Presentation by Hans Fecht

WMtech
Materials for Micro- and Nanotechnologies
Example of a public – private partnership
Hans Fecht
Ulm University
Institute of Micro- and Nanomaterials
Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
&
Research Center Karlsruhe
Institute of Nanotechnology INT, Karlsruhe, Germany
hans.fecht@uni-ulm.de
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Overview
 General Remarks
 Example Science Park Ulm
 WMtech – Materials center for micro & nanotechnology
 Examples for Applications
 Conclusions
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
GENERAL REMARKS
Emerging / Enabling Technologies (NBIC): 1995
 Nanotechnology
 Biotechnology (new pharmaceuticals)
 Information and communication technology (www)
Plenty of Research Funding
Breakthroughs and Killer Applications ?
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Source: M. Roco, NNI, E. Tomellini, EU, M. Werner, NMTC
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Key Question: Does working on Technologies
solve Problems?
Research Focus: 2006+
 Energy
 Health
 Urban Sustainability (Automotive, Environment …)
What is the contribution of Nanotechnologies?
What is Nano?
Is Nano always Nano?
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Results / Success Stories ?
Biotech industries
 Pharmaceuticals
 Agricultural Chemistry
Very Focussed Applications, considered important
Same for ICT
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Nanotech
more „People Magazine“:
sports, cosmetics, clothing,
cars, coatings …
than
„Wall Street Journal“
However:
„10% of something is more than 100% of nothing“
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
How about Nanotech industries
 47% of Nanotech market are Nanomaterials
New trends, CNT, other nanotubes, nanocomposites
...
 Nanotools
 Products based on nanotech
U.S. patent office: search nano
- materials, chemicals
- no electronics, no pharmaceutical
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
NanoTech  „glamorous“ applications ?
 feeds traditional markets
 long lead time (10-15 ys.)
 no fundamentally new products
 improved performance
 improved lifetime
 marginal improvement unlike biotech
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
VC‘s generally do not understand markets
IT – health ok (telephone, cancer research)
Problems encountered:
 No evaluation of nanotech was available at the start
of the nano-hype
 Patent situation confusing (interdisciplinary)
 Segmented and often small markets
 VC does not invest
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Conclusion / Solution
Financing by conventional means
 Sales
 Angels – Private Investors
 Cooperation
 Public Funding
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Procedure
 1-2 Nanotech patents: Nanomaterials, Nanotools
 Application of Nanotech
 Specific device
 Method of Fabrication
 Use of device based on nanotech
 Sales - $$
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Moreover: Nanotech is interdisciplinary
Molecular Electronics
Nanostructured Materials
Nanotechnology
Information
Technology with
Nanoelectronic
Systems
Microoptics
„NaMiX“
Nano-Micro
Interface
Advanced
Materials
Systems
Microsystem
Technology
Polymer Systems
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Concept Science City Ulm
close cooperation with industry
Science park I
University campus
Sharing of
Resources
Science
park II a
!!!
Science park III
(future expansion)
Science park II b
DaimlerChrysler
Research Center
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Nano for
Industrial sectors
Science Park II a
• Automotive
• (Bio-) Medical
• Materials
• Micro electronic
• Medical
• Telecommunications
• Consulting
DaimlerChrysler research center
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Companies at the
Science Park Ulm
DaimlerChrysler
Siemens
Nokia
Takata Europe
amc AEG mobile communication
Bombardier
Rücker
Atmel Wireless & Microcontrollers
Energon building in Science park II b
Schlumberger Sema
Vodafone
Beam AG
Nortel Network
U-L-M Photonics
GFD Gesellschaft für Diamantprodukte
Deutsche Telekom
Doxa Certex ...
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
WMtech Interdisciplinary Cooperation
(founded 2001)
UNIVERSITY of ULM
Abt.
Elektronische
Bauelemente u.
Schaltungen EBS
MicroGaN
2003
Abt.
Optoelektronik
OE
U-L-M Photonics
2002
Fraunhofer
Institut für
Zuverlässigkeit u.
Mikrointegration
IZM
Institute of
Micro and Nanomaterials
Zentralinstitut
Biomedizinische
Technik ZIBT
Abt. Biomaterialien
Kompetenzzentrum
Werkstoffe der
Mikrotechnik
WMtech
Institut für
dynamische
Materialprüfung
IdM
GFD
Zentrum für
Sonnenenergie- und
Wasserstoff-Forschung
ZSW
IdM
MicroTec
Schwaben e.V.
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Center of Excellence: Micro- and Nanomaterials
Regional Distribution of industrial partners in the
States of Baden-Wurttemberg and Bavaria
Schlötter GmbH Geislingen
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Regensburg
Wieland-Werke AG Ulm
Ulm
Robert Bosch GmbH Waiblingen
DaimlerChrysler Aerospace Ulm
DaimlerChrysler AG Ulm
Universität Ulm
und Aninstitute
Richard Wolf GmbH
GFDmbH Ulm
DaimlerChrysler AG -MTUMünchen
PolyMaterials AG Kaufbeuren
Sensor-Technik Wiedemann GmbH Kaufbeuren
Microtec Schwaben e.V. Kaufbeuren
Siemens AG München
Electronic Parts and Components
München
FhG-IZM, Zentrum für
Verbindungstechnik in der Elektronik
Oberpfaffenhofen
AmaTech Electronic Components Manufacturing GmbH
Pfronten
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Universität Ulm
Center of Excellence
Micro and Nano Materials
Objectives
• To establish links for technology and know-how transfer between industry,
university, associated institutes and investors
• To develop dedicated solutions and materials
• To develop market-oriented innovative products by utilising the know-how
of the partners
• To offer services such as consulting, analysis and training
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Sponsoring (2001 – 2006)
• Industrial Partners:
2.5 Mio. €
• Federal Government:
2.5 Mio. € (Matching Funds)
• State of Baden-Württemberg: 1 Mio. € (Capital Equipment)
• Ulm University:
0.5 Mio € (Infrastructure etc.)
In 2008 start of a new program financed by the state of
Baden-Württemberg with 47 Mio. € (New Materials for
Micro-/Nanotechnologies)
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
New advanced Materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nano-CVD-Diamond plus microstructuring / surface termination (P. Gluche, GFD)
Materials under extreme conditions (temperature, environment, wear conditions)
Organic Materials (printable electronics)
New metallic Alloys (Bulk Metallic Glass)
Layered materials, thin films (magnetics, optoelectronics)
Intelligent Materials
Functionalized surfaces
etc.
Academic developments at highest level (#1, unique)
Industrial needs
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Fabrication of Nano-CVD-Diamond
- superhard materials • Films were grown in a CemeCon CC800/Dia
hot-filament CVD reactor (Ulm, Germany)
• Methane in hydrogen at 5 mbar; 1% oxygen
periodically inserted for nanocrystal
formation by growth inhibition
• Bias applied to substrate before deposition
to achieve high nucleation density
• Substrates (WC, Si) heated to ~750 °C by
thermal radiation from W filaments
• Average growth rate 165 nm/hr: 80 μm film
deposited in 483 hours
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Applications: Life time of cutting tools (in weeks)
Standzeit in Wochen
Plastics (Foil with nx-Ti-oxide)
150 Tests
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Hard metal
TiN Ceramic
Diamaze PSD
63
rel. Standzeit
Glass
Significant improvement of lifetime
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
Hard metal
Diamaze PSD
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Next step
• Nanotechnology concepts
(bottom up, CVD)
+
• Microsystem Technology
(top down)
Patterning / Structuring
Techniques (Mask Layout,
Lithography

• Micro-components
made of nanodiamond
with new functionalities
(comparison with human hair)
P. Gluche, GFD
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Bio Aspect
Surface termination
Cell growth, neurons
Oxygen
(cell growth)
Diamond untreated
Hydrogen
Fluorene
(bacteria disappear)
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Bulk Metallic Glass
(1) Advantages: Tunable Properties
Mechanical strength, elastic limit,
specific weight, Young’s modulus,
low wear / scratch resistance,
low coefficient of friction …
(2) Problems related to applications
(3) Examples
- Zr-based alloys
- Composites
-…
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Strength vs. Elasticity
- no internal friction: ideal spring -
1500
Alloy
s
Zr-BMG Alloys
lloy
s
1000
Tita
niu
mA
BMG has
higher strength
than engineering
polymers
2000
S te e l
BMG has
higher elasticity
than all other
metals & alloys
Mech. strength F (MPa)
2500
500
Window
Wood
Engineering Polymers
Glass
0
0
1
2
3
Elastic
LimitLimit
F /(%)
E (%)
Elastic
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Advantages: electronic casings
•
With approximately 2.5 times the strength of commonly used
titanium alloys and 1.5 times the hardness of commonly used
stainless steel
•
Enables thinner, smaller designs while providing greater protection
for internal components (antenna)
•
Permits thinner walls while providing greater strength
•
Allows larger, wider screens for expanded features and capabilities
•
With precision net-shape casting, Liquidmetal alloys can be readily
fashioned into intricate, innovative designs resulting in a unique
aesthetic advantage
•
Excellent durability; scratch and corrosion resistant
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Products-Applications
Electronic Casings: Vertu Ascent Collection
Battery Cover –
Sub-frame
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Liquidmetal Hinges
Precise Net-Shape Casting, High Reliability, Low Friction
Samsung SPH-E3200
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
BMG: Characteristic Properties
• Processing like polymers (injection molding)
• Mechanical strength like ceramics
• Good corrosion and wear resistance
• Net-shape forming of metallic components
(no shrinkage, no recalescence)
Applications
• Cutting blades (WMF)
• Sport goods: Golf (Bridgestone), Tennis (HEAD),
Ski (HEAD) …
• Electronic casing: large, thin (Samsung, Motorola)
• Micromechanical components
• Medical implants / stents
• Fiber / glass composites (National Defense U.S.)
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Conclusion
NanoMaterials
plus
NanoTools
plus
a Product based on Nanotech
NanoEffects for the micro- and macroworld
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
- Thanks Materials Innovation Award
German Engineering Foundation
DFG
Landesstiftung BW
GFD mbH
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
- THANK YOU for your kind attention
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Why does it work: public – private partnership
 Academic know-how not existing in industry
 Measurements not possible with that precision in
industry
 Outsourcing of R&D in major companies
 Reduction of risk for new projects with long lead times
 Start-ups: receive funding through cooperative projects
…
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
NANOTECHNOLOGY
LENGTH SCALES
Shrinking down into the micro-/
nanoregime using appropriate
deposition and patterning
techniques
(top-down)
Micro technology
Nano technology
The ability to work at the
atomistic level to create large
structures
with fundamentally new
properties and functions
(bottom-up)
Nanotech: The Tiny Revolution , CMP Cientifica (2001)
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Market Size ($ Billion)
Nanotechnology Market Segmentation
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
20002001
2002
Source: Microtechnology Innovation Team Deutsche Bank
Electronics
Devices
Tools
Nanomaterials
Biotech
Other
20032004 Year
2002: 22.6 $ Bn
2006: 32.4 $ Bn
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Market 2002
Nanomaterials Market Share (%)
Dyes and
Organic Pigments
55 %
Zeolites
11 %
Carbon Black
32 %
Other
2%
Nanosized
Particles
64 %
Nanomaterials
Market 2002:
$ 21.8 Bn
Polymer Nanocomposites
2%
Carbon Nanotubes
2%
Source: WMTech Study, 2003
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Forecast 2006
Nanomaterials Market Share (%)
Dyes and
Organic Pigments
52 %
Zeolites
9%
Carbon Black
28 %
Other
11 %
Nanomaterials Market 2006:
$ 28.8 Bn
(increases by 7 % AAGR
between 2002 and 2006)
Polymer Nanocomposites
34 %
Nanosized
Powders
28 %
Carbon
Nanotubes
38 %
Source: WMTech Study, 2003
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Possible Routes of Nanoelectronics
(M. Werner)
Nanoelectronics
Conventional Down
Scaling
Polymer
Electronics
Molecular
Electronics

Individual advantages / disadvantages of the different technologies

Parallel existence of the different future technologies foreseeable
CNT based
Electronics
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Problem polymerelectronics:
extremely low viscosity, toluene as solvent
Frequency Dependence of the Viscosity
Samples: P121, S1123, S719, water, wine (IdM home build device)
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Active Squeegee: Redesign – No. 6 (II)
Slit width of less that 100 microns, resulting film
thickness about 50 nm, needs to be homogeneous
Pump
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
- NanoMaterials Dimensionality and Fields of Application
• Catalysis
• Ferrofluids
• Composites with
increased el. conductivity
• Hard Coatings
• Low temperature co-fired
ceramics (LTCC)
• Sensors / Actors
• Magnetoelectronics
• Reading / Writing
Heads
• Optical Applications
• Structural Nanomaterials
• Superplastic Ceramics
• Filter
Source: H. Hahn / INT
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Universität Ulm
Center of Excellence
Micro and Nano Materials
WMtech
Production
Processing
Application
Consulting
Training
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Technology / Areas of competence WMtech
1.
Development and Production of „New advanced Materials“
2.
Development and improvement of production processing
3.
Development of prototypes, sales of prototypes
4.
Analysis, Simulation
5.
Coordination, Technology transfer
6.
Sales, marketing, licensing
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Metrology: Measurement Techniques for
Nano / Microstructures
r
e
rd
o
9
f
o
s
e
d
itu
n
g
a
m
...up to 1 meter
...from 1 nm
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007
Recommendations
 Contact potential customer, not necessarily large
companies, small comp. are more flexible
 Non-disclosure
 Check market / competition
H.-J. Fecht, NST2B workshop, Warsaw Feb. 7.-9., 2007