Canadian Rail_no047_1954

Transcription

Canadian Rail_no047_1954
<#
A.SSOCIATION
CANADIAN RAILROAD HIS!OPJCAL
HISTOPJCAL ASSOCIATION
NEWS RE
REPORT
PORT #47
I NCOEPOEATtD.
INCOEPOEATtD.
J ULY-j.UJGUS}
ULY-!:tUGU SJ 1954
Montreal, Canada.
In accordance with custom, no meetinvs
me etinfs of the
aree held during th
thee months of July
Association ar
ust.
meeting
Association
and AUf us
t. The next
n ext me
etin g of the Associ
ation
announced
will be held Sept ember 8th,
a t h , and will be announc
ed
in the September
Se ptember News Report.
Repor t .
L________________
L,
~ Within
VJi thin the past month, both
both
'
.
NEW RAILliJAY PASSENGER EQUIPji'
EQUIH-lliNT
jj NEW
I:2NT
' large railways have made
I
L
L
interesting addition
additionss to
their passeng
passenger
er rolling
stock
s t o ck rosters. During
~uring the month of June, Canadian Na
National
t io na l RailRa i l ­
ways placed an order with the Budd Company of Philad
PhiladeJphia
eJphi a for
f or
RDC-I all-passenger type, and
two further RDC cars, one RDC-l
a nd aann RDC-4
itss kkind
baggage-mail-express type J the latter the first
fi r st of it
ind in
tlNO cars were r'e
rec~ived
.July
surpCanada. The two
ce i, ved on .Ju
Ly 6th, arrivinr,
a r-r-Lvi.ng , surp­
risingly
Yorkri
singly enough, coupled
cou pl ed to the rear
r ear of the overni
ov erni ght New York­
Montreal Del
Delaware
awa r e &:, Huds
Hudson
on pas
passenger
seng er train, arriving
arr i v i ng at
a t l!:.insL
YLinsLsor
so r
ca r s wer
St a t i on , the CPR
,e.tation,
C£R terminal. Later the same day, the cars
weree
turned over to-the
to the Canadian Na
National,
t i ona l , who in turn ar
aree making minor
preparations before placing them in service between Riviere-du-Loup
Ri v ier e- du- Loup
and Levis, Que. The two cars supplement one other 11DC
nDC car owned
by the National System, operating
op erating between Fredericton
Fre de r i cto n and
a nd Newcastle
new
RDC-I becomes CNR D-200, while the RDC-4
RDC-4
in (Jew
New Brunswick. The ne
w HDC-l
is numbered CNR DD-150.
1 50 .
Haihvay
Also in June, Canadian Pacific Ha
i hva y ordered
or dered ttwo
wo further
f ur t her
RDC car
carss fro
from
Bud d Company, a nd the
theyy were scheduled
RDC
m the Budd
s ch edul ed to be
received
weekk of
RDC-ll type, and num­
numreceiv
ed durin g the wee
of July 15th. Both RDCberedd 9054 and
presuma
bly
bere
a nd 9055, tthey
h ey will
wi l l be ssent
ent to Calgary,
Calga ry, Alta. pre
sumably
for service
s ervic e between that city and
an d ~dmo
~dmonton.
nt on .
Foll
Following
owi ng tthe
he CPR
CPR
order,
reported
ord er, it
i t was re
port ed by reliable sources
s ources that the CNR has ordered
one additional RDC car, of unspecified type, supposedly for use
between Quebe
Quebecc and Richmond, Que.
Que .
On July 4th, following
f ollowing appropriate ceremonies at Philadelphia,
accepted
in which the CPR accept
ed the first car of its ~40 million order
ord e r
stainless
for stainl
ess steel passenger equipment from the Budd Company,
Compa ny,
\~Chateau Bienville"
Bienville!! arrived in
the sleeping car I'Chateau
i n JViontreal
Mont re a l coupled
couDled
)/209,, the night Boston-Montreal service, in which it had
in train i!209
vlells
been placed at v/e
l l s River. The car was sent immediately to Anrus
An r-us
nonShops for further equipment. The "Chateau
"Cha teau Bienville"
Bienville il is a non­
our-losed
dome sleeping car, with several
s everal types of open and onrl o s ed space.
snace.
On
On July 12th, the same train brought in the second membor.
membor of·
of this
class the "Cha
HCha t.e
teau
On the same day, the fir
firos t ~i00
~ioC'01-tiC
class,
au Argenson nn ••
On
Q ll.i.c
domefl'car,
IVBanff Park nVY
dome" car, the sleeping and lounge observation car "Banff
arrived
Montreal coupled to the rear of the ?vernight
overnight D&H
arri
ved in l\10ntreal
~&H.
,. .
New York-Montreal
Par-k "ll and
a nd l~h
8.te Q ll E."lqn'll]
p,) qn '.r i ] l.r...,
York-}10ntreal train. The "Banf'f
IIBanff Park
~h8teQU
].G '~
are scheduled to be shown across Canada in the larger
larger.places,
places, .
s ta r t i ng July 19th, and ending
'/Ji l 1 also
a 1.50 b'2
starting
e~ding September
~ep~e~b~r 3rd. They
~hey 1tJl.11
b-e
Natlonal Exhibition
~xhlbltlon at
shown at the Canadian National
a t Toronto.
On July 1st, 1954, the Toronto
ion inaug­
inaugOn
Tor ont o Transit Commi ss
s sion
urated
thee Toro nto area
urat
ed its
i ts new multi-zone fare system
s ystem in
i n th
a re a .
er of suburban bus companies
intoo
A numb er
compani e s wer e inc orporated
or por a t ed int
thee n ew s et-up. Some of the
TTCC rid
rider
faree
th
t he TT
er s have found
f ound the far
system
littlee compli
compliccaa t ed,
ed , and
this
group
s y s t em a littl
a nd among th
is gr
oup is one
on e
ex-Montrealer
whosee i mpr
mpr ess
be lov,J . W
Wee
ex - Mont rea l er , whos
es siions
on s are
a re deta iled
i l e d below.
print this
t hi s with
wi th ton gu e in ch eeeek,
k, and we
we mea
meann no of
offe
f ense
nse to
thee TTC,
i..s exempl
exemplifi
th
TT C, whose progressive
pro gr es sive spirit
spi r i t is
i f i ed by the
t he nowno w­
ontoo ssubway,
only!!.
famou s Tor ont
ubwa y , Canada'sllfirs
Canada 's "f irs t and
a nd only
H.
(
(
!
r
SHOW ME TH
'vJAY TO GO HOM
THL::li; WAY
HOMEE,, or !
BUS ACROSS
BY THuLLEY
TRuLLEY AND BUS
OBICOKE
CENTRAL ET
ETOBI
COKE
Pe rry
by Lorne Perry
Here are my experiences
e x pe r i enc e s on
the Quee
Queen
n City'
Ci ty' s new
n ew (a
(and
nd
utterly incompr
incomprehen
e h en sibl
s ibl e)
e)
zone
zo
ne sys
system
t em for payment
payment of
far
thee go od old TTC.
f areess on th
If one i s ttrave
ravelling
lling wit
within
hi n
th e central
ce nt ral zone,
zo ne , th e fare
f a re
i s five
f ive t ick
i ckeets
t s for
f or 50¢ ,
ccash
ash ffare
are 15¢,
15 ¢, bo
book
oks,
s, 20 ticket
t ic k et s for
f or J~ 22.. 0 00.. Transfers
Tr a ns f e rs are
a r e hand
handled
le d
eviously;
andd 5 ¢ back
as pr evi
ou sly; ssubway
ubway tok
t ok en s ar e ttWD
wo ttokens
ok ens an
ba ck after
aft e r
depositing
central
is' compri
compriss ed
wi th
d e po siting a quarter
quart e r . Th~
T h ~ cent
r a l zone is
e d wi
t hiin
n t hhee
boundss of
Humb er River
Wess t,
Lo o p on th
east,
bound
of th e Humber
Ri ver on the
t h e We
t , Luttr ell Loop
t h e ea
st ,
loop
Lawren
Avenue
and th e lo
op north of La
wr e nccee Ave
nu e on th e north.
ll
-_.
Now
suppose
we are tra
trave
lling from the
No
w l et us su
ppo s e that we
velling
t he Centra
Ce nt ra l
thee far end of Port Cr edit, via the QUEEN car
LONG BRAN
BRANCH
c a r~1 LONG
CH
Zone to th
thee PORT CREDIT bus. . ~~Jh
boarding
thee QUEEN
QUEEN car , we
car and
a nd th
Ih e n bo
arding th
gular
et and no tr
tran
s f e r i s nneede
pay a re gul
ar Centra
Centrall Zone tick et
an sfer
e e de d. '~fue
v fuenn
thee Humb er
er Loop
Loop;; th~
BRANCH car i s wai
wai ting
th ~ LONG BRANCH
t ing
we arrive at th
(highly th eoretical) and we board it. It wi
will
ll pas
passs t hr
hrough
ou gh ttwo
wo
s uuburban
bur ba n Zones;
we can e ither
i t he r pur
purcha
ch a se
s e single
s ing l e zone tick
t i ckets
ets at
at
Zone s ; so
s o we
four
zone
ticket
rhtt fo
to r J~~ l.
thee
f our f or
or 30¢ or doubl e zo
ne ti
ck et s a t e ii.r-h
l.
Two of th
onee o f th e l at
fformer
o r me r or
or on
a ttt e r must be obtaine
obtainedd and
a nd a t rraansfe
n s fe r mus t
hen
BRANCH
bbee obtained;
o bt a in ed ; th
t hee t r ansfe
an s fe r i s fr
f ree e.
e . Whe
n l eaving
eav ing the
t h e LONG
LONG BRANCH
e , you mus
mustt show
r a nssfer
fe r to indi
indica
car at
a t th e end of
of the
t he lin e,
s how th
t hee t ran
catt e
t hat th
that
thee f are
a r e ha s be
beeenn pa id
i d u p to
t o th er
er e . The
Th e conduc
condu cto
t orr wil
wi lll have
punched
spot to
properly
that far
wass pa id
pu
n ched it in th
t hee spot
t o indica t e prop
er l y that
f ar e wa
i d up
th a t point
point.. W
Whe
ing tthe
to that
he n bo ard
a r ding
he PORT CCR~DIT
R ~DIT bu s , you s urrender
ur r ende r
the
th e tr
transfe
an sferr a nd pa y fiv e add
a ddii t iona
i ona l cen
cents
t s for
f or ea ch zon
zonee tthe
he bus
will
driver
wi
l l pass through - - in this
t his ca~e,
ca ~ e , ttwo.
wo . The dri
v er will ggiv
i vee you
r ec eipt wi
with
t h th
thee numb er
er ;14"
~14" on it to indicate
indi cate that
t hat you hav e
a zon e receipt
paid in full up to th e end of th
lin e -- zon e 4.
t h e line
4 . This
Th i s you surrs ur r ­
nder whe
whenn lleaving
bus.
e nder
eavin g th e bu
s.
Now
No w l et
et us complic
com plic at
a t e th e pr ocedure
oce du r e a lit
littt le,
le , if
i f ttha
hatt is
possible.
Le t us go to tthe
QU ~EN
change
po
s s i bl e . Let
he end of th
t hee QU~E
N line, ch
an ge to th e
e n cha nr
nr e to
he M
MIMICO
buss with
within
LONG BrtANCH, a nd th en
t o t he
I MI CO bu
i n zon e 2 ,
th
en cha
nge to th e Q U.c.;Er~m
l s o within
wi t h in zone 2 , th
t hen
a ng e
then
change
U~ ENmJJAY
AY bus, a lso
en ch
Change
AY bu
buss wi
witt h in
andd finally
endd up in
zonee
ttoo th e KINGSWAY
i n zonE! 22,, an
fin ally en
i n zon
3 aboard the ssame
ame bus. This in
i,; a rat
rathher
er involv
involved
ed fa
f a r e syst em.
em .
Aboard th
thee LONG
LONG BHANCH
BHANCH ca
carr,, we 'N
wiill
l l ?£Jay
ay a twotwo-zone
zo ne f ar
a r e (or t wo
i d ll t o th e end of
one-zone
on e -zone fa
fares)
r e s ) and
a nd rrec
ec eive
e ive a tr ans
a nsff er
er mar
marked
ked lItlpa
pa id1!
zone 2. This we wi
will
l l dis
d is pl ay
a y ~h
~h en
e n l eaving th e carl
car; a nd wi
will
l l a lso
l so
display but not r elin
elinquish,
qui sh, \'\'Vh~
'1'11(; n boardi
boarding
ng tthe
he MUnCO
MU n CO bu
bus.
s - . Now
~bw
thi
thiss proc edure also
a l s o hold s good
goo d 9n th e next
next cha
change
nge [unl
(unless
e s s tthe
he
conduct
con duct or
or punc
punchhed
e d th
thee tr ans
Clnsff er
er' f or
or t ;18
:18 wrong
wr ong zon e , whi
which
ch ha
hass
happened more than once).
onc e).
No
Now,.
w,. on th
thee 1l aaqt
st cha
change
ng e , one of
of ttwo
wo th
things
i ngs can be don e . You
Yo u call
can
t::
\...· r""
o.y~
Cl. Z,Ull
Lo V!! '='
v ,:;,,:;.~n
~nr
'" 'b"y
'b"Y rr o.
y -i ng
n g .an
:.:I.r'
addft
ad d x't.Lona.L
lona l n
nlck
i ck el; or you can hang onto your tra n s fer
f er Q;ld
o.: l d hh~.i'"''''
""
-o
a fi
fight
ght with th e driver
driv er at
a t th
thee end of th e line.
line . I nt
nteresting,
ere s ti ng,
what?
what ?
If you wis
wi s h to board th e LONG BRANCH
BRANCH car
ca r in Zone 1 and
t ra ve l ttoo Zone 2 with
travel
wi t h no
n o ttr(!
rv.ns
nsfe
f'e rs,
r-s , you pa
pay
y a t wo-zone
wo -zone ttick
ick et) aanndd
r e ccee ive
i ve a zon
zonee r e ccei
e ipt
pt which
wh i ch you must
mus t s urr
ur r end
endeerr whe
whenn leaving
l eav i ng
th e car (by th e fr
froont
nt doors
door s on ly),
l y ) , or you can
ca n pay a sinf
sin ~ll e zo
zone
ne
tick et,
e t, stay
s tay on pas
pastt th e zon
zonee boundary
bounda ry th en pay anot
anothhee r s ing
i ng l e
wh
ca r.
wheenn l eaving th e car.
sur~
l!de rr yo~r \:'~~
\:':t~8.n
s :f~:r
1."
s u r ~ e r:de
B n S:1
0r- ~nd f.;p.
~p. l."
\
.L
J..
I think t ha t thi
thiss illustrat
illus tr a t es mo st
s t of th
t h e cas
cases
es wh ic
i chh can
can
se , but it does
ca n ha
happ
Cz e chodo es not explain
e x pla i n what can
ppeenn when a Cze
ch o­ a ri
r ise
slovak
s t off the
boat ge ts
thee car, and
whenn asked
re
slo
vak ju st
t he boat
t s on th
a nd , whe
a sk e d whe
where
's go ing
ep li es I1Don'
unne rst an
'il. Tr
50¢
h e 1s
i ng , r epli
I1Don ' unnerst
a n'1t.
Tr u e , h e proffe
pr of f errss a 50¢
pi ece,
e ce , bu
butt can
can't
' t und er
er stand
s t a nd why any
a ny questions
ques t i ons have
ha ve t o be ask ed .
.
conducctt or
or starts
s ta r ts mumbl
mwnblinf
i nf t o hims
himself
elf and
a nd d i s hes
he s out
ou t ticke
t ickets
ts,,
Th e condu
tr ansfer
a nsfer and
a nd zone r ec
e ceeii pt, thus pro
providing
v i d ing for
f or any eventuality
ev en t ua l i t y .
.
Some l ad
a diies
es think
t h i nk tha t th e conductor i s be
being
ing no
nosy
sy when he
know
wheerr e they
th e y a r e go ing
andd th
they
wants to kno
w wh
i ng , an
ey won't t ell.
they
or su
supperl1.
Littl e kids get
ge t on a nd say
s ay th
ey are going "home f or
pper".
driv e conduc
conductors
i ng ,
All this is calculat ed to drive
t or s stark,
s tark , rrav
av ing
l-go ne , crazy,
em onc e sa id to
cra zy , MAD. One of th em
t o e ve r yybody
body and
r ea
eal-gone,
ge
neral
midst
tussle
passeng
e r) "C
an you
g e ne
ral (in th e mid
st of a tu
s sl e with a pas
s en ger)
"Can
yo u
ature any
a ne man
e aming u p a s ys
ystt em
em lik e tthis?
iT.
f eeature
a ny s ane
man dr eaming
his? 11.
be causee most
peo pl e must hav
ha v e a deta
Servic e slows
s l ows down, becaus
mo s t peopl
de ta il
i l ed
ex
expl
planat
a nation
io n of a ll
l l tthe
he po
poss sibilitie
s ibilitie&,
fr, whi
which
ch in the
t h e end the y do
undder
er st
stand
-zon e tick
andd th en fin
findd
ot un
and aanyway.
nyway . They buy t wo
wo-zone
ti ck ets
e ;~ s an
nnot
onee zon e.
e . They
Th e y drop
ce ipt s in the
$~hey
hey a r e only go ing
i ng on
dr op th e zon e r e ceipt
box.. They try and try to
bac k doo rs
r s . The
They
f are
a r e box
t o l eave
e av e by th e back
y pay
central
zone
viccee ver
versa.
ce nt ra l zo
ne ti ck ets in th e s uuburba
bur bann zones,
zone s , aand
nd vi
s a. Th ey
ge
g e t ma
mad
d wh
when
en th e driver t ells
e ll s th
them
em to
t o put in anothe
a not he r ti
tick
ck et, saying
say ing
111
'11 paid
pa i d my fare
f are whe
whenn I got
got on, what
wha tss amatter,
amat ter, y
yaa blind er sumthin
sumt hin '?"
T?"
ca lm, normal operation,
ope r at ion, and to aavo
To s eeee calm,
vo id rrunnin
unn ingg
pass
pa s s enger
enge rs'
s' riots in th e s uburb
ubur ban
a n zo
zonn es
e s , vi sit
s it ors
or s should
sho u l d
about
a bout two y ears befor
be for e coming:
comi ng to Toronto.
Toro nt o . By t hat time ,
r apped
TTC officials will b eo f ed up, a nd wi
wi ll
l l have sc
s crap
ped th
t hee
thing !
int
i nt o
wa iitt
even the
who l e
whole
e : Toronto still ha
hass to go a long
beat th e f are
ar e
Ed.Not e:
l ong way to beat
system
whe r e a sma ll
sys
tem in Boston,
Bos t on , where
l l "gu
ilgu ide
i de book ll i s i ssued
s s ued
t elling
e lling the
ssenger
wha t to
line.
t he pa
pass
en~ e r what
t o do on ea ch lin
e•
- - - - - - - - - - - - --------_... .... - .. -.- .. ..
-- - ._ , ....-
_-_
•
~
...•• _
Il
L
~
_ .. .
.
. _ .
_ .
•
.•
_
~
.•.
_ .
_ ~
---~
.. . •. J
..
Dur
Durin€"
i nr th e month
mo nt h of M
May
ay
Can
adian
Pac if ic Ra
Haiilwa
l vva y
Can8di
a n Pacific
Company
Compa ny l e t contra
contracts
cts fo
f orr
con st
s t ructi
r uct ioonn of it
i t s new
Zjy l,
l , 500,000
500 , 00 0 branch line eext~nding
xt end ing from
f r om Havelo
ck to.
t o Neph~or:
Nephton , Ont .o
~Iave lock
minn ing
ope ratlonss of Amer
Ame rlc
an Ne
Neph
Llmltt ed
to s erve
erv e the mi
i ng operation
ican
phee llne
l i ne Limi
ed..
l e Quarr ie
i ess Lt
Ltdd.. of Picton,
Onto
ir s ~ .
Roblinda
Ro
bl i nd a le
Pi cto n , On
t o will
wi l l build th e ff irst
9
9!~ mi
mile
l e s ection
e ction north fro m Havelock,
Ha vel o ck , includin
i n cludin g a 15
1500
00 fo
f oot
ot s iding
l d 7ng ,
it/hil
Inc.,
Montr
will
ema lnwhi l.ee Quemo
( ~u emo nt Const
Co nst ructi
r u ct ioon
n Lnc
,, M
ont r eal,
e al, wi
l l build th e . r emain­
mill es
e s.. Idork
ctedd to be completed
compl et ed in Apr
Aprll
ing s even
ev en mi
\iJor k is expe
expecte
i l 1955.
CuNTRA
CT S LET ON CPR
CPR BRANCH
BHANCH LINE
LINE
CuN
TRACTS
'rFf~
Till:
!i{{
CAI~ADIA.N
C
AI~AD IAN
NOR'I'J-mRN
NOR
THERN
PATI,wAY
PAEWAY
l'a 1.Lway
,1way sst~he
'1le s
ot COU:1t
COU.:1t the ambitious
ambitiou s rai
t~he rnes
""On8
0n8 could
co uld n ot
th::-:.
+/ wr:;
W0I'e
~eii.:--ed
c.raC::·
~L.rj
vfi.1:1i~)(':;F
d~l~"'i·!J.g
th ~:' +J
r' e Gc~:
ec ~~ ~
e iv' e d or
or era
s_ : ·~! ._~:d
~: d .i.n
~ri.1
:-1i!.)6f d1
1 ~"' i'! Jg
t }-; 0 eigr
t.lr·; s c<:1.d
nut i(,,s , S,X:l€
,5C':,I€- DC,:,
')') tto
o ;',J
.u.c:L un­
t}-;8
eigr [·.if,;s
r!.: 1.d Ili
Ilinutid.'3
Do:>'n
:'~lusL
·~J.n'
ss e-m
t;I')n J, ..)')rnd
. 31 )nt~~ ttCI
<:-, ",r;-~;.:i
~r;-~ ;.~ i ..!.vfj
t f:: tt.l~Je
.he .i;:
i:.'" r
r~O:
-:- () : j;)
J.)8
C:;C~J
C~).']
;3 on
o n the
t hcJ r:r;)
r r Dii~·".,"'ie
--'i e
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i.,.)j;~
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JY~ 1~
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t~OJ.Oi
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llS
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:1.. J.l,l
t.t .l 11"::;:L·:;.tht:;r
) '~h
'~he
bcn:'nd_1_8,'JS
ti()30m
of
the
b-.:::- l,'\T)r2.
~..J; l~.? L
· ~.t l }. t:;r (~d
c~d tt '')
e bor-nd
.l.es s 1)
o30m o
f
CoP hh'n'o
,;'; ) ?;r'
3 n t:~ n g of 0::-1<"
C::'"lS charter
char t e r bJ the D,)~l­
Dora­
cor
:':)
2;r'3nL~ng
1.vCV8
:;.r.:
p,qrli:L?r ;tl:C;
;r):C;J:t.
::n )).• •• •• H':l
S fr cig
c i ght,:;
w=- tth.h
:;'
r :II(':"1
..( .:"1 p,qrl
J: '!:. , , c~ ((;Y
:Y 1N"OV
8::n
\oJSS
h i,('; d w::'
merE:'
c.ec::t.ir(r
me
r e ,)1."
o.i' C;·v,ad:;c:t:1
C;,v, a dj a ;:1 c.c
f:t.,in7 tth
.nixt!.
n 'lll
'1'11 th3
t h e; others
ot he rs rput
ut
t'J(~";
th(:;:.
it: ·w
c:A, .'l'';;""ned
D:rJis
t
'J(~ ";L
h ( o :. ·' .
:it
wa8.:.3.s o:Aa
ne d by
by the Dav
i.s firm
f i r m cf
c e'liYl;t.!:,:,:::
ane,
~?Yr r~
l'~e
:_j Ct
~(u'l.
rind aa'.~tr'.ori
C'li l' :l ,:; L:,)2
aile, ere :J
C!. ll :I]
;r'l. cEr2nt
r 2nt .nd
.rt.nor-i. ty
ty
if~ld'3ori
bay ·'
~ t:1e
r:1:W~t8r
Lakt:
H;;'L-­
to J't-;CL.'L
n )Cl.'t: i!~
l d')OJ-' Bay
t :1'9 r.l:12:-'
G eT of tthe
he La
ke H::tL
Tay a
iLttooa
and
Cal,al Co.npany
Co;.1pal1y ., i;ii
o oa R1ih
R'l ihTay
nd CanaL
-Trairts
o11e
- Tr a i rts of Re c ol
l e ctior
ct i or
D. B. Hanna & A. H ,Xt
_'.·l~ke:';
~k 8::;
0
n
",
Co
Commencing
mme nc i ng with
wi t h thi
thiss issue,
i ssue , we are ppublishing
ub li s hi ng a s erie
e r iess of
of art.,
ar~_. :"'~ i_;, '3
, ~s
8
C.~lNADIAN
R/l.1LW1\Y , one of the origina
original
TU;:<I.,~' <
on the
t he C/1N
ADIAN NORTPERN
NORTHERN R/tIU-JAY,
l consti
c on sti TU:::<',~'
present
ways 44
thoo f('Y')~l
-~·~t·
t he pr
e s e nt Canadi an National
Nat ional Rail
itailways
They take t.h
f (" ' i~ L ::J
c:':' ,_
,::;t··writt
n by an i ma
maginary
Nort11d:':;:
::; ';;,
" '.
t ers
e r s wr
i t t een
g i n ar y employee of t he Canadian
Ca na di a n Nortll
d:':;: :f':f ' ~'~ ::;
t he ti
t i me
me the
f i r s t nu
cl e us , the LAKE MANI
MANI TOBA RAILHi-.Y
RA I LHi-.Y & CiiNJ;.:,
CitNI;.:::, 'X,.
(~C. , ''1:',8
t he first
nucle
'.':~.8
r a tion,
cember
896 .
pla c ed i n ope rat
ion, De ce
mb er 1),
15, 11896.
All
f ac t s r epo
rt e d "Ji
T
.Jill
historically
Ci',r: [)8
Al
l fac
e port
l l b e histori
cal l y accurate
a cc ur a t e,, as f<:1T
f ;:1T a..s c.m
[ )8
ned
f rom
cf; :'j.
:~ j.l:?s
as certai
c er t ai ne
d fr
om thE:
t he information
i nf or mat i on a vail
va i l aole
a ol e to tthe
he author
aut ho r of t hhe;e; Gf;
t:?s ,,
Anthony
C1E:gg .
Antho
ny Clegg
Bibli
_._
---_.<Jgraphy
_._ ._- _.­.
Trains
I'raf ns of Recol
Recollectio
l ectio n - D.Il
D. D.Ifann2,
. Ba nnC'. and A.Hawke
A. Hal.vkess
Til')
'J''1.or r/~·0 n - D i Arcy
A.rcy lViarsh
1'
;1') r;r;·~·i.;,t8rly
'~ '-. ;t8 rly of ;innr-y
dnnry Thornt.on
Harsh
Ej:j\_: ~vc
l, ·) p'1,(.;(~
. i c:L of
of t;-lC
t~~l C Canaeti2
Ca na di.e n rbrt
Nart .hern
E)j\_:~1!
(:l')V".'.o
(~i:=l
h8J~n :RC:.ilvlay
n.f'.ilvlay.lt
8 a ~. o. lj=- a n l'l~l
i .o ria'L Hys . ~:bgazille
;:Ic,gaz in8 - vvarious
a r i ou s articles .
Ca:-:.J.u:'an
l'l~L tb,0l1':l.1
I
LA
L ~1 J,( £
/\//. J.
A /\//_"]
J2
;t.1 / L VI/A
LAj'A >/
/2 ;Ll
)./
co
CO ;;4)/
;;4i~A I~I
/ \/ V
V
/V//-\
i3 A
/ v { LI /\/ ,I/ 7-0
7 -0 B
c/~ /\//.!'i
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December
De cembe r
15,, 1897 .
15
Our
Ju
little
123 .44
Ou r First
Firs t Anniversary
Annivers a ry !
J u st
s t a year
y e ar ago
a go today our
our lit
tl e 123.
mil
mi Lo
G r a iJxo
i.l .r o ,:d
a d 'W:
·W~i.S
l S ojJ(?l1(;d
o p e n od for
f o r t.thro
h r-o urr
uGh
h bus i n
ness
e ss -_.-,- and i t seems like
l ike
vJi2.
li c.)f1
_c! '> } :"l ::'I~'c.
" ~_C
aanJ.
ndiJo
n a l d f,'r.'jj[.:,
nn ,
who bbought
o u g h t tr'e
t.r e charter
c h art er of the
t he
vJi2.1ia(1ci<,.~~·l
iJona
c.:.nn
L2.].;:
e ~ j;)~'''.:'',~
.,),:",,:: t,lb
Gi. x{
c ih'n Y (;,nd
l Co. fr
om th e [;3,v
L.:lv i::,
o nt r-c ct
i ng f r.r
rn ,
L 2. ].;:8
t<'iJa.
l{clil'\'n~r
(;~nd CaPE
Ccu'El
from
L :; ccontr(::
c~;i'1g
J. rm
jjU
u :3t
~:; t l,',·/o
tHO :'("
;1e .::,
,:':- ,1"5
1"'s c~.go)
,~, g o) ;J.
a rrcc nnot
ot ["oing
C O J (l[ tto
o b e disapp,
d is a p po: )inted
t.n t.ed . AJresd,:r
A ]regd~y we '
are
'TIlx(>,1 tra
tricee a 1;,eek
ci TlY-flir
a r e 0-;-(;
(j Y;<~ rr'at::'
' c;;, t :::' ~1g ,:1.
<1. :nixr;J
tr a i n t 1v-ric
we ek b Gtwe:::n
e twe e n fPortC1.C;p
'or t ct CE' J cci
Pra i r i e
arid
:;_ iJ. ~'Lj::1,
~· Li :.'l, :running
r-unni ng over
o v e r the I'lani
Ha nl to
t ob
a Northwestern
No r t hwe s t e r n t :)·')~;h
~~ rl e s
S ''~::.:n
:H tt of
of
anci ~ ,'I:'I ::.11
ba
our
ouroK.
01;\·:C
, L2:;,1.c;
L' 2 :;.l. ·S ~:tt
~it Cladstone
Cl ads t o ne .
Da
Dad
d Eis
i1 i steen
t ee n , tthe
h e conclu.c';or}
c o n d u cr. or , ;Ol~:lllll,.l
. .l 13i
Bi l l y
~alker
thee eenginee~
usua lly
make
~Qurs
~ a lk er,; th
ng i n ee ~ usual
ly ma
k e th e trip i n just over
ove r SlX
S lX ~o
ur s ,
(
which is not bad whe
whenn it is r ealiz
e aliz ed that we hav
havee no t elegraph
e legraph
stations
Plum~s
s t a t ions north of
o f Pl
umas .
And of course
cour s e th ey r e ally live up to
t (:
train
anywheree for
our motto
mo t t o - SERVICE .
The tr
ain willusually
wil l us ua l l y stop anywhGr
rs, although
es"
ppassenge
a ss e ng ers,
a lt ho ugh l ocations
o cation s are not shown
s ho wn in the
t he timetabl
timetablGs~
Once
On c e a we ek we pro
provide
v i d e a s e rvic
r v i cee to Sifton
Si f to n , sixt
sixtee en miles
mi le s pa
pass t
~
~auphin,
au phin, a lthough
l t h ough t hat
h at section
s ec tion is
i s still
s till un der
d er construction an~
an~ i s
nnot
ot include
includedd in our r eGrul
rul ar
a r sch
schedul
e du l es
es.. M
Mr.
r . D. B. Hanna, th
thee sup­
super iint
n t end
e nden
ent,
t , hhaa s a copy of
o f Timeta bbllee No.1, issue
issuedd l as
a stt J anuary,
h a nging
n g Lng on th
t h e wal
wa lll of his
h i s offic e.
e . vIe
vie are
a rc no
now
w using Tabl e No. 3 ~
iissued
s sued Oc
Uctober
t o be r 8th
8th..
411
~ll our chi efs s eem
e em to be good
~ood men
to work f or.
or .
Of cour
course:
s e.
donn 't
boss
11 ,
M
a ck e nnzi
we do
' t see much
mu ch of the
t he ifbig
ifbi g bo
s s",
Mrr.. M
Mack
z i e , for hhee is
is a
v ery
e ry bUsy
busy man.
He i s conn
c o n nee cted
c ted with the Toronto
Toro nt o Ra ilwa
i l wayy and
a nd the
t he
INi
n n i p e g Ele
Winnipeg
El e ctric
c t r i c tram
tram lin
lines
es and is now a ls
l soo involved
involve d in building
ot he r railway
a nnother
r ailway east of W
vJinnipeg
i nn i peg .
M
~ 'Ir.
r . Man
rJla nnn is a lso
l so extremely
e x t r eme l y
busy, but h e is very big aand
nd slo
slow-moving,
w-moving, and seldom
s e ldom se ems t o bbee
in a hurry.
VlhClt
VlhCl t a great
g rea t day
d a y it must
mus t h eav
wee bee
b e en
n whe
when
n thos
thosee two
first met. Mr.
r . Hanna has told
tol d me that
tha t it was in 1884,
1884 , wh il
i lee th
they
ey
we
wer
r e both wor
working
k i ng on th
thee C.P.R.
C. P . R. in the Rockies.
Rocki es.
It seems
s e e ms tha
t hatt
they
wer e ind
independent
ental
th
ey were
e pendent contractors
contra ctors for the
th e transcontin ent
al lin e
and
that
mules
The
ea n d th
a t their
t h e i r foremen
f or eme n had
h ad got
go t their
th eir mul
e s mixed up.
Th e for e­
me n WGr
Gree almost
thee matt er
e r when Ma
~1a cke
ckenzie
men
a lmo st coming
c omi ng to blows about
a b out th
n z ie
s e ttled
rgume
a n ely
e ly bbyy a lt
and Mann
Mann st epped
e ppe d in a nd
n d se
t t led th e a rg
ume nt
n t s an
l t ernatee r nate ­
picking
teams
entt th ey wen
wentt into
ly pi
cking te
ams .
Four yyears
e ars a ffter
te r this ev
e ven
partne
r ship.
s hip. If only all m8n
partn er
men hhad
ad such judgment and
a n d common
c ommon s ense!
a
Mr.
Mr . Hanna , the superint
s upe r i n teendent,
n de n t , is
i s a Scot who hhas
as work ed in th e
Eas
Eastt for t be Gr
Grand
and Trunk Ha
Hailway
i l way and
a nd the New York Central RR, but
hass bbee
Manitoba
employee
Man-­
ha
e e n in M
a n i t oba since
s i n ce 1886.
1 8 86.
He was an
a n emp
l o yee of th e Man
itooba
ba a nd Nort h \\/es
thee famous
it
/e s tteern
r n at
a t th e time of th
f amous Battle of Fort
W hy~
e~ and
although
profe ssion, h e has
thee knack
kna ck
h y~e~
a nd altho
ugh a n account
a cc ou ntaant
n t by profession,
h a s th
ry able
ope r a tions.
of hhandling
a nd l ing men , aand
nd makes
make s a vveery
a b le chief
chi ef of oper
Looking
Lo oking at a map of
o f th e distri
district
ct through which our trains operop~­
might
e ree would be littl
e lihood of
at e, i t mi
ght a pppear
pe a r that
t ha t th er
li ttl e lik elihood
of much
traffic,
surrounding
Dauphin,
thee
tr
a f f i C, but in r eeality
a lity th
t h e area
a rea sur
ro und i ng Dau
ph i n , one of th
bestt wheat
plains,
wellbes
wh e at belt
b elt s on th
t h e plain
s,
i s rath
r ath Gr
Gr wel
l -ssettled
ett led .
The
pione
er s,
s , who now tra
v ell in our two s e cond-ha
pio
n e er
t rave
c ond - h a nd Hathbun-built
Ha t h bun- bu i l t
coache
s, fi
first
came and sett
orig inal proj ection
e ction of
co ach es,
r st carne
s et t l e d along
a lo ng the
t h e original
when
thatt ro
road
ended
building
ma in
th e C.P.
C. P. R., wh
en tha
a d int
int en
d e d bu
ilding th
t h e ir
i r mai
n line bbee­
tween
La k e Man
Manitoba,
through
Yellowhead
twe
en Lak e Ui nn ipGg
i pe g and
a nd Lak
itoba , a nd th
r ough th e Ye1
l owhead
Pass.
Pa s s.
Of course
cou r se , when the
th e Pacific
Paci fic built furth
f u r t hee r south across
a cr o s s
th e plains and throu gh th e Kickin g Horse Pass
Pa ss , th ey we
were
r e strand
stra nd ed
ed
as
raill tr an3
a tion
wass conc erned.
ir agitation
a s far
f ar a s rai
a n s port ati
on wa
e rn ed. The
Th eir
ag i tat io n for
railway
a nt factors
railwa
y s ervic
e rv i c e was one of th e mor e import
im port ant
f a ct or s - culmina
cu l mi na ting
t i ng
th99 Lak
Lakee Ma
Manitoba
now tthat
a d and
in th
n i t o ba Railway;
Ra i lwa y ; and now
hat
we hhave
av e our ro ad
a nd
pment
e y aare
we ll t ak
a kGn
car e of.
equi ?ffic
nt in
i n good condition,
cond i t io n , th ey
re be ing
i ng well
en care
At
thee L . r-,I
e condAt pres ent , th
~L.R.
H. rolling stock
s t o ck consists of two s ec
ond­
m otivcs
Rathbun
s, and
e i ght ca
hhanJ
a n.' ~J <; o m.
o t i v cs,, th e two Rat
h bu n coache
coa ches,
a n d fifty fr eight
c arrss
newiy-b~ilt
n e w~ y - b~il t by th
thee Crossens
Cr os se ns of Cobourg.
Cobo u rg .
I t has be
been
e n rumoured
rumoure d tha
thatt we will soon
s oo n bbe
e incre asinr
asing both our
rolli
r olling
ng stock
s t o ck and
a nd our s e rvic e,
e , aass well as
a s the l ength of our ljn
ljne.
e.
What
compe titors say,
eh ead
What would
wou l d our competitors
s ay, if we could r eeach
ach the Lak ehe
ad??
We have s a id that the South
Sout h Montreal
Montrea l
terminus,, and it
itss 1')ridg
were
terminus
)r i dgee , we
re abandoned
in
lS64,, "f
"following
compl etion
et ion of the
i n 1864
ol l owi ng the compl
Victoria Tubul
Tubular
ar Bridge . Forty years
ter,, howeve
however,
Hsluices u were stil l
l aater
r , the Hsluices"
ii ll ll f air
a ir condition
condi tion with ssome
ome rails
r ails and ties s ttill
i l l in place ••
• • Tod ey
2 Y :~
etely
rotted
away,, the
illing has ttumbl
eJ
'~~11 1 e
8 cribwork
cr i bwor k has compl et
e ly rott
ed away
t he backf
backfilling
umbl ed
andd the ice
andd the current hav
wo rkk of
des-­
dcJ_owr_
o wr:.. ~ an
i ce an
havee completed
com ple t ed th e wor
of des
G;:, ~
;~ u ct
c t ion
i o n so tha
thatt ve
very
ry little rema ins.
ins .
From the
t h e Sa
Saint
i nt Lambe
Lambert
rt shore
shore,,
CR0 0S ING THE RI
RIVER
CR00SING
VER
Part 2
Ij
Ro bert
R.Brown
lI.._____.bby Robe
r t R.
Brown
I
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SK}:I;TCI-I
BETIVEEN ST.
ST.LAMBERT
HOFFATS IISLAND.
SKJ:<;TCH OF I'BRIDGE"
I'BRI DGE n BET\JEEN
LAMBERT AND NOFFATS
SLAND.
ma y see
na rrow pi
pile
stones
one may
s e e what sseems
eems to be a long
l ong narrow
l e of tumbled st
ones
extending in a pe rfect
r fec t ly
l y strai
stra i ght lin
linee out to Moffats
of f a t s Isla
Is l and
nd but ffew
ew
peo pl
p~ e to
t oda
dayy re al
alize
ize that it
i t i s the rem
remaa ins
i ns of what
wha t was once one of
the
th e mos
mostt iimport
mpor t ant rrailways
ailwa y s in
i n America
America..
building
Saint
Lawrence
ild ing a railwa
r a ilwa y bridge across th e Sa
i nt Lawren
ce
The i dea of bu
Ri v er
er at
10ntreal,
ina ted long before the form
formaattion
Riv
a t or near I,Mo
nt r ea l , orig inated
ion of
Trunk
Railway,
Saint
Lawth e Grand
Gra nd Tr
unk Ra
i l wa y , which finally
fina lly did build iit.
t. The Sa
i nt Law­
rrenc
e n cee & At
Atlantic
lant i c Ra ilroad
i l r oad , fro m Longueui
Longueuill to
toward
ward Port
Portland,
land , Me.
e . was
Young,
promoters,
A. J'v1 . Morto
n,,
bbarely
are l y started when John You
ng , one of
of it s promot
ers , and A.M.Mor
t on
i eff Eng
Engineer,
ame interested
project..
its Ch ie
i ne e r , bec
be came
i nt er e s t ed in th e bridge project
Mr
Mortonn made a cursory examina
tion of
lS46 , and he
Mr . }10rto
e xami nation
of th e river in
i n 1846
suggested
would
wha t is now the eas te
t e rrnn pa rt
sugge
s ted a bridge which wo
u ld start
s tar t in what
rt
Verdun,
diagona lly
of Ver
dun , cross
cro s s the middle of
of NUIB 't Isla
I s l a nd a nd thenc e diagonally
Southh Shore,
bovee Sa int
Lamacro ss
s s ttoo the Sout
Shor e , about a mile and a half a bov
i nt Lam­
making
thee bridge some
bbert,
e rt, mak
i ng the entire length of th
s ome 11,540
11, 540 feet.
feet .
l S47, an experienced
ngineer
I n 1847,
ex pe r ienced American e ng
i neer named Gay was engaged
en ga ged
to
er from Lapra iri e
r i ver
t o mak e a thorough reconnaissance survey of the riv
down to
t o the fo
f ooott of St.Helens
St .Helens Island.
I s l a nd. He subs
sUbs equent
e quently
ly expre
express
ss ed the
opinion
opin ion that it woul
wouldd be too
t oo da
dangerous
ng er ou s to build a bridge anywhere
bbelow
e low the foot
foo t of Nuns Island
I s land and he suggested two f avo urabl
ura bl e altera l ter ­
sites,
r and lower.
extended
nate sit
es , known as,the
a s the uuppe
pper
lower . The upper
u pper one exte
nded
-_
._._..---_- .----------. -------_.-_._.---_.. ._...-.. -_ .
-- --'-_
,/
MUNTREAL
u NT REAL BRI
BRIDGE
SITES
DGE SI
TES
.r\J, - M
Moorrton,
t on , 1846
IJ ~ Gay (lower
), 1847
D( l ower),
(upper)),, 1847
c·· Gay (upper
f:fi - Ke
Keee fe
f er
r , 1851
i
/
/
I
(
1 f r--'\....
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Moffats Id.
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Pointe
<Jet\\.
c
St . Lamb e rt
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t
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f.
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M 0 N T REA L ~
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St.Helens Island
f
--. . . . . I
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G'{) r
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M&LRR
'
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_
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-=, r====r- - !
One Mile
r"Iil e
N
,t -
"-- '~ -' -"' - ' -'. -
\
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(..-,;;'0 / 17- r
/(/ c3
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L/"':d
( Rapids
Ra pi ds))
((
-­
,. ") Q \,,'
r- e /7 C
r?
!
\
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-
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. \---'
. ',
... I "
J(;h' l"
\
'
\,
;
~/ LLa
..
~. ~:ralrle
Iv'ia
p showi
showing
ng four
f our pro
proposed
posed br idge
i dge s it
i teess . "Elf
" Elf i nd
ndicates
i cat es
Iv'£ap
Victoria
Tubular
Bridg
e
as
fin
a
lly
built.
Victor ia Tubul ar Bri dge
fi na
buil t .
RRB
(I
fromm a po
point
s land,
400 yards below
below it
itss uupper
fro
i nt on Nuns ' I sl
and , about
a bout 4UO
pper
point
t(-:? shore , about
2~ mi
l ess b ,:?>~_~_ ,)f'
eend,
nd, acrOss
a crOss to a po
i nt on the opposi
oppo s i te
about 2!
mi le
,) f·'
Laprair
whii ch wo
would
make
thee bri
bridge
La pr airiie,
e, wh
uld ma
ke th
dge 14 , 960 f eet
ee t in length.
l engt h.
1he
from
mile
The lower
l owe r one eextended
xt ended fr
om a paint
po int about
ab out ~ mi
le a bove
bo ve the
t h e fo ot
ot
thee island
thee opposite
of th
i s l a nd to th
o pposit e shore,
s ho re , a ddist
i s t ance
a n ce of
of 12,540
12 ,5 40 feet,
f e et,
recommended
He strongly
s t r ong l y re
commended tthe
he upper
up per s ite
i te in
i n spite of
of its
i t s great er
er
s upe rs t r uc t ure was
,arran[" ed in tha
l ength . The superstructure
length.
w<;l.s to be of wood
wood,arranred
thatt
form
framing
Burrr 't ~)s combined
f orm of fr
ami ng known as
a s Burcomb i ne d arch and truss,
t rus s , aand
nd
supported
sup port e d on ttwo
wo abutments
a butme nts and 55 pie
piers,
rs , wi
with
t h a cl
c l ear distance
distan ce
o f 200
20 0 ffeet
e et betwe
of
bet ween
en tthe
h e pie
piers.
rs . Application
Ap pl i ca t i on was ma
made
de for st
statL1
at L1 ~ · ·'
ory authority
a ut ho r i t y to buil
buildd the
t he bri
bridge
dge bu
butt the
t he Legi
Legissla
l ature
tur e r eeject-sd
j ec t- s d
the
th e plea
pl ea bec
because
ause it was
was felt
f elt that the
th e brid~e
bridr,e wo uld iimpede
mpe de
navigation
much..
nav i gat i on too much
In 1851 th
thee subject
subj ect of an
a n extension
ext ensio n of the
t he rrailway
ail way we
westw.e_
s t w2_ ?~ (~
fro m IJIont
IJIon trreeal
a l was
WA.S again
a ga in taken
t a ken up and a commit
committee
tee was aopo
.3. npoint
i.nt.ed
eci
topro
toprocure
cu r e an examination
examinat i on of
of the pro
proposed
pose d route
r out e from
from Montreal
ont r ea l
toKin gst
gs ton.
on .
John Young was cha
chairman
irman of
of the
t he commi
comm itt
tteeee and he
wasstill
thee bridge question
wass t i l l as
a s rresolute
esolut e on th
qu e stion as he was in 1847 .
OnJunee JJrd
1$5J, the conduct
thiss import
wass en­
enOnJun
r d ,,...liL5L,_the
co ndu ct of thi
i mpor t ant
a nt survey
s urv e y wa
t r us tedto Tho
ma s Coltrain
Co I t r ain....KQ..
e ffer,
er , a ta
l ent ed you
ng Canadian
Can a di an
trustedto
Thomas
M.~
talented
young
engine
e r,, and he was iinstru
examination
e ng ine er
ns t r uc~
te'a.' to
t o make
mak e a tthh ird exami
na t i on of
thee river.
river .
sted
proposed
would
b(,;g inn
th
It was ssu
u ggf~e
r-e st.
e d that
t hat the
t he pro
po s ed lin e wo
uld begi
at
supposed
terminus
Wee llinf
a t a su
ppo s ed te
rminus near the
t he W
l l i nr ton
t on Street bridge over
ove r
thee La
Lachine
proce
th
chine Canal,
Cana l , and
a nd pro
ce ed to a po int
i nt on the
t h e south
so uth shore
mo
most
s t conveni
conve n i ent for
f or a connection
co nne ct io n with the
t he St
St .Lawrence
. Lawren ce &
6c Atl
Atlantic
antic
ad. He boldl
boldlyy selected
site
yardss be low
Ra ilro
i lroad.
s e l e ct e d a si
t e about
abo ut 400 yard
l ow the
th e
pres
present
ent bri
bridge
dge aand
nd his
h i s proj
projected
e ct ed line was ttoo run fr
from
om aabout
bout th
thee
middle
of Goose Vill
Village
(Victoria
Town)) ac
mi ddle of
a ge (Vi
ct or i a Town
a crross
os s to Moffa ts Island
I s l a nd .
It was a rema
rkabl e fa
f2cct
line was
r emarkabl
ct that on tthis
h is lino
wa s to b e found th e
shallowest
a rio and th
thee ocean.
bett ween
we en Lake Unt
Unt ario
o cean . There was
s hallowest wat e r be
channe
mmed i ate
J.VIoffats
3000 yard
yardss
a ch
a nnell,, i nwed
a t elly
y west
we s t of M
of f a t s Island,
I sla nd, about
a bout 30
wide,
with
low
watee r bu
butt fo
forr tthe
e st
wi
de , wi
t h a depth of
of 9 to 10 feet
f e et at
a t lo
w wat
he r est
of
thee distance
thee depth
of th
dis tan ce th
dept h seldom
s eldom excee
e x ce edd ed 5 f eet.
e et.
To overc
ov erc ome th e obj ections
e ctions of the
th e Le
Luggiisl
sl ativ
a tivee Council,
Coun ci l , M
Mr.
r.
Keefer
eve l bri
bridge
with
eet
Ke e fe r rrecommended
e commended a high l evel
dge wi
t h a span of 400 f eet
ov er
e r th e main cha
ch ann
nn el,
el , an
andd a cl eear
a r head
head-way
-way of
of 100 f eet
e et . Trains
Tr ain s
hroug h the
t he centre
ce nt re span,
s pan, but on top
t op of th e other
oth er spans
s pans .
would run tthrough
approach
es sufficiently
thee l eenn ~ th
To raise
r a ise the
t he appr
oa ches
suff ic i ent ly a nd ttoo shorten
shorte n th
of th
thee bridge
bridge,, he plann
planned
ed to have solid
s olid embankments
emba nkment s r eac
each
h out fr
from
om
each
shoree ttoo the
abutments
e t fro
from
Montreal
eac
h shor
t he abut
ments , for
fo r 1,350 fe
f eet
m th e M
ont re a l side
an~ for
1,710
om tthhee so uth shore.
de scending
gradient
fo r 1,
710 feet
f e et fr om
shore . The des
cen ding grad
i en t
fLerom
a rn the
t he middl e span
s pa n to the
t h e aabutmc;
butm z.; nt
ntss wo
would
ul d ha
havv e be
beeenn 25 f ee
eett in
in
4 , 800 feet,
f eet, wh
which
ic h was
'\Ivas not severe
s eve r e .
thee superstructure,
Keefer
sU[,fested
plans;; one
For th
s upe rs t r u ct ure , Mr
Mr . Ke
efer SUf'[Tes
t e d two
t wo plans
with
middlee s pa
pan
the sffia : l e~
wi
t h the middl
n of
of iron
i r on ttubular
ubu la r construction
con s truc tion and tho
s pans of
of wood
t o cost
c ost ,~; 11,600,oOO;
, 600 , 000 ; th e othe
o t herr pl an call ed fo r j~Jn
j ':") 11
spans
wood,, to
con
s truction
exccllusiv
na tura lly
co
n st
r u ct i on ex
u s i vee l y , to cost
cos t ~ 3,000,00
3 , 000 ~ 000 .
He natural
ly favf av~
oured
bridge,
r ea iiiz~~~
o ur e d th e all-iron
a l l - iron bri
dg e, in spite
s pit e of it s freater
pr e ate r cost,
cost , rea
i.z ':Jl ~
tha
t ha t th
thee differ
diffe r en
ence
ce would
wo u ld be made uupp very qUickly
qu ickly in
i n r eedd uce
uc edd U9~~­
~s~ ~­
t.
n ce costs.
cos t s . He a l s o des
i gned s~) to
nee pi er
wi t.h the
t.h o upp-,.:
t e na
nr:lDce
de signed
ton
e rss "'lith
uP.P'c.. .: 0p .r,
~ ' L;
b
zx hhape
a pedd to br
bree ak
a k uupp and
a nd defl
de f l e ct
ct drifting
dr ift i ng ic
i cee and ppii e rs of ~his
~his
ty pe we re
r e subse
s ubsequ
qu ent
ently
l y u s~ed
ed for
f or 0.11
('l.l l bri dge s wher
wheree ic
i cee rnig[lt
wi ght be
troubl
troublesome.
esom e .
In Febr1)MYF e QI'ua r..y_ 1B5
} 2.,._the.-F:o_
2~, -.t ~e g:o..ve-rnme:'lt
v.ernme:-l t dir'ect,r",d
dil~ect-,r", d its
i ts Pp Dn.ziY1.
.z i.Y1.00
0o :t"
r.. 3anrJ.'C:
3am'J.r02.
':"
;, eefe
eererr ,J to
thee vvaa rtous
r :Lous s it
l abora
t e r ;:-;11rvt>
y
;,
_o r (;.t.- - examine
e x ami ne th
i tee s - A vory
v ury e lab
rSr a-ce
;urv ev
' l~
'{
~S
S made wit
wi thh vvory
ory exact measurements
me asur ements made
mad e over the
th e ice and on th
t h ;E
.J .~;~ ; is
i s sur
vuy
hee rr-ee corarnend
cor,mended
"··!<l
i s of
o f th is
s u r-v
ey h
ed a s it
i tee about
a bo u t ~ mile
mi le above
a bove the
t he
, j :'1t:
~ S sugge
by
Tom aand
muchh
,)
s u.g g o:3sted
te d b
y his
h i s brother Thomas
I'h oma s ., Tom
nd Sam nnevergot
eve r g ot ~c
'~~:-:-'
:-:-' i-;
f-; :lit
f Ol::-.th..Q_
J2I'_e.limi n,a
y, _wo
r..k _t-hQ)1:
h e.y_ did be
f ore
t h e Gra
n d Trun
:li t for
tlw l¥'-<ll.iIDin.
a rr,,;y_
wor:
befo
r e the
Grand
Trunlrk"
.Lce ':_l
.:. lway
way,, bbut
plans
of the
these
young
Can;:tdi
.L
wa y go
g ott un dduc r - way
u t tth
h oc: pla
n s cf
s e ttwo
wo yo
un g Ca
n;:l. d:i ,ro" t.t ::;:
":'
--::. r-L~ oC lLat.
a t efJrr ado
adopted
pte d by the
t h e engin
eng j.neers
e er s of th e Victo-c>ia
V icto '~ia Bridge
Bridge,, who
+.- ;lCr
;l(:; r f?
f~ b
by
y b
became
ecame famous
fam ous..
((T
Too be continued)
continued )
ooqoOOOOOOOOOoooo
ooqoOOOOOOOOOoo oo
0
<
(
(
I!I_.I'HSCELLANEOUS
MIS CE LLANEOUS
!
1
l
There
Th ere is ag ita
i t a tion
t i on in the
t he Ni
Nipawin,
pawi n , Sask .
area,
'promote
ar
ea , to 'pr
omot e th
t h e ext
e x teension
n s i o n of
o f th e
Canad
ian Pacific
Pac if ic Railwayis
Railway' s Me
Ne lfort
l f o r t Subdiv:
,Subdiv .:cs.; ,
Ca nadian
:;o
presently
ting at Gronlid,
3ask.. on through Revenc.1a
l eG:"'~"I~
:; o n,
n , pres
ent ly termina
t erminating
Gr-onLi.d , 3ask
n e v e n d al
The
been
forEwd
promotion
'1' 111:; Pas , lYlanitoba.
Ma n i to ba . An a sssociation
s o c i a t i on has be
en form
ed for promot
i on
thee propos
proposal
cG f th
al .
I TEMS
ITEMS
Eff
ilway abad
abaddon
ed s ervi
e r vice
ct i v e Jul
J ul y 17th,
1 7t h, th e Grand Trunk Western
Weste r n Ra
Railway
d oned
ce
Ef fee ctive
on
Det roit-Po
it - Port
rt Hur on lin
l i n e . Service
Servi c e has
h a s bbeen
e en pr
prov
o v i dded
e d hith
hitherto
ert o
o n it
i t s lJetro
by
el - el
e l ectri
pas senrermai l-bagrage
b y a dies
d i es el
e ctri c passenfe
r-mail-bagra
g e car,
car , da
d a ily
i l y except
e x c e pt Sundar.
Sund a r .
Tell
TCliss line
l ine is
i s historica
hi st or ic a ll
llyy int
Lnt.ee r-est.
r e ,s t iLng
ng in
i n that it i s tthe
h e one uupo
po n wh i.cr;
j .c~r:
~he f a
amo
mo us Unit ed 3tates
3t ates i nvent
nv entor
or,, Thomas A. Edison , travell
tr a vell ed as
as a
n eews
ws butc
butcher
her nnear
e ar ly a century
c ent ury aago
go .
Ji'ollowing
a pplic ation
a tion bby
y th
thee Britis
Br i t ish
h Columbia
Columb i a El
El(-}ctric
ectric li,D
I!.Dilway
i l wa y t co
F'o
l l owi n g an applic
jncrcase
per cent
]o
c r c As e bus fa rres
e s on it
itss lines
l in es rranging
anging up to
t o 47 per
c ent,, the
t he city
o f V.m
couvcra n noun ced that
t h at it
i t would
wou ld oppo se the
;)pl i cation uuna
n a nimn i m­
of
V".tncouve
r announced
th e aa:)plication
ott c l y . BCER hhas
a s fo
f ollowed
l lowod a policy in
i n r ecent
ec e n t yyears
ears of eeliminating
l i mi na t ing
OllCl
ppiec
i ec emeal,
eme al , a onc e -vast
- vas t nnet
e t work of surface
s urface rai
raill local
l o ca l aand
nd interurban
li~
epl acingg tth8m
s . (Ed
a nd
l i~~
8 ss,, and
a nd r eplacin
h8ffi with
wit h r oad
oa d vvehicle
ehicle s.
( Ed..note
no t e:: •.•
• . •and
tho
th~ purchas
purcha s e and u pk
pkee
t he y hhave
av e to pay 2
f::l'0r
J r e , obviously
obviou sly , f or t.ho
e e p of
road
0s.)
the ro
ad VGhic1
v ch ic1 0s
.)
CNR
0rill l ia on Sunday evenin
pss now t ra
r avel
CNH passengers from M
Miidla
d lannd
d to 0ri
e v e n i np
vel
and- Pe
Penet
ang Co
ac h Lines , throufh
thr oufh an a rrang
ement
betwe
by M
Miidl
d landnetang
Coach
r r a n gem
ent bet
we en
e n th e
ilway and the
baggage
l soo mov
moves
rr2.
e.ilway
t h e bu s company.
company . Light
Li g h t ba
g gage and mail a ls
e s by
er bag
bagrage
ttrusk
r-u ck , wh
whiile
le express
e x pre s s and
a nd heavi
h e av i er
r a g e is forwarded
f orwarded by th e Honday
Monday
a r arrangoment
iti th e Mar
i mes between
train. A s imil
i mi lar
a r rangome n t i s in eff
ef feect
ct in
Mar it
i timos
b et we en
Sask
Sa s k vvill
i l lee NB and Charlottetown
Cha rlot tetown PEl.
Ca fin ad
t.Lo na .l
a s a nnnounc
no u n ced
t he ord er
g \:jl'
rl i pc;·
0. 1 -0
- 0 l es
Cii
a d ian
i. Eln Nr
N[' tiona
l hhas
ed the
er of 12 pa ss8n
ss8nge
r rli
pc;.0!
e c:
locomotive
I.Iontreal-H.q
J:L f!'1 x r uuns.
One-of
loc
omot i ve s to bbee llsed
us ed un
on the
t.h o IIont
re a l - H.q 1:Lf'rlx
n s . One-of'
t}·,(,
t:,,~:Lins to r ec
i ve th
n e w motiv(j
motiv e powe
u nit s wi.Ll,
b e th e ,lJc
an
t;"'r, i:,,~:tins
e cee ive
thee new
powerr units
will be
\lJc eoan
L:Lcnit
wh ich ce
e brated
Golden
Lirn
it. eect')
d " which
cell ebrat
e d it s CoLd
e n Jubil
J u bi l ee
e e last month . The
Th e a3.1ll1­
C30rv
ed-space
a in wa
wass compl
co mp l et
~ tely
ed wit
n car
ui
p ~ ~n
~ n~~
r C3
0r v eds pac e tr
t rain
ely e quipp
qUi p ped
w~ t h mod er
e rn
c ar e q u
i p~
first
l onfz--ddii stanc
s tancee p as
asseng
ii llll J~ne
J~n e and it
i t is expe ccttee d to b e the
th e fir
st lon
s on g e~
o~
tr '~jn
' ~jD on th e Na
National
t em to
compl ete
l y dies
e lii zzed
t iona l Sys tem
t o be
b e compl
e t o ly
d i e s el
od .
ttr:~
r Lcc
r-gh , Pa ,D h e,
ass rrec
e c ently (1:1
,s ·· .
Th
Pr ess e d J tee
Thee Pressed
t ee l Car Company of Pi t.t
ttss bu
burgh,
cl:l .s
c orrt
c'.et Lnu
im~.e
ed
d true;
t h e manufa
manufacturing
cturing of r a ilroad cars,
ca rs, and will
wi Ll. soon
soo n clt
cIt?r,
? y" ;-i:' c:.
0: i.I.e,?
C' ?
c '~.':Y'po:-ate
'~po r ate name .
Unt
Until
il five
f'Lv o y ears
e a r s ag
agoo , it
i t was one of the
t h e Un
Uni~
i cec'
8~ St ,q
~ :'~8
E-;[.
L\\
1l l:ic
l.: c:.d
o.,j ing
i n g buil
builder
d er s of r a ilro
i lro ad r-o
ro IJ
U ing
i n g sto
stock.
ck . Ca nnada
ad a'Y s fir
first
s t a :i.:l.l-n
l -· nll ;c~
;~~ I~'
I=' . l'
l '.
t.rtrc~r~cars,
a ric a r-s , Mont
Mont rea
r eall .st.r-cet.
3treet Hy
Hy.. 86
8 6 3 to 881 (odd nnumb
umb er
er s only) , vrl.L
VIti en
cn
W8
WGr
r eu a ffam
amiilia
l iarr s ight
i ght to
to M
Montr
o ntr e al
a l er
orss u nti l r ec
e cent
e nt y ears , wer
weree pro
product9
duc t8
of
firm.
o f this
t his fir
m.
Pendin[
completion
northward
thee Pea
Pe ace
Pend i up co
mpl et i on of i ts
t s northwa
r d extension
ext e n s i on i nnto
t o th
c e River
Ri v e r
Jui.st.r
istrict,
Pacciific
Bastern
Hail"lNE
Lc t , Pa
fic Great
Gr e at Ea
s t e r-n Hai
lw,3!y
y iinn British
Br i tis h Columbia
Col umb ia hhas
a s
trailer-flat
ween
Vancouv
e
~ ~uo
~ u o unced
un c e d a tr
ail er-fl at car service
s erv ic e b e t we
en Van
couv e r aand
n d th
t h e
jG rrtll.
t ll . Trai
lers wi
l l be pl
ac ed on fl
at ca rs
r s in
i n Vancou
ve r , haul
e d
~G
Trailers
will
plac
flat
Vancouver
ha ul ed
Prince
ckss f0r
oJ car ferry
f erry and rail
r a i l to Pr
inc e George , then
t h e n couple d to tru
t r uck
f 0r
northern
trip.
C:l 'C
' l~:
T~ :.:11e n
orth ern tr
ip .
All tend
t e nd ers
e r s for construction
con s tru ct i on of
of th e ssOUthW
outhW:.l
r~ £ t.e
t ens
railway
c aU
c~
ox
n s li on of tth",
.h e ra
i l way from
f r om Syuamish
S4uami s h to Va ncouver will bbee ca
l l.cc! c
inning of AUfu
Au[u st
s t.. Tend ers
e rs h ave
n ccall
e~
je fore
f or e the b ep
e pinning
a v e already
a l read y b ee
e en
all e
~
:0r
construction
7-mile
e twe en
en
:0 r const
ructi on of
of th e first
f i rst link,
l i nk, the
t he 7-mi
l e stretch
s t re tc h b etwe
S quarnish
Britannia.
Thee ri
right
North
Va ncouv
qu a mi s h and
a nd Brit
ann ia . Th
ght of
of ",way
'Jay between
b et wee n Nor
t h Vanc
ouv e :r;.
:'-m
l nd
cleared
work
d 3quamish
3 quamis h is already
a l rea d y cl
e ar ed and
a nd wo
r k is
i s bbeing
eing speeded
s pee de d up to
to
lpl ement
Surveying
spu:c~
~d
tu mp.l
emerrt construction b efore
e f'or e th e fall.
f a ll.
Surv eying is
i s b e ing sp
' ,c: c~'~d
np
u p on tth
h eG ext
extension
ens ion north of Princ
Pr inc e George.
George .
Contra. ct ha
hass be eL
er.
22wa
wa rd
r d e d for
f or the
t he cohstruction
co hstruction of the
t h e ssub
u b -s
- structure
t r uc t u r e of th
thee Capilanc
Cap ila n c
Riv
Rivee r Bridge
Bri dge in
i n North Vancouv
Vancouver.
er. This
Th is will
wi l l be
b e one of
o f the maj or
ol' b tt~~ ~(­
~( ­
tu
tures
r es on th
thee south
s outh ern
e rn ext
e x t ens
e nsion.
i on .
White
andd Yukon
y has tak
taken
de liv ery
e ry of two na.rrowk-p:augc
Yuko n Ra ilwa
i l way
en deliv
na.rrow'-p:a u g c
Wh i t e Pass
Pa s s an
aD
-ton
diesel
ol
ectric
locomotives
.
They
wer
e shipped
shippe d .fro
_from
SO- t on di es el electric loc omot ive s. The y
m S ea
e a t ~ 1l 2
e
a bboard
o a r d th
Str . ':T
'ln s i n a !1f1 on July (h
,h . Costing about
about ;ip
3 50 , 000 , toh,
. : :'·'
thee Str.
' T-'nsina
(~th.
iip 350,000,
t,h..;;~.
r e e quip
i a l bbra
k es
e s to t ack
a ckll e th
thee n eea
r~four-perc
a re
qu i p pe d wi
wi th
t h spec
s p 0c ia
r ak
ar-f
our-p erc een
ntt
WP&Y,, a n
nd
[-"necl
(' ~~
ggr
r a d es on th e WP&Y
d aarc"
r e d es
e s i [-"n
ed for
f or operation
o pe r a t io n in tt ccmperatur
mpe r-a t .ur-r-s
r anginga nging' to 60 0 below
be low zero
z e ro . Th
Thee Ill-mile
l l l - mi le W
V'J P&Y
P&Y is
i s t he
h e last
l a s t rrema
emain
in :lj CcS
LcS
a rro w- gau
gee public r ai
a ilway
n arrowgaug
lway opcratinr
opcra t inr in Canada,
Canad a , short of th e gov
g ov e l."
r ,
Newfoundl
ndd system
nnmcnt-own
mc n t- own e d N
cvrf'ou nd l a n
s ys tem .
Contract
e en amvard
rL. C8pe
C c~ pe and
Com nany
Co n t ra c t hhas
as b een
ward e(; d to E.G. M
a nd ComDa
ny for
fo r the
t he ex cavcav ­
2tion
nd fo undat
undation
w 21 - storey
CNR hot eoL
l in
Moont
ntreal.
('
t. 1 0 0 a rid
i on of
o f tth
h eo n eow
s to rey CNR
in M
r ea l .
'j'n
wor'k will
wil l tak
t a k e up about
a bout fi
.J cn months.
month s . '\Jork
{Jo r k started
s ta rted iin
n tthe
he
Tni.i.ss l'iOrk
f i ft
ft..::on
emolition
building
l~ cGrrrr iinn nning
in g of
of July with th e d emoli
tio n of
o f th
t h e l ast
a st rremaining
emai ning buil
ding
L '· . ~~oi:ging
oi ~g i n g to
t o th
thee former
form e r Canadi
Ca na d i a n Nor
Northern
t h e r n Terminal,
Te r mi n a l , on M
Man
a n s ffiiee ld
l d St.
St .
[.
P r;l; ')roximat
') roximately
e l y 35,000
35, 0 00 cubic YRrds
y a rds of
of ea rth
r t h and
a n d ro
rock
ck are
a re d es
e stined
t i n e d for
f or
T
al
consistinE~
a rdss
r ,-:::~n()v
e ~ o va
l b efore
e f ore th e foundation
f ound a ti on , co
n s i st i ng of
o f about
a bo ut 1 5.,000
5 ~ 0 00 cubic
cubi c y ard
c~
et ~ , 1,000,000
e inforcing bars
bars,, 1l 86
c ~ conc
co nc r
ret
1 ,000 ,000 pounds of s teel
t e e l r einforcing
a 6 steel
s tee l
co
c:-jlumns
Lumn s and
a nd 13 concrete
concr et e buttres
buttre sses,
s es, can b e laid.
Spsently
printed
item rel
relating
Gpse n t l y we pr
i n t ed a news
n ews item
ating to a radio installation
installat i on at
at
whiich
ch was r eported
e ported to be th
thee first in Canada
Canada.. In addition to
'':',
.-, , ::'f.1
n -:'~a
a , wh
Nationall trials
tVlO-way
Longue
;;_ r~ _o:;
<; Canadian
Ca na d i.a n Nationa
t r i als of t.wo
- way rradio
a di o at
a t Lo
ngue Pointe
Point e yard
Jj .:
.~:. l1"" lo:
number
members
1o ~tl. treal
t re al a n
umber of
of years
y e a r s ago,
a g o, one of our
ou r me
mber s has
h a s supplied
s u pp l ie d
l~
t ails of radici installation
, Pacific
l ~ S ~ lth
l t h de
d e tails
i n s t a l l a t i on on
o n Canadian ,Pa
cif ic yyard
ard enzines
e n z lnes
~~ ; iCJ
i ou
us
thee rrecord.
o~t
·,-t: v::.::.
s times, which we
ViC are
a r e rreproducing,
e produ cing, for th
ecord .
e rn Electric
!:1l ., ~ - ~ 0ber
o b e r 1946,
1 946 , North ern
El e c tr i c , at
a t Toronto inst
i nst a lled
l led Bendix rrad:os
a d:os
=- [1
nes
7020,, 7021, 70
emotee contro
stat
ij !"r.!.. :>
:'~ ,~~ ,') :"
e s 7020
7 0 22 and 7023
7 0 23 with r emot
cont r o l st
a tii ons iL,ll
::~ '""" j J>
~ ()rc1
Union
Parkdale
Yard.. In
r c! ,'TIaste
n a s t errss offices
offic e s at Uni
on Station
Sta t io n and Par
kda le Yard
In
ins t all
a lled
ra d io iin
70122 at r,Iont
r:IontreEll,
T .__ J~
, l ~ ''.:1.
.0,-'-'.: y 1947
19 4'7,, Marconi
Mar c on i inst
ed rad
n engine
engin e 701
r e E1 1 ~ ,,,'Tl-}~.
!lJ. > "h
'h
~lQ
l&tee r remov
removed
suitable
service.
~l Q 12t
e d as
a s un sui
t abl e for railway servi
c e . Between
Be twe en 0ct~on
0 ct~ Dn l '
.;_.~~
cemb
Marconi
also
J.:J.
. ; ,~~ l'('
i 'f.' ce
mbee r of the same yyear,
e ar , M
a r co n i al
so iinstalled
ns tal l ed equipment
e qu i pme rrt .L
:J.
:: n(:t
n,-: l.nt~S
wass l ater
e moved as
oJ. ·_J
E (~ S 7011 and 7029 which wa
at er r emoved
a s uunsatisfactory.
n sati sfact ory.
present
timee , a numb
number
!\'l'Y;"
I: h.'.:
".'.: prese
nt tim
er of
o f l ocomotives
o c omo t i v e s at
a t tthe
h e St.Luc
St . Luc Yar d 7~rl
11 i\'l'Y
'"
t,
t• .
.Ie
( , ';
':, ~.
~.,, a re
r e radio-equipped,
r- ad i.o-cequ i.p p e d , ha
havi.ng
ving been
b e en installed
inst alled bbetween
etwe en Jul
July
y E2 ~~
~. '1
'l
'):'IL'e
3G. 70
70.)
::. ,.;r
, :r,;r'IL
'e r of
of 1951.
195 1 . Motorola
Mo t o r o la rradios
adi os a r e in
Lnsstalled
t a Ll.ed in 7029, 70 3G,
,) ·.~~ .,
1
'>,
0 88 a nnd
(122 uri
; :''.' ·U.
'u , 7039,
703 9 , 7040,
70 40, 7057,
705 7 , 7058,
705 a , 7079,
7079 , 7080,
70 a O, 7 0Sa
d 7095 (1
u r i :i+;.-.
j +; -' .!'! !
!
ti~ ~
2r
Yard
~~(fl
l
l '.I .:~
r (; are a lso
Lso three
t h ree fixed
f ixed rradios
a d Lo s a t th e Ya
rd and
a nd Hump offic
of'f'L c es,
e s G,"~
U'' 13
12 e
f s ,
Asst.
I s autos,
(;
oaach
ch in th e Superintendent
Supe r i nten de n t 's
A sst~ SUperintendent
SUperint endent 's
aut o s, 3,{H-i.
~ m~
.ii'l-1 t.h e Diesel
Di ese l IJiaintain
Mai nta i neer
r 'f sTruck.
s Tru ck . Car checkers
c he cke r s uuse
s e four "wa
t' wa lkie
l k ie ­r,
tdikie
a Lk i.e I?11 apparatus
a pparat u s . TvJO
TVJO more units are to be equi
e qu i pped
p ped in Toronto.
Tor onto.
oj. ',.,
j
NET,IS REPORT - CANADIAN l1AILROAD
HI3TOHICAL
HAILROAD HI
3TOHICAL ASSN. INC.
I NC.
Office
Office::
Editor:
Ed itor : O.
O.S.A.
S. A. Lavallee
6959
6 959 De l'Epe
l'Epeee Avenue,
Avenue , Montreal
Mont real 15.
Asst
Asst.. Editor:
Ed i to r: D. Brown.
Brown .
~
~d
di
itorial
t or ial