Advanced treatment of drinking water and waste water

WA 3: Advanced treatment of drinking
water and waste water
Partners:
KWR, van Remmen (SME),The Netherlands
Eawag, Sigrist (SME), Switzerland
Utilities:
Dunea (Bergambacht), The Netherlands
WML (Heel), The Netherlands
WVZ Waterworks Zurich, Switzerland
WWTP ARA Neugut, Switzerland
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for Research, Technological Development and
Demonstration under Grant Agreement no. 308339.
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Final Meeting, June 17/18 2015, Switzerland
WP 3.1 Demonstration
Tasks:
3.1 Demonstration of advanced
oxidative technologies for drinking
and wastewater treatment:
up-scaling, controlling, and
validation
Technologies: UV-H2O2, O3-H2O2,
O3-biological filter
T31.1 Installation and system
design (M1-12)
T31.2. Online control of oxidant
dosage (M12-24)
T31.3. Demonstration of oxidation
technologies (M12-30)
Drinking water:
• optimized UV/H2O2 reactors by van Remmen and KWR:
At Dunea (Bergambacht) and WML (Heel), NL:
presentation R. Hofman-Caris
• Two O3/H2O2 reactors by Eawag and WVZ:
At WVZ Waterworks Zurich, CH:
presentation M. Bourgin
Waste water:
• Full scale O3 reactor, by Eawag at WWTP Neugut, CH: this presentation C. McArdell
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
WWTP Neugut, Dübendorf
First full-scale site in Switzerland for
advanced ww treatment with ozone
Ozonation running since March 2014:
 Investment costs: CHF 3.27 Mio
 Additional energy consumption: 0.03 kWh/m3
 Additional operating costs: CHF 0.023/m3
Max Schachtler (CEO at WWTP Neugut)
and Marc Böhler (Eawag)
• Nitrification/Denitrification,
Biological P-removal
• DOCeff: 3.5 - 6 mg/L
• NO2-: 0.03 mg/L
• PO42-: 0.24 mg/L
Ozonation:
• Volume Reactor: 530 m3
• Retention times:
43 min (QTW, Average)
13 min (QRW, Max)
• Possibility to apply ozone
in 1st and 3rd compartment
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Swiss Wastewater Treatment in the future
New Swiss water protection act (Gewässerschutzgesetz GSchG)
was approved in 2014 by government (implementation planned for 2016)
Goal:
Reduction of pollutant load to enhance water quality
Elimination of micropollutants to 80% in wastewater treatment (selected
substances)
Installation of advanced treatment at the wastewater treatment plants:
 WWTP (>80‘000 inhabitants) with high loads
 WWTP (>24’000 inhabitants) in the catchment of lakes
 WWTP (>8’000 inhabitants) on rivers with a fraction of wastewater greater than 10%
 WWTP (>1’000 inhabitants) on rivers with impact on drinking water resources
Ozone
Biology
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Al or Fe
PAC
filtration GAC
Substances selected to evaluate effectiveness of measures
Substance
class
Elimination with
ozone / PAC
Amisulpride
antipsychotic
Very good (>80%)
Carbamazepine
antiepileptic
Very good
Citalopram
antidepressant
Very good
Clarithromycin
macrolide antibacterial
Very good
Diclofenac
antiinflammatory / antirheumatic
Very good
Hydrochlorothiazide
diuretic
Very good
Metoprolol
beta blocking agent
Very good
Venlafaxine
antidepressant
Very good
Benzotriazole
corrosion inhibitor
good (50-80%)
Candesartan
antihypertensive agent,
angiotensin II antagonist
good
Irbesartan
dito
good/ Very good
Mecoprop
biocide, plant protection
good
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Selection of
four substances
Selection of
two substances
Götz et al., AQUA&GAS (2015), 2, 34-40
WP 3.2 Decision tool / Assessment
•
•
Assessment of oxidative
transformation, transformation
product and by-product formation
Decision tool for the
implementation of oxidation
technologies based on water
quality evaluation under regional
framework conditions
Selection of substances to be investigated:
o Not easily degradable
o Substances with low and high reactivity
with ozone
- ln [S]/[S]0
slope: kS,O3
Tasks:
T32.1 Kinetics and mechanisms
for ox. transformation (M1-24)
\\eawag-nas\wul$\...\SBA_D_05032_3_10
01.11.2005 16:00:54
XTerra C18 50x2, 15 min, 10 ul inj, Greifensee 220605, hoehere CE, 100000
T32.2 Formation of
transformation products and ox.
by-products (M12-30)
Greifensee 220605
SBA_D_05032_3_10 RT: 0.01 - 15.01 Mass: 100.00 - 400.00 NL: 5.00E7
100
50000000
45000000
350
50
25000000
300
/z)
sse
300
20000000
m/z
200
150
5000000
0
2
2
4
4
6
6
8
Time (min)
8
10
10
12
12
HPLC-Trennung (min)
14
14
100
100
te
200
10000000
Ma
250
15000000
0
(m
400
30000000
0
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
400
35000000
Ex
ak
Intensity
Intensität
40000000
T32.3 Decision basis for
implementation of oxidation
technologies (M24-36)
Treatability of wastewater with ozone
Modular laboratory decision tool to test the feasibility of ozonation as an
option to upgrade specific WWTPs
O3 and •OH
exposure
Bromate
and NDMA
Ames test
YES and YAS
combined algae assay
C. dubia reproduction test
fish embryo toxicity test
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Schindler, von Gunten et al. Wat Res. 2015, 75, 324
Conclusions
o The full scale wastewater treatment with ozone at WWTP Neugut is running
fine for more than a year.
o An ozone dose of 2.0 - 3.3 mg/L (0.55 g ozone /g DOC) is recommended for
this site to eliminate 80% of micropollutants
o Ozone transformation products were elucidated in batch experiments and
were also found in the ozonation at the WWTP.
o Formation of ozonation by-products was studied according to the proposed
tests to evaluate the treatability of wastewater with ozone:
o The concentrations of bromate and NDMA expected in the receiving
water body after dilution are below the drinking water standard of the
World Health Organization (10 μg/L for bromate and 100 ng/L for NDMA)
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Acknowledgement
Collaborators at Eawag:
Marc Bourgin, Rebekka Teichler, Ewa Borowska, Birgit Beck, Juliane Hollender,
Elisabeth Salhi, Urs von Gunten, Marc Böhler, Julian Fleiner, Hansruedi Siegrist
Max Schachtler and team, WWTP Neugut, Dübendorf, www.neugut.ch
Michael Thomann, Holinger AG, Liestal, www.holinger.com
Finances:
Projects UV und ReTREAT
Project MICROZO 12.333
www.demeau-fp7.eu (EU Grant no. 308339)
Christa McArdell, mcardell@eawag.ch
Thank you for your attention!
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for Research, Technological Development and
Demonstration under Grant Agreement no. 308339.