David Lynch - Books Magazines etc (www.booksmagazinesetc.com)
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David Lynch - Books Magazines etc (www.booksmagazinesetc.com)
According to... David Lynch A selection of his finest quotes Helen Donlon First published in Great Britain in 2007 by A Jot Publishing UK address: suite 774, 28 Old Brompton Rd London SW7 3SS © A Jot Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. ISBN: 978-1-905904-39-6 Design: Lee Thomas David Lynch Photographs: Rex Features According to... David Lynch A selection of his finest quotes Helen Donlon David Lynch David Lynch Contents 6: Intro 14: Philadelphia 26: Oddities, Freaks and the Inexplicable. 37: Surrealism and Visions of Lynchland 44: Twin Peaks, TV and the Sales Rig 52: And There’s Always Music In The Air: Lynchian Soundscapes 62: Textures, Experiments and Realisation 76: Angels, Demons and Dream Interpretation 84: American Gothic 94: Lynch vs. Hollywood 106: Transcendental Meditation 116: Team Lynch and Co. 132: Lynch on Others 152: Citations and Bibliography IMDB Filmography David Lynch on the set of Mulholland Drive.2001. 4 5 David Lynch David Lynch Introduction David Keith Lynch was born on January 20th, 1946, in Missoula, Montana, in the U.S. He is one of the most interesting film directors of all time. There’s always the danger that I’ll be forever labelled resolutely odd. Because these days there is no time for shading in people, and you’re put in a little box. I’m always put in the category of strange, which I find a little odd. I’m a little different from that, I think. (Lynch on Lynch, 1990) Lynch’s film Wild at Heart (1990) won a Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film festival. He has received two César Awards for Best Foreign Film: for The Elephant Man (1980) and Mulholland Drive (2001). He has also had three Best Director nominations for an Academy Award: for The Elephant Man, for Blue Velvet (1986) and for Mulholland Drive. David Lynch on the set of Blue Velvet. 1986. 6 7 David Lynch Three times married and with three children, David Lynch is indisputably one of a kind in the world of cinema. While fans, critics and Lynch himself have cited major influences and heroes, he is in composite terms absolutely unlike any other filmmaker, in his ability to combine both the mundane and the dark side of the American psyche with an often dreamlike and surprisingly optimistic worldview. His use of recurring motifs: physical discomfort, characters who stutter nervously, odd haircuts, theatrically-curtained antechambers, compulsive-obsessive outsiders and faux-naif beautiful women populate all-American hometown landscapes filled with the anticipation and the delivery of the unpredictable, and a menacingly slow action pace. Then there’s the scrupulously crafted sound design, often involving Lynchland composer-in-residence, Angelo Badalamenti, and collaborators such as Trent Reznor and Barry Adamson... and the strange factory machinery pumping out industrial monotony as a backdrop to the early black and whites. He has baffled and delighted viewers and critics for forty years, and he keeps coming up with new angles, despite maintaining an instantly recognisable style all of his own. Like his (mutual) hero Stanley Kubrick, Lynch manages to deliver something utterly original and ahead of its time with each new much-awaited feature, and, 8 David Lynch again like Kubrick, he does so with complete commitment to his vision. Much of this he puts down to his long-term devotion to Transcendental Meditation. But despite (or some may say because of) his ardent individualism he has not always been an easy fit for Hollywood. In the case of Mulholland Drive, differences of opinion resulted in the pilot being rescued from the cutting floor by powerful Lynchophiles in France. Originally destined to be a US TV series, it was rescued from obscurity by an enthusiastic production executive from the French company Canal Plus. The film proved a huge success across Europe, and established actress Naomi Watts as a face to watch as she heavy-breathed her way to instant credibility in the now famous audition scene halfway through. Fisk married actress Sissy Spacek and took a part in Eraserhead. Both Spacek and Fisk were later instrumental in the Straight Story – Spacek in a leading role and Fisk as production designer. He also worked on Mulholland Drive, and directed an episode of Lynch’s short-lived series, On The Air. Lynch’s second wife, Mary Fisk, is Jack Fisk’s sister. Esteemed British cinematographer Freddie Francis who passed away in March 2007, did beautiful work on both The Elephant Man and The Straight Story. 9 David Lynch David Lynch Actress Laura Dern, who starred in Wild At Heart, is again the lead player in 2006’s Inland Empire. Justin Theroux, who plays opposite her in Inland Empire, played a benighted film director in Mulholland Drive. Twin Peaks alone featured a whole slew of actors whose names and faces would remain synonymous with this quirky TV series. Actors now often perceived as Lynchian include Kyle MacLachlan, Sherilyn Fenn, Lara Flynn Boyle, Madchen Amick, Isabella Rossellini, Grace Zabriskie, Ray Wise, Crispin Glover... and then there’s Jack Nance of course. Editor/producer Mary Sweeney has been working with Lynch since Blue Velvet, and is the mother of his youngest child. The list goes on... and, for now, so does Lynch, for which we are grateful. Nance, now immortalised as the quintessential Lynch figure, played Henry in Eraserhead, inspiring a whole wave of experimental industrial geek imitators with his hairdo. Jack was married to Catherine Coulson (“The Log Lady” in Twin Peaks), and they were both instrumental in getting Eraserhead made, offering Lynch hands-on support and a longstanding friendship, which continued until Nance’s unfortunate and brutal death in the late 1990s. And then there’s the wonderful Michael Anderson, or Little Mike as he is affectionately know in Lynch circles. “The man from another place” in Twin Peaks, he reappears years later in Mulholland Drive as Roque, a powerful backroom Hollywood stringpuller. His use of reverse-speak in Twin Peaks was perceived by viewers as a remarkable use of sound manipulation at the time. 10 According to David Lynch is a selection of just some of the more interesting and amusing things he has said over the years. To give the newcomer a well-rounded primer on what’s what in Lynch world, as he sees it. To give the fan, student or critic a handy pack of references and good Lynch copy. Because, although there are several good books already out there, which I will note in the bibliography at the end, the new up and coming generation of film buffs need a quick answer to the question, “David Lynch, who’s he?” and if your first Lynch experience is Inland Empire, it might help to have a little extra background to get you on track. Fisk married actress Sissy Spacek and took a part in Eraserhead. Both Spacek and Fisk later were instrumental in the Straight Story – Sissy in a leading role and Jack as production designer. He also worked on Mulholland Drive, and directed an episode of Lynch’s short-lived series, On The Air. Lynch’s first wife, Peggy, is Jack Fisk’s sister. Esteemed British cinematographer Freddie Francis who passed away in March 2007, did beautiful work on both The Elephant Man and The Straight Story. 11 David Lynch David Lynch Creatively, there are a lot of sides to David Lynch. Apart from the fact he’s been involved in films for over 40 years now he’s also a painter who exhibits and sells his work worldwide, he’s a furniture designer who has designed items for the Swiss design firm Casanostra, and he’s a long-time devotee of Transcendental Meditation. His beautifully designed hardcover 2006 book, Catching The Big Fish is selling all over the world, and his accompanying celebritypropped lecture tours have been very popular. Lynch exhibited his paintings at the Cartier Foundation in Paris in Spring 2007 in a well-received show entitled The Air Is On Fire. and recurs as a motif, or possibly a stage direction to Laura/the actress throughout. The monologue was the first thing shot – and as it was shot in low res on Lynch’s Sony PD150 camera, the rest of the film was shot in keeping. It was a four year process. A few notes on Inland Empire His latest film, Inland Empire, was shot on low-res DV. When asked to describe the film and what it is about he says it is “about a woman in trouble, and it’s a mystery, and that’s all I want to say about it.” and “We are like the spider. We weave our life and then move along in it. We are like the dreamer who dreams and then lives in the dream. This is true for the entire universe.” Inland Empire began as the filming of a script which was originally a long monologue read by Laura Dern, parts of which run throughout the film. Allegedly planned as a 7/8 episode series to be broadcast exclusively on the website davidlynch.com back in 2002, it was to be called “Axxon N” and now briefly features at the beginning of Inland Empire as the longest running radio show in the Baltic region, 12 To save money, Lynch decided to lobby for Laura Dern before the Academy Award nominations rather than take out trade advertisements for the film. While he has always maintained a fairly outside (as opposed to anti-) Hollywood stance, he nonetheless felt that an Oscar would be a wonderful thing for Dern, not least of all because of her coming from a very Hollywood family (her parents being Bruce Dern and Diane Ladd). His idea of promotion was to park himself on Sunset Boulevard with “For Your Consideration” and “WITHOUT CHEESE THERE WOULDN’T BE AN INLAND EMPIRE” banners, and a cow (see cover image). When asked to elucidate a little on his pitch, he replied simply, “I ate a lot of cheese during the making of Inland Empire.” Full credits appear in the bibliography at the end of the book. We have tried to stay well within the limits of fair use and have credited everyone as far as we can tell. All the pictures are ours (see copyright page). Please feel free to contact the author and series editor, Helen Donlon hdonlon@well.com with any questions. With very special thanks to Declan O’Reilly, Jenny Fabian, Johnny Byrne and Kitty Robinson. 13 David Lynch David Lynch Philadelphia Lynch lived in Philadelphia at the end of the Sixties, and it is here that his film career began in earnest. He attended the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and got heavily inspired by the darker corners of the city. He also got married and had a daughter. His relationship with the city is ever changing and he has said he finds it truly stimulating and truly awful. He made a few short films here, and got going on his infamous early feature, Eraserhead, which he refers to as My Philadelphia Story... Jack Nance as Henry in Eraserhead, Lynch’s Philadelphia Story 14 15 David Lynch I didn’t want to go to Philadelphia. I detested that city before I knew it: it was one of the last places I would want to go to. But it’s because of my friend Jack Fisk, I don’t know why he went there... First of all we went to Europe together, to study in Salzburg with Oskar Kokoschka. I was supposed to stay there for three years, we stayed two weeks! I didn’t get it. In Salzburg, I had the sensation of being back in the American North-West: everything is so clean, cute, the trees, the valleys... No inspiration. Sometimes you try something and you get a response immediately. I think that what I was looking for was more a place like Philadelphia: I immediately felt an attraction and repulsion with Philadelphia. This is one of the unhealthiest cities I know: corruption, anxiety, anger, violence, hate, madness... a great place! I had never seen anything like it... My biggest source of inspiration has been Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (2002) I saw a woman in a backyard squawking like a chicken, crawling on her hands and knees in tall, dry grass. I saw many strange things. (1997) I had long hair, oh yes. When I arrived in my neighbourhood of Philadelphia, a guy passed by me on a bicycle, took one look at my hair, and shouted at me: “We don’t like your type here. The 24th Street gang is gonna kick your ass!” (1992) 16 David Lynch When I was living there, there was lots of brick. Redbrick buildings. Factories. Actually, the bricks weren’t so much red as they were black from disrepair. Now they’re closed. But they were real great places. Nature was taking them back. Where I was living, the bricks in my house felt paper thin. It felt like there was very little separating me from the bad things happening outside. People would say, y’know, ‘bricks are bricks!’ but in my mind they couldn’t keep out this sense of insecurity. Philadelphia was a very unsafe place. The bricks oozed with a kind of fear. I grew up in the world of painting, not of music. Andy Warhol was painting, but my favourite painter was Francis Bacon. I went to New York to see one of his exhibitions, and it was magnificent. I feel myself close to Bacon but not pop art. What interested me in Philadelphia were the organic phenomenon. I made my first short film [Six Men Getting Sick] in Philadelphia in 1967, the second [The Alphabet] in 1968, and I finished the third in 1970. With the third film, The Grandmother, and the fact that I’d been accepted into the AFI in Los Angeles, I began to feel that it was at least as important to me as painting. Perhaps it had even begun to become more important. I don’t know how it happened. But I was having ideas for films and a great desire to make them concrete. (2002) That’s all I wanted to do for a long time. Just paint. But, suddenly, now there was film. This big thing. (2007) 17 David Lynch My greatest influence was the city of Philadelphia. No kidding. Eraserhead was born in Philadelphia. (1997) On Eraserhead, 1977: David Lynch has often been quoted describing Eraserhead as “a dream of dark and troubling things.” (Barry Gifford, 1997) The film was inspired by Philadelphia. There was no Philadelphia accents, that’s true, but just the same, it is sort of The Philadelphia Story. (1978) When I made films as a student - and I count Eraserhead as one of them - there wasn’t a difference between painting and filmmaking to me. The reason was that I made them for myself. On my own, completely independent (1984) I started at the American Film Institute. I did a few small jobs. My wife was living in a garage with my daughter, we were separated... It was a lovely garage, kind of a bungalow in fact. She was going to move. She asked me to move in there. But I couldn’t afford it. My friend Jack Nance, the lead actor in Eraserhead, had just found a job as a newspaper delivery boy. I asked him if he could find me a job. Suddenly I was delivering The Wall Street Journal for 48 dollars a week. I had a bit of money at last. Till then I’d been sleeping on the Eraserhead set... Mind you, we were shooting in a huge house with 18 rooms, in Beverly Hills, constructed by the millionaire Doheny, one of the founders of Los Angeles. But it’s true that I was penniless. (1992) 18 David Lynch I love a small town. It has to be a certain size small town. It can’t be too small. It has to be big enough so that you don’t know everybody and yet there’s these pleasant places and then strange secrets and sickness there as well. [Going on childhood trips to Brooklyn] was like plugging yourself into the electricity outlet. I couldn’t believe what I was feeling and what I was seeing and it kinda got worse and worse... more fearful and more violence in the air. Now, it’s just thick in the air. It was a very powerful, fearful thing. It was not pleasant but sort of thrilling. I wanted to know about it, but at a safe distance. (1990) I’ve told the story of the reason I got into film a million times. I was working on a painting of a garden at night at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. The plants in the dark night painting began to move and I heard a wind. I thought, ‘Oh, this is interesting. A moving painting.’ That was the thought that started it. (2007) There was an experimental painting and sculpture contest at the end of each year, so I built a moving painting, a sculptured screen. I went to a camera shop and got a camera that took single frames and asked the guy there how to light the thing and they told me. That would have been the end of it, but then one guy commissioned me to do one for his home. I got a used Bolex, beautiful, with a leather case, single frames. I worked for two months on an animation but I didn’t realise the camera had a broken take-up spool. 19 David Lynch When I went to get the film developed it was one continuous blur – everyone thought I would be upset but something inside made me happy. I called the guy and told him what had happened and he told me to keep the rest of the money and do whatever I wanted and give him a print. By then I’d been getting ideas about live action combined with animation. So I made a completely different kind of film out of that supposed disaster and it was actually a gift. A gift beyond the beyond. I don’t remember what your question was. (2007) It was like seeing a five-year-long film. A certain type of architecture, interiors, insanity in that city, fear in that city, hate in that city, turmoil in that city. The intensity of Philadelphia was something. I think it’s different now, but I still think it’s pretty bad. On top of that, it’s called the City of Brotherly Love. (1997) Philadelphia was a city filled with fear, filled with twisted behaviour. It’s called “The City of Brotherly Love”; the absence of that love was alive and well. There was a sort of sickness in the air; a twisted, infectious sickness and a decaying city. But it was very powerful and a lot of Philadelphia seeped into me and it’s a time in life when the window is wide open and things hit you particularly hard. And it was a beautiful experience for me... it fed many things that came along later. (1996) 20 David Lynch The most corrupt, fear-ridden city I’ve ever seen. It’s one of my major film influences. (1990) I lived at 13th and Wood, right kitty-corner from the morgue; that’s real industrial. At 5:00 there’s nobody in that neighbourhood. No one lives there. And I really do like that. It’s beautiful, if you see it the right way. (1978) On a border between purgatory and hell. (1998) It’s so old, it’s decaying. You see, Philadelphia has a mood that is unbelievable if you go to the right areas. New York, there’s so many people, there’s so much happening that the fear is mixed in with a lot of other things. In Philadelphia, there’s not that many people downtown, but there’s plenty of fear.... (1978) There was violence and hate and filth. But the biggest influence in my whole life was that city... I saw things that were frightening, but more than that, thrilling. (2006) For a while, I lived right near where Edgar Allan Poe lived and you know what kind of atmosphere he was picking up on... Then I lived on the border of an area that was black and white and there was conflict and there was such hatred, it was unbelievable. This kid was killed right in front of our house and our house was broken into twice and some windows were shot out one night – it was really bad news and I was plenty glad to get out of Philadelphia!.. (1978) 21 David Lynch All the interaction of these chemicals and nature on things produces something that you could never get unless man and nature worked together... As bad as LA is getting now, I still don’t experience that kind of fear that I had in Philadelphia. It was too close and I was too vulnerable all the time. (2006) Philadelphia, more than any filmmaker, influenced me. It’s the sickest, most corrupt, decaying, fear-ridden city imaginable. I was very poor and living in bad areas. I felt like I was constantly in danger. But it was so fantastic at the same time. (1990) It all started for me in Philadelphia because it’s old enough, and it’s got enough things in the air to really work on itself. It’s decaying but it’s fantastically beautiful, filled with violence, hate and filth. (1997) The house I moved into was across the street from the morgue, next door to Pop’s Diner. The area had a great mood - factories, smoke, railroads, diners, the strangest characters, the darkest nights. The people had stories etched in their faces, and I saw vivid images-plastic curtains held together with Band-Aids, rags stuffed in broken windows, walking through the morgue en-route to a hamburger joint. (1984) 22 David Lynch We lived cheap, but the city was full of fear. A kid was shot to death down the street, and the chalk marks around where he’d lain stayed on the sidewalk for five days. We were robbed twice, had windows shot out and a car stolen. (1984) If you love the world of the movie so much, you want to be in the middle of things. So, it’s great if, while shooting a film, you’re always living in the places, and spend as much time there as possible. That way, the world reveals itself more. (1997) I always say Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is my biggest influence. But for painters, I like many, many painters but I love Francis Bacon the most, and Edward Hopper. Both really different, but Edward Hopper makes us all dream, take off from a painting. Magical stuff. And Bacon for a whole bunch of reasons, but those two are big, big, big inspirations. (2007) To me, [Francis Bacon is] the main guy, the number one kinda hero painter. (2007) I had my first thrilling thought in Philadelphia. (1990) 23 David Lynch David Lynch I despaired plenty. I despaired during Eraserhead that I’d even finish the film. I despaired a couple of times during Elephant Man that I would make it through, and at the end of Dune, so much had gone into it and it was such a disappointment. There are dark times in every picture, and even after every picture. Not everybody loves what you’ve done and negativity is a very powerful thing. And even the positive things are upsetting in a way because then you want to please them the next time again. You gotta kinda just think about the work but it’s not always easy. (1990) Bob’s is a coffee shop and it’s very clean. It’s very normal, good food. And they’ve got a chocolate shake that’s, like, the most. This is what I like, where I’d like to go -I’d like to go to Bob’s, but in my mind I’d rather go into a factory world. It’s too frightening to go there really, so we can only go there in the movies. I like clean well-lit places in my life, but when I sit down and start thinking, I can go to Philadelphia. It’s like looking in, but if things get heavy, then you can leave. It makes you feel comfortable and happy, so you can think of other things and concentrate on ideas. If you’re miserable you can’t create. (1982) I lived not far from the morgue. I walked past every day to have lunch at White Tower. OK my lunch was at 3am, that was my body clock at that time. I worked all night, painting. At White Tower there were all these guys who’d tell me stories about the morgue. So I decided to take a glimpse. One lonely night... (1992) No-one has ever asked me to teach cinema, and it’s never really tempted me either, because I probably wouldn’t be a good teacher. To teach is an art in itself, and very few people actually possess the ability to do it well. I’m not very well-versed in the history of cinema and I don’t have the requisite oratorical skills, so I can’t really see what I’d be able to tell my students, if not to simply take hold of a camera and get out there and start filming. After all, that is how I learned. (1997) 24 I’ve only taken one film course in my entire life, with a teacher called Frank Daniel. It was a film studies course, during which he showed films to the students and asked them to concentrate on just one element: the photography, the sound, the music, the acting, the actors... Afterwards, we would discuss the use of that particular element in that particular film, and we’d compare notes and therefore discover whole bunches of incredible things. It was fascinating. But it worked because Frank, like all good teachers, had this capacity to inspire his students, and to make them passionate for the subject. But I just don’t think I’ve got that quality. (1997) I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again: Philadelphia is the most violent, the most degraded, the sickest, the most decadent, the dirtiest, the most twisted, the darkest of all American cities. Its motto is ‘The City of Brotherly Love’. I’ve lived there. To enter that city is to penetrate an ocean of fear. In 1965, it was terrible. (1992) 25 David Lynch David Lynch Oddities, Freaks and the Inexplicable ‘Oh, my,’ says David Lynch, as he walks into the Paris hotel suite. ‘Look at you all lollygagging around.’ Lollygagging? (Dominic Wells, 1997) John Hurt as The Elephant Man 26 27 David Lynch On Eraserhead, 1977: I’ve changed a lot between starting Eraserhead and finishing Eraserhead, for sure. I’m not anti-life, but, it used to be that I’d get into some really weird stuff – like in Philadelphia, I collected dead mice. Like I went to Vermont one time to visit my friend...I built onto my collection in Vermont. You see, I found this little dead field mouse and I got this dish, this deep dish that had been out there for awhile, and I poured epoxy over it and I’m not kidding – it was unbelievably beautiful! Because this dish had roses on it, it was like a deep tea saucer with roses on it, and there’s this little grey field mouse at the bottom. The polyester resin heated up as it cured and it heated up the mouse enough so that the blood boiled and the blood came out the mouse’s nose and floated, like a cloud, up to the surface of the resin, and with it a whole cluster of little baby maggots and all of the sudden, everything froze like that and it was locked. It was so beautiful, it was incredible. Clear, clear pink, like a rose colored plastic.... It was a beautiful thing. I like organic things, and I don’t like them necessarily because they were dead, but I like the way nature goes to work on something after a certain point...(1978) Henry’s a strange-looking guy, sure... But there’re people living in those fringelands, and they’re the people I really love. Henry’s definitely one of those people. They kind of get lost in time. They’re either working in a factory or fiddling with something or other. It’s a world that’s neither here nor there. But Henry’s not a monster. He dresses up, he keeps himself tidy, and he’s got his girl. He’s really confused, you see. He thinks a lot, and he’s got plenty of time to think things out, but it doesn’t all add up. A lot of things puzzle him. He doesn’t quite have a bead on things. (1980) 28 David Lynch Henry from Eraserhead and Jeffrey from Blue Velvet definitely have a lot in common with me. They are both very special to me, but I can’t really explain why. (1987) Stuart Cornfeld, who worked for Mel Brooks, called me because he liked Eraserhead. We got to know one another. Then one day I decided I had to see what was out there and work on somebody else’s project. I asked Cornfeld what was available, and he told me about The Elephant Man. I said, “That’s it.” So he introduced me to the writers and to Jonathan Sanger, who wanted to produce the film. We got together at Bob’s Big Boy. That’s one of my favourite places. The chocolate shakes at Bob’s are fantastic. They have these machines; I think they’re called Taylors, that make this soft ice cream. You can’t use a straw in it. But the shakes vary. Sometimes they can be granular and too soft. The best is when they’re the consistency of hard butter. They have a lot of chocolate in them. I think what happens is, the shakes come in cartons, and a lot of the chocolate settles to the bottom, and when they pour it into the machine, they don’t stir it up, so sometimes the chocolate looks pale brown instead of a nice, rich chocolate. Two-thirty is Bob’s time... I can think there and draw on the napkins and have my shake. Sometimes I have a cup of coffee, and sometimes I have a small Coke. They both go great with shakes. (1980) 29 David Lynch David Lynch On The Elephant Man, 1980: The story of the Elephant Man was about someone who was a monster on the outside but who inside was a beautiful and normal human being you fell in love with. He was a monster who wasn’t really a monster. I like human conditions that are distorted. It makes the undistorted stand out. I like psychological twists, too. (1987) It’s a dangerous thing, you know, to say what a picture is. I can’t really talk about that. I can say, it’s, you know, it’s... I wouldn’t be able to say it in a short, you know, time. (1996) At the London Hospital, where the Elephant Man really did live, there’s a medical museum. A guy named Mr. Nunn helps run the place, and he became a good friend of mine while I was filming over there. They’ve got specimens from the nineteenth century. He was telling me that there were people walking around with gigantic holes in their bodies and these terrible sores. You saw much more horror on the streets then. (1980) Look at rats. If you put them together in one room, they change their behaviour and become quite strange... That must be the same for those people in overpopulated cities. We are so influenced by all these configurations in our environment! I love watching that. (1999) It could be very small things that are horrifying. Just seeing one detail and the knowledge that came from that detail could be as frightening as death. It’s what your mind does with that information that could be frightening. (1997) People are a number seven, chairs are two or three and walls are like a one. (1997) (Lynch-style synasthesia.) 30 On Lost Highway, 1997: Every day... sometimes on some other films... I wished the driver to take me somewhere else because things just get under pressure. But this has been, every day, a beautiful experience. (1996) After I’d found the song “I’m Deranged” by David Bowie, I suddenly realized that everything in the scene was working. (1997) The good is real. Those suburban images in the film are definitely real. That’s the world I grew up in. People laugh at the good because they don’t want to be fools. (1997) Now...talking about this psychogenic fugue, which has the word “fugue” and fugues at least make me feel insane. Though I like to experiment with the form of a fugue. (1996) The running asphalt, the yellow line illuminated by the headlights had to give the feeling of pulling the audience in. We worked a lot to find the right speed for the car, the right speed of the camera. I don’t always shoot at 24 frames per second. (1997) When you’re an artist, you pick up on certain things that are in the air. You just feel it. It’s not like you’re sitting down, thinking, ‘What can I do to really mess things up?’ (Mikal Gilmore, Rolling Stone, 1997) 31 David Lynch David Lynch Cigarettes are pretty much my worst vice, and I even stopped smoking for 20 years. I spend most of my free time with my family and working on art. (1997) I keep hoping people will like abstractions, space to dream, consider things that don’t necessarily add up. (1997) Before you think of anything, the whole landscape is open. But once you start falling in love with certain ideas, the road you’re on becomes very narrow. If you concentrate, ideas will come to that narrow road and finish it. (1997) Alone, only one person has to tune in. With a group you have to talk and act and react until everyone tunes into the same things as close as possible. (1998) I don’t like the word ironic. I like the word absurdity, and I don’t really understand the word ‘irony’ too much. The irony comes when you try to verbalize the absurd. When irony happens without words, it’s much more exalted. (1997) I don’t know how it works. Sometimes it’s a hand gesture or a look, but something is transferred from one person to another that has nothing to do with words. It’s an understanding, something is going on, and little by little, this performance is altering and getting very close to the way it should be. (1997) There’s not a lot I don’t believe in. And if there were, it would always be changing. Maybe you’d know it if you saw it... But I don’t think you’d find it. (1997) Cinema is a thing where you have to use your reasoned mind a lot. But you also have to go into intuition and the subconscious mind too, because cinema can work with those things so nicely... The uncomfortable, stranger or sicker aspects should be done in a way that is cinematically thrilling. Then I think that people can see it as a cinematic, magical thing and enjoy all the different elements of the film. If it was just sick for sickness’ sake it wouldn’t be right. (1990) When a good idea bobs up, it really smacks you. It’s like a piece of electricity and you see the whole thing and you feel it and you know what to do. It all comes with the idea. (1997) Hats! They’re great! I wore this real cool one constantly for six years – a ten gallon cowboy hat. I love Forties movies when everyone wore a hat. Now there are no more hats, and that’s a real shame. (1997) I have a thing for curtains and the stage. But then, I think everybody does because a curtain hides something and we want to know what’s behind this curtain. And in the cinema, when the curtain opens and the lights go down, it’s so beautiful and magical, there’s something to it. So it thrills me. (2007) 32 33 David Lynch I asked [an] analyst if treatment could have dulled or reduced in some way my creativity and visionary skills. He answered that could happen. And I preferred to keep my neurosis. I think it’s better to keep a little bit of innocence, of notknowing for the sake of my creative future. (1997) I don’t think the things you sense are strange. I just think early on you realize that it’s not the way it seemed last week. (1997) Well, actors ask questions. When rehearsals start, you can be very close or a million miles away, it doesn’t matter. The process starts, you rehearse, you talk, you rehearse, you talk. And I promise you, the words are only part of this process. (1997) My whole process begins when somewhere along the line I catch an idea. That idea is everything to me then. You catch a film idea and you fall in love with it for two reasons. One is the idea itself and the second is how cinema can translate it. And then you just stay true to that idea and go. It keeps talking to you, and you don’t walk away from anything until it feels correct based on that idea. That’s it. (2007) 34 David Lynch Everybody knows mysterious places, there are things in life that are more felt, sensed than rationally known. We often receive signals telling us that things came from far, from a “before”, they are not simply happening at that moment. They are signals coming from the mind, from hidden places, you don’t really know what’s there behind the door at the end of the dark corridor that swallows you. But you can imagine it. And I make films to open that door in front of the nothing. (1997) What I’m trying to do with each canvas is create a situation in which the paint can be itself, which means letting go of any rationalization. It’s important to let ideas blossom without too much judging or interference. The beauty of children is their ability to look at the world openly, without being bound by the intellect. Your intellect can hold back so many wonderful, fantastic things. Without logic or reason, there’s always something else, something unseen. The world is infinite rather than finite. (1993) You can’t force an idea to come to you but you can make preparations. It’s like you can’t force yourself to go to sleep, but you can lay comfortably in the bed and close your eyes, get nice and cozy, and eventually you’ll go to sleep. If you sit in a chair, and you have a desire for ideas, you begin to daydream, and as you’re daydreaming you’re sinking deeper in. And all of a sudden you can catch one. (2001) 35 David Lynch David Lynch Surrealism, and Visions of Lynchland I don’t know why people expect art to make sense.They accept the fact that life doesn’t make sense. (1990) Lynch as a young filmmaker, on set 36 37 David Lynch On Eraserhead, 1977: The lady in the radiator wasn’t even there in the original script of Eraserhead. One day, I was sitting in a room where we weren’t shooting and I got this idea and I ran in there to the radiator, and it was the kind that had this weird little box in there. We’d already shot a lot of the film, some with Henry even looking there, and we didn’t have to change anything. It was the weirdest thing, like she was already there but we didn’t know it! She, to me, represents the goodness in Henry’s life and all that, but she’s a very strange looking woman for sure. She’s got skin problems that she’s trying to cover up with pancake makeup. A bad problem...(1978) On Lost Highway, 1997: It happened to me in real life. One day, in the morning, someone rang on my door and said “Dick Laurent is dead.” I didn’t see him, I’ve never found out who did say this message. I don’t know any Dick Laurent. A mistake, maybe, but this occurrence obsessed me for a long time. (1997) On The Straight Story, 1999: It’s the weird thing about a true story; one accepts the fact that he rode all this way on a lawnmower. If you made that story up, you know what would have happened! (1999) Life is a symbol, the body is a symbol... the mystery in life is to break through and find out what these symbols mean. (1978) 38 David Lynch I don’t know. In surrealistic film, since you can’t understand the story in a normal way, you’re paying more attention to cinema, or sound, or music. So they’re using cinema in a kind of nifty way, but if you could use the same things in telling a regular story, then I think you’re getting closer to what it should be, to what it could be... (1989) As everyone could see in the Cartier Fondation exhibition, Francis Bacon really traumatized me: I’ve been in love with his work since the 1960s! But influence can be a prison, and you have to learn to escape from it. Surrealism also had a big impact on me. I put as much energy into distortion and twists as I do in actually creating, in the strict sense of the term. (2007) The work (painting) has gotten, I hope, a hair more painterly but I’m still not there yet - where I want to be. They’re all failures in my mind. There’s some kind of dark... violent mood, but there’s a string of humour in them, too... I call (some of) them ‘violent comedies’. (1990) I think the American public is so surreal, and they understand surrealism. And the idea they don’t is so absurd. It’s just that they’ve been told that they don’t understand it. You go anywhere and old-timers will tell you very surreal stories with strange humour. And everyone has a friend who is totally surreal. (1990) 39 David Lynch Painting is different because there’s no script. So if you’ve got a bunch of canvases ready to go, some paint and a place to work, all you need is to catch an idea to get you started. Then it’s action and reaction: the paint starts talking to you, the beautiful process begins and a whole bunch of different things happen. More often than not there’s a point in the action and reaction where the reaction is to destroy the thing: it’s pretty much bullshit surface baloney, and you just want to destroy it to get past it. The destruction is much more free, so you might just start building on the thing that was destroyed, another thing comes out and that’s the way it can grow. You can break through to something else, but if you’re not up for destroying you can’t get there. (2007) If surrealism comes naturally, from inside yourself, and you stay innocent, then it’s fine. A forced, affected surrealism would be horrible. The surrealists were only interested in the medium, the texture. (2005) You’re sitting quietly and something unfolds... in your mind. (1996) David Lynch The paintings are sort of figurative. But like I said they’re bad paintings. But they’re bad in a sort of cool way. I love bad paintings. They have to be bad because there’re so many beautiful paintings. There’s something about paint, if it gets too beautiful, you kind of miss the fantastic thing about just paint. That’s what I’ve been finding out about. There are a lot of great painters who know about bad painting, and who know what I’m talking about. When it’s really working, you’re looking at the subject and the paint at the same time. I wanted to bite my paintings. I was worried about it though, I saw these little skeletons on the paint cans, so I never did bite them. But I wanted to bite them so badly. I don’t know where all this is going to go, but they’ve got to be beautiful and they’ve got to be bad at the same time. Sort of like women. (1989) Some things, strangely, are not so understandable. But when things in film are not so understandable, people become worried. (1996) Cinema is such a beautiful language. Cinema is the thing that deals with things beyond words, and it’s so beautiful. So to go with cinema is like going with music, your intellect travels along with it, it’s so fantastic. Go in and have an experience in a different world. (2006) In a sense, all film is entering into someone else’s dreams. Maybe we can even share the same dreams, exchange the same experiences. (1997) 40 41 David Lynch See, there’s the doughnut and there’s the hole. The doughnut is the film. The hole is all the things you’re talking about, so they say, “Keep your eye on the doughnut, not the hole.” And the doughnut is so much better than the hole, so it’s not that hard to do. (2001) The more unknowable the mystery, the more beautiful it is. (1997) Sometimes (ideas come) in sequences; another time they don’t have a certain sound, but they contain indications of the form of what they should sound like. They have a mood, they have a feeling. They contain characters that reveal themselves to you with precision: they are particularly dressed, you understand them right away. Sometimes it comes all at once. Where does it come from? Within one minute, that’s beyond our consciousness, and then, bingo, there it reveals to you! That’s a magical thing. (1997) I think it’s up to everyone’s own imagination: the audience’s, and that of the actors playing the roles. If you want to be incredibly literal you could be, but I don’t think this is the place to be incredibly literal. I filed my literal side away. (1999) David Lynch People have different interpretations. But abstractions exist around every corner in so-called life, and these are things that make us start thinking. (1999) Its awfully strange, but its not twisted. Its just time that America faced itself and realized that we’re happy, strange people and we dig abstractions just like the Europeans, and we understand them just like they do. We have our own brand. But we have been told all this time that we’re not that hip when it comes to surrealism or certain abstract thing. But we know we are. The way I see it we’re human beings with a tradition we all understand. There’s a lot of humor in it, and there’s also a lot of very strange things in it that we really appreciate but are perhaps a little afraid to celebrate. (1990) I don’t want to give the impression that I sit around thinking up horrible things. I get all kinds of different ideas and feelings. If I’m lucky, they start organizing themselves into a story--then maybe some ideas come along that are too eerie, too violent, or too funny, and they don’t fit that story. So you write them down and save them for two or three projects down the road. There’s nowhere you can’t go in a film--if you think of it, you can go there. (2005) Cinema is a thing where you have to use your reasoned mind a lot, but you also have to go into intuition and the subconscious mind too, because cinema can work with those things so nicely. (2001) 42 43 David Lynch David Lynch Twin Peaks, TV and the Sales Rig One morning David showed up after meditating and said “Mark, I have this image of a tabletop full of doughnuts.” (Mark Frost, 2003) “A murder mystery soap opera,” Lynch to Badalamenti on describing Twin Peaks Sheryl Lee as Laura Palmer in Twin Peaks 44 45 David Lynch I love Twin Peaks. I would love to go back there with Laura Palmer. I would still go back there, perhaps... (1992) I don’t quite know how it happened, but the characters turned out to be people we all know instantly. They’re all very human. And, certainly, they are slightly bent. (1990) Mark Frost and I had this idea. The way we pitched this thing was as a murder mystery, but that murder mystery was to eventually become the background story. Then there would be a middle ground of all of the characters we stay with for the series. And the foreground would be the main characters that particular week: the ones we’d deal with in detail. We’re not going to solve the murder for a long time. This they did not like. They did not like that. And they forced us to, you know, get to Laura’s killer. It wasn’t really all their fault. People just got a bug in them that they wanted to know who killed Laura Palmer. Calling out for it. And one thing led to another, and the pressure was just so great that the murder mystery couldn’t be just a background thing any more. The progress towards it, but never getting there, was what made us know all the people in Twin Peaks: how they all surrounded Laura and intermingled. All the mysteries. But it wasn’t meant to be. It just couldn’t happen that way. The yearning to know was too intense. But the mystery was the magical ingredient. It would’ve made Twin Peaks live a lot longer. (1997) 46 David Lynch The power of most movies is in the bigness of the image, and the sound, and the romance. On TV the sound suffers and the impact suffers. With just a flick of the eye, or turn of the head, you see the TV stand, you see the rug, you see some little piece of paper with writing on it, or a strange toaster or something. You’re out of the picture in a second... And the commercials are very, very loud so people just mute them anyway. I would turn the whole set off. What are they doing to everything? They’re ruining everything with this! I don’t know how anything can work when they’re so destructive. But you’re like a voice in the wilderness. (2005) They don’t trust themselves. In TV you can’t trust anything and you learn that the hard way. (1990) I don’t like television. I don’t like it because it forces a person to move too fast. Waterskiing works really good when you’re moving fast because you stay on the surface. But for a lot of things you want to go deep. I think television forces you into a shallow sort of thing. (1999) We’re on the verge of high quality, beautiful images that could be piped to the home, and I’m afraid a bunch of people are going to ruin it. You’ve got to be able to give a better chance for people at home to enter the dream, but TV is just for selling products. It’s just a little rig for that. (1997) 47 David Lynch The good news is that I love Twin Peaks. I love doing it. I just finished shooting the first two episodes for this season, and I love going into that world. So if it keeps on going I’ll be very happy. The hard part is turning it over to other people (to direct), because it seems like it’s my world. It’s painful, because there are subtle little differences that you’d want if you were directing it. You just have to kind of accept that, or you go insane. It’s part of TV... I guess it goes back to this thing about how we’re all curious and we love mysteries, when clues are given and there’s an excitement to it. It’s great to know that the world (of Twin Peaks) is real enough for people to care about and think about. (1990) Television is full of violence. Thousands of dead bodies are televised each year. But there’s little blood and you don’t feel the pain of the victims. It’s rather action than violence. It’s confusing for the audience; it makes them more ignorant to the pain and suffering the violence causes. I think that’s a great danger. (1990) I know nothing about television. I know too little of it to understand their ways of thinking. I do however get the feeling that television networks are a thing of the past. On cable, there are less constraints, one can therefore conceive of some adult projects. And soon with the internet everyone will have their own station; then everything will be possible. (1999) 48 David Lynch I was on the set in Laura Palmer’s house, we were going to shoot a panning shot in Laura’s room to start with, and Frank da Silva was a set decorator and he was in arranging some furniture, and at a certain point he moved a chest of drawers in front of the door. And someone behind me, as I was pointing in the other direction, said `Don’t block yourself in there, Frank,’ and my mind pictured Frank blocked in the room. (1999) I liked the idea of a continuing story that sucks you into a deeper world, but Laura Palmer’s killer was never meant to be discovered. The mystery was meant to float permanently above the action. Once it got solved, something beautiful was lost. (1997) Well, I loved Twin Peaks. I loved the world of it. That’s all I cared about – going into a world in a continuing story. Mark Frost and I never wanted to solve the murder of Laura Palmer. The second year, I would come back and do something every then and now, but basically I left it because you can’t do everything. I have misgivings about the way it went but I still – and always will – love that world. (1999) The film (Fire Walk With Me) was in the Twin Peaks world, but Twin Peaks had run its course. The feeling at the time we started it was very different from the feeling at the time we finished it. People had had enough. (1997) 49 David Lynch I don’t think I let myself down with it. It just did not go well in the world. And the fact that it failed was good in a way. A failure can free a person. There’s no more place to go down and you get more space to search for ideas. It really can be pretty beautiful. (1997) I just died a little bit on Fire Walk With Me. But it’s true, and the reaction was understandable at the time. It wasn’t in the same spirit as the series, that’s what people got upset about. And the series was tapering anyway. And there was a dark cloud over things for me right around that time. It was just destined to happen that way. But over time, since then, its reputation has come up. (2007) I WILL NEVER WORK IN TELEVISION AGAIN (1992) On Mulholland Drive, 2001: ABC doesn’t want Mulholland Drive for fall, and they don’t want it for midseason. They don’t want it... All I know is, I loved making it, ABC hated it, and I don’t like the cut I turned in. I agreed with ABC that the longer cut was too slow, but I was forced to butcher it because we had a deadline, and there wasn’t time to finesse anything. It lost texture, big scenes, and storylines, and there are 300 tape copies of the bad version circulating around. Lots of people have seen it, which is embarrassing, because they’re bad-quality tapes, too. I don’t want to think about it... It’s almost absurd to air it as a one-off thing. Disney will release a kind of a 50 David Lynch movie-of-the-week on foreign television that will have a closed ending. But the ending is not the traditional ending like in a film. I call this ending a wart instead of a head. It’s not a finished body. It’s a body with a wart on top of the neck. (1999) Everybody plays his or her own part and ABC did Mulholland Drive by turning the pilot down. The idea just had to take that route. Looking back now I see that they were fulfilling a very important role, in this project going forward to being the thing it always wanted to be. I really feel that’s true. It benefited in many, many ways... Pierre Edelman from the French company Studio Canal Plus came up here... and he said, bless his heart, ‘I know I can get a copy of the pilot for Mulholland Drive on tape. Can I have your permission to look at it?’ And I said ‘Pierre, you do not want to see that damn thing. He said ‘but you want to finish it, don’t you?’ And I said ‘yeah, but I don’t have any ideas about how to finish it, and the tape is TERRIBLE...’ A year later, Pierre got the rights. (2007) They hated it. They hated the story, the acting. They thought it was too slow, that’s for sure. Basically they hated everything about it... I started, though, way before that, when it was gonna be kind of a spin-off of Twin Peaks, but it didn’t go anywhere...it was nothing but trouble with ABC, and it was just more fuel for the [theory] that a thing is not finished until it’s finished. It wants to be a certain way, and you don’t know all the twists and turns in a road that are coming up - you just drive down the road and, you know, pay attention. (2001) 51 David Lynch David Lynch “And there’s always music in the air...” Lynchian Soundscapes These sounds that we think of as Lynchian, the ambient noise. (Mark Kermode, Guardian, 2007) I haven’t heard much punk music – you know Pete Ivers? He was playing me the Ramones and some other bands. I really believe they’re on to something, like going back to the roots of real rock ‘n’ roll and I love that. Rock ‘n’ roll has gotten so watered down in so many different mixtures that it’s nothing, it doesn’t do anything for you, and when you hear the REAL stuff, it just drives you crazy. The politics, I don’t go for, I’m not into that one bit. I’m into doing something and doing the best job you can at it, trying to get as deep into it as possible, down at the roots, and surface music and surface movies are just so much fluff. (1978) Kyle MacLachlan and Isabella Rossellini in Blue Velvet 52 53 David Lynch On The Elephant Man, 1980: I remember, for instance, that during the filming of The Elephant Man, in a Sunday afternoon, I wasn’t working, I was at home and I listened to an adagio for strings on the radio. Suddenly the whole ending of the movie came to me (it was the Adagio for Strings, by Samuel Barber, which, in fact, was used in the movie’s soundtrack). The more I work, the more I see that there is a real magic in music and in the way it relates to images. On Blue Velvet, 1986: Isabella (Rossellini) was supposed to sing Blue Velvet in the movie, so I wanted to get a road band to back her up. In my mind I thought it would be something that would just fall into place. Luckily for me, we got a band that just did not gel with Isabella. So we had this fiasco recording session in Wilmington. And because that didn’t work, the producer, Fred Caruso, said, ‘Let me call my friend Angelo and have him work with Isabella.’ Angelo came down, spent about an hour and a half with Isabella, recorded this thing on a cassette, brought it to where we were shooting, played it. I said, ‘We can put this in the movie exactly the way it is now.’ It was unbelievable - the tempo, the feel, this tenderness, this certain kind of mood that he got so quickly. Fred was nodding and smiling. Angelo was a very happy guy. Isabella was happy and everything looked good. (1990) On Lost Highway, 1997: With sound you can really create. I have tried that in every previous film, but only now, thanks to new technologies, I was able to reach the results I wanted. You can really get lost; sound effects are as fascinating as music. Also for the soundtrack I wanted to play with contrast between Badalamenti’s melodies and dissonant sounds, such as Nine Inch Nails. (1997) 54 David Lynch On the set, while you’re shooting, the music by Badalamenti or others is playing at full volume. (1997) Here as well the thing is to talk to the people just to the moment when what they’re proposing to you goes with the scene. With Angelo our discussions were very short because we’re used to working together. Barry Adamson who is a great English composer has a very particular style which is perfect for Mr. Eddy. After that we talked and Barry created the other pieces also fantastic. That was born out of our conversations. (1997) On his album art: Well, I had ants in my kitchen, they were sugar ants, but they were coming in for water. So I made a small human head of cheese and turkey and encased it in clay and mounted it on a small coat hanger. I exposed some turkey in the mouth and in the eyes and in the ears. I knew the ants would go for this stuff, and sure enough, the next day they’d already found it, had the highway built and were going into the eyes and the mouth. Just racing around this head, carrying off little bits of turkey and cheese and coming back for more. They were working for me 24 hours a day, and they cleaned the inside of the head of every little bit of food in four days! Ants, as we know, are tireless workers, so if you can get a project they can do, they’ll do it with no questions asked. (1997) There has always been music, but mostly classical. For me, like for everyone, everything changed in 55 David Lynch David Lynch 1956. I was 10 years old. A new style was born which unleashed things inside me. I got it immediately – I have to say I heard it loud and clear. During this time, there were many different styles crossing over, but rock ‘n’ roll supplanted all of them for me. When you’re growing up the music you listen to marries what you are living, and it becomes a part of you... (2002) It’s like time stands still, I can’t tell you how much fun it is. That’s why I love musicians. They have so much fun. Plus they sleep late in the mornings after having fun all day long. And they like each other. Well, I’m not saying they ALL like each other, but the ones I’ve met have this kind of love for life. They’re carefree. They’re like kids. But I guess the most important thing they sleep late. They’re never ready to work early in the morning. (1990) It seems to me that sound was used for dialogue and that for a while film was theatre moved into cinema. But people are thinking a lot more about sound now and it really is the new area. It all goes back to mood. You have to get the sound to fit a particular film. Certain lightning can create feeling – sound can alter mood even more. I really like the idea of sound effects being used as music. (1980) Some of the happiest moments I’ve ever had have been working with Angelo. He’s got a big heart, and he allowed me to come into his world and get involved with music. When we started working together, instantly we had a kind of rapport – me not knowing anything about music, but real interested in sound effects and mood. I realized a lot of things about sound effects and music working with Angelo, how close they are to one another. (1990) 56 Now I’ll let you in a secret: I play with a Black Bird guitar – a black guitar, it’s fantastic and very sophisticated – and I use two Ampeg amplifiers. That way you can hear the sound and follow it. The sound makes you play in a certain way. It’s the secret of lots of things, this process of action and reaction. You don’t say to yourself “hey, let’s play some metal!” When you hear this sound, your hair grows 50 or 60cm, and your skin gets drawn: that’s Blue Bob. (2002) I like heavy metal and the dreamlike rock ‘n’ roll of the 50s. For me, this type of music was only being made during a very short period of time which corresponded to the collision of rhythm ‘n’ blues and rockabilly. It ended up going in different directions though which, for my taste, were not satisfying. (2001) 57 David Lynch The producer of an album is like the director of a film. We were able to shift the feelings of a song only so much. So I was really into working with Julee because it was like working with an actor. If something wasn’t feeling quite right, then you have to talk to them. So I would talk to her, not in musical terms because I’m not a musician. After a little while, you sort of get a sense of what might trigger something. You try to find those things and see if they work. You get a dialogue going. That’s what we all had to do. By the end, we could understand each other without talking. (1990) Punk didn’t interest me, and didn’t influence me in the least. (2002) I think that this dubbing of pictures has got to end. It ruins the picture, completely. (2006) I had been talking to Angelo about Industrial Symphony #1. We’d even started writing stuff for it a long time ago. When the Brooklyn Academy Of Music called, we mentioned it to them. They loved the title of it. Then we had to make it up. It’s a bunch of things together. It was actually called Industrial Symphony #1 And The Dream Of The Broken Hearted. It’s a break-up of a love-story with an industrial background. (1990) Cinema to me is sound and picture rolling along together in time and it’s so important, the sound, how it goes with the picture, how it marries. (1999) 58 David Lynch I’ve always loved hearing sound through a little wind and not being able to really understand it. It also makes me a little bit sad. (2000) Every scene needs a certain mood. Often I have the music in my mind first and only after that the images. And sometimes the scenes come completely mute and then I have to experiment for a long time to find the right music. (1997) Sound is fifty per cent at least maybe forty per cent in some scenes, sixty per cent in others. Sound and picture working together is what films are. (1997) It’s many parts, and every part you try to get up to one hundred per cent so that the whole thing can jump. When all the parts are there it’s magical. So every single sound has to be supporting that scene and enlarging it. (1997) When we hit the quiet part of the music we’ll crank it up on acting, okay? (1996) It was from my collaboration with Angelo that I began to understand and to appreciate better the world of music – and I realized that many of the laws of music are identical to the laws of cinema, in terms of rhythm, in terms of presenting themes, of atmosphere. (2002) 59 David Lynch It’s very common for a musical piece to be the basis for a whole cinematographic architecture, for me. (2002) Lately I feel films are more and more like music. Music deals with abstractions and, like film, it involves time. It has many different movements, it has much contrast. And through music you learn that, in order to get a particular beautiful feeling, you have to have started far back, arranging certain things in a certain way. You can’t just cut to it. (1997) Then music comes in. Transitions from sound effects to musical sound effects to music, or all things going at once, it’s all letting the film talk to you. (1997) You try to get those sounds to marry with that picture and enhance it, based on the idea. When they flow together and they marry, then you’ve got a chance at the thing where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. And that’s beautiful. (2007) Well, film brings most mediums together. Painting, building furniture, or working with Angelo in music is like an avenue and is initially its own thing. Sure, you can get lost in those specific things completely. And if you get an idea for some table or some piece of furniture, it’s pretty thrilling... (1997) 60 David Lynch I’m not a musician, but I love the world of music. I play the guitar but I play it upside down and the wrong way... Like the painting, it could go somewhere but that’s not what it’s about. (1999) I guess the more [things] you’re into; the more they’re going to help each other. (1999) I wanted my paintings to move. It was as simple as that. I heard sounds, mostly sound effects like wind, when I painted, so I wanted movement and sound. I just wanted to do it as a moving painting, with sound. That’s how it started. (1999) A room is, say, nine by twelve, but when you’re introducing sound to it, you can create a space that’s giant, hearing things outside the room or feeling certain through a vent, and then there are abstract sounds that are like music. They give emotions and set different moods. This allows, in my opinion, a great concentration of the staff and the actors. It’s useful to let them fall into the mood of the film. During dialogues, of course, I prefer silence. (1997) 61 David Lynch David Lynch Textures, Experiments and Realisation Films and furniture are based on ideas. You get an idea. And then you’re hooked. (Swiss furniture company, Casanostra website) Top Ten of textures? Well, skin is near the top. I love the textures of a factory. I love smoke in the sky, and I love oil in the dirt. And I like wire, and I like broken glass, and I like sweat and pistols. I like a little bit of blood and saliva on concrete. I like cars and exhaust and, I don’t know, a million different things. Teeth. (1984) David Lynch: Working lunch 62 63 David Lynch On Eraserhead, 1977: There was one shot where Henry walks down the hall, turns the doorknob and a year and a half later he comes through the door! Those things can be extremely frightening, to think about holding a mood and a correctness, something that will stick together after five years. (1997) I’m real interested in textures... For instance, I once had this dead cat. A vet gave it to me. I took it home. It was a real experience. I got all set up for it in the basement. And I dissected it. I put it in a bottle, but the bottle had a real small hole in it. The cat went in like a Slinky, but it got rigor mortis in there. I’m not kidding you... This was for Eraserhead. It’s like... it’s like a duck. I love the idea of a duck. Because there’s the bill, there’s the head and neck, there’s the body and feet, and then there’s that eye. That eye is real little, but it’s gleaming like a jewel. So, it can be little and still command as much attention as the big body. If the body were the eye, and the eye were the body, it wouldn’t work. Those kinds of things just drive me nuts. I think that those proportions in nature, in a duck, mean something. The proportion of the eye to the body, and the material, and the amount of “busyness” in it. I think that painting subconsciously obeys these rules. And all these things are there when you’re dissecting something. The textures and shapes are unbelievable. That’s why I dissected the cat. (1980) I felt Eraserhead, I didn’t think it. It was a quiet process: going from inside me to the screen. I’d get something on film, get it paced a certain way, add the right sounds, and then I’d be able to say if it worked or not. (1996) 64 David Lynch On The Elephant Man, 1980: I didn’t know anything about the Victorian era before I started, and I really worried about that. I mean, here I was, from Montana, doing this Victorian drama. But I believe you can tune into a feeling for a time and place. We did a lot of research. I was going to work with really great actors on a true story from Victorian times in a country I didn’t know. At first, I thought I wouldn’t be able to handle it. I couldn’t get into the atmosphere. I couldn’t even find the locations I wanted. Then, one day, I was at an abandoned hospital in the East End of London and it clicked. Everything was there: the atmosphere, the rooms, the long corridors. I always thought of it as a black and white film. Black and white immediately takes you out of the real world. To go back in time and have this mood of the Industrial Revolution. The places, the stark feeling – black and white is perfect. Most of my favourite films are black and white. Well, I’m flipped out over industry and factories – sounds as well as images... The Elephant Man takes place when industrialization was still starting... I was hoping that the Victorians would have had more machinery around. There wasn’t a lot, but what they did have made a lot noise and a lot of smoke. (2007) On Dune, 1984: There was a time when we had a four- or five-hour version but only because when you assemble all the things you always have a long film at first. My problem with Dune was that I started compromising way up front, even in the shooting. And it was subtly sorta compromising because I kinda felt I didn’t have final cut. I was feeling the nature of the producers and 65 David Lynch David Lynch what they were going to buy or not buy, and I was making adjustments to go as far as I could in my direction and still have them allowing it. And right away that was a compromise. That’s the problem with not having final cut. Final cut doesn’t mean you’re going to abuse the privilege, it just means you can be completely true to the thing from the beginning and not worry about making these wrong choices.’ (1990) On Inland Empire, 2006: I started to experiment with a PD150 camera, uniquely for the website. Short sequences, like the ones with the rabbits, with Naomi Watts, Laura Harring and Scott Coffey. Very quickly, I fell for this piece of equipment. I started having ideas for scenes, I wrote them down and then shot them without having any idea how they’d go together... Eventually, it all clicked and I saw the possibility to make a feature. (2007) Dune was the only film I’ve made that was a failure to me. (1997) On Lost Highway, 1997: In a way, Lost Highway started with the Barry Gifford book Night People. Night People doesn’t tell the story of this film, but one of the characters in it uses the expression “lost highway”. These words alone created an impression and a mystery that I loved very much. (1997) I don’t think my film is sick. The movie describes what could be a sickness, the name psychogenic fugue describes someone who escapes from himself to become another one. Not in the mind, but truly physically another one. (1997) I want it to look really distorted – like hot, burning flesh. Let’s get some light on the car. Let me know when everything’s ready. (1995) Then magic things can happen. You have the possibility of talking with the actors at the same time as filming. You’re light, mobile; you can move from place to place, you can almost see in the dark. For me it’s like a dream come true. I was directing a scene, and Laura [Dern] and me were filming. Sometimes it was just the two of us. Other scenes required a bigger team. Ideas were coming to me all along the way and – bless her – Laura was always there at my side. (2007) A car arrived and five or six guys get out and come into my house. And they’re from Lodz, Poland, and they say they’re from the Camerimage film festival... They invited me over there and I asked them if I went there, because I heard there were factories, so I asked if they could get me into factories so that I could photograph, and if they could get me nude women at night to photograph. (2007) On The Straight Story, 1999: As soon as I started to read the story, all my fears disappeared. My imagination went to work and I felt the emotion coming out of the material. (1999) 66 67 David Lynch David Lynch Well, I got this idea, and I didn’t have the money to support Laura Dern in the traditional way, and I thought: Oh, I’ll go see what happens at the corner of Hollywood and La Brea because we found a place we could go to there, it was very nicely situated there. And I’ll take a cow and this placard and promote Laura this way. Within one hour Channel 4 News was there and Channel 5 News was there, and a good-sized crowd was there, really nice people. And I didn’t realise the love people have for cows. (2006) In anything, I think making a mood is very important. You’re somewhere where you couldn’t go if you weren’t looking at that particular thing. And even if it’s a violent comedy, you find something about it is so compelling or appealing, in some strange way, that you want to go there again. (1989) What’s great about cinema is that it has allowed me to try everything – even decor and furniture. Most of my furniture is designed as it is being constructed: at the beginning of a project, whatever it is, I don’t make a plan, there’s just always this phenomenon of action and reaction, as there is with painting. The idea which allows you to get going is important, but it rarely corresponds to the final result. This process of action/reaction takes you much further than the original idea does. That’s what is so magnificent. The object becomes what it wants to become. Cinema has allowed me to pursue many roads, like photography. Each time you undertake something, a whole other world opens up to you. You follow the path, you look at the photographs and that gives you the ideas – to use another film or another type of paper, for example. There are so many roads one can take: it’s really a shame that the days are not longer. (2002) 68 I’m fascinated by the fusion of man and nature.It may not look like it, but to a certain extent I’m looking for that kind of phenomenon in the abandoned wastelands of post-industrial society: rust, dust, abandoned factories overgrown with weeds, old pipes that drip, walls blackened by soot, smoke billowing from smokestacks. It’s a form of nostalgia, because this industry is rapidly disappearing, particularly in the United States. (2007) When I was at art school, in the 1960s, I smoked weed but not a lot: it made me completely paranoid. I didn’t like that very much. As far as LSD goes, my friends who took it told me not to touch it. I always asked myself why they advised me against it. I thank them for thinking of me, and in the end I have never taken it... Sure the Beatles practiced Transcendental Meditation and took drugs at the same time. All of the ideas are there, right beside you: drugs can help you grab hold of them, but they can get deformed, and other ideas can be suffocated. The risk is of falling into a state where you can’t make your ideas concrete. With meditation, you make the container bigger and you can catch the same ideas. Drugs, like meditation, don’t produce anything that doesn’t already exist. It’s all there. (2002) 69 David Lynch David Lynch An empty room is a certain speed, and a person standing there is another speed, and that proportion is, you know, can be beautiful, if the room is a 2 and the person is a 7. I think a person is around a 7; fire and electricity can go up to a 9, for instance, a really intricately designed, you know, decorative room is pretty disturbing, sometimes – it’s too fast. But then if you put something slow in it, it could work beautifully. A busy room and a person, they fight each other. (1999) (Filming with the PD150): I sometimes put it on the tripod and light it but sometimes it’s floating. Something happened because I’m holding the camera more on this and when you hold the camera you find yourself moving based on the feeling you’re getting from the scene and I think that’s a secretive act. You’re looking and listening and you are just doing things that you wouldn’t do if you had an operator. You wouldn’t be able to tell him in time. It’s more like you’re in there and you’re doing things that you couldn’t have done before. (2006) I love smoke, machinery in motion, and endless labyrinths of pipes. (1984) But I do love black and white, light / darkness, contrast. Black and white is so pure. It emphasizes emotions, it’s powerful. To me there’s even a black and white sound. And the image demands a certain sound, noise, music. (1984) I love concrete. Concrete is very strong. It can be very smooth and make beautiful, minimal shapes. (2001) I like to have two or three things going at once. That’s the concept called double or triple exposure. The visual equivalent is that every time you do a dissolve on film, there’s a point where it’s a double exposure, two images, one on top of the other. Sometimes they’re beautiful and sometimes they’re not. You plan a dissolve to be as beautiful as possible. When you do double exposures, sometimes you get happy accidents. (1990) 70 You’ll be able to do amazing things but that’s also very expensive. An effect I’m interested in is to be able to choose my own lens. If you’re using a wide angle, normally everything is distorted on the edge of the frame due to the “fish eye” effect. With the digital technology you can restore everything. You’d be able to put a tiny little camera on the top of the nose and the most bizarre angles and lights would still be in perfect focus. You can go digitally to unsuspected places. That’s unbelievable! (1997) One time I used some hair remover to remove all the fur from a mouse to see what it looked like and it looked beautiful. (1996) I just love electricity. I like smoke and fire and electricity, these things are mesmerising. You could watch a thing sparking and arcing for hours, and it makes such a beautiful sound. And it’s also a disturbance. (2007) 71 David Lynch To my mind, most tables are too big and they’re too high. They shrink the size of the room and eat into space and cause unpleasant mental activity. (1997) I’ve always been interested in industrial structures and materials. Plastic has a place and it’s really a cool thing. But it’s two or three steps removed from something that’s organic. So, wood talks to you and you can relate to it. It’s such a pleasant material and so user-friendly, really. There’re so many different types of wood - quite amazing. Wood is more than just a material. (1997) It would be wrong to invent a scene just to shock somebody. Every piece has to live inside the film, it has to make sense. (1997) David Lynch Lloyd Wright designed the house that I live in, the Beverly Johnson House, in the Sixties. Lloyd Wright’s son, Eric Wright, supervised the building work for his father: 25 years later, Eric designed a pool and a pool house on the property in the spirit of his father’s work. (1997) One of the reasons I prefer painting in black and white, or almost in black and white, is that if you have some shadow or darkness in the frame, then your mind can travel in there and dream. In general, colour is a little too real. It’s too close. It doesn’t make you dream much. If everything is visible, and there’s too much light, the thing is what it is, but it isn’t any more than that. (1993) I always go by ideas. The idea for the red room in Twin Peaks just popped into my head. The floor has the same pattern as the floor in the lobby of Henry (Spencer’s apartment in Eraserhead). I liked that pattern. (1997) I love two-lane highways. They say something about the way things used to be, and about areas that don’t have a lot of people. On those two-lanes at night you get the sense of moving into the unknown, and that’s as thrilling a sense as human beings can have. (1997) Architecture or space is all around us. But capturing space in a really pleasing way is an art form in its own right. And there’re very few people who can do it... Most houses, generally speaking, and especially the modern US approach, more or less destroy something inside... They’re devoid of design. I think they suck happiness away from people, and it’s really hard to live in those kinds of places. (1997) Industry! In photography, it often seems to me, that all you need is just a word. It could be as simple as the word “industrial”, and that just fires you up to go to different places to see what industry is giving you. Then it’s about the way the light goes, the shapes, the decay. These big, beautiful things and how they are being eaten by nature. That’s just incredible, beautiful, unreal. (2007) 72 73 David Lynch I’m totally embracing the digital world in sound and picture, and I just can’t believe how much control and how many tools are available to us. It’s really beautiful. (2006) Style comes out of ideas. Sound, pace and locations come out of ideas. Characters, everything comes out of ideas. Never go against the ideas, stay true to them. And it will always tell you the way you go. (2001) I never end up with what I set out to do. Whether it’s a film or a painting, I always start with a script, but I don’t ever follow it all the way through to the end. A lot more happens when you open yourself up to the work and let yourself act and react to it. Every work ‘talks’ to you, and if you listen to it, it will take you places you never dreamed of. It’s this interaction that makes the work richer. (1993) Every film is like going into a new world, going into the unknown. But you should be not afraid of using your intuition, and feel and think your way through. (2006) What I’m trying to do with each canvas is create a situation in which the paint can be itself, which means letting go of any rationalization. It’s important to let ideas blossom without too much judging or interference. The beauty of children is their ability to look at the world openly, without being bound by the intellect. Your intellect can hold back so many wonderful, fantastic things. Without logic or reason, there’s always something else, something unseen. 74 David Lynch The world is infinite rather than finite. (1993) I hate slick and pretty things. I prefer mistakes and accidents. Which is why I like things like cuts and bruises – they’re like little flowers. I’ve always said that if you have a name for something, like ‘cut’ or ‘bruise,’ people will automatically be disturbed by it. But when you see the same thing in nature, and you don’t know what it is, it can be very beautiful. (1993) Different cultures produce certain things for one reason or another. But a great design is recognized everywhere. (1997) German design is usually very pure, and sparse, and solid and functional. And those are exactly the features I like. (1997) No. There’s no compromise possible. You keep looking until you find the place that will work for the story. And that holds for the objects, too. Many places are painted or rearranged, new furniture is brought in. You can’t make compromises. Compromises kill the film. (1997) 75 David Lynch David Lynch Angels, Demons and Dream Interpretation Whenever someone lights a match in a David Lynch movie, the flame whooshes close to your face like a blowtorch. Stuff burns in his picture – cigarettes, houses, people – and it burns big. This is not pyromania, it’s pyrophilia: Lynch never merely walks with fire, as the title of one of his movies suggests. He makes love to it. (Jan Stuart, Newsday, 1997) There is a logic in each of my films, but what is important is your own logic. (2007) Laura Dern as Lula in Wild At Heart 76 77 David Lynch On Eraserhead, 1977: One time I saw Eraserhead fairly soon after I finished it, but I saw it with friends in the middle of the day and I was relaxed, and I just clicked in and I went on this trip and I think I saw it the way someone who wasn’t involved with the film would see it, and I just loved it. I’ve seen Blue Velvet in a similar situation, and I just loved watching the picture. And I don’t understand why people wouldn’t just love watching this film. It has so many kinds of textures, and it takes you into a place where so many things happen – to me, it falls into a real fantasy picture, a daydream I love to go on. (1986) On Blue Velvet, 1986: I started to get ideas for it in 1973 but it was all very vague. I only had a feeling and a title. Then, when I finished The Elephant Man, I met Richard Roth, the producer of Julia. We had coffee and he told me had read my script for Ronnie Rocket. He had liked it but, truly, he said, it wasn’t his cup of tea. He asked me if I had any other scripts. I said I had only ideas. I told him I had always wanted to sneak into a girl’s room to watch her into the night and that, maybe, at one point or another; I would see something that would be the clue to a murder mystery. Roth loved the idea and asked me to write a treatment. I went home and thought of the ear in the field. (1987) On Wild At Heart,1990: It was an awful tough world and there was something about Sailor being a rebel. But a rebel with a dream of the Wizard of Oz is kinda like a beautiful thing. And the characters of Sailor and Lula having this dream between them was pleasing. (1990) 78 David Lynch It’s a love story where people start off being in love, which is kind of unusual. In a wild modern world, it’s an indication of how it’s cool to be in love. And Lula and Sailor have the perfect take on sex in the middle of a solid relationship. They are, like, so innocent and yet completely wild at the same time. It’s like looking into the Garden of Eden before things went bad. (1990) On Lost Highway, 1997: You can say that a lot of Lost Highway is internal. It’s Fred’s story. It’s not a dream: It’s realistic, though according to Fred’s logic. But I don’t want to say too much. The reason is: I love mysteries. To fall into a mystery and its danger... everything becomes so intense in those moments. (1997) It’s just a story, a story about these particular characters. It’s not a generalized thing for humanity. But you know, sometimes you get into a thing where it lets you dream. A waking dream... I would love to be in that state all day long, but you have to have some quiet. The world is getting louder every year, but to sit and dream is a beautiful thing. (1997) On Inland Empire, 2006: I want people to feel, to intuit their way through the movie. See, some stories are surface stories, they happen up here... and that’s great. That’s fine. Those are good movies too... But other stories... they dive within. (2007) 79 David Lynch David Lynch Waking dreams are the ones that are important, the ones that come when I’m quietly sitting in a chair, gently letting my mind wander. When you sleep, you don’t control your dream. I like to dive into a dream world that I’ve made or discovered; a world I choose. (1997) When it comes down to explaining things, I stop. With most films, there is no problem understanding them, there’s no room to dream or to find your own interpretation, and I don’t want my thing to get in the way of anybody else’s idea. (1997) Number one, I don’t like to talk about a meaning – it’s my understanding and it shouldn’t be anybody else’s. (2007) I’m interested in some of the strange moods that they instil in me. I’ve had some strange feelings in dreams. (1990) There’s a dark side to everyone. Inside all of us, I feel we understand, to a certain degree, darkness and light. The dark side is not a positive thing. Maybe it’s not even negative. It’s just a contrast that helps you appreciate the lighter stuff. In a film, a song or anything, you have to have contrasts. You have to have low notes to appreciate a high note. Characters have to get into trouble and you have to hope that they get out. Just like human beings, we’re all in this confusing, dark, strange world. And we’re kind of rooting for each other. (1990) Violence is a natural element of our world. There’s no paradise without hell. If you were to choose between the two, hell wouldn’t be even the worse choice. (1990) My line is at a certain place, and it may be further away than some people seeing the film. (1997) I almost never remember my dreams. But the idea of the dream and the way dreams work fascinates me. The way a dream is a story, with the structure of a story. I keep more the sensation of dreams. The best for me is to combine the surface of a simple story with the sensation of a dream, with the abstractions possible in a dream. (2002) I open doors that would otherwise keep being locked. (1997) I’ve been frightened a lot. And frightened by some ideas. But when you make a film you’re inside it, you’re seeing it from many different angles. Everybody has a line they won’t cross over. (1997) I feel like I live inside fear and darkness and confusion... But there’s another whole thing that I feel, too. That’s that there are many positive things. (1997) But like the best, most seductive, even the most terrifying of dreams, it’s sometimes hard to stop them heading over the edge. (1997) 80 81 David Lynch You know there’s, ah, all sorts of symbols of beautiful transformations, like the cocoon into the butterfly. So it makes you wonder, you know, what is this transformation we’re going through? (1997) David Lynch There are many things I think that are out there that we don’t know about, but sometimes, you know, you get certain feelings about. (1999) There are a lot of things like that. Things we sense, but can’t prove. (1997) Waking dreams are the ones that are important, the ones that come when I’m quietly sitting in a chair, gently letting my mind wander. When you sleep, you don’t control your dream. I like to dive into a dream world that I’ve made or discovered; a world I choose. (1997) Making a film is a beautiful mystery. You go deep into the wood, and you don’t want to come out of that wood, but the time is coming very soon when I will have to. (2005) There’s such a magic to just the word ‘sequence’, I’m not kidding ya. There’s something about the word ‘sequence’, it’s what I’m fixated on now. And it’s just the whole power of everything. (2001) I go nuts in a film where I have room to dream... In a good way... I love that. Like when a person stands in front of an abstract painting. Something starts happening. And this circle starts going from the viewer to the painting, from the painting to the viewer, and it goes like that, and a whole bunch of stuff starts to happen inside the person. Based on... triggered by what they are seeing. And that triggers all kinds of things going on... so the view-er has an experience unlike the next view-er! See, all the frames in a movie are EXACTLY the same. I mean, there are subtle differences in the projector, and the sound system, stuff like that... But it’s the view-er... It’s the view-er that makes the difference! And there’s something to that. (2007) I’ve said this a million times: when the lights go out and the curtain rises, something really cosmic takes places, and you enter into a World which exists within. We have to lose ourselves in this world, to prove it has depth. I adore the moments when cinema expresses these types of things that cannot be otherwise expressed. It is magical but it is based on the real ideas. (2007) When most mysteries are solved, I feel tremendously let down. (1997) 82 83 David Lynch David Lynch American Gothic Home... It’s a place where things can go wrong. (1992) On Eraserhead, 1977: I’m still learning so much about myself from Eraserhead that it’s frightening. Eraserhead is so beneath the surface I didn’t understand it. I felt it was honest, so it could be understood at different levels, but I was only understanding at level four, and now maybe I’m at level six, and it scares the hell out of me, because it’s so much of a thing that’s personal to me. I think if you’re really allowed to be honest with the thing, then it could be understood little by little at different levels and still hold true. I think that life is like that, that you can work it down lower and lower and lower and it will always make some kind of fantastic sense. (1986) Patricia Arquette and Balthazar Getty in Lost Highway 84 85 David Lynch On Blue Velvet, 1986: It’s not a genre film in my mind. It’s Blue Velvet. (1986) I love Lumberton. It’s almost like Eraserhead country. It’s different, but a small American town like that is inspiring to me. There are fantastic characters and many things happening under the surface that we don’t know about. (1986) Norman Rockwell meets Hieronymus Bosch. (1987) On Wild At Heart, 1990: Something about Barry’s book thrilled me enough to want to spend a year living in this little world. The book is very different from the film, but it had these two characters, Sailor and Lula, who had this kind of inner strength which carried them through adversity. I realized I could take them through hell and they’d still come out of things OK. (1990) I see Sailor and Lula as innocents, but then I see most people as innocents. We live in a dark, confusing world, and we’re all trying to get it together and make sense of it. There are various degrees of innocence, for sure, but I think most people are kinda confused these days, which is kinda scary. Don ́tcha think? (1990) In Wild at Heart I wanted this wild, violent, twisted world, and I wanted this love story bang in the middle of it...They’re really in love with one another, and they treat each other extremely well. Sailor doesn’t even talk down to Lula, but treats her as an equal, and that is a modern relationship. They live in a world that’s pretty tough, but they’re very tender with each other. (1990) 86 David Lynch Creating a place is super important. Like Sunset Boulevard, for instance, which is one of my favourite films. I want to be there in that house. I can drive up Sunset Boulevard even now, and I say, If only I could turn off and go to that house, and I just can’t believe that I can’t do it. That’s why I love looking at that film over and over. I don’t care about the story or even about knowing it – I love to experience that place. (1987) I don’t like mysteries that involve the government and foreign countries, and things like that. I like closer-to-home mysteries. Like Rear Window, that’s my cup of tea. (2001) My most personal impressions date back to the fifties. I listened to music excessively. Rock ‘n’ roll dominated the minds of the people, especially the younger ones. At that time, completely crazy automobiles, almost pieces of art were built, which weren’t shaped for aerodynamical considerations. I have all these memories of that time inside me. (1990) I’m convinced we all are voyeurs. It’s part of the detective thing. We want to know secrets and we want to know what goes on behind those windows. (1997) I’m not sure that children today have that same space and feel... And what is real for me now is probably mixed in with the passing of time. It’s like jazz, and it doesn’t really matter, it’s all, you know, pretty nice. (1997) 87 David Lynch David Lynch So I like building things out of wood, I like chainsawing, I like the smell of the wood, I like the look of a tree, particularly my father’s favourite tree was the Ponderosa Pine. The wood is... everything all the fairy tales made you feel. (1997) It’s true, my mother refused to give me colouring books as a child. She probably saved me, ‘cause when you think about it, what a colouring book does is completely kill creativity. (1997) In the 1950s, everything had a very beautiful façade. There was optimism in the air and a feeling of moving forward in a good way. (2007) ..looking back, we realise that all the sicknesses and perversions, distortions, all these things were there. They were just covered over. No one talked about them; no one looked, really. (2007) My childhood was elegant homes, tree-lined streets, the milkman, building backyard fires, droning airplanes, blue skies, ticket fences, green grass, cherry trees. Middle America as it’s supposed to be. (2006) It was a feeling in the air that anything was possible. (2006) But on the cherry tree there’s this pitch oozing out – some black, some yellow, and millions of red ants crawling all over it. I discovered that if one looks a little closer at this beautiful world, there are always red ants underneath. (2006) Look under any rock, peek behind any curtain, hide in any closet: should you glimpse the possible key to a disturbing, dangerous yet delicious mystery, lurking just beneath the shiny normality, you’ll feel at home. In an unheimlich sort of way. (1996) When I was a child home seemed claustrophobic to me but that wasn’t because I had a bad family. A home is like a nest – it’s only useful for so long and then you can’t (wait) to get out. (1992) The ‘50s was a time when people seemed to be going crazy with design. And the cars were just incredible. I mean, you look at them, and it’s like you start to fall in love. (2006) But I love the idea of identity trouble. You never know in advance what you’re going to get. (1997) My father was a woodsman, yes. And wood has played a huge role in my life. (1997) 88 89 David Lynch David Lynch It was a feeling in the air that anything was possible. People were enthusiastically inventing things that thrilled them. And there was happiness in the air. There was plenty going on beneath the surface, but it wasn’t as dark a time because there was that other thing going along with it. The ‘50s was a time when people seemed to be going crazy with design. And the cars were just incredible. I mean, you look at them, and it’s like you start to fall in love. That changed, you know, in the ‘60s and ‘70s. The cars were pitiful. I mean pitiful. It made you ashamed. You’d wanna hang your head and go in a corner. It was sickening. (2006) The fifties are just about it for me... From the twenties up to 1958, or maybe 1963, are my favourite years. Anything that happens in there I would find moods that I would just totally love. (1996) I like the architectures of the ‘30s, factories, old gas stations. New gas stations are too real but a good old gas station is just a beautiful thing, partly because it represents a time that’s lost. I see an old gas station and my mind goes out behind it and sees little scenes happening. Then I go into the woods beyond the station and my mind sees things that couldn’t happen now. It’s mysterious and it’s another world and there are romances back in there that wouldn’t be like now. (1982) It happens often: You’re in some place and you’re having a good time and someone says something that suddenly introduces a horror. Or you see a bit of pistol in their pocket, and it changes everything. You think things are one way, and then something happens and you see that they’re another way, and you have to deal with it. Those things I really like. (2005) Incest is troubling to a lot of people because they’re probably, you know, doing it at home! And it’s not a pleasant thing, you know. Laura [Palmer]’s one of many people. It’s her take on that. That’s what it [Twin Peaks] was all about: the loneliness, shame, guilt, confusion and devastation of the victim of incest. It also dealt with the torment of the father, the war in him. (2005) I remember the fifties on the surface as very idyllic. But there’s always a sense of other things. The fifties were a beautiful time, in many senses: the birth of rock ‘n’ roll, the cars, a certain optimism and free dom. It seemed like time was moving slower. There was a hopeful quality to things. (1997) 90 91 David Lynch David Lynch Lynch on the set of Mulholland Drive with Naomi Watts 92 93 David Lynch David Lynch Lynch vs. Hollywood In France... the director, or the painter or the sculptor has their own keys to freedom of expression. They do want they want to do. In Hollywood, the director is often a second class citizen. (2001) Where there’s compromise, to me, is in a studio situation. And I don’t really know about it too much. (1997) ...more and more there’s not just one person at the head of the studio that can make the decision. There are, like, committees of people, and if I ever had to go through a committee, I would be in big trouble, because they all want to understand the picture and I don’t want to explain in words and not only don’t want to, but I can’t sometimes, you know what I mean? (1997) Grace Zabriskie in Inland Empire 94 95 David Lynch On Eraserhead, 1977: The Rocky Horror Show is keeping Eraserhead out in a lot of places, people are making so much money on it, you know, they don’t want to drop it. Money’s what it’s all about... (1978) On Dune, 1984: It was on Dune, where I knew I was selling out, and then still you get a bad review, that’s dying two times. (2007) On Lost Highway, 1997: I felt this black cloud roll in. It lasted for over two years, and I knew the thing was there, and I watched, and sure enough..., I thought I was being true to myself – but the reactions were colored by this cloud. (1999) On Mulholland Drive, 2001: What I want to say is that there is a tradition in Hollywood of cowboy actors. It is a species that is beginning to die out, but it’s still there. They are part of a very particular group, they live their own lives, they don’t swim in the same water as other actors. That in this city with a reputation for its street gangs, there are still cowboys, and that has always piqued my imagination... He’s Monty Montgomery. He’s been a friend of mine for a long time now and I asked him to play the cowboy. He wore his own clothes. He collects a lot of this type of thing. The hat that he wears actually belonged to Tom Mix. Monty was the producer on Wild At Heart. It was him who suggested to me that I read the book in the first place. He wanted to make a film of it. (2001) 96 David Lynch On Inland Empire, 2006: I love L.A. I love the golden age of cinema, I love so many things about this town, and I also fell in love with Lodz, Poland. (2007) During the course of a conversation Laura was talking to me about her husband [musician Ben Harper], pointing out that he originally came from The Inland Empire [a suburb outside of Los Angeles]. Something in my spirit went crazy, and I said that we had the title. Some time later, my brother had been tidying out the basement of my parents place in Montana. Behind a cupboard, he found a scrapbook of mine that I’d had when I was five years old and he sent it to me. When I opened it, the first image was an aerial view of Spokane in Washington State, where I was living at the time. The caption read: “Inland Empire”. That was a confirmation that I was headed in a good direction. (2007) I’m not within the Hollywood system. I’ve never made a studio picture. I live in Hollywood and I love Hollywood. But there is no such thing as the Hollywood system. It’s always changing. And I’m surprised that I’ve been so fortunate, that I keep getting to make films. But I’m not part of the system. (2001) 97 David Lynch In Hollywood, if you can’t write your ideas down, or if you can’t pitch them, or if they’re so abstract they can’t be pitched properly, then they don’t have a chance of surviving. (2005) A film will live throughout time, and a lot of these false things are done for today’s audience right now to make money, and they don’t hold up. If you’re true to the idea, then it will hold up. (2006) Little by little places start talking to you, ideas come from different experiences, they pop into your conscious mind and you’re rolling. Even if in the beginning you don’t know where you’re rolling, all that stuff, if you focus on it, will be revealed. (2006) ...a sense of place is so critical to a film. Like Billy Wilder in Sunset Boulevard – such a sense of place. Billy Wilder in The Apartment – just loved to go back to that world because of the place he creates and the characters. A sense of place with all the great ones: it’s little details, its mood, it’s the place, and the characters, of course. (2006) I always thought the real film-lovers were in Europe. But there’s a huge, huge bunch in the States, who are just longing for an alternative to what comes out of Hollywood, more and more and more. So that’s a very uplifting feeling. (2007) 98 David Lynch I really believe that even if you just have a little bit of money there are ways to get into film and make it work without a compromise. It may take a long, long, long time, like in Eraserhead. We didn’t have the money but we had the time. (1997) Well, The Elephant Man was a pretty successful picture. But it was, you know, based on a true story. It was further away from what you say, a personal film, although I felt very personal about it and I got into that world, and I feel I didn’t compromise. Dune was the only film I’ve made that was a failure to me. (1997) I’ve learned that the major studios don’t want to make movies with me – and I don’t know why that is. I think they respect me, but when it comes down to it, they don’t want to take a chance because I could ruin things for them. (2006) Hollywood is a fragile place and heads roll easily here. As to how all this has affected me, you just learn what your lot in life is, and I think my lot in life is to be true to your school, like the Beach Boys said. And, really, my lot in life is pretty great. I have faith that I can make the pictures I wanna make and have them near the main centre but still be different in ways that are important to me. (2006) 99 David Lynch David Lynch What counts in Hollywood is money and my films don’t earn much. I am aware of it, so I produce the films I’d love to make independently, that allow me to tell about the unknown and the mystery. And for this reason I have to have final cut, the control over the final editing, another blasphemy for show business. (1997) The minute I saw that magazine, (Time) I knew it was over, and at that point a dark cloud began to form over me. I wasn’t unhappy during that period, because there’s a freedom that comes when you’re down – you’ve taken the beating, things aren’t gonna get any worse, and it’s all just part of the cycle. It’s no fun, though. (1999) I feel that Hollywood has been behind me since The Elephant Man. Dune didn’t kill me; it just kind of kept things the same. I’m not really a “hot” director; I’m hot with quite a few qualifications. If Blue Velvet were making $100 million at the box office, then it’d be hard to keep the door shut. These days you need to make a pile of money, before people will take a second look. You need quite a stack, actually, before you’re really smoking. (1987) There is no second place in the world living so much from its own myth. This town is full of dreams; it’s just perfect for a day dreamer like me. Besides I like the light in Hollywood, mostly at night. Of course this town has its dark sides too, but I tend to see only the light. (1997) What I like about Los Angeles is that there are street names that have an unbelievable meaning. Like when someone says in the film: “I live near the observatory,” every film buff knows right away that it can be only the observatory where Nicholas Ray filmed in 1955 the famous scene with James Dean. (1997) My big success is over, and it’s no longer interfering with my life the way it was in 1990, when I was on the cover of Time magazine. (1999) 100 Whether they want to make my movies or not – I think they find me quite okay... (1997) I love LA for the light and the feeling of creative freedom. There’s smog, but it’s not a stifling atmosphere. There are plenty of problems, but it must have to do with the light. It’s not always a euphoric feeling, but a feeling that anything goes. The city is crazy and always changing. (2001) I love Los Angeles. People try to find a place that speaks to them, and that’s for me, that’s L.A. (2005) Where there’s compromise, to me, is in a studio situation. And I don’t really know about it too much... Maybe if I could write a poem to them, but it wouldn’t work anyway. (1997) 101 David Lynch David Lynch It doesn’t matter if it’s an easy question to answer. I love the light. I love the feeling in the air that I sometimes catch of old Hollywood. And I love the feeling in the air of L.A., of we can do anything. It’s a creative feeling in L.A. It’s not stifling to me, and it’s not oppressive. It’s a feeling of freedom. And maybe it comes from the light. I don’t know; it’s something in the air. (2001) But it’s not like I set out to put a cool coat around violence. I always start with ideas and these ideas need a certain form as soon as they’re put on film. That’s got nothing to do with a wave or a trend. My films play in their very own world. I don’t know what other directors learn from them. And I really don’t care. (1997) You can feel it when you’re on the outside. You can feel it, walking into a restaurant – if things are happening for you or not happening. Everybody in this town knows what that feeling is. And everybody in this town knows that when you’re on top it’s not going to be for ever. It’s almost like a curse. (2006) I love Hollywood. I live there. It’s the place of dreams, I feel free and sometimes you can breathe the air at once. Actually, I think that Hollywood loves me too. (1997) I live in Hollywood, but I don’t hang out with industry people. And I haven’t made a studio film. I’ve never made a studio film. Dune was between Dino de Laurentiis and Universal, and The Elephant Man was sort of between Paramount, EMI and Mel Brooks, although Brooks’ company was the one who did it. And Dino really did produce Dune. (2006) That initial burst of success is like a huge flame, and if you’re lucky, it shrinks down and becomes a hand warmer that stays warm for a long time. (1999) I love Hollywood. (2001) Well, the art houses have got to come back. It’s tough going right now. But things go in waves... I’m not kiddin’ you! Hollywood, the blockbuster mentality, has gone around the world killing the art houses, alternative cinema. But it is alive, that cinema! It’s everywhere now, but it’s hard to see it in the theaters in America. It’s hard to see it in the theaters in Europe! So I’m hopeful that this change can occur again, like we saw in the ‘60s. It would be cool. (2006) Well, I don’t know, I think that a lot of people are able to get what they want and the one way to get what you want is to have had a hit film. (1997) 102 103 David Lynch David Lynch Directing Laura Dern in Wild At Heart 104 105 David Lynch David Lynch Transcendental Meditation I thought when I started meditation that I was going to get real calm and peaceful and it’s going to be over. It’s not that way, it’s so energetic. That’s where all the energy and creativity is. Everything that is a thing has emerged out of this field. So it’s tremendous creativity. And you don’t lose your edge, you get more, stronger feelings for something and it can be magnified. And you don’t get sleepy and laidback in this kind of flat-line peace. It’s a dynamic peace. It’s very powerful; it’s where all the power is. (2007) I have been meditating since 1973, since during the making of Eraserhead. Lynch on the Catching The Big Fish lecture tour 106 107 David Lynch David Lynch I meditate every day, and I have for 32 years. And it’s a long topic, but there’s a thing called consciousness, and though consciousness is pretty abstract, it is also the ability to understand. It’s awareness, it’s wakefulness and it’s bliss. Extreme happiness. It’s intelligence, creativity, love and peace... The ocean of pure consciousness is an ocean of all-knowingness. Think about it. It’s the home of total knowledge, and it’s right there. Modern science calls it the unified field. And now modern science like Vedic science says that every thing that is a thing emerges from this field, which is unmanifest, yet manifestation comes from it. So the unmanifest unified field of pure consciousness gives rise to every single thing that is a thing. Think about the intelligence that’s there and the creativity that’s always been there and you can dip into that. Now you start growing in intuition in an ocean of solutions, so you can see your way into making a thing feel correct. Like I keep saying, it’s money in the bank! (2006) Well, you know, I’m a meditator, and the idea of that is to expand consciousness by clearing the machines of consciousness, which is the nervous system, and the greater the consciousness, you know... I think in the analogy of fishing, the deeper your hook can go to catch the bigger ideas. And it’s very important to get down in there. Sitting comfortably, in a chair, drifting off, not trying to manipulate what’s in front of you, sometimes you can drop into a beautiful area or bounce up to higher whichever way you want to see it into a beautiful area and catch ideas. (1997) I meditate in the morning and in the evening, for half an hour each time. I don’t know what my life would be without meditation and I never have missed one session anywhere. I’ve meditated every day for the past 23 years. It cleans the nervous system, which is the instrument of consciousness. Little by little, a person becomes a hair more aware of what’s going on. The bad things that happen don’t hit you so hard and you’re not overpowered by success. Success can be even more dangerous than failure. (1997) 108 Every single day on Wild at Heart something jumped to a whole other level, because you get so many people together tuning into the thing, everybody’s senses are heightened, and you see things and feel things and you get ideas. And the ideas are likely to be right for the film because you’re all right there where you’re supposed to be. So all you have to do is be ready and keep your eyes open when these happy accidents occur and they can take the film who knows where. (1990) It’s amazing how isolated you become in the film business. I don’t know anything about it. When you’re in the middle of a movie, you just can’t go out and see other people - it ruins your concentration. Especially for me, because I immerse myself in my own little world, one in which I’m completely happy. (1990) 109 David Lynch David Lynch It had an effect right away, and that right-away effect was this anger lifted away from me. I knew I had this anger, and I’d take it out on my first wife. Two weeks after I started meditating, she came to me and said, “What’s going on?” And I said, “What are you talking about?” And she said, “This anger – where did it go?” And I honestly didn’t know that it had lifted. But she knew it had lifted. It just went away. I had anxieties and fears and this anger, and those negative things started lifting. And I started enjoying life. It sounds strange, but I started appreciating things more and enjoying the doing of things more. (2007) The analogy is fishing. The little fish are on the surface. Then you go deeper, and they get bigger and bigger down there. Big fish, big ideas. (2006) Evolution is a very small incline plane. So if you wanna speed that up, you wanna meditate. All roads lead to Rome. But some are dirt roads, some are twolane highways, and one is the superhighway. (2003) A project sometimes has a time and if you don’t move during its time it may be gone, but there’s another saying ‘never say never’, so I don’t know what will happen to either one of those. I still love them but I don’t know that they’ll get made. (2006) It’s the only experience – transcending, experiencing this deepest level – that lights the full brain on the EEG machine. (2006) For business, you need ideas. If your consciousness starts expanding, you’ve got a better chance of catching more ideas, bigger ideas. 110 When you have a note, and another detuned note buzzes against it, there’s something in between those two notes that’s the magical area. It’s a balance. And I think since we live in a world of dualities – hot and cold, high and low, the whole thing – that any balancing point is very special. It’s not an intellectual thing, it’s an intuitive thing. (1997) It’s a strange thing, ideas. They’re not there, and then they’re not there again, and then suddenly they’re there. And it’s a magical and beautiful thing when they do come. And then the next thing you know, there are some ideas you don’t like. So those are discarded or saved until they find their place. When you fall in love with ideas, that’s pretty close to euphoria. They’re more like little gifts or something. Sometimes strange, twisted little gifts! (1997) It’s so beautiful for working on projects. It’s a field of knowingness – you enliven that and you get this kind of intuitive thing going. It’s so beautiful for the arts, for any walk of life. In Vedic science, this field is called Atma, the self and there’s a line, “Know thyself.” In the Bible they say, “First seek the kingdom of heaven which lies within and all else will be added unto you.” You dive within, you experience this, you unfold it and you’re unfolding totality. 111 David Lynch The human has this potential and they have names for this potential: enlightenment, liberation, salvation, fulfilment – huge potential for the human being. And we don’t need to suffer. You enliven this thing and you realise that bliss is our nature. We’re like happy campers, flowing with ideas. We’re like little dogs with tails wagging. It’s not a goofball thing; it’s a beautiful full thing, really, really great. (2007) Mulholland Drive... It was built for an open-ended TV pilot. ABC hated it. So I got the opportunity to make it into a feature. Now an open-ended pilot needed to be closed suddenly. I sat down to meditate one night, and literally, like a string of pearls, all the ideas came. Normally, you meditate, and then you think after meditation. But this just happened to zip up, and I wrote those bad boys down as soon as I finished meditating, and that was it. (2007) The more you have, the more easily the rest swim in. It’s like there’s more bait. And then one day, it’s complete in script form. Then you go out and make the film, being true to those ideas. Now some other fish can swim in. You never turn down a good idea, or a good fish, but you don’t want to take a bad idea, or a bad fish. So you go back and see how everything is progressing based on those original ideas. And if new ideas come in, you see if they really and truly marry to what has gone before. (2006) 112 David Lynch There’s emotion and intellect, and then there’s intuition, which is kind of emotion and intellect together. In business, you might not be able to explain an intuitive feeling to others, but you say, “I know that is the right way to go for me. I know that feels right. That is intuitively right.” And you go that way. And maybe everybody else is telling you you’re crazy, but you’ve got to take a risk. (2007) See, I love ideas, and ideas are thoughts, right? So the source of all thought is the unified field, the absolute. It’s pure consciousness. And the whole process of these thoughts rising out is the principle of TM. (2003) I was just a regular meditator for a long while, making films and paintings... In this town, people hate you. People would really like to kill you and they’ll do it many ways. They’ll threaten you. Put that pressure on you. It happens to everybody in this business, and every business. If I ran my set on fear, I wouldn’t get 1 percent of what I could. Fear in the workplace. A macho cool thing. They’re total idiots. Fearful. There’s no joy. Zip. Fear turns to hate. Hate turns to anger. You want to kill your boss. Going to go the extra mile? No, you want to kill him. This is what Maharishi talks about. Don’t worry about the darkness. Walk toward the light. Turn on the light. (2005) 113 David Lynch David Lynch Kyle MacLachlan and Dennis Hopper in Blue Velvet 114 115 David Lynch David Lynch Team Lynch and co. Kubrick’s one of the all-time greats. Almost every one of his films is in my top ten. (1997) In my films, actors aren’t reduced to single notes, they have complete scores. (1984) On Jack Nance: It’s horrible, now that he’s gone, I would have loved to have a coffee with him every day. It was always a pleasure with him: Jack was the greatest storyteller that I ever met. He had an inimitable way to tell these always strange, unbelievable stories... except that with him, we believed them. (1997) David Lynch and Harry Dean Stanton on the set of Wild At Heart 116 117 David Lynch David Lynch Jack Nance was a storyteller, but his stories took a long time to tell. And many people would think he was finished before he was finished and interrupt. And Jack would never let on that he had more to say. And I always thought it was very sad because his stories were so great. The world was just a little too fast for him. (1997) Catherine Coulson (Nance’s ex-wife), who plays the Log Lady, worked on Eraserhead for six years. And I always wanted to do a whole show about this woman and her log. It was gonna be called I’ll Test My Log With Every Branch Of Knowledge. And Somehow, the Log Lady sneaked into the Twin Peaks pilot. (1991) He was one of my best friends, Jack had a quality... it’s hard to put into words, but in my mind, Jack was a real Kafka character, Gregor Samsa, which means to me: He understands trouble. (1997) On The Elephant Man, 1980: You wake up in the morning, and you say to yourself, “Well, today’s the day I’m going to direct Sir John Gielgud.” Your brains are scrambled. You’re trying to get it together and get your pants on. It’s mind-boggling. But at the same time, these guys are just regular human beings, like the Elephant Man. And I didn’t have a lot of directing to do. Somebody like Sir John will give you what you want. All you have to do is ask. They’re all so good that you’re nit-picking when you say things. After we were finished, Sir John wrote me a letter. He said, “You never really told me how I did.” That’s so touching. Here he is, one of the world’s all-time greats, and he wants to know how he did. (1980) He’s trying to do the right thing, but he’s also sensing the darkness and confusion of the world. That was pretty much Jack. (1997) He really had a pretty rough life, and it was rougher because he was a thinking person. Sometimes when you don’t worry so much about stuff, you’re actually kinder to yourself. (1997) Jack Nance is one of a kind, but everybody is one of a kind. But Jack, I would underline that. Jack is not motivated, that really is one of his only flaws. He has no motivation. (1990) “Jack is David’s lucky charm,” says Johanna Ray. “We went through a lot in Wild at Heart (because of a scheduling conflict) to get Jack into the film”. 118 On Twin Peaks: I envisioned this broken China doll, all bloody, and ranting and raving - and it was you. (to Sherilyn Fenn, casting for Twin Peaks) Kyle is a good guy, and I wouldn’t like to say anything about that. Kyle’s my neighbour, he’s a really great person, but, you know, when you’re in a TV show, the first year is golden, and the second year, things get strange, and Twin Peaks was no exception. (On Kyle MacLachlan, 2001) 119 David Lynch On Lost Highway, 1997: Patricia Arquette is the greatest young actress around in the world. She has got the stuff, there’s nothing that she couldn’t do. She’s super-intelligent, she’s beautiful, she understands human behaviour and she’s courageous. When I was working on the editing, we kept seeing Patricia. Her performance was getting better and better. The more I watched, I started seeing the subtlest things and it was absolutely beautiful. (2003) On The Straight Story, 1999: Jack Fisk is my best friend. We met in the ninth grade in Virginia. And we’ve been friends ever since. We were the only two in our school, with a graduating class of 750, who went to art school. Jack met Sissy (Spacek) when they were doing Badlands in ‘72 or ‘73; he brought Sissy to the stables I was setting up, when I was starting to make Eraserhead. I have always thought Sissy was one of the greatest actresses; but it never happened that I was working on a film where a part was right for her, until this. And I was so thankful; I just wouldn’t have wanted anyone else. (1999) Richard was born to play this role, He’s got a quality that’s so strong, and he makes every word and glance seem real. He has innocence, and that is a gift... Alvin is an old guy, but he’s a total rebel – he’s like James Dean, except he’s old. He’s also like a million other old guys. The body gets old, but inside we feel ageless, because the self we talk to doesn’t have an age. (On Richard Farnsworth, 1999) Harry Dean (Stanton) has only one scene – and what a scene! But Richard Farnsworth is in practically every scene. We’re so lucky Richard is in the picture. Such a beautiful 120 David Lynch soul comes through in every look... The script is rural, it’s John Ford territory, and it’s about a guy John Ford would have really liked. Farnsworth worked with Ford. (1999) Yes, Harry I’ve worked with many times now. Harry asked his name not be in the front credits, for kind of an obvious reason, so it’s hard to talk about his role, but he’s a guy that has in a way, like Richard, (Farnsworth) so much heart and soul, and he can deliver the goods. (2000) “You get a very old DP,” piped in legendary cinematographer (and horror director) Freddie Francis, who shot Moby Dick (1956) for John Huston and such British classics as Room at the Top (1959) and Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960). “I said to David that I’m very old, that I’m 80, and I don’t want to work 17 hours a day. David said, ‘How many hours will you work?’ I said, ‘Ten hours.’ And we finished two days ahead. There’s a story in there somewhere.” (1999) “Freddie is a very fast director of photography,” said Lynch, who also employed Francis on The Elephant Man (1980). “Many people were dropping alongside the road. Not Freddie!” (1999) People who are happy and satisfied are boring. I’m attracted to people with problems, and I like to push them even further into trouble and see how they find their way out of it. (1990) You could be Ingrid Bergman’s daughter. (A benighted Lynch meets Isabella Rossellini) 121 David Lynch Actors are strange because they seem to understand abstract things pretty easily. And they can buy into an abstraction without too much trouble. (1996) There is this huge bag of talents that is Los Angeles. This is one of the best things about this city: you can throw a rock in any direction and it will fall on a sea of available talent. (2002) On Mulholland Drive, 2001: A great guy and he’s got so many great characters in him. (On Justin Theroux, 2001) I love Ann Miller. She is a real straight shooter, just the kindest, most professional, anything-goes great gal you ever want to meet. (2001) My mother and father were not allowed to see most of my films – actually, I think my father has seen all of them, and that the last one, Lost Highway, really disturbed him. (1999) I sort of know how things should be, for myself. I’m also the victim of many happy accidents. Freddie Francis used to call me Lucky Lynch. (1990) On Inland Empire: She’s the most incredible actress. Some people get roles and do their thing, but some have a lot more inside and don’t usually get the chance to show it. (On Laura Dern, 2005) 122 David Lynch What’s important is to get the right actors for the roles. If you’ve already worked with them, you’ve already developed a shorthand and you’re friends but that is not the reason to cast them. But when they marry to the part and you’ve got that added bonus, it’s beautiful. Laura is in a film (Inland Empire) that’s considered somewhat strange, but she has given a performance that will rival anything done this year so I hope she fares very well. The danger is that it will take a while to filter into the culture and miss an award but I think she’ll be remembered for her role. (2006) When you first get an idea, you’re imagining it, but eventually you’re out there in the real world. There are little holes and blurs in the imagination, and it’s not totally complete. But when an actress arrives on the set in her costume, you suddenly have a concrete element, and a whole new bunch of things can happen. (1997) She is production designer and in charge of costume design. With regard to the costumes, I hardly ever say anything to her, the things just blow out right of her. (On Patricia Norris, 1997) Oh, Eli’s my buddy. I haven’t talked to him in a long time. Eli is a go-getter and he’s smart and a good guy. So everybody’s got their own voice but Eli, I guess, is making it happen. (On Eli Roth, 2006) 123 David Lynch I think what happens is, the rule is, get the right person for the role. If there’re two people who are basically both right and you’ve worked with one of them before, and you have a shorthand to working and have a good relationship with them, you’re going to pick that person. It goes like that. (2007) I love actors. I respect them. They have to go out on a limb, be somebody else and make it real. I just try and make it a good environment for them to achieve that. (2003) On Little Mike: I was leaning against a car – the front of me was leaning against this very warm car. My hands were on the roof and the metal was very hot. The Red Room scene leapt into my mind. ‘Little Mike’ was there, and he was speaking backwards... For the rest of the night I thought only about The Red Room. ( On “Little Mike” Anderson, 1997) I think everybody’s on their own. You know all the things about film for me come from inside, and I always said that Philadelphia was my greatest influence especially in the early films. But I feel close to the more European sensibility and I feel close to it in terms of the freedom given to people in Europe and not in the States. (1999) I had lunch with Charles Eames, he came to the American Film Institute in 1970 or ‘71 and took part 124 David Lynch in a lunch with all of the other students. And I sat at his table. He was one of the most intelligent, down to earth, greatest persons I’ve ever met. He was just a pure, kind of happy person, somehow child like, enjoying life. The kind of guy you’d like right away. (1997) Because Europeans appreciate the finer things. (1997) Why remake a perfect film?... a classic? (Lolita) Nobody can touch it. When [Adrian Lyne] did it, it was a joke. I refused to see it. (2001) I always thought the ending of Chinatown was the most perfect ending. (2002) I’m not really a film buff. But I was asked this question just today – I liked Aki Kaurismäki’s film, The Man Without a Past. (2007) There are films I would see every other day if I had the time: ‘8 1/2,’ Kubrick’s ‘Lolita,’ ‘Sunset Boulevard,’ ‘Hour of the Wolf ’ from Bergman, ‘Rear Window’ from Hitchcock, ‘Mr. Hulot’s Holiday’ or ‘My Uncle’ from Jacques Tati, or ‘The Godfather.’ (1999) I love Hitchcock’s Rear Window... even though I know what’s going to happen. I love being in that room and feeling that time. It’s like I can smell it. (1996) 125 David Lynch I adore Psycho. I adore the idea of psycho even more than the film itself. Especially the way the film starts, there’s a certain ambience... You just know that some very serious things are going to happen. (2001) Kubrick loved Eraserhead and that touched me profoundly. (1997) One of my favourite films is Lolita, and one of the greatest scenes features this folding bed. The bellhop and James Mason put this bed in the room when Sue Lyon is asleep, and they don’t wanna wake her up. Some people are not mechanically-minded, and some machines are simple things that are not user-friendly. There are so many absurd things in that. (1996) I love The Shining. If I see it on TV, no matter what else is on, I have to watch it. It just gets better and better. And yet, when it came out, it didn’t make that much of a noise. But that’s the way it always was with Kubrick’s stuff. It’s pretty amazing how they grow. But I like everything he’s done. I love Barry Lyndon it’s a great, great film. (2001) David Lynch He understands the sort of world that I like. And he likes as well. And the characters that he writes about. I really like. I like what they say. And I like a certain sensibility that he has about things. (on Barry Gifford, 1996) I love Fellini. And we’ve got the same birthday. There’s something about his films. There’s a mood. They make you dream. They’re so magical and lyrical and surprising and inventive. The guy was unique. If you took his films away, there would be a giant chunk of cinema missing. (1996) I want a dream when I go to a film. I see ‘8 1/2’ and it makes me dream for a month afterward; or ‘Sunset Boulevard’ or ‘Lolita.’ There’s an abstract thing in there that just thrills my soul. Something in between the lines that film can do in a language of its own – a language that says things that can’t be put into words. (1999) Sunset Boulevard is in my top five movies, for sure. (1996) Frank Daniel – who was the Dean of the Czechoslovakian Film School – was by far the best teacher I ever had. Just a great, great teacher. Unbelievable! I never really liked teachers, but I liked Frank because he wasn’t a teacher, in a way. He just talked. (1996) 126 127 David Lynch Human beings are like detectives. They love a mystery. They love going where the mystery pulls them. What we don’t like is a mystery that’s solved completely. It’s a letdown. It always seems less than what we imagined when the mystery was present. The last scene in ‘Blow Up’ is so perfect because you leave the theatre still dreaming. Or the end of ‘Chinatown,’ where the guy says ‘Forget it, Jake, it’s Chinatown.’ It explains so much but it only gives you a dream of a bigger mystery. Like life. For me, I want to solve certain things but leave some room to dream. (1997) She can be very disquieting. She’s one of those lesser known actresses who works constantly. I love Grace and believe she can play anything. (On Grace Zabriskie, 2007) It is such a strange thing. I remember having met Sheryl Lee in Seattle. She had to play a dead girl. Plenty of other girls could have done it, but I chose her because I liked her photo. I knew nothing at all about her. She came to see me, and I told her I wanted to throw her into a bath of grey paint, that she would be naked, dead and wrapped in plastic, washed up on the shores of a lake. She said: “Here I am”. That was just the start of it. Later we had to film the cassette of Laura and Donna that was found in her bedroom. What really impressed me what how fabulous she was in this small morsel of video. As she approached the camera, the sensation of it being a dream became stronger and stronger, and it was incredibly beautiful. I remember having watched that video, and telling myself “This girl really is Laura Palmer. 128 David Lynch There’s something coming from her which is completely spot on !” It was a gift – I just couldn’t have imagined such a thing possible. Later, just because she is so gifted, she succeeded in getting back in as cousin Maddy. (On Sheryl Lee, 2001) I saw Billy Ray in an interview and hearing him talk - I was surprised. I suddenly saw Billy Ray in this role [Mulholland Drive] and that was it. (On country singer Billy Ray Cyrus, 2001) John Waters was another guy that helped me out a lot. One of his films was opening, I’m not sure which it was, but he’d already established himself as this underground rebel. And he did a Q and A or something after a screening of his new film, and he didn’t talk about his film. He just told people that they had to go and see Eraserhead! It really helped the film. It played seventeen cities regularly. And in those days, which is unfortunately not the case now, midnight screenings were really strong. So at the Nuart here in LA, for instance, it played for four years. It only played one night a week, but every day of the week it was on the marquee. So whether people had seen it or not, it became known over four years. I wish they would do that more. There are a lot of films that could make it if they had that venue. (2005) 129 David Lynch David Lynch Lynch with ex-partner Isabella Rossellini 130 131 David Lynch David Lynch Others on Lynch Eagle Scout, Missoula, Montana – David Lynch on himself. To the eye trained on Lynch’s world, hair is never innocent. (Gaby Wood, 1997) Impressively gravity defying hair that is two parts Elvis to one part Einstein. (Kermode) Watching The Grandmother is like sitting for half an hour in the electric chair. (Jack Nance, 1991) David Lynch, 2007 132 133 David Lynch On Eraserhead, 1977: The first thing I ever saw about Eraserhead was when I was 14. I was going to school, a private school off of Mulholland drive. I went there from first to ninth grade. It was a really good academically inclined school. And we would read books and there was a program at the Nuart that after school children finished reading a particular book, it is correlated so that they would show the movie. Like, I remember seeing an earlier version of 1984. They made one later on, more recently. But there was one that had been made in the ‘50s or ‘60s that we watched after reading the book. Lord Of The Flies I saw at the Nuart. And it was all done during matinee times. But for whatever reason, they showed the previews, the coming attractions before these [matinees]. And they had the coming attraction for Eraserhead. And I was 14 and I didn’t know what it was. I thought is this an old movie from the ‘50s that was obscure? I was confused. But the imagery was just absolutely fascinating. I never forgot and I thought as soon as I learn how to drive, I want to go see that movie. And that’s what I did. When I was 16, I learned how to drive; I went and saw the midnight show of Eraserhead. And it was early on and you know, now certainly there’s an understanding of Lynch’s work, but at that time, it was something where people got angry. The audience would get kind of quiet. And then I remember people getting up yelling and walking, saying expletives and then walking out of the theatre. Then it would get really, really quiet. (Crispin Glover) 134 David Lynch Eraserhead! That’s what I’d always associated David Lynch with. Someone once gave me Eraserhead for a birthday present. Not that I understand it, but we used to take things like bones and pig’s hooves from restaurants and wrap them in blankets. That was our Eraserhead baby. David Lynch’s humour was something I could always tap into - the dark side. (Julee Cruise, 1990) On The Elephant Man: They invited me to Mel Brooks’ office and Mel told me the story of “The Elephant Man”. By the time he had finished, I was hooked. I knew I could do it and I had to do it”. (John Hurt, 1980) You can’t avoid using superlatives about The Elephant Man. It really was - is - marvellous. (Anthony Hopkins, 1980) On Dune, 1984: I really wanted to work with David Lynch. I was a big fan of The Elephant Man and Eraserhead. (Sting) $4 million over, $7 million over. It’s not so bad. I’m delighted with Dune. It’s not only the greatest motion picture of my career, it’s one of the greatest motion pictures ever made. (Dino de Laurentiis, 1984) David is a visual director - which is the worst kind for a special-effects movie. (Frank Herbert, author of Dune, 1984) 135 David Lynch David Lynch There was the principal unit, which was David Lynch and the principal actors, at the same time there was a whole other unit shooting battle scenes with the Mexican Army dressed up. There was another unit shooting special effects stuff with the worms and stuff and there was another unit that was shooting inserts and detail work. And Lynch did not oversee any of the other stuff ! And I thought the worms were a disaster. And that’s the major thing in Dune! And there were Academy Award winning people doing it! And it came back dumb. And the battle scenes were a joke. All these hot, tired guys out there barely moving. So I think that was the real problem putting the film together. I thought the stuff Lynch did was fantastic. (Dean Stockwell, 1995) On Wild at Heart, 1990: With David, you play such strange characters you don’t get offered by others. All his characters are overdone in make-up, wigs and clothes. Just part of his style. It’s a lot of fun, changing yourself. (Isabella Rossellini, 1990) On Blue Velvet, 1986: Like the Wizard of Oz reshot with a script by Franz Kafka and décor by Francis Bacon. (JG Ballard, 1996) I’ve got to play Frank. Because I am Frank! (Dennis Hopper On Blue Velvet) He’s so straight, it’s hard to realise he has such a sick and twisted mind. Dear David. (Dennis Hopper) I loved the series Twin Peaks. I loved Lost Highway. I loved Blue Velvet, those incredible colours. I found it a great inspiration. It’s exactly in this way that I like to photograph women, in these extraordinary colours. At the time when he was living with Isabella Rossellini, I did a photo shoot at his place, in Los Angeles. (Helmut Newton, 2001) 136 Working with David is Disneyland! A complete amusement park ride from beginning to end. His films are dreams: all his characters are dreamlike, in a dream world or they love dreams. I’ve never had as much trust and faith in a director in my life nor received so much trust back. He always has me play people with a vision, an idealism I share – that things can get better. David recognises that I’m constantly searching for that, personally. (Laura Dern, 1990) All I kept thinking was he’s not red wine, he’s motor oil, things like that. (Nicholas Cage on Sailor, his character in Wild At Heart) She’s Marilyn Monroe with a little bit of Lucille Ball, a little bit of Southern and a little bit of Laura – she is sorta thick, warm liquid in this glass and every time she has an experience a little bit more of the liquid oozes out of the glass into the world outside. And by that I mean she kinda exposes what’s inside, she is coming from the inside out. Her heart is putting feelers, out, she doesn’t think through situations. (Laura Dern on Lula, 1990) 137 David Lynch David Lynch I once looked at a painter named Frida Kahlo and I told David she looked quite appealing yet, with her eyebrows joined together, very wild. And I said it would be an interesting character to play, an attractive, but very hairy woman. A year later he called me and offered me ‘a small part where you can have those eyebrows, but you gotta have a blonde wig’. And that was it. On Twin Peaks, 1990/1: To be known as someone who’s dead is kind of strange. In Japan they made a wax corpse of my body and had a funeral on the day Laura was supposed to be killed. They showed me pictures from their version of People magazine, with hundreds of people at the funeral. So strange. (Sheryl Lee, “Laura Palmer”) (Isabella Rossellini, 1990) Lula should be a definition in the dictionary now for ‘bird-brain genius,’ That’s what she is, an airhead wise woman. She’s the coolest thing. I love her. She’s the ultimate person. She’s definitely on Jupiter, as I have been since I did the film. I don’t think I’ll ever come back. I might visit Pluto or Saturn, but Earth is not a possibility for me anymore. (Laura Dern, 1990) He can afford nicer clothes now. But he still has ten shirts that are the same and just wears a clean one every day. (Catherine Coulson, “Log Lady”, 1991) He is one of the only directors who, the later and colder it gets, says, “Hey guys, are you ready to have more fun!” He is extremely positive, light on his feet – he floats. With him the creative process is fun. One of the important lessons I learned was that it is important to have fun. And then David said to me, “it is not only okay, it’s necessary.” (Nicholas Cage, 1990) We just kind of went along for a roller coaster ride, along with everybody else, and had a lot of fun with it...It was shaky fun...You start to feel kind of like the guy on top of the human pyramid of the Flying Wallenda family.” (Mark Frost, co-writer, Twin Peaks) When he’s preparing for a movie he always listens to music. It helps him enter the world and it helps him create that world that he’s creating. So he had picked out quite a bit of music before he even started shooting. And he has continued to listen to music while he’s been shooting. Where we had music to the scenes he has known about it for a while in advance. And he really likes it to create the atmosphere for his sake and for the sake of his actors. (Mary Sweeney, 1996) 138 He cares an awful lot about working. That’s all he does. He’s a real dull guy. (Jack Nance, 1991) Peyton Place meets Naked Lunch (NYTimes on Twin Peaks) The notion of David Lynch making a TV soap is almost as surreal as the finished product, ‘Twin Peaks’. This extraordinary exercise in grim humour, haunting inconsequence and mounting horror will obsess British viewers just as much as it did 35 million Americans. (Steve Grant, 1990) 139 David Lynch David Lynch I knew that Twin Peaks had to have a sound and its own musical identity. The show is so unique. It was really very natural to come up with the musical sound and the style of the writing. I just knew that it had to be somewhat traditional, but on the other hand, underneath the surface – as what goes on with some of these characters – I went along with that vein in the music so that it’s slightly twisted or off-centre. But not off-centre in a stereotyped way. It’s got its own sound. Through all seven episodes, I’ve stayed with that and developed it in that area. (Angelo Badalamenti on series one, 1990) Not only in the technique, but there is a mature concept, and there is know-how. And this is very surprising, because you don’t find this professional level in someone who does not devote all of his time to painting and drawing. I would like to know how he got to this point; he cannot be born out of the head of Zeus. (Leo Castelli, art dealer, 1987) Fire Walk With Me, 1992: It’s not the worst movie ever made; it just seems to be. (Vincent Canby, The New York Times). That’s exactly what interests me: an appearance of normality in which it’s not immediately evident what exactly is going on, which suggests on the contrary a multiplicity of senses and facets. You are basically left between a dream and reality, and you enter into another dimension which you suppose might be dangerous. This duality suggests a mystery, an enigma, a secret. The brunette, dreamy, introverted, apparently passive, the blonde who appears active, perverse, and maybe criminal. It seems to me that this Lynchian dichotomy also exists in my work. (Martine Sitbon, 2001) Lynch is an American, you know what I mean? He’s that real small-town boy who makes good. He’s not a big flag-waver, you know, but he’s a real apple-pie American. Of course, he likes to dig into all this subterfuge, all this secret stuff, people’s secrets and all that, and he gets pretty perverse sometimes. He’s not Norman Rockwell - but, still, he’s like Norman Rockwell, you know what I mean? (Jack Nance, 1991) On Lost Highway: I think the world catches up with David 10 years later and it’s his curse. (Patricia Arquette, 1997) A psychopathic Norman Rockwell (NYTimes, 1991) Incredible, incredible. This new film is draining, I tell you. I left the screening of it so worried. (Barry Adamson) He’s very careful about the way his collar stands, and it has to be white, and it has to be a special kind of white shirt. But he is not weird at all as a person – a lot of people ask me. He’s such a serene, calm, very sweet man. I know he must be thinking about the dark side of things, but I have never found his dark side, never. (Isabella Rossellini, 1987) It’s about a relationship where the man’s a misogynist. He kills the woman, but can’t admit it, so he reimagines himself as this young, virile guy. She comes back and really wants him, but even in his fantasy he gets fucked up. He’s too afraid of her. (Patricia Arquette, Arena, BBC, 1997) 140 141 David Lynch David Lynch rang me up and said ‘Yesterday, I listened to your music for eight hours. I really like what you do and I’d like you to contribute something to my new picture’. What began as one track soon blossomed into a dozen when the two sat down and worked through the script. The film is so up my street. I connected with it totally. It’s a thriller, it’s noir, there’s mystery, horror, it was perfect for me. (Barry Adamson) One eyebrow will go up, and it’s like really kind of strange and wonderful. And that’s the way he would kind of communicate. (Patricia Arquette, 1997) Well, you know, he has these eruptions. (Bill Pullman, 1996) This isn’t your run-of-the-mill movie and it certainly isn’t for everyone. (Patricia Arquette, 1997) I think the fear of being out of control is a very real one that most people do have. Seeing a spirit or a presence or having – I don’t want to sound clinical – a psychotic episode, seeing the Mystery Man, whom nobody else can see, and having conversations with him - this is all really an element of losing control. It’s all right there, and it’s not often that you would see it on the screen, especially in this way. There have been other examples of this thing, but never close to being filmed in this way...I think that LOST HIGHWAY is really reflective of the time. There’s a big revolution in terms of the demand of your brain; it looks like there’ll be no end to it – things are changing so fast it 142 David Lynch seems like you can’t keep up with it. I think, for us, it exists as a metaphor. I don’t want to presume to speak for David in that sense, but for me that’s how it feels. (Barry Gifford, 1997) ...there were a lot of ways in which I was aware of the fact that I was kind of being charmed by him. (Patricia Arquette, 1997) As an artist he rejuvenates not just your sense of looking at the script but your sense of looking at the world. (Bill Pullman, 1997) My first concept was they were two different people. So I was thinking, looking from an acting point of view, that I was gonna make them very different... then David said: “No no no, they’re the same person!” So then you have to cross a reality border cause you can’t be really the same person and one of them die... (Patricia Arquette, 1996) We all have our own fantasies about what the secret of Lost Highway is. At times, in David’s direction, he’ll give you an idea and you’ll think you’re on to something. Then the next day it will be completely the opposite. (Natasha Wagner, 1996) But I think what David sees as good and right in the world is the ‘50s. Things that looked trite on the outside, like pretty ‘50s party dresses and lake picnics – you know there’s a picture of David with his girlfriend on a tandem bike waving at the camera, I’d give a lot of money for that photo – anyway that says it all for me. David must have a very repressed side; he would have to if he sees things as he does. (Julee Cruise, 1990) 143 David Lynch David Lynch What women have to know is that they can feign submission: it is by doing so, that they are often at their strongest. It’s like Shéhérazade or in Arabian Nights It’s a game. You see this, like with Lynch, diving into this kingdom of fantasy where women are finally gently in control of their sexuality. Then they can play their role. (Clare Denis, 2001) We expect our great film auteurs to somehow personify their work. Disney was cuddly in a paternal way. Hitchcock dripped with portent and irony on his TV shows. Lynch, who along with David Cronenberg is the only other true American original in the suspense genre since the Hollywood days of Hitch, is something else again. (Jan Stuart, Newsday, 1997) My second-best marriage in the world (Angelo Badalamenti, 1990) Jimmy Stewart from Mars (Mel Brooks) I have loved David Lynch for a long time, and I’ve always had the greatest respect for his work as an artist; he could be in a garage, on a farm or in a house high in the LA hills, and he’d still be applying himself in the same way, with the same passion in whatever he undertakes to do. Working with him reminded me of working with Terrence Malik on Badlands (1974). Both of them are extremely attentive, and completely committed to their work. But no-one’s quite like David, who, a bit like Jimmy Stewart, is gracefully seductive. He always knows what he wants, which is an absolute dream for an actor, whilst remaining extremely funny. Everyone adores him. (Sissy Spacek, 1999) The main thing that David does is he uses the take. He doesn’t edit your performance the way most [TV] shows do. He stays on you. I mean, he’ll stay there until you’re seeing what you’re seeing and you know you’re seeing what you’re seeing. It’s just a different philosophy of filmmaking. (Grace Zabriskie, 1990) 144 It does seem to me that sometimes you can watch a David Lynch film with your eyes closed because of what’s happening on the soundtrack. (Mark Kermode, 2007) The first populist surrealist – a Frank Capra of dream logic. (Pauline Kael, 1996) The Czar of Bizarre - TIME His voice is metallic and nerdy in the Mr. Rogers mould. He says “beautiful” a lot and peppers his talk with such “Fargo”esque euphemisms as “By golly” and “I’ll be darned.” (Jan Stuart, 1997) He is pigeonholed as the master of weird, but he is much more. (Mary Sweeney, 1999) 145 David Lynch On The Straight Story, 1999: ...He’s a greater character than any character that’s ever been in one of his films... He’s also the boy next door. There’s something so endearing and so funny and so totally unique about him. (Sissy Spacek, 1999) Of course I’d never worked with him. I’d seen The Elephant Man, but when my agent told me that David Lynch was going to direct it, boy, that’s good. I’ve made the circuit. (Richard Farnsworth, 1999) He has a vision he wants to communicate. He’s no pushover. But he is so kind and funny and treats everyone with such respect; everyone falls all over themselves to give him what he wants. (Sissy Spacek, 1999) I did stunts for Ford. He was good to stuntmen if they made an honest mistake. But if an actor didn’t remember his lines or made a mistake, all hell broke loose. There’s no comparison with David Lynch as far as getting along with people. (Richard Farnsworth, 1999) Just when we think we had him pegged, David surprises us. Having known him for many years, I think Straight Story is more reminiscent of the David Lynch that I’ve known than many of his other films. (Sissy Spacek, 1999) David Lynch Mulholland Drive, 2001: I was so thrilled the first time I saw the movie. I sat next to David and I couldn’t keep my eyes off of the screen or my mouth closed. I was so intrigued and frankly quite confused for even I, who was in the film, wasn’t exactly sure what the story was about. Honestly, I had to see it 6 times before I figured it out. I saw it in different theatres just to make sure I wasn’t dreaming. It is truly “a love story in the city of dreams”... dreams being the operative word here. I can’t give it away or my interpretation of it but I can say that it is so real and surreal at the same time... truly a masterpiece and one of my favorite David Lynch films. (Rebekah Del Rio) David knows how to behave around people. (Justin Theroux, 2001) I trusted him 100% and it worked. I was putty in his hands and there was NOTHING I wouldn’t do for him and I say that with total conviction. Unfortunately you can’t do that all the time. (Naomi Watts, 2001) I believe the (lesbian) scenes were needed in the film to show the obsession between the two characters, but I was terrified at first, a little watery eyed before doing the scene. David made it very comfortable. It wasn’t technical. He just let the cameras roll. There was a lot of respect on the set. (Laura Harring, 2001) I guarantee you, I’m the only guy ever to go to read for a David Lynch movie with two stolen chickens sitting in his agent’s Porsche. (Billy Ray Cyrus, 2001) 146 147 David Lynch On Inland Empire, 2006: My experience on this film was very unique to say the least, even after working with David for a long time. (Laura Dern, 2006) You’re so used to directors who have a clear idea what they want, but with David, you have to be flexible enough to trust him. I couldn’t possibly tell you what the film’s about, and at this point I don’t know that he could. It’s become sort of a pastime – Laura (Dern) and I sit around on set trying to figure out what’s going on. (Justin Theroux, 2006) The truth is I didn’t know who I was playing and I still don’t know who I play, and I look forward to seeing the film tonight to know more. (Laura Dern, 2006) David Lynch Oh God! I was aghast, truly shocked! I remember sneaking into a little cinema in Malibu, where I live, to see it. Some people behind me evidently recognised me because they started laughing when the “In Dreams” sequence came on. But I was shocked, almost mortified, because they were talking about ‘the candy coloured clown’ in relation to doing a dope deal, then Dean Stockwell did that weird miming thing with that lamp. Then they were beating up that young kid! I thought, ‘What in the world?’ But later, when I was touring, we got the video out and I really got to appreciate not only what David Lynch gave to the song, and what the song in turn gave to the film, but how innovative the movie was, how it really achieved this otherworldly quality that added a whole new dimension to “In Dreams”. I find it hard to verbalise why, but Blue Velvet really succeeded in making my music contemporary again. (Roy Orbison to Nick Kent, 1988) Small men on the phone to themselves. Twins, who are in fact the same person. Lots of things catching fire. Uh-oh, looks like David Lynch has a new film out. Mark Kermode Inland Empire. Lynch on set with Laura Dern 148 149 David Lynch David Lynch Lynch on the set of Dune with Kyle MacLachlan and Sting 150 151 David Lynch Quotes herein are culled from interviews originally conducted and published, or recorded for TV, in English, French, Italian and German, between 1976 and 2007. They have been credited for the sake of design and legibility to the year of publication. There are a few absolutely excellent Lynch websites, Quotes from: Cahiers de Cinema, Interview with David Lynch, January 1997 Agence France Presse; September 6, 2006 Campbell, Virginia; Something Really Wild, Movieline, 1990 Edwards, Craig; Dean Stockwell: Interview, Psychotronic Video, 1995 American Film, Volume X, Number 3, December 1984 Canal Plus, David Lynch, Interview 2001 Bahiana, Ana Maria; “Bravo!” Magazine, May 2002 Ciak, April 1997 Barron, Jack; Cruise’s Peak, New Musical Express, 1 December 1990 Collett-White, Mike; Venice honors Lynch, Reuters, September 6, 2006 Behar, Henry; Mr Lynch? Empire 1990 Crawley, Tony; Wild Thing, Time Out’s Paris Passion, September 1990 Beyda, Kent; Eraserhead, Search & Destroy No.9, 1978 and notably: www.davidlynch.com – his homepage. Where Inland Empire was conceived. Biodrowski, Steve; Barry Gifford Interview, Cinefantastique, April 1997, Volume 28/10 www.davidlynch.de Blackwell, Mark; Interview with Trent Reznor, Raygun, 1997 www.thecityofabsurdity.com www.bbc.co.uk Special mention goes to Cahiers du Cinema for their continued intelligent appreciation of Lynch. Lynch, David; Catching The Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness Dupont, Joan; International Herald Tribune, May 19-20th, 2001 Rodley, Chris (ed.); Lynch on Lynch, London & New York, Faber, 2005 All sources are secondary, because there is more than enough of Lynch already in print. This ‘best of ’ Lynch quotes is, however, the only one of its kind. Two excellent sourcebooks for recent material have been: Bouzereau, Laurent; Blue Velvet: An Interview With David Lynch, Cineaste 3/1987 & Creativity, copyright – Bobkind 2006 (Published by tarcher Penguin) Citations/Bibliography David Lynch Blatter, Helene; The PressEnterprise, September 2, 2006 Boston Phoenix; Straight time, October 21 - 28, 1999 Brioux, Bill; Twin Peaks, TV Guide, May 19, 1990 Bromell, Henry; David Lynch, Rolling Stone, November 13, 1980 152 Dean Stockwell: Interview” Epstein, Daniel Robert; David Lynch, Suicidegirls.com, Dec 7, 2006 Esterly, Glenn; TV Guide, April 7, 1990 Cinéphage, 1992, p.50-52 The Face; Blue Velvet, no. 82, February 87 Figgis, Mike; Into The Abstract, Sight & Sound, March 2007 Fischer, Paul; Driven To Tears, Interview with Naomi Watts, iofilm, 2001 Cousins, Mark; David Lynch, Scene by Scene Interview, BBC Two Scotland, 1999. Form; The World Reveals Itself, issue 158, 2/1997 Daney, Serge/Tesson, Charles; Cahiers du Cinema, April 1981 Friend, Tad; Creative Differences, New Yorker, August 30, 1999 Dawtrey, Adam; Lynch invades an ‘Empire’, Variety, May 12, 2005 Giammarco, David; Patricia Arquette interview, Toronto Globe and Mail, February 24, 1997 Delorme, Gérard; Lynch Interview, Première, December 2001 Delorme, Gérard; Bienvenue A Lynchland, Première February, 2007 Delorme, Stéphane; Inland Empire, Cahiers du Cinema, February 2007 Gilmore, Mikal; Rolling Stone, March 1997 Gore, Chris; Is David Lynch Just A Little Weird, Film Threat, April 1997 Grant, Steve; Peak Viewing, Time Out, August 22-29 1990 153 David Lynch KIRSTEN DUNST Griffiths, John; All Dolled Up, Hair. Cut and Style, Spring 1991 Les Inrockuptibles, Homage to Jack Nance, 1997 Lobby, Brian, SALON, Nov 6, 2001 Hattenstone, Simon; The Bliss Of It All, The Guardian, Saturday February 24, 2007 Les Inrockuptibles, Hors-Série David Lynch, 2002 Marie-Claire, 1997 Jerome, Jim; David Lynch, People, September 3, 1990 Henry, Michael; Interview with David Lynch, Positif, No. 465; November 1999 Jones, Dylan; Suburban Spaceman, ARENA, September / October 1990, Hibbard, Justin; David Lynch Wades Into Deep Waters, Business Week, May 26, 2006 Kang, Debbie; “David Lynch extols value of transcendental meditation”, The Eagle Hill, Veronica, David Lynch takes Lost Highway to Baker, December 15, 1995 KCRW, Morning Becomes Eclectic, February 1997 Hinson, Hal; Dreamscapes, Rolling Stone, November 13, 1980 Kermode, Mark; David Lynch, Guardian Unlimited, February 8, 2007 Hodenfield, Chris; Daring Dune, Rolling Stone No.436 December 6th 1984 Kermode, Mark; Weirdo, Q Magazine, 1997 Kress, Michael; Belief Net, August 2007 Huffhines, Kathy; Turkey Freak of ‘Twin Peaks’, The Arizona Republic, Sunday, August 26, 1990 Krobath, Peter; Zoomissue, March 1997 Hughes, David; Empire, 2001 Hughes, David; Virgin Books, 2001 Hughes, Mike; Coming down from the mountain, Gannett News Service Hyman, Nick; Under The Radar, Interview with Crispin Glover, 2006 Puig, Claudia; Lynch tries direction other than dark, USA TODAY, October 1999 Rabkin, William; Deciphering Blue Velvet, Fangoria, #58, October 1986 McGregor, Alex; Out To Lynch, Time Out, August 22-29 1990 McKenna, Kristine; “Straight” Shooter, Premiere, November 1999 Rayner, Richard; Dune: The Movie That Cost The Earth, Time Out, November 15-21 1984 Rebekahdelrio.com Metz, Dave; Brain Trust, Vogue, 2003 Rentilla, J.; Justin Time, The Guardian, The Guide, Dec.29th 2001- Jan 4th 2002 NY rock, 2001 L ́Oeil de Lynch, Air France magazine, May 2007 Rodley, Chris; Sight & Sound, July 1996 O ́Keefe, Alice; New Statesman, 2007 Romney, Jonathan, Guardian, 1999 Olech, Franca; David Lynch Interview Ross, Jonathan; Richard Farnsworth interview, BBC-Online, 1999 Peary, Gerard; Interview, (October, 1999) gerardpeary.com Rothe, Marcus; David Lynch est un autre aussi mais pas le meme, L`Humanité, 03 Nov. 1999 Pizzello, Stephen; American Cinematographer, 1997 Rowin, Michael Joshua, Toy Cameras: An Interview with David Lynch, 2006 Playgirl, October 1990 Krohn, Bill; Lost Highway, Cahiers du Cinéma n° 509, January 1997 Polowy, Kevin; Billy Ray Cyrus interview, Premiere, November 2001 Kuhn, Joy; Elephant Man: the book of the film, Virgin Books, 1980 Pond, Steve; You are now leaving Twin Peaks, Playboy, February 1991 Kutner, Jane; His surreal paintings, like his films, are strange and seductive, Dallas Morning News 154 Positif, David Lynch Interview, No. 465; November 1999 Potter, Maximillian; Premiere Magazine, 1997 Press Association, September 6, 2006 Saada, Nicolas; Interview with Sissy Spacek, Cahiers du Cinéma, No. 540, November 1999 Saada, N. & Toubiana, S.; Interview - David Lynch, Cahiers du Cinéma No. 540 November 1999 Saban, Stephen with Longacre, Sarah; The Soho Weekly News, October 20, 1978 155 David Lynch KIRSTEN DUNST Salem, Rob; Interview With David Lynch, Starweek, 1990 Toop, David; Welcome To Twin Peaks, The Face, 1990 Visionary and dreamer: A surrealist’s fantasies, Cinema 12 / 1984 Schiff, Stephen; The Weird Dreams of David Lynch, Vanity Fair, March 1987 USA Today, Friday August 17, 1990 Vice magazine, 2007-08-25 Waldron, Robert; Crazy Mama! Soap Opera Weekly, 1990 Vogue Paris December 2001 / January 2002, p. 286-289 Snyder, Tom; The Late Late Show, Feb. 26, 1997 Weigel, Herman; David Lynch, tip Filmjahrbuch Nr. 1, 1985 Sragow, Michael; I want a dream when I go to a film, Salon Magazine, October 28, 1999 Wells, Dominic, 1997 Stathis, Lou; Heavy Metal, 1982 Willman, Chris; Setting Lynch ́s Muse to Music, Los Angeles Times, September 29, 1990 Strasser, Brendan; David Lynch reveals his battle tactics, Prevue, 1984 Wise, Damon; Interview with David Lynch, Total Film, Jan 2000 Strauss, Bob; E Online, 1997 Wood, Brett; Head to Head: an interview with David Lynch, Art Papers Oct 1998 Stuart, Jan; Newsday, March 9, 1997 Sundell, Margaret & Spears, Dorothy; David Lynch, Splash, April 1989 Theroux, Justin; Beat your own drum, i D, March 2007 The TV Book, June 9-15, 1991 Thompson, Bob; Patricia Arquette interview, Toronto Sun, February 23, 1997 Tirard, Laurent; La Lecon de Cinema de David Lynch, STUDIO, issue 118, January 1997 Todd, Stephen; Head Trip: David Lynch, Black + White, number 24, April 1997 Wood, Gaby, 1997, The Guardian Woodard, Josef; Interview with Angelo Badalamenti, unknown source, 1990 Woodward, Richard B.; A Dark Lens on America, The New York Times Magazine, Jan 14, 1990 Young, Paul; Talking Art, Buzz Inc. 1993 Zimmerman, Kent and Keith; The Gavin Report, May 11th, 1990 Zoglin, Richard, Worrell, D.; Like Nothing On Earth, Time, April 9, 1990 Interview with David Lynch, Wired News, March 2006 156 IMDB Filmography of Lynch as Director only. Boat (2007) (V) Inland Empire (2006) Rammstein: Lichtspielhaus (2003) (V) (video “Rammstein”) The Short Films of David Lynch (2002) (V) Darkened Room (2002) Dumbland (2002) Rabbits (2002) Mulholland Dr. (2001) ...aka Mulholland Drive (France) (USA: closing credits title) The Straight Story (1999) ...aka Une histoire vraie (France) Lost Highway (1997) ...aka Lost Highway (France) Lumière et compagnie (1995) (segment “Premonition Following An Evil Deed”) ...aka Lumière and Company (International: English title) ...aka Lumiere y compañía (Spain) “Hotel Room” (2 episodes, 1993) ...aka David Lynch’s Hotel Room Blackout (1993) TV Episode Tricks (1993) TV Episode “On the Air” (1992) TV Series (unknown episodes) Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992) ...aka Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (France) “Twin Peaks” (6 episodes, 1990-1991) Episode #2.22 (1991) TV Episode Episode #2.7 (1990) TV Episode Episode #2.2 (1990) TV Episode Episode #2.1 (1990) TV Episode Episode #1.3 (1990) TV Episode (1 more) “American Chronicles” (1990) TV Series Wild at Heart (1990) ...aka David Lynch’s Wild at Heart (USA) Industrial Symphony No. 1: The Dream of the Broken Hearted (1990) (TV) “Français vus par, Les” (1988) (mini) TV Series (segment “The Cowboy and the Frenchman”) ...aka The Cowboy and the Frenchman (USA: DVD title) ...aka The French as Seen by... (literal English title) Blue Velvet (1986) Dune (1984) The Elephant Man (1980) Eraserhead (1977) The Amputee (1974) The Grandmother (1970) The Alphabet (1968) Six Figures Getting Sick (1966) ...aka Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times) (USA) 157 David Lynch David Lynch I had tried to track David Lynch down years ago, just to see if he was a fan and if he’d ever be into doing a video or anything like that. And then one day I got a call through Interscope saying that he was doing a new movie and, much like the Oliver Stone Natural Born Killers thing, “Would you be interested in doing a soundtrack on [Reznor’s label] Nothing?” I said “Well what is it?” and “I’m a big fan so, yeah, I’m interested.” So I talked to David on the phone and he said, “Would you be into me coming to New Orleans and maybe we could sit down and try to score some bits of the movie?” So I said, “Sure.” I didn’t expect that. And he ended up coming to New Orleans and I had one of the most nerve racking situations I’ve ever been in. He comes in the studio and it’s David Lynch, right, my hero. And he’s bigger than I thought; he’s exactly that character on Twin Peaks, the hardof-hearing FBI agent. (booming voice) “Trent! Well, whaddaya say we get started?!” And I’m sitting there nervous out of my mind. I’d gotten the script and I’d read it. And he goes, “Okay! Here’s the scene. The guy’s being pursued in a car by the police and I want this sound of chaos.” And he’s talking real loud, he’s real animated. I say, “Did you bring any footage?” (Loudly) “Nah! I didn’t bring any footage. Okay! See what you can come up with!” And he just sits back on the couch. And I thought, “Oh my God...All right.” And the thing that impressed me was in a way he knew he was putting me on the spot. But he was really cool about it. It wasn’t like in a shitty way at all. Super nice guy. (Trent Reznor, of Nine Inch Nails on meeting Lynch for the first time during the recording of the Lost Highway soundtrack.) With Kyle MacLachlan on the set of Blue Velvet 158 159 160