Going to Extremes

Going to Extremes:
Challenges & Opportuni;es for
Materials in Extreme Environments
Krystyn J Van Vliet
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering
MIT * krystyn@mit.edu* web.mit.edu/vvgroup
ILP 2011 MIT R&D Conference * 16.11.11
MIT CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF
CeSIMEE
MATERIALS IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
Directors: KJ Van Vliet (MSE, BE) & D Whyte (NSE)
EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS:
o temperatures
o ion concentraFons
o humidiFes
o stresses
o transport rates
o radiaFon fields
APPLICATIONS:
o energy storage & conversion
o environmental sensors
o nuclear fuel & infrastructure
o corrosion prevenFon
o space & deep sea science
o cancer microenvironments
The MIT Center for ScienFfic InvesFgaFon of Materials in Extreme Environments aims to:
• Connect researchers working in this diverse applicaFon space
• IdenFfy experimental & computaFonal synergies and needs
• Create new research & funding opportuniFes for students and faculty
• Communicate CeSIMEE strengths to MIT, industry, and government
CeSIMEE Faculty Lunch Forums; Shared Projects; Grant Support
Supported jointly by MIT Department of Materials Science & Engineering and MIT Nuclear Science & Engineering
Connec;ng interdisciplinary materials research
• DOE Chemomechanics of Far‐From‐Equilibrium Interfaces (COFFEI)
• BaQery and solid‐oxide‐fuel cell materials at high flux and temperature
• Tuller, Chiang, Carter, Van Vliet (MSE); Shao‐Horn (ME); Yildiz, Yip (NSE)
• BP‐MIT‐Manchester Corrosion Center
• Metal oxidaFon & corrosion at high acidity and temperature
• Thomas, Schuh, Demkovicz, Van Vliet (MSE), Yip, Yildiz (NSE)
• DOE Energy Hub – Consor;um for Advanced Simula;on of Light Water Reactors
• Design of materials for nuclear reactor fuel and fuel cladding
• Kazimi, Yip, Buongiorno, Yildiz (NSE); Demkovicz, Grossman (MSE) et al.
• Plasma Surface Interac;on Science Center
• Fusion energy & plasma thrusters
• Whyte et al. (NSE)
• MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub
• PredicFve design of cement under extreme physical & mechanical environments
• Jennings, Ulm, Pellenq (CEE); Van Vliet, Grossman, Marzari (MSE) et al.
• Ins;tute for Soldier Nanotechnology
• Materials for blast & ballisFc protecFon, Fssue surrogacy
• Radovitzky (AAE), Boyce, Socrate (ME), Thomas, Van Vliet (MSE)
• Biological/Biomedical Centers‐To‐Be…
• Cancer & wound healing; deep‐sea & acidophilic organisms; space travel; NMR imaging
• Van Vliet, OrFz (MSE); Newman (AAE); Jasanoff (BE)
Supported jointly by MIT Department of Materials Science & Engineering and MIT Nuclear Science & Engineering
Key Challenges
Limited InstrumentaFon CapabiliFes
Make precise measurements at
elevated temperature, under water in acid, at high rates Lacking ComputaFonal Algorithms
Model material behavior under regimes where equilibrium does not hold, over broad length scales (nm to m) and Jme scales (sec to years)
Unknown Mechanisms on Mature, Complex Materials
Pervasive industry challenges occur on
inexpensive structural materials (corrosion on steel,
shrinkage of concrete, nuclear cladding)
Key Opportuni;es
Connect people with dissimilar research, complementary capabiliFes
• High‐temperature measurements of solid oxide fuel cells enabled new experiments
on durable nanocomposite coaJngs
• Electrochemical cells in high acid used for analysis of photovoltaic materials and
biological proteins
• SimulaJons developed for blast impact used to understand baQery failure
• Industry & government have no “easy access” to the disparate experJse at MIT in
extreme environments
Design of new sensors & instrumentaFon
Interdisciplinary design of new materials that can withstand pressing
engineering and environmental challenges
Impact on Na;onal Lab Goals
Livermore NL: NaFonal IgniFon Facility
Biggest issue: Material models do not yet exist
Sandia NL: MaRIE (mechanical & energeFc)
Biggest issue:
Need experimental test cases
Role of CeSIMEE
• Connect industry and government to MIT experts
in measurement and modeling of materials
in extreme environments
•Define naFonal challenges and opportuniFes with
DOE laboratories
•Create new opportuniFes for collaboraFon
among MIT faculty
o DOE COFFEI
o MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub
Connec;ng interdisciplinary materials research
• DOE Chemomechanics of Far‐From‐Equilibrium Interfaces (COFFEI)
• BaQery and solid‐oxide‐fuel cell materials at high flux and temperature
• Tuller, Chiang, Carter, Van Vliet (MSE); Shao‐Horn (ME); Yildiz, Yip (NSE)
• BP‐MIT‐Manchester Corrosion Center
• Metal oxidaFon & corrosion at high acidity and temperature
• Thomas, Schuh, Demkovicz, Van Vliet (MSE), Yip, Yildiz (NSE)
• DOE Energy Hub – Consor;um for Advanced Simula;on of Light Water Reactors
• Design of materials for nuclear reactor fuel and fuel cladding
• Kazimi, Yip, Buongiorno, Yildiz (NSE); Demkovicz, Grossman (MSE) et al.
• Plasma Surface Interac;on Science Center
• Fusion energy & plasma thrusters
• Whyte et al. (NSE)
• MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub
• PredicFve design of cement under extreme physical & mechanical environments
• Jennings, Ulm, Pellenq (CEE); Van Vliet, Grossman, Marzari (MSE) et al.
• Ins;tute for Soldier Nanotechnology
• Materials for blast & ballisFc protecFon, Fssue surrogacy
• Radovitzky (AAE), Boyce, Socrate (ME), Thomas, Van Vliet (MSE)
• Biological/Biomedical Centers‐To‐Be…
• Cancer & wound healing; deep‐sea & acidophilic organisms; space travel; NMR imaging
• Van Vliet, OrFz (MSE); Newman (AAE); Jasanoff (BE)
Supported jointly by MIT Department of Materials Science & Engineering and MIT Nuclear Science & Engineering
MIT CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF
CeSIMEE
MATERIALS IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
Directors: KJ Van Vliet (MSE, BE) & D Whyte (NSE)
EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS:
o temperatures
o ion concentraFons
o humidiFes
o stresses
o transport rates
o radiaFon fields
APPLICATIONS:
o energy storage & conversion
o environmental sensors
o nuclear fuel & infrastructure
o corrosion prevenFon
o space & deep sea science
o cancer microenvironments
The MIT Center for ScienFfic InvesFgaFon of Materials in Extreme Environments aims to:
• Connect researchers working in this diverse applicaFon space
• IdenFfy experimental & computaFonal synergies and needs
• Create new research & funding opportuniFes for students and faculty
• Communicate CeSIMEE strengths to MIT, industry, and government
CeSIMEE Faculty Lunch Forums; Shared Projects; Grant Support
Supported jointly by MIT Department of Materials Science & Engineering and MIT Nuclear Science & Engineering