llHMHTPIOY HAIA KQNI:TANTINIllH 150

o
TOY
vno
llHMHTPIOY HAIA KQNI:TANTINIllH
APXITEKTONOl:
EnIMEAHTOY E, M, nOAYTEXNEIOY
va
Kma tilv aun'!v x,QOvtln)v 3tEQLO()OV 3tQ€3tEL
!-LV'l1!-LOvEVaW!-LEv !-LLaV
3tEQLEQYOV LatoQLav.
tilv A'LYVmov,
8€ E'KEt a3to tooY XQovwv toii
'KUI. !-Lil
!-LEta taiha
tilv !-L'l1t€Qa 3tatQL()a, a3tEq)UaLait'l1 tq'l 150
3t, X. V3tO toii 'OvLov, 'ULoii toii 'OVLO'U r' ')(((1. tEAEvtaLov
2:a()Q')(LtOV, 1\
3tQaY!-LatL'Koii vaoii Etpa!-LLAAOv toii
'Kat03tLV
i:oii
Atyvmo'U ITtOAE!-LaLO'U toii
AEOvtOrrOALY, toV VO!-LOV
3taQa tilv aQx,aLav BovBaatLy. Tilv ()t'KaLoAoYLav tOv
UVEVQOY
BY X,WQLOY toil 'Haa'tov (,Ha. 18' 19. 'Iroa'llrr. 'Iov(). •AQx,. Ir' Y 1 - 3, 'Io'lI(). lIoA. A' a,
1, Z' L, 2 - 4) 03tOV aYatp€QEtaL itvaLaat'llQLov tq'l KVQi,rp EV X,roQQ. A tYv3tttWY, 'Etp' 00'0'1'
a3to;wwy
vrraQx,EL Lva !-Lil
3tLatLV Ek
ta YQatpo!-Lsva V:n:o toil 'Iwa'l]rro'lJ, /)
fito
'Kat JrEvLx'QatoV tooV eIsQoaoAv!-Lwy.
'Kat
/)
'KatEatQatpl1
tOY A' !-L.X. aLoova Errt lIavALvov
'Kal. TLtav autoatpLalJ, 3tOAVtL!-LU ()L'
AEl1jmya.
·0
EY
tOV Eax,UtaY tooy 'Ktv3'\JyWV
'KUta tilY rroALOQKLav
Kat alltov toUtOV tOV LEQOV 3tEQLBoAOV, 1)3tO
toil
tCP 63 3t.X. "OtE EV lEASt 1\
3taQEMit'l1tl)V 10 TLaQt
(22 2:E3tt.), avsv
0
"Y
aYEV aEBaa!-Loii
ta fJ.yw toov 'Iov()ctLWY, El,aijAitE,
()L(X
JtQo<;;
tOV,
avtoil tOV a()vtov, 01t0'IJ d()EV
tilv x'Qvaijv
tilv Avx,YLaV, ta
ta
'Kut
va
aa'IJQotpvAaXLrp,
to ovX,t d'nmtatpQoV'l')tOv 1tocrov tooV 2000
taAaVtWv.
avtO'u,
ava<pEQw!-LEV, OtL 1\ aW3tEQLtpoQa tOv V3tijQaQLcrt'l'), oMOAW;
ta
'Y atEQrotEQOV, /)
ilvaY'Kao8'l') va xutacrx,ll ta 2000 atJ'ra. tciAaVta,
xat va.
BtEQa 8000,
Qt'
tpoQciv, tilV
u3too1taTooV X,QvO'wv
tooV XaAV1ttaVtwv
101
"Ho'l1 fj IIaAaL()tLv'I1 EVQL()XEtO Ota :7tOAAOU; aLrova; V:7tO tilv PWf,ta'l'XrIV
()'XE:7t'Y] v• "'Orav 010 0 :7tOA'UitQuA'I1tO; 'HQro6'11;, XatMta;
tii; 'Io'UoaLae; V:7tO tOV MUQ'Xo'U
•AVtWVLO'U, fjO'UVC!tEL OLa trov tOLWV to'U f,tE()WV va
EtO'EAitl1 d; tilv :7tQWtEOO'UO'UV to'U
ljvay'XuO'{)'I1 va
{)EtaV a:7tO ta; QWf,ta't'Xae; AEYErova.;. 'H VEWtEQa. :7toAlOQ'Xta tYje; :7tOAEWe;, tOV
38 :7t.X., OWQXEO'UO'U E:7t' aQxEtOV, E'Xa.r-tE tOVe; ut!!06L1I'Ete; O'tQunoha; va
E'Xf,tUVOVV, 'Xal f,tOALe; to n:i:x,o; ExaWpit'Y], A'UO'()rooELe;, €:7tE06{)'Y]O'uv d; tilv O'q}(x'
Y'llv xal tilv AE'Y]AaO'Luv. AL'IlyovvtaL 68, on xu{)we; YEO;
'HQro8'Y];
eLoEv on to a:7totEAEO'f,tu V:7teQEBmvE ta itEf,tLta OQLU tij; it'llQLtll01Ue;, CXUtOe;
oi'ho; a:7tE:7tELQ<1tO va dvuO'tELAtl {(X;
:7tQOO'q>EQWV OLuq>oQa :7toO'a
.tie; tOV; [.taX,rlta; ex tii; tOLa; to'U :7tEQL01JO'La;. eH 'IO'roQLa Ex,Et O'nYf,tadO'EL
aVESLt'l']ACO; tilv q>'UO'tOYVWf,tLUV tOU 'HQrooo'U f,tE tilv O'q>Quytoa tii; Wf,t0t11tO;
'>lut til; it'Y]QLwOLue;. •AA'A.a. cOe; avtUAAayf,tu TOU X,'U\)EVtO; uLf,tatO; 'Xcxl trov
lhwyf,trov, f,tae; tOY
cO; EVU q>LAo:7tQoooov ilYEf,tOVU, OO'tL; OLa{)E'
tOW t'Xuvove; {)'I1O'cx'UQoue;, Eq>QovnO'E va. :7tQOL'XLO'l1 tilv IIaAaLO'tLv'Y]v xexl aAACXI;
:7tOAELe; tYje; •AvatoAf);, f,t€ :7tOA'U:7tA'Il'/}Yj 'Xcxt Auf,t:7tQa
'Ev d'A.EL,
OLa va €Se'Uf,tEvL()l1 tov; V:7t'Y]'Xoo'U; to'U am:q>aO'LO'E
to {)EUQe()tOV
EQYOV tf); dVOL'XOOOWrl()EW<; TO'U Ncxov. IIcxQa tilv Er-tq>'UtOV €XitQot'Y]ta rou
MOV 'Xal tOU x'A.11QO'U &:7tEvcxvd to'U, OLtLVEe;
f,t'l']:7tWe; tOVtO fitO tEX,VU(}f,tCX :7tQO<; tE'A.dcxv 'XCXtCX(}tQOq>1)v tOU €toq.tOQQO:7tO'U RtL(}[.tCXtOe; x,WQ1;
Oo{)ti O''UVEX,ELCX dVEYEQ(}EW;, at £QYMLaL r1QSCXVtO £:7tt(}'I']f,tWe; tiP 19 :7t.X.
M'Xa x,LALaoE; €Qyatwv, f,t€ x,LALae; &r-tascxe; Ex'Q'fJ(}L[.tO:7tOL
:7tQocr€n OS
tVCX f,til
XElQ u{)ij €:7tl toil aYLcotdto'U dovro'U, vm::WEro{)'Y](}UV va e'X'
f,td{)o'Uv t-Yiv tEX,V'fJV toil AL{)osoo'U, tOV 'XtL(}tO'U 'Xcxl roil s'UAo'UQYov, XO,LOL
tEQETe;, otnvE; xcxl Eq>EQOV &Qnrotcxw Et; :7tEQCX; to OU(}XOAOV tOVtO EInOV;',
TO. OLUq>OQCX sQYcx OL'I']Q'XE(}CXV o'XtW Et'Y], aAAa xcxl f,tEtO: tCXVW, tiP 11 :7t. X.'
lloVOV vao;, CXVtO; 'Xcx{)' scx'UtO;, tiro EtOLf,tO;: XQ'U(}O:7tOlXLAtoe; xal
tEQOe; '((}We; toV :7tQOYEVEt1tEQO'U lO'U, tOV 2:oAOf,trovtO;, 'XCXt€{)EASE roue; O"UVx,QoVo'Ue; to'U. "Av 'Xcxl f\
to'U wq>dAEto et; liv()Qa 'Ioo'Uf,taTov xal f,til
d:7tOOEOELyf,tEV'Y]<;
ev toVtOL; to £QYuvro'U lJ:7tfjQSEV ayLOv xcxl ete; EVOELStv tOVto'U f\ :7tCXQUOOO'L; dvaq>EQEL on, 'Xa{)' OA'fJV t-Yiv I5tUQ'XELCXV tOtl EQYOU
OfV
:7taQa [.tovov tilv VUxta, Otcl va f,t iI 'XCXit'UO'tEQllO'O'UV oM' E:7t' £Aa·
X,Lt1tOV to. €QYcx. eH :7tAllQl]; &:7tol'tEQdtwO'Le; CX1'toU EYLVE llOVOY tiP 62 - 64 f,t. X •
. e:7tl •
f\YEllOVO; 'Xal BMLAEw; •AYQL:7t:7ta tOV B', oALYov :7tQo tfj;
'XYje; 'XataO'tQoq>Yje; to'U, tiP 70 f,t. X. .u:7tO troy (JtQatE'Uf,tdtWV toil TLro'U.
Et; avtov tOY fjr-tLtEAfj VClOY 'Xcxl fa; (}'XtEQae; t1tOae; to'U, :7tQE:7tEL va q>cxvrcxO'{)Wf,tEY tOY 'I'fJ(}OVV O''UYOOE'UOf,tEVOV a:7tO rou; Mcxit'Y]tae; To'll 'Xcxl a:7to ltM{)'Y]
a
va
va
a
l'at
1. 'AQXL't'SX't'roV ..oil egyolJ, xu..d ..0 TUAftoull, ooQcO'iJ.1J 0 Bava Ben Bota, LeQ€v<;;
..oil
102
Aaoti, va IhoALO'{}cXLVtl
EvayyeALo'U.
O'XLa, Iha8i:(\ov"W
to. {}ELa Q'l)f.La'Ca 'Coti
01.
xata 'COv f.LOLQaiov
:n:OAEf.LOV xa'Ca. 'Cov Tho'U, (\vvaf.LE{}a va avayvcOO'Wf.LEV
'cot; 'lwO''l):n:o'U. eH
Ey€'CEtO
<0
(\av
1!:n:ijQXE :n:Mov, MA' OUtE xaL O''UYXEVtQWf.LEVOV Lo'USa'LXOv
dLa.
'lo'U(\ a 1.0 1)<; OAOXA'I']QcO{}'I'] ii
dLao':n:oQa. IIaQ' oAa 'Cavta, tfi.}
135 f.L. X. vEa
u:n:o ti}v ftywLav 't'O'U BUQ
f.LEta sv 8tO<; XatE:n:VI.Y'I'J Et<; to alf.La u:n:o 't'OV 'A(\Qtftvoti. Tovto EO''l)f.LavE
xal 'Co
<IEQo'UO'aAi}f.L d><; LOU(\C,(LXi'i<;
"EXaO'E to OVOIlO t'l']<;,
Et<; AULav- KamtwAivav, 'X.at
'Ci}v {}EO'LV 'Cou Naoil,
E:n:LQQWO'LV
uV'I']YEQ{}'I']
toti
Ka:n:ttWALO'U dLO<;,
ELO'O(\OU
'Iou(\atou<; OXt /-tovov
'Co LEQov, aAAu xat ct<; a{rri}v tam'l']v ti}v :n:OAlV,
ME n]v :n:Qoo(\ov toil XQlO'tLavLO'lloil, 01. <lAYLOL TO:rcOL
vEav
xat 0
toil •A<>QLavoil aVtExa'CEO''Ca{}'I']
;):n:o
'Co ovof.La
'.
Kata tilv
:n:QoEAaO'tV, to I.EQOV toil
/-LEtetQa:rc'YJ
to Haram· Ech . Sherif, o:n:O'l.l
ti}v {}EOW 't'OV
aV'l1YEQ{}'l1
to
toil 'O/-LuQ (634·644), to Koubbet· Es . Saqrah (to'u tQOVAAOU
tOV
€v tcOV
OVO'Lato d>Qatov O'X.taYWVLXOV O"YJ/-LEQlVOV
to xOO'/-LOVf-LEVOV /-LE 'Ca
{}a'U/-Lacrta f-Lwoa'l'X.a, etVat to UVOlXO(\Of-L'YJ{}ev
;):n:o toil
•
MeAEx, Ihat'l1Qijmxv
to :rcQcOtOV OVOf.L(£ to'l.l· 'E:n:l tii
()E
avtoil ()LEM{}'l1oav ava 'Cov xa{}oAl'X.oV 'X.oO'/-Lov 01.
:rcEQI.'X.EVtQOL
vao(, ta AEyo/-tcva aVtLYQa(fla t011 IIavaYLo'IJ Ta(flO'lJ, xat 013<;
va. I.()QV01JV ta. otQanWtlKa. TciYJJ.ata TOOV Na'ttrov.
"E'X.tO'CE :n:oAAo1.
:rcaQijMov. A!. :rcEQt:rcEtEtat trov <Ay(wv To:n:wv
dvat yvwO'taL MSX(H
i')
toil <IeQou BQax,o'U :n:aQa/-LfvEL
'X.at 1!:n:o t'l1V xUQLaQX,tUV tOOV Mwaf-Lc{}avcOv. 'EAax,LO'tOL /-Lovov
'tOY 0YKcO()'l1 totr.ov
tOV O''I.IYXQat011Vta to aV()'YJQov toil a:1t'YJYOgE1Jf.LEVO'l.l
xa:n:Ote a!. {}P'l1vw()(at a-otoov xata:n:uvO'o1JV,
'X.at
a{rro va. dvaL a:rcoQQoLa
tOV X,cOQov
'toU Nao11 tooV (fl'l.lO't'X.oov av't'O'u K'UQLWV, 1\
m{}aVOtEQoV, Ott ft
/-tE tOY tEAE'UtaLOv (flavanxov
103
m. nHfAI
'0 3tOA'U3tu{}YJ'; AOqJOs tfis
:n:avtOt€ LEQo.;, clAM d s IlLUqJogo'lJs ExacrtotE 3tWtOtls, V3tEcrt'l'l xunx xULgovs tocrus XUtu<JtQoqJas, WcrtE cr'!}f,tEgov,
3tAYJv WV 3tEQLqJ1lllo'U tOtx,o'U
ohwIl0f,t'l'lf,t8VO'U IlLa tEgMttrov
oYXOAWrov, 03t0'U axof,t'l'l ot cr'l'lf,tEgLVOL qJuvunxoL 'Io'UlluLoL {}g'l'lvoVv ta 3tUgEA{}OVtU IlEt'Vd, OMEVOs aUo'U aQx,ltEXtOVLXOV tE%f,t'l'lQLO'U IlLcd:letOf,tEv. Ta
vALxa,
€3tCWEXg'l'lcrLf,t03tOL1l{}'l'lcruv
ta
lluxqJoQu IlLUlloXlXa. XtLcrf,tUta, XQ'l'lcrLf,tEVOVtU
3tQOXElQOV AUtOf,tELOV AL{}roV
'Xul IlYJ tfis
IIAYJv
tfis
(;)
tOV 'HQw6o'U,
V3tO
toil Clermont-Ganneau 3tEQt ta tEA'l'l tOv IE)' atrovos, f,tOVOf..Wo'U
12.00 f,t. xut IltUf,tEtQO'U 1.75 Mv yvrogC1,;ro, 3tQos to 3tuQov touAaXWtov,
a.AAo n.
f,tEMt'l'lv AOL3tOV,
xa{}E dgxuloAoYLxov 3tAMtlXOU f,tV'l'lf,tELO'U
ijf,trov {}EAo'Uv Eicr6Ul ta 6LaqJogu 'XEif,tEVU. Kut
tOV
vuov tOU
f,tExQl
to'll V3tO tOV
{}a
tYJv IIuAUlav LlLU1't1lX'l'lV,
trov r' BUcrLAELWV (XEqJ. E' - H') %at to B' IIaguAEL3tOf,tEvrov (XEqJ. r' %at Ll ') dAM xul
to
aAArov XrogLroV, EY%atEcr3tUgf,t8vroV
ta LcrtoQLxa 11 f,tYJ
dlV Ilh YLVEtaL
f,tVELa EvtaV{}U.
"Ev 3tEgLEQYOV, ocrov xut
ll'llcrvo'l'ltOV Xdf,tEVOV,
tOV 'IE1,;ExLiiI.. (XEqJ. M' X.
ev{}u f,tii£ aqJ'l'lYEttaL to ogUf,tU to'll, avuqJEgEtUL E'k
EVu Evt€Aro£ qJUVtuO"tLXOV vuov,
Of,tros EXEl 3tAELO"ta oO"u 'XOLva f,t!ltC( "(ou
tov
'0
(B' XEq::. A', r' x. E.) %at 0 'Ayyuiot; (B'. 4)
f,tiis M()o'IJv
crx,EtLXa£ f,tE ti!v avoLxoMf,t'l'lO"Lv tou vuou
V3tO wv ZOQoj3dBsA, aAM taUtU£' 3tOAV
ta£
3tgE3tEt
va 3tQOcr\}Ecrrof,tEV xul on ta BlBAia tWV MaxxuBuirov UVUqJEgO'llV Illa
troy aywvrov
trov 'Io'U()uLrov.
'Ev tEAEt, IlE, Ott aq::oQIj tOV vuov tau 'HQw60'U, f,tOVU6l'XYJ 3t'l'lY1l
{}a EiVUL ta O"vYYQci;J.tf,tura toii <PAuBio'IJ 'Iro(nj3to'IJ, O"vY;(.QOVO'IJ twv auwxgu3tUQEcrty]
UV OXL troy
'togrov BW3tuO"Luvoil 'Xu!. TCto'IJ,
tEAE'lJtaLroV €QyuO"tWV €;roQu'CO"f,toil to'll, aAM 3tUVtros
xu"CuO"tQocpfjc; to'IJ.
0
O"'llyygUcpEtl£, ()lE;EQXOf,tEVOs "Ci!v 'Io'llllu'LxfJv 'AQxuLOAoytUV
to'll,
()lUqJOQO'lls 3tA'l'lQoqJoQLus xUL Ilta tOV£ 3tQOYfVEO"rEgO'IJs
"COV UVtOV vUOv aVUcpEQOVtat ()l(xq::OQU BtBAf,a
Michna,
3taQuMO"Eros xu!' ELs "COv VUOV
aqJLEQrof,t8VO'll BLBMov "COV TaAf,tov(),
V3tUY0f,tEVO'U ELs tiJv O"ELQflv trov Kodachim (tWV 'IEQwv) V3tO to OVOf,t<l
Middoth (LlLM"CUO"EL£) 11 3tEg!.
aQXLtEx"COVLx1is tOU vuou, Ws XUL
(iAAUL 3tA'l'lgoqJogtUl €YXU"CEO"3tCLgf,tEVUL ELs aAAu BLBALu umov.
104:
'EJtLO'l1s, XUtCt 'WU';
XUAOV EivUL va
xuvd s xal
to Targumim il ti)v aguJ1.u'Lxi)v JtugacpguO'tV
Toii XEq,tEVO'U rijs
TWV 0' JtoAAdxLS acplO'tuJ1.EVO'U tijs ELs
IIaAUliis 8ta.{}1lXl1s, xaAOv €tvUL va Exn {1Jt' O'IjJ€L to'U xuv€ls tas
VEWtEgus xgLtlXUs 6xMO'€l'; avtij.;. IIdYtw.;
on IJ.La
J1.€AET'll
toil
Moy
va O't'lJQlx{}ii 6Jtl tij.; aJt' ,,{)trELu,; £QIJ.'W
VELa.; tWV
XELIJ.E"WV.
'Ex nj')v vEWrSgWV, IJ.EAEt'l']tal
JtoAAol EA'K'UO'{}EvtE'; vJto tOU
uXQw,; Evota.cpEQovro.; {}sIJ.aro.;, ro.;
xul J1.dALO'tU (lJ'tO toO'ov XOVta
'tu tijs
tOV K'UQLO'U
'Il1O'oil XQLO'tOil, xal tWV JtQo avtoil.
8s'\I xdJ1.'\IW :n:aga va avacpEgw, EX tWV EIr, ti)v :n:QOXELgO'\l
Jtugafrstw EL'; to tSAO'; til.; :n:agoual1'; !l€A£t'l']';, ta X'UQHOtEQa, attva :rt€QLEX,O'UV avu:n:aQuO''tdO'EL'; E:n:tO'tllJ1.0VLXro.; E;llY'l'JJ1.Sva.;, ro.; toil Melchior de Vogiie «Le temple de Jerusalem», tilv J1.V'l']J1.ELmO'l'] C!atoQLav tfj.; 'AQxata.;
Tsxv'l']'; toli G. Perrot xal Ch. Chipiez, o:n:o'U xal
uXQw,; E1JO''U'VEL(\'l']tO';
J1.EA£t'l'] xal ava:n:aQdO'tuO'L'; tOil vaov toil
cOJ1.0LW'; O'vYYQul-tJ1.a 'toil
BSVE()LX'tLVO'U Odilo Wolff, oan.;
OAO'U'; to';'; (\m(\oXLxoV.; vao';.;
xataA'!jYEL \'a ()mO'll J1.LaV aA'l']{}ocpavij :n:Qoo:n:ttxilv toil va oil toil eHQmoo'U.
ITAi)v troy J1.ovoYQacplrov,it:Aij{}O'; O''UyygaJ1.J1.chwv xat aQ{}Qwv EL'; JtEgW()LxU,
JtQaYJ1.atEVOvtUL Xata XUlQ01J'; to v:n:o J1.€A.Et'l']V {}sJ1.a.
IV. H
TOY MAPTYPIOY
KE'· KZ', A'" AA')
To :n:QWtOV O':n:sQJ1.a, acp' OB EJ1.EAA€ J1.Etd twa.; a'tWva.; va E'Klt'l']()tlO'tl JtAf]goo.; O''UyxexgOt'l']J1.Svo,; 0 vao.; toil ::EOAO!J,WVW';, €LVaL xm:a t(l'; EV JtA'!jQ€L !1'UO't'l']QI.q) O''UV()LaA£;El'; tOV
J1.€'ta TOV MW'ijO'EW';, aJtoxaA'Ucp{}ELO'U ::EX'l']vi)
'toil Magt'UQl.o'U. To :n:QrotOV tOVtO agXLtEXtOVLXOV xvrraQov, :n:QWtUgXLXO';
vao.; JtQOXELQW'; syxa'tEO't'l']J1.EVO';, oJtw,;
d.; vO!1a()a.;
MvvatO
va a:n:oO''UvtE{}ii xal J1.EtacpEQ{}ii EVXOAro'; a:n:o tij.; tsw.; EL'; ti)v vEav avtoil {}SO'LV.
To :n:AijQ€'; al!tij.; O''UyxQot'l']J1.a aJtOtEAELrUL EX tQLroV !1EQrov: tij.; atlAij.;
11 :n:EQta'UALO'U, tij.; 2::x'l']vij.; xal tij.; KLBwtov til.; 8 La{}'!jx'l']';, 'tQLO''U:1toO'tdwu
JtElW vaov.;. (2::X. 2).
<H aVAf] , ()LaO'tUO'EWV 50X100 Jtf]XEwV I :1tEQLEXAELEtO Xata ta.; J1.€yaA'U·
tSQa.; avtil.; (\mO'taO'EL';, fjtOL JtQo,; B. xal N. u:n:o 20 O'tVA(fJV 5 Jt'l']l;. vljJO'U.;
dJtEXOvtWV aJt' aAAf]Awv ava 2 Jt'l']x'. CP€QOfJ.EVWV s:n:l xaAxLvwv
xat CP€"
gOVtWV aQY'UQov,; xQt?w'U,; fJ.Et aQY'UQrov <1tEAEXroV, tva avagtlj{}ro<1L xataAA.'!j·
AW'; a:1t' avtrov MovLvaL avAa'LaL.
<1tVAOL aAM 10 tOY UQLfrJ1.0V,
SXAELOV tOY x,wgov Jtgo.; 8'U<1J1.a.;, EV<P 1I:Qo,; A. O:1tO'll "itO xalil €L<1000';,
1. 1 :rtfjX1J;=0,48
srot;
0,525
Ku't'a !18<JO'V oQov 0.50 !-t.
105
a<pLEro 'Kata tOV
8Laat'fjl1a 20 n'Y1X. 118 EXatEQwitEv tQEiS; atllAo'll; ax'fj"
ntEQ'llya; ava 15 n'fjy'. E'KaO't'fj. 'H S'(O'O()O;
uno 4
O'tVAWV ano (lno'll aV'fjQtato
naQanE1'ctO'lla EX AEntfj;
'Kc"
'KAWO' IJ,Ev'fjS; , 'KEVt'fjtOV 6L" Ua'KLvitov, nOQ<puQas; 'Kat %O'Kx(vov. '0 vnoAoLno;
nEQiBoAO;, E'KQvntEtO ano tWV
rov 'KOlVOti ;ha naQanEWalJ,atWv
(LatLwv) ex 'KaitaQa;
EI.S; 1'0 <PV(1LXOV avtfj; XQwlJ,a,
ano
twV nEQL<pEQlXWV O''tVAWV.
To OVtW
oQ{}OYWVLOV,
unAfjv aQLitlJ,'fjnxi)v
avaAoyiav 1: 2. EI,<; to amO'aEV 1lIJ,LO'V, 1'0 nQo; L\. EUQ(O'XEtO nEn'fjYIJ,Ev'fj
l:;t,. 2. 'H l:%1]v1J
TOU
Io.t).tus.
1 ex.=2Q 1t/:.
MUQtuQto'U.
(Od. Wolfl. Der Tempel.
veA. 89, ax. 20).
1\
toti MaQtVQLOV, EXOVO'a 1'0 IJ,EtWnOV, avtijs; Ent EyxaQatov
'Kat ovaa XOV(){HXW; 6taO'taO'f.wv 10 X 30 n'fjX. a<P'llvovO'a :7tEQt avt'llv, €V ax'llIJ,an II, nQo; B., L\. 'Kat N. Eva EAEv{}EQov XWQov nAcitov; 20 ;lnlxEWY.
"Av 1tal 1\ itQ'fja'KELa tWV
OMOAW<; ittO, tOVAciXLa'tOv xa'ta
1:O'U; yvwO'tou<; st<;; 1]JA.a; XQovov<;, llAWAatQL1t'll, EV 'wutot; naQat'fjQotilJ,E'V El<;
tOV
t'il<;
IJ,(av 13a{}VtEQav £:rtL()QMLV, nlitavw:;,
EWwAOAatQl1tWV O'tOLXetWV.
IIQo; 6Lal1oQ<pwO'LV avt'il; 'tautl']<;; 't'il;
IJ,HEXHQiO'{t'fjaav O'avi6a;
E'K ;VAeta; a1taxta; (aO''lln'tov) 6Lao'ttXO'EWV IJ,'llXOV; 10 n'fjX. nAa'tov; l' /2' 'Kat
naxov;, ayvwO'tOV Xata 'ta; I'Qa<pa<;, &AM 'Katu 'IwO''fjnov 4 oaxtV/.Ct)v 1
("lov6. 'AQxaLOA. III, 6,3,). "Av 0 Wolff (op. cit.) nQOtEtvEL 1 n'ilxvv,
anO'KAELvCt) llaAAov vnEQ tii; 8Lao'taaEw; 'toti "I wO''llnov , xa{}' on !-Lta 'toLaVt'fj
1. 4 dU%T.=l 1tuA.u).t1]=1/6
- 9 Ihr., ).t.
106
llB€L va eLVaL
aiQ€t11. xaL
sAaq>Qa. "Ex.oltev
58 'X<lta ItEv tOY Wolff
:n:€Qb:n:OU 2T, iivql 'Xata 'Iro011:n:OV Itovav O'x,€BOv
400 XLALoYQalAltOlV. EL'XOO't tOLaVtat
'KaL
sO'X11l-1.antov BY OQ{toyroVLov :n:aQaAAl1A6YQal-l.l-I.ov aVOL'KtOv
A.
'KaL nx avro.
lm:'iiQXov
'KaAvtBQav O't€Q8roO' LV , ava Buo
'KOLVaL
0''UV'I']vroI-l.8VaL :n:QOC;
'XaL
to avro
aUtro 3VVaJ.l.8{ta 'rU
3taO'taO'ELC;
to;; X.roQou,
30, :n:AaWVC; 10 'KaL
10 :n:1lXEroV. At O'av(3EC; O'VveBEOVtO :n:QOC;
BLa Boo ayxrovL()'?(rov (YOIACProv), 'Xatro S€ SO'tl1QLtOVtO
€:n:l Buo aQyvQmy
E'XaO't'l'].
IIQoc; YEVLXi}Y O'VVSE(j"L'\l autmv, v:n:'iiQXov ava :n:AflV(!aV :n:SVtE /loxJ..oL s'X
/lov'l']C; aAAroO't8
XQ'I']O'L/l0:n:OL111'tELO''I']C; 3La ti}v
vi}v 'XaL ta EY aUtTI,
e:n:l to:n:ov 'Xal
aV{}Exn'Xfj<;;. at /loXAol oihOL, B:n:LXQ'UO'OL, BL'l]QXOYtO BLU XQ'Uamv 'KQ L'XroV, roatE B%
tmy :n:EVtE, 0 /lEO'aLo<;; €W3av€ &:n:' aKQo'U
a'XQov, O''Uvavtmv tOV aVtLO'tOLXOV, 3La En /lsyaA'U'dQav aaq>aAHav. Tovto €nQEne va
ta
E;ro, aLa va /li} :n:aQEI-I.:n:05ttovv to EO'rotEQL'XOV tile;
•
O/lro<;; «v E:n:Et'Uyx.aVEtO
O'vY'KQotlj/latOC;, 3Lon at vt/l'Y)"
Aal EV O'X,EO'EL nQo<;; ti}v
aavL8E<;;, :n:aQa ti}v
troy O'VvBEaLV, 1)v
a'Uya/lE{ta va cpavtaa{tU}/lEV oO'ov to Bvvatov atEQEUv, Mv {ta ijMvayto, w<;;
anOtflAovO'aL /lLaV O'u'\'Exfl E:n:Lq>avELav, va Ili}v v:n:OO'tOUV ntVXroO'LY, xaW on
110'aY. :rrE:rraXtro/lBvaL
to €Baq>o<;. MLa :n:aQaI-l.LXQa
1\
nAEOY EAaq>Qu xal {ho:n:Eun'Xi} nvoi} tEq>UQOV, {ta r}Q'Xovv SLa va E:n:Lq>EQO'IJV
ti}v
tOU O'vvoAOV. IIQotEtvo/lev tilv
EYKaQaLrov ao'XmY attLVE<;; et<;; to avro /l£Qo<;;, BKtELVOI-I.EVOL ano tOLXrol-l.atO<;;
tOLxrol-l.a va nQo0'8aLBov ti}v oBowav a'Xal-l.t/I(av. 'EO'rotEQL'Xm<;; ot
WLXOt
e:n:EvBflOVI-I.BVOL (')L' ei.aO'I-I.(XtroY XQvO'oii.
3).
Kat<x to 'XEL/lfYOV tije;
'Xal waAoYL'Xm<;; nQo<;;toy VatEQrotEQOV
vaov tOU kOAOlAmVto<;;, 3Wa/AE{ta va xroQ\;O'roI-l.EV to €arotEQl'KOV
avo JA£Ql1,
uVLO'a, rov to
tEtQayrovov lOX 10 n'l']X. f]tO to aaVtOV il UYLOV tmy
broV
troy, nQoc;
:n:aQa:rrEtaO'!J,a WC; to die; ELaoaou tile; aVAfje;, aAAu nAEOY €'XAE'Xti'je; €QyaaLa<;;, I-I.e 'XEVtl1tae; naQaO'taaElC; XE'Bto aV1]Qt1]I-I.EyOV ano 4 O'tVArov I-I.B aQyvguc;
XQuaa 'XLOYO'XQava 'Xat XQvO'OUC;
EJtEVaE8vI-I.Eyrov 'Xat}' oAov to vt/loe; trov 3La q>vAArov ;W'UO'oii. 'E:n:LO'1]<;; 1] ELO'oBoe; 3[QDe; to ayLOY, €q>QaO'O'EtO Ih' OI-l.OLO'\J nUQaaV1]Qt1]1-I.8VOV ano :rraQO/lOLrov O'tVArov, aBQatOl-l.8VroV €n1
Kata tL av'Ut/lroI-l.EVOV,
aL{t O'XOLVLroV, BnEtQEnE ti}v Mw68Qav
'X'U'XAoq>oQLav tmv AE'ULtmv.
107
vov tamltU, AEy61-1EVOV Mischkan,
XWQ>O'ta ava rrEVtE
4 rrr}X'
%al 28 rrr}X.
WO'tE va 1-10Qcpwftovv Mo I-1E"laAa tEl-1aXLU 20 28
To
O'tE'VOV
trov 4 rrrJX.
3Vvutat va arro()oftfj
to I-1E"lLO'tOV uvoL"ll-1a to orroLov errEtQErruv OL lO'tol
trov vOl-1a()wv. Ta (lVO aVta
'KUta
lha 50 va'XlV"
{Hvwv ('X'\Javrov) Tatvtrov 'XuL XQ'UO'rov 'KQL'KWY (rroQrrii'w), wO'u at teA.I'Kul (lW"
,
R
e
Sl.'
,
va, "
ELVat 4OX28 rrr}X. 1"0 pWJL'XOY
'UM'KOV, w;
'<aL, uW
ta, rraQarrEta"
O'l-1ata, fito ij 'Kaftuga
'XE%AWO'I-1EVr}
I-1E
il 'Kat evv'
x
l':x. 3.
ASJt.O!L8QSl<lt
.ije;; l':xl'jvij<;
wi} MUQ't'UQLO'U.
(flQOl'tO''''lOtO'V o)'.€lho'V).
cpaO"I-1EvU;
VU'KLVftOV,
xul 'KO'KXLVO'U.
UVtOV
tOU EVI-1E"le{}o'U; tarrr}to" E'Ka}.'Ul/JUv EO"WUQLxro; tOY xroQov, wO'u ij
trov 28 rrr}Z. va (lLUrWEtaL 'Kuta rrAatO"
10k
'Xul
Mo rr/,E'UQI%OU;
O'(lVLSOtOLZO'U;, acpLvovo-a 'Kal E'XatEQwl'tEV
8V rrEQLftcOQLOV 1
urro tOll eMcpo'U" lila va
QVJtaLvEtaL. <H I-1E"la,A:UtEgU SLaO"ta<H" trov 40 Jtr}Z., et({1EtO Xata I-111XO;, WO'tE ot 10 Jtr}X. Ot JtAeOv
'trov xata. 1-111%0; 30, va 'XatarrtrrtOVv
'to
tG'U XcOQOV (&AAa
aVE'U JtEQL{}WQLOV 1 rrr}X. 11 EaV tOLDVtOV rrEQLftcOQLO'V MYfJ) til; O'VI-1I-1EtQLa;
VJti'lgXE, 'WUtO BJtQEJtE va E1nrru
ta Ellrrg6,,).
<\\>38 M(l 513
'l3Q13
lJOlJ.o.op
A\>l
5rp031XOP I} Q;Ol'}lJ ,lt3", °AOOXJOX
OlH£ 'o.oJlmio,x
Al}O.oo,OX :g]Xl()lSTIli'}3lt
S03W3"" '5lJJAOOA. 51(>1 513 lJ1nO
'XUlt ('; X 1 X 1 Aoos.oplDmQ
\1 1
'A9lJA 5mJ()o,x A\>l Sp '501lJri.oP1Sltl:lllJX Q-Ol \>0U
'(17 'X:r)
'}01
Al:llg 'SOlQ-O A3{}9lt9 'Vgoo'lC
'AOOl 5pA.rt0plt
ri!sgno03X
09-Q 501AOO
Alp
-sI, A\>l 1(>lQ AOA9(){} A\>1))3\11 lJ'\g
'Snox);? 09-Q Sl?l 513 '}o.ono'lC
'TIJOOlJOSl
llJX 51002 5'}oxylJ'lC I}
<rlJlirtOJ, l lJX ''liJ0rtoJ, \>1
\>1 (6Sr 'd 'II '=I '=lP 'do) Ul3U;:)(l 11.\>1
l?llJX '50A.0ypX3V
Ag]XlJylt AOOAJ{}1y
Alp l?lUX '5(p,}lJ 5\>lA3", '5!?()oOOmsrI
l?lQ 531tW9-3111.oUO'lC 1I:)X
AOOl
5ts 5OOfiJA0l1
'AlQXJO% Ag].ortOX
'Jo'(Xori
'A011p1inx A'}O.orto'lC
<;?1 5ts n.onoo
'900 '!lo.onoX AmYY9- w
'Xltlt 9'1 X 9 '1 X q'('; AOOS.oPl.olJ1Q
'5lJptlJxp
rt0Jloog1X llIJrii}X.o Aj! '591oog1)1 If
,(}lJX
!!OSriOt:l!3Y
1SQJQlJ13ri 5!?ri
If
'lJA3ri13XllAlJ ))031 lJ\J'\IlJ lJl mx 1I01Q) rl nr ,tU,l 10111, '500sri A013(1)) 01 lJ1V
,AOO1A.lJ
,
,
<;:,,;)
l. t,I.:
\
\
"
I
"
I;;:
"
"
.
Ag]l rtOJkp ,}01 50{}pg \>1 513 'AOOlpririi(
Ag]l
5!!1 '}01oog1)J 5!!1
Alp l';,l1Q
5OOJ0rtX S11.og
''}OlJA So,0Q9J13X101.o ,}Ol 50o?'I1 AOTI1A91i1'111f <;?1 J\i\.OY?13ltp OO()?lOOAP
'59'11{}1()p I:}
.lJX
AOOJ0:l!1:} Ag]l 'AOOAJWYS\? AOOlpr.()31,!
A010l:llSll 'tW?y:u
llJ% AOOA?ri'o
.mOX3%
'Ag]10X AOOlPliosQ
lJrirlrtypX103lt ,\01)01 llJY..
'AOO\?JA.mllJX
Sl2l l(lllJ% 'Sn008112 SQ-Ol 5p IplJ(lSlt Ollt 'tAUX.o lJOP
.nsQ If llJX
'AOOAJ1%P
1Ig]1 \>ltp
rOX
AOOlPQC}
AOOJogl1i( Ag]l ,\1.oA(tOXprlo:up
'501lJri.opA.Sl.oOOlt 50Q13
l(lA Sl.oW
Mg9.oP
OOAP03:l!C} U{}<)Jylt1QSAP sns.o.o)osltg A01olt9 <;?l
AooOp.o.oSl
lJri!!ri 1 A3"" 'AOOA
IIg]X010Slt Ag]l 5SQpriOA JO
llJX Scp
'Am"lp.o.olJlt llJX AOOJMOX.o l?lQ
5g]AlJ{}llt l))X
,}Ol \>ltp rt0JoOO{}1i'!s1£ ItSA);? 'noXJolo!,PAlJ.o Q-01
,yyp '5oo).oOlJ%A.g
''lCltlt OS 5Q-01
If llJX :cp
Ip'}lJ lJO?lMQ
H. 'AOOXJOX AOOAJ%YXl'lC AoorI{}JOlJ'ol llJX
Ag]lAml 09 l?1Q
.00lt l XlX 5cp
m'lCp1131 l:llQ;Dl o}lQ l?..L 'Xltlt OS X 17('; l lJX OS X 0('; I\OOS.o
lag l?lIp lXlX
I!Ap
S,& ''lCLtl£ OH X17 5lJg)oooy lJXBQAg '59A.
-llJ
AlJAlJOOg. \>l'}lJ ,1Q llJ)(
Sl2%1cmOO.oorilp
\>ltp MO.o<)JAOTIOltp A\>l
AorhA90OO mltltpl A\>l'}D
A<;?J,
ltgi A1iA D.1!lI\.ro)1 'IlrtH, nOioiltriltV
SOl
'XY,lC
C{l.
5roOY,YlC 1PX,
(}Ol.3Y3X,.o
e 1ux, 'XY,lC 9 X 9 5ro3.opg (1,OA<pA.VOl.3l. 'Arol.pl1rol.n.Ux,0Y9 A\9l.
3X13 'n.oo<px
'5n.oift)}
5C{ol.C (}Ol.
'yU,g n.O)OO-P:J Q-Ol.
AC{xll.vrllLg.ml C{l.
AC{l. 5m
'5npol.py 5\p t:l.lDD%$l{,tDX, l?l.
"lC'y'X,AropgAOllD 'AroX.o)(}Drt){ 'Arongrt()J..' 5tp 'Q-ODrtOX Q-0o
liny
-P{,tnx
A\9rtSXD A\9x,ll.lLelLog 50(}\:!YU
5lLl Sn.OAX;,y 5\,-01
'(tg
'A90ng.uX, 'AOA.n.Ol.P 'A01Pn
50l.AO}t3l.l.C0l.)'JX 'n.0;0
'AOrlD9X, A<{l.
'"nnS.IBd: JO A2oIO"UtI 0J V "tIl. ,.t[2!JQ IV 'II 'M)
';mp ih)'ri 'D3:: 'j 'DroV%DVA. V ,
'A.[].OlD01A.'DroS,,(i.iI,
',;,sgn,OOSX
'f'
'%3::
-n.)1 Q-Ol. pmrl'li)?
l?l '5Pl.\,tAD'lll
S(lOl.
'D1A'Xn.y50l.0.JdJ
501ilLdJJ03lC IJ, Ol.SX,.oJ0'J-3 'rtO)OlL1D1r1n.g. Q-Ol. 'N
'5\:!l.f}u l2AVA:>I"
'(9 'X;r)
Q-Ol. 5nAibri nX3g<pg s\,-Ol.
'Arol.0P
pX3g<pg A\9l.
5lJ,l.f}D
l?lg
'Y,1301P 5ro;orlO,
'Q-ODrtoX
Ull.p'lin.% l?X103dJ103l.C 09-Y 1DX 5lLrlpyDlC SpIll A010<pg.10Sl.C
'50DrtOX
IJ, Ol.Dl.Dl Q-Ol.I,}D 'S: 5C{0II
'59-0l.D1lC 5Q-OAlOX SQ-Ol. 513 51!Jib0'X IJ,
'rtoJA.p
'Sol.miA.J3r1 rtO)0l.C9 Q-Ol. 'rtO"'pglY 5!}OADdJmg 1D% (}OliDrtglJ, '::'lMP9YDX '5oXM2
(}OX,l2Drlroop '(!) 5\pxm.o A\903'1i MOD].
60r
:'0111.(1)'110,(03:: [].01
AOA3li}t0,(3l.0lCP 'urlnpln.Q AC{X1Y13
59'D,\ 0,
110
aLa q)'lJAArov X.CXAXOV. EiG to EarotE{HXOV XEVOV, xcd xCXta to
tOV mpOVG,
aV'I1Qt'l1J,tEV'I1 XCXAXLV11 Eo'x.aQa u:n:o tEo'o'aQrov XQLXroV, o:n:OV ExaLOVLO
ai, {}VaLaL.ALa tlJV !,tELaqJOQav v:n:ijc.)x.ov avo J,tOXAOt €:n:EVaEaWSvOt ata 'X(J.Axov, J,tOVLJ,troG xat aihot €yxatEo't'l1J,tEVOt, atEQx.6fJ,EVOt aLa tEao'clgrov X.aAXLVroV
XQLxroV. "OAa ta ata tlJV ;wijo'tv aihov aXEVrJ
xaAxtVa, &.; xQEaYQCXt,
:n:vgaYQat, :n:da x.t:rr.
2:'X'I1viiG 'Xat 9vo'taat'l'jgLov EVQLo'XEtO xaAxLvoG AOUtlJQ e:rrt 'XaA'Xi}; BUo'Ea:JG, j'CEQLEXroV to l'ha tovG xa{}agllou:; aj'CagaLt'l'jtOV MroQ, roo'tE
0'1, tEQELG j'CAVVOVLEG 'XELQa; 'Xcxt msaaG itQlv il ELaEA{}ovv ELG tilv 2:x'l'jvfiv,
aj'CSqJEVYOV OVtro tOV BsBatov {}avarov, (lo'W; aVallEVEt rov; Iltagov;, roVG
ta UYLa trov UYLroV aj'CaguaxEVOL.
1:;<. 5. Atyurc'H(lXTJ
1tQo{}iO'sroC;
(Tell - el - Amarna).
(G. Perrot et Cb. Cbipiez. Histoire de l' Art.
T. IV. aei., Sl1.-De Vogue. Le Temple. ad.. 33).
To avvoAov tilG 2:x'l'jvfiG tOv MaQtVQLOU J,tEta tfiG KLBrowu tfiG Ata{}fi'X'l'jG xat j'Ca,vtrov trov
o'XEVroV 'X.A.j'C. Ej'CQEj'CE va IT-CO uQXOVvtroG €'Xala tOVG Uj'CAO'L'XOVG VOllaaa; ti}G €Qfillov. 9SAOVLEG va
aWa,f,.tEVOt Eo'j'CE'Uo'av
vaj'CQoatpSQOVV ala tilv 'Xataaxevilv trov avrotEQro, EIG €xao'toG 0, LL 3tOAV!LIlOLEQov etX,EV. T6a'l'j bE
fJ j'CQo{}'UIlLa avtrov, roate EYSVEtO avayx'I'j va J,tilv
&:n:OMX.roVt<XL
1)j'CeQxaA'Utp{}sVtOG aWtollroG tOV j'Coaov X,Q'Uo'OU, dQYVQO'U, x.aAxov, Bvo'o'o'U, :n:oQqJuQuG, j'COA'UtLJ,troV AL{}roV 'X.A.:n:: BaQ'UtLllrov :n:Qootrov VArov, aLa tilv 2:mwfiv, tilv KlBrotov 'Xat ta ttJ,tqJtu trov AE'U·ttroV.
Tilv yevLxilv E3tOj'CtEl.aV j'Cavtrov trov{}a'Ullucrtrov EQYroV, <> geoG, ala LOU
MrouO'sroG, dvs{}EO'Ev ELG Mo J,tOVaal'XOVG €I.; to
111
x(d tOY 'EAtaB, 'llLOV tOU 'Axt. 0' cq.l.ay, EX
tou Lidv. EtvaL a€ ulJt(1
nl /lova ovo!law tExvtnov a
(ltEO'WO'EV 11 IIaAaLd. LiLa{}ll X1], nglv 11 /lV'Y]"
j..tOVEVO'EL tOY a<p{}aO'tov ElG l,xavot'l']ta XLQd.j..t EX TVQo'll,
/lEta
EnEnQWtO va avaAciBn tilv (l'l']j..ttOtlQyLav tOu j..tEyaAo'llQyrJj..tato; troy
'IO'Qa'l']ALtrov, tOU vaou tOu
v. 0
TOY
<lOtIO 0
tOu Lia'llla xaL
B'l']{}O'aBEE, avijA{}Ev
tOY
{}Qovov tOU 'IO'QarjA, oA'l'] 11
EQyaO'La (lLd.
aV€YEQO'LV
j..tEyaAoJtQEnOU\; vaou Ek tOY I{VQLOV,
M'YJ EtOL/l'l'] JtaQa tOU
to'll. '0 2:oAoj..tow, EnwqJEArj{}'l']
troy (lLnAwlJ.(mxrov O'XEO'EWV
f,tEta tOU Baa
TVQo'll XLQUf,t, 'UlOU tau 'ABt.Bd.A at.d. va t'Y!tr]O'n
naQELXov aL
tOu ALBuv()'ll, '((a.t to aVtLO'tOLx,ov tExvLXDV nQoawnLxov, JtQo:;; EJtE;EQYa.O'Lav a1Jtrov. '0 TVQLO:;; 11ye/lWv aVEMf,tBaVE
vnOXQ€wO'w va awan tiJv anagaLt'Y!tOV ;'UAeLav '((€aQwv xal X'UJtagLO'(}'wv
;), cO; xal td. JtEltELQIl/lEva tEX,VLXa nAaLO'La troy xamUrjAwv
tEXVt.troV, ;'UAox6ml)v,
otxoMj..twv, ;'llAO'llQYrov, f,tEWAAO'llQYCOV x.A.Jt.
a'llf,tnArjgwO'LV alhrov aLa /liJ EtaLXE'llf,t€VO'll JtgO!1WltLXoil, 0
tOil
xa:nl to nAELO'wv
'IaQaiJA 1jYYUQE'UO'E 30.0:)0
ElG IIaAaLO't(v'Y!v, nL{}avov ali xal
EX JtEQLtQOltfj:;; lOt:;; ALBuvov avO. 10.000 Xata /lfjva, f,tEta troy etatXEVf,tEVWV
tEX,vLtrov tfj; BLBAo'll, ti):;; TEBM cO; EABYEtO uno troy 'Io'UaaLwv (Guebel),
'EnL(J"YJ:;; EtEQaL 70.000 axi}o<poQwv 'Xat 80.000 Aato/lwv (AL{}o;owv) €tlh'}'Y!O'av
aw.wya:;; 3.600 €nlO'Wtrov, JtcivtwV XUWLXWV tfj.; IIaAaLcrtLv'Y!:;;. Et;
aVtciAAayf,ta, 0 2:oAOf,twv, flw
va nA'l']Qwvn 20.000
aLW'U (Jt'UQoii) 20.000
XQL{}fj:;;, 20.000 Bat{} EAaLO'U XEXOf,tEVO'U xal 20.000
Bat{} O'(VO'U, Et'l'] O'(w:;; ' ••
'EJtL nMov 0
XLQU/l, JtQOO'€<PEQE aLa va alE'U{}VVU
to.;
EQYa.O'La;, tOV OIJ,(ov'Uf,tOV wu aQXLtEXtOVa XLQaj..t il 'AaOVLQaf,t, il XIQa/l
'ABL, (la Bible, par L. Segond, II Chron 2,14) EX natQO<;. T'UQLO'U xal
f,t'l']tQo:;; 'Io'UaaLa:;;, tfj; qJ'UAfi; wu Liuv 1i wu Ne<p,'hxALf,t, dMw «noLfjO'(XL
» €V XQ'U<1LqJ xal aQyvQq} xal EY xaAx0 xat €V <1LarjgqJ xal. EV AWoL:;; xal
» ;vAoL; xal u<paLvELv EV tU JtoQ<pvQ<;;t xal BV tii vaxlv{}qJ xal EV tU BV<1!YqJ
» xal €V tii\ XOX?<LvqJ xal yAVlpaL y,,'U<pa:;; xal aWVOELO'{}aL Jta<1av alavO'l']<1w»
(B' IIaQaA. B' 14).
Tilv ;'UAdav /lEtEqJEQOV aLa {}aM<1O''l']; -Uno /loQ<PiJv <1x,ElHa;
'Ion-
1. 1 %oQo<;=364, 4 "t'Q(lt, 20.000 %0(10=7.300 Tovvot. 1 !JaHI'=36,44
20.000 !Jai-&=780 T6vvOL. 10
%oQo<;.
112
?w.l EX!':WEV
11€X,QL
'IcQo1Joaf..iJl1.
'E:rrl 'CQLa E'C'I1 xa'CELQyatoV'Co 'Cd {,f..LXa, roo'C!': xa'Cd t11V
'tov
vaov va
dxo1Jo\}ii
7j
7j Uf..f..01J
O'LS'I1Qov EQyaf..do1J. 'H
'COV \}EI1Ef..L01J f..W01J aYEvE'Co
2av
wi} 201J (;) I1'11VO; 8ivan ('I01JVLOU) 'COV 'CC'C!xQ'Cou
wu
1:Oljni;; Toil
Naoo wu
l":oAo!1rovToi;;,
KA. 1 tx.=10
:n:X;.
(Benzinger. Hebraische Arcbiiologie (l.iI.. 216).
-I)rOl 'CiP 969 :rr.X. At EQyaaLat SLllQXEO'aV E:1ml En], -I)'C0t E:rrEQatm\}rtO'av xa'Ca TO EvMxaTOv
T01J,xal TO X,QOVLXOV
auto aLaO''C'I1l1a SvvaTUL va 'l'tEOlQ'I1\}ii
I1LXQOV «v dVaAOYLO'\}ii
TOV oyxov
oVTLva aVTL:TtQoO'OlltEVOUV ot TOtX,OL
aLa<POQOL vJt(YI10f..OL X,WQOL, ot X,0lI1atLO'I10L, 'Ca
xal
1) I1E'CUAA01JQYLXij
113
•AQXLXro;, to
aVWI-LUAOV 'XUL f.,t€ aJtOtOf.,tO'Ue; 'XaJtWe; 'X/lttl,te; QQOJt€OWV tOU MWQLU, OLEI-LOQcpUn't'Y) Et; OQLtovnov EJtL1tEoov. "E1tQEJtE va fito QQttOYwvLOV
!.tE tCl'v f.,tEyaAov
a1tO A. de; L1. 'Xul ouxO'taO'Ewv 1tEQL1tO'U 200X400
'Yl f.,tfi;U,ov 'XUta Wolff, :J70X390
XEWV. "Evto; UUtOU, 'XUt" avut,oYLUV 1tQoe; tOY
tije; :E'X'Y)vij; toil
1\,f
".
e -"
" eV1tOuEtl!XW;
-'1
s:
'
"1
luClQt'UQLO'U,
E1tQE1tE VU\ 1J1t'Y)QXEV
ctEQO; 1tEQL",O"O;, OV
U1JVaf.,tEuU
va
OLwHaO'EL; 100 X 200
1tEQL'XAELWV
tOY 'X'UQLW; vaol', xal OLa tOY 01tOtOV 1) f.,tov'l'] 1tA'Y)QocpoQLa Eiv<Xl on aw€XEttO EX tQLroV atQwO'Eo)V A(ttwv, cpcQo'\)O'rov
OEtQav XEOQLVWV oo'Xo)V.
tOU vaou tOUtOV oEv OUVUWL va yLV1].
orav
a'Uvtataf.,t€V1'IV EX tij; :E'X1Wij; toil MaQt1JQLoV, troy
1tEQLYQUCProV troy r' BamA. :ET', B' lIuQuA. IV,
'Xul tooV OO'l']YLroV troy
d; to
toil
("lEt. M' - M'i"). IIcivtw; ovvcif.,tE{}U XUt"
va aQ'XEcri}oof.,tEV d; ta Et; UUtOV xu{}' f.U'\)tOv avacpEQOf.,tEva, d; ta aVwt€Qw LatOQL'Xa
tij; IIaAatfi; L1tai}11'X'l']; (:Ex. 6).
EVQLa'XOf.,tEVOt 8VW1tLOV tOU
tOV vaov, 'XUt XWQOlivtEe; a1to
N
w;
w;
troy E;W 1tQD; ta Eaw,
tOY 1tQottaAaf.,tOv
MatO'U; 20 1trlX,•.
'XaL Batto'U; 10, tOY XVQLW; VUOV 'Yl
'Yl aywv (Exal\) 1tAatO'Ue; 20 1tflx,.
f.,t'll'Xov; 40 xut v1jJo'U; 30 1t'Y))(.., XUt t€AO; to Ciovtov 11 ayLOv TroV ay(wv
(osBCQ),
xuBo'\) 20 1t'l']x'. aXlAfi;. EL'XuO'tLX(O;, E'X tfi; 1tEQtYQUcpij; tOu
O'Uvaf.,tEttu va OWaWf.,tEV
1tax,o;
tOLXOV 6 :1t11x. Kuta
ta; tQELe; 1tAp.vQa;, E;WtEQtXro;, 0 vuo; 1tEQLsBaAEto U1tO tQL1tAij; lOt; V1jJo;
OELQii;
troy 01tOLWV to 1t/dtO; 'Xatw fitO 5 1t'l']X. xEQMtov ava 1
1t'Y)x'. Ete; TOU; 1J1tEQ{}EV oQocpo'\); xul ex,6vtwv aVtLO'tOLX,W; 1tAatO; 6 1t'Y)X. %al
7 1t'l']X.,
EAE1J{}EQOV v1jJoc; oQoq:o'U 5 1t'l']X. 'R XAtf.,tUXWt1) 1tOo; ta avw EAartwat; toil 1taxo'U; toli to (xov , avnatOLxoliau 1tOO; OtEuQ'UVaL1' tOli OWr.WtLO'U,
eXQy)O'lf.,tEVE 'Xul
V1toooy,1) tooV EY'XUOO'LWV i5o'Xrov, LVU
1) ALflo00 f.,trl , EX troy V1tO 1A0QCP1)V 1tUXTWaEw; Ey'Xu{}Cafwv troy 'XECPUAroV tOW 00xrov (:Ex. 7).
eR
troy OWf.,tUtLWV 'X'U'XAOCPOQLU E1tEt'Uyx,aVEtO, XUta ta; avu1tuQuO'taaELC;, V1tO IAt'Y.Qou
ovnvo; to 1tAatO;
d; tau;
w;
wc;
5 1t'l']X., xw')" V'lI'O; OB, ()t(x SAl'XOELooil;
f11QW'XOI-L€V'l']; 1tuQa tnV
1tAE'UQLX1)V tLao()ov trov OWf.,tUtLWV, 101.; to
!-LEQo; tOu vuov.
IId}uvro;, flv ltat 11 aX01tLf.,tOt1'}; troy
ai"trov cLVat
va ex'Q'l']aLIA01tOLOVVTO
d1toflYj'Xut, fl1'}aa'\)oocp'UAaxta, yatocpvAaXW, 1i 'Kat
1tQoawOLyal XatOLXlat troy LcQEWY, 'LO'w; oE 'Xal ota
AEtt01JQytXOU; 'Kat tV1tL'XOV; O')(01tou;. A6yffl Of.,tw<; tYj<; {l1taO;EW<; trov Owf.,ta-
w;
w;
dwv ailtrov 11 ouxvOt;t; 1taoafluQwv 1tOO; CPWtLO'f.,tOV tOU sawtsQLxoli tOV
vaou, O?Y fi1.o
1taQa
1J1tEQI}EV autrov. :EvVE1tro<; r.t6vov 0 a'l']'Xo<;
cpoo<; EX troy
'Kal to Clo'UtOv EIAEVEV CiVE1J oUl\SI'O; avoLyr.tatO<; 'Xat
8EOAOrIA T6!loC;; KE' TEUX0C;; A'
8
114
IlOVOV
&11:0
Ta -U1l:' 01VEL 1I:aQd{hJQa, 'KLY'KAL()OOllaTa
TO EO'WTegL'KOV Toil vaoil &11:0 :1taO'1j\:
OlAv,
AOYLXOV, tpavij xa'Kov aLO'{t1jnxro\: TO on 0
liTO
i'njJ1jAOTEQO\: 'Kanx 10 :1ttlX. tOu Murav, 3tQaYlla IhxmoAoyoullEVOV
to SO'WT€
QL'KOV,
va V1I:O{}EO'WIlEV on
'Kal.
TOv vaov
TOU 'HQwaov, V3tsQroov 10 :1ttlX. vtVov\: O''UVETELVS
Ti}v OIlOLolloQtpLav
tou 'Kt'l1QLOV.
EI\: to O'1JIl€
LOV aVtO, (\ 'lwO'1J:1to\: ('loV(). 'AQx.moAoy(a VIII, III, 2),
Ila\: (HasL
()taO'taO'w;;. 'Evro aLa to
TO YSVL'KOv SO'WtSQL'KOV llij'KO\: O'VlltpWV€
L IlE ta 1mo
ITat dla{hl'K1J\: YQatpOllsva, uvn{}Etw\:
to EO'WtSQLXOv
60 :1ttlx. (to r' BacrLA. 'i" 2 'Xata
0',
25 :1ttlX.) xal. E:1tL toil LO'0Y€
IOV to:1tOl<t€
tEL U:1tEQroOV etsQwv
60 :1t'l]J(.
mO't€ TO O'VVOALXOv
TOU vaoil va (iVEQX€
t<U l€\: 120 :1t'l]x.
(H (ltatpoQa UQ'KSTa fJ,€
yu'-1j, E:1tS()QaO's ()LatpOQOtQO:1tw\: 811:1 tOW aLa()OXLXrov
l!x. 7. 'EyxaQoia 'Of-t1J .oU Naou .oU l!oAoKA. 1 8x.-20 :1tX.
(Benzinger. Hebraische Archaologie, <tel... 215).
fJ,EAEt1JtroV. Ot :1tAE"iO'tOL OMOAW\:
U:1t' lhjJ€
L tOV\: t01' 'lwO'1j3tov
(Perrot et Chipiez, Benzinger, Wolff, 'K.A.:1t.), toV\'aVtLOV ((UOL 00-;; (\ Paul
Berto tOY &'KOAov{toilv 8X
KaAov slVaL va aooO'wllsv llaAAOV
chat
dVaL llaAAov U:1tOQQL3ttEa. To a1Jto
'Kat IlE ta :1tAsVQLXa
<>wllutta,
8. (\
()L()SL
5X5 :1t'l]X. 'Kat
20. dvO'tv;r.ro-;;,
at 'Ka{taQro\: oi-;co()ofJ,L'Kal 'XaL YEVLXr)-;; UQXLtE'KtOVL'Kij-;; 3tA1JQOtpOQLC(L
O'ta"
fJ,atoiiv Itw-;; S()ro. "lO'w\: {lu titO <lvvatov va :1tQOO'tE{tij Ott 0 :1tVAO)V avw{lsv
toi'i ciUafJ, utV0i'itO
120
((VEV OfJ,w\:
(B' ITagaA. IV 4),
•A:1tO
OfJ,w\:
0 :1tAoilto\: tij£ ()La'KoO'Il'l]O'SW\: 'toil
Naoil
tOO'1JV EVTV1I:WO'tv, roO'tE va 'KQLvE'taL
111l:EgLygatpi)
'Ka
tOV fJ,syaAsLov 'Coil BaO'LMw\: troy OVQavrov, xal
:1t€
QLO'O'OtEQOV tOv
E:1tL 'tij\: yij\;
115
tij.;; XE/)OLV'l']<; (lQOcpij<;, ot tOLx,m ECPEQOV ErrEv/)'UaLv
EX aav(/)rov xEBQo'U. To M:TCEBov EX
x'U:TCaQLaao'U O''UVrlQfWttE IJ,Eta
tij<; E:TCEvMO'Ero<;, WatE oMalJ,ov va BtacpaLVEtat f! AL{}OBolLrl. To
{}o<; :TCQOO'ECPEQEto
61.<; ti)v avciyA'UcpOV IhaxoO'f.,t'l']aLv avtov /)La XQ'UO'rov EAflO'f.,tatrov, :TCaQLO'tWVtrov IhaxoO'f.,t'l']tLXa O'tOLx,ELa, ELA'l']f.l.f.,tEva EX tOV CP'UtLXOV xOO'f.,to'U, 00<; cpoLvLxa<;, XOAOXV\'{}a<;, «vl'l'l'] xal av{}OJtAoXalJ,o'U<; (x,aAaO'ta),
XataAArlAro<; :TCOLXLAAof.,tEva 1mo acp{}ovLa<; :rwA'UtLf.,trov AWrov, xata to Boxovv.
At O;ELaL xal :rWAvx,Qrof.,tm avaAaf,t:rcal avtrov, Exaf.,tvOv va
f! {}EQf,til
xa1
tOV Xg'UCwv tOV <PaQo'ULf,t. BlatQEx,oVtO<; to llQEf,tOV
tOV O'xotElvoii, atLA:TCvoii xEBQo\l. MEta;u xAaBrov Y.al xaQ:TCrov, :TCaQaO'taO'EL<;
a'UvEBeov tOV VEOtE'UXtOV vaov IJ,E ta<;
:TCaQaMaEL<; tOV :TCEAroQLO'U :TCaQa:TCEtaO'lJ,ato<; (Mishkan) tij<; 2:X'l']vij<; tOV MaQt'U
QLO'U, IhOtL :TCgo tij<;
toii Ll€'UtEQOVOIJ,LO'U, at av{}gro:TCOf,tOQCPOL ii
{}'l'](HOIJ,OgcpOL ai')rat EtXOVE<; oMOAro<; €{}EroQ01lVtO
EL<; ta<; Btatoli LlExaAOy0'U'
SVALVO<; BtaxroQtO'tLXo<; tOLX0<;
O"l']XOV xa1 &Bvto'U,
'£O'ro<; 2 :TCrlX' :TCaxo'U<; ('IEtEKLrlA). <0<; ELxo,;;, to ayLOv trov aYLrov fito xat avtO
:TCavtaXO{}EV, aAAa E:TCl :TCMov, E:TCl toli XE/)QLVO'U :TCAE'UQLXOV O'aVLMlf,taw;, EMaf.,tata XQ'Uaov
600 taAnVtrov xal 50 O'tXAroV BLa tou<;
l1Ao'U<;, EBtBov tilv EVtV:TCroO'LV aIJ.'U{}rlto'U :TCAOVtO'U. 'Of,tOLro<; XQ'UaoVv ritO xal
to V:TCEQ to «B'UtoV (;) Vn:EQroov (B' IIaQaA. r' 9).
<0 XQ'UO'o<; EQQEE :TCavtax6{}EV. 'A%of.,t'l'] xat to /)a:TCE()Ol' ECPEQEV EyxoAA'l']ta
XQ'UO'u xOO'lJ,rlf.,tata, {oO'tE :TCd<; oO'tL<;, (Xv rito BWatDv, {}U 8QQL:TCtE BErJ'fJf.OV
of,tf.,ta EVtO<; tOV vaoii, va xa't'€f.af,tBclVEtO V:TCO LEQOV ()eo'U<; xaL
Et<; ta EyxaQO'La tOLXCOf.,tata
aL an:aQatt'fJtoL {}vQaL. <H toli
d/)vto'U EX
aYQLEAaLa<; IJ,Eta toli :TCAaLO'Lo'U xal trol' {}'UQOCPVAAroV fJtO
6ALxoli :TCAUtO'U<;, tOV 1/6 tOV :TCAUtO'U<; tOV vaov ii 4 :TCrlXEroV. 'E:TCl trol' CPVAAroV avrij<; avaYA'UqJa XEQo'UBEtlJ,. IJ,Eta CPOLvLxrov xal aV{}Erov, riO'av €:TCEvBE()'Uf.,tEVa /)ta CPVAArov XQ'UO'oli. "Ef.,t:TCQOO''itEV aiJrij<;, 00<; xal Et<; till' 2:x'fJl'ilv tOU
MaQt'UQto'U E:TCL:TC1;E
to Xata:TCEtaO'f,ta tOV Naov, aV'fJQt'fJJ.tEVOV ()La XQ'Ucrrov aAvO'Erov, :TCOLXLAOXQO'UV EX BvO'cro'U, vaxLv{}o'U, :TCoQcpvQa<; xal xoxxivo'U,
:TCOAV:TCt·uxov. IJ,E ta<; {}Q'UALXU';; :TCaQaO'taO'EL<; trov XEQ01,BELf,t.
eH E;W1hJQCt,
aLA.aJ..l, xat €XaA, IJ,E :TCAaLO'LOV
aYQLEAatCt<;, EiXEV
EXtaaLV {}'UQOCPVAAO'U EX ()VO f,tovov xEBQLvrov O'avLBrov, :TCt{}al'ro<; :rct'UXtrov,
OALXOV rrAUto'U,;; tOV 1/4 tOV :TCMto'U<; toil vaov rj 5 rr'fJX., f.,tE ta<; aiha<; :TCaQaO'tclcrH<; XEQo'UBEl.f,t xat
avtilv :TCOA'UtEAELaV €ltcpavLO'Ero<;. IIQo<; f,tEyaA'UtEQav BE f,tEyaAO:TCQE:TCELaV, ot O'tQOCPEt<; troY {}'Ugrov ricrav EX xa{}Ctgov OAOO'Wf,t0'U x'Q'Ucroil. To aUaf.,t, 0 :TCgoBolJ,o<;, BE'll avacpEQEtaL oMaf.,tro<; al' EixE {}'U'
Qocp'UAAa.
o