiH
tc x
c jiy n a e B ,
n e p c/ ia H H
/(■/:
e x t r a n x e ir o , e x i x i r [ A s o c i a c i o n
h
Ky
b
K yjibT H 3 M a x
A l v a r e z 1977, 137-
Kor.ua
esaxerar,
to m
»c e
c jio ß e
x
y *e
e s ix ir ,
a
He
H c n o jib -
exa x era r,
1980, 18]. 3 t o y c jio a c H a e T HTeHHe, n ocK O Jib-
M O *eT
x
b
e s t r a n x e ir o ,
M H TaTbc»
/ j/ :
KaK
e x e m p lo
[M o r a le jo
139],
BpeMCHM rajiH C H H C K oro B 0 3 p 0 *A e H H a H a 6 jn o fla jiH C b TaKace K o jie ß a -
Co
h h » b n e p c a a n e / t j / M « K A y rjiacH b iM H : u n -a , u n -h a , u m -h a [ A l o n s o
te ro
M on
1970, 5 5 ]: n o c K o j i b K y c t o p o h h h k h n o p T y ra jiH 3 H p o B a H H o ß o p 4 > o rp a -
4>hh n p e flJ ia ra iO T H cn0Jib30B aTb nh fljia n e p e fla H H /r^/, f ljia / ij/ H 3 o 6 p e T a e T c a
AHrpa«J) m h : u m h a , a lg u m h a .
EyK Ba
Aon ycK aeTca
y
h
Yan kee
A-na n e p e f la n n
b a p x a H 3 H p o B a H H b ix
/j /
b K ceH H 3M ax:
T o J ib K o
H anncaH H ax
H M eH
c o 6 c T B e H H b ix :
Y a le ,
A ld a y ,
A lb ix o y .
H a 6 jn o fla K > T c a
K 0 J ie6 a H H H
Ü O C K O J lb K y 3TH A B e
Bbl6 o p
HX
M O *eT
b
H an n caH H H
Ö y K B b I o 6 o 3 H a H a K )T
6 b IT b
0 6 yCJI 0 BJieH
H eK O Topu x
OAHH
TO JlbKO
H Te
»e e
c jio b
c
3B yK H
b
h jih
v.
[b ] H [ß ],
S T H M O J lO rH eii H T p a A H U H e fi.
T p a A H U H « MOMceT H a p y i u a T b c a p a / jn c 6 jiH * e H H H c n o p T y r a jib C K H M ,
h
T o rA a
n n u ie T c a , H an p H M ep , p o v o , d ü v i d a b m c c t o p o b o ‘ H a p o A ’ H d ü b i d a ‘ c o M H e H H e ’.
3 T H M 0 J i0 rH M ecK 0 e h c o x p a H a e T c a b H a n a jie p « A a
c j io b :
h o x e ‘ c e r o A H a ’,
h is t o r ia ‘ h c t o p h h ’ ; n o c jie n p e (})H K C 0 B h o n y c K a e T c a : d e s u m a n o ‘ HCMejiOBenH b ifi’,
in ä b il
*3a n p e m a T b ’
‘ h c j io b k h h ’; c p .
h
T a K »c e r a ji. c o e r e n t e
‘ K o r e p e H T H b i f l ’, p r o ib ir
n cn . c o h e r e n t e , p r o h i b i r [ A s o c i a c i ö n 1980, 17]. B c r p e H a i o T c a
op4>orpai]>HM ecKHe K acTH jib cK oe, h ir m ä n , h o r f o , h o v o
o r fo
‘ c n p o T a ’, o v o
He n o x o * H M
oho
B cerA a
Ha
‘ a ftiio ’
h
, H a o 6 o p o T , AJia T o r o ,
K a e T H J ib e K o e ,
n H c a jio c b :
h
on ycK aeTca
o x e , a b e le n c ia
bm ccto
‘ jio B K o c T b ’ [ M o r a l e j o A l v a r e z 1977, 137
rc x
b
hoxe
bm ccto
irn iiin ‘ 6 p a T ’,
«rro fii.i l y i e j i a T b
a m m ix ,
c j io b o
b k o to p h x
‘ c c i o a h h ’, h a b e le n c ia
139|.
ü p a B H jia aK n eH T ya iiH H , y c n t i i o n j i e n i i w e H i u i m y io m n u m c H H C K o ro a 3 b iB OCHOBHOM CXOAIIhl C COOTHO IC I »V IO IU IIM II
Ka,
llp illlltllllM H
HCnaHCKOTO
H3bIKU, HO lICCKOJIkKO fiojICC CJIOftllM
1.
B oß m cM
yAapCHHCM
cjiy> m c
V JlM peiiiir
i |mi|>M'iri HH <n M c m r r c a :
b
c jio B a x
c
HU IIOCJICAMCM C JIIIIP II l< MCMOMOM llll u ia c ilb ic , A H (j)T O H rH H
-ns: rclri, o a M , t o m l i i , liniri, iim r in s , comeu, fu x iu ; b c j i o c j i o i c o i k o m m , n u n o iih ne 0 K a H H H B a i0 T c a Ha rjia c H b ie A H (j)T O H rH h c o i jim c iim o », ii, im ulil. i niidoi , M6ndez, b c j i o c o r jia c H b ie -s, -n ,
B a x c yAapeH H C M hu B i o p o M
B a x c yA apeH H eM r ia TpeTbCM h a o j i c c c j i o i c o i k iiiiim i iix o u x e r c , l ö r a m o s , t r ö u -
x o n o lo .
2.
T p a (}> H H e c K o e
yAapeH H e,
e c jiH
oho
m m cjio ci.
n p n A o 6 a B J ie H H H 3 h k j i h t h k : c o l l i u n o , c o l l l n o .
ii c jio iic ,
coxpaH aeTca
3. IIp H coneTaHHH y ^ a p H oft 3aK pbiTofi
Hofi
h
6 e3 yaap H o ft o T K p u T o ft m a c -
rpa<J>HHecKoe yßapeH He CTaBHTCa KaK 3HaK OTcyrcTB m i flH(J)TOHra:
sabia, süa, a c e n tu o , rain a, b aü l.
4.
E c jih
k
r jia r o jiy
npn coeflH H aeT ca
nocpeacTB O M
fle < {)H c a
apTHKjib,
o th o c h iu h ü c h k cjie,q yio m eM y cym ecTBHTejibHOM y, y a a p H u tt c jio r r jia r o jia b
j iio 6 om cjiyn a e oTM en aeT ca 3Hakom yâpeHHa: p £ rd e -lo t e m p o ‘ t u Tcpaeuib
BpeM a’, p e rd 6-lo te m p o ‘ T e p a T b B p e M a ’ , decx-la v e rd a d e ‘ r o B o p H T b n p a B / iy ’.
5.
B H eK O Topw x
c jiy n a a x
rpa(J)HHecKoe yaapeH H e H cnojib3yeTca
fljia
pa3JiHHeHHa om o(J)ohob: si ‘ ,qa’ — si ‘ ce6 a’, s ö io ‘ T o jib K o ’ — s o io ‘ o ^ h h ’,
m äis ‘ 6 o jib u ie ’ —
m ais ‘ h o ’, fö r a ‘ BHe’ — fo r a n p o m e A iu e e k o h iio h k th b b
o t ser ‘ 6 biTb’, e 3 ji. e ^ . h. npe3eHca o t ser ‘ 6 biTb’ — e ‘ h\ te ‘ naft’ — te ‘ T eß a ’,
p e ‘ H o ra ’ — pe ‘ n e ’ (Ha3BaHHe 6 yKBbi), n ös ‘ m u ’ — nos ‘ HaM, Hac\ vös ’ i u '
vo s ‘ BaM, Bac\ ün HeonpeflejieHHO-JiHHHoe MecTOHMeHne M .p. — un HeonpcflejieHHbift apTH Kjib m. p. ea. m.; T a K * e aria pa3JiHMeHHa c jih t h u x (JiopM
apTHKJia c
npeAJioraM H
h C0 10 3 0 M ca ‘ neM’ h o m o h h m h h h u x hm c jio b
H cn ojib3yeTca 3HaK yâpeH H a; cp .: ä < a + a h a (on p eflejieH H biü ap T H K jib * . p.
ea. m.); 6 < a + o h o (onpeaejieH H biM apTHKjib m. p. ea. H.); da < d e + a h
d a ‘ A a e T ’, n o < en + o h nö ‘ y 3 e ji’; c ö < ca + o h c o < c o n + o ; cä < ca + a h
ca ‘ neM ’; p r ö orpa(}>HH rajiHCHÖCKoro a3biKa CHHTaioT, h t o
npaBHjia axiteH TyauH H (j>aKTHnecKH cKonnpoB aH bi c HenaHeKHX h He O T paXCaiOT He TOJlbKO OTKpblTOCTH/ 33KpbITOCTH rjiacH bix, HO h c jio r o B y io CTpy KT y p y cjioB a, n o c K o jib K y b rajiHCHÖCKOM MHorne coneTaHHa r jia c H u x n p o H 3 HocHTca c 3HHHHeM, a He KaK flHiJiTOHrH. T aK H e cjioB a, x a x a rd u o , resid u o ,
m e m o ria , lin g u a , cjie,noBajio 6 bi nncaTb c o 3H3kom yaapeH H a: ä rd u o , residuo,
m e m ö ria ,
lin g u a ,
coqeTaH H a
KaK b
rjia c H b ix
TpeTHÖ c jio r o t
nopTyrajibCK O M , noTOM y h t o
npoH 3H ocaTca b flBa c jio r a
KOHqa [D u r ä n
1979, 243].
U H on eflarorH H ecK oii accoiiHauHH [A s o c ia c io n
b h h x KOHeHHbie
h yaapeH H e naflaeT Ha
üpaBHJia TajiKCHÜCKott c o 1980, 13— 16] n p e fljia r a io T b
3 to m cjiyn a e, KaK h b flp y r n x , cjieflOBaTb nopTyrajibC K O M y a3biKy h nncaTb
lin gu a, h is tö ria , p ä tria c o 3H3kom yâpeH H a, a c jioB a THna c o m ia , fe ria nncaTb 6e3 3HaKa yâpeH H a. 3HaK yaapeH H a n p e fljia ra e T c a TaK w e Hcn0Jib30BaTb
n o o 6 p a 3 q y n o p T y ra jib C K o ro AJia pa3JiHneHHa nepcj>eKTa h npeseHca 4 -fi <J»opMbi r jia ro jio B : c a n tä m o s —
c a n ta m o s , co llS m o s —
c o lle m o s , fe rim o s —
ferim os.
Y n o T p e 6 jieHHe fletjiHca aB jiaeTca o a h h m
H3 H a n ö o jie e ya3BHM ux nyHK-
t o b o p c J )o r p a (})H H , npefljraraeM OÜ ÜHCTHTyTOM rajiHCHÖCKoro a s u x a . A e 4>HC
Hcnojib3yeTca n p H n p H e o e flH H e H H H (JiopMbi o n p e fle jie H H o ro apTHKJia H a 1k n p e jjb iflym e ft r jia ro jib H o S <j>opMe c h c x o ^ o m
H a -r h - s h j i h k m a r o j i b H o f l
4 )0 p Me c 3 h k j i h t h KaMH nos, v o s , lies: to c ä -la g a i t a
«h l
i 6-la p lu m a ‘ flep>Kn p y n K y ’, x a
‘ n rp aT b
sab6m o -la le c iö n
iM 'i r i K H
apTHKjib, x o t h
c u ia r o jio M , cHHTaKCHHecKH o t h o c h t c h
H a BOJiuHKe',
y *e
n u y w H jiH
m h ch h io asTopoB o p -
yp o K ', lo c ö u n o -la v e z ‘ n p H iu / ia Haina o n e p e flb ’. ü o
i|)im pii(|>MH, Ae4>HC AOJiweH 0 3 H a n a T b , h t o
‘mu
k
h C B m a ii <j)OHe-
c jr c fly io iu e M y
cjiOBy.
O j l i m m i ftc * ;ic(J)Hca apTHKjib npH coeflH H aeTca k c j i o b b m to d o s , todas ‘ ß c e ’,
nm U
nttihos, e n tra m b o s ‘ o ö a ’; tö d o lo s d t a s ‘ KawßuM Jicni.', o pai e m ä i l o
n ilii ’ oumi n « ci.n i’. ä m b o lo s d ou s ‘ h t o t h flp y r o tt’. 3 iiK jiH i H H c c K H e MecTOih id m c im u i y T c a c j i h t h o c rjia ro jiO M , 6 e t jic iJ ih c ii. ü p o t h b h h k h
yttMtpiOllFHIIII Jlrl|lltlll C H H Ta iO T, HTO nHCbMO HC o ß ü IIIIIO o T p a x c a T b BCe
MMVIIHN
65
(JjoHeTHHecKHe
B apn aH T b i
c jio B a
b n 0T 0 Ke p e n n ,
h c h o Ha rpaH H U bi c jio b , n 0 3 T 0 M y
accH M H JiH poBaH H bie (JiopM bi apTH KJia:
b a llo
C a le r o
1966,
7 9 ].
yn o T p e Ö H T e jib H b iM H ,
jia A a e T .
H ecM O Tp a
Ha
O öa
»c e c T K y io
to d o s
HarmcaHHH
o flH a K o
ho
a o jd k h o
yK a3 biB aT b
n p e fljia r a e T C » He O TpaxcaTb Ha n n cb M e
p a3 A eJ ibH oe
k p m th Ky,
os
d ia s , t o c a r a g a it a [ C a r
b H a c T o a u je e
oh cbh ah o,
BpeMH
h b jd h o tc h
6e3 fle^JHca n p e o 6 -
H anncaH H e
h to
H opM bi
rpacJmKH h
op4>orpa4>HH, B b ip a ö o T a H H b ie M HCTHTyTOM ra jiH C H Ü C K oro »3 b iK a h T ajiK C H H ckoh
a K aß eM H eH , b o ö m e M
yjtaH H o o T p a w a i o T cnei;H({>HKy c o B p e v ie H H o r o
ra jiH C H 0 C K o ro n p o H 3 H o u ie n H n ; i t o ,
k o h c h h o . He H C K jn on aeT h x A a jib H e fi-
iu e r o coBepuieHCTBOBaHHH. H o o i i i i o jh u h h j t h m H o p M a M c o C T o p o H b i T e x ,
KTO CTpeMHTCH
n O pT yra jlH 3H p O B U T b IIHCbMCHliblft H3blK, OHeHb CHJIbHa H
npoHBJiHeTC» hc T o jib K o
rHHecKHX
K pyrax.
c p e jiH
M H caTfjicW
h b h 6 o jic c
r io w a jiy fl,
h (J)H JiojioroB , h o h b n e jja r o -
« p ic o
CTpcM JicHHe
k HHTerpaU H H
rajiH C H Ü C K oii h n o p T y r a jib C K o tt o p < j)orp a(j)H H B b ip a w e n o b c T a T b e 111.-A . M o h Tep o
C a H T a jib H
[M o n t e r o
S a n t a lla
1976],
n o jiy H H B m e ö
ß jia ro n p H H T H b ifi
o t k j i h k y rajlHCHHCKHX <j>HJiojioroB, a T a K w e y H 3 B ecT H oro K a T a jia H C K o ro
JlHHTBHCTa )K . K op O M H H eC a , K O TO pblft I 10CBHTHJI O T fle jlb H yiO CTaTbK ) n p o 6 jie M aM
n o p T y ra jiH 3 a u H H
rajiH CH Ü CK ott
op<j>orpa<J)HH
[C o r o m in e s
1976],
III.-A . M O H T e p O C a H T a jib H OTKpOBeHHO 3a«BJlH eT, HTO raJiHCHHCKHH )I3bIK,
H a x o fla m H H c a b iiOAHflHeHHOM n o jio w e H H H n o OTHOiueHHK) k KacTHJibc k o M y, o 6 pen eH Ha BbiM H paH H e h jih c jih h h h c c h h m , e cjiH T o jib K o o h He HanHeT
o p H e H T H p o B a T b c a Ha n o p T y ra jib C K H H , a jih n e r o h c o ö x o a h m o r ip e w A e B c e r o
yH H tJw uH poB aTb op<j>orpa<|>Hio.
^ B H w e H H e 3a n o p T y ra jiH 3 a u H K > o p4 > orp a(J w H «BJuieTCH o a h h m H3 n p o H B jie HHH
AH<J)4)e p eH AH ajlH 3M a ,
T .e.
OTTajIKHBaHHH
JlK) 6 blMH
CpeACTBaM H
OT
K a e T H jib e K o r o A3biKa [ M o r a l e j o A l v a r e z 1977, 9 5 ]. IlpoH BJieHHH AH(J)(J>epeHUH ajiH 3M a M H o r o o 6 p a 3 H b i Ha B c e x y p o B H a x «3 b iK a h ö y A y T p a c cM O T p e H b i
HHwe.
3Aecb
*e
c jie A y e T
o 6paTH Tb
BHHMaHHe
Ha
to ,
h to
CTpeM JieHne
yHHcJiHLiHpoBaTb rajiH C H H C K yio h n o p T y r a jib C K y io op(j>orpa<J>Hio H M eeT BecbMa
c jia ö y io
ra jibC K H M
jiHHrBHCTHHec Ky io
h H diaH C K H M , jie r K O
0 CH0 By. K a w A w f i , k t o 3 h b k o m c iio p T y m o h cc t yBH ACTb, h t o
öeHHOCTH c o B p e M e H H o ro ra jiH C H H C K o ro H3biKa b
<t»oiicTHHecKHe o c o -
6 o jib iu o tt cren e H H o t j i h -
n a io T e r o o t n o p T y r a jib C K o r o h c ö J iH w a io T c H cn a n cK H M . M c * A y TeM c t o Pohhhkh
n o p T y ra jiH 3 a u H H
coB epm eH H o
H e o ft o c iio m u m o
la u B J ia io T ,
h to
yHH<j>HKaqHio op $ orp a< J )H H n p o B e c T H ohcim » jic i k o . K o h c h h o , cp a B H H T ejib h o jie r K o 3aM eH H Tb 11 Ha lh , ft n a n h 7, c j i c a o i m t i . w y n o i pcßjicH H H
6 y k b b, v h
Aecjm ca n o p T y ra jib C K O M y . H o ih m c iiu x im y., j. n ite A c iiiic ^ h ss, pa3JiHneHHe
K O T o p b ix
ne o ip a jK iic r
iih k m k o II (J jo iici ii'ie i k o II p c iijii. iio c t h , n p H B eA eT k
3a Tp yA H C H H N M R OIIJIUACHHH y l l l l l l H M I K N lip illlH I I IIHC l.M a . C a M b IM CHJIbHbIM
n p e n n TC TB H C M im i i y r n y iiH ( ) ) ii k h h k m opi|>oipiti|>HH h b j ih c t c « H a jiH H H e b n o p ry ra jib C K O M ß o j n . u i o io h h cjih iio c o m i.i* i m iu iii.ix h a h ^ t o h t o b , b t o m HHCJie
b
ho
c o c Ta B e
rp a M M a iH M C C K H X
p a A H B b ic u ie r o 6 j ia n t
JIHC HHUeB
Iip H S b lB a tO T
llo ftlH
<|iopMMim>ii.
J ro r
(jia K T n p H 3 H a e Tc a b c c m h ,
mii. ik o iio i o c a h h c t b 3 c n o p T y r a j in e f i —
HII
«C p TBb l
H n p H H H Tb
Ta K H e
ra -
TH Ö p H A H b ie
7 B. T a p c H * ne f l H e r o B U C T yn u i n i m i t B p e M » n p o T H B H c n 0 J ib 3 0 B a H H » f l H r p a ( } i o B l h h n h ,
K0T0pue h b n o p T y r a j i b C K O M f l B J i m o n x laHMcrBOBaHHHMH m npoBaHcajibCKoro [Garcia de D ie
g o 1979, 112],
66
naciom b m c c t o n a c i r t n ‘ i i a p o j i ’ , c s t u c o m
nopT. naâo, esta p o [Corom inc* I97ft|.
4 > o p M b i, K a K , H a n p H M e p ,
taciön ‘ cTaHUHa’;
C to p o h h h k h
cp.
bm ccto
cs-
n o p T y rajiH 3auH H op i{> orp a (j)H H o c y m c c r n jiM io r c h o h miimc-
peHHH Ha n p a K T H K e h b m c c t o c jieflO B aH H a B b ip u fio iu h iii.im
jih iiih h i iiim h
H opM aM , n p e f ljia r a io T pa3JiHHHbie BapnaH Tbi n o p T y n u m t H p o a n im o ll
rpa<j)HH, h t o B e ^ eT k H a c T o a m e ß H3biK0B0Ö a H a pxH H . U p H n cjtcM n K tt'irt- 1Be n p H M e p a o t p h b o k
rp a({)H H
n epeßoaa
«ß
T p a H C K p n n i;H H b n o p T y r a jm iH p o n a im o ll opi|)ii
H eKoeß
p yccK oß
ck33kh,
K O T o p y io
c jic jiu ji
K,
A V I»«»
[Durän 1979]:
H avia fla vez un pastor cobigoso que estava a assar nun assador, e mul» un p u b i» il» |itilli
que non tinha nada que assar. O ünico que tinha o pobre era fla bica que non Ile mthln * imil*
A chegöu-se o pobre 5|fogueira e puxo-se a afum ar a bica.
— Que estäs a fazer, ho? — perguntou o pastor.
— Q uero que a minha bica colha o ch eiro da carne. Assi darä go sto con tt-l*.
— Pois ti 6s un ladrön — dixo o pastor.
— P o r que un ladrön?
— N on ves que a fogu eira 6 minha? E mais a carne tarnen e minha? Pois lo g o o fumc $ n i lioli■•
son meus. T i apropiaches-te do alheio. V am os ao juez...
mh
3ß ecb
B H ßH M y n o T p e ß jie H H e
n o p T y r a jib C K H X
nh, Ih, *», |.
rp a ^ eM
,i;e<{>H ca B M ecTO c j i h t h o t o H a n n c a H H a r j i a r o n a h 3 h k j i h t h k h , n o p T y r a j n . i n m
H a n n c a H H e f a z e r b m c c t o f a c e r , n o p T y r a J i b C K y i o a K i t e H T y a u H i o : c o m fc - lM , l i n l
ro n
( h o h la d r ö n
n o H e flo c M O T p y t o
j ih
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to
j ih
H a6opm H K a)
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h
; ui * r
Bonpoca. Ilu
n n c a H H e ü a , b h ^ h m o , H a B e a H o c p e flH e B e K O B b iM H T e K C T a M H .
H e j i b 3 a O T p n u a T b n0Jie3H0CTH o ß p a m e H H a k flp y r H M poM aH C KH M H3 UKUM
c fl j i H T e j i b H o ü jiH T e p a T y p H O H T p a flH U H e ü n p H B b ip a ö o T K e H o p M M jia ß o n H C h M eH H oro
a 3 b iK a ,
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b
ashhom
c jiy n a e
penb
H fle T
b o R H H T e r p a u H H , n p H M eM 3 T a H H T e r p a iin a h o c h t
TypojiorH M ecKH fi
xapaK Tep.
6 e c n 0 K 0 H T n p o ö J ie M a
fle jia M H
r a jiH C H H ,
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o
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h h c t o s jiH T a p H b iß ,
ra jiH C H H C k h x
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n03T0M y
ohh
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flB y X C O T MHJ1JIHOHOB H ejlO B eK B p a 3 H b IX MaCTBX C B eT a . n p H
3TOM OHH 3a -
ß b iB a io T , h t o
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n o n y jia p H O C T H
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B e ^ e H H a a B J ia io T c a e r o x y ^ o jK e c T B e H H b ie fl0 C T 0 H H C T B a , K O T O p b ie c n o c o Ö H M
n p e o ^ o jie T b
jii o G b i e
s n b iK O B b ie
npH 3H aH H io r a jiH c n f ic K H x
6apbepu .
IIo K a
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no
co6cT B eH H O M y
< j>H jiojioroB , r a jiH C H Ö C K a a J iH T e p a T y p a o c T a e T c a
M a j i o H 3 B e c T H o ß fla a c e b c o c e f l H e ß I l o p T y r a j i H H .
n o p T y r a j J H 3 H p y i o m H £ T e H f le H U H H b o p < j > o r p a ( j ) H H c o c o 6 o f i c h j i o H n p o a B H jiH C b
b
7 0 -e
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h
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f l e p * H B a j i c a o p $ o r p a 4 » H H , o c H O B a H H O H H a $ O H e T H H e c K o ß p e a jib H O C T H c o B p e M e H H o r o m b i K a . 3 T y o p $ o r p a 4 > H i o H e o ö o c H O B a H H O 3 a K jie ftM H J iH k b k K a c T H jiH 3 H p y K )in y K ». x o t h e e o c o 6 c h h o c t h
M e x tA y
r a jiH c n ß c kh m
h
o ß y c j i o B j i e H b i m h o t h m h c x o iK jie H H a M H
K a c T H jib c k h m
n p o H 3 H o u ie H H e M .
H o rm H
Bapw aH T
o p t }i o r p a (| )H M c c K H x n p a B H j i , H 3 f l a H H b i ß T a j i H C H ß c K o ß a K a f l e M H e t t h H H C T H T y to m
r a jiH C H flc ic o i o
g a le g o
H iu iK ii
[Norm as
1 9 8 2 ], c o , u c p > « H i
r p a ^ H io
c n o p T y r a jib C K o ß .
m ukn
o r to g r d fic a s
e m o r fo lö x ic a N
d o id io m a
m o m c h t o b , c ß j i H X c a i o i i i H X r n j m c H f l c K y i o op< | > o-
m
T ju ib h u m h
ero
C H J ia M H b C o p h ß c
w cTopH n ecK oe
c x a a c o i^ H o n e A a r o r H M C C K U M a e c o u H a u H U
pycno"
in " h o » B p a m e H H e
n h jim io ic h
h r a jiH C H fliK A H
T a jiH C H ß -
a i t o u H a q H a a 3 b iK a
67
[A s s o c ia p o m
n p o öjieM b i
G a le g a da L in g u a ], P e 3 KO H3MeHHJi c b o io TOMKy 3peH H » Ha
ra^HCHHCKoft
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h t o He c y m e c T B O B a jio c a M o r o J i H T e p a T y p H o r o »3biK a. n o c K o j i b K y b T a j i H ch h
JiH TepaTypH oro
(jjyH K U H H
ra jIH C H Ü C K O M ,
eC T eC TB eH H O ,
«3biK a
He
HCKOHHOtt JieKCHKe; BCHKHH
6bIJ10
K y jIb T H 3 M
BbinojiHHji
K a c T H jib c k h h ,
npO TH B O n O C TaB JieH H H
b caM O M
J ia TH H H 3M 0B
B y C T a X r a jlH C H H U a C H H TajIC a npH-
H a A J ie * H 0 C T b K ) K a e T H J ib e K o r o » 3 b iK a , T .e . c y m e c T B O B a jio p a B eH C T B O ” K y jib TH 3 M =
B
K a cT H J iH 3 M ” [S c h ro te n 1981, 257],
CHTyaqHH AByH 3b IH H H
fip O H H KHOBeHHe
KyjlbTH3M0B
B
rajTH C H H C KH Ü
KacTHjibc k h h , h t o b npHHUHne He m ohcct p a c c M a Tp H BaTfcca K a K K a c T H jiH 3 a u n a rajiHCHHCKoro; penb HfleT 06 o ö m e M jiaTHHCKOM
n p o H c x o flH T nepe3
(JlOHfle KHHHCHblX CJIOB, KOTOpbie B pa3HbIX pOMaHCKHX B3bIKaX HMeiOT He-
3HaHHTejibHbie 4)0HeTHHecKHe
CTpeM JieHHH
[T a M * e , 248]. O ^H aK o b pe3yjibTaTe
rajiHCHHCKoro H KaCTHJlbCKOrO H3bIK0B
o t j ih h h h
K AH(J)(})epeHUHaUHH
KHH>KHbie cjioB a, HenpaB0MepH0 paccM aTpnBaeM bie KaK KacTHJiH3Mbi, n o flB ep raioT ca n p o u e c c a M nceBA03B0jii0UHH, ” AeKacTHJiH3aitHH” , h tb k h m 06 pa30M B03HHKaeT o rp o M H o e KOjiHHecTBO nceBAoranHCH3MOB.
r ip n
c o 3 fla H H H
r e p H b ie f ljia
n c e B fl0 r a jiH C H 3 M 0 B
K 0 H C 0 H a H T H b ie
rp yn n w ,
H exapaK -
h c k o h h w x rajiH C H H C K H X cjio b , p a 3 p y iu a K » T c a , h o n o - p a 3 H O M y
y p a 3 H b ix r o B o p a m n x
h
n H i u y m n x . H a n p H M e p , n o a H a jio r H H c T p a K T O B K o ß
i p y m i b i f - k t - ] b c jioB a x h c k o h h o to 4>oha3 p e c t u > p e i t o ‘ r p y f l b ’, l a c t e > le i t e
‘ m o iio k o ’ B o iH H K a io T a s p e i t o , a i t o , p e r f e i t o , e s a i t o b m c c to a s p e c t o , a c t o ,
p e r l c i l o , csiicto. OflHaKO b c o ß p e M e H H b ix r o B o p a x <})O H eTH H ecK H fl ih k o h
| kl |
• | j,l | V )« i‘ n e fle ü c T B y e T ; b n p o c T o p e H H H [ k ] n e p e x o f l H T n e
N |y|
im p r u lo ,
(Jm pM W » m
p n k -u to ,
d o u to r
b
b m c c to a s p e c t o , p e r f e c t o , d o c t o r .
[ij, a
F cjih
p r m i i 1 r j i i . i i o o T B e p r a i o T c a H o p M a jiH 3 a T o p a M H t n i . m i , x o th oh h
HN'IH H M H II MONHIIN I l.l H II IIHCbMCHHOH peH H C C aM O TO HBHUJIII I IIJIHCHÜCKOrO
N o ip iittJ U 'liH N
I A I o iin o
M o n lr m
1 9 7 0 , SO ], t o
(]>opMbi c |y| jio n y c K a io T c a
R MMi'bMPMiiyMi p e il. mttk oipiD K ciiH e peajibH ofl n ep n .i p m i ou npiioft penn.
H jih i •!»*» I vp iitiM npnii iii11111n iii 11 jion ycK aeT ca u ih m iiiiu iih n |k ]: e fec to
d o c t o [ d ö t o ] , h o Ha n n c b M e 6 yK B a c flo n a c H a c o x p a H H T b c a K a K 3H äK
[efe to ],
O TK p biTO C T H
n p e fliu e c T B yio in e ro
[G a le g o
rjia c H o ro
19 7 6 , 3 3 ], r a jiH C H H C K aa
c o q H o n e A a r o r H H e c K a a a c c o u n a u H f l n p e f l j i a r a e T c o x p a H H T b c Ha nHCbMe n o c
j i e e , a , o: p r a c t i c a , o c t o s i l a b o , h o o n y c K a T b , n o c n e i h u :
a
He e stru c tu ra ,
v ic t im a
HepeAKO
MO JK H O
pHaHTbi
o flH o ro
M H o ra e
AaB H o
BCTpeTHTb
h
paHee
Toro
Ha
» e
1980,
O flH O H
cjio B a :
K H H * H b ie
c jio B a ,
1 9 ].
H TOH
B
e s t r u t u r a , v it im a ,
T e K C T e H a r a jlH C H H C K O M
» e
CTpaHHUe
estru ctu ra,
estro itu ra
y K o p e H H B iiiH C b
[ k ] h T e n e p b He o m y m a i o T c a
y T e p a jiH
jih h jt c h
[ A s o c ia c iö n
b
pa3JIH H H bie Baestrutu ra.
h jih
pa3F0B0pH 0H
K a K B y jib r a p H 3 M b i
h
peH H ,
He hb-
n c e B f lo r a j iH C H 3 M a M H : le it o r , le itu r a , p e r fe it o , d ir e it o , d o u t o r , a n o -
T O M y M o r y T 6 b iT b a o n y m e H b i
Tpynna
” corjiacH b ifi +
‘ k jiio h ’, p l a n u
chan
>
jiH T e p a T y p H b ifi H 3biK.
b
P’ flaeT [ t j ]
b h c k o h h u x cjioB ax: c la v e >
‘ iijio c k h h ’. B
c jio ß a x
k h h w h o to
chave
npoHcxowfleHHH
K O j i e ß a H H a M e * fly K + 1 h K + r, n o cK o jib K y b n p o cT o p e hhh BCHKoe [1] b -jTofi rio3HUHH n ep exoflH T b [r ]. I l p e f l j i a r a e T C H ßonycTHTb
H a 6 j iK ) fla iO T C H
b H op M y T e
cjioB a c [ r ] ,
K0T0pbie y * e
ocBsmjeHbi a a B H H M
y3ycoM h H e
HM eioT npocTopeM HoK OKpacKH: c ra v o ‘ rB03Ab\ fr a c o ‘ cjia6biH ’, fr o l ‘ u b c to k ’,
b ra n c o ‘ 6ejibift\ B c jio a a x , coxpaH H B iunx c b o k j KHHHCHOCTb, [ r ] c jie ß y eT H36 eraT b : clim a , a m a b l e , e s p lic a r [A s o c ia c iö n 1 9 8 0 , 1 9 ; G a l e g o 1 9 7 6 , 4 2 ] .
T p y n n a [-k "s -] b h c k o h h w x c j i o ß a x a a e T [ - J - ] : m a t a x a >
m a x illa
>
m e ix e la
‘ m e K a ’.
K a K [s]:
e s a c to , p r ö s im o ,
B
K y jib T H 3 M a x
m a d e i x a ‘ m o t o k ’,
TpaKTOBaTb
n p e A J ia r a e T c a
ee
h O T B e p r a r o T c a T a K H e n p o c T o p e H H b ie Bapn aH Tbi,
K aK p r ö is im o , e is it o , e n s a m e / e i s a m e , e is ix ir B M ecTO p r ö s im o , e s it o , e s a m e ,
e s ix ir
[G a le g o
1976,
[ e i s - ] xapaKTepHO
a j ih
[e n -, e s-] [ E n r iq u e z
Tpynny
[-k ö -]
4 1 ].
3npHKec
M .
OTM enaeT,
h to
n p o H 3 H o u ie H H e
penn C T a p i u e r o n o K O jie H H a , M j i a a u i e e npeflnoHHTaeT
1 9 7 6 , 1 4 6 , 1 4 7 ],
n p eA J ia ra eT ca
y n p o iy a T b
K y jib T H 3 M a x
b
b
[0 ]r
c o n fe c iö n ,
a c iö n , c o n s t r u c iö n ; O T B e p ra K > T c a n p o c T o p e H H b ie (jjo p M b i c o n f e u c i ö n , a u c iö n ,
c a l e f a u c i ö n , KaK h B b m y M a H H b ie c o n f e i c i o n , a ic io 'n , c a l e f a i c i ö n [ G a le g o 19 7 6 ,
4 1 , 3 4 ],
T p y n n a [-p t-] O Tpaw aeTC H
ru ptu
B
>
roto
KaK [t] b h c k o h h w x c n o B a x : se p te >
‘ c j i o M a H H w ß ’,
K y jib T H 3 M a x
c a p tiv u
n p eA J ia ra eT ca
>
c a tiv o
o cT a B jia T b
3Ty
rp yn n y
6e3
-b s-,
-gn -,
b
-ns-,
K y jib T H 3 M a x H flp y rn e , 6 o jie e p e ^ K H e r p y n n b i
-b j-]
h
t
.^ .;
t e c n ic a ,
co n c e p c iö n ,
a b s o lu t e ) ,
‘ n j i o x o f i ’.
H 3M eH eH H a:
p r e c e p t o , a c e p t a r , a He p r e c e i t o , p r e c e u t o , a c e i t a r , a c e u t a r [ T a M
C o x p a H H K jT C fl
s e t e ‘ c e M b ’,
‘ M a j i e H b K H Ü ’,
» e , 3 3 , 3 4 ],
f-p ö -, -k n -,
ig n o ra r,
con-
s c ie n t e , o u x e t o , a He c o n c e i c i ö n , t e u n ic a , a u s n lu t o , in o r u r , c o s c ic n t e , o u x e t o .
C to p o h h h kh
n o p T y r a j ib C K o ii
o p h ch tu u h h
j iM T c p iir y p iio r o
H ib iK a
npH-
3 b iB a io T c j i e ^ o B a T b n o p T y r a J ib C K o t t op<J)oi p»<|)HH c o o i H e i c m y i o i U H X c j i o b
n n caTb e f e it o , d e fe it o ,
OT
TOTO,
h
n o e lc c t iv o , cfcctu oso, p ro jcc to , curactcr n e ?a B H C H M 0
KaK 3TH CJIOBII
lipOH 1 IIOCHTCM.
llp H II.IR lIlO T c jie j;o B a T b
nopTy-
ra jib C K O M y h n p n iiu iiiic iiiiiim • i n r i u x h K y jn .in im ü x BapnaitTOB cv(})(J)h k cob
- a n c ia / -a n / a ,
- c n c ia /- e ii/ n ,
< .io/ -/ o,
-e ia / - z a ,
- c iö n / - z ö n , -sicSn, -.si\n n o c c iiiitn m iM H a ii, "
a b c jio B a x c cy<j)4>HKcaMH
hckohhw c”
<J)opMbi 6 e 3 HOTa, T .e.
n pH M eH H Tb iic c B A O in o J U o n iiio |C, 1978b, 107, 108]. IIp H J ia r a T e jib H b ie c cy<J>4>hkcom - b l e oßbHBJiHio ic h
4>opM bi c - b e l / - v e l : a m ä b c l
H B J ia e T C H
em e
oahhm
k i u i ii
iiM 3 M a M ii.
h
n p e A J ia ra e T c a 3 a M e H «T b h x Ha
u m c i i o a m a b le , p o s i v e l b m c c t o p o s ib le . B c e
n p o M ijic m ic M
C T p e M j ie H H a
o t KacTHJibc K o r o , T .e . AH ())(])cprM iiiiaJiH 3M a.
O T ^ a j iH T b
3t o
n u iH C H f ic K H t t
C o 3 fla H n e
n c e ß flo ra jiH C H 3 M O B
CKOH a fla n T a U H H
n p o H C x o flH T b
m o jkc t
ny Te M
<J)OHeTHHe-
K aC TH JlH 3M O B. 3a H M C TB O B a H H B H3 KaCTHJlbC KOTO H M e iO T
C B o e o 6 p a 3 H b iH x a p a K T e p , e c jiH n p o n c x o f l a T n o n p H H H H e He3H aHH a n n m y iu H M
HJIH
rO B O p flLU H M
3a H M C TBO Ba H H H ,
HCKOHHOTO
n o c K o jib K y
rajiH C H H C KOTO CJIOBa.
npH
3TO M
KaK
CyÖ T>eKTHBHO 3 TO
6 bi p e K O H C Tp y H p y e TC «
He
Hecy-
m e c TB y io m e e ra jiH C H H C K o e c j io b o , h c x o a h H3 H 3 B e c TH b ix ra jiH c n fic K O -K a c TH Jlb C K H X 4>OHeTHHeCKHX C O O TB e TC TBH H . T a K H M n y T e M B03H H KJ1H rH Ö p H flH b ie
4>opMbi c o n e x o ‘ k p o j ih k ’ (n c n . c o n e jo , r a j i. c o e llo ), cexa ‘ 6 p o B b ’ (n c n . ceja,
r a j i. c e lla ), p a re x a ‘ n a p a ’ (n c n . p a re ja , r a j i. p a re lla ), fa s ta ‘ a o ’ (n c n . h a sta ,
r a j i.
h a s tr a ) ,
G a le g o
h to
fo u la
1976,
‘ B O jiH a ’ (n c n .
104, 105; G u e rra
h H e K 0 T 0 p b ie A p y rw e
oöb iM H b iM H
o la ,
r a j i.
1 9 7 9 ], 3 t h
onda
[ R o jo
19746, 247, 248;
c jio B a n o c T H r jia T a * e c y a b ö a ,
n c e B ,n o ra jiH C H 3 M b i h B y jib ra p H 3 M b i: o h h C Ta jiH
b jiH T e p a T y p H O M
« 3 b iK e . B o jie e
T o ro , b H e K 0 T0 p u x
c jiy n a a x
n p o H 3 o u u ia AH<j)4)epeHUHauHfl 3H a neH H H h c k o h h o t o ra jiH C H H C K o ro c jio B a h
c o o T B e T C T B y io m e ro n c e B A o ra jiH C H 3 M a ; r o B o p a T p a re x a de n a m o ra d o s ‘ nap o H K a B J iio ö J ie H H b ix ’, h o p a re lla de b o is ‘ na p a b o jio b ’ (b o a h o ö ynpaacKe),
x a u la ‘ K J ie T K a ’ (H 3 n c n . ja u la ) —
h o h 3 y 6 ’ (H 3 n c n . m u e la ) —
jio a c K a ’ —
g a io la ‘c h jio k AJia n T H i j ’, m u e la ‘ KopeH-
m o a ‘ M e jib H H H H b iH w e p H O B ’, c u lle r ‘ 6 o jib iu a a
c u c h a ra (w en. c u c h a ra ) ‘ jio>K Ka ( jiio 6 a a ) ’ h flaace b H e K 0 T 0 p w x
M e e TH o e TH X m o r r e r ‘ n o flb ix a T b (o ä h b o t h o m ) ’ —
m o r i r ‘ y M H p a Tb (o jiio -
f la x ) ’ [ A lo n s o M o n t e r o 1 9 7 0 , 4 0 , 4 1 ; 1 9 7 7 , 3 7 , 3 8 ].
Em e o a hhm
b
n p o H B Jie H H e M aH(J)(J)epeHUHajiH3M a » B jia e T c a y n o Tp e ß jie H H e
JiHTepaTypHOM a3biKe n p o c T o p e n H b ix <J)opM
T opbie, n 0 - B H flH M 0 M y ,
H3biKe
MeHee
c j io b
(ByjibrapH3M OB),
ko -
CHJiy O T e y T e T B H a C T p o rH X HOpM B rajiH C H H C KOM
b
o m y m a to T c a
K a K Ta K O B b ie ,
ra p H 3 M b i He 0 6 a 3 a T e n b H 0
6 e p yTc a
neM
b
a p y rn x
s 3 b iK a x .
B y jib -
npaM O H3 p a 3 ro B o p H O H peHH, h o m o -
r y T H 3 o 6 p e T a Tb c a caM HM n n u iy m H M . B y jib ra p H 3 M b i «B JiaioTca p e 3 y jib Ta TO M
c jie A y ro m n x
4 > °HeT HHecKHX
npou eccoB ,
hc hbhx
b
p a3 ro B o p H ofi penn:
1)
A H C C HM HjiaLjHa: fe r t u n a , r o m e d io , s o m a n a , d e c u m e n to , c e le b ro , m a d a s tra ,
p a d ra s to
bm c c to
fo rtu n a
‘c yßbG a ’, re m e d io
‘ c p e flc tB o ’, se m a n a ‘ H eAejia’,
d o c u m e n to ‘ A O K y M e H T’, c e re b ro ‘ M 0 3 r ’, m a d ra s tra ‘ M a n e x a ’, p a d r a s tr o ‘ o t hhm
’; 2 ) a ccH M HJiHUH a :
istan te, o s e rv a r
bm c c to
p o lm o n ia , a n a m o ra d o , m a m o ria , c u s tiö n , so le n e ,
p u lm o n ia ‘ ß o c n a jie H H e j ie r K H x ’, e n a m o ra d o ‘ b j h o 6 -
jie H H b iß ', m e m o ria ‘ n a M a T b ’, c u e s tio n ‘ B o n p o c ’, s o le m n e ‘ To p »c e c TB e H H b iH ’,
in s ta n te ‘ M rH O B e H H e ’, o b s e r v a r ‘ H a 6 jiK > A a Tb ’; 3 ) n p o T e 3 a , 3 n e H Te 3 a h n a p a ro ra
r ji a c H b i x : a r r a d io , a p illa r ,
a d e v e rtir,
e sta b e le c e r, n a d ia , p a p a e, eue b m c c t o
ra d io ‘ p a ^ n o ’, p illa r ‘ x B a T a T b ’, a d v e rtir ‘ 3 a M e n a Tb ’, e sta b le c e r ‘ ycTaHaBJiHB a T b ’, na d a ‘ h h h t o ’, pa pä ‘ n a n a ’, eu ‘ a ’; 4 ) C H H K o n a rjia c H b ix : d e se s p ra d o ,
e s p r ito ,
p ä rc e m e ,
e s p ir it o
‘ a y x ’,
d ifre n te ,
p a rec em e
in t r e s a r
‘ MHe
bm c c to
d esesp erad o
KaaceTca’, d ife re n te
‘ o T H a a B u in ftc a ’,
‘ p a 3 jiH H H b iö ’, in te r e s a r
‘ H H Te p e c o B a T b ’; 5 ) M e Ta Te 3 a : e s q u ir b ir , p e r g u n ta r , d e sc u d ia r, fe d a g o b m c c t o
e s c r ib ir
‘ n n c a T t.’,
p re g u n ta r
‘ c n p a u iH B a T b ’,
d e s e u id a r ‘ He 6 e c n 0 K 0 H T b c a ’,
fe g a d o ‘ ne ne H b ’; 6 ) a n o K o n a -de b cytj>. -d a d e : s a lü , b o n d ä , soe dä b m c c t o
sa lu d e ‘ 3 flo p o B b e ’, b o n d a d e ‘ ,a o 6 p o Ta \ soe da d e ‘ o a h h o h c c t b o ’.
rp a $ H H e C K H M H
B y jIb r a p H 3 M a M H ,
KO TO pb IM HHMerO He C o o T B e T C T B y e T B
n p o H 3 H o m e H H H , n p H 3 H a K > Tc a H a n n c a H H a c o h e B M e c To u h i b flH < j)TO H ra x :
ig o a l,
M a n o e l,
lin g o a ,
m is t e r e o ,
rä b e a , h e s tö re a
b m c c to ig u a l, M a n u e l,
lin g u a , m is t e r io , ra b ia , h is t o r ia [G a le g o 1 9 7 6 , 7 0 , 7 1 ]. B pa3A ene O AH<j>TO Hrax
y K a 3 b iB a jio c b , h t o , n o
m h c h h io
H e K O To p w x
H c c jie a o B a Te jie H , fla H H b ie co-
73
H eTaH H H r j i a c H b i x b ra jiH C H H C K O M a s b iK e M o r y T n p o H 3 H o c H T b c a b A B a c jio ra ,
n03T0M y
H a n H c a H H fl
c o
h
e,
B epoaTH O ,
H B jia io T c a
n o n b iT K o ft
0Tpa3H Tb
c jio r o B o li x a p a K T e p r j i a c H o r o . n o c K o j i b K y T B e p A b ie o p ijjo s n H H e c K H e HopMbi
O T c y T C T B y io T , C K a 3 a T b h t o - j i h 6 o o n p e a e j i e H H o e n o 3 T O M y B o n p o p y 'T p y A H o .
[T a K KaK b h c k o h h w x c jio B a x c yâpeHHeM Ha TpeTbeM c jio r e o t kohua b 3ayaapHOM c jio r e M o ry T 6 biTb TOJibKO rjiacHbie e, o , a, Hepe^KO
h
KyjibTH3Mbi c TeM * e
THnoM yâpeHHa npH cnocaßjw B aioTC H k T p a f lH -
U h oh h oh MOAeJin; TaK B03HHKai0T p ä le d o , ä m b e to , m üseca, ü lte m o , c ä lc o lo ,
c ir c o lo BMecTO p ä lid o , ä m b ito , m üsica, u ltim o , c ä lc u lo , c irc u lo .
Ctopohhhkh
ByjibrapH3MOB aojhkhm
y n o T p e ß jie H H a
jio n p H a T H b i i i <}>aKT,
hto
y H H T b iB a T b
to t
M a -'
M H o r n e n p H B e A e H H b ie B b im e n p o c T o p e H H b i e <}>opM bi
B O B ce H e a B J ia io T c a H C K J iio H H T e jib H o fi n p H H a A J iea < H 0 C T b K ) r a j i H c n f i c K o r ö H 3 u K a,
a
h b A p yrn x
pacn pocTpaH eH bi
22, 23].
Il0 3 T 0 M y
y n o T p e ß jie H H e
o 6 jia c T a x
H cn aH H H
[Rabanal 1967,
ByjibrapH3M0B BOBce He noMoraeT a«4>-
4> epeH U H a itH H r a j i n c H Ü c K o r o h K a c T H jib C K o r o , a Jin rn b B b ic T a B jia e T b C M e iu hom
C B eT e
nHCbMeHHbiii H3biK b r j i a 3 a x ctopohhhx H a ß j i i o -
A a T e jie ü .
B
H eK 0T0pw x
n p H o 6 p e jiH
H eH b i
b
nepBOHanajibHO
c jiy n a a x
c a M O C T O « T e jib H b ie
J iH T e p a T y p H O M
c jiO B a M H ; c p . ;
a 3 b iK e
c o n c e n c ia
H apaAy
3 a K jiio H e H H e
c
n p o c T o p e H H b ie
(J )o p M b i
n0T0M y
6 b iT b
o t m c th m
em e
M o ry T
c o o T B e T C T B y io m H M H
‘ H ee T H o e T b ’ h c o n c ie n c ia
K O C T b ’, ‘ x H T p o c T b ’ h c i e n c i a ‘ H a y K a ’
B
a
3H aneH H a,
c jio b
coxpa-
kh h xch um h
‘ co 3 H a H H e’„c e n c ia
‘ jio b -
[Garcia Negro 1984, 31].
TaKH e
n p o a B jie H H a
AH(j«}»epeHLiHajiH3Ma,
K a K n o p T y r a j i H 3 a u H i o H e K O T o p w x rajiH C H H C K H X cjiob , H a n p H M e p o n y m e H H e
iio T a
b e s tu d a r, tru ta , n e r v o s o
1976, 82] h
a p x a H 3 a iiH io
n a ce r, a p a re ce r, fr o r e c e r [T a M
M to
K acaeTca
b m c c to e s t u d i a r , t r u i t a , n e r v i o s o [ G a l e g o
H anncaH H a:
oTH om eH H a
»e ,
n a scer,
a p a re s c e r, fr o r e s c e r
b m c c to
60— 62],
a3biKa k A H a n eK T a M , t o
b
cH jiy He3HaHHTejibHocTH AHajieKTHbix pacxoacAeHHÜ n p o ß jieM a O Tßopa AHajieK TH bix B a p H a m o B a j i a ra jiH C H Ü C K oro He c t o h t |TaK o c T p o , KaK b A p y r n x
«3 b iK ax; TaK H e a p K H e A H a jieK T H b ie aBjieHHa, KaK seseo h g h e a d a , TpaAHUHOHHO OTBepraK>Tca jiH TepaTypHbiM « m k o m . T o p a 3 A O 6 o jie e cjioh ch m m h ,
KaK ß w jio T oJ ib K o h t o
n 0 K a 3 a H 0 , a B jia io T c a n p o ß jie M b i o T H o u ieH H a ra jiH -
CHÜCKoro JiH TepaTypH oro a3biKa
k n p o c T o p e n m o , KacTHjibcKOMy h n o p T y -
rajibCKOMy a3biKaM, n p o ß jie M b i ocBoeHHa JiaTHHH3M0B. llpoH iB O ji ro B o p a m n x
h nnuiym H X, pemaJOLUHX n o C B oeM y ycMOTpeHHK) i t h
n poßjieM bi, a o c t h t
T a K o fi CTeneHH, h t o nH CbM eH H biii ra jiH c n flc K H fl h i n k , » e p T B y pa3JiHHHoro
poA a
JiHHrBHCTHHecKHx 3 KcnepHMCHTOB,
Hcpc;(KO « M c i i y i o T O C ris to d a s
lin g u as ( h c h t o B p o A « X p n c r a o t jih iii r m c t h k h ); nnpoHCM, X . X . M o p a jie x o
Ä JIB apeC C ßÖJlblllH M OCIIOnUIIHCM IlfllklNM CI w o OTOpBaHHOe OT peajIbH O Ü
rajiHCHftcKofl pcHH o ß p u io R M H H e "iiHCTORUtHM n p 0 (j)eccH0 HajibHbiM xcaprohom ”
iie K O T o p o tt
A lv a r e z 1982, 56],
HucTH (JiHJiojioroR, iih c iire jie ö
h nojiH TH KO B [M o r a le jo
3
T jia B a
rn A rojibH A fl
c h c t e m a
r A J IH C H flC K O r O
COCTAB
B ce
r jia r o j i b i
J tt b lK A
r J lA r O J Ib H fa IX
H3biKa,
O O PM
n o A o 6 Ho
KacmnbCKHM
h
nop
T yrajib C K H M , p a c n p e fle ju n o T c a M ew A y TpeM H T n n a M H cnpsweHHH: l- e in p N
w eH H e —
HHe
r j i a r o j i b i Ha -er, 3-e ciipM mr
r ji a r o j i b i Ha -a r , 2 -e cnp aaceH H e —
r ji a r o j i b i
—
Ha
-ir.
H aH 6on ee
h b jiü iotcn
M HoroHHCJieHHbiMH
i ii«
TOJlbl l - r o C n p H Ä eH H fl, K KOTOpbIM OTHOCHTCH KaK HCKOHHbie, TBK H Killt m
Hbie
B TOM
CJTOBa,
HHCJie CO
caM H -e a r , - e x a r , - iz a r .
3a
b
H CK jnoneH H eM
H aeTH oeTH ,
rjia r o jio B
Ha - e c e r .
Ko
2 -M y
c n p a w e H H io
‘ y M H p a T b ’, x e m e r ‘ cT O H a T b ’ h AP-,
H M e io T
cooT B eTC T B H eM
HeceHHH r jia r o j i o B
cy (|><)»tl *«
n pO flyK TH B H bIM H
r j i a r o j i b i e r g u e r ‘ n o A H H M a T b ’, d e r r e t e r
n e T b ’, m o r r e r
H3biKe
CpaBHHTejlbHO
2 -e c n p a w e H H e n o T e p a n o c b o k j np o^yK T H aiioc
k o 2 -M y h jih
r jia r o jib i
3 -ro
11.,
o th o c h h m
‘ T aH T b ’, f e r v e r ‘ k i i
K O T o p b ie b HenaHe kom
cn p aw eH H H .
O AH aK O
b or
k 3 -M y c n p H *e H H K ) H a 6 jiK>AaiOTCH k o jic
öaHHH, n 0 3 T 0 M y m oh ch o BCTpeTH Tb, H an p H M ep , peK O M eH Aai;H H o t h o c h t i .
k o 2 -M y cnpHMceHHK) m a r o j i b i d i c e r ‘ r o B o p H T b ’, e le x e r ‘ Bbi6 H p a T b ’, e s c r e b e r
‘ n n c a T b ’ h AP-, b h a h m o , n o o 6 p a 3 u y n o p T y r a jib C K o r o H3biKa, x o t h o 6 b i4 H o
3 th r jia r o jib i T p a K TyioTCH k a K r n a r o / ib i 3 - r o cnpnw eH H H .
OCo 6 eHHOCTbIO
OTJIHHHTejTbHOH
cyTCTBHe
r jia r o jiO M
fe c to
jiHTepaTypHoft H o p M e
b
h ab er,
a c tu a l,
c o m p u e s to
c o o T B e T C T B y io m H X
P r e te r ito
en
el
rajiHCHHC KOTO
<j>opM
pasado
h repyH AH H .
B ro ß o p a x
p e6 ji«K )T C 5 i,
h to
*e
H enaH eKH M
p lu s c u a m p e r fe c t o ,
t e r it o p lu s c u a m p e r fe c t o
hhahKaTHB a,
H3bIKa
r jia r o jia
c
4 > °P M aM
F u tu ro
P r e t e r ito
HBJiaeTCH
OT-
B c n o M o ra T e jib H b iM
P r e t e r it o
c o m p u e s to
p e r fe c to
h
per-
F u tu ro
a c tu a l,
P re
K O H lIO H KTH Ba H CJlOHCHblM <})OpMaM HH(])HHHTHBa
A e ü c T B H T e n b H o aH ajiH TH n ecK H e tjjopM bi He y n o T -
KacaeTCH
nH CbM eH H oii
penH ,
to
<J>opMbi
c
h aber
H H o rA a BCTpenaioTCH , o A H a x o o h h p eu iH T ejib H O o cy *A a K > T C H KaK n p H M ep
H a n ß o jie e
hbhm x
KacTHJiH3MOB.
H e n a H eK O M y
nnK>cKBaM nep(l>eKTy h h a h -
3HaneHHH A p y r n x aH ajiH TH n ecK H x
(fiopM ; ih 6 o M o r y T B oo6 m e He n e p e A a B a T b c n Ha rajiHCHÜCKHH H3biK, jih 6 o
KBTHBa
coo T B e T C T B y e T
4 > °P M a
Ha - r a »
» m p n t t r n . c n c n o M o m b K ) jieKCHKO-CHHTaKCHHecKHX cpeACTB, npeHCAe B c e r o
c
iio m o iu m o
i J ia ro ^ b H b ix
n epH (J)pa 3. TaKHM
06 p a 30M r j i a r o j i h a b e r h c 6 biTb b HajiHHHH’, a T a K * e
n o jik iy o r c N n p c * A c B cero b 3HaneHHH ‘ H M eT bca,
b c o c T N B f M P K o ro p i.iK i jia r o jib H b ix nepn({>pa3.
O f ilU H « COCTB» CHII i r I HHCCKHX r jia r O H b H b lX (J)OpM: 1) (J)HHHTHbie (fc o p M b i:
a ) h ii/ ih k iih k :
P r o u c n lr , l ’ r c l t r i t o im p e r f e c f o , P r e t 6r i t o
p lu ic u n m p e r lc c t o , Im iIiiio , F u t u r o n o p a s a d o ;
p e r fe c t o , P re tfe rito
6 ) k o h t »k )h k t h b : S u b x u n t i v o l ,
S u b x u n t lv o II; 2) H«<|>Himriii.ic: I n f i n i t i v o , X e r u n d i o , P a r t ic ip io .
n O J IH M O P 4 > H 3 M
H 3 Bcex
penu
nacTeü
r ji a r o ji
T J IA r O J IA
6 o ra T C T B o
oÖHapyacHBaeT H aH Ö ojibm ee
4>HeKTHBHbIX (J)OpM, OTJIHMaiOmHXCH BbICOKOH CTeneHbK) BapnaTHBHOCTH,
h HM eHHo 3 A ecb n e p e A H o p M a jiH 3 a T o p a M H
Hbie 3aAaHH.
I1 o jih m o p 4 )H 3 m
HH(J)HHHTHBa n o A p o Ö H O
H ccjieAO BaH
o T M e n a x io c b , B a p b H p o B a u H e
HeceHHH
r jia r o jia
k
C.
O p o [O r o
1976;
1 977],
K aK y * e
m o h cct o ß H a p ya c H B a T b ca n peacA e B c e r o b o t -
TOM y
d is c o r r e r / d is c o r r ir h t . a .
83biKa c t o h t H a H Ö o jiee c n o x c-
rajiH C H H C K oro r j i a r o j i a b c n o B a p H o fi (jjo p M e
h jih
HHOMy
THny
cnpaaceH H a:
d e c ir / d e c e r ,
B a p b H p o B a T b M o r y T T aio ice c jio B o o 6 p a 3 0 B a T e jib -
Hbie a(})(J)HKCbI H 4)0 HC MH biß COCTaB OCHOBbl. C . O p o o 6 Hapy>KHJl, HTO HHCJIO
a ju io ())o p M
m o h cc t
a f u c if la r ,
K o jic ö a T b c a
e n f o c if la r ,
ot
c n fu c if la r ,
Aßyx a o
f o c in a r ,
BOCbMH, H a n p H M ep a f o c in a r ,
fu c iiia r
‘ yA apH Tbca,
y T K H y T b ca
J1HU0M BO HT0-J1H60’.
M oäho
BbiACJiHTb
Aßa
THna
B apb H po B aH H «:
1)
MoptJiojiorHHecKoe
B apbH poB aH H e, K o rA a B apbH py eT cocTaB cji0 B 0 c 6 p a 3 0 B a T e jib H b ix Mop<J)eM,
npH
3T0M
HaHÖojiee
HHe/OTeyTeTBHe
b
pacnpocT paH eH H biM H
r ji a r o ji e
cjiynaaM H
aBjiaioTCH
HajiH-
npec})HKcoB a -, e n - ( c m . npHBeACHHbin Bbiuie
n p H M e p ), HajiHHHe/oTcyTCTBHe cy<j)(j)HKca -ecer: e s p a v o r e c e r / e s p a v o r ir ‘n yr a T b ’, a n e g re c e r/ a n e g r a r
hocth
k
‘ nepH H Tb’, a
Taloice
B apbnpoBauH e
n p H H a A J ie *-
THny cnpaaceHHa: c a e r / c a ir ‘ n a A a T b ’, p e rC e b e r/ p e rc e b ir ‘ B oenpH -
H HM aTb’;
2)
tjjoHeTHHccKoe
hhcto
B apbH poBaH H e,
a B jia io m e e c a
pe3 y jib-
TaTOM a(j>epe3bi, cHHKonbi, MeTaTe3bi, KOJieöaHHa 6 e 3 y A a p H o ro B0KajiH3Ma
h
n p .:
am p arar/ em p arar
d e sh o n o ra r/ d e s n o ra r
‘ 3 am H ii;aT b ’,
‘ ö ecn ecT H T b’,
e g u a la r / ig u a la r
‘ BbipaBHH BaTb’,
e m p ir ifo lla r / e m p r ifo lla r
lp a 3y K paiiiH -
B aT b’.
B cero
a-Tih
700
rn aron oB
l- r o
cnpaw eH H a
C.
Opo
oÖ H ap yw H Ji
ABe
TbicaHH ajiJio<j>opM , a a n a 190 r j i a r o j i o ß 2 - r o cnpaxceHHa — o k o j i o 3 2 0 a jib T ep H H p y ro m n x
4 > °P M -
A
B eAb
M a T e p n a jio M
B c e r o H ecK O jibK O rp a M M a T H K h c jio B a p e ft!
b
3a
H aeTH oeTH ,
pH 3M aM H ,
K aK O H -jiH Ö o
h to
Bce
JieMMOH,
o 6i e M
poM H bm
to ,
npHHeM
ohh
n e p e n o jiH e H b i
a ju io M o p (J )b i
a
n p e A C T o a jio
n o c jiy w H J io
apxaH 3M aM H
B K jiK jn a io T c a
O TCbijioH H bix
paöoTbi
H ccjieAO B aH H a
IIo c jie A H H e C . O p o y n p e x a e T ,
c ja T e il
He
b
OAHy
h
B y jib ra -
C T B T bio
A eJ iaeT ca .
K a K o fi
noA
o r-
6 bi C A ejia T b c o c t b b h t c j i i o H o p M a -
t h b h o t o c n o B a p a , m o ä h o c e 6 e n peA C TaB H Tb , e c jiH y s e c T b , h t o b o M H o r n x
c jiy n a a x H e a c H o , r A e
H H H aeTca
oahoh
K O H naeT ca h h c t o 4 > op M a ;ih H o c Bupi.HpoBaHHe h Ha-
ceM a H T H H ecK oe,
jie K c e M b i,
a
rA e
T .e .
rA e
mu
H aM enaioTCM
h m ccm
(|)opM ajibH bie
to iik h c
o ttc h k h
BapH aH Tbi
c M b ic jia ;
3Ta
n p o ß jie M a o c T a e T c a c o B c p u ic m io h c m c c jic a o m iiiiio U .
O o p M a jib H o e
3eHCe
m e c T B y n jT
h
B a p b H p o R u im e (JjjickchW c p iiH H H rc jib H o H eB ejiH K o. B n p e -
HHAHKBTHBH
4>jickchh
CTHweHHbie:
H
H <J>yrypyMe
K O H blO IIKIH H II,
5-rt
(J)opM i.i
falad e.s/fu lA i*,
c
c o x p im c im e M
Ie m c (lr .s / tc m 6s,
H
H M nepaTH B e
cocy-
H H T e p B o K a jib H o ro
fu x id e s / fu x is ;
-d -
fa le d e s / fa le s ;
f a la r e d e s / f a la r 6s; fa la d e / l'a lA i/ In lrt; Ic m e d c / te m e , fu x id e / fu x i, npH H eM ö o j i e e
y n o T p e 6 H TejibH bi n o jiH b ie (JiopM i.i | C 'a rb a llo C a l e r o 1966, 151].
B 4 - 8 h 5 -fi (J)o p M ax
c
yAapeH neM
lä b a m o s ,
ü ep B b ie
76
HMiicp<J>cKia HHAHKaTHBa KO H KypnpyioT <})opM bi
Ha B TopoM
hjih
te m ia m o s / te m ia m o s ,
peKOMeHAywDTca
rperbCM
c jio r e
ot
KOHua: fa la b a m o s / fa -
la la b a d e s / fa lä b a d e s ,
yneßuHKOM
HHCTHTyTa
te m iad es/ tem iad es.
ra jin c H ficK o ro
a3biKa,
B Topue
—
rpaM M aTH K oß
c o q H o n e q a ro rH H e c K o fi
P.
KupftnJii.ii
accoqH aqH H
K n u vp n
I miiu 11IU koH
lln p M M
pcK O M H U iyini
4>ii|imm t'
v m Iw h c m
Ha B TopoM c jio r e o t KOHqa, h o hc TOflhKO H m i M t'JiyMM, N N R 4mi|»mhx
njiK>CKBaMnep4>eKTa:
x o g a r a m o s , x o g a r a d l« ,
N NI
N llgliriim iii,
m>
gära d es, n o c K o jib K y o h h h b jih io tc h m ckohho lipHt'yil|MMH IMJIMVMMt1üomv
»3 b iK y h onpaBâH bi aTH M O jioraqecK H [A io o la o lA n I 9 M , M , « |
htuirr
pa3Hoo6pa3H bi 4>opMbi (J)jieKCHH b nep()>eKTe. B l*N ^ n p M l M illiIipHM liyi«» i
(JjjieKCHH c KOHeHHbiM -n h 6e3 H e ro (nocjiCAHHC r o iiijih N NO|IMy)l U l i l / I «
le in / fa lin .
«DjieiccHH 2 - h
H3 k o t o p w x
(JiopMbi HMeeT BapnaHTM -ch m , -ü h l, *1111,
b HopM e AonycK aioTC H
nepBbie flac,
Mm,
<t>jieK0HH l*H
HMeeT BapHaHTbi: -ch ed es, -sted es, -stes; HopMaTHBHUM M JlN rtU * llfp itM ll
BapnaHT:
fa lä c h e d e s ,
tem ich ed es.
H 3 BapwaHTOB
ij)jieKCMH
ft-H
iJih|imm
-ro n , -n o (fa la r o n / fa la n o , te m e r o n / te m e n o , fu x ir o n / fu x in o ) jm i# p m v|iiimM
H3biK 3a K p en n ji
H a 6 ^ K )a a io T C H
B
-ro n .
3 -h
B apn aH T b i:
(jjopM e r jia r o jio B
t e m e u / t e m iu / t e m io
2-ro h 3-ro n ip m u iiiiM
h
f u x l u / f u x i u / l m l ...........
Bo 2- m c n p * * i iih ii
K O T o p b ix b jiH T e p a T y p H b iii H3biK b o u ijih tem eu h fu x iu .
(JiopMax te m es te (s ), tem ested es, tem ech ed es b m c c to
H a ß jiio fla e ic h coxpaH eH H e TeMaTHHecKoß rjiacHOH -e-.
t e m it ilo (» )
b
B
(J)opMax
c n p n ra e M o ro
nHCbMe n a p a ro rH H e c K o ro
HH(}>HHHTHBa
bo3m ohcho
11
1
OTpaw ciim
m.i
-e n o c jie -r: fa la re , fa lä r e m o s , fa lä r e d c s um ........
f a la r , f a la r m o s , fa la r d e s .
Tu arou bi
Ha
-a c e r,
H HflH KaTHBa M o r y T
- u c ir
bo
2 -h
tfio p M e
H M n ep aT H B a
h
b 3-fl
<|>o|imi
TepH Tb -e: p r a c e / p r a z o t p r a c e r ‘ H p aB H T bca’, c o ih I h
c e / c o n d u z o t c o n d u c i r ‘ b c c t h ’ [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1966, 151— 152].
HHHce ijjopM bi cnpHHceHHH p ery jin p H b ix
Ilp H B O flH M b ie
rjia ro jio B
A a io n
n
c o m a c H o HopM aM HHCTHTyTa rajiHCHHCKoro H3biKa [ G a l e g o 1977],
In fln itiv o : I falar; II temer; I I I fuxir.
Xerundio: I fa la n d o; II tem endo; I I I fu xindo.
P a rticip io: I falado; I I tem ido; II I fu xid o.
Presente de Ind icativo: I fal||o, -as, -a, -am os, -ades, -an; II tem||o, -es, -e, -emos, -edes, -en.
II I fux||o, -es, -e, -im os, -ides, -en.
P re terito p e rfecto de Indicativo: I fal||6i, -aches, -öu, -am os, -ächedes, -aron; II tem||in,
-iches, -eu, -em os, -echedes, -eron; I I I fux||in, -iches, -iu, -im os, -ichedes, -iron.
P re terito im p erfecto de Indicativo: I fal||aba, -abas, -aba, -abam os, -abades, -aban; II tem||ia,
-ias, -ia, -iam os, -iades, -ian; I I I fux||ia, -ias, -ia, -iamos, -iades, -ian.
P re terito pluscuam perfecto de In d icativo: I fal||ara, -aras, -ara, -äram os, -ärades, -aran;
II tem||era, -eras, -era, -eram os, -erades, -eran; I I I fux||ira, -iras, -ira, iram os, -irades, -iran.
Futuro de In d icativo: I falar||ei, -äs, -ä, -em os, -edes, -äp; I I temer||ei, -äs, -ä, -emos, -edes, -än;
I II fuxir||ei, -äs, -ä, -em os, -edes, -än.
Subxuntivo I: I fal||e, -es, -e, -em os, -edes, -en; II tem||a, -as, -a, -am os, -ades, -an; II I fux||a,
-as, -a, -amos, -ades, -an.
Subxuntivo I I : I fal||ase, -ases, -ase, -äsem os, -äsedes, -asen; I I tem||ese, -eses, -ese, -esemos,
-f»cdcs, -esen; I I I fux||ise, -ises, -ise, -isem os, -isedes, -isen.
Forma en -ria: I falar||ia, -ias, -ia,-iam os, -iades, -ian; II temer||ia, -ias, -ia, -iamos, -iades, -ian;
III limr||ln, -ias, -ia, -iam os, -iades, -ian.
Im prrultvo: I fal||a, -e. -emos, -ade, -en; I I tem||e, -a, -amos, -ede, -an; I I I fux||e, -a, -amos,
lilo, nii
In/Intltin Km\uRado: I falar||0. -es, -0. -m os, -des, -en; II temer||0. -es, -0, -mos, -des, -en;
III Iim lillf), r «, P. -mos, -des, -en.
II
y ic ft iio ll
J im e p a T y p e
ynoM H im civH , im
lipHjittiDMiu.iK
XNHtM
ii
HajiHHHe
(JjopMbi
F u tu ro
TCKCTax OHa H3pe,mca BCTpenaeTCH
de
b
S u b x u n tiv o
He
HeKOTopwx THnax
,/I.jih c o B p e M e H H o r o ra jiH C H Ä C K o ro 3 t o , n 0 -BHflHM 0 M y, ap -
npMi.i l ulm<> d e S u b x u n t iv o p e ry jiH p H b ix r j i a r o jio B c oB n aq aioT
77
c
<J)opMaMH c n p a r a e M o r o
nojib3yeTCfl
0CH0Ba
HH<|>HHHTHBa;
nep<j>eicTa;
HeperyjiapHbix r jia r o jio B hc<J>opMbi c n p a r a e M o r o h h $ h -
y
H an pH M ep,
HHTHBa o t r jia r o jia d e c ir HM eioT bha: d ix e r ,
d ixeres, dixer, dixerm os,
d i-
xe rd es , d ix e re n [E n r iq u e z S a lid o 1982, 431].
O O P M A J I b H b lE
OCObEHHOCTH
1-ro
H E K O T O P b lX
H lA r O J IO B
CnPJD KEH H Ä
KaK y * e yKa3biBajiocb b nepBofl rjiaBe, rjiacHbifi kophh rjiarojioB
1-ro cnpaxceHHii coxpaiiweTCH HeHiMciuibiM bo Bcex cjioBO$opMax;
OTKpbiTbie [ e ] h [a ] x a p a K T e p n iy io T n iarojibi s jg a r ‘ KocHTb, acaTb’, ac^rtar
‘ nonaâTb b uejib, yrajiunaTb', acQrdar ‘ BcnoMHHaTb’, prQbar ‘ npo6oBaTb’, fy lg a r 'oTflbixaTb'; iaK pi.i n.ic [e ] h [o ] h m c io t rjiarojibi cortar lpe3aTb’,
cear ‘ yacHHaTb’, r?mar ‘ i pecTH’.
r
a r o ji bi H a -i a r. fjia r o jib i Ha -iar npeflCTaBJinioT TpyflHOCTb b
OTHOiueHHH, mto b hhx n0-pa3H0My TpaKTyeTCH coweTaHHe -ia- KaK
coneTaHHe rjiacHbix h KaK flH(J)TOHr. O a h h rjiarojibi bo Bcex (JiopMax
HMeioT ^H(J)TOHr, KaK, HanpHMep, odiar ‘ HeHaBHêTb’: o-dio, o-dian, o-die.
K 3TOÄ rpynne othochtch rjiarojibi estudiar *H3yHaTb’, anguriar ‘ 6eflcTBOBaTb, nenajiHTb’, aviciar ‘ pa3BpamaTb’, aprop iar ‘ npHcnocaÖJiHBaTb’,
espropiar l3KcnponpHHpoBaTb\ leriar ‘ uiyTHTb, 6ajiarypHTb\
anunciar
‘ o&b«BjiHTb’. B flp y r n x rjia ro jia x coneTaHHe -ia- HHKorâ He npoH3HOCHTCH KaK flH(j)TOHr HH B HH(J)HHHTHBe, HH B JIHMHblX (J)OpMaX; K Ta KHM
rjiarojiaM othochtch a fia r ‘ TOHHTb’, ad ob iar ‘ HapawaTb, yKpaiuaTb’,
arrefriar ‘ oxjiaacflaTb’, arrepiar ‘apow aTb o t cTpaxa’, chiar ‘ nHmaTb,
HHpHKaTb’, enfiar ‘ BfleBaTb’, espiar ‘ noaniHAbiBaTb’, fia r ‘ npncTb; flOBepHTb’.
ji
to m
IIpHCyTCTBHe
flH (J)TO H ra
o6H apy*H B aeTCH
B HH(}>HHHTHBe
b r jia r o jia x
v a r ia r
H
B J IH M H b lX
3HHHHH
*H3MeHHTb’ h
<j>°PM a x
tra s v a ria r ‘ 6 p eflH Tb’:
v a r i-o , v a ri-a n , vari-e.
r jia r o jib i
c a m b i a r ‘ M e H H T b ’, r a b i a r
T O H r B HH(J)HHHTHBe, B 1 - H , 2 - H ,
‘ H eH C T O B C TB O B a Tb’, H M e i o m n e flH (j)H 6 -H
3 -0
n pe3eH C a H H f lH K a T H B a
(J)O p M a X
h K O H b fO H K T H B a H M e io T 0 C H 0 B y c a m b e - , r a b e - : c a m b e - o , c a m b e - a s , c a m b e - a ,
c a m b e -e , ca m b e -es.
T jia ro jib i
Ha
-uar.
,0,H<j)TOHr [w a ] cox p a H H eT c«
b
r jia r o jia x m en-
g u a r ‘ yM eH biuaTb(cH )’, fr a g u a r ‘ KOBaTb’, d eslin gu arse ‘ p acnycK aTb H3biK’:
fr a -g u o , fra -gü e . H m c io t ^HiJjTOHr b HH<j)HHHTHBe, ho 3 H «H H e
b
^ h h h th m x
4>opMax r jia ro jib i g ra d u a r ‘ rp a fly n p o B a T b ’, escetu ar ‘ HCKjiioHaTb’, acen tu ar
‘ noAMepKHBaTb, ^ e jia T b y jia p e iiH c ’, situar 'p a c n o iia n m .': a c e n tü -o , acentü-e,
acen tu -am o s. B cc rjia c
ih h iih c m
iip om iiocM rcM
ijiu io jii.i
r c c u a r ‘ oTC TynaTb’,
b a d u a r ‘ h c c th O KO jiecnuy’, rccruuiNe ‘ M c p c n icib , THep^cTb’: recu -ar, recü -o,
recü-e.
<DOPM A J Ib H b lE
OCO BEH H O CTH
2-ro
H anoM H H M ,
ko to pu m h
«
hto
j ih
r jia ro jio B
2 -ro cnpH*eHHH
HCKJiHDMeHHHMH, a j i b T e p H a u H « rjiacH bix
ven cer ‘ n o ß o K fla T b ’
HHflHKaTHBa:
h
ven zo,
c o r r e r ‘ 6eHcaTb’
h m c io t
vpces,
v e n c e m o s,
vpce,
cp rres, c o rre , c o rre m o s , c o rre d e s , corren .
78
H E K O T O P b lX
r J IA r O J IO B
C nPJD KEH H JI
xapaK TepH a,
ochobh
3a
H e-
; T a K , r jia ro jib i
cjie ß y io m H e <}>opMbi npe3eHca
ven ced es,
vpn cen ;
c o r ro ,
riofloÖ H biM
fe rv e r
cn p araiO T ca
06pa30M
‘ n p o H ex oflH T b ’,
vender
r jia ro jih i
‘ n p o fla ß aT b ,
xem er
m ctcr
‘ k jiiic ti.’, suceder
'e r o n u n .’,
‘ KHneTb’, tecer ‘ TKaTb’, a d o e c e r ‘ b 3 6cch ii.ch ',
Icm c r
‘ 6oHTbCH\
fr o lc c c r ‘ u b c c th ’ h
Ap yrw e r jia ro jib i Ha -ecer, r e n x e r ‘ cK pH neTb’, en ch cr 'iia iio jiiu n V , to lle r
*6paTb', c o n o c e r ‘ 3HaTb’, c o m e r ‘ e c T b ’, res p o n d er ‘ otnohm ti.', m orde r ‘ icycaTb', to lle r ‘ oTHHMaTb’, c h o v e r ‘ f lo * A H T b ’, c o c e r ‘ n a p M ii.’, coner ‘ iiih t i.’,
v o lv e r *B03BpamaTb\ m o r re r ‘ yM H p aT b ’ h M H orne flp yrw c.
P h a r jia r o n o B Ha - o e r , - a e r : c h o e r ‘ o r o p a w H B a T h ',
doer
'f t o j i c i V ,
ro e r ‘ rp b i3 T b ’, m o e r ‘ M 0J i0 Tb ’, t r a e r ‘ npHHocHTb’, caer ‘ n a fla r h ’, raer ‘ t h i u m i i . ’
H M eio T T y o c o 6 e H H o c T b , h t o n e p e A OKOHnaHHaMH, c o ß e p jK a ium m h i J ia i'iiy io
- o -, -a-, B b icT y n a e T BapnaHT o c h o b m c -i-: m o i- , r o i- , t r a i- h t .; i , H khmoc m e
o 6 p a 3 ija n p H B O ^ H M $ o p M b i npe3eHca hh,zjh K a TH B a h k o h iio h k t h b n u i « i o jih
m oer: m o io , m o e s , m o e , m o e m o s , m o e d e s , m o e n ; m o ia , m o ia s , m o ia , m oln n n w ,
m o ia d e s ,
m o ia n .
KpoM e
T oro,
r jia r o jib i
ch o er,
d oer,
ro e r, m o e r o fln a -
p y * H B a io T o 6 b iH H y io a j ih r jia r o jio B 2 - r o cn p H w eH H a a jib T e p H a u H io n ia o iM X
[3 ] -
[O],
B r jia r o jie 1er ‘ H H TaTb’ rjracHbiü - e - o c h o b w c jiH B a e T c a c -e- 4 h ic k ch ii
le, les, len, le m o s h n ep e^ yeT C H c HyjieM , ecjiH 4>.neKCHa HaHHHaeTCH c -I :
Ha, lia m o s , lin , liches.
<DOPMAJIbHbIE O C O B E H H O C T H
3 -ro CIIPJDKEHHfl
TJIArOJIOB
n o c K o jib K y aubTepHauHH r n a c H b ix b r jia r o jia x 3 -ro cnpaxceHHH
6 ojie e c jio * H b ifi h HeycTOHHHBbiH xa p a K T ep ,
n p ea n o*eH H b ie HHCTHTyTOM rajiHCHHCKoro
OTBjieKaacb o t flp y r n x BapnaHTOB.
T n a cH b ift
K op H fl
ocT aeT ca
r o jio B
v iv ir
‘ a ciiT b ’, c o n d u c ir
fu n d ir
‘ im a B H T b ’ , c o n f u n d ir
HeH3M eHHbiM
‘ b c c t h ’,
H3biKa [G a le g o
bo
m u x ir
hm cct
H3JiaraeM 3 fle cb HopMbi,
mh
B c ex
c jro B o c jjo p M a x
‘ M b in a T b ’, lu e ir
‘ c M e u iH B a T b ’, a f r ix ir
1977,
173],
m a-
‘ C B epK aTb’,
‘ y flp y n a T b ’, d ir ix ir ‘ y n -
paBJiaTb’, t in x ir ‘ o K p a u iH B a T b ’, u r x ir ‘ T o p o n H T b ’, r e c ib ir ‘ n o jiy n a T b ’, re s is tir
‘ c on p o T H B J ia T b c a ’,
u r d ir
‘ HaBHBaTb
ocH O B y’ , ’ u n ir
‘ o6i>e,HHHaTb’,
n u tr ir
‘ n H TaTb ’, e s p ilir ‘ B 0 3 6 y * fla T b \ e s p ir ‘ p a 3 ^ e B a T b ’, p e r c i b i r ‘ B oen p H H H M aT b ’,
a s is tir ‘ n pn cyT C TB O B aT b ’, c in g u ir ‘ o n o a c b iB a T b ’
H m c io t [s ] b o 2-ft, 3-h h
(J)opM ax
c u m p r ir
r jia r o jib i
f u x ir
‘ B b in ojiH H T b ’,
6-h (J io p M a x n p e 3 eH c a hh/jh KaTHBa h [u ] b a p y r n x
‘ y 6 e r a T b \ c u b r ir ‘ n o K p b iB a T b ’, r u x ir ‘ p e ß e T b ’,
u lir
‘ n a x H y T b ’,
s u m ir
‘ n o r p y a c a T b ’, s u b ir
‘ n oßH H -
M U Tbca’, p r u ir l 3 y fle T b ’, d u r m ir ‘ c n a T b ’, tu s ir ‘ K a u m a T b ’, c u s p ir ‘ n n eB a T b ’,
a c iid ir
‘ n pH 6 biB aT b ’,
e n g u lir
‘ r n o T a T b ’.
B K an ecTB e o 6 p a 3 i;a
npHBO^HM
(JxipMi.i n p e ie iic a h h ^ h K a T H B a h K om >ioH K TH B a r j i a r o j i a fu x ir : fu x o , fo x e s ,
I o ne, lu x im o fi, lu x id e s , f o x e n ; fu x a , fu x a s , fu x a , fu x a m o s , fu x a d e s , fu x a n .
H m p io i
Mf
ôpM NN
|i| n l-tt, 2-H, 3- h h 6-ft (JjopMax npe3eHca h h a h KaTHBa, Bo2-fi(j>opi« n o ucex (jjopM ax npe3eHca KOHi»K)HKTHBa h [ e ] b ocTajibHbix
iiin io jim
m rilir ‘ MepHTb’, in x e rir ‘ npHBHBaTb’, re x ir ‘ ynpaBJiaTb’,
rfiltlll
'H dUlNNNik', •»11cpentir ‘ pacKaHBaTbca’, segu ir ‘ cjieflOBaTb’, fe rir
'p a iiM lV , i i i p i i I I i 'J im i i . ’ . scrvir ‘ cJiyacHTb’, c o n c e b ir l3aHaTb\ d iv e rtir
'(ta H M IM a ib ', i'o iiv m llr ‘ iipciiptiiu aT b ’, e le x ir ‘ BbiÖHpaTb’, sentir ‘ nyBCTBOM T k V VHilli 'n ; i M a i V
N N A N im N M
N
H KU'iecTne o 6 p a3 i;a ü p h b oah m <|>opMbi npe3eHca
H O H liH iM K iitn ii
ii
itMiiepaTHBa r jia r o n a m ed ir: m id o , m ides,
79
m id e , m e d im o s , m e d id e s , m id e n ; m id a ,
m id a s , m id a , m id a m o s , m id a d e s ,
m id a n ; m id e , m id a , m id a m o s , m e d id e , m id a n .
P «A
in s t r u ir
r jia r o jio B
Ha
-u ir :
c o n s tr u ir
‘ c T p o H T b ’,
d e s tr u ir
‘ p a 3 p y u ia T b ’,
‘ oG ynaTb’, o b s t r u ir ‘ npenH TC TBO B aTb’, in tu ir ‘ HHTyHTHBHo HyBCT-
BOBaTh,’ COXpaHHIOT 3HHHHe Ha CTblKe OCHOBbI H (J)JieKCHH b o B c ex (jjo p M a x , HTO
O Tpaw aeTC H
b
hx
fian n caH H H .
B
K an ecTB e
o ö p a 3 i; a
npHBOAHM
<J>opMbi
n p e 3e H ca HHAHKaTHBa h K O H tioH K T H B a h H M n ep aT H B a r jia r o jia : c o n s tr u ir :
c o n s t r ü o , c o n s trü e s , c o n s tr ü e , c o n s tr u im o s , c o n s tr u id e s , c o n s tr ü e n ; c o n s tr ü a ,
c o n s tr ü a s ,
c o n s tr ü a ,
c o n s tru a m o s ,
c o n s tr u a d e s ,
c o n s tr ü a n ;
c o n s tr ü e ,
c o n s tr ü a , c o n s tr u a m o s , c o n s t r u id e , c o n s tr ü a n .
C n P fl)K E H H E
H e p e r y n a p H b ie
b
0CH0Be
r jia r o jib i
HH(j>eKTa
C O O T B eT C T B yro m H M H
n o c A e flH e r o
H E P E ry jIÄ P H b lX
h
o Ö H a p y w H B a io T
nep<J>eKTa,
HBJieHHHMH
rajiHCHHCKHe
b
TJIArOJIOB
p a 3 H o o 6 p a 3 H b ie
ö o jib iiiH H C T B e
nOpTyrajlbCKOTO
H eperyjiapH bie
c jiy n a e B
H3bIKa.
r jia r o jib i
H3M eH eH H »
c x o q H b ie
c
B OTJIHHHe OT
h m c io t
pa3JiHHHbie
<J)jieKCHH b 1-fi h 3 - h 4 > op M ax nep<j)eKTa h h a h K a T H B a : -e n h -o . H n a c e n p n b o a h tc h
bw 6opohho
n a p a A H rM b i
cnpaw eH H »
H eperyjm pH bix
r jia r o jio B ,
o ß jia A a io iA H e 3HaHHTejibHOH B ap H a T H B H ocT b io. H a nepBOM M e c T e AaioTCH
B a p n aH T b l, npH3HaHHbie HOpMaTHBHbIMH H H C TH TyTO M rajiHCHHC KOTO H3bIKa
[G a le g o
1 977], b CKo 6 K ax —
A p y r n e B a p n aH T b l, npHBOßHM bie b p a 6 o T a x
[ C a r b a l l o C a le r o 1966; S a n t a m a r in a 1 9 7 4 b ].
A n d a r
P re te rito p erfecto: l.a n d iven (anduven), 2. andiveches (anduveches. andiveche, anduveche), 3.an d ivo (an du vo), 4. andivem os (andu vem os). 5. andivechedes (anduvechedes, anduvestes), 6. andiveron (andu veron).
C a b e r
Presente: l.c a ib o (q u eipo, ca b o ); 2.cabes, 3. cabe, 4. cabem os, 5.cabedSs, 6. caben.
P re te rito p erfecto: l.c o u b en (coupen), 2.coubeches (coupeches), 3 .cou bo (co u p o ), 4.coubem os (coupem os), 5. coubechedes (coupechedes, coubestes, coupestes), 6. couberon (couperon).
Subxuntivo I: l.c a ib a (q u e ip a ,*ca b a ), 2.caibas (queipas, cabas). 3.caiba (queipa, caba),
4.caibam os (queipam os, cabam os), 5.caibades (queipades, cabades), 6. caiban (qucipan. caban).
D ar
Presente: l.d o u (d o n ), 2. das, 3. da, 4. dam os, S.dades. 6. dan.
P re te rito p erfecto: I.d in (dei, d ein ), 2. deches (diche#, dcchc), 3. deu (dou, diu), 4.dem os
(d im os), 5. dechedes (dichedes, destes, destis, distcs). 6. dcron (diron).
P re terito pluscuam perfecto: I. dera (d ira ), 2. d e r «» (d ir « » ), V drra (dira), 4. deram os (diram os),
5 .d ira d es (dirades, derais, deräis), 6. deran (d ira n )
Subxuntivo I: 1. dca (d la . d t. deia, d c fl«), 2. d m » (diu », des. deias, denas), 3. dea (d ia , de, deia,
defta), 4. deam o» (d ta m o », dln m o», dinm o». d e n n «, driiim os, denamos), 5. deades (deades,
diades, diades, dlrdm , d rd c», drindrn, drAudr», illiiis. di.iis), 6.dean (dian, den, deian, deflan).
Subxuntivo I I : l.d fu c (d l» r ), 2 drum (d u m ). ' drsc (dise), 4.desem os (disem os), 5.desedes
(disedes, dtseis, dcatlii), ft. dm rn (dlorn )
Im perativo: 2 .d i , S.dadc (d a l)
D t t i
r
P re s en te:1], digo, 2 .dis (d ic c »), 3.di (dicc). 4. decim os, 5.decides (decis). ö.d in (dicen).
P re terito Perfecto: l.d ix e n , 2. d ix n lies, l.d ix o , 4.dixem os, 5.dixechedes (dixestes), 6 .dixeron.
Futuro: l.d ir e i (d irtin ), 2. dirA», 3. dir.i, 4,direm os, 5.diredes (direis), 6.dirän.
Subxuntivo I : l.d ig a , 2. digas, .l.diga, 4. digam os (d iga m os). 5. digades (digades, digäis,
digais), 6. digan.
|t • I
*I
(INI)
P resent»: l.»ali\u (« I r in , Ion ), J.aalAa (Im ), .1 » * U (In ), 4 «aUitliia (U nion), V taU d ea (Iades,
taia), 6,eaU n (U n )
P r n ir t U ) p rr/ riin I o iiv e n («atuvan, lu ven ), 1 * iI I v « k H h (Mluvatihta, lu v*vh «), Vcm ivo
(eitu vn , lu v o ), 4 . callvcm oa (eatuvemoa, tuvem oa), 1 H llv iv h M ln (»•Iltv ii'h fiU a , U iv»»tc»),
6. eatlvcron (eatuveron, tuveron).
Subxuntivo I: l.estea (e s ti, ialla, tea, tefla), 2.eaUaa I n lt a , lallaa, !• «• , IfAaa), V » a lt « (»a lt,
ialla, eatee. tea, Icfia), 4. csteam o» (e itia m o s , estiem oa, »alM m ua, Uantiia, llam oa, l»A *m o>,
ttflam oa), S.esteades (estiades, esttis, esteedes. teadaa, IcAla, UaiU a, liala, I « Autln, UAAla,
tiflades, tifia is), 6. estean (esteen).
Im perativo: 2.estä (esten, ta, tai), 5. estade (tad e, tai).
F a c e r ( f 'a g u e r, f a e r, f e r)
Presente: l. f a g o (fa ig o , fa io ), 2 .fas (faes, faies, fais), 3.fa l, 4. facamoa (fatffln a), 1 favailaa
(faeis, faedes), 6. fan (faien , fain).
P re terito p erfecto : !L. fix en (ficen ), 2. fixeches (fixech e, ficeche), 3. flx o ( f l» o ), 4 D » » m o « (II
cem os), 5. fixechedes (ficestes, fixestes), 6. fixeron (ficeron ).
Futuro: 1. farei (fa rein ), 2. faräs, 3. farä, 4. farem os, S.faredes, 6. fa rin .
Subxuntivo I: l.fa g a (fa ia ), 2. fagas (fa ia s), 3. faga (fa ia ), 4. fagam os (faiam oa), 1 taymlpii
(faiades, fagäis, fägades, fagais), 6. fagan (fa ia n ).
Im perativo: 2. fa i, 5. facede (facei).
Haber
Presente: l.h e i (h en ), 2. has, 3. ha, hai, 4.habem os (ham os, hem os), 5. habedea (lim lr*
habes, habeis), 6. han.
P re terito p e rfecto: 1. houben (hüben), 2. houbeches (houbeche, houbeste, hubeste), 3. houlm
(hu bo), 4. houbem os (hu bem os), 5. houbechedes (houbestes, houbestedes, hubestes), 6. houbcron
(huberon, houbeno, hub^no).
Subxuntivo I : l.h a x a (haiba, haba, haixa), 2. haxas (haibas, habas), 3. haxa (haiba, haba.
haixa), 4. haxam os (haibam os, habam os), 5.haxades (haibades, habades, h abiis, haxedea,
haxeis), 6. haxan (haiban, haban).
Im perativo: 2. ha, 5.habede.
I r
Presente: l.v o u (v o n ), 2. vas, 3.vai, 4. im os (va m os), 5.ides (is, vades, iis, vais), 6. van.
B reterito p e rfecto : l.fu n , 2. foches (fu ch e), 3 .fo i, 4. fo m os, 5. föchedes (fostes), 6. foron.
P r e tir ito im perfecto: l.ib a (ia , iiia), 2. ibas (ias, ifias), 3. iba (ia , ifia), 4. ibam os (ibam os,
iamos, iftam os), S. ibades (ibades, iades, liiades, ibais, ibäis), 6. iban (ian, ifian).
P re terito pluscuamperfecto: l.fo r a , 2. foras, 3 .fo ra , 4. föram os, 5. förades (forais, foräis),
6. foran.
Subxuntivo I : l.v a ia (va a ), 2 .vaias (va a s), 3 .va ia (va a ), 4 . vaiam os, (vaam os, v iia m o s ),
5. vaiades (vaades, vaiäis, väiades, väiais), 6. vaian (vaan).
Subxuntivo I I : l.fo s e , 2.foses, 3.fose, 4. fösem os, 5 .fösedes (foseis, fo s iis ), 6. fosen.
Im perativo: 2. vai, 5. ide (vade, inde, ii).
O i r (o u v i r, o u i r, o u z a r)
Presente: l . o i o (o u zo , ou zco, auzco, o u v o ), 2 .oes (ois, os, ouces, ouves), 3 .oe (o i, ouce,
ou ve), 4. oim os (ou vim os, ou im os), 5. oides (ou vid es, ouides, ou is), 6. oen (o in , on, oucen, ouven).
Subxuntivo I : l.o ia (ou za, ou va), 2 .oias (ouzas, ouvas), 3. o ia (o u za , ou va), 4 .oiam os
(ouzam os, ou va m os), 5. oiades (ouzades, ou vades), 6. oian (ou zan, ou van).
Im perativo: 2. oe (o i), 5. olde (ou vid e).
P o d e r
P r e tir ito p e rfecto: l.p o id e n (puiden, pu den), 2 .poideches (puideches, puideche, pudeches),
3. poido (pu ido, pu do), 4. poidem os (pu idem os, pudem os), S. poidechedes (puidechedes, pudichedes, puidestes), 6. poideron (puideron, puderon).
Subxuntivo l : l.p o id a (p o d a , podia), 2. poidas (podas, p odias), 3. poida (p o d a , p odia),
4. poidamos (poda m os, pöidam os, podiam os, pödiam os), 5. poidades (podades, pöidades,
piSdiades, poidäis, podiäis, poidais, podiais), 6. poidan (podan , podian).
81
P o fl e r ( p o r )
Presente: 1. poflo, 2. pos (p o is ), 3. pon (p o i), 4. poAem os (p o m o s), 5. pofledes (pondes, podes,
p o fliis ), 6. poflen (p o in , pon).
P re tirito imperfecto: l.p o flia (p u fla ), 2. portias (purlas), 3. poflla (pu fla), 4 .poiiiam os (puflam os), S. pofliades (pufiades, pofliais, pofiiäis). 6. poflian (pu flan).
P retirito perfecto: 1. puxen, 2. puxeches (pufieches, puxeche), 3. puxo, 4. puxemos (pu fiem os),
S. puxichedes (pufltchedes, puxestes), 6. puxeron (pu fleron).
Futuro: 1. poflerei (p o r ii), 2. pofleräs (poräs), 3. pofierä (p o rä ), 4. poflcrcm os (porem os),
5. poileredes (poredes), 6. poflerän (porä n ).
Querer
Presente:
l.q u e r o ,
2 .queres
(ques),
3. quere (quer), 4. querem os,
S.queredes
(quereis),
6. queren.
P retirito perfecto: l.q u ix e n , 2.quixeches (quixeche), 3 .qu ixo, 4. quixem os, 5. quixechedes
(quixestes), 6. quixeron.
Subxuntivo I: 1. Iqueira|(quera, quira), 2.queiras (queras, quiras), 3.queira (qu era, quira),
4. queiram os (queram os, quiram os, q u iira m o s), S.queirades (querades, quirades, queiräis,
qu iirades, queirais), 6. queiran (queran, quiran).
S a b e r
Presente: l.s e i, 2.sabes, 3.sabe, 4 .sabemos, S.sabedes (sa b iis ), 6 .saben.
P retirito perfecto: I. souben (soupen), 2. soubeches (soubeche, soupeches,
soupeche),
3. soubo (so u p o), 4. soubem os (sou p em os), 5. soubechedes (soupichedes, soubestes, soupestes),
6.
souberon (souperon).
Subxuntivo I: l.saib a (seipa , sabia, sepa), 2. saibas (seipas, sabias, sepas), 3.saiba (seipa,
sabia, sepa), 4. saibamos (seipam os, sabiam os, sepamos, sepam os), S. saibades (seipades, sabiades, sepades, sepäis, sepades, sepais), 6. saiban (seipan, sabian, sepan).
S a i r
Presente: l.s a io , 2.saes, 3 .sae (sa i), 4 .saim os, S.saides, 6 .saen.
Subxuntivo I: l.s a ia , 2 .saias, 3.saia, 4 .saiamos, 5 .saiades, 6 .saian.
Ser
Presente: l.s o n (so, sou, sun), 2. es (eres), 3.6, 4 . som os (sem os), 5 .sodes (sondes, sos,
sedes), 6.son.
P retirito perfecto: l.fu n , 2 .foches (fo ch e, fuche, foste, fostes, fuste, fustes), 3 .fo i (fu i),
4. fo m o s (fu m o s), 5. föchedes (füchedes, fostes, fustes), 6. fo ro n (fo n o ).
P re tirito imperfecto: l.e r a , 2.eras, 3.era, 4. eram os (tra m o s ), S.erades (trades, erais,
eräis), 6. eran.
P retirito pluscuamperfecto: l.f o r a , 2. foras, 3. fo ra , 4. föram os, S. fö ra d e» (fo ra is, foräis),
6.
foran.
Subxuntivo I: l.s ex a (sia, seila, sea, seia), 2.sexas (sias, »efla», ie a t, » e i» » ), 3. »exa (sia, sefla,
sea, seia), 4. sexamos (siam os. seflam os, seamos, seiamo», »ta m o i, itfla m o t) . 5. »exades (siades,
sefiades, sefläis, seades, seäis, seiades, stade», » ta i», »ifla d e t, »tfla i»), 6. »exan (sian, seflan,
sean, seian).
Subxuntivo I I : l.fo s e , 2. foses, 3. fo ie , 4. fö ie m o «, 5. fö te d e i, 6. foien.
Imperativo: 2. s6 (sen), 5. sede.
T ' r
Presente:
l.te flo ,
2 .te » (t e il),
,
.l.ten, 4.tem os, S.tedes (tendes, tes, teis), 6 .teilen (tin ,
tein).
P re tirito perfecto: l.tiv e n (tu v en ), 2. tiveches (tiveche, tiveste, tivestes, tuveches, tuveche,
tuvestes, tuveste), 3 .tiv o (lu v o ), 4 .liv e m o » (tuvem os). 5. tivich edes (tivestes, tivistedes, tuvichedes, tuveste», tu v tite d e »), 6. tiveron (tiven o, tuveron, tuveno).
P re tirito Imperfecto: l.t ifla , 2. tifla», 3. tifla, 4. tiriamos (tffla m os), 5. tiüades (tiflades, tiflais,
tifläis), 6. tiflan.
Futuro: 1. te r fi (ten d erin , tertn ), 2. teräs (tenderäs), 3. terä (t e n d e r i),4. terem os (tenderem os),
5.teredes (tenderedes, terts), 6. terän (tenderän).
Subxuntivo I: l.te fla , 2. tefla », 3' tefla, 4. teflam os (tifla m o s ), S.teffades (te fiis , teflades,
teflades, teüäis, teflais), 6. teflan.
82
T r i t t
(I r ■ | u • i )
Presente: 1. tra io (tra ig o ), 2. traes (traa, tra li), ) tra t (Ira l), 4 Ita a m iti (Iragu tm iM ), V tracdes
(traguedes, tra iis ), 6. tracn (tran, train).
P retirito perfecto: 1 trouxen (tro u gu en ), X troU K tchtl (Irtiu g u tiih fl, IfO U M ih f, Knugtirchr).
3. tro u xo (tro u g o ), 4. trouxem os (trou gu am m ). 3. tr o u itv h fJ ta (lrou|uti'h*<l»>, trounrntr»,
trouguestes), 6. trouxeron (trougu eron).
Subxuntivo I : t.tra ia (tra ig a ), 2. tra ia i (Ir a ig a i), 3 .Irala (Ir a lg a ), 4. Irala m ia (IfA laim n ,
Iraigam os,
träigam os),
S.traiades
(t r iia d o . traigada», t r t lfa d a i, IraMta,
H alali,
lialgAla,
traigais), 6. traian (traigan ).
Imperativo: 2. trae (tra i), 5. tracdc (traguede. tr a ii, itrouguada, Irou gu tl).
Va l er
Presente: 1. v a llo , 2. vales, 3. vale, 4. valem os, 5. va led ei, 6. valtn.
Subxuntivo I: l . v a l l a , 2. vallas, 3 .va lla , 4 . vallam os, 5. vallade«, 6. vallan.
Ve r
Presente: l .v e x o , 2. ves (veis), 3. ve, 4. vem os, S.vedes (ve is), 6. ven.
P retirito imperfecto: l.v ia , 2. vias, 3. v ia , 4. viam os (via m os), 5. via d e i (v la d fi, vla li, vlAla),
6.
vian.
P retirito perfecto: l.v in , 2. viches (vic h e), 3.veu (v iu ), 4. vim os, 5. vlchede« ( v l i l t i ) , A vltitn
P retirito pluscuamperfecto: l.v ir a , 2.viras, 3. vira, 4. viram os, 5. virade» (v lr a li, v ir il»),
6.
viran.
Subxuntivo I: l.v e x a , 2. vexas, 3. vexa, 4. vexam os (vexa m os), 5. vexades (vtx a d a i, va»AI»,
vexais), 6. vexan.
Subxuntivo I I: l.v is e , 2. vises, 3. vise, 4 .visem os, S.visedes (viseis, vis iis), 6. vifen.
Imperativo: 2 .ve , 5.vede.
V i r
Presente: 1. ve flo, 2. ves (veis), 3. ven, 4. vim os, 5. vides (viis ), 6. veilen (vein ).
P retirito perfecto: 1. vin (viA en ), 2. viAeches (viflech e), 3. veu, 4. viAem os, S. viA tchede»
(viAestes), 6. viAeron.
P retirito pluscuamperfecto: l.v iA e ra , 2. viAeras, 3. viAera, 4. viA iram os, 5. v iA ira d e i (viAerais, viAeräis), 6. viAeran.
P retirito imperfecto: l.v iA a , 2. viAas, 3. viAa, 4. viflam os, 5. viAades (viAades, viAais, viAäis), 6. viAan.
Subxuntivo I: 1. veAa, 2. tfcflas, 3. veAa, 4. veAam os (v ifla m o s ), 5. veAades (vertäis, viA ades,
veAais), 6. veAan.
Subxuntivo
I I:
l.v iA e se ,
2. viAeses,
3.viAese,
4 viAcsemos.
5. viAisedes
(vi fieseis,
vi-
Aeseis), 6. viAesen.
Im perativo: 2. ven, 5.vid e (vii).
ü p H M eqaTenbH o, h t o
-e ro n ,
b
0 K0 HHaHHflx nep<J>eKTa -eches, -e m o s , -echedes,
era, -eras, -era m o s, -erades, -eran
n iiK > C K B a M n e p < j)e K T a
x u n tiv o
I I
K p b iT b ifi:
h
Sub
ese, -eses, -esem os, -6sedes, -esen rjiacH bifi -e- B c e r q a o t -
t iv fc h e s ,
t iv g s e ,
b
to
B peM «
KaK
b
c o o T B G T C T B y i o ii jH X
naHHHX p e r y j m p H b i x r j ia r o jio B r n a c H b i f i - e - B c erA a
okoh-
3 a K p b iT b ifi: b e b e c h e d e s ,
b e b e s e . rip o T H B o n o c T a B jie H H e 0 T K p b i T 0 C T H / 3 a K p b i T 0 C T H H e c e T 3 .n e c b H C K .n io H H T e / ib H o
C T p y K T y p H y io
H H t J jo p M a u H i o
o
n p H H aA n e*H O C T H
m a ro n a
k pe-
ry jm p H O M y h j i h H e p e r y n a p H O M y T n n y c n p a * e H H « .
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CaHTaMapHHa [S a n ta m a r in a
HOCTb HeKOTopbix
rjiarojTOB
2 -ro
1974b,
H 3 -ro
15] OTMenaeT T a x y io o c o 6 eHcnpHweHH«,
KaK coxpaH eH ne
TeM aTHHeeKoro rjia c H o r o -i- b 1-8 (JiopMe npe3eHca h bo Bcex $ o p M a x
S u b x u n tivo
1: b a r r io , b a rria o t b a r re r ‘ m cc th ’, p a r tio , p artia o t p artir
•^cnHTb’, ‘ oTnpaBnH Tbca’. 3 T a o c o 6 eHHOCTb n p n cym a TOJlbKO rn a ro jia M ,
HMeiomHM
-a- b
Kopne,
h x o th
(JjopMbi c -i- He »BJiflioTCH o 6 m en pn-
HRTMMH, B IlH C b M eH H O M y 3y c e OHH BCTpeH aiO TC« flOBOJIbHO HaCTO.
83
B
o t jih h h c
n a p H b ix
6e3
h
H en a H eK o ro
ot
H e p e r y jia p H b ix
b
h 3m chch h0
»3 b iK a
r jia r o jio B
OCHOBe:
p o fle r e i,
t e n d r i a h T .n . x a p a K T e p H b i f l j i a
K o jT H M e c T B O
r jia r o jio B
v is t o ;
b
K p o M e
0 C T a jib H 0 M
T a K * e
fa c e r,
T o ro ,
ö y T H B H o fi
H an p H M ep ,
o t
w e H H b if t ',
chocado
pagado
h pago
t e n d r e i,
O
npH H acTH a
H e n p a B H J ib H b ie
o t
<j>opM a
p o n d r e i,
H e p e r y j ia p H b ix
t
d it o ,
npH M acT H «
f e it o ,
p o sto ,
p e r y jia p H b ix
o t
a c e n d e r
—
c h o c o
A ße
n e p H (J)p a 3 a x
b
h
< |> o p M b i
a T p n -
b
b a T p H 6 y T H B H o f i ( J jy H K ijH H ;
T o jib K o
c h o c a r ‘ H a c H W H B a T b ’,
‘ 3 a * H r a T b ’,
npnnacTH a
‘ r iJ ia T H T b ’ o 6 p a 3 y K ) T c a
h
o 6 p a 3 y io T c a
k o t o p w x
H c n o jib 3 y e T c a
H e p e r y jia p H a a
r jia r o jio B
p a g a r
H e B e jiH K O .
r jia r o jio B ,
p e r y jia p H a a
‘ M O J iO T b ’,
<J>opMbi
p ery-
m o r r e r ‘ y M H p a T b ’ h a b r i r ‘ o T K p b i B a T b ’: m o r t o , a b e r t o .
p a fl
( ] > y H K it H H ,
p o d e r e i.
n p H M a c T H fi
v e r
h m o o t c r
r jia r o jio B
H M eeTca
npH M acT H Ü :
p o r,
B peM eH H
K acT pan o h M anyppao.
H e n p a B H jib H b ix
d e c ir ,
6 ya ym ero
$opM bi
b 6 o jib u iH H C T B e c jiy n a e B
‘ H a c H H c e H H b if i’,
h aceso
a c e n d id o
h
m o id o
m u d o
‘
m o e r
‘ 3a * -
m o j io t m h
’,
‘ y n jia H C H H b if t ’.
H E K O T O P b lE O C O B E H H O C T H <J>yHKIJHOHHPOBAHHfl
<DOPM B P E M E H H H H A K J IO H E H H fl
C y m e c T B e H H o ft
xapaK TepH C TH K O H
m a r o jib H o fi
H e n a H e K o ro
ch ctcm w
h n o p T y r a j i b C K o r o a 3 b iK O B «B J ia e T c a n o jiH ^ y H K U H O H a jib H O C T b m a r o j i b H b i x
4>opM , flo x o fla m a a a o
o m o h h m h h , o 6 h j i h c b t o p h m h m x , n e p e H O C H b ix y n o T -
p e 6 jie H H Ü , 3 a K p e n jie H H O C T b H e K 0 T 0 p w x y n o T p e 6 jie H H H
ce M a H T H K O -C H H T a K C H M eo K H M H
M O A e jia M H
M H oroo6 pa 3H e c h h o h h m h m c c k h x
h
3a o n p e A e J ie H H b iM H
B b iT e K a io u t e e
o th o ih c h h h
M e*A y
H3 B c e r o
r ji a r o j i b H b i M H
3T oro
(J>op-
M a M H . C H T y a ijH a b r a jiH C H H C K O M a 3 b iK e e i y e ö o j i e e c j i o w H a H e TO JibK O n o
npH M H H e
H eycTO H M H B O C TH
3 y jib T a T e
T o ro ,
M e H b iu e ,
MeM
m to
b
y c T H o fi
H opM
k o jih m c c tb o
H en aH eK O M
nH C bM eH H O H
h
<J>opM
caM H X
h jih
peM H ,
ho
n o p T y r a jib C K O M ,
a,
h b per jia r o jia
c jie A O B a T e jib H O ,
h x n 0 JiH<J)yHKUH0 H a n b H 0 C T b e m e 6 o j i b i n e .
B cHCTeMe hhahKaTHBa
BeTCTByiomHe
HenaHekhm
oTcyTC TB yioT
ha
c a n ta d o ,
aHajiHTHMecKHe
h a b ia
c a n ta d o ,
<{>opMbi, c o o t hubo
c an tad o,
h a b rä c a n ta d o h h a b ria ca n ta d o . P . K a p 6 a jib o K aJiep o c h h tb c t, mto 3TH
«JiopMbi BbipaxcatoT acneK T yajibH b ifi npH3Hax 3aKOHMeHHOCTH ActtcTBHa; nocKOJibKy h x HeT b rajuiHCHÜCKOM, t o nojiyMaeTca.HTO 3T0T h im k , pa3rpaHHHHBaa BpeMeHHbie OTHOineHHa, ocTaB jiacT iicBbipawcHiibiM H itciieKTyajibHbie
npH3HaKH, npaBAa, b c jiy n a e HywAM
C a le r o
1966,
236],
O ahbko
(J)opMbi ha
c a n ta d o
p e3yjib T 8T a
a c A c th h «
h m cgt.
opMa
hcact
hublu
n
tto
npH ß ciu n
k ncpm JipuiaM [C a r b a llo
y m e p M A c im c
iictom ho.
k n cn i.ip u w en noc im n p in iiu K a
m o m c iit
cn n lu tlo
pcm .
h m cci
mto
h
k aciieK Ty
KaMccTBe
OTeyTeTBHe
aKTyajibHocTH
OTHOlueHHa He
«JjyHKUHOHajibHoro
3KBHBajiCHTa b ih jih ch H ck om C H iiiciH M ccK yio (JjopMy Ha -ra: can tara , koTO paa, OAHBKO, XapaKTCpHiyCICM OMOIIHMHMHOCTbK), nOCKOJIbKy BblCTynaeT
b
4>yHKUHH He TOJihKO iijiiocK H aM iiepêK T a,
ho
h S u b x u n tiv o
II,
6 yAyHH b nocjieAH eM c jiy n a e cmiiohhmhmhoü $ o p M e cantase. B otjthm hc o t
HenaHeKOM (|)opMbi ca n ta ra h <}>yiiKHHH njiK>CKBaMnep<j>eKTa rajiHCHHCKaa
4>opMa
T oJib K o
Ha
-ra
He
HMeeT
k u k h x -jih 6 o
c th jih c th m c c k h x
b 0 TH0 ineHHH (j>opM h a b r i c a n ta d o
KOHHOTauHÖ.
h h a b ria c a n ta d o
P.
Kap-
6 a jib o K a jie p o , no-BHAHMOMy, npaß. B HenaHeKOM 3 t h <J)opMbi y n o T p e 6 84
jih io tc h
p e flK o
b
n ep B H H H o ii
4>yHKMHH
11
ß y/ iym cro ,
n hhx
m tijv i
KOM M y-
HHKaTHBHO BeflymHM HBJIHeTCH acnCKTyUJIbllliin lipHIIIMK IBUOH'ICIIHOCIH
A eöcTB H ».
B
)to m
r jia r o ;io M (e r.
[+
b
cjiyn ae
rajincHticKOM
b
H opvie c o n e T a io m a fl
iic p iJ jc K T H B iio c T b ],
ho
3flecb
b
y iio ip c ft jiN r u ii
n r p H t j i p n in
c
c c 6 e npH'timkm | I H irp n iH iH io m .| .
coxpa H H tom ati
r o jib K ii
it|>H tni«k | l iirp
(JjcKTHHiiocTi.]; cp.: ncn. c u a n d o te v u e lv a s , ya h u h ri c u m ltlu ii imii u im ln
vefliis, xa terei x a n ta d o ‘ K orfla Tbi BepHeuibCH, h yme iK toftp jm M i',
K uk
y *e
HCpCJIKH,
oT M en a jio cb ,
XOTH
OHH
aHajiHTHHecKHe
OTBeprajOTCH
KaK
4>opMbi
b iiHCbMfHHOM
HeHOpMaTHBIIMO.
II
y iy c r
l'AnpilHk«'
H apo;in bix CKa30K ” Contos populäres da Provincia de l.U||o" (V igo, IV/J)
X. Mafiep He o6 H ap y*H .n hh o a h o h 4>opMbi cjioxcHoro ncp(J>CKi« h
M ano 4>°PM n^tocKBaM nep4)eKTa co BcnoMoraTejibHbiM n ia r o jio M IimIipi
h jih ter [M eier 1975, 41, 42], h t o k o c b c h h o CBHfleTejibCTByer o h»viiih
pe6HTejTbH0CTH 3THX <j)OpM B yCTHOH peHH, eCJIH OHa HC MOJIRCpWrMU
BJIHHHHK) K aC TH Jlb C K O rO .
Mto
KacaeTca cJjopM KOHT>K)HKTHBa,
»3biKa cante,
h aya
cooTBeTCTByioT B cero flBe (fo p M b i
b
to
neTbipeM (JmpMaM H cim iicuu m
c a n ta d o , ca n ta s e/ c a n ta ra
b
h
h u biese/hu bieru cn iilm ln
rajiHCHHC k o m : can te
can tase/cim liin i
h
p e3yjibTaTe n e ro ,aH<}>(J)epeHUHaqHH BpeMeHHbix OTHomeHHÖ 0Ka3himtr
pe^yuH poBaH H oii. 3 rajiHCHHCKHX $ o p M a x HH(|>HHHTHBa
jiHHafOTCH
npH3HaKH
[ ± npeam ecTBOBaHHe],
n03T0M y
h
k m
rep y H flH « ne pti i
HCiiaHCKHM h iiliri
c a n ta d o h h a b ie n d o c a n ta d o CooTBeTCTByioT npocTbie rajiHCHHCKHe (JiopMi.i
ca n ta r h ca n ta n d o .
B [G a le g o 1976, 126, 127] O T M e n a e T c n HajiHHHe c jie / i y i o m H X Kajick
HenaHeKHx cjio>KHbix 4»opM: hei c a n ta d o . h abia c a n ta d o , h o u b en c an tad o,
haberei c a n ta d o , h a b eria c a n ta d o , haxa c a n ta d o , h o u b era / h ou b ese c a n ta d o ,
h a ber
c a n ta d o ,
habendo
ca n ta d o .
H eK O T o p w e
n H m ym n e yn oT p e6 ji«K > T
BMecTO B cn o M o ra T e jib H o ro r j i a r o j i a h a b e r n ia r o ji ter: te iio cantado, tifla can
ta d o
h T.,q., x o t h ,
3a
3 H a n e H H e,
0 6 o 6 lu h m
KaK 6 w j i o
HCKJiioHeHHeM
CKa3aHO, 3Ta (JopM a HMeeT HTepaTHBHoe
c ji y n a n
oth ccch h o cth
k
njiaH y
6 ya ym ero.
cKa3aHHoe o c o o t h o u i c h h h rajiHCHHCKHX h HenaHe k h x (J)opM:
raJIHCHttCKHfii H3UK
H cnaH C K H Ü n3biK
I n d i c a t i v 0
Presente
Imperfecto
Preterito perfecto compuesto
Preterito perfecto simple
Preterito pluscuamperfecto
l’ rclcrito anterior
I’ ul 1110 simple
l iiliuo compuesto
l iiliini simple en el pasado
I i i I h m i compuesto en el pasado
Presente
Imperfecto
Preterito perfecto
Preterito pluscuamperfecto
Futuro
Futuro no pasado
Subxunt i vo
l ’ l f Ht’ MlC
l'ie lf'H h i
poitccto com puesto
IItipOtl«*i Io
IIH Ilip n lc c lo
Subxuntivo I
Subxuntivo II
85
OCOEEHHOCTH O YH K U H O H H PO B A H H H
<DOPM H H f l H K A T H B A
P r e s e n t e . O chobhoü
Tax
h
o co ß e H H o cT b io
rajlHCHHCKOM aBjiaeTca
b
e ro
npe3eH ca
KaK
b
nenaHeKOM,
ynoTpeÖJieHHe
npeH M ym ecTBeH H oe
b ycT H ofi peHH b 3H8HCHHH 6 y a y m e r o : D o u c h e p ou sad a p o rq u e eu c o n ö z o te
‘ R flaM Te6 e HOHJier, n0 T0 My h t o 3Haio T e ö a ’; A i, M a n o e l, h o x e si qu e
te m a ta a M a rig u a n a ... — N o n |m<7/a,Jnon ‘ A H , MaH03Ji, y 6 beT Te6 a ceroßHH
M a p n r y a H a ! — H c t , He yß b eT, h c t ’ [ M e y e r 1974, 8 , 9 ],
Ö o p M a npe3eHca ynoTpeÖJiaeTCH KaK b n p o T a cn ce, TaK h b an oao cH ce
y cn o B H o ro nepHOßa p e a jib H o ro ycjiOBHa: se ch ove non saio ‘ ecjiH 6 yêT
a He Bbiffay'; se le fio te m p o vou ‘ ecjiH ß y a e T BpeMa, h n o fta y ’.
Pretfcrito
perfecto.
n o c K o jib K y
rajiHcnficKHft
neptjjeKT
c o o t-
BeTCTByeT flßyM HenaHeKHM <{>opMaM — npocTO M y h c ji0 * H 0 My nep(J>eKTy,
npH3H3K
aKTyajibHOCTH
pe3yjibTaTa
a c ü c tb h h
b
m om ch t
penn
He Ha-
x o a h t 4>opM aiibH oro Bbipajkchhh. X o t h nep<j>eKTy T a K * e n p n cym n pa3HHHHbie BTopHHHbie (JiyHKUHH, oh y n o T p e 6 jia eT ca p e * e b nepeHOCHbix
3HaHeHHHX, neM flp y r n e BpcMeHHbie (jjopM bi. H H orß a , bh ah m o, b 3aKpenneHHbix
y3ycoM
KOHTeKCTax,
nep(|>eKT y n o T p e 6 jineTCH
b 3HaneHHH He-
n o epefleT B eH H oro 6 y A v m e r o : i xa m arch ei! ‘ Hy, h n o iu e ji!’ hjih b (jjyHKUHH
p e 3 K o ro
npHKasa:
i xa
m arch ach e!
‘ n o iu e ji!’,
‘ o T n p a ß jia fic a !’;
tc a la c h e ? ‘ a Hy-Ka noMOJiHH!’ ; ia c a b ö u s e ! ‘ xß aT H T !’ [ P o r t o
D apena
1977,
198],
ß a jie e ,
nep(j>eKT
H3biKa,
naH CKoro
M O *e T
c 0 0 TBeTCTB0 BaTb
o6 o3H anaa
aeHCTBHe,
c ji0 * H 0 My
(jjyTyp yM y
3aBepiuHBiueeca
ao
HC_
A p y ro ro
AeffcTBHH, b m iaHe 6 y a y m e r o : C a n d o ti ch egu es, xa m a rch e i ‘ K o r a a t h
npH fleuib, h y * e y ö a y ’; N o n te apure's, m u lle r, c a n d o ch egu en as c in c o da
ta rd e , xa p a söu t o d o ‘ H e paccTpaH B aöca, M Hjiaa, k naTH nacaM Bce kohh h tc h ’.
I m p e r f e c t o . üepBHHHbie h BTopHHHbie (JiyHKUHH HMnep<j>eKTa b ra jih c h ü c k o m
Te w e, h t o b nenaHeKOM h jih nopTyrajibCKOM . flp a ß A . CaH-
TaMapHHa, B 03 p aw a iom H fi npoTHB p acn p ocT p aH eH H oro to jik o b 3 h h h npoTHBonocTaBJieHHH nep(})eK Ta
h
HMnep<j>eKTa
KaK acn eK T ya jib H o ro [S a n
ta m a rin a 1974b, 105]. IIp o c T b ie rjia ro jib H b ie (J>opMbi rajiHCHHCKoro H3biKa
n p o T H B o n o c T a B J iH io T ca
n o BpeMeHHbiM npH n iakum , ii ucneKTyajibHbie
npH3HaKH
HBJiaiOTCfl
COnyTCTByiOIKHMH,
IIHHCMIUHMH
OT
KOHKpeTHOÖ
jieKCCMbi h chhtbKC H H ecKoro OKpyiKCHHN. H M tiepijiCKi o fto ix a H a e T n p ew ae
B cero /(cH ctrh c, iiu jih h h c iic x o r o p o r o npoucccn n k u k o B -jih 6 o onHCbiB aeM u fl M OMCirr npcMeiiM, M p e n m e c m y io iu iill m o m c ii ry penn, b t o BpeMa KaK
nep(|>eKT o fio n iR iN e r jic d c iN H e ,
npMMo t o o i iio c h m o c c m o m c h to m
h n p e A m e c m y M )iu c c e M y : 1,1! l o n m
lol7 (J u c r la s llc n io ito , n on si? —
penn
N on,
s e flo r, eu non Ile ifU frla , p oii|iic nIiuIh non qu ixvn a ningu en (C a s te la o 425)
‘ K a K w e 3 t o cJiyHHJiock? I M ee ompiii. jiio G h ji, He TaK jih ? — H e T , ceHbop,
a He jik > 6 h ji ee,
M O M eH T
B
le ^ h
fl eine
npOUIJIOM
MOWPI
iio k ii
iih k o io
KNK-'I'O
He jik> 6 h j i ’. OnncbiBaeM bifi
o6o3HaHaTbCfl
B
BbICKa3bIBaHHH:
Urtha vez vlüam os eu i un llu in r ii du F o n s a g ra d a ‘ I I I jih m h KaK-TO c .nafleH
H3 O o H c a r p a A w ’, h o j t o ne o ft « w n c jib H o : t,P or qu e chorabas? — T in a m ed o
a q u e n on v o lv e s e d e s TloM C M y t u njiaKajia? — B oa jia cb , h t o Bbi He BepHeTecb’ [T a M w e , 105— 108).
86
O flH O Ö H3 B aJKHeÜ UIHX B T O p H H H b lX ())y il KUHN llM IIC p(|)C K TII MHJtHCTCH 3Han eH H e
6 yA ym ero
b
n p o iu e A iu e M ,
C H M M c r p H M iio o
D ix e n lle qu e iba ä fe ir a p o lu
npe3eH ca:
M o ;t n O u o it
wc
(jjy iiK U H H
maAA m i t » ‘ H ckm «mji cMy, h to
O T n p a B ju o c b Ha ap M apK y p a H o y T p o M ’. A a ;ie a , MMMep<J>cri y n m p c f t j i H c r c H
b
H p p ea jib H o ro
a n o / io c H c e
y c jio B H o ro
O T H O C H m e ro c H k n jia H y H a c T o a m e r o : Se
n rp n o ;m
tiveie
c
u o io id m
‘ c c jih ’,
nc
preMdbui hn
o llb r o
‘ H c jih Om
y MeHH öbuia 3Ta KHHra, a 6 b iT e 6 e e e f l a j i ’; M ä iirn m / a .rn ich e daran, p c r o c o m o
non che d an , a rra b e a s c o m o un c a n (R e fr ä n s , 130) ‘ T w Om 0 o j i m i i « « j i , « c j i h Om
T e6 e âBajiH, h o, n o c K o jib K y T e6 e He a a io T , t u
B p a 3roB 0 pH0 H penn c n o M o u ib io
KHK coOhkh'.
3JiHiUbCN,
b npoTacH co m a iu vim iH ic
H M n e p tJ je K T a
c T p o H T c a ycjioBH bifi n e p H O fl 6e3 c o i o 3 a se: ...to cd b a m e a m in unha g u ln lela c
6 bi a B binrpaji b jioT C p eio , a Am
pa ra ba a v ia x a r ‘ ...ecjiH
non
nu ibK i)
h fle jia ji, h t o nyTeuiecTBO Baji’ [G a le g o 1977, 183].
HMnep<J>eKT y n o T p e ö jia e T c a a jih cM arneHHa yTBepjKflCHHH npH anajihbom o 6 pameHHH: Q u e ria lle p e d ir un fa v o r ‘ Ä x o T e ji 6 bi noupocH Tk hmc
06
oahom
oAOjiaceHHH’;
Vina fa la r c on
v o s te d e
‘f l
bot
npnuicji
ito ro
BopHTb c BaMH’, a T a K * e b sMcjmTHHecKHx o 6 o p o T a x T H n a :,iM a l era l *Il«>i
e m e He X B a T a n o!’ [S a n ta m a r in a 1974b, 109].
$opM a
Ha
h
-ra,
3HaneHHa
raeT ca,
h
k o h t >k ) h
Ha
c a T e jie fi —
C jiyH afi rp a M M a T H n e c K o ß o m o h h m h h n p e flC T a a jm p i
3HaneHHe njiiocKBaM nep(}>eKTa hhahKaiH N ii
K O T o p o fi
KTHBa
n p n cy m n
b
oAHnaKOBofl
M epe.
ü p e A n o jiu
HHflHKaTHBHoe ynoTpeßjieH H e (J)opMbi Ha -ra b rajiHCHÜCKOM
hto
n o B J in a jio
-ra .
Ha
4>opM a
ee
a H a jio rH H H o e
ynoTpeßjieH H e
H enaH eK O M
b
a 3 M K e . iih -
BbixoûeB H 3 TajiH CH H : 3 . I la p flo BacaH, P . B ajib e H H K jia n u
flp ., a Taioice
HenaHeKOM a3biKe JlaTHHCKoft AM epHKH
b
npHTOKa rajiHCHHCKHX 3 M H rp aH T 0 B
b
X IX — X X
bb.
pe3yjibTaTe
b
[ N o v i c o v 1979, 234],
opMa Ha -ra y n o T p e 6 jia e T c a n pH b o k j i h b o m o 6 pam eH H H , npHHeM
ycTaHaBjiHBaeTca c jie A y io m a a nocjieflO B aTejibH ocTb <j>opM o t ß o jie e k M eHee
K aT erop H H H biM : d e b o —
d eb ia —
d eb era —
d e b e ria [S a n ta m a rin a 1974b,
115].
O y H K H H a K O H i>fO H K TH B a 4 > o p M b i H a - r a p a c c M a T p H B a e T c a H n » e .
F u tu ro .
I le p B H H H o f l
(J jy H K iiH e fi
< })y T y p y M a
a B jia e T c a
o6o3 H an eH H e
O T H O iu eH H a c jie flO B a H H a , y c T a H a B jiH B a e M o r o M e * f l y m o m c h t o m p e n n h
CTBHeM,
X O TB
B
y n o T p e ß jia e T c a
n o c jie
pa3rOBOpHOH
peace, neM
H apfeH H a x a
‘y * ,
peH H
$opM a
(})O p M a
(J )y T y p y M a
n p e3eH ca. T o jib K o
Xa veredes
...xa fa re i o q u e
b o t , c e f i n a c ’:
y B H flH T e , h t o c h h m c jiy H H J io c b ’ ;
o
B 3T0Ö
(J )y T y p y M
flefi-
(j>yH Ki;H H
B 0 3 M 0 »c e H
q u e I le p a s ö u
‘ C e fin a c
p o id a ‘ . . . y * c fle jia io , h t o
C M o ry ’ [TaM * e , 116]; — N o n , a g o r a n o n m o s d e a s , xa virei p o r e l e s ( C o u s a s ,
18)
‘ H e T , T b i M H e c e f in a c h x He A a B a fi, a e m e n p H fly 3 a h h m h \
Ilp H 3 H a K H
o ß jiH r a T o p H o c T H
o ß y c jio B jie H H b iM H
h
pyM n,
ochobc
xoTa
o T K u ib iB a iO T c a
■m roah t
ero
Ha
He
npH 3H aTb
3a
h
M o ry T
s th x
3a
n p e a e jib i
H aM epeH H a
B x o f lH T b
b
npH 3H aK0B
(J iy T y p y M O M
hhahK aTH Ba.
H aCTO TH O C Tb
K O T O pO T O
H eK O Topw e
h h c to
K
N a N d ic H u ia a B T o p H H H a a 4>yH K i{H a <|>yTypyM a —
f’H IIOTCTHHCCKOe,
h b jib io tc h
o n p e fle jie H H e
3H aneH H a
TaK
*e
<J>yTy-
H C C JießO B aTejiH
B peM eH H oe
3TO M y
B p eH H
K 0 H T e K C T y a jib H 0
hx
3 H a n eH H e
h
n oO yacA aeT
H a 3 M B a e M o e ö y ^ y m e 'e
H aCTO JlbK O
B e jiH K a , HTO
ero o c h o b h o ü <J>yHKJ.yufn scrd? ‘ K t o 6 b i 3 t o M or O b iT b ’ ; Serän as catro ‘ Cefinac, Ha»•piiop, 'ir ri.ipe naca’; C erto dla fitriume unha vaca. iQ u 6 coidarä de min?
la cT H H J iM cr c M H T a T b M O f la jib H o e 3 H a n e H n e < {> y T y p y M a
87
pensei eu (Castelao, 31 ) ‘ OAHaacflbi Ha mchh ycTaB H jiacb KaKaa-TO K opoßa.
060 MHe m h ch h «? — n o A y M a ji a\ T e M He MeHee
HHTepecHO, K aK oro OHa
A. CaHTaMapHHa CHHTaeT ö y A y m e e THnoTeTHHecKoe BTopHHHoß, MeTa(J)0 pHHecK 0 H 4>yHKUHeH, b KOTopofi CTajiKHBaioTca napaflHrM aTHHecKoe
3HaneHHe 6yAymH0CTH, npHcyujee <J>yTypyMy, h peajibH aa OAHOBpeMeHHocTb
npouecca MOMeHTy penn, h t o
h
n opow A aeT
3<}>(J)eKT HeyBepeH-
h o c th , n p eA n ojiow H Tejib H ocT H . HecoM HeHHO, <|>yTypyM, KaK h (J)opMa Ha
-r(a , — c jia 6 biß ynacTOK r jia ro jib H o fi c h c tc m h , H axoAam H ßca b pa3BHTHH,
Ha h t o yKa3biBaeT npoTHBopeHHe M e * A y 3HaneHHeM h y3ycoM $ y T y p y M a :
b nepBHHHofi 4>y HKUHH> n 0 KpattHeff M epe b p a j r o B o p H o f t penn, oh
yn oT p eöJ iaeT ca peAKO h BbiTecHaeTca npe3eH coM , a b o b top h h h o H
0 n p o u e cc e M o p ^ o jio n m q H H
({tyHKUHH name. A. CaH TaM apHHa roB op H T
3HaHeHHfl
THnOTeTHHHOCTH
rH3auHH
H
K O M Ö H H a T o p H o ro
CpaBHHBHCT
B apw aH T a
ero
C
npOqeCCOM
(})o n e M b i
(j)OHOJIO-
1974b,
117].
4>opMa
Ha
Pa3 H oo6p a3 H e <t>yiiKUHÜ (j>opM bi Ha - r ia h b hc-
-r ia .
naHCKOM H B rajlHCHÖCKOM T a K BCJIHKO, HTO 0K a3bIB aeTC a HeB03M 0)KHbIM
OTHeCTH
0AH 03H 3H H 0
ocoß oe
(J)OpMy
K H 3 tH B H T ejlb H O M y
A e jiH T b
b
n o T C H iw a jib H o e
m o jk h o
npH H U H n najibH O , h Bce n o n b iT K H
neHHe (jjo p M b i Ha - r ia
o c jio a c H a e T c a
H aK jioH eH H e.
BbiBecTH
c jio w h o ü
HJIH Bbl-
s to
HeB03-
K a K 0 e -T 0 e A H H o e 3Ha-
B rajlHCHHCKOM n o jioa ceH H e
o 6 p e H eH b i Ha n p o ß a ji.
o T e y T eT B H e M
H3KJI0HeHHK>
O h cbh ah o,
(JrnpMbi
h a b r ia
c a n ta d o ,
(JiyHKUHH
K O T o p o fi B b in o jiH a eT n p o c T a H <j)opM a Ha -ria .
üpHHHCJieHHe
n p e*A e
B cero
<J)OpMbI
Ha
Ha 0CH 0Be e e
- r ia
K CHCTeMe
HHAHKaTHBa
tjiyHKUHH 6 y A y m e r o
npOH3BOAHTCa
b n p o u ie A iu e M ; h o 3Ta
B p o A e 6 b i jio rH n ec K H nepBH H H aa (J>yHKi;Ha (JjopM bi 0 K a 3 b iB a e T ca HaHM eHee
y n o T p e Ö H T e jib H o ii.
C o n to s
p o p u lä r e s
TaK ,
da
X.
M aß ep
P r o v in c ia
de
oTM enaeT,
Lugo
b
h to
s to h
b
y n o M H H y T b ix
(|>yHKUHH n a m e
yw e
ynoT-
p eß jiaeT C H HMnepcjjeKT, a He $ o p M a Ha -r ia : O d e m o d i x o lle q u e a q u e l o 0
a rreg la b a e l ‘ M e p T c K a 3 a ji, h t o o h c a M y jia A H T 3 t o A e j i o ’ [ M e i e r 1975, 4 3 ];
c h e d ix e n q u e c h e p a ga b a o x o r n a l ( E s m o r g a , 3 1 ) ‘ JI * e
Xa
C K a3 aji, h t o
3 a n jia n y T e 6 e 3a A e H b ’.
H a n 6 o jie e
n a c T o ß (J>yHKi;Hefi 4>opM bi Ha - r ia
jia e T c a
cjjyHKAHa
4>opM a
Ha
- r ia
B peM eH H biM
6 yA ym ero
b
o t jih h h c
Anana30H 0M ,
b p a i r o B o p i i o t i p en n bb-
rn n o T eT H H ecK o ro .
ot
H e n a H eK o ß
n o c K o jib K y
O ahüko
o 6 jia ;ia c r
c o o tb c tc rn y c r
n
ra jm c n ß c K O M
ß o jic c
11c
m upoKH M
TOJlbKO
ncn.
c a n t a r ia , h o h h a b r ä c a n t a d o h h a b r ia c a n t a d o , r.c. m o jk c t c o o T H o c H T b c a
KaK c M OM eHTOM p en n , B b ip a w a a iip c A iiie c r r io m iH H c ,
M O M eH TO M
BpCM CIIH
R lip o lllJ IO M ,
m e c T B O B a n H c ; 4>pu iu
H H T e p n p c T H p o B a iia
hjih
‘ T b i,
H a B e p iio c , o c o u ia ji
ecjiH (})o p M a c a n ta rd
C H T e jib H O
ilrcalarlaxir
kuk ‘ t m ,
AeßcTB H a,
»
q u e C N liib a s i r a b u c a d o
t o i am . ' n o
imjihch Mckom
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k oh t>k)h K TH B a c H apeH H eM q u iz ä is / q u iz a b e s ‘ m o jk c t 6 b iT b ’, h o
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90
3 A J!O r
T m io jio r H H e c K o ö
O T c y TC TB H e
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o c o ß e H H o c Tb io
O T p a 6 o T a H H b ix
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h h j ih c h h
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H3-3a Toro, h t o npHnacTHe m o jk c t ynoTpe6jiHTbca c m arojioM »e r th k w c
eme h ABycMucjteiiHa; cp,:
a edieiön foi reducida *H3AaHHe 6bijio orpaHHHeHo’ h jih ‘ hsaihhc Amjio
orpaHHneHHbiM’ [R o jo 1974a, 23], B m c c to Antön foi ferido b ycTHofl pe'iM
B cerâ C K a *y T feriron a Antön ‘ AHTOHa paHHjiH’; b m c c to m o ito m lllo Io !
colleito este ano ‘ b 3 to m roAy 6biJio C06paH0 m h o to KyKypysu* CKMNcyi
moito millo se colleu este ano ‘ b s t o m r o A y co6pajin m h o to KyKypytbi'
[Carballo Calero 1966, 232],
H C K y C C T B eH H O C T b , KHHJKHOCTb K O H C T p y K1JHH Ser + participio yBCJIHMHB a e T c a npn o6o3HaneHHH c y 6 i»e K T a a c h c t b h h : O libro foi signado poloautoi
‘ K H H r a 6 biJia n o fln H c a H a a B T o p o M ’ . KpoMe r j i a r o j i a ser b n a c c H B H o tt k o h CTpyk u h h M o r y T y n o T p e 6 jiH T b ca B c n o M o ra T e n b H b ie r j i a r o j i b i quedar, estnr.
verse, andar h AP- [R o jo 1974a, 166, 167].
b aTpHßyTHBHOH (JjyHKUHH, 3Ta KOHCTpykuhh
fljia
H 6 ep o -p o M a H C K H X H3biKOB x a p a K T e p H a t c h a c h u h h M ap K H p o B aT b c
n o M o m b io M ecTO H M eHH O H 4>opMbi r jia r o jia p a 3 H o o 6 p a 3 H b ie b h a i >i AeftcTB H fl
h
c o c to h h h H,
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np H
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Be Te Ha H c ro (JjopM ott u i u i o jia ( o t b c t - s x o ) M ecTO H M eHH an K JiH TH K a o ny e na c tc h : Vh'crU'hcstc u o co llcr o m iic h u d o ? — Fe rin ‘ TbinopaHHjicn, r ih b To n o p ? —
fla ,
n o p a iiH J ic ii’; iC hdm aste T a r c ix a ?
Tepeiu?
—
Chamo, s l, s e flo ra ‘ T e 6 « 3 0 B y T
A ll, ceiibopu' |('mbull<> C alero 1966, 231, 232],
91
H E O H H H T H b l E <DOPMbI TJIArOJIA
H h c J w h h th b , r e p y H flH fi h n p H H a c r a e p a3 J iH H aioT ca n p e w a e B c e r o c b o h m h
CHHTaKCHHeC KHM H <j>yHKUHHMH, H H KO rßa He B bIC Tyn aa B H A eH T H H H b lX KOHT e KCTax,
C T p y K TypajiH C TH H ecK H e o n p e fle jie H H H , b k o t o p h x
n03T0M y
ohh
p a 3rpaHHHHBaioTCH T o jib K o n o a c n e K T y a jib H b iM n pH 3H aK aM , OKa3biBaK>TCfl
H eyqaH H biM H [ R o j o
1 97 4a , 56; S a n t a m a r in a 1 9 7 4 b , 129].
H h i {> h h h t h b . B rajiH C H ficK O M , KaK h b n o p T y ra jib C K O M , h h <}>h h h t h b
p
HeKO TO pblX
C
HeM
(c m .
CJiyMaHX
rOBOpHT
O
MOWCT
HaJIHHHH
n a p a A H rM b i
n pH H H M aTb
JIHHHbie OKOHHaHHH, B CBH3H
ClipH TaeM O rO ,
cn p aw cH H a
HJIH
p e r y jia p H b ix
JIHMHOrO,
rjia r o jio B ).
H H $H H H TH Ba
IIo
m h c h h io
I U . A . II o p T O Î,an 3Hbi [ P o r t o D a p e n a 1 9 7 7 ,1 9 9 ], He H M eeT CMMCJia ro B p p H T b
O CymeCTBOBBHHM HCCIipHraCMOrO H C lip H raeM O rO HH(j)HHHTHBa KaK o A ß yx
pa3JiHHHbix rpaM M aTH M ecK H X
K aT ero p H H X , Ilo c K o jib K y H e c n p a ra e M b ift h h -
(J)HHHTHB MOWHO CHHTaTb HBCTHbIM CJiyHaCM y n O T p e 6 Jie h h h (JlOpMbl 3 - r o JI.
e fl. h. c n p a r a e M o r o HHc|)HHHTHBa, K O T o p a a n e H M eeT <J>jickchh.
O cH O BH bie
n e p B b ix ,
raeM oro
(jiyHKUHH
HaH 6 o jie e
HH(j)H H H TH Ba
c y 6i e K T
K o r fla
H ecn p a ra eM o ro
p a c n p o c T p a iie H H b iM
b
cocTaß e
Aeß cT B H Ü ,
HH(J)HUHTHBa
c jio w H o r o
B b ip a w e iiH b ix
c jie ß y io m H e .
Bo-
y n o T p e 6 jieH H e H e c n p a
a B jia e T c a
r jia r o jib H o r o
C K a 3 y e M o ro ,
yn p aB J ia ioiH H M r j i a r o j i o M
h hh-
4> h h h th b o m , oflH H h t o t w e : n o n s a b e n le r ‘ o h h He y M e io T H H TaTb’, e s c o m e n z ö u a q u e ix a r s e ‘ o h H an a ji w a jiO B a T b c a ’, v in a m o s fa cerlles u n h a v is ita
‘ m u n p H iu jiH k BaM b t o c t h ’ . B o - B T o p b ix , H e c n p a ra e M b iH h h 4 )h h h th b y n o T p e 6 jia e T c a b K a n e c T B e n p e / u io w H o ro AonojiH eH H H h b a 6 c o jiio T H b ix KOHCTpyKU h h x n p n coB naß eH H H c y 6 i>eKTa a c ü c t b h h , B b ip a w e H H b ix h h i])h h h th b o m h
CKa 3y eM b iM : N o n te d e s d e q u e v o s queixar ‘ B a M He Ha h t o w a jiO B a T b c a ’; ...p r a
asegurarse d o seu s ile n z o d e r o n lle m o i t o o u r o ( F o l k l o r e , 6 1 ) ‘ ...H T o 6 bi 6 biTb
yB ep eH H b iM b e r o MOJinaHHH, o h h a a jiH e M y m h o t o 3 o jio T a ’ ; E a x if ia d e arribar
KaK TOJlbKO M bi a o 6 pajiHCb
a B o s A i r e s p illa m o s u n tr e n (C a s t e l a o , 1 49 ) ‘ H
f l o B y s H o c - A fip e c a , mm c e jin b n o e 3f l ’.
H a K O H e u , c o 6 c t b c h h o 6e3JiHHHbiM a B jia e T c a y n o T p e 6 jieH H e H e cn p a ra e M o ro
HH^JHHHTHBa b K an ecT B e n o f l j i e w a m e r o , c K a 3 y e M o r o h n p e fljio w H b ix h
n p e fljio * H b ix
A o n o jiH eH H H
npn
o T eyT eT B H H
6 e c-
c y 6b e K T a
o n p e fle jie H H o r o
h
H eB 0 3 M 0 *H 0 C T H e r o BOCCTaHOBjieHHa: M a rch a r e m orrer un p o u c o ‘ y e x a T b
3H3HHT H e M H o ro y M e p e T b ’; c o m p r e saber ‘ HaAO 3 H aT b ’ ; ...n o n h eb ere ra c o m o
6 w j i o B ce p a B iio , h t o iic iiH c a T b ’: S en
n o n escribir ( C o u s a s , 9 7 ) ‘ ...H e nHTb
traballar n o n
A.
se
gana
CaH TaM apH H a
TaeT ca
C K o ro
‘ E e 3 T p y/ ia
re n
oTM enaeT,
y n o T p e ß jie iiH c
h to
h ik ^ h m h ih iiii
H3MKU [S a n t u m u r in a
1974b,
r
h h h c io
tjjy iik iih h
fic t
I33|,
iic jii.ih
iip iH K jm ,
ic m
A oß H T bca’. X o t h
iio / tjic w a m e r o
ii
o u rn n n e
npeanoH H ot
HcnaH-
iic m c iicc u p H M ep b i T a K o r o
y n o T p c ß jie iiH H c n p iM K J icM m o c i i i i o 'i i i o « i i u i i . i : I iu Iih ii os c a n s i e s te h o m e
n a c a m a ? N o n h ai c ou n ii m illo r q u e t> nun Ir r m u lii (R e l r a n s , 1 2 5 ) ‘ C o 6 aKH
n a io T , a o h h c i i o c t c j i h
iic n e in iic r ?
Ile r
iih m c io Jiyn iue, neM H H n ero He
H M eT b ’ ; O chorar d o s c a b ir to n q u e nc ta in n c o m a fid a lg u in o s e s m ir r ia d o s ,
pode
Topw e
fe r ir
o p e ito
XH binyT,
dun
c jio b h o
hom c
c m lc b lc
xBopw c
(C 'o iin u s, 6 2 ) ‘ ÜJiaH
6 a p ‘iy K ii,
M ow eT
K 03JiaT,
TpoH yTb
ko-
c e p a iie
n yB C T B H T ejib H o ro H e jio B e K a ’ .
H e c n p a r a e M b iH
pHtj>pa3, K O T o p w e
92
h h <|)hh h th b
bxoaht
tu k w c
6 y a y T p a c cM O T p e H b i h h w c .
b cocTaB
pa3JiHHHbix
n e-
c n p a ra e M o ro
Y n o T p e ö J ie H H e
nocKonbxy
oh
jiH H a io iu e ü
hm ;
y n o T p e ö J iflio T
ocoßoe
h h (| )h h h th b u
B o e n p H H H M a e Te a
fl3 b iK
b c b jh h
b
ot
BHHMaHHe Ha B biAejieH H e
C n p a ra e M b iH
h h < J )h h h th b
h to
h
H a jiH H H e
o n p e A e J ie H H o r o
c y 6 i> e K Ta
c c y 6 ie K T O M
c jiy n a e B ,
Tex
k o to p m x
b
um -
tiMiiiyttiMC
rajiHCHÜCKHC jim h ib h c tm
3aH H M aT b
m oxct
H e c n p a ra e M b ift,
m e te r onde h o u b e s e
m iio ih c
o t-
M cp rw ,
o ft p m u u io i
u p H c y ic iH H c
060 CH0 BaH 0 .
c n p a r a e M o r o HH$HHHTHBa
no3HUHH,
x a p a K T c p n o fl
H c n a n c K o ro ,
c s th m
110,
bccivu« 4 > a K y jih rn iH n iin ,
K a n e c TB c
ho
tc
jk c
cy6beK Ta
A eßcTB H a
c h iit b kuhm cckhc
y c jio B H e M
o 6 a 3 a T e jib H b iM
npe^ H K aT a: p ü n a n o s
o c h o b h o to
n h ji n c t c n
H ec o B n a A C H H C
h
m edo
x e n t e c o fie c id a ( E s m o r g a , 74 ) '...H a M
rroro
Irm ono.i n
6 m jio C T p a im io
3 a x o ^ H T b T y ^ a , r ^ e m o h ih 6 b iT b 3H aK 0 M b ie j iio a h ’; A p o r v e i t a n d o o q u n ld r -
monos s in a ic iö n a o o u v ir s o m e lla n te c o u s a , fe c h a ro n d u n g o l p e a p o r t a c
b o ta ro n
Ta k h x
a
tra n ca
c jio b
(E sm o rga,
M bi c t o j i j i h ,
81)
‘ B o c n o j i b 3 0 B a B iiiH C b
He A B H ra a c b
c M ecTa ,
ohh
tü m ,
p e3 K 0
h to
n o c jie
3 a x jio n H y ;iM
A B e p b h 3 a flB H H y jiH 3 a c o ß ’; A x i f i a de se marcharen c o m e n z a ro n o s r e m o n o i i
a
rilla r
na
HanaJiH
m in a
(C o u sa s,
c o n c e n c ia
M y n n Tb
y rp b n e H H a
64) ‘ K aK
c o b c c th ’;
...a o
TO U b KO
ohh
y u u iH ,
topärense n a l g ü n
m ciin
c a m iflo
e la
a g a c h a b a a c a ra n o se u p a n o e e l p o n ia s e a m o r r e r ( C o u s a s , 2 4 ) ‘ ...K o r A a
ohh
BCTpenajiH Cb
Ha y jin i;e ,
n jia T K O M , a y Hero
OHa n p H K p b iB a jia jih u o
3a M H p a jio c e p ^ i i e ’.
B [ G a le g o
1975, 152, 153] O T M e n a e T C » , h t o y n o T p e ß jie H H e c n p a r a e M o r o
HH(|)HHHTHBa B03MOXCHO B JIK>60 H 3aBHCHMOH Ü03HUHH, KOTfla OH BBO ßH TCa
n p e a j i o r o M : 6 chegares e s c r i b e ‘ K o r ^ a n p n e A e u i b , H an n u iH ’ ; de seguirdes a s i,
£ q u e f a r e d e s ? ‘ e c jiH B b i ö y ß e T e T a K n p o ,go .n > K a T b , h t o 6 y ,q e T e A e jia T b n 0 T 0 M ? ’
O ^H aKO
e c jiH
h h (])h h h th b
H e o 6 » 3a T e jib H a :
4>HHHTHBa b
e s c r ib e
n osH U H H
c j i e f ly e T
3a
chegarfes).
ö
n p e ;u io > K H o r o
C K a 3y e M b iM ,
cn p araeM aa
y n o T p e ß j ie H H e
flo n o jiH e H H H
(J)opM a
cn p araeM o ro
fla * e
hh-
n p H co B n a ß e H H H
c y 6 i.e K T O B A B y x fle flc T B H il a B ji a e T c a p a c n p o c T p a H e H H b iM « B jieH H eM b « 3b iK e
m h o th x
n H c a T e jie fi:
...s a e s
ti s o l i n o
p o la
p o r ta
n a d a ( E s m o r g a , 8 9 ) ‘ ...T b i B b ififle iu b o a h h
de
a d ia n te
e sen
decires
b n e p e ß H io io A B e p b , HHHero He
r o B o p a ’; . . . n o s m e t i m o s n u n p o r t a l p r a determinarmos o q u e t e r i a m o s q u e
fa c e r
(E sm o rga,
75)
‘ ...M b i
3a iu jiH
b
n o f l b e 3f l,
h to 6 w
o 6 c y flH T b ,
h to
HaM f l e j i a T b ’.
C n p a ra e M b iH
h h $ h h h th b
r jia r o jib H o r o c K a 3y e M o r o :
m o jk h o
Os
o 6 Hapy>KHTb h b c o c T a B e c jio x c u o r o
hom es non
q u e r e n s e r b u r r o s ; quixeran en
‘ ...jh o a h He x o T a T 6 biTb
6 u c T a T b jibB aM H , T H rp a M H , b o jik b m h *
h f l a * e b con eTaH H H a + in fi n i t i v o , 3 KBHBajieHTH 0 M T e p y H flH io : ...a p a r e c e n
tr o q u e s seren le ö n s ,
tig r e s , l o b o s
(C o u s a s , 6 9 )
o cjia M H ;
H ao6o p o T ,
ohh
as
irm ä n s
b o t ic a r io , d ü as
c a tro
do
x o tc jih
en
cada
fie s tr a ,
a fa ceren o p r a n t o
(C a s t e la o , 3 6 4 ) ‘ ...n o a B jia io T c a n eT b ip e c e c T p w a n T e K a p a , n o flB e B kbmcaom
o K H e,
h
HaHHHaiOT
npHHHTaTb\
Bo
B c ex
3 th x
c jiy H a a x
c n p a r a e M o r o HH({)HHHTHBa h 3 6 m t o h h o .
repyHflHÜ.
y
re p y H flH H flB e 0 CH0 B H bie c H H T a k c h h g c k h c (fyiiKU H H
iia p e H H a a h a T p n 6 y T H B H a a . B H a p e n H o ft (J)yHKLiHH o h o 6 o 3H BH acT a c U c t b h c ,
<>;iMOBpeMeHHoe c A e n c T B H e M , B b ip a w eH H b iM
iiy io m e e e M y : Indo p o l a c a r r e t e r a , v i r o n
C K a 3y e M U M ,
u n h a lu c e lla
h jih
m a r e lu
n p c A iu c c T -
‘ M ;ih iio a o -
p o r c , o h h yB H flejiH » e j i T b if t o r o H e x ’ ; Andando p o l o m o n t e , c h c K in 'o n ii c a p e la
* H A " JICCOM, O H H f l O U I J I H AO HaCOBHH’. B a T p H 6 yTHBHOfl 4>yIIKltKH IcpyH AH Ü
93
y n o T p e 6 jia e T c a
c r n a r o jia M H
H y B C TB e H H o ro
B o c n p H H T H » o ir , s e n t i r , v e r h
o 6 o 3 H a n a e T / je fic TB H e , 0,zjH 0Bp e M e H H 0e c n p o u e c c o M e ro B o c n p H H T H H :...v in
m u lle r lavando n a ro u p a ‘ ...h y B H jje ji w e H m H H y , c T H p a B iu y io 6 e jib e ’
unha
[ S a n ta m a r in a 1 9 7 4 b , 1 3 3 — 1 3 5 ].
C
n p e fljio r o M
n p H fla TO M H O M y
r e p y H jiH fl
en
Bp e M e H H ,
h
o6pa3yeT
B b ip a w a e T
K O HC Tp y k ljh io ,
3 K B H B 3 J ie H T H y io
H e n o c p e /jc TB e H H o e
n p e A iu e c TB O -
Ba H He o f lH o r o fle ö c T B H H / tp y ro M y : en cscu recen d o, m a rc h a m o s
‘ KaK TOJlbKO
C Te M H e e T, Mbi y fifle M ’; d e s p ö is , p o d e s fa la r co e n tc r r a d o r , en pasando a lg ü n
te m p o
( C a s te la o , 4 2 1 )
‘ . . .n 0 T 0 M
M o w c u ih
n o ro B o p H Tb
c M o rn jib iU H K O M ,
K o rq a n p o flß e T h c m h o to Bp e M e H H ’. P . K a p ß a jib o K a jie p o iip h b o a h t T a K * e
y iiO Tp c ß jiC H H H
npH M epu
re p y H / iH »
d e:...e n de pechando a p o r ta
c
iip c jy io jK H b iM
‘ ...K a K T o jib K o
c o n e Ta H H e M
en
o h la K p o c r /iB e p b ’ [ C a rb a llo
C a le ro 1 9 6 6 , 2 5 3 ],
K a K h b n o p Ty ra / ib C K O M , b la jm c n ftc K O M y n o T p e 6 H T e jie H C T p y K Ty p H b iß
3 K B H B a jie H T
re p y H flH H
a + in f i n i t i v o
b n a p e iH o fi
h
3 Tp H 6 y TH B H O 0
(J)yHK-
U H H :...a li o v e llo c o m e n z ö u a re c ita rp o e s fa s d e B e c q u e r, q ue a c ria d a e s c o itö u a
rir, a r ir (C o u sa s, 8 0 ) ‘ . . . T y T C Ta p H K H a n a ji ,a e K Ji3 M H p o B 3 Tb c t h x h E e K e p a ,
K O To p b ie cnyxcaHKa c / iy m a jia co c m c xo m ’; ...c a n d o q u ix o r o u b a lo o u a rrin c a la
fo lla v e u a co rre r u n h a se flo ra ( F o lk lo r e , 8 3 ) ‘ ...K o r / ia o h x o T e ji C T a m H T b e e h jih
B b ip B a T b
j ih c t ,
n p H ß e w a jia K a Ka a -TO c e H b o p a ’; ...s o m e n t e s lo g rö u d e c irm e que
t in a u n f i l l o a m o r r e r (C a s te la o , 1 6 1) ‘ ...o h TO Jlb KO C M o r C Ka 3aTb M He, h t o y
H ero
yM H paeT
c m h ’. A + i n f i n i t i v o
KaK
s K B H B a jie H T
re p y H ,«H H
B b iC Ty n a e T
T a K * e b c o c Ta ß e r jia r o j ib H b ix nepH(J)pa3 (cm . H H * e ) . T P o x o [ R o j o
113— 115]
roß op ax
y K a 3 b iB a e T,
h to
K O H C Tp y k u h h
a + in fin it iv o
1 9 74 a ,
p a c n p o c Tp a H e H a
b
3 a n a A H 0 H T a u H C H H , Ha A T J ia H TH n e c K O M n o 6 e p e w b e ; O H a n p o H H o
y K o p e H H jia c b b jiH T e p a T y p H O M « b i K e , a Ha p eH Hoe c o n e Ta H H e a c o r r e r ‘ 6 e r o M ’
y n 0 T p e 6 H T e jT b H 0 n o B ceii T a jiH C H H .
r ip H H a c T H e .
r i 0A0 6 H 0
n o ce6e H e H T p a jib H o
re p y H a H K )
h
H H $ H H H TH B y ,
n p H n a c TH e
CaMO
k a c n e K Ty ; a c n e K Ty a jib H b ie 3H3HeHHH 3 3 b h c h t o t ce-
M a H TH K O -C H H TS K C H H e c K o ro OKpyaceHHa h o t 0 C0 6 e H H 0 C Te ii 3naneHH H t o h
h j ih
hhoh
r jia r o jib H O H
npH H acTH eM
Tp a jib H O
k
jie K c e M b i.
xapaK TepH O
3 a jio ro B b iM
O a h sk o
3HaneHHe
a jih
r jis ro jib iib ix
nep(J)eKTHBHOCTH.
nepH(j)pa3 c
rip u n a c T H e
n p o T H B o n o c T S B jie H H H M . n o i r o M y
Hefi-
m o w c t onpeae-
jiH T b K a K c y 6 i> e K T, T a K h o ß i e K T .a e ifc TBH a : ch cg a d m a o s i l i o ‘;io 6 p a B u iH C b
a o M e c Ta ’; pechada a p o r ta *3 3 K p b iB / iB c p h ’1.
r ; i A r o jiM ii.il
T j i a i O JIb H bIC
cjiea o B a n w ;
m o >kho
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l i c p n < j ) p t l 1l.t
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I IIJIIK'ltlll' MPI l>
I
h m iio c iih iu c iiii m o iio i pm |iH H
HaÜTH
pa6oTbi
i io j iiim M n r p c H c n i .
H B jiH crcM
io ,
i' m
'im
ncpii(|>pa
w a
n
M 11.1Ka
l’o x o
i it
hx
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JIOBOJIbHO XOpOLLIO
| R o jo
HC-
1 9 7 4 a ], b K O T o p o fi
cjjyHKUHH.
ii f i o j i M i m i i c T B e c n y n a e B
H eôcTaTKOM
He
B b ia e jia io T C H
n e T K o j i e K C H K O - c e M a H T H h c c Kilt* i p y m n . i u i a i o j i o B , M o r y i u n x ( J w r y p H p o B a T b
B
c o c T a ß e to h h jih
xceHHH
M eH H b lX
O
94
HHott
n c p n ( J ) p a ti.i, h n e a a e T c a n o n H a a n a p a j H T M a c n p a -
B c n o M o ra T ejib H o ro
(J)O pM aX
())o p M a x
CO
BCeMH
u ia io jia
ho
Bcex
B()3 M 0 )K H b lM H
Ha - n t e b r a .iH c n fic K O M
cm
B 0 3M 0>K H b ix
3<J)<j)eK Ta MH
[ B a c H .ib e B a - L U B e je
M oaau bH o-B pe-
C M b IC .n a ,
1 9 6 6 . 3 3 . 3 4 ],
B03HHK3-
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(C a s te la o ,
371)
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(JieKTa, Ha n e p B b iii ru ia H B b ic T y n a e T a c n e K Ty a jib H o e 3HaneHHe /jy p a TH B H O C TH :
E c o m o ile s an diveron a r if a r s o b re de q u e n t in a q u e i r 6 p o b o p o lo a n o . . . ( F o lk
lo r e , 6 2 ) ‘ H
T a K K a K o h h a o j ir o c n o p n jik o t o m , KOMy h a t h b A e p e B H io 3a
ß a p a u iK O M ...’
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en
+
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ncpH(J)pa3a H M e e T a c n e K Ty a jib H o e
3HaneH He H H rp e c c H B iio c i m : . . . o (.un ilcu en c o r r e r a rr ib a e a b a ix o p o la c ro a
( F o lk lo r e ,
65)
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iiift c n u ia
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no
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un
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v e d ra io de fe rm o s a b a rb a , c dtwsc en a b ra za r c o n m i a m o ( C u n q u e ir o , 7 5 )
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6 b IJl A p eBHHÄ C Ta p H K
C KpaCHBOH 6 0 p 0 f l 0 H ; OH H a n a jl OÖHHM aTb
M o e ro x o 3 H H H a ’. riepH(J>pa>u m o * c t TaKace o 6 o 3 H a H a Tb Hana.no H e n p o H 3 BOJlbHOTO AeÖCTBHH HJIH COCTOHIIHH, IipH 3 T 0 M
y nOTpeÖJIHeTCH 6e3JIHHHaH
K O H C Tp y K U H », b K O T o p o fi c y 6 i.c K r Bbipa>KaeTCfl K o c Be H H O o 6i>e K TH O H <J>op-
m o h M ecT O H M eH H « h j ih c y m e c T B H T e jib H b iM c n p c j u i o i o M a : d c u l l e c n d o e - l a
b a r r ig a
‘y
H ero
3a 6 o j i e j i
h c h b o t’ [S a n ta m a r in a
1974b ,
148],
r ic p H (j) p a 3a
H M eeT c T p y K T y p H b ie B a p n a H T b i c n p e A J io r a M H a , d e , p o r .
D e b e r (d e ) + i n f i n i t i v o . H e3aBHCHMO o t hbjihhhm hjih orcyTCTbh» npefljiora coneTaHHe r j i a r o j i a deber c hhcJjhhhthbom moucci oßoiHaHaTb KaK AOJDKeHCTBOBaHHe, 0 6 yCJ1 0 BJieHH0 e BHyTpCHHHMH lloRyMCJlCIIHHMH:
debo (de) axudarte
aojdkch noMonb Te6e’, Os vellos non <leben Je namorarse ‘ C T a p H K a M BjiioßjiHTbCH He n o j i o * e H o ’ (Ha3BaHHC nonyjiNpiioA n becbi
A. KacTejiao), TaK h rnnoTeTHMHocTb: deben (de) estar na curu porque estÄ
todo aberto ‘ Ohh aojdkhm 6 biTb aoMa, n0T0 My mto bcc OTKpwTo;...pcro
eso quere decir que E liasdebeufacer algo gordo 6non?(Casares,45V...iio m>
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HeM BO BTOpOM.
Deixar(se)
de
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3H aneH H e TepM H H aTH B H O CTH , o 6 o 3H aM aa n p e K p a u je H H e A J iH T e jib H d l’ö a c B c i bhh:
deixou d e s o r r i r ‘ oh nepecTaji y j i b i ö a T b c a ’; o c a n d e i x ö u d e o u b c u i
nepecTaJia B b iT b ’.
‘c o 6aK a
E star
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h j ih H M n e p 4»eK Ta, n e p H (})p a 3a o 6 o 3H a n a e T achctbhc ,
KOTopoe npoHjoflAci
caMOM 6 jiH )K a H u ie M 6yAymeM ( H e n o c p e A C T B e H H o e c u e A O B a H H e ): e s t A n a
c h e g a r ‘ ohh bot -bot n p H A y T ’; a c o n v e r s a e s t a b a p r a r e m a t a r ‘ p a 3r o B o p
n 0 A X 0 AHJi k KOHuy’. E c j i h e s t a r H a x o A H T c a b nep<|>eKTHoii (JiopM e, nepH b
4>pa3a o 6 o 3H aM aeT A e fic T B H e , K O T o p o e e A ß a He npoH 3ouiJio: c ä s e q u e e s t i v e n
He p a c n j i a K a j i c a ’.
+ i n f i n i t i v o . B (jjo p M e n p e 3e H c a hjih H M iiep cjje K T a 3T a n e p H 4>pa3a , K a K h chhohhmhhh3h e ft e s t a r + x e r u n d i o , o 6 o 3H aM aeT a K T y a jib H o e ,
n p o H c x o A a m e e b onncbiBaeMbiH momcht A e ü c T B H e hjih c o c T o » H H e : ...q u e
m e esta a doer o c a r r o l o q u e n in o p o d o m o v e r ( E s m o r g a , 4 2 ) ‘ . . . y m c h h T a K
6ojiht 3arpHBOK, hto A a a c e He Mory n o u ie B e jiH T b rojioBofi’;Onte estdbamos a
cear e d e a r r e b a t o a m i f la m u l l e r r o m p e a c a r p i r ( C a s t e l a o , 286) ‘ B H e p a M bi
CHAeJiH 3a yjKH H O M , K a K B A p y r moh w e H a H aH H H aeT n j i a K a T b ’ . B nep<j>eKTH ofi
(J)opM e n e p H ( j)p a 3a HMeeT acn eK T ya jibH oe 3HaneHHe A ypaTH B H O C T H : estiveron
a fa la r t o d a a n o i t e ‘ ohh nporoBopHJiH Becb B e n e p ’.
H a b e r (d e ) + i n f i n i t i v o . 3Ta, no»cajiyH, o A H a H3 c a M b ix ynoTpeönT e jib H b ix n ep H (j)p a 3 rajiHCHHCKoro H3biKa npHBJieKaeT oeoöoe BHHMaHHe
HccjieAOBaTejieii H3-3a He KOTopofi AH(t»J>y3H0CTH cBoero 3HaneHHH. IlepH4>pa3a MO*eT HMeTb hhcto BpeMeHHÖe 3HaneHHe, BbicTynaa chhohhmom
(J>yrypyMa, ecjiH haber HaxoAHTCH b (jjopMe npe3eHca, h chhohhmom
6yAymero b n p o m e A iu e M , e c jiH haber ynoTpeßjmeTCH b ( J > o p M e H M n e p (J)eKTa: Hasme (de) contar eso outro dia 'Tbi MHe paccKaweuib 06 3TOM
b Apyrott pa i’; D ixo que habla (de) voltar cedo ‘ Oh CKa3aji, mto RcpiicrcM
p a H o ’; Eu cando medre tarnen hei de andar en tren (Dieste, 55) 'Kor/in m
BbipacTy, h io)kc iu>e/iy Ha noe3Ae’. B HeK0T0pbix kohtckctbx HafijikmuricH
OTeyTeTBHe RiuHMo U1MCMHCMOCTH <J>opM hei (de) cantar h cantur6i; iianpHMcp,
noejie xa boimonoiii iojii.ko (fiopMa cantarei: xa cho durfi dispiSi.s ‘ h yw
n0T0M Te6e ero jihm’; xit vcr/is ‘ hot yBHAHUib' [Santamarinu 1974b, 1411.
pra c h o r a r ‘ a n y T b
E star
a
M acTO
Ha
H oe
3H aneH H e
B p cM cm u \e
' i ii u m c i i h c
o ß jiH iir r o p iio c in :
fiy A y m H O C T H
h a sm e (d e )
traer
H a K jia jii.n m c ic «
u qu rl
lib r o
m o a u j i i >-
‘ ii p H i i c c c m i .
Ueshabian de traguer un a n o b ra n c o
MHe 3 Ty K H H ry’ ; ...p u x o d e c o n d i c i ö n q u e
de
to d o
(F o lk lo r e ,
62)
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n ocraB H Ji
y c jio B H e M ,
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ohh
n p H H ecyT
6 e j i o r o \ Ilp H OTcyTCTBHH aocTaTO H H O o n p e a e n e H H o r o KOHTeKCTa nacTO 6 biB aeT T p y flH o o n p e a e jiH T b , H M eeT jih nepH <j)pa3a
e M y ö a p a u iK a , c o ß c e M
h h cto
BpeM eH H Ö e 3HaneHHe
HajiHHHe
n p e ju io r a d e
h jih
M O /iajibH O-BpeM eH H Ö e. O T cyT C T B H e
x a p a K T e p H o ;ijih
oöohx
h jih
3Ha*ieHHfi n ep H (})p a3 b i; n o
H aß jn ofleH H H M X . M a f i e p a , (JjopM a c d e n p e o Ö J ia a a e r [ M e i e r 1974, 10— 13].
3HaneHHe rniiOTeTHHHOCTH ( F u t u r o h i p o t e t i c o ) nepH(J)pa3a HM eeT TOJlbKO
b <J)opMe 6 e3 n p e f ljio r a : h a n s e r as d e/ ‘ c c ttq a c , iia B e p iio c , jiecH T b H a c o ß ’
[R o jo
1974a,
(J)opM
no
165].
A.
C aH TaM apH H a
u ix a jic "y B c p e n n o c T b
q u e s e -la s d ü a s
d eh en s6-las
h an s£-la s d ü a s
1974b,
143].
ycTan aB J iH B acT
cjie/ iy io m H H
— iie y B c p e m io c T b ” : s o n as d ü a s —
TaK H M
o ß p a io M ,
düas
h an
pa/i
te n e n
serä n a s d ü a s
sfc-las d ü a s
B b ip a w a e T
6 Ö J ib in y io CTeneHb y B e p e iu io c T H , hcm serä n as d ü a s .
B nep<j>eKTHoö <})opM e nepH <j)pa3a h a b e r d e + i n f i n i t i v o ( b 3 t o m
npeanor
O T eyT e T B y eT
p e / jK o )
3 H a n e H H e , o 6 o 3 H a n a » jie ö c T B H e ,
H M ee r
/ ip y r o e
3HaneHHH
a cn eK T yajib H O -B p eM eH H Ö e
K O T o p o e ejiB a He cßep iU H Jiocb :
Houbemos
de caer p o r a q u e l b u r a t o ‘ M b i e jiß a
He CBajiHJiHCb b 3 Ty HM y’. 3 T a x a p a ic -
T epH aa
K O H C Tpykuh a
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ra jiH C H fic ic o ro
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n p oH H K jia
h
b
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HajibHbiH B a p n aH T KacTHJibc K o r o H3biKa.
IIe p H (J )p a 3a h a b e r ( d e )
+ in fin it iv o
H CKjnoH aeTcfc b ( f o p M a x 4 >yTypyM a
H KOH"bK)HKTHBa.
H ab er
que
oöo3 H aH aeT
M oaceT
que
+
infinitivo.
ITepH (J)pa3a aHaJiorHMHa H c n a H C K o ii h
H eon p ejjejreH H O -jiH H H yK )
6 biTb
jiio ö o h
b
t r a b a lla r
fo r te
BpeM eHHÖH
‘ H aßo
0 6 jiH r a T 0 p H 0 CTb.
(})o p M e ,
re p y H flH H ,
p a 6 o T a T b ’; h a b ia
H an p aw eH H O
T jia r o ji
h aber
h h ^ h h h th b c :
que
irs e
hai
‘ H a flo
6 biJio y x o A H T b ’. B n ep ifeK T H O H (JjopM e con eT a eT C H c o 3HaneHHeM nep<J>eict h b h o c t h : Houbo que sacar o g a n d o d a s c o r t e s e levar p r o f a i a d o as
c o u s a s d e m ä is v a lim e n t o ‘ n p H iu jio c b BbiBecTH c k o t c o A B o p a h n ep eH ecT H
Ha n e p a a K H a n ö o jie e ueH H bie B e m n ’ [ R o j o
Ir
(a )
pa3H ooöpa3H bi
in fin it iv o .
1 97 4a, 1 59 ].
+ i n f i n i t i v o . M o A a J ib H O -B p eM eH H b ie (J>yHKUHH 3 t o B n ep H (})p a3 b i
h
n e p e c e ic a io T c a
nepH <j>pa 3a
M O w eT
c
(JjyHKUHHMH
H M eTb
nepH<j>pa 3bi h a b e r
(d e ) +
3HaHeHHe, o 6 o 3H an a 5i
BpeM eH H Ö e
6 y a y m e e ae n cT B H e , n a m e 6 jiH 3 K o e k M O M eH Ty p en n : v a i c h o v e r ‘ a o w a b
c o 6 n paeT C H ’ ; A g o r a e u vou contarvos u n h a c o u s a (C o u s a s , 7 5 ) 'C e B n a c »
BaM
K o e -H T o
p accK aacy’; O
bon
do
h om e saeöu
p e d r a ; p e r o e s ta , en v e/ d e a g r a d e c e r llo , d l x o l l c
HejIOBeK
Bbl'IBOJIHJI
3 MC IO
H I-IIOJl
KUMIIH,
a c ob rn
(1 O ll» ,
n o 6 jia r o fla p H T b e r o , c K a i a j ia , m to c i . c c i e r o ’ | M e i e r
ecjiH c y 6 i.eK T O M
jiettcTBHH
h iijim c ic n
jih h o ,
de d e b a ix o d a
q u e Ihn t o m e l o * A o 6 pbtH
IIMCCTO
TO I'O
1975, 4 4 ],
HTo 6 bl
B nponeM ,
fii.im ie r u e jie r ic o o n p e jje jiH T b ,
H M eeT jih nepH ()>pa3a h h c t o <J>y r y p u ju .iio e iiu im ch h c h jih 3aKJiK)HaeT b c e ß e
T a K w e o t t c h o k H aM epeiiH H .
H M nep(J)eK TH aH
(JiopM e Ha -r ia
$opM a
b ijjyHKUHH
(JiyHKUHio b a n o ^ o c H c e
+ i n f i n i t i v o , O K a 3aBiUHCb c h h o h h m h h h o h
6 y a y m e r o b n p o u ie ^ u ie M , n e p e H a jia T a K w e ee
ib a
y c n o B H o r o n e p n o fla : S e a v e l l a n o n t iv e s e r e u m a ,
iba a ter p e n a ? ( R e f r ä n s , 2 2 2 ) ‘ E cjih 6 bi y c T a p y x n He 6 b ijio peB M aTH 3M a, Ha h t o 6 bi OHa » a j i o B a j i a c b ? ’
E o j ie e n acT b iM h b u h c t c h y n o T p e 6 neH H e n ep H ())p a 3 b i 6e3 n p e ju io r a a,
x o t h Ha n a cT O T y e r o y n o T p e 6 jieHHH, n o-B H flH M O M y, b j i h » c t CTeneHb Kac6 de qu e
98
THJiH3auHH; n p n AHCTaHTHOM p a c n o jio w e H H H n a c T e fi n e p m jip a ib i n p e / u io r
n r p a e T c B » 3 y io m y K ) p o jib .
Poflerse/porse/aponferse
a
+
Ile p H (J )p a 3a HM eeT
infinitivo.
H H rp eccH B H oe 3HaneHHe 6 e3 O TTeH Ka h h t c h c h b h o c t h , n p n c y m c r o HHor/ia
n e p n ({ip a 3 e b o t a r s e
h o c o 6 c h h o e e CHHOHHMaM: p ü x e n m e a
a + in fin it iv o
e s c r ib ir ‘ a H anaji nHcaTb’, p u x e r o n s e a f a l a r d o s seu s f i l l o s ‘ o h h 3 a ro B o p n jiH
O CBOHX fleT H X ’ .
Quedarse
bhh
h jih
a
+
Ile p H < {)p a 3a o 6 o 3H an a eT Hana.no /icH ct-
infinitivo.
c o c to h h h h :
qu ed arse
a
d o r m ir
*3 a cH yT b ’, q u e d a r s e
‘ H anaTb c jiy iu a T b ’ h y n o T p e Ö J ia e T c a b o c h o b h o m
c r jia r o n a M H
a
e s c o it a r
nyBCTBCH-
H o r o B o e n p n a T H fl h c o c T o a H H a .
S e r
a
+
in f in it iv o .
o6o3Hanaa
HTepaTHBHoe
M ecTO H M eH H eM
tod os:
son a decirme
Todos
to d o s
que n o n
n e r o He c j i y H H T c a ’ [ R o j o
Ser
d e/ p ra
+
IIe p H < } ) p a 3 a H M e e T o r p a H H n e H H o e y n o T p e ß n e u H e ,
jj e iic T B H e ,
npnneM
son a preguntar
c y ö ie K T
h a b e r ä n o v e d a d e ‘ B c e MHe
1974a, 119
infinitivo.
B b ip a w c ii
roBopaT, hto iih -
1 2 0 ].
IIe p H (])p a 3 a n peß C T aB JiaeT c o 6 o fi
H y io k o H C T p y k u h k ) c o 3HaneHHeM AOjiweH CTBO BaH H a:
6 c jjih h -
£. de tem ere stes b ic h o s
6 o a T b c a 3 t h x H a c e K O M b ix ’ . E c jih n epH <j)pa3a h a b e r q u e + in fin i
‘ C jie ,a y e T
t iv o
o6m hho
‘B c e TOJlbKO h c n p a u i H B a K v r ’;
n peAC TaB JiaeT c o ö o i i H e o n p e fle jie H H o -jiH H H y io
K O H C T p y K iw io (n p n ec
y n o T p e ö jie H H H m o jk c t n o flp a 3 y M e ß a T b c a k oh K p eT H b iH c y 6 i>eKT a e ftc T B H a ),
to
6 e 3JiHHHocTb AaHHOH nepH <j)pa3bi a 6 c o jiio T H a . B npH B eêH H O M npH M epe
n o fljie w a m e e
oTC yTC TB yeT, e s te s b ic h o s
3aH H M aeT no3HUHK> n p a M o r o n o -
npH K O T o p o fi o 6 i»eK T
3aH H M aeT n o 3H UH io n o A J ie w a m e r o : e s te s b ic h o s son de temer,
cp. TaKHce: A m o r d e s o ld a d o n o n e de ß a r (R e fr ä n s , 3 5 ) ‘ C o jiA a T C k o ö j i k ) 6 n o jiH eH H a ;
B03M0>KHa n accH B H aa
TpaH c<}>opM auH a,
AeficTBHH
BH B e p H T b H e jlb 3 » ’ .
Ter.de/que
M O flajibHOCTb
‘ MHe
H a flo
+ i n f i n i t i v o . Ilep B H H H a fl 4>yHKi;HH
qojiHceHCTBOBaHHa:
de/que
3T o ii nepH (J)pa 3bi —
e s c r ib ir lle
6 p a T y ’. B o b t o p h h h o h cjjyHKqHH
H anncaTb
p e 6 jia e T c a a j i b
Ten o
a
m eu
n e p H < })p a 3 a
irm d n
ynoT-
o6o3 H aH eH H a b w c o k o h CTeneHH y B e p e H H o c r a r o B o p a m e r o
b fl 0 CT0 B epH 0 CTH c o o 6 m a e M o r o h m <j>aKTa: T e n e n q u e s e r as d ü a s ‘ C e fin a c ,
jio jd k h o ö b iT b , flB a n a c a ’.
V ir
(a )
+
infinitivo.
nep<})eKTHBH 0CTH
Ile p H 4 )p a 3 a H M eeT a c n e K T y a jib H o e 3HaneHHe
0TTeH K 0 M fljiH TejibH O CTH n p o u e c c a , n p H B e A iu e ro k
p e 3 y jib T a T y : I e is i veuse saber q u e e r a u n h o m e - l o b o a q u e la t e m id a b es ta
(C u n q u e ir o , 6 4 ); ‘ T a K b o t h y 3H ajiH , h t o s t o t C T pa u iH b ifi 3Bepb 6 w ji
o 6 o p o T H e M ’ ; Vineron dar a q u i s in s a b e r c 6 m o ‘ O h h 3 a 6 p e jiH ciOAa, cs m h
iic m a a
V ir
c
KaK ’ [ R o j o
de
1974a, 153; S a n t a m a r in a 1 9 7 4b , 148].
+ infinitivo.
IIepH<l>pa 3a HMeeT acneK TyajibH O -B pcM cim öe
iiitiMrimc, cocah hhh b ce6e npH3HaKH nep<j>eKTHBHOCTH h HenocpcACTBeni k i i o iip c A n ie c i nonaHHa: A q u e l h o m e ven de c h e g a r ‘ 3 t o t h c j io b c k T o jib K o
Mio ii p i i m m '
M u m ir iii.iii.iH
V ifla de sair da casa ‘ O
i iinroji
h
T ojib K o h t o Bbiiue;i
b
<|iopMe
hi
; i » m h '. B cn o-
n p e ic iie ii
h
HMiiep-
f|ir k l n
V n 11 h i/ v u 1 v r i
(ii)
'
i nfinitivo.
n ep M (J)pa »n mmcci a c n e K T y a jib -
volvln <i vclos d ia n te d e
M ) 'lituiMiir h h x iih K o r ^ a hc b h / ic ji’ ; Y clu volvia a porfiar
( l 'n l k l i i i c , S I ) ' A oiiN i'iio k h iip iiiiiiM a jia c b 3a c n o e '.
ikip
tiiHMdiMC i i o m o p i i o i (> a c H c tb h h : E n d e x a m ö in
Itllll (('im inhiii
99
n ep n (|)pa3 c h h i Jj h h h t h b o m
P a c cM O T p e H H e
Ha
oÖHJine
hx
(H M e e T c a
em e
paa
M eH ee
n o K a 3 b iB a e T , h to H ecM O Tp a
nepn<j)pa3,
y n o T p e Ö H T e jib H b ix
CBefleHHH O KOTOpblX MOXCHO HaÖTH B B b lllieyn O M H H yT blX HCCJieflOBaHHaX
r. P o x o h A . C a H T a M a p H H b i) K p yr B b ipa acaeM b ix
HeBejiHK:
sto
b
h m h 3HaneHHH AOBOJibHO
BpeMeHHbie 3H aneH H a <J)yTypajibHocTH, H eno-
o ch o bh o m
c p e a c T B e H H o r o n peaiu ecT B O B aH H H h c jie a o B a H H a , a K T y a jib H o c T H ; a c n e K T y a jib H b ie
3HaneHHa
H H rp eccH B U o cT H ,
TepMHHaTHBHOCTH,
nep(J)eKTHBHOCTH
H M O fla jIb H b ie 3H3HeHHa aOJUKCHCTBOBaHHa H rimOTeTHHHOCTH.
nepeHHCjieiiHbie n p n i n a
M H o ra e
n e p n i^ p a s ,
no
M o ryT BbipawaTbCH h 6 e 3 n 0 M 0 U { H
kh
KOTOpbie la n a c T y io oK aib in am rcH iKcnpeccHBHO OTMeneHHbiMH
c p ä B H e H H io
c
npocTbiM H 4>opMaMH u ia io jia . O c o ß e H H o 3 a M e T H a
KypeHUHM n p o c T b i x
ij j y T y p a n b H O C T H
nepwcJipacTHHecKHx
h
(J>opM
b
oßnacTH
koh -
B b ip a w e H H a
h ih i i o t c t h h iio c t h : e s c r i b i r f c i / h e i ( d e ) e s c r i b i r / v o u e S c r i b i r ;
s e r ä n / h a n s e r a s dez.
IIE P H < D P A 3 b I
A n da r
+ xerundio.
C
T E P y H flH E M
- e jib H a a nepH<j)pa 3a a n d a r +
llln p o K o yn o T p eß
x e r u n d io , KaK h CHHOHHMHHHaa e fi a n d a r a + i n f i n i t i v o , o 6 o 3 H a n a e T a K T y
a jib H o e ,
3 to m
t.
e.
c o B e p ilia io u ie e c a
n o fln e p K H B a e T c a
TopaeM oeTb
b o rm c b iB a e M b ifl
a K T H B H o cT b
fleftcTB H a,
n osTO M y
c y 6 i.e K T a
b
o 6 o 3H aH aK>m ne
s to h
m o m c h t a e ficT B H e ,
h a J iH T e jib H o c T b
nepH <{»pa3e
npH
h jih
noB-
yn o T p e Ö H T e jib H M
Andabart u n h a s
gardando as o v e l l a s ( F o l k l o r e , 5 7 ) ‘ K a K - T o n a c jin aeBOHKH O B eu’;
Andaba e la gavexando p o la c a s a a d ia n t e ( P r o s a g a le g a , 145) ‘ O H a x j i o T o jib K o
rjra ro jT b i,
aK TH B H oe
aew cT B H e:
ra p a za s
n o T a jia n o a o M y ’ .
Estar
+
x e r u n d i o. K a K h b HenaHeKOM «3 biK e, 3TO OAHa H3 ca M bix
ynoTpeÖ H TejibH bix
nepH i})pa3.
T o jib K o
b
nep(J>eKTHoft $ o p M e
eft m o jk h o
n o ite estivera xeando, e a la m a e s ta b a d u r a n o s sulco s d a s r o d a s (E s m o r g a , 18) ‘ B cio
npH nw caTb
HOHb
O
ac n eK T yajib H o e
6 biji
hom e,
M opo3,
que
h
3HaneHHe
rp a 3 b ,
aypaTHBHOcTH:
pa3M eiu aH H aa
Toda
KOJiecaMH
a
T ejier,
3acTbiJia’;
estivo ollando m e d io p a r v o m e n tra s q u e ela fa lö u , r e p -
rico u lle... ( P r o s a g a le g a , 1 7 5 ) ‘ H ejio B eK , K O T o p u fi c rjiyn biM b h a o m c m o t pen Ha Hee, n o K a OHa r o B o p n jia , o t b c t h j i e fi...’
E c jih
ace
B c n o M o r a T e jib H b ifi
r jia r o ji
B b ic T y n a e T
b a p y ro fi
BpeMeHHOH
<})opM e (n a m e B c e r o b n p e 3 e H c e h n M iic p < j)c k t c ), t o iih k b k o t o n o c T o a H H o r o
a c n e K T y a jib n o r o u p n iH a K a ,
(j)o p M b i
r jia r o jia ,
B i.ia c jm ib
K o r o p w f l o tjih h b ji 6bi n c p H ifip a iy o t n p o c T o fi
iicjii.ih
IlcpH (J)pa»u
o6o3H an aeT
a K T y a jib H o e
flen cT B H e, t . e. aettcT B H e, n p o H c x o a a iu e c b oim cbiB aeM bifi m o m ch t; o e r o
fljiH TejibH O C TH
caM a
nepn({>pa'ia
agardando a u n m o z o p u r o , te n ro
cocTO H H H e
oacHflaeT nejioB eK a
iih h c io
hc
c o o 6 m a eT :
Estes ben s
estan
e fo rte a o m e s m o te m p o (T e a t r o , 8 5 ) ‘ 3 t o
h c c t h o i o , c H e »H b iM
cepau eM
h b to
*e
estaba batendo n o leite f o r o n c h a m a la u ns f o rasteiro s (F o lk lo r e , 5 2 ) ‘ K o r a a OHa c6H Bajia M a c jio , e e n o 3BajiH K aK H e-T o
n p H e 3)KHe’ ; E a g o r a d e e ä t o m e d e q u e ti, s o f r i d o le c to r, estardste decinBpeM a
c H jib H o r o ’; C a n d o
d o .. .( P r o s a
T ejib ,
h to
g a le g a ,
Tbi,
c o r jia c H T b c a
100
c
336)
a o n )K H o
tcm h
‘A
Ten epb
a
a o r a a b iB a io c b ,
T ep n ejiH B b ifi
HHTa-
6 b iT b , r o B o p H iu b n p o c e 6 a ...’ Il0 3 T 0 M y H ejib3 a
H c c jie a o B a T e n a M H ,
K O TO pbie C H H TaioT, h t o
<|)opMbi
c an ta/ estä
c a n ta n d o
npoTH B onocTaB jieH bi n o npH3HaKy hhjihhhh/OTcyT-
c tb h h fljiH TejibH ocTH . E cjih <|>opMa can ta MO)KeT B bicTym m . KaK
jiH 3 H p yiom efi,
TaK
esta
o6o3H anaeT
c a n ta n d o
aeficTBHe.
HOCTH:
h
b
reH ep ajiH 3 H p yiom efl
nepBHHHoft
b
pa3JiHHaTb n o
C jie a y e T
(J)ynKHHH,
4>ymcuHH
K paÜ H eft
M cpc
to
t o jii.k o
b
aK Tya-
nepH(J)pa3a
aK TyajibH oe
flBe cicm ciih aK Tyajib-
1) AeHCTBHe npOHCXOflHT B MOMCHT peHH HJIH It OIIHCblBaeMblfl
MOMeHT b n p o iu n o M (H H orfla b S y fly m e M ): estä fu m a n d o , cNloba fu m a n d o
'o h KypHT, o h KypHJi’; 2) fleficTBHe xapairrepH O nna cyfthCKiu b o n p e^ ejieHHbiH 0Tpe30K BpeMeHH, h o He o6 »3aTejib H O b onHCbinncMhitt m om cht:
estä, estab a e s tu d ia n d o in gles ‘ o h yHHT, yHHJi aHrjiHflcKHfl'. y n o T p e 6 jie HHe » e nepn4)pa3bi b reH ep ajiH 3 yiom eH tjjyHKUHH h ck jik jh h ctch , AeficTBHe
KaK xapaK T ep H b iä npH3H3K c y ß ie K T a n ep eflaeTca p p o c T o fl <J>opMofi: el
fu m a
m o ito
‘ oh
m h o to
BbicKa3biBaHHflx
c
KypHT’. T o jib K o b 3M0UH0HajibH0 OKpauieHHbix
HapenneM
s e m p re
‘ b ch h o’
c
n o M o u tb io
nepn<j)pa3bi
c y 6 i.eK T y npnnHCbiBaeTCH xa paK TepH bifl a jih H ero npH3HaK-flcficTBHe: Estä
sem pre fa c e n d o trasn ad as ‘Ö h bchho ycTpaHBaeT KaKHe-HHßyflb n p oaejiK H ’,
HTO MOHCHO H C T O J lK O B a fb "TCäK *B J1K)6 oH
MOMCHT B p e M e H H
Bbl
MOHCCTe
3acTaTb e r o 3a KaKOH-HHÖyflb n p o A e jiK o fi’.
Ir
+
xerundio.
3Ta
nepH(J>pa3a HMeeT acn eK T yajibH oe 3HaneHHe
nocTeneH H o pa3BH B aK)m eroca ^ c h c tb h h ; b nep4>eKTHoft (J>opMe (b o tjih h h c
o t estar + x e r u n d io ) o6o3HanaeTCfl T a K * e p e3yjib T aT fleHCTBHa:...xa m e
v o u d e p r o c a ta n d o qu e v o s te d e n o n e d e iq u i (E s m o rg a , 2 1 ) ‘ ...a y * e flo ra A b i-
Baiocb, h t o Bbi He 3fleniHHH’; N a fo n te f o i enchendose a caldeira da m oza, e x a
fa i m o ito qu e a iau g a rev e rte (C a s te la o , 274) ‘ K o t c j i o k .qeByuiKH H anojihhjich B oflofi H3 HCTO H H H Ka, h o H a ynce flaBHo nepejiH BaeTca nepe3 Kpaft*.
Levar
+
x e r u n d i o . IIepH <j)pa 3a HMeeT acn eK T yajibH oe 3HaneHHe
KyMyjiÄTHBHÖcTH, o6o3H anaa
fljiH Tejib H oe aeöcTB H e, HanaBiiieeca b
n p ö tu jioM h o 6 w h h o npo,zioji)K aiom eeca
b
onncbiBaeM bifi m om ch t; b 3acBH-
fleTejibCTBOBaHHbix n p H M e p a x y n o T p e 6 jiaioTcaHenep<})eKTHBHbie rjia ro jib i:
le v a b a n a g a r d a n d o unha h o ra ‘ o h h acâjin y * e nac’; L Q u e n sabe can tos an os
e can tos secu los le v a s r o la n d o p o lo m u n d o , v e llo c a r r o d os n osos an tergos?
(C u e v illa s , 4 0 ) ‘ K t o
3HaeT, CKOJibKO JieT, cKOjibKO b ckob t u
KaTHiiibca
no 3eMJie, CTapaa n0B03Ka HauiHX npeAKOB?’
Q u e d a r ( s e ) + x e r u n d i o . IIepH<l>pa3a HMeeT HHrpeccHBHoe 3HaneHHe
h
ynoTpeßjiaeTCH
b och obhom
c rjia ro jia M H
HyBCTBeHHoro BocnpHBTHa
h jih BHyTpeHHero c o c to h h h h : O P e g a q u e d o u s e e s c o ita n d o , sen o lla r p ra il
(E s m o rg a , 66 ) ‘ C o p o K a CTaji c jiy m a T b , He m sia« Ha H e ro ’;...el v o ltö u a
cab eza e q u e d ö u \ m ira n d o p o r ü lte m a v e z a a q u ela m u ller, qu e h o u b era fe ito
a d ich a da süa v id a (P r o s a g a le g a ,
179) ‘ ...o h noB epH yji r o jio B y h
b
n o-
cjieflHHfi pa3 nocM O Tpen Ha »e H iu H H y , K0 T 0 paa M o r jia 6 w cocTaBHTb e r o
cnacTbe’.
V ir
+
xerundio.
IIepH(}>pa 3a HMeeT acn eK T yajibH oe 3HaneHHe no-
C T C iic iiiio
pa3BH B aioii;erocn fle ftc T B H H , h o b o tjih h h c o t ; n e p H ^ p a s u i > +
x e ru n d io
n nett HajiHHecTByeT npH3HaK KyMyjiaTHBHOCTH, TaK kbk yKana cymecTBOBaHHe n p e jb ifly m e r o jy iH T ejibHoro 3Tana pa3BH-
ibiBnercR
t h * jicD cth h ii: Hu xii o vifla ouvindo d e n d e ra p a z (Esm o rg a , 38) ‘ fl 06 s to m
iiilCJihiiiiHJiCN yme c nc rc rna’; F.scribino, c o m o veHo falando desde h a y'coren ta
iin o N
' H iinimcHJi
o f l t i iim i uk, k »k r o B o p i o y * e
copoic JiCT’ [ R
o j o 1974a, 111].
101
KaK
m ohcho
c y f lH T b
H3 n p H B e A e H H o r o M a T e p w a jia , H eM H o ro H H C J ieH H b ie
n e p H (J )p a 3 b i c r e p y H A H e M
H o ro
n ocT en eH H O
h jih
3 to m
B p e M e H H b ie
h
c jiy w a T
b ochobhom
p a 3 B e p T b iB a io m e r o c H
a c n e K T y a jib H b ie
a jih
bo
o6 o3 H a n eH H H a K T y a jib -
B peM eH H
npH 3H aKH
A e ft c T B H « ;
H axoAH TC H
b
npn
c jio h c h o m
B3aHMOAeÖCTBHH.
IIE P H < D P A 3 b I
A n d a r
+
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b
participio.
C
nPH H ACTH EM
r j i a r o j i a a n d a r b c b h 30 h h o ö
y iiO T p e ß jie iiH e
n p o T H B o n o jio w H o e T b
c s ta r
npH A aeT
K oncTpykuhh
3HaneHHe
a K T H B H o ro npoHBJieHHH iip n in a Ka cyÖTiCKTOM: a n d a n a m o r a d o ‘ o h B jiioÖ JieH ’,
a n d a a lp o r i/ .a d o ‘ o h b p a iA p a w e H H H ’ .
D ar
T ejib H o tt
+
participio.
4>opMC
h
ü e p H ^ p a ia
o6o3 H 8H aeT
o 6 u h h o y n o T p e 6 jiHeTCH b o T p H u a -
O TeyTeTB H e
AocTH w eH H H
p e 3 y jib T a T a
no
npHHHHe K a k h x - jih 6 o n o M e x : N o n d o u f e i t o e s te t r a b a llo ‘ H n K a K He M o r y
3aKOHMHTb 3 Ty p a 6 o T y ’ ; H o x e n o n d o u c h e g a d o a L u g o ‘ C e ro A H H MHe He
AoöpaTbC H
ao
B o n p o c e :...
a
tu
J l y r o ’.
ver
se
P eA K O
das
ynoTpeÖJiHeTCH
b e b id o
e ste
v iflo
BbinHTb 3 t o b h h o ’ [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o
ra jiK C H Ö C K o ro
H3biKa
K O H C Tpykuh h
b
npHM OM
h jih
k ocb ch h om
‘ ...n o c M O T p H M , c M o * e u i b
jih
1966, 2 3 5 ], 3 T a x a p a K T e p H a n a j i »
n p n c y T C T B y eT
h b n en aH eK O M H3biKe
TajiHCHH [ R o j o 1974a, 1 33 ].
Estar
+
participio.
b o n n c b iB a e M b iH
AeH C TB H H
HJIH
m o m c h t,
npou ecca.
IlepH<j)pa3a o6o3HaHaeT c o c t o h h h c c y ö te K T a
KO Topoe
h b jih c t c h
p e 3 y jib T a T O M
n p eA M A ym ero
ß jIH T ejlb H O C T b HJIH n p eX O A H IA H O C T b c o c t o h h h h
HBJIHeTCH KOHTeKCTyajIbHO OÖyC JIO B JieH H blM CMbICJIOBbIM 3<j><])eKTOM H 3 H a -
neHHeM c a M o fi KOHCTpy k u h h He HBJiaeTca, KaK h b cjiyn ae c K O H C TpyK itfjefi
e s t a r + a d x e t i v o : e stä m e d r a d o ‘ o h
o
1c a m if io
n o A p o c ’,
e s tä c a n s a d o
‘ o h y c T a n ’;
estä cu b e rto d e n e v e ‘ A o p o r a 3 aM eT eH a c h c t o m ’ ; es tö u c e n a d o ,
c o m id o , b e b id o ‘ h
n o yacH H aji, H aejicn , H afiH jicH ’ . 3H aneH He e star + p a r t i
c ip io , K a K h e s t a r + a d x e t i v o , o t h o c h t c h
K a T ero p n fi
h
k p a 3 p H A y a K T y a jiH 3 a u H 0 H H b ix
npoTHBOCTOHT 3HaneHHK) KJiaccHifeHitHpyiomero npeAHKaTa
s e r + a d x e t iv o .
H aber
+
participio.
E a h h c t b c h h o h A o n ycT H M ofi b H o p M e 4>opM ofi
3t o h nepH<j>pa 3bi h b jih c tc h <}>opMa S u b x u n t iv o
I I , c jiy w a iy a H a jih o 6 o 3Ha-
HeHHH H e p e a jib H o r o ycjiOBHH b ycjiO BH O M n ep H O A e, o th o c h u ic m c h k n p o u i-
6 bi Tbi
6 bi T y r y w e He c h a c j i h ’ . Il o c K o j i b K y T a K o e y n o T p e ö cpeA H eB eK O B o ft jiH T e p a ry p c , n a < j)op M a He n p H 3H aeT-
jio M y : S e h o u b e ra c h e g a d o a n te s , n o n e s t a r ia m o s a q u i u ln d a ‘ E c jih
n p H iu e ji p a H b iu e , M b l
jieH H e Ha 6 jiK>AaeTCH b
ch
K acTH jiH 3M O M ,
xoth
s e / c a n ta r a [T a M w e , 134
r
p a ir o R o p iio fl
p en n
o iiu
jaMeHHeTCH Ha c a n ta -
138], B cc c j i y im n y iio ip c ß jie H H H h a b e r + p a r t ic ip io
B A p y r n x BpeM eHHblX <])OpM«X lipM 'tllllK t ICH HIIII 1»!MH KaC TH JIH 3M aM H .
Ir
+ p a r t i c i p i o . 3 t « pc;|Ko yn o ip c fu iM io iu a H
Ha e s t a r + p a r t ic ip io
h o ö o i i i h 'i u c i
n p e A iu e c T B y io m e r o acJIctb h m : ( )
‘ B o p y w e x o p o u io
c o c io h h h c
n e p H ^ )p a 3 a c h h o h h m h h c y 6 i>eKTa KaK p e 3y jib T a T
IiuIkSii xa v a i b e n c a s tig a d o (C o u s a s , /5)
H a K a s a n ’ ; ü n !« liib o r f e i i a
v a i, d i x o o q u e e n t e r r a b a a
m u lle r (R e f r ä n s , 102) ‘ A e J io c a c jiu iio , KaK c K a 3 a ji o a h h , n o x o p o H H B » e H y \
Levar
+
participio.
ncpH(J)pa3a c o n e T a e T acneKTyajibHbie 3Ha-
MeHHH AypaTHBHOCTH H nep(})eKTHBHOCTH
HJIH TepMHHaTHBHOCTH; Ha 6 jIK>-
fla io T c a K O jie 6 aHHH b con n aco B aH H H npH H acTH fl c n p A M b iM /jon ojiH eH H eM ,
h to
roB op H T
o
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n poqecca
rp a M M a T H K a jiH ia u H H
4>pa 3bi: le v o d ü a s le ir a s a ra d a s ‘ a B cn axaJ i £ B a y n a c T K a ’; O
n ep n -
m u ifio ten se
en p e p o la s f o r r a s e r o m e n d o s q u e e u Ile I f v o p o s t o ‘ M e jib H H u a e m e c t o h t
Ö J ia r o fla p « n o fln o p K a M h 3 a n jia T a M , K O TopidM H a e e o 6 jienH .n ’ [T a M w e , 133].
O T M en aeT C fl T a K w e 3HaneHHe n p H 6 jw w e H H A fleHCTBHH
npn
HajiHHHH
n e p e fl
c ym ecT B H T eu b H b iM
flejib H b iM
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rip eflM eT O M
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o n p e fle jie H H b iM
h jih
hx
k CBOCMy n p e fle jiy
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apTH KJieM
h
coB O K yn H O C T b io;
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C00 TH 0<;HM0 r 0 c
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le ir a a r a d a ßBy3HaHHa: ‘ fl B c n a x a ji n o j i e ’ h jih ‘ h n oH TH B c n a x a ji n o jie ’; h o
le v o
unha
le ir a
arad a
M ow eT
3HanHTb
T o jib K o
‘ fl
B c n a x a ji
oaho
ü o jic ’
[S a n t a m a r in a 197 4b , 163, 164].
Q uedar
+
participio.
IIe p H (f> p a 3a H M eeT a c n e K T y a jib H o e
3H&hchhc
HHXoaTHBHoeTH h o 6 o 3 H a n a e T H a n a jio c o c to a h h a : q u e d e i s o lp re n d id o d a q u i‘ h yßHBHJicA s th m
la s v e r b a s
h erb a
c jio ß a M ’; A l f r e d o
fo is e
d e it a n d o
sobor
du
m u rc h a . E q u e d ö u s e d u r m id o o p e d o c a r b a l l i z o ‘ A j i b ^ p e ^ o y j i e r c «
Ha yB H flu ieß T p a B e. H y c H y j i n o # flyÖ K O M ’ [ R o j o
Ser
+
participio.
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1 97 4a, 141].
a b jia c tc a
cpe,qcTBOM BbipawcHHH
naccHBHoro 3 a jio ra h y n o T p e 6 jifleTCA He nacTO. T jia r o j i M ow eT ßbiTb b
jiio 6 oh MOflaJibHO-BpeMeHHÖü (}>opMe, h h ^ h h h th b c h repyHflHH: O Castro
p o lo s m o u ro s , qu e v iv e r o n nil m o ito s a n os (F o lk lo r e , 2 3) ‘ K p e -
f o i fe ito
nocTb 6 u jia n o cT p o eH a MaBpaMH, K O Topue w h jih b Heii m h o to j i c t ’; A rüa
estab a a la m p a d a d e lu a r e n o n p o d ia m o s atravesala s z n s e r e o lla d o s ( E s m o t g a ,
96 ) ‘ Y jiH q a ö b ijia 3ajiHTa MyTHbiM c b c to m ,
6 y/iyHH 3aMeHeHHbiMH’.
h
mm He M orjiH nepeÖTH ee, hc
Ilp H ynoTpeßjieH H H aß ieK TH B H poB aH H oro npHMacTHH KOHCTpyKqHfl npeBp a iq a eT ca b aTpH6 yTHBHyio c KjiaccHfJwqHpyiom HM npe/jn KaTOM: o n en o
e m o i c a la d o ‘ p e 6 eHOK oneHb MOjinanHB’. Y n o T p e 6 jieHHe coneTaHHA ser
c asad o ‘ 6 MTb weHaTbiM* a jia o 6 o 3HaMeHH» c o c to a h h a npeflCTaBjiAeT
OTflejibHbiü cjiynaH a p x a H 3 M a . T a K w e a p x a H 3M 0 M, no-BHflHMOMy, hbjiaio t c a cjiyn a n y n o T p e 6 jieHHA ser + p a r tic ip io b KanecTBe nepi}>eKTa Henep exoa H b ix r jia r o jio B , b o c h o b h o m rjia ro jio B ABHweHHsi: C a n d o un a n o
e id o, d ia m o s g ra c ia s a D eu s p o r h a b e lo v iv id o (R e fr ä n s , 5 8 ) ‘ K o r ^ a r o f l
n o 6 jia ro fla p H M
n p o m e ji,
6ora
3a
to ,
h to
mm e r o
npowHJiH’; O
m o-
m en to n o n e r a a in d a c h e g a d o (C u e v illa s , 8 7 ) ‘ M o m c h t e iq e He n a cT a ji’;
E r a x a a n o ite c id o (D ie s te , 1 0 5 ) ‘ Y w e cT eM H ejio’.
Ter
+
participio.
B ynoTpe6jieH H H s t o h BecbMa n acToii nepH<j>pa3M
Ha6jIIOA3K)TCfl TOHKH COIipHKOCHOBeHHfl C HCnaHCKHMH aHajlHTHHeCKHMH
(j)opMaMH r jra r o jia . nepH(Jipa3a HMeeT aKcneK TyajibH bie npH3Ha|CH [+ n e p (j)e KTHBHocTb] h [+HTepaTHBHOCTb] (K aK b nopTyrajibCKO M A3biK£), ec JIM
tcr c t o h t b (J>opMe n p e 3 eH c a h jih HMnep<)>eKTa: A lg u n h a x e n te ten m ed o de
ir 6 cuNtro, p o is d ic e s e q u e n il te n e n a p a r e c id o o d e m o e p a n ta sm a « m o i
temcroKU* (F o lk lo r e , 4 2 ) ‘ H e K 0 T0 pbie 6 o a t c « xojjH T b Ha p a 3BajiHHbi
KpCMOCIH, ronopH T, HTO T aM HaCTO nOABJIAIOTCH HepT H WyTICHC lip H »m aoiih k '
hii llo lifla d ito m o it a s ve ce s (E s m o rg a , 2 4 ) ‘ ...a w e reß c cKOJib-
k o p m i onopHJi o fl »t o m ’. B (j>opMax 4>yrypyM a, k o h ^ io iik th b b . hh<J>hhhihnm h n (JiopMc HM Hm npn uiuK [+HTepaTHBHOCTb] O T cyrcT iiy cr: C a n d o tr
v o lv m nm irrt! f'tlia/frllo u ciinh ‘ K o r a a tm B epHeinw c«, n y w e upHßepycb'
■ Aom c', l'rrlu xunlmlo con vo m n «Ir v ir m&is c e d o ‘ f l 6m n ooftcA aji c bbmh,
ecjiH 6 w npHinen n o p a H b iu e’; Cando eu volva, espero que xa se tena ido o
home ese ‘ Korâ BepHycb, Haaeiocb, s t o t nejioBeK yace yÖAeT’; Somellaba xa
ter vido a noite (Esmorga, 69) ‘ Ka3ajiocb, m to ywe HacTynHjia HOHb’;
Non comer por ter comido, non che e mal de perigro (Refräns, 151) ‘ He noecTb,
n 0 T 0 M y h t o y * e noeji, h cb gjih Ka 6 e A a ’; A min xa me pesaba non tere bebido
mäis (Esmorga, 35) ‘ MHe ßbuio ywe »cajib, h t o a He Bbinnji eme’.
B T e x c j i y n a a x , K o r A a t e r + p a r t i c i p i o H M eeT T o ji b K o npH3Haic [+ n ep (J )eK TH BH O CTb],
(J)yHKUH OH ajlbH O 3 K B H B ajieH TH 0 fi HCnaHCKHM
O H a CTaHOBHTCH
aH ajiH TH H ecK H M (j)o p M a M c h a b e r , n o K pattH eft M t p e nep(J>eKTHBHbix m a r o J10B. B yCJIOBHHX nOCTOHHHOI'O K0 I1T 8 KTa C HCnaHCKHM H3bIKOM n pO H C X O flK T
p a c u iH p e H H e
te r
4>yHKUHfi
+
p a r t i c i p i o , h OHa
H an H H aeT y n o T p e 6 jiH T b c a
TaM, r a e 6 b iJio 6 bi aoctutomho n p o c r o f l (Jjo p M w r j i a r o j i a .
B oTHouieHHH corn a co B a H H « npHHacTHH c npHMbiM /tonojiHenHeM H a6 jiioA a io T ca KojießaH ua; o h o oTeyTeT B yeT , e c j i h b i ih m h u h c icocpeAO Tow eH o Ha
c a M O M /jeficTBHH, h npH eyTeTB yeT, ecjiH iioAHepKHBaeTC« p e3 yjib T H p yiom ee
cocT O M H H e
rou p a
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h
o 6 i.e K T a
com a
[ C a r b a llo
C a le r o
p o id e m o s , e a in d a
na
p o r ta
un
non
c a b a le ir o
233,
1966,
2 3 4 ]:
A p a fla m o s
a
teflamos metidos o s p a n t a l ö s , c a n d o
( E s m o r g a , 7 1 ) ‘ M b i noxB aT ajin ofleHCAy
He ycn ejiH HaTaHyTb uiTaHbi, KaK b A ß ep ax noaBHJica K aK ofi-To rocn o A H H ’;
V a i a , B a l b i n a , qu e m e
tes ademirada (T e a t r o , 2 3 ) ‘ Hy, Eajib6HHa, h yA H B H jia
Tbl M e H « ! ’
V ir
Moe
+
He
m ero
p articipio.
T o jib K o
n ep n ofla
b
n e pH (| )pa 3a 03H an aeT co c T o a H H e , p a cc M a T p H B a e-
onH C biBaeM biH
BpeMeHH:
E so
h c
M OM eHT, h o
yneTOM n p efliu ecT B y io -
ven sabido d e v e l l o
xa
‘3 to
H3BecTHO y * e
H3A a ß H a ’ [ S a n t a m a r i n a 1 9 7 4 b , 158].
HTaK,
ne pH(J >pa 3b i
c
oöo 3 H aH eH H « pe3 yjib T aT a
coctohhhh,
t
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e.
ohh
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ac
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fln a
n o c jie A y io m e r o p e 3 y jib T H p y io in e ro
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n ep B yio
b
onepeAb
acneKTy-
a iib H b ix npH3HaKOB.
n epn ^pacTH H ecK H e
T aK ,
m to
coneT aH H a
B c n o M o r a T e jib H b ie
M oryT
r jia r o jib i
H aK JiaA W B aT bca A p y r
o 6 p a 3 y io T
qenoM K H
ao
Ha a p y r a
n e T b ip e x
HjieHOB: h a f a c e r — h a t e r q u e f a c e l o — h a t e r q u e v o l v e r a f a c e lo — h a t e r q u e
v o lv e r
a
ser
fe it o ,
n o e jie A O B a T e jib H o e T b
acn eK T—
npH H eM
bo
B bipaaceH H a
3a j i o r [ R o j o 1 97 4a , 7 3 ].
B c ex
c jiy n a a x
K a T e r o p n ft:
coxpaH aeTca
B p eM a —
c jie A y io m a a
M O AUJibiiocTb —
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4
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HBJIHeTCH (})OpMaHT -S /UIH HMeH C HCXOflOM Ha rjiacH bifi, AH^TOHr H c o ra a c H b iß -n h (J>opMaHT -es a n « hmch c h c x o a o m Ha corjiacH b ie -s, -r h -z:
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fa la d o r —
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c a is ;
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—
cän ones
‘ Ka HO H,
HHCJie M o r y T
p a n t a lö s ,
H M eTb
p a n t a lo is ;
ro B o p a x
- b i’. B
c u e fly w u t H e
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ohh
d ö lm e n e s
h m c h s h s -n
cjjopM bi: c a n s , cas,
y n o T p e ö jia io T C H
b
H3biKe
xyflOHcecTBeHHOH J iH T ep a T yp b i b 3 3 b h c h m o c th o t npejin oM TeH H H T o r o h jih
h h o to
n n ca T e jiH ,
<j)opMa
ho
Ha N-ns
H a H Ö ojiee
npecTHJKHa [ A l o n s o
M on
t e r o 1970, 5 1 ].
f l jih c y m e c T B H T e jib H b ix re i ‘ K o p o j i b ’ h le i ‘ j a k o h ’ H apH Ay c o 6 biHHbiMH
4>opMaMH
M H O >KecTBeH H oro
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re is ,
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l e i s ' ;io n y c K 3 K )T c a
rH n e p x a p a K -
P. K a p 6 a jib o
K a jie p o cmh-
KO TO pbie
T 3 eT , o jjh s k o , A H 3 JieKTHbiMH [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1966, 8 9 ].
O chobhoh
n p o 6 jie M o f l
c n o p H o ii
h o p M a rh bhoh
rpaM M aT H K H
HBJiaeTca
0 6 p s3 0 B 3 H H e {jjo p M M H O JK ecTB eiiH oro HHCJia HMeH c h c x o a o m Ha -1. B y n e ö HHKe
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H bix: c a d r il
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re a l ‘ p e a j i ’ h a d r a l ‘ 6 o p T T e jie r n ’ , <j>opMbi m h o > k c c t-
KOTOpblX
3ByH3T c a d r is ,
re ä s , a d r ä is .
P.
K a p 6 a jib o
Ka-
j i e p o p a c n p o c T p a H a e T M e n y -l/ -s Ha f l p y r n e c y m e c T B H T e jib H b ie h n p n jia r a T ejib H b ie , f le jia a
- b i’, m a n t e l —
h c KJiioHeHHe AJia
o a h o c jio h c h m x :
m a n te s ‘ cKaTep-r||b, - h ’,
fe a l
p ir ifo l- p ir ifö s
—
fe ä s ‘ ceH0B3Ji,
‘ c y m e H a a r p y in a ’ —
‘ c y m e H b ie r p y i u n ’ , la n z a l —
la n z ä s ‘ ctpohh|| biß, - b ie ’, h o f o i — f o le s ‘ M ex , -a
(K y3 H eH H b ie)’ .
-es
O K O H naH H e
t h j i h 3m om [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o
M o n tero
1970,
49,
50]
n p e a c T a B jia e T c a
eM y
n p o c T o p e n H b iM
1966, 9 1 , 102]. III. A j i o h c o
CHHTaeT,
h to
M o ^ e jib
m a n tel
p a c n p o c T p a H e H a b r o B o p a x , n o T O M y h t o yace b X I X
b.
Kac-
M o H T e p o [A lo n s o
—
m a n te s
M a jio
6 biJiH B ocnpH H aTbi
K acT H jib cK n e 4>opM bi, KOTOpbie n o n a jiH h b a 3biK xyAO H cecTBeH H oß jiH T e p a Typw .
y
az.iies,
f r o ls ,
P.
jie
K acTpo
bhahm o,
a jib T e p H H p y io T
no
c o o 6 p a *e H H H M
pa3JiHHHbie
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h
m o a c jih :
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m o r tä is ,
K
KOHiiy
Be KU IIIRIIICJIH Cl aj l H IipeA rlO H H TaTb (j)O pM bI, OTJIHHHbie OT KaCTHJlbCKHX:
a n im u l
-
[V u llu iln ic s
1970,
10
ra es , corris ‘ K o p u j u i ,
hu
-is
e s p u flo l
a n im a e s ,
im m iiis ,
o fii.i'm i.i
ii
csp u lW iN
( ’ iop oiiH H K ii
a n im a is
12| r a K * e
i.t*. b u n l
‘ »h b o th | | oe,
peKO M eH AyeT
- b ie ’.
M.
(J )o p M b i T H n a
B a jib a ^ a p e c
coral —
co-
— b a r ie s , b a ris ‘ M y * e C T B e H H i . i j | ß , - c ’. O o p M b i
m ic io 'iin .ix
lo iio p a x :
nogal
—
n og iiis
‘ o p cim iH K ,
- h ’,
c iiitu io t,
hto
' H l ' I U I l ( C k it|| 11, - c ’ .
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c
n o p iy ia jib C K H M
(( ll ip M I.I M II O M r C T H C H I I O I (I 'IHCJIM llll
CS.
hii.iku m
HI1JIHK1IHHCCH pC I y j l l . III TO M M HO rO -
B eK O B O rO
BJIHHHHH
KaC TH JlbCK O TO
H 3 r H a T b H3 ^ H T e p a T y p H O r O
Ha
ra jlH C H ß C K H H ,
(J)opM bi a n i m ä i s , p a p e i s , a z u is , d i f i c e i s , ä x e is
2 9 5 ].
Il0 3 T 0 M y
n p a B H J ia x
peKOM eH AylO TCH
iin a ijH H
p a p e is
b
‘ n ojie3 H b i| | H , - e ’, A e J ia a
(JiopM bi,
—
T o jib K o
hckjho h ch hc
c o B e p w e H H b ift
to
p o s ib le s ,
n o p T y ra jib C K H M :
k
a j ih
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(J)O pM y
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—
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MHOHCCCTBCHHOrO
M H o w e c T B e H H o ro n n c jia
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ta i [S c h r o t c n
HHCJia
fo le s ‘ m c x , - h ’, m o l —
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to
H a 6 jiio A a e T C H
K a c T H jih C K O M y :
a n im ä is ,
n o p T y r n jih C K O M y :
a n im a le s ,
p o s iv e is ,
so-
1981, 2 5 7 ]. E cT b n p e A J i o a c e H H e
OAHOCJlOJKHblX
B a T b c jie A y io iU H M o 6 p a io M : s o l —
fo l —
1982,
acco-
t a le s ‘ T a k||o t t , - h c ’.
n p H 6 jm )K a K )T C H
c iä is , s o c i a e s
. [E n r iq u e z S a lid o
l B03M03KHbi||fi, - e ’, ü t i l
KacaeTCH p e a j i b i i o r o y n o T p c fijic u H « (jjo p M
*Ito
p e iU H T e jlb H O
.c o ii H o n e A a r o r a n e c K O H
6jiH 3K H e
p o s ib e is
b x y A O »c ec T B eH H o fl jiH r c p a T y p c
ho
h t .a
ra jiH C H H C K O H
‘ 6 y M a r| | a , - h ’ , p o s i b e l
l T b ic H ^ | a , - h \ t a i —
H aßO
H 3b IK a H B O C C TaH O B H Tb HCKOHHO rajiH C H H C K H C
HMCH
Ha
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s o is ‘ cojinn||e, -a ’, sa l — s a is ‘ c o ji ||b, - h ’,
m o le s 'M n rK n j| fi, -e ’, n 0 T 0 M y h t o
jia -
b
TH H C KO M 3 T H HM eHa H M e jIH A B o ftH o e 11 [ C . 197 8b , 108].
H e H M e io T (J )o p M a jib iio r o Bbipa)KCHHH HHCJia H eK 0T 0 p b ie c y m e c T B H T e jib
Hbie Ha -s: Ha3BaHHH A H eii He A e jih lu n s ‘ n oH eA eJib H H K ’, m a r te s ‘ b t o p h h k ’,
m e r c o r e s ‘ c p e A a ’, x o v e s ‘ n e T B e p r ’, v e n r e s ‘ n H TH H qa’; cjioa cH b ie c y m e c T B H T e jib
Hbie T H n a f u r a b o lo s ‘ y K a 3 a T e jib H b ifi n a jie i; ’, f e r v e lla s b e r z a s ‘ H eyroM O H H b iü
H ejioB eK*,
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p »A
HMeH
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oueH O H H biM
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Kt iUN h i i i m c i i h i o t c h n o jiH b iM H p o r o , p o r a , p o r o s , p o r a s . C j i H T H u e <|>opMbi
c
n p e ; u i n i «>m
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uhm n
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n p e A J ia r a io T C H
H H C TH T yT O M
cHHKonnpoBaHHaH (jiopMa n p e A J io r a
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pn ii o n o p n o f l ; Ha nHCbMe na me ynoTpefijiNCTCN (J xip M a para,
H CJIHNMMN V H | H IIK J irM 1IC npOHCXOAHT.
c jim iiim o m
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io
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K a j i e p o f lo n y c i c a e T (j»op M y c ä < c a + a , h o He c o < c a + o , K O T o p a « M o aceT
n yT a T b ca c c o < c o n + o [ C a r b a llo
C K o ro
H 3biKa n p e f l j i a r a e T
< c a + os,
c ä s < c a + as
C a le r o
19 6 6 ,
1 0 7 ] . H H C T H T yT rajiH C H ft-
cjiH T H b ie (J>opMbi c 6 < c a + o , c ä < c a + a , c ö s <
[G a le g o
19 77,
6 6 ],
K O T o p b ie He H a u u iH B c e o ö -
m e r o npH M eH eH H H .
y n o T p e Ö jr e H H e
M y H H K a T H B H b lM H
a p T H K J ie ii,
o 6 y c jio B jie H H o e
p a 3 J lH H H H M H ,
ceM aH T H K O -K O M -
toh kh m h
eCTeCTB eH H O , He HBJIHCTCH 0 6 l . e K T 0 M
H O p-
M aTH B H 3aqH H b p a M K a x jiH T e p a T y p H o r o » 3 b iK a ; BH H M aH ne H o p M a jiH 3 a T o poB
oöpam eH O
n p e )K w e B c e r o
yn oT p e6n eH H e
h jih
n a c jiy n a H
H e y n o T p e 6 jie H H e
H C C B o ö o flH o r o cH H T aK C H ca, r a e
a p T H kjih
a c e M a iiT H m io
h
h b j ih c t c h
<J>a K T O M H O pM bl.
B ra jiH C H Ö C K O M h b jih c tc h o 6 H 3 aT ejib H b iM y i i o r p c ß j i c H H e o n p e ,q e jie H H o r o
a p T H K jiH
iip H T H Ä a r e jib H b iM H
nepeA
ck o m : a n osa c s c o la
u p H J ia ra T C J ii.iib iM H , KaK b n o p T y r a j i b m e u p r o f e s o r ‘ moH y H H T ejib ’. O n y -
‘ H au ia u iK O jia ’, o
m e H H e e r o p e r y j i n p i i o n p o n c x o A H T n e p e A iip H T H w a rc jib H b iM H n p H J ia r a T e jib -
HbiMH m e u , t e u , s e u , e cjiH A a J ie e c J icjiy e T c y m e c T B H T e jib H o e b e j ( . m., o 6 o 3 H a n a i o m e e poACTBeH H H Ka o 6 jia ;ia T e jiH ; c p .: m e u p a i ‘ m o h O T e q ’, t u a i r m ä ‘ t b o h
c e c T p a ’ , h o o v o s o p a i ‘ Barn O T e u ’ . E c jih hm h o ß j i a f l a e M o r o c t o h t b o m h o -
»e c T B e H H O M
6paTbn\
*e
c re a s, m eu
llo
th x
H a 6 jiK )fla K > T C H
H H C jie,
TaK
fillo
(o s )
teu s
npn
onycKaeTcn
‘ He B epb e M y , c w h
pacueH H B aeTca
c jiy n a flx
KOJie6aHHa:
a p T H K jib
p e n y jin p H o
non
m o h ’. O n y m e H H e apTH KJia b A p y -
K acT H jiH 3M : ( o s ) s e u s o l l o s
KaK
‘ tb o h
ir m ä n s
o6pam eH H H :
‘ero
r j i a 3 a ’,
( a ) s ü a r a z ö n ‘ e r o a o b o a ’, x o t » b c o B p e M e H H O M H 3 b iK e, KaK h b n o p T y r a jib -
c k o m , 3T O H e p e ^ K o e HBJieHHe [ A l o n s o M o n t e r o 1 9 7 0 , 4 6 ].
Ü 3 A p y r n x a eT e p M H H a T H B O B HMeHH c o n p e a e jie H H b iM a p T H K J ieM B c e r A a
y n o T p e 6 jiH K )T C H
‘ B ce
f l B e p n ’,
to d o
‘ B e c b ’,
ä m b o lo s
fillo s
‘ b c h k h h « O M ’ H a6 jiK )A aK )T C H
ckoh
a m b o s/ e n tra m b o s
‘o6a
c b iH a ’ .
B
‘ o 6 a ’:
tö d a la s
K O H C T p y k ijh h
to d a
p o r ta s
(a )
casa
KOJie6aHHH M e5K/;y n o p T y r a jib C K o f i h HcnaH-
K O H CT pyK ijH eH [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1 9 6 6 , 2 0 3 ] ,
npH
n ocT n o3 H U H H
y K a 3 a T e jib H o r o
TaK *e
n p H jia r a T e jib H o r o
o6H 3a-
T e jie H o n p e jje jie H H b iH a p T H K jib : o c a n e s t e ‘ c o 6 a K a 3 T a \ H e o n p e q e jie H H b iH
a p T H K jib
npn
nocTno3H U H H
K B a H T H (j)H i;H p y K )in y H )
n p H T H * a T e ji b H o r o
(J>yH K U H K >:
unha
a m ig a
n p H j i a r a T e j ib H o r o
m ifia
‘ oA H a
hi
H M eeT
mohx
noA-
p y r ’.
3 jie M e H T 0 M
$ o p M b i HBJiaeTCH o n p e A e J ie H H b ili a p T H K jib
p eM H bix o 6 o p o T a x : ä s
bo
M iio rH X H a-
v e c e s ‘ H H o r A a ’ , ä s e s c u r a s ‘ b t c m i i o i c ’; r c o o t b c t c t -
B y io m H x H e n aH e K H x o 6 o p o T a x a p T H kjih h c t .
O n p e A e jie m ib in a p T H K jib b x o a h t b c o c t h b p c iw iH K -n c p e c iip o c o B 60 qu e?
‘ MTO?, HTO TBKOC?, «ITO Tbl CKBIUJI?’, /.<> Clll? ' K O TO p kliT |T llM )KC , 2 0 4
- 2 0 5 ].
H a3B aiiH H A iic il iic a c j ih h o ftc 'r o H r c jii.c in c H iii> n (|iv h k h h ii M o r y T y n o T p e ö jiHTbCH 6 e3 a p rH K jm : chcjicSu u rih n tlo ’ o ii iip iiftu n i n r y f i f i o r y ’.
y n o T p e 6 j i e i i H C o n p c A C J i c i m o i o n p iit K iiN c m im p o iio iih m u m h — H M eH aM H ,
4>aMHJIHHMH H np0 3B H lU U M H
h b jiH T e p a T y p e
B C T p eT H T b
C (JiaMHJIHHMH
o C a s te la o , o
R is c o . P .
a p T H K J ieM
AJi»
C IH IM C U N M p illlllU H O K IIO C Ib lO npOCTOpeHHH,
H e K O T o p b ie i i h c u i c j i h
H3BCC 1'lllilX
K a p ö a jib o
<j>aMHJiHß h
*eH bi
cro .
i h jih c h ü c k o K
K a jie p o
n p o 3 B H iu
o6o3H aneH H H
m flc iN io i
U CH IC Jirll
B ce w e e r o
o u c iiiim ic i
b jk c h c k o m
h o c h tc jih
kbk npocT open H oe
poac
< |)iim hjihh
a S a l g u e i r a ‘ aceH a C a j i r e f i p o ’, a M a n c a ‘ xceH a B e i p y K o r o ’.
112
m ow ho
K y j ib T y p u :
c
o u p e A e jie H H b iM
h jih
npo3BH m a:
O n p efleJieH H b iH
a p T H K jib
bxoaht
TaKace
b
cocTaB
M H o rw x
r e o rp a (j)H -
A Corufia ‘Jla K o p y H b a ’ , O Sar ‘C a p ’ (p e i c a b T a j in c H H )
O Grove ‘O TpoBe’ (Ha3BaHHe m c c t h o c t h b TaiiHCHH), A America ‘AMepHK a’ . P e u i a i o i H H M npH p e r y jiH p o ß a H H H y 3 y c a 3 fle c b a B J ia e T c a T p a flH U H H .
n e c K H X H ä 3B aH H H :
y K A 3ATEJlbHbIE nPH JlArATE JlbH blE
r io f lo ß H o
H b ix
H en aH eK O M y,
M ecTO H M eH H bix
b
rajiHCHHCKOM H M eeT ca T p n pa/ia y K a 3 a T e jib -
n p H J ia ra T e jib H b ix ,
KOTOpbie
h HC3aBHCHMO, b M ecTO H M eH H ofi (JjyftKqHH:
( 6n H * e
M o ryT
y n o T p e ß jia T b c a
1) e s te , e s te s , e s ta , e sta s ‘ s t o t ’
k r o ß o p a m e M y ) ; 2 ) e se , e se s, e s a , e sa s ‘ 3 t o t , t o t ’ (ß jiH ace k c j i y -
in a io m e M y );
3 ) a q u e l, a q u e le s , a q u e la ,
a q u e la s ‘ t o t ’. O o p M b i e s to s , e s o s
BM ecTO e stes , e s e s aB J ia io T ca KacTH jiH 3M aM H . C n p e ^ jio r a M H d e h e n
cjiH T H b ie (JiopM bi d e s te , n e s te , d e s e , n ese, d a q u e l, n a q u e l h
p a 3 y io T c a
n e s te a n o ‘ b s t o m
r o f l y ’ , n es a c a s a ‘ b
3t o m flO M e ’ d a q u e la c id a d e
06 t .a
.:
‘ H3 t o t o
r o p o f l a ’.
C jiH T H b ie
hwm
o u tro
o 6 p a 3y io T c a
(| )o p M b i
‘ f l p y r o ß ’: e s t o u t r o ,
TaKace c M ecTO H M eH H biM n p n jia r a T e jib -
e so u tro ,
a q u e lo u t r o
b c b o k ) O H epeflb M o r y i c iH B a T b c a c n p e f l j i o r a M H
to u tro ,
d e s o u tro ,
j i 8 K>Tca p e flic o
h
n eso u tro ,
d a q u e lo u tr o ,
o m y m a io T c a
h
t.fl.;
n a q u e lo u t r o ,
KaK ap xaH H H b ie.
3 th
4>opMbi
d e h en: d e s t o u t r o , n esho
ohh
ynoTpeß-
A p x aH H H b iM H
a B jia io T c a
T a K * e $ o p M b i a q u e s t e ‘ s t o t ’, t o t ’ [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1966, 122— 124].
B
h
A H a jie K T a x
y K a 3 a T e jib H b ix
b x y A o a c e c T B e H H o ft ji H T e p a T y p e
(})o p M b i
B C T p e n a io T c a
n p H jia r a T e jib H b ix c K o p e H H b iM rjia c n b iM [ i ] : is t e , is e , a q u il
(n o c jie flH a a $ o p M a K p a H H e p e ^ K a ) .
nPHTJDKATEJIbHblE nPH JlArATE JlbH blE
no
C B oefi
«jjo p M e
h
<j>yHKUHOHHP OBaHHK> ra jin c H Ü c K H e
n pH T aa ca T ejib -
6 o jib u ie c x o a c t b c n opTyrajibCK H M H , n eM c K ac T H jib ck h m h n p H jia ra T e jib H b iM H (c m . T a 6 ji. 5).
B o 6 m e M c jiy n a e HajiHMHe n p H T a a c a T e jib H o r o n p H jia r a T e jib H o r o n e p e A
c y m e c T B H T e jib H U M T p e 6 y e T o n p e a e j i e H H o r o apTH KJia (c m . B b im e). C HM e-
Hbie n p H jia ra T e u b H b ie o ß H a p y a c H B a io T ropa3AO
HaMH p oflC T B a b n p o c T o p eH H H
BM ecTO m in a
$ o p M a fia :
n a n a i ‘ M o a M a T b ’, n a f i l l a ‘ M o a AO H b’. P a c n p o c T p a H e H b i, Aaace b c ejib C K o ß
M ecTH ocTH ,
tu
p a d re,
K acT H jib cK H e
su
m a d re,
4>opM bi
KO TO pbie
o 6 p am eH H a
o m y m a io T c a
k
p o flH T e jia M
6o jie e
KaK
mi
m a d re,
n oH TH TejibH bie
[ P o r t o D a p e n a 1977, 159],
0 6 w h h o M ecTO n p H T a a c a T e jib H o r o n p H J ia r a T e ü b H o r o n p n HajiHHHH o n p e fle n e H H o r o apTH K Jia — b n pen o3 H A H H k c y m e cT B H T ejib H O M y . I l p n H a jiH H H H
n epcA
c y m e c T B H T e jib H b iM
iic o iip c A e n e H H b ix ,
n o c n io iH U H H
o a h ii
e itle k
h i
ap yrn x
A eTep M H H aTH B O B
B o n p o c H T e n b H b ix ,
n p H T a a c a T e jib H M X
n p H jia r a T e jib H b ix :
momx A p y 3 e ö ’, a lg ü n v e c i f i o t e u
lillo s
tcu s
—
6
n p e fln o H H T a e T C H
un
* K T 0 -H H 6 y f l b
‘ 3 th t b o h c b iH O B b a ’, n i n g u n h a
O T p H u a T e jib H b ix ,
—
h i
p ro p o s tn
a m ig o
tro h x
M in
fo i
m eu
' tto
coC e^ o K ',
n d o p lM ilw
' h h » a m » m » n u ) h x n p e A J io a c e H H Ü H e 6 m j i o n p H i i a T o ’ , i d c q u 6 c n n n i i i I A n (mImm?
*0 KMKOM MIICM AOMC Tbl rOBOpHlllb?'.
DOCTIIO
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I 3 ji.
BHH e’, e c o u s a m i n a ‘ s t o
M o e a c j i o ’; E u q u e r o p o r m e d e c r ia d o s e u ( P r o s a
g a l e g a I , 2 4 4 ) ‘ R x o n y C T a T b e r o c j i y r o f l ’.
Ö opM W
3 j i . b C H jiy c ß o e t t M H o ro 3 H aH H o cT H M acT o 3aMeHHK>TCH o n p e -
flejieH H S M H d e l, d e la , d e le s , d e la s , d e v o s t e d e ( s ) : c o llin a c a r t a d e l ‘ a b3hji
e r o n n c b M o ’. III. I I o p T o f l a n 3 H a y K a 3 H B a e T , h t o o 6 m h h o c o n e T a H H e a s ü a
n oH H M aeTca
vaca
o
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‘ero ,
ee,
B a u ia
(e ^ .
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h .)
penb
hact
H ecK O jibK H X o ß jia A a T e jiJ ix , n p e fln o H H T a e T C « a v a c a d e le s / d e la s / d e v o s -
t e d e s ‘ h x , B a u ia ( m h . m.) K o p o B a ’. K oH C Tp yK U H H T H n a n cn . su h ijo d e u s t e d
c o B e p m e H H o H yjK â r a jin c H Ü c KOMy [ T a M * e , 164— 165],
P a3 ro ß o p H o ü
« B ji a e T c a
KO H CTpyK U H »
un
tio
de
m eu
bm ccto
un
tio
m e u ‘ OflHH MOÜ A » f l » ’IIp H B e fle M
T a K *e
H ecK O JibK o
c jiy n a e B
H fln o M a T H M H o ro
n p H T « * a T e jib H b ix n p H jia r a T e jib H b ix : C i b r ä n
paH y y * e
y n o lp e ß jie H H »
t e n c h e o s seu s 50 a n o s ‘ C h 6 -
6 seu ‘ B e p H y T b c a b p o A H o it a o m ’; fa c e r
0 T K 0 Ji0 Tb H O M ep ’; A n t ö n t e n g a d o d e s eu ‘ y A h t o -
B ce n H Tb A ecH T ’; v o l v e r
d a s s ü a s ‘ H an yflH T b,
H a c oß c T B eH H b ift c k o t ’ (T .e . o h e r o
He a p e n u y e T ); e u t e f i o t e r r e o s d e m eu
‘ y MeHH c b o « 3eM Jia’.
B
oT jiH H H e
H en aH eK o ro
ot
n p H jia r a T e jib H b ix
b
(J>yHKUHH H c n o jib 3 y io T C H
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n p H T « )K a T e jib H b ix
H eT
b
h ö rreo
h
MecTOHMeHHOH
e m eu
‘ s t o t aM Ö ap
’ ; a m if la a c a b ö u s e ‘ m o h KO H H H Jiacb’.
KOJIHMECTBEHHbIF. AK I l l’ M HHATHBbl
H eon peA en eu h ue
M e c T O H M e H H b ie
‘ M H o r o ’, p o u c o
cyroT ca
hom es
b
KojiHHCc i BciiHbie
n p H Jittru T C JiiiH M C c i i n l o
‘
p o fle
m u j io ’ ,
h
‘ c K O jib K O
M H o acecT B eH H oro
to d o
h h c j ic
d e m a s ia d o
o n p c f lc jm e M b iM
c
h c j i o b c k ',
HHCJia
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m o it a s
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UHK)
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ta n to
de,
b
h
‘ c T O J ib K o ’, m o i t o
‘ c j ih iu k o m
m h o to
c y m e c T B H T e jib H b iM :
‘m h o to
f l e B y i u e K ’.
’ co ra a ca n to s
fl> o p M y
n p H J ia r a T e jib H o e v a ri| | o s, - a s ‘ H e c K O J ib K o ’ ;
H e H 3 M e H «e M b iM H flB JiniO TC R m rtis ‘ ß o j i b m e ’
I I p H J ia r a T e jib H o e
fleTepMHHaTHBbi.
‘ C K O jib K O ’, t a n t o
pouco
h
m e n o s ‘ M e H b iu e ’.
o 6 p a 3 y io T
K O T o p o fi c o x p a H a e T c a
n a p T H T H B H y io
hx
K O H C T pyK -
c o r jia c o B a H H e c
cy-
m e c T B H T e jib H b iM : u n p o u c o d e p a n ‘ H e M H o r o x j i e ß a ’, u n h a p o u c a d e a u g a
‘ H eM H oro
114
B O A b i’,
unhas
poucas
de
c e r e ix a s
‘ H ecK O JibK O
n e p e m e H ’, o u t r a
pou ca
de
C T O J ib K O
cervexa
‘em e
H eM H o ro
w c h i u h h '. T a K » e
we
n p H J ia r a T e ;ib H b iM ,
iih b b ’,
o u tra s
tlc
t n u t t is
m u lle r e s
‘em e
t o d o , B b i c T y n u H n n u p c H iio fl (|>yiiKUHH n e p e A
coxpaH aeT
c c y m c c T H H rc jii.iii.iM : c h e g ö u
c o r jia c o ß a H H C
to d a m o lla d ifia ‘ O H a n p n iu n a b c h n p o M O K U ia « ’.
‘ 06 a ’
Am bos
c o r jia c y e T C H
ä m b a la s
c
B cerß a
y n o T p e ß jia e T C J i
irm ä s
‘ o6e
c e c T p b i’.
c
o tip e / ic jic m n .iM
b poqe:
ä m b o lo s
YcH JieH H biM H
h p ih k jic m
ir m ä n s
(jjopM H M H
‘ o ft «
h
f ip u r a ’ ,
hhjimioicm m n b o s
e d ou s, a m b a s e düas.
K ojiH H e c T B e H H b ifi ^ eT ep M H H aT H B m e d i o
BHTejibHbiM :
B
m e d io
OTjiHMHe o t
B b ic T y n a a
3HaneHHH
b
B cerqa c o m a c y e r c ii c c y m c c r-
x j i e 6 a\
‘ n o jio B H H a
H en a H eK o ro ,
jia ra T e u b H b iM H
h
pan
m e d ia
lib r a
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H apeM H oii <J>yHKUHH n c p c ji upH-
b
‘ H a n o jio B H H y ’
m e d io
HHCJie c n p H jia ra T e jib H b iM : m e d io s m o r t o s
‘
c o r jia c y e T d i r po/jc
‘ n o jiy M e p T B b ie ’, m e d ia n iiüiin
‘ n o jiy r o n b ie ’ [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1966, 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 ].
K o jiH H e c T B e H H o e
3HaneHHe
M ow eT
H M eTb
n ojiH (j)yH Ki;H O H ajii.M nH
h
(J)opM a b e n : te n b e n a n o s ‘ e M y m h o t o j i e T ’.
H H C jiH T e jib H b ie .
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H bix: 1. u n , u n h a ;[2 . d o u s , d ü a s ; 3. tr e s ; 4. c a t r o ; 5. c in c o ,
6 . s e is ;7 . sete; 8. o i t o ;
9. n o v e ; 10. d e z ; 11. o n c e ; 12. d o c e ; 13. tr e c e ; 14. c a t o r c e ; 15. q u in c e ; 16. ditz a s e is ;
17.
d a za s e te ;
18.
d a z a o ito ;
19. d a z a n o v e ;
20.
v in t e ;
21. v in t e ü n ,
v in t e u n h a ; 22. v in t e d ö u s , v in t e d ü a s ; 30. t r in t a ; 31. t r in t a e ü n ; 40. c o r e n ta ;
50. c in c u e n ta ; 60. s e s e n ta ; 70. s e t e n ta ; 80. o it e n t a ; 9 0. n o v e n t a ; 100. ccn,
c e n t o ; 200. d o u s c e n t o s , d u a s c e n ta s ; 3 00. trescen t)| o s, -a s ; 4 00 . c a tro c e n tj| o s ,
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800. o ito cen t| | o s, -a s ; 9 00. n ovecen t| | os, -a s ; 1000. m il; 1 0 0 0 000. un m illö n .
c
H H C jiH T ejib H b ie
un,
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c y m e cT B H T ejib H b iM :
dou s
h
c jio w H b ie
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c o n n a c y io T C H
c a r b a llo
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tr e s c e n to s \lib r o s
‘ TpH CTa
k h h t’ —
tr e s c e n ta s
a rb res
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A epeB beß’.
<t>opMa c en ‘ c t o ’ H cn ojib 3yeT C H b n pn cyöcT aH T H B H O H n o3H i;H H h jih a 6 c o ju o T ho
h
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B H T e jib H o ro c n p e a n o r o M d e: c e n to s d e p a x a r o s ‘ c o t h h n T H it’ .
IIo p H flK O B b ie H H CjiH TejibH bie b p a s r o B o p H o f i peMH y n o T p e 6 jiflK)TCH b n p e A e jia x
5.
n ep B oro
q u in t o ;
fle c a T K a :
‘ n ep B b ifl’,
H M eeT
p o r m e ir o ,
p r o m e ir o ,
A H K b th b h o h
u p e jtJ io i
1. p r i m e i r o ;
2.
segu n do;
3.
t e r c e ir o ; 4. c u a r to ;
6 . s e s to ; 7. s e t im o ; 8 . o i t a v o ; 9. n o v e n o ; 10. d e c im o . P r im e ir o
A H a jieK T H b ie
h
n p o c T o p e H H b ie
B C T p en aiom H ecH
(JjyHKijHH
n o p a flK O B b iM
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h
b
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p en n .
p ir m e ir o ,
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npe-
n p e A in e c T B y e T
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‘ ß b lT I., CTOHTb, H A T H n e p B b IM ’.
A p o O in .ie
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HHCjiHTejibHbie
i m i p a a ’,
t e r c io
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C rtOpHAKOIII.IMH HHCJIHTejTbHbIMH; CBblLUe AeCHTH y n O T p e 6 jlHK)TCH (|)OpMbI
C Cy(})(J)HKCOM -HVO, 3aHMCTBOBaHHbIM H3 KaCTHJlbC KOTO.
115
HEOnPEflEJlEHHblE, O TPH U ATE JIbH blE H A P Y T H E flE TE P M H H A T H B b l
B
p o fle
h
HHCJie
c o r jia c y jo T c a
c
o n p e a e jis ie M b iM
M e c T O H M e H H b ie n p n j i a r a T e j i b H b i e a l g ü n , a l g u n h a , a lg ü n s , a l g u n h a s ‘ K a K o fiH H S y flb ’ ; n i n g ü n , n i n g u n h a , n in g ü n s , n i n g u n h a s ‘ H H K a K o ii’ ; o u t i j | o , - a , - o s ,
- a s ‘ a p y r o f i ’; c e r t j| o , - a , - o s , - a s ‘
hckhü
M b iß , c a M ’ ; a s m e s m a s v e r b a s ‘ t c * e
’; m e s m | | o , - a , - o s , - a s ‘ t o
t
*e
ca-
c j i o B a ’, o d o u t o r m e s m o o d i x o ‘ c a M
flO K T O p 3 T 0 C K a 3 a J l’.
IIp H jia r a T e jib H b ie
roM
en :
a lg ü n
non
b
n a lg ü n ,
a lg ü n
h
o u tro
n a lg u n h a
h
t.h .;
nocTno3H H H H
com e
cousa
M ecT0H M eH H 0e
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n e p e fl
t a le s
h m ch cm
b m c c to
kbk
non
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cousa
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hom es
a to p a s
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sn aneH H e
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t.a .
h
c
n p e fljio -
yn oTpeß n eH H e
b 0 T p H u a T e jib H 0 M
com c
KacTH JiM 3M [ G a l e g o
n p H J ia r a T C J ib H o e t a l
y n o T p e ß jia e T c s
T a K o r o ’;
c jiH T H b ie
n o u tra
k c y m c c T B H T e jib H O M y
a lg u n h a
He ec T * paccM aTpM B acTC H
t a is )
h m c io t
n o u tro ,
n in g u n h a
3 H aneH H H :
‘oh
H H n e ro
1976, 117 ].
(J jo p M y
m h
. h. t a l e s ( H H o r a a
t a l c o u s a ‘ H H K o r f la H e B H ^ a ji
jho ac
‘ h c k h ü ’;
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c a lq u e ir a )
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K a K o fi - H H 6 y f l b ’
H M eeT
H e H 3 M e H fle M y K > < |>o p M y K a K b n p n c y 6 c T a H T H B H o f i n o 3 H U H H , T a K h B a 6 c o j i i o T hom
‘b
y n o T p e 6 j ie H H H : c a l q u e r a
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hom e)
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H 3 b iK a K a c T H J iH 3 M 0 M ; H H o r,u a y n o T p e 6 jifle T C H < j)o p M a m h . h. c a l e s q u e r a ( T a r n e
c a le s q u e ir a , c a le s q u e r ).
T o jib K o
H b ie ’
h
(j)o p M b i
m h
.
h.
flH C T p n 6 y T H B H o e
H M eeT
n p H jia r a T e jib H o e
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5
MECTOHMEHHA
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v o s o u tra s .
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b n a M a T H H K a x ra J iH C H H C K O -n o p T y ra jib C K o ro a3 b iK a [ C a r b a l l o C a le r o
1 9 6 6 ,1 1 7 , 1 1 8 ].
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D upcnn
77,
1 7 5 ]; cp . T a K w e : £ Q u e c h e g u s ta m ä is d e is to ? — G ü s t a n m r c s a » tixciriiN .
P o is
que
te
q u it e n
6 o jib u ie B c e r o
os
o llo s
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c o - e la s
MHe
(F o lk lo r e ,
57) ‘ M to
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m
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n o ro
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T e 6 e h m h r jia 3 a b w k o j i o j i h ’; . ..v in n o c h a n , e n t r e a h e r b a , a r o » c « d e pnn
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(C u n q u e ir o ,
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53)
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o ö y c jio B jiH B a io T Hepa3JiHHeHHe m h o th m h ro B o p a n iH M H 4>yhkhhA te h c h e ,
n 0 3 T 0 M y räJIHCHHCKHe JIHHTBHCTbl o 6 p a m a K )T o c o ß o e
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T a K w e n o HHCJiy, e cjiH y n o T p e ß jia e T c a T o jib K o $ o p M a lle b 3HaHCHHH e/t. h
mh. h.: E n d ia s s in a la d o s a tia A d e g a m a n d äb a/ / e o s s o b r ifio s u n c a ix ö n c h e «
d e c o u s a s d e c o m e r (C a s t e l a o , i 7 5 ) ‘ B o n p e A e jie H H b ie a h h t c t » A f l e r a n o c u jia jia n jieM H H H H KaM n o c w jiK y c e A o ft ’; D ille, a n d a di//e 6s teus d ilix e n t tx
m a e s tro s
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que
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lo ,
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c a s t ig o s
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lie s .
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91)
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Ha -S,
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y n o T p e 6 jia io T c a H o p M b i n o , n a , n o s , n as: e u s ein o ‘ a s t o 3 H a io ’ ; A v in g a n z a
de
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b
n p e T ep H T e h h a h KaTH Ba c s h k j ih t h h c c k h m h M ecTO H M eH H aM H 3 ji.
1. c o n t ii: c o n t e in o , [ contfcina, contfcinos, c o n t iin a s
2. con ta ch es:
c o n ta c h e lo , c o n ta c h e la ; c o n ta c h e lo s , co n tä c h e la s
V lo n to u : c o n to u n o , c o n to u n a , c o n to u n o s , c o n to u n a s
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^ ro itia c h e d e s : c o n tu c h rtlrlo , c o n ta c h e d e la , c o n ta c h e d e lo s, c o n ta c h c d rin n
fi ro n iiiro n : c o n ta r o n o , coniM ionu, c o n ta ro n o s , c o n ta ro n a s
O m o ii h m h h
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M » i ’ io m m ciih H os h n o «:
Ir v A im o n
ii
c/iywae
npH C oejiiiiieiiit*
k
i'MMioiiy
p ra casa ‘ o h o t r c j i um«' n j i i i m 1 hjii» 'i iii
o t m j i HK n a o m ’; f n im m ‘ o l l h x ; t n i n r i ’ hjih ‘ o i i iihm A f J i M i '
II |«h c o 'ic T it iihh j t n v » iicrtM i o i i o m m w h m c c i o h m i h i h N tl I M<H« II MO- «I A h * Mi i m r
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se
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m c c to h m c h h a m :
n o n se n o s d i x o ‘ HaM He ö b i j i o C K a3 aH o’; a c a b o u s e lle a b o a v id a ‘ KOHHHJiocb
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che
se c h e :
C a le r o
K a p 6 a jib O
P.
K a jie p o
n o n se c h e (h jih c h e s e )
1966,
218,
0 flH a K 0
2 1 9 ],
b
1977, 111] c h e se pacu eH H B aeTC fl KaK n p o c T o p e n H a « (jio p M a .
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2
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169)
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r o n o B a ’;/häi//evos m o i t o
3J1CMCHTOM a jih ycn jieH H H y n o T p e ß jin e T C H v o s .
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B cohctbhhhx
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c o jiH fla p H o e T H 4 - o ß i e K T H o e
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P . K a p ß a jih o K a j i e p o a o n y c K a e T j i i o ß o R n o p n flO K $ o p M : Ile m e hjih m e Ile
[C a r b a llo
C a le r o
1966,
2 1 9 ];
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b
1975,
83]
npHBOAHTCH
T o jib K o
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s t o n p H H ec’ ; d i x o l l e n o l o ‘ o h , 3H aeTe jih , c K a 3 a ji HaM
M e C T O H M e H H H o , o s , a , as M o r y T B b in o jiH H T b a H a t ^ o p H M e c K y io (J )y H K U H K ),
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CKu t a ji o ß s t o m ’ ; u n h a v e z t o c 6 u//e ‘ o flH a > K flb i e M y n o B e 3 J io ’ ; a g o r a p ä g o c h e a
v iu x c
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h 3 a n jia n y T e ß e 3 a f l o p o r y ’ . ü o
CKH M h i'u jih c h H c k o m
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CJIOB, H l.ril.lH IIIO lU H X n p en 0 3 H U H K > MeCTOHMeHHH B npOCTOM n p eA n oX C eH H H ,
ß o jic c
o i p m iH H c iio
[D u b r o c a
1974,
n p o K j i c B c c r o ii«p c h h m | t a r n e n ‘ T o » e \
OHCHb', t u n l o
sem p re
c ra ra m e n tc
1h
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‘ B c e i j m '.
'M e H b i u e ',
1 5 ].
m c N in o
M o m e n te
‘hcho’
‘ a i i w c ’,
‘ t o j i i . k o ’,
| C 'u r b a llo
ace T e ß e r o B o p H J i’ ; m o i t o
asi
u x ifla
C a le r o
llelo
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x a ‘ y * e ’, c e d o ‘ p a H o ’ , b e n ‘ x o p o u i o ,
‘ T a K ’,
m ä is
‘ ß b ic T p o ,
1966,
212
C K o p o ’,
h
‘ m o k c t ß b iT b ’,
‘ ß o jib iu e ,
c ji.]:
e i n e ’,
pouco
xm
cho
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eu
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3 T o ro,
‘ BHepa’, e n tö n ‘ T o r a a ’,
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MecTOHMeHHH:
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s to io
hc O T p H u a K )’ ; n i n g u e n n os
f i x o c a s o ‘ h h k t o He o6 p a T H J i Ha Hac b h h m b h h h '; nin s i q u e r a m e a x u d ö u ‘ o h
a a w e He n o M o r M He’.
H e o n p e a e jie H H b ie m c c t o h m c h h « a lg u e n ‘ k t o - t o ’, a l g o ‘ h t o - t o ’ o 6 y c jio ß jiH B a io T
n p e n o 3 H U H io :
H M eH H flx
m o ito
a lg ü n
‘ M H o r o e ’,
n o cT n o3 H U H a :
algu fen
‘ He k t o ’,
o u tro
a lg ü n
o fix o
‘ k t o -t o
d e m ä is
os
‘ a p y r o f t ’,
a x u d a r i a He
v a r io s
de
sto
c a e j i a j i ’;
‘ o c T a jib H b ie ’,
boa
‘ H ecK 0J ib K 0 ’
gana
npH
ün
m ccto -
‘ k t o - j ih 6 o \
H a ß jiio a a e T c a
‘ koc- k to
oxotho
noM or
6 b i e M y ’ ; m o it o s f ö r o n o b u s c a r ‘ M H o rn e O TnpaB H jiH Cb HCKaTb e r o ’ .
H c K / iio H H T ejib H o
BOCKJIHLiaTejTbHblX
iq u e
che
pasa?
npeno3HUHa
H a ß jiio a a e T c a
BbICKa3blBaHHHX
‘ h to
c
npH
t o 6 o h ? ’;
a a jo T ? ’ ; i q u e n te v e r ä ! ‘ yBHae.n
ie
b
B o n p o c H T e jib H b ix
h
HajlHHHH B o n p o c H T e j i b H b i x c jio b :
c ä n to
I le
dan?
‘a
CKOJibKO
eM y
6 bi T eß a K T o - H H ß y a t !’ T o » e H a ß jiio a a e T c a b
o n T a T H B H b ix BbicKa3biBaHHHX, HaHHHaromHXCH c n o a J ie w a m e r o : i m a l r a io te
‘ p a3 pa 3H T e ß a r p o M ! ’; !D e u s Ile a x u d e ! ‘ a a n o M o a c e T BaM 6 o r ! ’
B c n e u H a jib H b ix H CCJieaoBaH H ax O T M e n a e T c a n p o K jiH 3 a M ecTOHM eHHa
p a rta !
npn
HajlHHHH
Ile c a d r a r o n
n epea
a
P ed ro
C K a3yeM biM
‘y
Ile a p o
H H e jiH T e jib H o ro :
0 K a 3 a ji0 C b
seis
c o m p a iie ir o s
rn ecT b cnyTH H K O B ’; BBoaH bix
c j i o b c o n q u e , q u e , sei q u e ‘ T aK , 3HaHHT\ M ecTO H M eH H a t o d o ‘ B c e ’, c0k>30b
e, p e r o , c y ß i e K T H b i x m c c t o h m c h h h [ D u b r o c a
fla n sH a
O T M en aeT
HapeHHH
(J)OpM
M ec T a
B
T e 6e
TBK3KC
a q u i,
[P o r t o
OTMeHBCT
cjiO B aM H
a ll,
3M(})aTHHeCKHX
ro B o p ro ’
1974; M e i e r 1976]. III. I I o p T o
KOJießaHHa b n ocT aH Ö B K e M e c T O H M e iw ii npH HajlHHHH
a lö ,
a lä
h
n p o K jim y
B bicK a3biB aH H (ix:
D apena
1977,
KOJießaHHK
B
178,
HajiHHHe o 6 u iH p iio n
lo iih i
c jiy n a H ,
K o jic ß a im M
C
1966,
K ocBeH H O oßi>eK TH bix
ehe
179],
CJiyHUHX
algün, hoxe [C urballo Calero,
onHcaHHH h c l a i p a i H H U ior r m
eso
P.
d ig o
‘bot
K a p 6 a jib o
liapeHHHMH
216, 217 ].
h to
a
K a jie p o
M ecTa
H
co
H o p M a T H B H b ie
110 11 o 6 m eM m ohcho n p e a n o jia r a T b
KUK B p a 3 r0 B 0 p H 0 H peHH, T aK H B
x y a o x c e c T B e H H o fl jiH T c p m y p e
B
n pH aaT O H H bix
3H U H »
npcaJioNcciiH H X
M ecTOHM eHHtt
no
I le f ix e r a n u n h a t r a s n a d a ‘ o h
ven
cando
ö o jib m o M
che
rio c T n o 3 H U H H
TOHHbiM
122
p areza
HHCjie c jiy n a e B
k
n paB H jiO M
c K a 3y e M 0 M y:
a B jia e T c a
npeno-
c o n tö u n o s
que
p a c c K a 3 a ji H aM , h t o H a a h h m n o a i u y r H J i H ’ ;
‘ npH xoan,
K oraa
a o n y c K a io T c a
aon ycK aeTca
a p yro ro
o f> m n x
o t iio im c iih io
npn
BKjiHHHBaHHH
n pn aaT O H H oro:
Tede
T e 6e
y a o Ö H o ’.
O T C T y n jie H H » o t
tin o
O aH aKo
sT o ro
b
n paB H jia.
M e w a y C01030M h n p n a a de
non
vos
ach egar
ä
c ir c u la r , q u e , c o m o
‘ O cTopoacH ee,
OHa
B p am aeT ca
1977,
a
m o it a s
h to
que
m anä
3 aB T p a
ou
h jih
T a K »c e
nacTa
b
c o K )3 H b ix
c ji o b
p o is ,
p orqu e,
KaK
K oppeK H H H ,
qu e,
c
3HKJIH33
M ecTOHM e-
60 JIbIU 0 r 0 KOJIHHeCTBa
y
H e ro
B TopoS
K oraa
m a B H b iM
A p yrn x
c k o th h 3 ’.
npn
n pn aaTO H H oe
b
h
3 a 6 o jie e T
CTeneHH,
HajiHHHH
T p u K T ye T c a
c jiy n a a x
[ M e ie r ,
6 biTb T a K * e p e 3 y jib T a T 0 M C B o e o 6 p a 3 H o tt rn n e p -
M O *eT
T .e.
n o c K o jib K y
p a s a d o vai//e e n f e r m ä - la b es ta ‘ cksx ch
n pH flaT O H H b ix
paBH onpaBH oe
3HKJiH 3a
1 9 7 6 ].
K 0T0p3a,
aB JiaeTca
n o c jie 3 a B T p a
3 H K jiH 3 a
C K o p ee
c jiy n a e M
M O K fly C0K33OM H CK a3yeM bIM
c jio b : d ille a f u l a n o
TaK O M y-TO ,
n n jie ,
6 b ic T p o , M oa ceT oTX B aTH T b BaM p y K y ’ . [G a l e g o
o n eH b
HajiHHHH
r e v o lu c iö n s , p ö d e v o s le v a r u n h a m a n
k im p K y jib H o ü
P a c n p o c T p a H e H H b iM
4 7 ].
n pH
HHH
x ir a
He n o a x o flH T e
p acnp ocT p aH eH H « ee
Ha Bce c jiy n a n
y n o T p e ö jie n H »
KaK
«BJieHHH, O T jiH H a io m e r o raJiK cn ßcK H Ü a3biK o t H e n a H e K o ro .
B
H M n epaTH B e
4> o p M e
h
M ecTO H M eH H a c jie a y io T
n p e fliu e c T B y io T
eM y
06
n o n ll o d i g a ‘ He r o B o p H T e e M y
Pa3H 006pa3H e
ch m om
y n o T p e Ö J ie H H H
H aeTC «
3 t o ’;
n 0 3 H l]H H
C K a 3 yeM oro
k hhm
v in
b
un
K a, f l e j i a B i u e r o
H M eH H 3H
H aM
h e in o
‘a
q u e ro
[C a r b a llo
3H 3KH ’ .
B
c fle jia io
C a le r o
d a r = t e fio c h o
h
sto
1966,
Tpn
que
E c jih h h $ h h h t h b
e s tö u
a o jd k h s
r e p y H flH Ö
K aK 0r 0-T 0
KaKnpH
ver
te fio
/ ja T b
‘a
OCHOBHOM
vendo
‘a
ec
xony
C B « 3y i o m e H
que
T e6e
nocne
n e jio B e -
ynoTpeÖJieHHH m c c t o -
v e n d o o = e s to u / io
a
HC33BH-
n p H C o e jjH -
re p y H flH H : h e i facfe/o =
h j ih
h 3 j ih h h h
üpH
CJIOHCHOrO
IIp H
d e i x a Io ‘ j i y n u i e o c T a B H T b
y B H fle ji
y n O T p e 6 jia T b C a
M ecTO H M eH H a
h jih
‘a
HH(}>HHHTHBe
’;
flJIH
r e p y H f lH e M .
m illo r
verp q u ero
‘a
XapaKTCpH O
h jih
33 B H C H M oro
b o 3 m o h c h o c th :
dar
nocT3H O BK 3
e
c jiy n a e
2 1 5 ].
‘ c K a x c H T e M H e ’,
r e p y H f l H « |M e C T O H M e H H e
acen os
M O *eT
ve/ a= q u eroa
n p e flo C T a B J ia io T C H
n a cT 3 H
fa c fc n d o m «
n pH 3 3 b h c h m o m
h
fa c e r
h h < })h h h t h b o m
h h 4 > h h h th b s
3H K JIH TH K 3
r jia r o jie , TaK
B H * y ’;
M eC T O H M eH H H
c
y T B ep flH T C J ib H O H
b
3 t o m ’.
K aH ecTB e 3 h k jih t h k h :
hom e
3a r j i a r o j i O M
O T p n u a T e jib H O H : d i g a m e
b
nacT H U b i
d a r c h o = t e fio
e r o ’.
b
que
que
ch o
6 o jie e
O TM en aeTca
r jia r o jia
ero
B H fle T b ’
jih h h o ü
(J )o p M e.
B B o ^ a T c a n p e f l j i o r o M , b o 3 m o> k h 3
3HKJIH 33
h jih n p o K J iH 3 a M e c T O H M e H H a ; b p e n n H a 6 jiK > fl3 e T c a H e K O T o p o e n p e ^ n o H T e H H e
np en o3 H U H H :
‘ He
y x o flH ,
non
He
te
v a ia s
s in
n p e a y n p e f lH B
a v is a r m e — n o n
M e H a ’;
en
te
v a ia s
acabändoas
me
s in
p id e
a v is a r
m ä is = e n
as
a c a b a n d o p i d e m ä is ‘ K o r y ja o h h y T e 6 a k o h h s t c h , n o n p o c n e m e ’ ; C h i l r a r o n d e
im p r o v is o
23)
os
p o lr ö n s ,
‘ 3 a c K p H n e jiH
JieHH’.
III.
B ^pyr
IIo p T O
[ P o p to D apen a
HuKOHeU,
se
cu n
la ia r
flß e p H b ie
fl a n S H a
de
p r e g u iz a
im p o r tu n a d a
n e T jiH ,
H 3 fla B a a
ctoh
paCC M 3TpH B 3eT
n0CTn03H UH K)
K3K
HCKOHHOH
O C O Ö eH H O C TbK)
O T f le jie H H »
rajiH C H H C KO TO
n p o K J iH T H H e c k h x
y ß ^ y ’.
B
« 3 b iK e
x y flO K e c T B e H H O Ü
CHHTaeTC»
8 3 b IK 3
M eC T O H M e H H H
J ip y i h m h c jio n a M H [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1 9 6 6 , 2 1 6 , 2 1 8 ]: a l g ü n d i a
h
K3CTHJIH3M
1 9 7 7 , 1 7 8 , 1 7 9 ],
itt> »M o jK H o c T b
'om m iiikm iii
(D ie s te ,
n oTpeB oxceH H oK
r jia r o jia
o t
me
J iH T e p a T y p b i
e u h e i d e ir
3Ta
B 03 -
M o i t i i m i n . pea jiH ty e T c a H enacTO . O ö b iH H b iM aB JiaeTca T o j i b K o BKJiHHHBdHHe
m c h u iv
mm
m oi' i o h m c i i h c m
h
r jia r o jio M
o T p H U B iiH H
non;
tliH o k m im i ( F o l k l o r e , 7 6 ), ‘ h o C T a p n k e M y i i h h c i o
HHMr H m i i i i y r i i i a j m c H Ü c K o r o h i i . i k i i | ( i u l c g o
im pM JIUK
t
11(111
p C IIIII ICJlhHO
O T H C p m C IC N
IV 7 6 ,M |
KHK
»U lf
m A iit o
iic c k h i u j i ’.
v e [lo
B
Ile
yneö-
i h k o H a p xa H H H b itö
n p o a B J ie H H e
|>rtllllllt IIII tMN.
123
P A 3 PJmbI
flP yrH E
M ecTO H M eH H e q u e n
B o n p o c H T e jib H o e
q u ie n
H M eeT
He
MECTOHMEHHA
H opM e
b
(j)o p M b i
(j>opM y
‘ k to ’
o t jih h h c
b
M H O w e cT B e H H o ro
nHcaTejTH
y n o T p e ß jiH io T
qu en es,
H M e io m a a
0CH0 BaHHH b p a 3 r0 B 0 p H 0 M
K O Topa»
ot
H en aH eK oro
HHCJia.
H eK 0T0pw e
o T B ep raeT ca
KaK
He
» 3 b iK e . C K a 3 y e M o e n p n q u 6n B c e r a a
CTaBHTCH B eflHHCTBeHHOM HHCJie, 3a HCKJIlOHeHHeM r j i a r o jia s er, KOTOpblii
M o w e T ö b iT b h
eßHHCTBeHHOM, h b o M H O wecTBeHH O M HHCjie: L q u e n es? ‘ Tbl
b
k t o ? ’, i q u e n s o d e s ? ‘ bm k t o ? ’ . B (jjyHKUHH B o n p o c H T e jib H o r o m c c t o h m c h h a
h
b BOCKJiHiiaTenbH bix BbicKa3biBaHHHX q u £ n B c e r a a H M eeT 3HaK y fla p e H H «:
6 bi M o r c K a 3 a T b !’ .
i q u e n m e d ix e r a ! ‘ k t o
O T H Q C H TejibH oe M ecTO H M eH H e q u e n (6 e 3 3H aK a y a a p e H H a )
H c n o jib 3 y e T c a
Oho
M oaceT
HeHHH,
B b ic T y n a T b
y n o T p e ß jiflH C b
chegou
quen
nncbM eH H O H
b
arrasaron
‘s to
os
p o jin
de
au ga
‘B
p a3 roB op H oß
p en n
qu en
p ero
eso
El
de
nepcH KO B,
ho
n in g u e n
era
que
me
a
m ozos
en
fo i
y
qu e.
a o n o jiM a r ia
se
quen
w e H m H H b i,
fa lta r o n
Ha
ko cbchho to
m u lle r e s
T aK H e
lies
k o to p w x
e s c o lle r
quen
napH H Ha Bbi 6 o p ’ .
w jih
HacTO
de
qu en
a b a la r
r o u b a r g a lin a s ...
H aB opoB aTb
in te ir o s
s e ria
h
o cho bh o m
y n o T p e ß jia e T C »
ycTOÜMHBOM
b
p r a f a c e r a l g o ‘ 6 biTb He b c o c t o h h h h c fle n a T b
con eTa H H H ( n o n ) s e r q u e n
h to - jih 6 o ’:
c
b
ycTHOÜ
b
h jih
H oubo
w jih
( C a s t e la o , 3 5 8 ) ‘ ...y m chh B c e r a a 6
B
c jiy n a e
n p n e x a n a ’;
...e n d e x a m ä is
r j ia 3 a ’;
3aM eH »H C b
n o fljie w a m e r o
n o c jie ^ H e M
b
M apna
o llo s
yß jiaw H H jiH C b
b
p en n ,
un
(C a s t e l a o ,
yK pacT b
K y p n u y ...’;
p ra
qu en
p e x e g u e ir o
202) ‘ O h
E
fa c e lo
p o f io
por
caso;
6 bi, k n p H M e p y ,
M or
d im p ö is d o r m ia
acord ar
d ia s
(E s m o r g a ,
104)
‘ A n 0 T 0 M o h c n a ji u ejib iM H a h h m h , h h h k t o He M o r e r o p a 36 yß H T b \
Pa3Hoo6pa3Hbi
MecTOHM eHHH
n p a M oro
iq u e
fixeches?
ß a jiee
que
c H T e jib H b ix
BeHHOH
‘h to ’
A o n o jiH e H H «;
flo n o jiH e H H e :
Iq u e
(J)yHKi]HH
que
c
che
‘h to
tu
M ow eT
(J)opMbi
oho
qu e.
n p e / y io ra M H
g u s ta
m iis ?
ca e jia ji? ’; I
B b ic T y n a T b
b
H B O C K J IH lta T e jIb H b lX
xapaKTepwcTHKOH
B
K an ecT B e
HrpaTb
m ohcct
p o jib
B o n p o c H T e jib H o r o
n o A J ie w a m e r o
‘h to
KaK
6ojibiue
Teöe
h j ih
x o cB e H H o e
H paB H Tca?’ ;
npnuieji?’
a que vine c he s ? ‘ t u
3aneM
«eTepM HHaTHBa
hm chh
b
Bonpo
COOTHOCHCb
C
K a n eC T -
p o jiH
B b IC K a 3 b IB a H H »X ,
o6 ieK T a :
Iq u e
lib r o
p r e fe r e s ?
‘ K a K y io
KHHry
Tbi n p e f l n o H H T a e n i b ? ’; i q u e n e n a z o ! ‘ b o t fle T H H a !’ KOHCTpy k u h h q u 6 d e + s u s t .
yn oT p e 6 jia eT c«
o ß ie K T a :
h x !’
\qut
H a Konen,
( J iy H K U H K ) ,
i QuJ\
b o c KjiHuaHMax
b
de
h om es!
/inajiore
b
H B JIH M C h
<'.Fix 6e h e - lo
quö
CpCJlCTROM
que
a j ih
‘ CKOJibKO
ehe
ouchkh
m o jk c t
NhiuojiiixTh
lip H I I J IC H C H H H
m iim lW V
‘ Hy,
CTopoHbi
k o j ih h c c t r c iiiio R
n a p o / ( y t ’ ; Iq u t1 ilc lc s !
‘ CKOJibKO
H IIH M U IIH H
k
«
k
c / iejia ji,
,
we
Mew/ioMeTHyio
C o 6 e c e flH H K a :
hto
h
T e 6e
B ejreji?’ .
OTHOCHTejlbHOC
MCCTOMMCIIHC
(|UC
(ß c »
JHaKa
y fla p e H H « )
»BJiaeTCH
ocHOBHbiM c p e^ cT B O M CBN1 H t jiK N iio io h iip H ^ a T O H H o ro o n p e a e jiH T e jib H o r o :
o b e c e r r o q u e m e r c a m o s ‘ ßbiHOK, K o r o p o r o M bi K y n H jin ’, a le ir a q u e a r a m o s
o n te
‘ n o jie ,
B b ic T y n a e T
qu en :
K O Topoe
b
mu
BHepa
npH ,qaTO H H bix
D ix e r o n m e
os
que
B c n a x a jiH ’ .
n o / u ie w a m H b ix
ch ega ron
‘MHe
B
co n eT aH H H
b
s to
K anecTB e
C K a 3a jiH
c
apTHKJieM
s K B H B a jie H T a
Te,
KO Topue
n p n e x a j i H ; O q u e r o u b a a u n la d r 'o n, te n c e n a n o s d e p e r d ö n (R e f r ä n s , 1 81 )
‘ T o M y , k t o yK paß eT y B opa, n p o m e H H e Ha c t o j i c t ’ .
C on eT aH H H
o
qu e,
as
que
BbICKaJblBaHHHX
B (jjyHKUHH
mhh
‘ K aK ’:
‘ CKOjibKO ’,
jo
y n o T p e ß jia io T c a
KOJlHHeCTBeHHOrO
que
e la
Ile
BOCKJiwuaTejibHbix
b
HJIH KaHeCTBCHHOrO H ap e-
rogöu !
‘ KaK
OHa
ero
n p o c H jia !’;
i as q u e e la n o s d i x o ! ‘ n e r o OHa T o jib K o HaM He H a r o B o p H J ia !’ .
B
O T eyT e T B y eT
r a j iH C H H C K O M
(JjopM a,
c o o T B e T C T B y lo m a »
H ciian cK ofi
c u y o ‘ n etf’; ra jiH C H H C K O -n o p T yra jib C K a a (j)o p M a c u jo , fla B iu a a 6bi b c o B p e MeHHOM
H3biKe
u in p o K o
pacnpocTpaH eH O
*cu x o ,
He
c o x p a H H J ia c b .
h
b
ycTH O H
O flH aK O
h
b
yn o T p e 6 jie H H C
rm cb M eH H o ü
peHH,
cuyo
x o th
h
paCUeHHBaeTCH KaK flBHblH KaCTHJTH3M.
B o n p o c H T e jib H o e M ecTO H M eH H e c ä l ‘ k o t o p w h ’ M o * e T y n o T p e ß jia T b c a c
n p e f ljio r o M
h jih
6 e3
H M eeT (})o p M y mh. h. c ä le s ; ich! q u eres ?
Lcon cäl v a s ? ‘ c k o t o p m m Tbi n o ft fle u ib ? ’ .
H e ro ;
‘ K 0 T 0 p b ifi Tbi x o n e u ib ? ’ ;
O T H O C H TejibH oe
h n p e jy io r o M
6 o jie e
M ecTO H M eH H e
b T ex * e
M eTKofl
cbh 3 h
c a l,
c a le s
a p T H kjicm
c
c jiy n a a x , m to h ncn . c u a l, T.e. a jih ycTaHOBJicuHH
c
aH TeueaeH TO M ,
MeM
s to
n03B0JiHK)T
c fle jia T b
MeCTOHMeHHH q u e n h q u e ; c a l aB JiaeTca npHHafljie>KHOCTbK> J iH T e p a T y p H o ro
»3 b iK a :
a
ir m ä
do
p in t o r d o / d a c a l fa la b a m o s
o n te
‘ c e c T p a xyAO W H H K a,
o k o t o p o m / o K O TopbiH M bi roB op H JiH BM epa’ ; a v ila p o la c a / p a s a b a n ‘ cejieHHC,
K O T o p o e o h h n p o e 3 * a j i H ’.
E e3
apTH KJia
cal
y n o T p e 6 J ia e T c a
b
K o p p ejia u H H
c
ta l
b
h c k o to -
cal o p a i, tal o f i l l o ‘ KaKOB o T e u ,
T a k o b h c h h ’ ; c ö n t a m e o a s u n t o tal cal e ‘ p a c c K a w n MHe o f le jie Bce k b k
pwx
cp a B H H T e jib H b ix
oöopoTax:
ecT b ’.
KaK
H B HCnaHCKOM,
B rajiHCHHCKOM
M eT H bix
MeCTOHMeHHH: e s to
‘ t o ’.
n p e fljio r a M H
C
de
h
en
n e s to , d e s o ,
n e s o , d a q u e lo ,
jiH T e p a T y p e
B C TpeM aioTca
ohh
‘ s t o ’, e s o
o 6 p a 3 y io T
n a q u e lo .
(jjo p v tb i
HMeiOTCH TpH
cjiH TH b ie
B jjH a jie K T a x
c
4>OpMbI H e n p e fl-
‘ s t o , t o ’ h a q u e lo
KopeH H biM
4>opMbi:
d e s to ,
h b x yA o a cecT B eH H o fl
ru a c H b iM
[i]:
is to ,
is o ,
a q u ilo ( n o c j i e A H a a p e ^ K o ). Ilp H M eM aT ejib H O Mpe3BbiMaHH0 p a c n p o c T p a H e H H oe y n o T p e 6 jie H H e
(j)H K a T op a
*H3K)MHHKa
E lim a s e r a n
<j>opMbi a q u e l
u e jio ii
c
b
r a M M o ii
H e jio B e K e ’
o s c a lz ö s
d e s c a lz a r s e
ao
HpaBHJiHCb
LuapoBapu
h
b
KaMecTBe c y u u ec T B H T e jib H o ro -K jia c cH -
3HaHeHHfi:
t.a .:
O
b om bach os, de
e n tra r
na
casa
ceH bopa
‘ M a H e p a ’,
que
m ä is
pano
me
fa c ia
do
sen or
v e r d e , i o a q u e l q u e tin a d e
(C u n q u e ir o ,
3 jiH M a c a
‘ c b o h c t b o ’, ‘ MyBCTBo’,
g r a c ia
58)
H3
‘ E o jib u ie
3 e jie H o r o
B c e ro
c yK H a ,
a
MHe
TaKHce
e r o M aH ep a CHHMaTb o ö y B b npH B x o a e b a o m ’; T e n o l l e m u it o a q u e l a o teu
am o
don
M e r lin
(C u n q u e ir o ,
‘ H c 6 o jib iu o fi C H M naTH eß O TH O inycb
59)
k T B o eM y xo3H H H y flO H y M e p jiH H y ’ .
K
H e o n p efle jieH H b iM
‘ m to -t o ’,
kto
to d o
‘ B ce’,
m cctohm chhh m
cadaqu en
y r o f lH o ’, c a lq u e r a
b c h k h H'.
O u tr ö n
yn Ö T peß jiH C T ca
6e3JIHHHblX
roBopauiCM y:
fa c e r e
de
‘ b c h k h h , j i k >6o h , k t o
‘ a p y r o f i ’ HBJiaeTca
H e o n p eA C J ie im o -jiH M H o e
ncn.
BhlCKUIblliailHH,
ün
sl (E s m o r g a ,
jh o6 o h \
vai
M a jio y n o T p e 6 H T e jib H b iM
un
AJia
CMbICJl
KOTOpblX
pouco
bot
c
‘ j ik >6o ü ,
a p x aH 3 M 0 M .
y A a p eH H e M ),
n peA C T a ß jieH H a
quedando,
15) ‘ T a K
‘ k t o - t o ’, a lg o
qu en qu er
y r o A H o ’, c a d a ü n ‘ KaxcAbitt,
MecTOHMeHHe ün (n n m e T c a
iio ; io 6 ho
P o is
a lg u e n
othochtch
‘ KaacAbiH,
OTHOCHTCH
a
nocTeneH H O
pouco,
sen
unha
KanecTBc
b
K
CSMOMy
saber
h np Hx oAH iiib
que
k TOM y,
m to H e 3 H a e m b , h t o c c n ß o H flCJiaTb’.
K
O TpH ijäTCJibiihiM
m ccto h m ch h h m
oTH ocaT ca
n in g u d n
‘ h h k t o ’ , nnrin
133
‘ h h h t o ’ ; <j>opMbi n a d i e , n a i d e ‘ h h k t o ’ h b j i » k >t c h flH a jie K T H b iM H . I I p o c T o p e H Haa
4>opMa
n a d a + m ä is ;
n a m ä is
b
‘ ö o jib u ie
j iH T e p a T y p H O M
H H H ero’
H 3biK e
B0 3 HH KJia
b
p e 3y j i b T a T e
p eK O M eH A yeTC H
cth w ch h a
y n o T p e 6 ji»T b
m ä is
nada.
B 20— 30-e roflbi X X b . noKoneHHe CeMHHapa r a ^ H C H H C K H X H C C J i e a o nbiTajiocb o a c H B H T b a p x a H 3M r e n ‘ h h h t o ’ , b o ß m e M H e n p n BHBUJ HHC H B J i H T e p a T y p H O M
5I 3b ! K e . 3 . E j i a H K O AMOp n O J l b 3y e T C H H M
A a i K e b penn nepcoHawefi: Eu n o n tefio ren d e q u e m e d i s c u l p a r q u e e u n a d a
fix en
(Esmorga, 32) ‘ M H e H 3B H H H T b c a H e 3a h t o , B C ß b h H H H e r o He
BaHHH
C A eJiaji’ .
O T p n u a T en b H b ie
m cctoh m ch h h
b
y n o T p e Ö J i e H H » O T p H u a T e jib H o ü n a c T H
n a d a q u e r o ‘ h HHHero He x o n y ’ .
npeno3Hi(HH
k
non: ningudn
v e u ‘ h h k t o He n p H u i e j i ’,
rjia ro jiy
ne
T p e 6 y io T
r ji a b a
HAPEHHfl
6
H C J i y 5KE BHb IE
MACTH
PEHH
H A P E M H fl
HapewHH
Me c T a .
a 6 c ojT K )T H b ix
e M b ix
B [G alego 1977, 228]
HapenHH
M ecTa,
A aeTca Ta6n .
K O T o p w e c jiy w a T
8 TaK Ha3bißa-
p n a jio K a jim a U H H
npe/jMeTa no CTeneHH 6 ji h 3 0 c t h oTHocHTejibHo r o ß o p a m e r o :
T a 6 jiH ua
a h i (ai)
a q u i (e iq u i)
CwcTeMa 1
CHCTeMa 2
8
ali
ac^
alä
acö
a lö
a co lö
acolä
CwcTeMa
1 cjiy*HT
KaK a n a
n o K o a , T a K h A-na jio K a jiH 3 a u H H
jiOKajiH3auHH
npe^MeTa b c o c t o h h h h
k o h c m h o h to m k h AB H »eH H a: e s tä a q u i ‘ o h
3 fle c b ’ ; v e n a q u i ‘ o h H/jeT c i o A a ’. CncTeMa 2 cjiyacHT TOJlbKO ajih jioKajiH3aUHH KOHenHOH TOMKH a b h w c h h h : a lä v a i ‘ o h H AeT T y A a ’; t r a i n o a c ä ‘ H e cn e r o
c io A a ’ .
B KaKofi CTeneHH 3Ta
cxeM a
OTpaacaeT p ea jib H b iH y3 yc , HeacHO,
0C06 eHH0 ecjiH yMecTb, h t o b ynoTpe6jieHHH (})opM MoryT 6biTb h p e rH O HajibHbie pa3JiHMHa; c m ., H an p H M ep , coorßeTCTByiomHe CTaTbH b cjioßape 3. P o A p n r e c a ToHcajieca [ R o d r i g u e z G o n z ä l e z 1958 — 1961], III. IIopTO
f la n a H a [P o rto D a p e n a 1977, 207] ycT aH aB JT H B aeT cjieAyfomyio nocjieAOBaTejibHOCTb HapenHH MecTa no LUKajte ”6jiH>Ke k r o B o p a m e M y — Aajibiue
o t roBopamero”: a q u i —
ahi —
a li —
a lä —
a c o lä —
a lö .
B con eTa H H H c n p e A J io ro M d e H a p e n n a M ec Ta M o r y T o6o3H aM aTb Hanan b H yK ) TOMKy ABHxceHHa, a b con eTaH H H c n p e A J io r o M p o r — jiy T b
A B H w eH H « h jih H e o n p e A e jie H H y io jio K a jiH 3 a q H K ): i q u e pasöu p o r alä? ‘ h t o T a M
n p o H 3 o iu jio ? \ B OTHOineHHH H apeH H a a c o l ä A. C a H T a M a p H H a [Santamarina
1975, 61] yTOMHaeT, mt o H a p a A y c o 3HaHeHHeM ‘ TaM B A ajiH ’ o h o c o x p a H a e T
c b o c »TH M O JiorH M ecKoe 3HaneHHe ‘ T a M ' npn y K333HHH Ha nyTb A B H * e hhh: mir« a c o l ä vni ‘ c m o t p h , b o h T a M o h h a c t ’. P. Kapöajibo Kajiepo cMHTact,
mto a c o lä
m o 5 kc t y K a ib iB a T b He T o jib K o Ha 6 o j i e e OTAajieHHOC m c c t o
n o c p a B iic iiH io c a li, im h n p o c T o Apyroe m c c t o : alä estä a e s c o la , c n c o lä
a c ir c x a ‘TaM iiikojih, ii hoii ra M n ep K O B b ’. A lä ynoTpe6ji«eTca A f l " neoiipe-
ACJICiiiioH jioKajiHiimHH: (In in d iv id u o d is te pais, caira prisionelro (In
mourerla, a lii p o la s C a m illa s (Folklore, 37) ‘ O a h h whtcjii. w iiiiim x
m c c t Ilo n a ji r iijicii k M nn paM t u m , b K a c T H jiH H ’.
Ü3
OTHOCHTejibHbix
HapeHHH
M ec T a
H a H Ö o jie e
yn o T p eÖ H T ejib H b iM H
a b jih io t c h e n r ib a / a r r ib a ‘ H a B e p x y , H a B e p x ’ , e m b a i x o / a b a i x o *BHH3y, BHH3’,
d e b a ix o ‘ BHH3y\ e n c im a , d e r r ib a ‘ H a B e p x y ’, d e n t r o ‘ B H yTpn, f o r a ‘ cH ap yatH ,
H ap y*y\
d ia n te ‘ B n e p e a H ’ , d e t r ä s ‘ n c m a n ’ , a d ia n t e / a v a n t e ‘ B n e p e a ’, a trä s
*H a3aa\
1b 6 jth 3 h ’,
p erto / ce rc a
lo n x e ,
le x o s
(KacTH JiH 3M )
‘ B a a jiH ’ ;
3TH
HapeHHH M o r y T c o n e T a T b c n c n p e a n o r a M H a , d e , p o r .
B o n p o c H T e u b H b iM
con eTaeT ca
c
H apenneM
M ecT a
a / p ra
‘ K y a a ’,
por
a o p o r o f t ’, d ö n d e ‘ o T K y a a ’ , d e s d e ö n d e ‘ c K a K o r o
|t|ülo?
‘ r f le
c
as
d on as,
‘ r a e ’,
önde
tü la s ?
‘ w e iim H H b i,
K O Topoe
‘ r a e ’; ‘ KaKOH
M e c T a ’ . H a p eH H e u ‘ r a e ’
n pH M 006 i>eKTHbiMH
s h k jih t h h c c k h m h
o h ? ’,
6 nde
h b jih c tc h
önde
ra e
MecTOHMeHHHMH:
ohh?
3 to
HapeHHe
I HBJiaeTCH npH H aane)KH O C TbK) a p x a H 3 H p y io m e fi iiHCbMCHHoft p en n
h
b h (h b o h
Jp en n He yn oT p eÖ J iH eT C «.
O T p H u a T e jib H b iM
n in g u r e s
H apeH H eM
‘ H H K y a a ’, d e
M ecT a
h b jih c tc h
n in g u r e s ‘ H H O T K ya a’),
n in g u r e s
‘ H H ra e ’
H eon p ea eJ ieH H b iM
—
(a / p r a
a lg u re s
‘ r a e - jiH 6 o \
HapeMHa
K
B peM eH H .
H aH Ö ojiee
y n o T p e Ö H T e jib H b iM
HapenHHM
BpeM eHH o t h o c h t c h c a n d o ‘ K o r a a ’ , d a q u e la , e n t ö n |lT o r a a V s e m p r e ‘ B c e r a a ’,
nunca,
e n d e x a m ä is
‘ T en ep b ’,
‘ H H K o r a a ’,
n o u tr o r a
‘ b - ß b ijio e
x a ‘ y * e ’, a in d a ‘ e m e ’, d e c o t e
asem ade
agora
‘ ceH n ac’,
B p eM fl’,
a n te s
a re s to rä / d e s to ra / n e s to ra
‘ n p e*a e\
d e s p ö is
‘ o a H O B p e M e H H o ’, m e n tr e s / n a m e n t r e s / e n t r e m e n t r e s
H eM ’, c e d o
‘ p a H o ’, ta r d e
‘ n o3aB nepa\
m anä
‘ n o T O M ’,
‘ n a c T o ’ , l o g o , a x in a ‘ T y T 5Ke, H eM eaJieH H o’,
l n o 3 a H o ’, h o x e
l 3 a B T p a ’,
‘ T eM
B p eM e-
‘ c e r o a n n ’, o n t e ‘ B H epa’, a n t o n t e
tr a s a n to n te
‘ Tpn
ann
H a 3 a a ’,
p a s a d o m a fiä
‘ n o c jie 3 a B T p a \
A h o r a (b m c c t o
D a q u e la
h
e n tö n
agora)
h b jih c t c h
p a c n p o c T p a H e H H b iM
TaKHce jio r H H e c K o e
h m c io t
KacTHJiH3MOM.
3HaneHHe ‘ T o r a a ’,
‘ c jie a o -
B a T e j i b H o ’ . A s e m a d e (B a p u a H T b i a s o m a d e , a s o m a n t e s ) y n o T p e Ö J iH e T C H c o B p e -
MeHHblMH nHCaTejlHMH B 3H3HeHHH ‘ T 3 K )K e’, STHMOJIOTHHeCKH HCOÖOCHOBaHHOM.
K ojiH H ecTB eH H bie
HapeHHH.
O c H O B H b ie
K O JiH H ecT B eH H bie
H ape
HHH c j i e a y i o m H e : c a n t ä |‘ c K 0 J ib K 0 , H a c K O J ib K o ’ , t a n t o ‘ c T 0 J ib K 0 ’, ‘ H a c T o j i b K o ’ ,
m o ito
‘ M H o ro ,
‘ c jih u ik o m
H a M H o r o ’,
m h o t o ’, m o i
pouco
‘ M a j i o ’,
abondo
‘ oneH b
m h o f o ’, d e m ä i s
‘ o n e H b ’, m ä is ‘ ( e m e ) ö o j i b u j e , 6 o j i e e , e m e ’ , m e n o s
‘ M e H b m e , M e H e e ’, t a n ‘ T a K , H a c T o j i b K o ’ , s o m e n t e ( s ) ‘ T o j i b K o ’ . H a p e H H e s o i o
H M eeT
‘ T O J lb K O ’
H apenne
HBJlflHCb
H e C K O J Ib K O
ben
6 ojiee
m owct
(J )O H e T H H e C K H X
y n o T p e 6 jiH T b C H
p a3 rO BOpHblM
B a p H B II T O B :
b
H 3KCIipCCCHHHI.IM
m o i , m o i t o : 'q u d r o c h e b e n ‘ h o h ch b t c ö h
/s o ,
I s o lo ,
k ojih h cctbciih om
s o ilo .
3HaneHHH,
IKIIHHJIJICHTOM HapeHHH
j u o ß j n o ’ , Ic flo b en q u e f a c e r ‘ MHe
M H o r o H a a o c a e j i a T b ’; d i v i r t i u s e b e n ‘ 011 « a o p o H o i i o h c c c j i h j i c h ’; 6 b e n b o a
‘ o H a o n eH b a o 6 p a n ; c u p c flJ io r o M
de
UHio:
ym e
xa
t e f io
b en
deso
‘ y mchh
o ftp m y c i
iio jiiio
iin p i H i H B H y K )
iiiiih ';
KOHCTpyk-
r a p a z a s h a b ia b e n
d e la s n a fe s ta ‘ a e ß y u i e K 6 m j i o iio ji m o um i yjiNin.c' .
B
3HaneHHH
‘ noH TH ’
y n o T p c ß jiM io rc M
(JxipM i.i
o is c / c u a s e ,
c a s e m e n te /
3H3 h ch h h ‘ k u k 1 y n o i p c G jih c tc h b BOCKjiHHaT e jib H b ix BbiCKa3biBaHHHx: ic a s e m e d o i c s tc i l c d o ! ‘ k bk 6 o j i k t n a jie u !’ ;
cu a sem en te,
lo g o .
C ase
b
lic a s e ta r d a n o s r a p a c e s ! ‘ KaK a o j i r o He H a y T n a p iiH !'. B s t o h * e (J>yHKUHH
ynoTpeÖJiHeTCH c o m o : i c ö m o m e g u s ta n ! ‘ KaK o h h m iic H paBH Tcn!’ ; c p . T aK * e : i c ö m o e d e g r a n d e ? ‘ K a K o fi o h BejiHHHHU?’ .
128
B H ap eH H ofi <|)yHKUHH y n o T p e 6 ji»io T C H M ecTO H M eH H a n a d a ‘ HHCKOJibKO,
c o B c e M , BOBce H e’ h a l g o ‘ H e M H o ro , H ecK O JibK o’; n o n c h e q u e r o n a d a
‘ h cob-
ceM T e 6 a He jik > 6 jik >’ ; n o n e n a d a l e l o ‘ o h BOBce He r j i y n ’ ; a x u d a r e ic h e a lg o ‘ a
n o M o r y T e 6 e M yTb-M yTb’; e a lg o p a r v o ‘ o h HecKOJibKO T y n o B a T ’.
H apenH e
m ä is b 3HaneHHH ‘ e m e ’ y n o T p e 6 jia e T C H
n epe,n c y m e cT B H T ejib -
h u m h m ä is u n h a v e z ‘ e m e p a 3 ’ h b coM eTaHHHX m ä is a l g o ‘ e m e H ero-H H 6 y A b ’,
m ä is n a d a ‘ 6 o jib iu e H H H ero ’.
Hapenwe m e d io ‘ H a n o jio B H H y ’ , yn o T p e 6 n H K > m e ec H n p H r j ia r o jie , c u e A y e T
O TjiHHaTb o t M ecT O H M e H H o ro n p H jia r a T e jib H o r o m e d io , c o r jia c y io m e r o c H c
c ym e cT B H T ejib H b iM ; cp.: Ela m e d io se v o lv e u | p a r a ollälo ‘OHa o 6 e p H y jia c b ,
HTOÖbi B 3 m a H y T b Ha H e r o ’ h S o n m e d io s n o iv o s ‘ O h h y w e noHTH weH H X h
HeBecTa’ [C arballo Calero 1966, 248].
h jih
H ap eM H H ,
ig u a l,
m esm o
A a jie e
ben
‘ HH3K0,
‘ TaK w e, tb k h m
a
TaKw e
h
m e llo r
p a fl
‘ c n o K O H H o ’,
K a M ecT B eH
H eM H orn e
‘ K aK ’,
com o/com a
asi
‘ T a K ’,
‘ j i y n u i e ’, p e o r ‘ x y w e ’, d e s p a c i o
T p a H cn o H H p o B a H H b ix
n p H M a cT H H :
t h x o ’, r e g u l ä r ‘ T aK c e 6 e ,
quedo
rp yn n e
n p H H a / vie w a T
w e o 6 p a 3 0 M ’, a liä s ‘ H H a n e ’ (n o p T y r a jiH 3 M ),
u e jib iß
n p H J ia r a T e jib H b ix
‘ c H jib H o ’,
o ö lu h p h o h
a c h ctb h h ,
M ecTO H M eH H bie
‘ x o p o r n o ’ , m a l ‘ n j i o x o ’,
‘ M eAJieH H o’ ,
HapeMHH
o6pa3a
H apeM H H
HapeMHH:
n e p ß o o 6 p a 3 H b ie
K
H a p ern hh.
K anecTB eH H bie
H b ix
a lto
‘ b m coko,
c p e flH e ’, le n t o
j c la r o
‘ a c H o ’,
b
K a T ero p H K )
r p o M K o ’, b a i x o
‘ M e fljie H H o ’, f o r t e ,
x u s to
‘ T O M b-B -TO H b’,
rexo
s e g u id o
‘ ö e c n p e p b iB H o ’, v o l a d o ‘ ß b ic T p o , H a n e T y ’ .
O cH O B H yK )
ot
M accy
KaM ecTBeH H bix
n p n jia r a T e jib H b ix
‘ 6 b ic T p o ’ h T .fl.,
c
cytj).
B to m
HapeMHH
- m e n te :
o6pa3yK >T
d ific ilm e n t e
n p0H 3B0flH bie
‘ T p y A H o ’ , r a p id a m e n te
MHCjie M ecTO H M eH H bie HapenHH, n p n c y m n e p a 3 r o -
B o p H o fi peMH: o u t r a m e n t e ‘ HHaHe’, m e s m a m e n te ‘ T aK w e ’; o flH a K o He Bce
HapeMHH
Ha
- m e n te
r a d e ir a m e n te
‘b
h b jih io t c h
n o c jie flH e e
KaMecTBeHHbiMH:
s o m e n te
B p e M a ’ . C 20-x r o f lo ß
‘ T o jib K o ’, d e r -
X X b. nojiyMHJia p a c -
n p o c T p a H e H H e b J iH T ep a T yp e n p o c T o p e M H a a 4>opM a Ha -m e n te s : fa c ilm e n t e s
‘ ji e r K o ’, c r a r a m e n t e s ‘ h c h o ’ [ T a M w e , 175].
C p a B H H T e jib H a a
CTeneH b
HapeMHH,
3a
HCKjiioMeHHeM
m e llo r
h
p eor,
o 6 p a 3 y e T c a aH ajiH TH M ecKH c n o M o m b io HapeMHH m ä is h m e n o s : f i x o o m ä is b e n
c a ti ‘ o h 3 T0 c f le jia ji jiyM iu e T e 6 a ’ ; t r a b a lla m e n o s a fin c a d a m e n t e ‘ o h p a 6oTaeT
c
M eH b iiiH M
pB eH H eM 1.
Te
m o i:
m ä is lix e ir a m e n t e
a n d iv o
o
we
HapeMHa
B
H cn o jib 3 yioT C H
KOHCTpy k ljh h x
m e llo r
h peor
a 6 c0 J ii0 T H 0 H
c a p T H KJieM o
q u e p u id o ‘ o h
u ie ji
CTeneHH
h Ha pe M H e
KaK m o w h o
6 o jie e
H e cjib iu iH o ’ ; s in t o m e m o i m a l ‘ h M yBCTByio c e 6 a OMeHb n j i o x o ’. H c n o jib 3 y e T c a T a K w e cy<j>. - is im o (b coM eTaHHH c - m e n te ): p o r t ö u s e b r ila n tis im a m e n t e
‘ oh
6 jie c T a m e
npoaBHJi
CpUBHCHHH M o r y T
H M eTb
c e 6 a ’.
KpoM e
KaM ecTBeHHbix
KOJIHMeCTBeHHbie HapeMHa
H ap en n ft
CTeneHH
m o i t o , JpOUCO1 H pHA
upocTpaH CTBCH H bix h B p eM eH H bix HapeMHÜ: m ä is l o n x e ‘ o h w h b c t fla jib iu e ’;
chcg<Su t a r d is im o ‘ o h n p n u ie ji OMeHb n o3,zm o’; s a d e p o u q u is im o ‘ o h OMeHb
m b jio n iH C T '[T a M w e , 179, 180].
M o / ia ji b h h ic
H cn a iicK o H
k
Hape MHH.
B rajiHCHHC k o h
iiapcMHHM* TpaAHUHOHHO
othocht
rp a M M a T H K e
o 6 u iH p H b ifi
BCJiejt 3a
K p y r CJIOB,
o ß jia ;ia io iU H x c h iit b k c h m c c k o H c a M o c T O H T e jib H o c T b io b c o c T a ß e BbicKasbiBaHHa h M o;iH (})H H M pyK )in H x pauiH M H biM 0 ö p a 3 0 M e r o M O A aJib H u fi a cn eK T .
K
MO/lBJlbllhlM
p a w a io iim c
IiapcMHHM H IIUpCMlIblM OÖOpOTaM OTHOCHTCH CJ10BB, IM *
n p e ;u io jio w e iiH c :
q u i/ ä is ,
s eic a ,
ig u a l,
o
m esm o,
pode
»* r ,
se c a d r a ‘ m o h c c t ß b iT b ’; i g u a l v e n h o x e ‘ M o a c e T , o h n p H A e T c e r o f l H a ’; o m e s m o
non
Ile
p arece
ben
‘ H a B e p H o e , e M y He H p a B H T C « ’ . «fcopM a q u i z ä i s
CHHTa-
eTC » 6 o j i e e k h h h c h o h , n e M s e i c a : s e ic a ti s a b e s ‘ t u , H a B e p H o e , 3 H a e u ib ’ .
y c H j i e H H H y T B e p j K f l e H H H cjry McaT H a p e H H H si ‘ a a , B e A b ’ , si p o r c e r t o ,
a b o f e ‘ b caM O M flejie, a e ftc T B H T e jib H o ’. P
k
M o aa jib H b iM ;
H an ajie
hjih
‘ KO H e nH O ,
b
KanecTBe
4>pa3bi
h
3 a n « T o tt:
n a tu ra lm e n te
Bce
X iq u e r a
oßbiHHO
ohh
certa m en te,
‘ e c T e c T B e H H o ’,
othochtch
ctoht
KO H u e
b
seguram ente
d e sa fo rtu n ad am en te
1976, 264] .
B b icK a3 b iB an n e
‘ T O * e , T a K w e ’, x iq u e r a ‘ x o t h
H M eH H o’ .
H a p e H H H Ha - m e n t e
ha
cjiob
o t a c jih io t c h
HaBepHHKa\
‘ k H e cn a c T b K »’ [ F r e i r c
Mo,aH<|>HUHpyK>T
bboahmx
m o > k ct
b
u e jio M
T a K *e
n apen H «
6 b i’, M iio r o 3 H a m io e m e s m o ‘ A a w e ,
H M eTb
O T p H n a T C jib iio e
iiian eH H C
tarn en
KaK p a3,
‘A a *e
H e’:
x iq u e r a m e c o n t e s tö u ‘ o h A a w e M iie ne o t b c t h j i ’ .
K
O T p n u a T e jib H b iM
‘ to h h o
eT
H apen H H M
H eT’ t a m p o u c o ‘ T o w e
nocTaH O B K H
non
o th o c h tc h
non
*n eT ,
H e’, y iiO T p e 6 jie H H e
nepeA
rjia rojio M :
H e ’, n o n
ta m p o u c o
ta m p o u c o
non
o
p o r c e rto
He
HCKJiFona-
nego
‘h
T O *e
3TO TO He O T p n u a K )’ .
n P E ^ J io r H
r ip o c T b ie
en,
de,
n ep B oo6 p a 3 H b ie
‘a o \
c o n tra
‘ Ha,
H a A ’,
(d e )
a
TaKM ce
H anpoTH B ,
‘ n o A ’,
n p e A C T a B J ie H b i M H o ro 3 H a H H b iM H a,
desde/dende
a n te / p e ra n te
m h m o ’, c a n d a / c a n d ia
‘ 6 e 3 ’, s e g u n d o
‘ c o r jia c H O
‘ c,
k ’, e n t r e / a n t r e
‘ n e p e A ’.
o t ’, d e i c a ,
h a stra
( d e ) ‘ M e)K A y’ , s o b r e
tra s
‘ 3a ,
n o 3 a A H ’,
‘ oA H O B peM eH H O c , o k o j i o ’ , c a b o
‘ K p o M e ’, a p ö s ‘ 3 a , n o c j i e ’, f o r a
k ’, a g ä s
s in / s e n
‘ npoTH B ,
‘ o k o jio ,
n p e A J io r n
p o r,
s o b / s u / b a ix o
onde/onda
‘ y,
p ara/p ra,
con ,
‘ K p o M e ’ , m a l i a ‘ H e c M O T p n H a’ ,
n e M y - j i . ’ , s in t e
‘ 3a
H C K jiio H e H H e M ’ , x u n t a
‘ pH AO M c, o k o j i o ’.
P accM O T pH M
npeAJioroB
jiH u ib
H e K O T o p b ie
oco6eH H ocT H
yn oT p eÖ JieH H H
n p o c T b ix
rajiH CH H C K O M , He HMeH b o 3 m o >k h o c t h A a T b n o A p o Ö H o e o n H -
b
caH H e.
Ü p e A J io r
a b cbo6oah om
vou
ABHHceHHH:
jr o K a jiH 3 a u H H
ä c a n c e la
‘y
a h b jih c t c h
a
S a n tia g o
ynoTpe6jieH H H o 6 o 3 H a n a e T K O H c n n y K ) TO H K y
‘h
eAy
n e r o - j i .:
b 6 jih 3 h
b
C a H T b H ro ’;
ä p o r ta ‘ y
H 3peA K a
A B epw ’, 6
c jiy * H T
< lu m e
‘y
a jih
o n a r a ’,
K ajiH T K H ’ . B a w H e f iu ie ß cH H T aK O H H ccK ofl 4>yiiKHHeH n p e fljio ra
BBeACHHe n p H M oro AonojiHeHHH, c o o t i i o c h m o i o c oflym eB jieH -
HbiM o ö i e K T O M , h K o c B e m i o r o a o i i o j i i i c i i h h : v i n 11 X a n 11a r ü a ‘ h yBHACJi U ia H a
Ha
y j i H i t e ’; d d d c l l c
y n o T p e Ö J ie H H H
os
lib r o s
a
el
n p c/m o r a n x o a in
‘ o ta u H tc
n com m
kiihih
cM y\
B
h ccboöoah om
m i i o i o h h c j i c h h u x y c T O H H H B b ix
HapeHHblX H lip C A J IO N d ll.lX C O 'IC i aHHH l' llp O C rp a U C 'I B eH H b IM , BpeMeHHbIM H
npoHHMH 3HaHCHHHMH: ri m im
‘ h p y u i y i o ' ; i'i ilesh ora ‘ He BOBpeMH’, ä beira
d e ‘ H a K p a i o n e r o - j i ', rt c a b o «Ir ‘ 11 k o iiu c >iei o - j i ’.
Ü p e A J io r
en
b
n p o c T p u iic n ic iiiio M
u ia n eiiH H
cjiyacH T
a jih
ji0 K a jiH 3 a -
UHH BH yTpH h jih Ha n o B e p x u o r i ii >icro -ji.: na c a s a ‘ b A O M e’, n a m e s a ‘ b CTOjie,
Ha C T O jie’.
C
r jia r o jio M
ir ‘ h a i h , e x a T b ’ b 3 ji. n p e 3 e H c a h HM nepiJjeKTa
o 6 p a 3 y e T y c T o iiH H B o e c o n e T a H iic , b k o t o p o m
A B H *eH H H : v a i en V i g o
o 6 o 3 H a n a e T KOHeHHyK) TOHKy
‘ o h y e x a ji b B h t o ’ [S a n t a m a r in a
1975, 86] ;
D ona
G in e b r a ib a n o s b a fios q u e n t e s en l.u g o c o n M a n o e l i n a d e d o n c e la [C u n q u e ir o ,
5 8 ] ‘ flo H b H
cjiyacaH km’ .
130
X H H e 6 p a e3 A H Jia b ß a H io b J l y r o c M a H o a jiH H b e fi b K a n e c T B e
B aw H ofi
CHHTaKCHHecKOH
(J)y HKU Hef t
npeaaora
en
hb^hctch
BBeae-
HHe n p a M o r o a o n o j i H e H H H , c 0 0 T H 0 C H M 0 r 0 c o a y m e B J i e i i H b i M h j i h H e o a y i u e B -
M a jio
Y c jio b h h
0 6 i e K T 0 M.
neH H biM
H ccjiea oB aH b i.
CHHTaeT y n o T p e ß a e H H e e n
nas
süas
cbohx
en
b
3toH
h h tch ch b h octh
noKa
(jjy ii KU H H
Kajiepo [C arballo Culcro
n o K a 3 a T e jie M
o 6o *a e T
‘ oh
filla s
y n o T p e 6 ji e H H H
K apßaabo
P.
19 66 ,
jicH cirh h :
253]
adora
a o H e p e ii’. ß e fic T B H T e jib n o , h r e K c r a x
e n n a m e B c e r o y n o T p e ß jin e T C H n o c a e r j i a r o j i o B m a lla r , pegar, bater ‘ ßHTb,
home (Fsmorga,
K O J iO T H T b ’ : E d o s q u e se c e g a n c a n d o s e p o n a b a t e r n u n
‘ O h H3 T e x , k t o
24)
A
m u ller de
TepneT
R o m u a ld o
( C o u s a s , 9 7 ) ‘ )K eH a
ro jio ß y ,
m a lla b a
no
K oraa
hom e
H epK H yTb fljiH T ejibH O C T b fleficTBH H
estän
p la n ta n d o
nas
com a
malla
quen
fol |vello
nun
K o a o T H a a e r o T a K , KaK k o j i o t h t c r n p b i f t
P o M y a jib a a
6 y p A K )K ’. UI. I I o p T O X lan aH a b h ^ h t
th h :
npHHHMaeTCH ßH Tb h c j u i b c k « ’ ;
b
h jih
noKa3aTb
‘ ohh
patacas
en c p e a c T B O
noa-
aeHCTBHe b ero p a iR H -
c a w a io T
K a p T o ^ e j i b ’;
...a
vac«
b a ix ö u a testa e sigu eu c o m e n d o na h e rb a (C a s t e la o , 3 1 ) ‘ ...K o p o B a on y cT H jia
r o j i o B y h n p o f l O J D K a j i a i u n n a T b T p a B y ’ . I I p H HajiHMH H n e p i j j e K T H o f l (J)op Mi.i
B03HHKaeT 3 H a n e H H e H T e p a T H B H o c T H : p e t ö u n a p o r t a h a s t r a q u e se cansöu
6 h ji b a s e p b ,
‘ oh
HHe
en
b
stoh
\f05KH0 6 bIJI0
noKa
He
h b jih ctch
D apena
plantar
p.atacas
‘ca *aT b
p a ta c a s
as
K a p T o ^ e j i b ’,
1977,
Y n o T p eß jic-
r p a M M 3 T H KajIH 30B aH H 0T0 n p o -
c
(j)op M bi
plantar
aonoji-
aBHa ce HHH
J ie r K o
K a p T o tjje a b ’
‘ noca^HTb
K oraa
213].
p e ry jin p H b iM , H T o ß w
aocTaTOMHO
r O B O p H T b O B0 3 HH KH OB eH HH
THBonocTaBJieH H H
nas
He y c T a j i ’ [ P o r t o
(JiyHKUHH
n o M o m b io
—
H eH H » Bbip a*aFO T C H a c n e K T y a jib H b ie n p H 3 H aK H .
ü p efljio r
de
npn
o6o3HaneHHH
H a n ajib H ofl
toh kh
c o M e T a e T C » c a p y r H M H n p e f l j i o r a M H , j i o K a j i H 3 y i o m H M H 3 T y TOHKy: p i l l a r
de
en rib a d a
m e s a a l g o ‘ c x B a T H T b c o CTOJia m t o - j i . ’, s a i r d e e m b a i x o d a p o n t e ,
de
casa
tras a
y n oT peß jieH H H
hhh: —
D eix o u
H 3-n oa
nepea
MOCTa,
n p nM b iM
H 3- 3 a f l O M a ’ . C o x p a H a i o T c a
aonoaHeHHeM
b
caynan
napTHTHBHOM
3H a4e-
Q u e r e m o s q u e n o s d e a d a s ü a r iq u e z a , d i x o u n ( F o l k l o r e , 6 2 )
xoth m , h to 6 w
76)
‘ bm h th
de
Bbi y a e a n a w H a M n a c T b C B o e r o 6 o r a T C T B a , —
os pesos co n
‘ C n jibH O
fo n d o d o o r e tom ou
orop H H B iiiH C b,
oh
ocTaB H ji
‘ Mbi
CKa3aji o a h h ’;
d a s m ä is r u i s m o e d a s ( F o l k l o r e ,
neco
h b 3 h ji c a M b i e n j i o x H e m o -
n e T b i’.
üpeaaor
jio ry
b
a,
ho
para/pra
KaCTHJIbCKOM ( t o
‘ h eay
1966,
b n p 0 C T p a H C T B e H H 0 M 3H a n e H H H 3 K B H B a j i e H T e H n p e a -
yn oT peß jin eT C H
we
b r o p o a ’; v o lt ö u
254].
B 03 M 0)K H bi
c
rjiaro jia M H
H aß jiioaaeTC H
prä
casa
‘oh
coneTaHHH
aBH *eH H H
ropa3ao
b n op T y rajib C K O M ):
vou
nam e,
para
B ep H yjicn a o M o f i ’ [ C a r b a l l o
para
c n p efljio ra M H ,
w eM
a vila
C a le ro
ji0 K ajiH 3 yK >m H M H
K o i i e H H y K ) T O M K y a B H w e H H H : p a r a d e n t r o d e ‘ B H y T p b ’, p a r a f o r a d e ‘ H a p y w y ’ ,
p a r a d e b a i x o d e ‘ n o a h t o - j i ’, h a p . :
•••de a l i a p o u c o c h a m o u m e p r a d e n t r o
d a c a s a ( E s m o r g a , 3 3 ) ‘ . . . H e p e 3 H e K O T o p o e B p e M H O H a n o 3 B a a a MeH H b a o M ’ .
Ho
ii p c M e H H O M
3 H a w eH H H p a r a
o 6 o3H an aeT n p ea eji, a o
’i a n c p i i u i T b C H a e H C T B H e : p r a e s a h o r a e s t ö u
ta c ci.'
K O T o p o r o a on >K H O
a q u i ‘ k 3T O M y BpeMeHH h 6 y a y
M i a 6 c T p a K T H b i x 3HaneHHH B a w H e im iH M
hb /iactch
u ejieB oe: es tu d ia
p r a m r i l i i ' o ‘ o h y h h t c h Ha B p a n a ’.
H p cju im
por
b
npocTpaH CTBeH H O M
({tyilKilini:
I)
o fio iH a n a e T
acjicin ioll
n oK ajiiu a u H H .
nyTb
3H a H e H H H
aBHweHHH;
B o6 ohx
c a p y iiiM ii iip o c ip a iicm e H H b iM H
HM eeT
ane
o ch o b iii.ic
2 ) y noT peÖ JifleT C H a a «
Hconpc-
3HaneHHHX o h m o > k c t B C Tyn aTh n c » H H t
n p e a - n o r a M H , o 6 p a 3 y n n p e a - n o w n b i e C0 M9 *
Ilt
TaHH«,
b
KOTOpblX K a »A b ifi npeAJior c o x p a H a e T c B o e 3HaneHHe: p o r d ian te
de, p o r fo r a de, p o r (e n )r ib a de, p o r en tre, p o r (e m )b a ix o d e, p o r d e b a ix o
de, p o r tras (d e ); S a lto por\riba do fo g o de San X o a n , p ra qu e m e n o n m o rd a
nin c o b r a nin can (R e fr ä n s , 2 2 1 ) ‘ B ÜBaHOB AeHb a n p b ira io nepe3 KOCTep,
h to 6 w
MeHfl He yKycHJia
hh
3Mea,
hh
co6 a ica ’; A xen te sentäbase pola plaza,
c o m o c a n d o as c o m e d ia s (C a s a re s , 1 9 ) ‘ J I jo ah paccawH B ajincb Ha n jio n ia nn KaK bo BpeMa npeflCTaBjieHHH’; O s m o u ro s v iv en n o castro p or
baixo da terra (F o lk lo r e , 4 7 ) ‘ M a ß p b i »H B y T b KpenocTH, n o A 3eMJieH’;
sem p re h a bia un ra b a n o d e nen os p o r onda et ‘ B oicpyr H ero B ceraa 6bijia
CTafiKa A eT eü ’ [S a n ta m a r in a 1 9 7 5 , 86]. K a K 3t o n p o n cxo A H T b n op T yrajibCKOM, p o r momcct ji0KajiH30BaTb nyTb a b h ä c h h a b 6 jih 3h K oro-Jin 6o
hjih
Mero-JiH6o: P asöu p o r min o m eu m o z o e n o n me q u ix o fa la re ‘ ü p o m e ji
MeHa
mhmo
le r o
moü
1966,
napeHb
Eu
2 5 4 ];
h
non
He 3 a x o T e j i roB opH Tb c o
teR o
m agoa
do
p ic a r ifto
m h o H’
[C a r b a llo C a
m ira
que
con
o llo s
e n c a lm a d o s de b o i c a n d o os a u t o m ö v i l e s ipasan pola sua p orta (C o u s a s , 4 9 )
‘ M H e He »cajib M ajiw u ia , KOTopwü cnoKoiiHbiM H, cjiobho y B ojia, rjia3aMH CMOTpHT Ha aBTOMOÖHJIH, npOHOCaiAHeCfl MHMO e r o AB epn’. B 3TOM
cjiyn a e
b o 3M ohcho
p o r c a n d ia ‘ o k o j io ,
y n oT p e6 jieH H e
m h m o ’:
npeAJioaceHHbix coneTaHHÖ
por
p asöu p o r o n d a / c a n d ia m in ‘ o h n p o u ie ji
MeHfl’.
on d a,
mhmo
.
HanajibHbiH n peA eJ i
abhhcchhh hjih H an ajibH biH m o m c h t BpeM eH H o 6 o 3 H a -
naeTC fl cHHOHHMHHHbiMH $ o p M a M H d e n d e (s )/ d e s d e ‘ c, o t ’. K o H e n H b iH npe-
A ejI A B H *e H H a HJIH KOHeHHblH MOMeHT BpeM eH H BbipaHtaeTCH pflAOM (J)0PM,
c o o T B e T C T B y io m H x
asta,
fa s tr a ,
fa s ta ,
ncn.
H3
<}>opMa a s tr a , H H o ra a
b a llo
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eu n o n v e x o t a m p o u c o ; t a m p o u c o (n o n ) v c x o ‘ h T o w e He B H * y ’ [T a M * e , 8 1).
B
pa 3 roB op H oß
O T p H q a H H »;
b
penn
y n o T p e fijia io T C »
n o3 H U H H
c y ß ie K T a :
non
p a w iH H H b ie
pasöu
un
H H T e H C H «j)H K a T o p b i
a lm a
t r is te
‘hh
xchboü
a y i i i H H e 6 w j i o ’; c h o v e u h o s t i a s ‘ h h K a n e jih K H jio w / ih He B b i n a j i o ’ ; b n o 3 H U H H
n p aM oro
d eron
/ jo n o jiH e H H a :
m erd a
non
p rob öu
(h o s tia s , c e n t e lla s ,
n a r ic e s , a g a n a ) ‘ h h
nepTa
He
g o ta
p u f le t a s ,
nann';
‘ iih
K a n e jib K H
ora ,
o
b iio ih u h h
nabo,
H e n o n p o ß o B a j i ’;
o
c a r a llo ,
o
p ix o ,
o ö c T o a T e jib C T B a : e s e n o n
v o l v e n a v i d a ‘ s t o t h h b K H 3 H b H e b c p h c t c m '; n a in irta v i d a c o u s a t a l v i n ‘ b hch3* e , 80, 8 1].
h h H e B H fla ji T a K o r o ’ [ T a M
H a p H A y c 3THM H a ß j i i o f l a e T c a
flaT O H H bix
flo n o jiH H T e jib H b ix
s K c n j i e i H i t H o e y n o T p e 6 jieH H e n o n b n p n -
m a io jio ii
n o c jie
h
c o n e T a H H ii
c o 3 H a n e H H e M ‘ ß o a T b c a ’ : t e f i o m e d o n o n v a iu c h c g ä - l o a m o ‘ 6 o i o c b , K a K 6 b i
6 o * 6 e H a ß jiK v ia c T c x n o c tn o 3 H U H » sK cn jieT H B -
X03HHH He n p H iu e ji’. I I p H
H o ro
non
no
3 b iB a H H a :
o th o u ic h h io
o
non
le v e m e
k C K a3 yeM O M y
dem o
6yK B.
; ijih
H in e H C H tjjH K a u H H
B b ic K a -
m ciih jib a B o jT ; p ä r t i a m e n o n
‘ yuecH
u n r a i o ‘ p a 3 p a 3 H M eH a r p o M ’.
3M<})aTHHecKafl
ckom ,
b
KO H CTpyKU H «
H oe” : o
bo
x o i i c r p y K i i n a . K a K H -B H cn a H -
arpHÖyTHBHaii
» 3 b iK e
rajiHCHÜCKOM
’»M<JjitTHHccKaa a T p H 6 yTHBHaa
cym ecT ayer
” n p H ^ a r a T e j ib H o e / c y iu c c T » H T e j i i.H o c I d e + c y m e c T B H T e j i b -
do
crego
‘A oßpaK
n o n ’, a
le r c h «
du
ra p a / .a ‘ ö o jiT jiH B a a a e B -
HOHKa’, o p a r v o d e X a n ‘ a y p a i c IlIa H ’ , u n l a d r 6 n d u n x u n t r c ‘ B o p io r a n o p T H o ö ’,
un
e n lle v o
de
KOHCTpyK U H H
hmmh
m u l l e r ‘ B O C X H T H T ejib H aa w c i u u h h h '.
M o ryT
o n p e a e j iH T b c a
M m c h h u c n jie H b i s t o h
y K a ia r c jim ii.iM ii
h jih
H e o iip e fle jie H -
M ecTO H M eH H biM H n p H jia ra T C jib H H M H : ix te n o x o d ia t e h o m e ‘ s t o t 3 a -
H y ^ a ’, a l g ü n
d em o
d e a lg ü n
ra p a z
‘ n p o cro
H c p r e iio ic , a h c M ajibH H H iK a’ ;
a q u e l s a n t if t o d e r e i ( D i e s t e , 1 0 1 ) ‘ s t o t c b h t o A K o p o J ik '; i n c d i u f i o d o i n t d r p r e t e
( D ie s te ,
10 0 ) ‘ s t o t
X IX — X X
C a le r o
bb.
nepTO B n ep eB O flH H K ’. B
3Ta
K O H C Tpy k h h »
T o jib K o
jiH TepaType
y n o rpcftH TCJibiia
[ C a r b a llo
1 9 6 6 , 1 9 7 — 1 9 9 ].
” IIp e A J io 5 K H o e ”
ß jie M a
x y ; i o * e i iiic h h o H
u iH p 0 K 0
n p H M o e
p a S rp a H H H C H H R
b
c jiy n a e
r ip H M O l'0
jioiiojiiiciihc
H
IIc jih b H en aH eK O M n p o
K O C N C IIIIO IO
iip c ;u io r u
u
JlOIIOJIHeHHH
n c p e fl
h m ch cm
B 03H H K aeT
J in u a , t o
b
ra jiH C H H C K O M n ojio>K C H H C c j i o x o i c c , n o c K o j i b K y b o m h o t h x c j i y n a a x H a ß j i i o A a iO T c a
K O jie 6 a H H *i
y n o T p e ß jie H H e M
M o ryT
M O K /ty
y n o T p e ß jis T b c a
T y a jib H a »
c
n p e / iJ io io M
xapaK Tepn cTH K a
K a K H e flo C T H r u ie e C B o e r o
hoü
4 > °P M e ; c p "
ß c c n p c fljio w H b iM
B B e/jeH H eM
.q o n o jiH e H H a
h
n p e a J io r o B e n , d e , c o n , p o r . M H o r n e n e p e x o f l H b i e r j i a r o j i b i
segaron
n p e jic jia ,
o
en ;
pan
fiavKe
‘ c w a jiH
npH
sto m
a c h c tb h h ,
e c jiH
H 3M eH aeT ca
KO Topoe
r jia r o ji c t o h t
x jie ß a ’, h o
segaron
acneK -
m w c jih t c h
b n e p ijje K T -
n o p a n ‘ a ca jiH
x j i e ß a ’ ( H e K Q T o p o e B p e M a , h o H e o k o h h h j i h xcaTB y). H e B 0 3 M 0 x c H b i nep(J>eK -
136
TH B H b ie
en
nepH())paib[ n p H y n o T p e ß j i e n H H c n : *tiftun no pan segado. H a jiH H H e
npHMbiM xionojiHeHHeM m o * c t n i . n i i u n . iic o ß x o a H M O C T b H3-
nepea
M e H H T b n p e a - n o w H o e o ij)o p M J ie H H e
fl B y x
en :
ce sto
‘ oh
j if l T b c a
apaftaba
coßHpaji
TaKw e
nepea
KO M M yTH poB aTb
jio r a ,
HJIH
K o ra a
k o c b c h h o i o b o H iß c N c a im c n o B T o p e H H »
patacas nun c e s t o — apafluba nun p u t iic a s pra un
K a p T o ^ e j i b b Kop3HHy’. n p e a J i o r e n m om cct y n o T p e ß as
He
npaM oe
n p a M b iM
T o jib K o
c
a o n o jiH e H H e M
n p e a J io r o M
a o n o jiH e H H e
—
jih u o
a,
—
ho
—
jih u o m ,
h c
OT e r o O a y m e B J ie H H O C T H KU K
0Öpa30M, n p a M o e a o n o jiH e H H e — jihuo — m
T p o»K o: abrazä-lo n e n o , abrazar 0 neno, abrazar n o
MbICJIHTCH
B O TB JieH eH H H
M a T b , oÖ H H Tb p e 6 e H K a ’ . IIp H c y T C T B H e h jih
011
M ow eT
n p ca-
He HHAHBHayujm iH p y c T c a
n peaM eT. TaK H M
jiflT b C H
174c
O T c y T C iB H C M
IICH K TH B IIblft
o w c t oi|>opM neno
‘ oGiih-
O T e y T e T B H e npeanoroB b t t o H
« B J ia e T c a <j>aKTOM r j i a r o j i b H o r o y n p a B J ie H H a . Il03T0My ccjih
npaM oro a o n o jiH e H H a c H H T a T b h h c t o (J > o p M a jib H o fl K U T e r o p H c fl,
a J ia rajiHCHHCKoro ee H y»H o o n p e a e J i a T b He TojibKo no npH3HaKy OTcyTcrBHfl npeanora, h o h no npH3HaKy h 3 jih h h h n p e a J i o r o B a h en, ecjiH o h h iic
no3H U H H
He
K a T e r o p n io
H B J iaioTC fl (})a K T O M r j i a r o j i b H o r o y n p a B J ie H H H h o
jio r
de b napTHTHBHOM
CM M CJie
6 y c jiO B jieH b i x a p a K T e p o M
T aK *e h n p c a (cm. pa3aeji o npea-norax) MoaceT o(J)opM-
n p a M o r o a o n o jiH e H H H h a c n e K T O M
r j i a r o j i b H o r o a e fic T B H H .
jiH T b n p a M o e a o n o jiH e H H e .
H hoh cjiynaü npeacTaßjiaeT OTeyTeTBHe hjih npncyTCTBHe npeaJioroB
de h con nepea aonojiHeHHeM nocjie HeK0T0pwx rjiarojioB : coller (d e )
caiada *B3HTb n o c o x ’, cuidar (d e ) os pais *3a6oTHTbca o poaH Tejiax’,
manter (d e ) os fillos ‘ coaepw aTb aeTen’; tira (c o n ) eso ‘ Bbi6pocb s t o ’;
colleu cä/a cesta prä casa ‘ oh b 3hji Kop3HHy aoM oft’; atopei con el/atopeino no cam in ‘ a bctpcthji ero no a o p o r e ’. 3aecb m m HMeeM aejio c hhcto
(JiopMajibHbiM BapbHpoBaHHeM, He conpoBowaaiomHMCH ceMaHTHHecKHMH
pa3JiHHHHMH. B a p y rn x cjiynaax, HanpHMep c npeaJioraMH con h p o r ,
M oryT HaönioaaTbCH H3MeHeHH» b jickchhcckom 3HaneHHH rjiarojioB:
acaböu a casa ‘ oh 3ukohhhji (cTpoHTb) aoM ’, acaböu cä casa ‘ oh p a 3 op n ji
a o M ’; cham ar a alguen l3BaTb K oro-ji.’, cham ar por-alguen ‘ rpoMKO 3BaTb,
OKjiHKaTb’. O anaK o h TaM h 3aecb OTeyTeTBHe hjih HajiHHHe npeaJioroB
HBjifleTCH 4>aKTOM rjiarojib H oro ynpaBJieHHH, h 3th cjiynaH He a o ji»H b i
CMeuiHBaTbCfl c ynoTpe6neHHeM npeaJioroB a, de h en He3aBHCHMO o t
jieKCHHecKoro 3HaneHHH rjiarojia.
H e K O T o p b i e 0 C 0 6 e H H 0 CTH c j i o i h o t o npe a - r c o we HHa . P « a
npnaaTOHHbix HMewT b KanecTBe CHHTaKCHnecKHX chhohhm ob KOHCTpyKUhh c repyHaneM hjih hhiJjh h h th b o m . TaK, npHaaTOHHbie BpeMeHH c coK)3HbiMH peneHHHMH ö que, axina que ‘ KaK TojibK o’ M oryT 3aMeHHTbca
KOHCTpyKi^Hefi 6 m ism o + in finitivo: ö m ism o chegares, escribe ‘ KaK TOJlbKO
npHeaeuib, Hannum’. IIpHaaTOHHbie BpeMeHH c cok >30m mentres ‘ n o K a ’
MoryT 3aMeHHTbca repyHaneM: non se che ocurra m archar chovendo
‘ He B3ayMaß yxoaHTb, noKa HaeT a o w a i»’- KoHcrpyKUHa en + xerundio
3KBHBajieHTHa npnaaTOHHOMy c despöis que ‘ nocjie T o ro KaK’: en m orrendo
cebada ö rabo (nocjioBHiia) ‘ KaK MepTBOMy npHnapKH’.
KoncTpyKi;HH c repyHaneM M oryT ßbiTb TaKwe SKBHBajieHTHbi npnaaTOHHOMy npHHHHbi: ch oven do asi non salio ‘ pa3 HaeT TaKoft aow ab, * ne
n oflay’; TaKwe npnaaTOHHOMy ycji0BH0My: m orrendo non arreglas nada
‘ ccjih y M p e u i b , aeJi He nonpaBHUib’ h npnaaTOHHOMy ycTynHTejibHOMy:
137
(x e r u n d io + e
to d o ):
choven do
e
to d o
a treveu se
a
m a rch a r
‘ xoth
m en
floacflb, o h peuiHJica n o e x a T b ’ [S a n ta m a r in a 1975, 9 9 — 1061.
y c jiO B H b ifi
m osa,
6bi
nepH O A
n a id e
Teöe
He
M O *eT
en vexa
che
3 a B H A O B a n ’;
6 b iT b
t e r ia
s to
‘ He
6 e c c o K )3 H b iM :
non
tw
TaK
6 b ijia
6w
P.
nocTpoeH H e
H K ) 60 nbITH 0 H
jie
n p H fle T
m aB H oro
h
—
v e n h o x e o m e u irm a n ,
6 p a T ’, r,ge c o i d o q u e
m oh
K a jie p o
fe r -
hi k t o
cn m aeT
1966, 256].
npn aaT O H H oro
c o i d a r ‘ a y M a T b ’, ‘ n o jia r a T b ’
o m e u irm a n
ta n
0C06 eHH 0 CTbK) pa3rOBOpHOH peMH HBJIHCTCH H H B epTH po-
n o jio * e H H e
M bicjiH
ti
KpacH B a,
K a p ö a jib o
T H n H H H b iM f l j i a rajiH C H H C K o r o [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o
B aH H oe
fo r a s
b
npejuiOHceHHH npH n ria ro -
rjiaB H O M : c o i d o
c o id o q u e
(|)aKTHHeckh
qu e ven
hoxe
' ß y M a i o , mto cero/jHH
n p e B p a T H jio c b
b M O fla jib -
H o e HapeHHe [ C a r b a l l o C a l e r o 1966, 256],
HTaK,
Mbi
coBpeM eHHoro
a a jiH
KpaTKoe
ra jm cn ficK oro
onncaHHe
»3 b iK a ,
rpaM MaTHHecKHx
n o flH ep K H B a a e r o
p e M e H H o r o H e n a H e K o r o J i H T e p a T y p H o r o H3bixa.
K AHaXpOHHH,
HHTejlbHbie
CHHT3KCHC
6 b> Mbi o 6 p a T H jm c b
TO yBHflejIH 6 bl, HTO MHOTHe OCOßeHHOCTH COBpeMeHHOTO
rajiHCHHCKoro H3biKa
COXpaHHKJTCH
E cjjh
0C06 eHH 0CTefi
o t j ih h h h o t co b -
MHOTHe
pa3JIHHHH
6 b ijm npHc yiim eTap oHenaHeKOM y; b rajiHCHHCKOM
HepTbl,
HCHe3HyBlHHe
HaÖJIIOAaiOTCH
060 HX H3bIKOB eflHH
B
B HCnaHCKOM,
MOp(J)OJ!OrHH,
B CBOefi OCHOBe.
B TO
npHH eM
3Ha-
BpeMH
KaK
8
r j i a B a
O E m A f l X A P AK TE PH C TH K A
JIEKCHHECKOrO COCTABA
COBPEMEHHOrO r A J I M C H f l C K O R ) A 3 bIKA
H Ü P O E J l E M b l rA JI HC HP lC K Oß JlEKCHKOrPA<DHH
fla T b
caM
h to
b
H eM
j iH T e p a T y p H b iH
f l e ß c T B y K )T
A J ia
h to
xapaK TepH C TH K y
o 6 m y io
J iH T e p a T y p H o ro
He
TO JIbKO
Mop4>onorHHecKHX
p a 3 fle jia x .
,Q ,ejio
H3bIK,
to m
H a x o f lH T c a
,
T e H fle H U H H .
M
H3
M H O rO H H C JieH H blX
c jio B a ,
o
flH a n e K T b i
hto
neM
KO Topoe
(j)O H eTH H eC KH X
penb
,
h
H
n p e A b ifly m H X
b
n H T a f o m n e jiH T e p a T y p -
ro ß o p u ,
h
H 3 o 6 H J iH e ” ,
u u ia
o
t o io
y T B e p w / ia n .,
omcho
” jie K C H H e c K o e
HaJIHHHa
H 3-3a
c T a H O B jie iiH a
n p ou ecce
b
c o B p c M c im o i
T p y jjH O
xapaK TepH O
B apnaH TO B
b
cocTaß a
n p e3 B b iH a H H O
p a 3 H o p o ß H b ie
npOHCTeKaeT
H b lfi
H3biK
oneH b
J ie K C H H e c K o r o
»3 b iK a
He3H aH H TejlbH 0 B ÖÖJiaCTH (J>OHeTHKH H r p a M M B -
pa3JlH H aflCb
THKH, A 3 JOT T aK O e OÖHJIHe JieKCHHeCKHX eflHHHU,
HaÖTH b K aK 0 M -jiH 6 0 A p y r o M
KaKOe
B p a fl JIH MOMCHO
p erH O H e n n p e H e f lc K o r o n o n y o c T p o B a . Be/ih
rajIHCHHCKHe A H a jieK T b l B OTJIHHHe OT KaCTHJlbC k h x p a 3BHBajlHCb b o t h o CHTejIbHO CnOKOHHOH COIJHajIbHO-nOJIHTHHeC KOH H fleMOrpa(J>HHeCKOÜ
B/iajlH
C T3 H O B K e,
THeM
OT
P e K O H K H C T b i;
jiaTbiH H
H a p o flH o ß
flaH H O M
b
HBJIHfOTCH aBTOXTOHHbIM
OHH
p erH O H e,
B TO
BpeMH
06 -
p33B H -
B 6 o jIb -
KaK
uiHHCTBe f l p y r n x paHOHOB Ü H p e H e f t c K o r o n o n y o c T p o B a c o B p e M e H H b ie A H a
HBJiflK)Tca p e 3 y jib T a T 0 M
jie K T b l
npou eccoB
K0 Ji0 HH3auHH
b snoxy
PeKO H -
k h c T b i. B b ic o K a a C TeneH b o c e fljio c T H H acejieH H a , p a c n b i j i e H H o r o n o He6 o jib -
cejieH H H M h x y T o p a M
u ih m
b r o p H C T o fi M eeT H oeT H
h Ha n o G e p e a c b e , c n o -
c o 6 c T B 0 BajiH c o x p a H e H H K ) 0 r p 0 M H0 H M a c c b i c j i o b , 0 6 p a 3 0 BaHHbix Ha 6 a 3 e
jia T H H C K o ro jie K C H H e c K o ro
HTO
KOJIHHeCTBO
neM
6 o jib m e ,
[ G a r c ia
jia ,
de
CJIOB,
y
cj>OHAa. £ m e ß
KOTOpbIM
K p ecTbH H H H a
D ie g o
c o 6 p a H H o ro
1979].
H3
H 3yn eH H e
rajiHCHHCKHMH
T a p c n a jje f l n e r o
B JiafleeT
y T B e p * a a ji,
rajiHCHHCKHH
J iio ö o r o
A p yroro
o ö u iH p H o r o
paßoH a
H cn aH H H
JieK C H H ecK oro
M aT epn a-
A H a jieK T O J ioraM H ,
He n p eyß ejiH H eH H e. JJocTaTOHHO y K a 3a T b , h t o
KpeCTbflHHH,
n o K a 3biBaeT,
h to
3t o
HaHMeHOBaHHH O T A e jib H b ix
n p e flC T a B W T e jie ft M o p c K O H h H a 3 eM H O H (jjjio p b i h <{)ayH bi A O C T H r a io T HecK O jibkhx
A ec H T K O B ,
AH ajieK TO JiorH H
o
6 H T a T e jie fi
H e
a
to
H M eeT
jio iih iim
3 1 KK3
m iM o h ,
1I 1 I M O I I
KiDKuoi-
coTeH
06
eflH H H i;.
ce6e
p a B H b ix
no
TO ,
HTO
c jiy n a H H o
Ha
h
H acen eH H a
flOJHO
—
rajiHCHHCKofi
b
H ayK e
o
H a 3 B a H H flx
H a y K e o H a 3 B a H H a x nTH ij h t . a .
6 o ra T C T B y
p a c n b ijie H H O C T b
C JieflC TB H eM
He
h x t h o j i h h t b h c t h Ke
M o p a , r iT e p o jiH H r B H C T H K e —
B b im e y n o M a H y T a a
H M eeT
h
roB op a T
r a jiH c n fic K a a
no
r ajiH C H H
TonoH H M H a.
H e ö o ji b u i H M
npH XO AH TCa
c e jie H H a M
o k o jio
11 0 -
n a c e jie H H b ix n y H K T O B , 3 a p e r H C T p n p o B a H H b ix b H c n a H H H , a h m c i i i i o
m
63613.
h to
0(J)H U H ajib H o
c o c T a B jia e T
H i n a tlH H .
vp oH H m c,
H o
o f lH y
3 a p e rH C T p n p o B a H o
TpeTb
B cex
6 o jie e
33 T b ic .
3 a p e r H C T p n p o B a H H b ix
to iio to iio -
B r ajiH C H H H p e 3 B b I H a f i H O p a 3 B H T a M H K p O T O IlO H H M H N ;
K a>K A oe
y r o flb e
H M eeT
cB oe
H a H M eH O B a H H e,
ih w o m v
o6mee hhcjio to iio h h m o b nepeBajiHJio 3a 3 mjih . X oth 6ojibiuaH HacTb
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n p e ^ M e T b i:
p ila , lla d r illo ,
b o m b illa , s e r v ille ta , c a r r e t illa , t o r t illa , b o c a d i l l o , a c e r a [In s t it u t o . .. , 1980, 9 ].
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accoun au H H
[ A s o c ia c iö n ...
198 0 ,
19 — 2 1].
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B .y n 0 M H H y T 0 M
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<j>opMy,
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em e
n p e o 6 jia fla e T
c jio B a
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C T ajiH
c
2 4 4 — 2 5 4 ].
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[ C a r b a llo
o t h o ih c h h h
b
"H obw x
B 0 3 p o * f le H H a
C a le r o
ija p H T
1971,
n o jiH b ifl
p a 3 H o 6 o f l , c o c y m e c T B y i o T (J)opM bi - b i e , - b r e , - b e i , - v e l , - b e l e .
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cy4><J)HKCOB
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Cy(j)(J)HKCbi
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1976,
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im p o r ta n c ia ,
6 1].
-s iö n
H e p e flK O
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h rajiH C H ftcK H e ß H a jie K T b i p a 3 fle jiH T b H e B O 3 M 0 » H o : <}>opMbi c h o t o m h 6 e 3
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KaK
b
rajiH C H Ü C K O M ,
c h h t3 K )t h c k o h h w m
T a K h b KacTHJibH a3BaH H eM CTpaHbi
141
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B M ecTO
H o p M a T H B H b ix
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b
—
—
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n e u r o s e , a n ä lis e ,
B pam aeTca
b
[A s o c ia c iö n
m o v im e n to ,
K y jib T H 3 M a x
b
<J>opMy
e lip s e , tese .
b
-o :
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H M eeT
s e n t im e n t o ,
AH<}>TOHra
a c o n t e c im e n t o .
c y m e c T B H T e jib H b ix
- it e ,
-te ,
-o s e,
J la T H H C K o e
c a cto ,
Cy<j>(j>HKC o t -
a m b ie n t e .
H ao6o p o T ,
-ITIS, -TIS, -OSIS, -SIS
K y jib T H 3 M a x
b r o n q u ite ,
c o n s c ie n t e ,
-m e n to ,
K aeTH jibeK oro:
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Cy<})<)>HKCbi
poâ
c o n v e n ie n t e ,
c y m e c T B H T e jib H b ix
e s p ir it o ,
-s e :
w eH C K oro
a p e n d ic it e ,
-US
O K O H n aH H e
tr ib o ,
im p e to ,
npe-
re fe r e n to
1980, 2 1 ].
n p o H B J iH e T C « He TO JlbK O b o r 6 o p e
C T p e M J ie H H e k ra jiH C H 3 a u H H j i c k c h k h
BapnaHTOB cji0B006pa30BaTejibHbix
s jic m c h t o b ,
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1981,
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o 6 H J lH e CHH OHHM HHHblX
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‘ 6 e r o M ’,
peM HHM
HapeHHHM
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1977,
142
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KOJiHHecTBeHHbiM,
p ou q u in o
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Dapena
l i x o o m e s m i f l o ‘ CAenaji
1966, 104); d e ic a l o g u i f t
x c p c j i y i u i i i KauHeii
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AAH H 3JI
M AH Y3JI
K A C T E J IA O
( 1 8 8 6 — 195 0)
ALFO NSO
D A N IE L
M ANUEL
CASTELAO
CO USA S'
Si eu fose autor escribiria
duraria dez minutos nada mäis.
unha
peza
en
dous
lances.
A
obriria
. Lance prim eiro
t
-
1
2
Erguese o pano e aparece unha corte aldeän. Enriba d o estrume
hai unha vaca m orta. A o redor da vaca hai unha vella vellina,
unha m uller avellentada, unha m oza garrida,
Idüas rapacifias bonitas, un vello petrucio3 e tres nenos lo iro s4. T o d o s choran a fio 5
e enxoitan6 os ollos coas mans. T o d o s fan o prunto7 e din cousas
tristes que fan rir, ditos paifocos* de xentex lnbrcgas, angurentas9
e cob izosa s10, que pensan que u morte dunhu vaca £ unha gran
disgracia. O pranto debe ter unhn
grucia c h o q u eira " para que estoupen12 de risa os d o patio de butacas.
E cando se fartan de rir os sefloritox buixarA o pano.
(
Lance segundo
Erguese o pano e aparece un
estrado elegante, ad o b ia d o 13 con
m oito seflorio. Enriba dunha mesa de p6s
ferrados de bronce, hai
unha bandexa de prata, enriba da bandexa hai unha alm ofada de
dam asco, enriba da alm ofad a hai unha cadeliA a14 morta. A cadela
'C a s te la o . C o u i a s / E d . G a la x ia . V ig o , 1979. P. 50— 51, 5 5 — 56.
148
morta semellarä unha fo le rp a 5 de neve. A o seu redor chora unha
fidalgona e düas fidalguiflas n ovas16. T od a s elas fan o pranto e
enxoitan as bägoas17 con paninos de encaixe. T od a s van dicindo,
unha a unha, as mesmas parvadas18 que dixeron os labregos diante
da vaca m orta, ditos tristes que fan rir, porqu e a morte dunha
cadela non 6 para tanto.
E cando a xente d o g a llifieiro se farte de rir a cachön19, baixarä o pano m oi a m o d ifio 20.
Chegöu das Am 6ricas un hom e rico e trou xo consigo un negriflo
cubano, com a quen trai unha m ona, un papagaio, un
fo n d grafo...
O negriflo fo i m edrando21 na aldea, onde deprendeu a falar con
enxebreza22, a puntear muifieiras23, a b ota r aturuxos24 abrouxadores25.
U n dia morrfeu o hom e rico e Panchito trocöu 26 de am o para
ganar o pan. C o tem po flxose m ozo com p rid o27, sen mäis chatas28 que
a süa c o o r29... A in d a que era negro com a o pote, tifia gracia
d ab on d o30 para facerse querer de todos. E ndom in gado, con un caravel enriba da orella e unha p on la31 de m alva na chaqueta, parescia talm ente un m ozo das festas.
Unha noite de estrelas xurdeu32 no seu m axin33 a idea de sair
p o lo m undo ä cata de34 riquezas. Tamfen Pan ch ito sintfeu, com o
todos os m ozos da aldea, os anceios35 de em igrar. E unha mafiän
de m oita tristura gab eöu 36 polas escaleiras dun trasatläntico.
Panchito ia cam iflo de H abana e os seus ollos m ollados e brilantes esculcaban no m ar as terras deixadas pola popa.
Nunha rüa da H abana o negro Panchito tropezöu cun home
da süa aldea e confesöulle saloucando37:
— A i, eu non. me a fa g o 38 nesta terra de tanto sol; eu non
me afago con esta xente.,i Eu m o rro ! ,
Panchito retornöu ä aldea. C hegöu probe e endeble; pero trouxo
m oita fartura no corazön. Tarnen trouxo un som breiro de palla
e mäis un traxe branco...
'e n r ib a d e
p re p H a , H a ß
vi p a c T H
21 m e d r a r
2es tru m e
m H aB 03
12e n x e b r e z a / M H C T O T a
’ p e tr u c io
m r jia B a c e M b H
23 m u i f i e i r a / M y H H b e ü p a (r a jiH C H Ü C K H f i
' l o i r o ad x 6 e j i o K y p u M
a
Ho
p ra n to
24a t u r u x o
vi B b i T H p a T b
‘ e n x o ita r
m n jia n
" m i i l i i r r n l o <«/< n y x c A a i o i U H H c i i
" 'n i b U i u o
ut!\ it jiM iik itt
" i h iM | M d i(i « i / i
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' 1N t l o h l N «
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m c i p i m a i a iiT H b in
vl im m i h i m ‘ k
vl V<II<NI<IMi i .
I r e ift«»»
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,
m n p o T H iK H b iii b u k p h k b k o h u c
H a p o A H o K necH H
“
a th r p y ö b i f i , H e B e * e c T B e H H b ifl ‘
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" iiiiv ii
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ab rou xad or
26t r o c a r
ad x o r A y u i H T e ^ b H b i f i
vi M e H »T b
adx H a c T o x m x f t ,
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2 ,c o o r , c o r / u B e T
J0d a b o n d o
adv A O C T a T O H H O
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vi B o i H H K a T b
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m B oo6 p a*eM H e
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p r tp n iio m c k u x h ct o -ji.
ra ta d e
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" | t » l v m U I IIIVIIIIHM
"lIH lirm W im ic t* Ik . » i O h p « I U I «
'* *!• «
H ill| < M M I t i f i II I * M M «
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1
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3 ,n,yAP,n,o e j i a h k o
EDUARDO
am op
BLANCO
( P o a . 1900)
AM OR
A ESMORGA 2
Eu tina o u v id o 1 o conto, igoa l que todo o mundo; aquela
historia de don Fernando de A n drada e da süa muller, e deralle
o mesmo creto2 que äs outras m oitism as marmuraciös que va'n e
venen duns a outros nesta vila de folga zä s3. C o m o eiqui chove4
sete
meses ao ano, a xente entretense en palicar5 a carön das6
camillas e arredor dos braseiros, ou nas tabernas e cafes, matinando7 en tales pantesias.
P o lo visto, asegün se marmuraba xa facia anos, que eu xa o
vina ouvindo dende
o rapaz, o vin cu leiro8 dos An drada, que era
o ünico vivo que quedara
dunha fam ilia morta toda dunha tisiquis9 d o peito que pegara niles e que os fora levan do un a
un,
pasara toda a m ocedade no estranxeiro, a onde o mandaran
pra que non se Ile apegase o mal. Contäbanse dil cousas de m oita
grandeza, com o fan d eco te10 os probes cando falan dos ricos, que
ao m ellor non e tanto... Que si lances de x o g o e de am orios,
que si estivera nunha guerra
de por ei adiante entre xentes que
non tenen ren que vere conosco; que si fora, en segredo, am igo
dunha raina, porque disque era b a ril11 e bö m ozo com a non se
tina conecido outro; que si sabia fa la r todas as falas do mundo
e tai e que sei eu... que penso que todas serian latricadas12 de
com adres, de xastres ou de costureiras que tenen ese b e z o 13 de
därenlle ä lingoa e de andaren a rem exer nas honras alleas14... O
que parez que era certo, e que voltara, xa bastante estragado das
süas andadas p olo m undo, a facerse cargo de seu herdo que disque
que era ainda de m oita cuantia. Asegün din, as cousas da herdanza non as tratöu con ninguen e arranxärannas uns abogados
cos outros pra Ue sacar do p a p o 15 aos frades de San Francisco
unha boa endentada que Ile tiraran ä nai que morr6u to la 16, ase
gün din, que eu nesto non me m eto. C onque disque17 voltöu a
via x a r
por esas terras de Deus, i ao cabo dos anos chegöu
de n ovo traguendo consigo unha dona de tai fermosura, que os
poucos que a viran decian que endexam äis se tina ollad o cousa
som ellante... Pro ninguen voltöu a ollala dende o dia que chegaran, fai desto uns doce anos, que fo i cando eu o ouvin contar. P o lo visto o Andrada meteu ä muller na casa, fech öu 18 as
portas e non tratöu con alma diste mundo nen se Ile viu en
dexam äis andar p o lo
p ovo, nen xiquera cando veu o rei, nin
cando ardeu o barrio de Ferreiria, e iso que o lume andivo a
lam berlle as paredes do p a zo 19, pola parte que dä a carön da cibdade... Disque, äs vegadas20, viaselle dacabalo, ao mencer21, pro fora
dos
caminos, perto dunha finca que ten, con outro pazo, polas
terras de Santa Cruz de A rrab ald o; i outras veces tarnen de noite,
2 B la n c o A m o r E. A E s m o r g a / E d . G a la x ia . V ig o , 1970. P. 3 7 — 40.
150
que
purla m o ilo mcdo...
Falar
faidbase m oito, pro ningu6n sabla
d e in e c6m o
cra nen c6m o andaba vestido, que todos dcbian sere
latricadus de lolga/äs e contos
de vellas... T a m tn disque que o s
eriudos que trouxera desas terras por onde andivo, non la lu b a n
coma n6s e que os remudaba
cada ano, ou antes si on v ia t r a
lArense con alguen d o p o vo , pro eu endexam äis soupen d e n in gu6n que os tivese tratado que de iste m odo s o n us h is t o r in s
e as testemunas que levantan as xentes de m oito l e c e r 2 p r a d a r l l c
ä condanada da lingoa
o u v ir VI C/lblUJäTb
8v in c u l e ir o m CTapuiH H cbiH, HacjieflHHK
la tric a d a /6 o jito b h h
1! b ezo m npHBbiHKa
14 alle o ad x nyiKOH
5 p a p o m 306
16 to lo adx cyMaciueAuiHÜ
17 d isq u e ro B o p tu ; m o h
" f e c h a r v i la K p u n a T b
'’ p a z o m noMeiUHHHH ao m
9 tis iq u is ey.ibeapu3M e M e c m o tis is / na-
20
2 c r e t o m B e p a , A O B ep n e
’ f o l g a z ä n m jie H T a ii
4 c h o v e r vi .'HVAMii i b
! p a l ic a r vi 6 o jiT a T b
6 a c a rö n d e p re p
p
» a o m c, y
7 m a t i n a r vi p a 3 M bim ^flTb
X0TK3
lo d e c o te
ve g a d a s H H oraa
‘ 'a o m e n c er Ha paccBeTe
22 lecer m BpeMH, a o e y r
adv n a c r o
1 b a r il adx C TaTH biß; M y*ecTB eH H biH
PM KAPÔ
K A P E A J Ib O
R IC A R D O
K A J IE P O
CARBALLO
A XENTE
DA
(P o ^ . 1910)
CALERO
B A R R E IR A J
Chegados ä casa do Rosende, os dous homes sentäronse cabo
d a1 lareira2. A
senora Rosa preparöulles uns ovos; discolpändose
por non ter pano pra cobrir a artesa3, nen coberto de metal.
Nam entres fora caia a
neve, o lume da lareira ia fundindo o
lazo de silenzo
que recobria os ensonos do viaxeiro. A süa lingoa,
m ollada5 p ol-o vin ö de Lucenza, com ezöu a se esterricar. Era de m onte,
mäis alä da
Fontanela.
N inguen o agardaba.
Facia
m oitos
anos que saira
da terra. F illo de solteira, a m orte da süa nai6
deixärao ceibe7 de vencellos8 fam iliares, pois non tina parentes. Viflera
porque a terra o chamaba. Ten cion aba9 facer unha casa branca
e
outa10 onde estivera o celeiro “ que o vira nacer. Traguia con
il
o ganado en tantos anos de traballo. N as Am ericas fora m ozo
de corda, bu farin eiro12, criado de bar. Os seus ollos em bazados13
de saudade14 e de son o15 ollab an 16 pra a maleta.
D urm ia a tia Rosa. N a cam a trais das täboas que afastaban17
o seu recan to18 durmia o via xeiro. i M etera a maleta deb aixo d o
leito; puxeraa antre as sabanas, ao seu ca rö n 19, com o un c o r p o
querido? O Rosende, rebulindo no enxergön20 de fo lla 21 de m i l l o ,
coidaba23 que se il tivera aquila maleta non faria a casa no l u g a r
onde nacera, n-aquil recuncho24 do monte onde inda agora v i v i a .
5 C a rb a llo C a le ro R. A
p o stela, 1951. P. 143— 144.
x ente d a
B a rre ira /B ib liö filo s
G a ile g o s.
S a n tia g o
de
C o n i-
151
Farfa unha casa mäis pequena que a . sofiada p ol-o viaxeiro, na
mesma Fontanela. P o ria tabem a, lo g o pousada, tratada cos feireantes25, chegaria a ter capital. E virian pra il a boa mesa, a boa
roupa, as mulleres de roxos cabellos e vizosas26 fazulas27...
A sefiora Rosa sofiaba. N o seu sono sem elläralle ou vir un b erro28e
bruido fora, rentes d a29 casa. i A h !
Era o Rosende, que vifia do
p ozo. E ila que coidaba ter deixado a sella30 chea. L o g o sentiu
a o fillo
rem exer31 trais das täboas
que afastaban o recanto dos
höspedes. E lo g o iq u e pasaba? Ren. O via x eiro queria partir a xifia32e
o R osende ia enganchar as mulas ao carro pra encetar33 o cam ifio
denantes da luzada d o abrinte34. A
da R osa durmiuse de novo.
O rapaz era listo, e ate chegar äs voltas de C anedo non Ile
era mester35 que fose dia. Cando ila encetara os seus traballos,
xa estaria il mäis alä da casoupa36 d o peön.
prep
1c a b o d e
o k o jio , y
g a0 seu c a rö n
m J ie fl
5 m o lla r
22 m i||0
vt C M a M H B a T b
o u to
adx b u c o k h A
12 b u f a r i f i e i r o
l3 e m b a z a r
28b e r r o
pe6
m 6 p o fla M H H T o p r o B e u
vt 3 a T y M a H H B a T b
sono
prep
p n ;io M
31 r e m e x e r
32a x i f l a
vi K o n o u i H T b c s
adv 6 b i c T p o
33 e n c e t a r
vt H a H H H a T b
vi r ^ a a e T b
»
m paccB eT
18 r e c a n t o
c
30s e l l a / 6 a f l b «
m coh
l7 a fa s ta r
U B C T y m H ii
m kphk
29 r e n t e s d e
“ s a u d a d e / T o c ic a , o a h h o h c c tb o
‘‘ o lla r
y r o jio K
“ v i z o s o a d x n b iu iH b if t ,
21 f a z u i a s / p l m e K H
vi H a M c p eB a T b c x
m nor
m th x h ü
f e ir e a n t e m a p M a p o M H b iü T o p r o B e u
8 v e n c e llo s / / )/ y3b i
c e le ir o
vi ; i y M a n >
24 r e c u n c h o
a d x c b o 6 o a h i> iH
9 te n c io n a r
m K y ic y p y 3 a
23c o i d a r
n a i/ M a T b
c e ib e
c c o 6 o fi
20e n x e r g ö n
’ a r t e s a / a e p e B H H H o e K O p h iT O
4 la z o
p a . 'i o M
m tk x J ih k
21 f 0 |l a f n ilC T - j i h c t b 3
2la r e ir a / o n a r , T on K a
vt O T f l e j i a x b
a b r in te
35 m e s t e r : e m e s t e r h c o 6 x o a h m o
m y r o ji
«
A J Ib B A P O
K Y H K E flP O
ALVARO
M E R L IN
c a s 0 U p a / J ia n y r a
M O PA
C U N Q U E IR O
E F A M IL I A
E OUTRAS
( P o fl. 1911)
MORA
H IS T O R I A S 4
A B a ü e ira i o D e m o
—
Isto pasöu fai p o r agora un ano no ream e1 de N äpoles, nunha
quinta que chaman Pratto N u ovo, e que e dunha nipota do Grande
Inquisidor, e nista historia v6se que nin as grandezas
cristiäs se
libran do m alino. Pariu ista sefiora nipota, que se chamaba donna
E leonora, un m enino, e fö ro n o banar naquela baneira de cristal,
que a estrenaban
tal dia. E
non ben botaron o picarino2 ä iauga,
desfixose nela com a se fo ra de sal ou de azucre. T o d o fo i
un
gran berro de pasm o na quinta, e ninj>u6n daba creto3 ao conto,
pro o feito era o feito , i o nenino
desaparecera. H o u b o que
4 C u n q u e iro A . M erlin e fa m ilia e o u tra s h is to r ia s /E d . G a la x ia . V igo, 1955. P. 56— 57.
Iiotar aquela auga no cam posanto, i ao botellön en que iba fixeronlle un enterro a o ito 5, con müsica, responsos froleados i o
Cirande lnqu isidor de capa magna. Fai quince dias pariu outra
ve/ a nipota, e com a ao nenifio habia que baflalo, volveron poner
a baficira de cristal, que e unha obra antiga de m oito apunte,
na
cämara da parida, i estaba o
G rande ln qu isidor presente, e
tarnen o exorcista de Palerm o, que e quen lies cjuita o dem o6
do
corpo aos Borbös de
N äp oles cando fai falla , que e
casi
sempre por anos bisestos, e tarnen estaba to d o o protom edicato
das Düas Sicilias, e xa iban banar o ca tivo 8, cando se Ile pasöu
ä nai9 p olo m axin10 que tina o seu senor tio que benzoar a
baneira, e inda o G rande ln qu isidor non dixera ” In nomine Patris” ,
xa se quebrara a baneira en mil anacos“ , e saira deia un grande
ch eiro12 a so lfo , i o exnrcista de Palerm o co puno curvo do seu
paraugas tivo tem po de coller p o lo pescozo ao dem o que fuxia,
pro iste puido esgüirse13 e perderse pola chimenea. Söupose
que
a baneira fora m ercada14 nunha abadia mui notada de monxas,
que chaman Fossano, e que era a baneira que tinan as abadesas para banarse por Pascoa e por San M artin o, i as monxas
por San Pedro, e que non era tai baneira, senon un dem o que
se trocara15 nela por ver, ao seu tem po, äs senoras monxas en
coiros.
i
,
ream e m
9n a ■i yr
k o d o jic b c t b o
p ic a r o . p ic a r tiio
10
m M a jib itu
’ c re to m
Bepa, AOBepne
4 n e n o , n e n in o m peöeHOK, MajibHHK
5 a o ito
3 d e cb nbiLUHbiM
‘ d e m o m n e p T , AbaBOJi
1fai falla Ha,no, HeoßxoaHM O
8 c a t i v o m M ajibim , p e 6 e H 0 K
U IO C E
.
M aTb
m a x in :
J1YH C
| rojioB y
a n a c o m KyeoK
12 c h e iro m 3 an ax
13esg ü irse r r ycK0Jib3HyTb
m e rc a r vt noKynaTb
t r o c a r s e vt MeHSTbCfl, Iipeßpam aibc> i
M E H J IE C
X O S e" L U IS
O
,
p a s a r p o l o m a x in npH H TH B
0EPPH H
MENDEZ
D IQ U E
(P
oa.
1938)
FERR1N
DE AREA5
A caravana deixaba sinalado o seu ro te iro 1 cunha longa caula2
gris, suxa3, e, de tem po en tem po, un corp o m orto. Un ceo4
opaco deitaba5 craridade m orrinenta6. Estalaban as trallas sobre mulas
fam entas7, a m over as patas xeadas8 co aceno9 triste das pantasmas.
V eleiq u i10 que a caravana cantaba, que a caravana, sobre a neve,
no cam ino interm inäbel do desterro, cantaba: P rim eiro fora o Ia id o 11
de unha muller, segado por un salou co12 m o lla d o 13, ostentosamente
d o id o 14. tC ä n d o fin d ö u 15 o c h o ro 16 e com enzöu o canto? O lindeiro era b orroso com a a bretem a15 xeada que escorrega18 p olo lom b o
da serra, rach an do19 nas agullas de cuarzo. i C ändo findöu a sublevaeiön e com ezöu a fuxida? C ändo findöu a victoria e diu coM tm k z Ferr'm X .L. P erciv al e o u tr a s h is to r ia s /E d . G a la x ia . V ig o , 1958. P. 115 — 118.
m ezo a morte? O lin d eiro e borroso, ig o a l que o da m area outa20
e a marea baixa, os carros carregados de mulleres, dinam ente21
träxicas, de nenos de ollos frios e redondos, cheos22 ata o pasm o da im axe da
m orte, renxian23 con persistencia ousesiva24, perdendose no largasio e estreito
val o qu eixido25 dos chedeiros26 ao p£ d o 27 qu eixido humän. N inguen sabia a
ultim a razön da fuxida, da derrota. i F ora to d o tan süpeto! P ro L a o Rism y, o
xefe, ben sabia e con craridade, o proceso lento da m orte d o seu p ob o, da süa
antiga naciön. D ixeralle ä süa muller unha noite:
—
6 Sabes o que seria coutar28 o rio M enk
somentes con
area?
U n intre29 sem ellaria interrumpirse a corrente, i encoraria30
a iauga, e fariase unha fo n d a 31 presa. Pro ced o32, m oi cedo, habia am olecer33 a base mesma do m uro e o M enk galloparia mäis
im petuoso que nunca o seu seco leito 34. Asin e o noso pobo,
leva no seu celm e35 a descom posiciön m oi avanzada. Som os unha
raza
vella e feble36, e un Icvantam ento non faria
mäis que apresar37 o noso fin.
Asin decia L a o R ism y e, non em bargantes38, il era o coudel39
da naciön de N ijm en k , du triste e hom ilde nacion
d o val do
M enk. Que os invasores do l.este40 tinan
acabado con N ijm enk,
sabiano todos, sabiao ainda il, Lao, o xefe. Pro era preciso erguer
unha barreira frente aos invasores, i ergueuse unha barreira
de area. ID esp öis to d o fo i tan frem oso41! Preparouse na sombra,
no silencio. D e feira cn fcira
voaban os sinäs, e nos pobos o
sacerdote instruia ä m ocedade na escuridade mäxica das carballeiras42.
L a o dirixia tod o dende a m ontana43.
E amenceu44 o dia, arriböu a hora sagra. C ando
o sol luceu,
as bandeiras de N ijm en k, as antigas bandeiras, sustituiran aos negros
pendöns dos invasores do l.este. Valdeiräronse45 os cärceres e correu as rüas46 unha mult-itude rouca47. Empunäronse as pistolas gardadas con medo nos segredos dos burös. E a müsica das metralladoras atacöu a obertura do derradeiro48 dia de N ijm enk. Os in
vasores de Leste foron obrigados a unha tem poral fuxida. O pobo,
con L a o por cabeza, ergueuse
nas o ito provincias e torturöu aos
oito gobernadorcs estranxeiros.
— !Q u6 fremosus us rüas batuxadas49 en sangue alleo50! — dixera
I.ao, no l'uror du victoriu.
P ro todo l'oi c llm c io , com o im dique de area oposto ä iauga
fervcnlc do rlo Menk. A xin u ’ 1
volluron os invasores do leste, cos
seu.s pendöns ncitnm, r o » imi nümuro” era com a un nümaro das
estrelus, com a o iim nitio ilns
urcus d o dique de area. E voltöu
a vangarda extrunxciru co Itiror da vinganza no entrecello53: a riada,
a arroiada dos cstrunxciros. A
sublevaciön, trunfante un intre pola
solpresa, fo i cauterizada con lume, igoal que unha chaga54 p od re55.
O pobo —
o vello, canso e nobre p ob o de Nijm enk —
cos
sacerdotes da igrexa indixena
ä
cabeza, b aixo o desesperado com ando de L a o Rismy, fo i abandoando rüa por
rüa, C a s t r o por
C a s t r o 56,
tem plo por tem plo. As oito c a p i t ä s das oito provincias
arderon, e os seus fumes rubiron57 direitos ao ceo, com a os do
sacrificio do x u s t o A b el. N os labres58 apertados de Lao Rism y es-
talöu unha orde
Pedir a frontcira.
,
contida
con
forza
queixada
contra
queixada:
L a o R ism y tangueu61 as bestas con enerxia. A lem branza62 da
derrota püfSalle
nos ollos unha estrana resinaciön, unha calma podentemente valeira63. Sabia que o ünico que podia abranguer64 eran
aquelas redeas65 e o ünico que pisaba de
firm e era o carro aquil,
no que durm ia a süa m uller e no que
Ile ia m orrer o ünico
fillo . II sabiao: non poderia aturar66 a tem peratura, era un neno
entangaraiiado67 e seco. N o n se
estranöu68por tanto, cando ouviu
o berro69 de d o o r 70 de ela. C o lleu 71 ao rapäs nos brazos e L a o ,
o xete, forte com a sempre, d jn o de si c o m a sem p re, g u in d o u
ao
seu fillo na neve. L o g o , m oi p ä lid o , lo u rid a s 73 e aterecid a la s m aos,
voltöu a tanguelas bestas. E a n eve diu en c a ir sob re a caravana de N ijm en k, que cantaba no c a m in o in term in ä b e l d o d esterro.
E a d o o r era grande.
1r o t e ir o m 3decb nyTb, « o p o r a
39c o u d e l m B O *A b
nceedoeaAucu3M ejuecmo
2 ca u la
10 leste
c o la / x b o c t , iujiefitJ)
3su xo
4c e o
adx
vt
adx K p a c H B b iü
n ceeöoza n u cu im eM ecm o
3 m o n ta n a
jiHTb, npojiHB aTb
6m o r r ifie n to adx
m o n t a iT a / r o p a
yHbijibifi, M ejia H xo-
vi p a c c a e T a T b , 3 a H H M a T b c a
“ am encer
JIHHHblfi
( o ÖHe)
adx
7 fa m e n to
rojio,nH bifi
45
8x ea r vi M ep3HyTb, 3aMep3aTb
’ acen o
b o cto k
2 c a rb a lle ira / a y ö p a B a
rp »3 H b ift
m H e6o
’ d e ita r
m
1fr e m o s o
m
v a ld e ira rs e vr o n y c T e T b
46 rüa / yjiH u a
*ecT
adx x p H i u i b i H
47 r o u c o
lo v e le iq u i, v e la i b o t , n o * a ^ y ö c T a
48 d e r r a d e i r o
" I a i d o m * a jio 6 H b iii c t o h , c ic n a n n e
49 b a t u x a r
i: s a lo u c o m BcxjiHiibiBaHwe
50 a l l e o
vt
13 m o lla r
yBJiaiKHXTb, CMaMHBaTb
14d o e r vi 6 o jie T b
15fin d a r
vi
ad x n o c j i e A H H Ü
vt o 6 p b i 3 r H B a T b , K p o n H T b
ad x M y * o ü
51
a x in a , a x ifia adv 6 b i c T p o ; B C K o p e
52
n ü m a ro eynbeapu3M e M e c m o n ü m ero
m HHCJIO
KOHMaTbcx
l6c h o r o m n jian
53 e n tre c e llo m nepcHOCHua
17 b retem a / TyMaH
34 c h a g a / » 3 B a
' “ e s c o r re g a r
vi
CKOjib3HTb
”
19ra ch a r vi pB aTbcx
20o u to
adx
adx r H H J io f t , c t h m b l u h ü
p od re
m
3* C a s t r o
BbicoKHÜ; m a rea o u ta
jia jia ;
m p h jihb
nceedoianucu3M eMe
cmo d ig n a m e n te adx flocTOÜHO
22c h eo adx n ojiH biii
23re n x er vi CKpnneTb
24 ou s esivo adx nceedoea/tucu3M eMe
cmo o b s e s iv o adx HaBsmuBbiH
2 ld ifia m e n te
I ) K p e n o c T b , 3 b m o k (|>eo-
2)
B e p u iH H a
c pyH H B M H
rop u
37 r u b i r
vi n o ; u < H M a T b c a
38 l a b r e
m ry6a
vt c a e p i K U B a T b
c o n te r
vt T H a T b ( C K o m )
61 t a n g u e r
62 l e m b r a n z a / B o c n o M H H a H H e
26c h e d e iro m K730B TejierM
63 v a l e i r o
prep
pt de
n coutar vr
paaoM c
!9in tre m m thobchm c
vi y c n o ic o H T b c a ,
adx rn yöoK H Ü
" ’ en cora r
31Tondo
BCTaTb ( o
eode)
’ 2c c d o adv pa n o
" a m o le c c r
vi
ad x n y c T O Ü
64 a b r a n g u e r
3an pyaH Tb
pa3M «rM aTbca
vt c x B a T H T b
“
red ea / B O * * a
“
a tu ra r
vi T e p n e T b , BbiHOCHrb
67 e n t a n g a r a n a d o
68e s t r a n a r s e
t r a fia r s e
s9 b e r r o
adx XHjibift, ß o j r o i i e i i H b i f i
n c e t d m a .u t c u i m ».\ te cm o e s —
vr y f l H » / m T b c »
m K p M K . B O iu ib
14 leil<> m jio iK e ( p e k h )
70d o o r , d o r , d e l o r
' ’ celn ie m ii y i p o , cepaueBHHa
71 c o l l e r
'* feh le m h cjiaßbift
" u p ir s m
vt
ycicop iiTb
x o jiM a
39 o r d e / n p H K a 3
“
“ q u e ix id o m w a ;io 6 a
27 a o
h jih
K p C llO C T H b lX C O O p y J K eH H Ü
m fio jn ,
vt 6 p a T b
72 g u i n d a r vt f i p o c a n .
73l o u r i d o
adx 6 j i e ; i i i b i H ; * e j i r b i ü
'n o n r iiiliiiin iin lc s o jm a K o , t c m hc m chcc
155
AHUIEJI «DOJIE
ANXEL
O
FO LE
A R R E G U IZ O 6
M o ito faläram os aquil dia d o mes d o castaflal1, pola
noitifia na tasca d o
Souto Grande, perto d o p azo de D o m p iffo r, si era ou n n on era verdade o do
arregu izo2.
O X an de Brais, o V icen tifio de Freituxe e mäis eu es'^tabam os a com er un
m agosto . E vefla d e m ougar bullös e d e pasar o xarrote‘s ‘ . M a iorm em e presa
non tifiam os ningün, pois todos rem atäram os o noso la^t>or
O X an de Brais aseguraba que cando un batia7cos lo b o :%s pQja nojte nun sjtj0
soedoso,|punanselle os pelos tesos...
— T o d o iso — dixo o V icente de Freituxe — e un Cônto £ u atop6inos*
moitas veces na Carranchä, en noites ben tebregosas, e f c ^ ron candia min cara
Trascastro, e non lies tiven mäis m edo que si foran ca d ^ e]os»
Entön, falöu o F iz de C o to v e lo , que vifla de chegar.
O F iz de C o to velo era un tangaleirän10 m oi m ouro de ucara q Ue andaria p o
los coarenta, antes mäis que menos. T ifla o bico m oi g r o %so e m oviase e falaba
con m oito a p o u so ".
V eleiqu i o que dixo:
— Eu non sei se os lobos pofien ou non os pelos V iereitos a un
eu ben sei a quen se Ile requicharon12 todos dun m edo q ue )ev( u
5
— i E seria asunto de pantasmas, ou da Santa C om p a^fja
V icen tifio de Freituxe.
?
M ais
perguntöu o
— Inda era eu m ozo n oviflo. F ora na Farreiria, cas1'3 0 A llä p a ro Eramos
catro, tal com o somos eiqui agora: o U xio de T eix iz,
p erjfl0 (ja A lb o rg a
o G a rib a ld o de D icion a e mäis eu.
"X u n täram on os a cear unha noite do vrao... X a s a b ecjes q ue aq Uj|a tasca
estä no cim o dun p en ed o14 e ten unha ventä sob or d o rj0 Despdis de cear
tom äram os us cafeses e puxem onos a xogar ä brisca.
” 0 U x io de T eix iz era un m ozo m oi ben p ran tad cy j ba por dous anos
que Ile facia as beiras15 ä R o la de Trascastro. O sefior R a ^ j j o cn g rorja estefia
o pai da rapaza, tifiao xa p o r seu xen ro16 e deixäbao q Ue entrase na casa
Ben sabia il que o U x io era hom e de m oito p ro veito , mo j form a ] j| en tocjos os
seus tratos, e que agardaba un bon herdo dun tio seu^ celibato que estaba
a viv ir na süa
casa. Levariam e a min de catro ^ nos pra cinco p Qjs
xa iba pra dous que volvera d o servicio.
” A R o la era unha rapaza de moi bon ver, x eito sifla ^ e m oj g o b e m e ira 1*
M ais, sefior, tivo a disgracia de que Ile salse au tro*9 pretendiente Chäm äbanlle de mal nom e o Falcön, pola süa valentia e c o raxe nas uo r tas20 ,jas
romerias...
” 0 sefior R am ilo via o com a si vera o dem o, pois era sabedor de que toda a
süa vida fora un perdidiflo, bebedor e xogantin. Adicäâse ö trato d o ßado
A süa com pafia era o p io r d o pior... Laren gos21, larchäs22 e desleigados que
sem pre andaban de trou la24.
” Parez mesmamente que o estöu vendo, ö
Falc<$n j g
t F o le A . T e rra b r a v a /C o n to s d a s o la in a /E d . G a la x ia . V ig o , 197p, p
156
L on (jriz
gg__
alto
en x o ito 25, cos ollos i o pelo com o acibache i a dentam ia26 grande e botada pra
fora com a a dun lobo. E logo, m oi fachendoso27 il.
A n d ab a ca zunia28 de que a R o la habia de sere pra il, i era tan teim udo29 que
ningufcn Ile facia virar o pensamento.
” D eciallelo a todos nas tascas e festas, nas rogas30 e velorios; e mäis
cando levaba un chisco31 de mäis... ’T efio lle o ollo b otad o ä Rola... Verem os
si algün cabrön se me pon dediante... Ou pra min ou pra a terra, que o dem o me
com a...’
” N ö s ben sabiamos que aquiles dias o U x io andaba m oi caviloso, e sospeitabam os que fora m enazado de m orte p olo Falcön.
” Pousöu as cartas na mesa e dixo:
” — N o n x o g o mäis... N o n sei que me pasa que non estöu tranquio...
Un desacougo32 que b o lig a 33 en min...
” — Pois fala, hom... — d ixolle o G arib ald o de D iciona, — que si de algo
che podem os valer os amigos...
” E dixo o U xio:
” — X a sabedes tan ben com a min que caste de dem o e o Falcön. Nin il
recüa34 nin eu tam pouco... C o m o a R ola non pode casarse con nös entramos,
un dos dous estä de sobro no mundo. Eu levo sempre a mina razön candia min.
” 1 en dicindo isto, ripöu 35 un revölver grande, de cachas de nacre, do
peto36 da cueira, e pousöuno enriba da mesa... N aquil intre, a pendula da parede diu as doce.
” — Ben poderia sere — d ixo — que ista mesma noite me saia ö camifio.
” — N o n tefias m edo — Ile dixen — . Eu irei candia ti. Vereille de pedir a
escopeta ö A lläp aro...
” T o d o fo i seguidiflo... A todos se nos callaron as falas nos beizos37.
Sentiuse estourar un tiro, e resoöu por tod o o val. L o g o , autro tiro...
” — Alguen que atopöu o lo b o — dixo o G arib ald o D iciona.
” — Andan m oi mestos28 — d ixo o Pepifio da A lb orga .
” X ü rovos p o lo que mäis queirades que eu vin to d o con istes mesmos ollos
que han de com er os vermes...
” Eu fitaba pra o U xio, que non tifia pucha39 na testa; il fitaba40 pra a
ventä. Estaba branco com a o papel. E vin que se Ue puflan os pelos dereitos.
” Unha m ao de muller, grande e branca, acenando con un pano tarnen
branco, entrara pola ventä... Subia e baixaba, vagariflo41, vagarifio, e desfixose no aire. O U xio quixose erguere e non puido. E berröu con unha
v o z que parecia a v o z de outro.
” — i E vös vistedes algo...?
” — Eu vin — dixo o- G arib ald o de D icion a — com o unha nebra branca que
se me pousöu nos ollos, com o din que ven os que ven a Estadea...42
” — Que me leve D ios — d ixo — com o a matöu... Despediuse de min...
X a estarä co Sefior.
” Polas süas meixelas esbaraban43 pingotas de sudor.
"Somentes os dous viram os a visiön...
” Ergu6use e dixo, m etendo o| r e v ö lv e r , no peto traseiro:
” — Ondc o atope, all o matar£i o mesmo que un can doente... ou il me
mata a min.
” Pedinllc u cscopeta ö A llä p a ro e sain candia il. Os autros dous vifieron
tras nös.
157
"C a n d o levabam os cousa dunha hora de cam ifio, sin ninguen dar faia,
sentimos o eströupele44 dus cascos na calzada.
” Fal6i eu:
” — ' i Que pasöu en Trascastro, que sentimos dous tiros...?
” 0 xinete detivo o cabalo e responddu:
” — Pois o que xa se via que iba aconter o dia menos pensado... O Falcön,
que m atöu ä Rola... Z orregöu lle dous tiros cando a rapaza vifia de sacar a
auga d o p ozo da aira45. Batiulle un na testa i autro no m edio e m edio do
peito... Queda a casa chea da fam ilia. X a fo ro n avisar a Xusticia. I eu vou
cabo do curm ao46 do sefior R am ilo. Esganifaba47 a ialm a sentir laiar a nai.
” — i. E que se sabe dil? — pregunteille eu.
” — D in que o viron — d ixo il — cispar48 cara a serra pola ponte de Tras
castro... Si ven 6 U xio, non Ile digan nada astra despois... N on sefla que haxa
düas^disgracias, e non unha.
” 0 sentir istas falas, o U x io botöuse a ch orar com a un neno. I eu dinlle
unha aperta49 moi forte, m oi forte.
” F o ro n prender o Falcön a Bustofrio... Viuse a causa en L u go , e saironlle
doce anos...
pouco de v o lv e r pra eiqui, em barcöu pra Cuba.
” D in que o que a ferro mata, a ferro morre... E se non e, deberia de sere... O
cabo de dous anos de estar alö en Cuba, un negro xam aiquino, que din que
son dos mais sanguinos e brutarates, espetöulle unha navalla no corazön.
M orreu botando lsangre a cachön50 coma un porco, dispensando...
” Escantiä que o U xio se fo i pra o N orte. Seica ten un gran Capital. Casöuse eili e xa leva os fillos criados.
6
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47e s g a n ifa r vt pa3pu B aTb
48 cis p a r vi jy 6 e * a T b , CKpbiTbc«
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50 a c a c h ö n
idecb pynbXMH
y c r i-
JIHTEPATYPA
~ ^ T
K B onpocy o rajiH -
B a cu A b eea -U Ieed e O .K .
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1 axana 2012 r.