- The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation

Transcription

Progress Report
Orangutan Post Release Monitoring in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan
by the BOS Foundation and Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (RHOI)
Report Authors: BOS Foundation and RHOI
Kehje Sewen PRM Report 2013
1
2013
Content
ExECUTIVe SUMMARY
7
Release GROUP I 10
Release GROUP II 13
Release GROUP III 15
Cross-Province Release 18
2
3
INDONESIAN ORANGUTAN HABITAT
RESTORATION PROGRAM (RHOI)
RHOI (Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia, which
translates as Indonesian Orangutan Habitat Restoration)
is an independent organization established by the
Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation in 2009.
The sole purpose of the organization is to provide a
permanent safe, sufficient forest site for wild or semiwild, and rehabilitated Bornean orangutans where they
can live in freedom, and establish a new, viable wild
population to bolster conservation of this endangered
species.
BORNEO ORANGUTAN
SURVIVAL FOUNDATION
The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF)
is an Indonesian charity whose efforts focus on the
conservation, rescue, rehabilitation and reintroduction
of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). To
achieve our goals, the Foundation is responsible
for the ongoing management of two Orangutan
Reintroduction Programs, one in East Kalimantan,
Samboja Lestari and one in Central Kalimantan, Nyaru
Menteng. As at the beginning of 2012, these programs
cared for approximately 850 orangutans focusing on
the welfare, rehabilitation and reintroduction of wildborn rehabilitated orangutans to secure natural forest.
4
5
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
I
n 2013, the Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS)
Foundation team in Samboja Lestari and PT.
Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (Indonesian
Orangutan Habitat Restoration – RHOI) reintroduced
15 orangutans into the Kehje Sewen Forest located in
East Kalimantan. Release events took place in April,
October and December (Tables 1 and 2) and bring the
total number of rehabilitated and semi-wild orangutans
reintroduced into Kehje Sewen since early 2012 to 21.
Included in the 15 new orangutans reintroduced this
year were three orangutans from our Rehabilitation
Program in Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan.
Following DNA results these three female orangutans,
including a dependent young, were revealed to
belong to the subspecies Pongo pygmaeus morio
which naturally inhabits the eastern part of Kalimantan.
Subsequently those orangutans were transported from
Central to East Kalimantan becoming our first crossprovince orangutan reintroduction event.
During 2013, our field teams also continued to follow
the progress of the orangutans we released in 2012
(Hamzah, Berlian, Lesan, Casey, Mail and Abbie) (Table
2 and Figures 1a, b, and c). These six orangutans were
released in 2012, however Abbie was last seen across
the Soh River in January 2013.
6
7
Table 2. Total observation days (hours) 2013
Table 1.Category of orangutans released in Kehje Sewen Forest 2012-2013
Release Group
Release I
April 2012
Release II
April 2013
Release III
October 2013
Name
Category
Sex
Age
Age at arrival*
Origin
Hamzah
Semi wild
M
10
4
Berlian
Rehab
F
11
Lesan
Rehab
F
Casey
Rehab
Mail
Release Group
Name
Age
Days of follow (n-n)
Total hours*
Bontang
Hamzah
10
16 (7)
138 hours 19 minutes
4
Samarinda
Berlian
11
24 (8)
10
3
Hutan Sungai Lesan, Berau
Lesan
10
19 (11)
176 hours 7 minutes
F
9
4
Tenggarong
Casey
9
25 (12)
Rehab
M
9
3
Petung
Mail
9
13 (4)
87 hours 58 minutes
Abbie
Rehab
F
13
7
Samarinda
Abbie
13
0
0
Leo
Rehab
M
20
4-5
Sebulu
Leo
20
21 (11)
Juminten
Semi wild
F
21
6-7
PT.SHJ, Sebulu
Juminten
21
17 (6)
97 hours 58 minutes
Titin
Rehab
F
23
4-5
Samarinda
Titin
23
18 (13)
Emerson
Semi wild
M
26
15
Sangatta
Emerson
26
8 (6)
68 hours 48 minutes
Sarmi
Semi wild
F
19
4-5
PT.KPC, Sangatta
Sarmi
19
8 (5)
72 hours 16 minutes
Mona
Semi wild
F
20
4-5
Tenggarong
Mona
20
8 (5)
63 hours 54 minutes
Agus
Rehab
M
14
3-4
Tenggarong
Agus
14
1
1 hour 0 minutes
Mayang
Rehab
F
16
9-10
BKSDA KalSel
Mayang
16
2
4 hours 46 minutes
Acong
Rehab
F
15
8-9 month
PT. KPC, Bengalon
Acong
15
5 (2)
36 hours 42 minutes
Noel
Rehab
M
13
1-2
Sangatta
Noel
13
9 (1)
30 hours 29 minutes
Inge
Rehab
F
15
3-4
Bontang
Inge
15
4
16 hours 0 minutes
Siwi
Rehab
F
13
6
Samarinda
Siwi
13
0
0
BKSDA KalSel
Yayang
15
2 (2)
19 hours 40 minutes
Sayang
4
2 (2)
19 hours 40 minutes
Diah
17
14 (12)
Release I
April 2012
Release II
April 2013
Release III
October 2013
Cross Province Release (from Central to East Kalimantan)
Release IV
December 2013
Yayang
Rehab
F
15
Sayang
Semi wild
F
4
Diah
Rehab
F
17
*) Arrival in Samboja Lestari Rehabilitation Center
8
6-7
Kaja Island
4-5
Sebulu
Release IV
December 2013
*) In order to minimize the issue of bias, only observation data of a minimum 20 hours per month are analysed to
check the adaptation pattern of released orangutans
9
2013 Activity Budgets of Orangutans
Released in 2012 (Fig.1a)
2013 Activity Budgets of Orangutans Released in 2012 (Fig.1a)
120
100
80
Other
Rest
60
Move
40
Release
Group I
Feed
20
Casey
Lesan
0
Hamzah
Mail
Berlian
Lesan
Casey
2013 Diet composition of Orangutans
Released
in 2012
(Fig.1b)
2013 Diet
composition of Orangutans
Released
in 2012 (Fig.1b)
100%
90%
80%
U
p until July 2013, all of the orangutans released in April 2012, were
still followed nest-to-nest, with the exception of Abbie. Behavioral
data were recorded and analysis during 2013 showed significant
development (Figures 1a, b, c), particularly on the utilization of increased
elevation (above ground activities) by Casey and Lesan.
Hamzah
Berlian
10
Others
60%
Insect
50%
Pith
40%
Bark
30%
Leaves
Fruit
20%
10%
0%
The three females, Berlian, Lesan, and Casey did not range as far as the
older female Abbie or males Hamzah and Mail. Abbie appeared to remain
across the Soh River. Male orangutan Mail followed her temporarily in
January 2013, then continued to explore as far as Sepan and Atip Rivers.
In May 2013, Mail returned to the forest surrounding the camp for a short
period and continued to explore areas along the Soh River. He was last
found in the north of Lembu River (Figure 2).
Hamzah’s range was larger than those of the females; he ventured into
the conservation forest (Hutan Lindung) which borders the Kewje Sewen
Forest and along the Lembu River. Together with some of the females
released in 2012 (Lesan, Casey, Berlian) and females from the newer group
reintroduced in 2013 (Siwi and Inge), he was observed initiating contact
and foraging for food including Macaranga sp., Lauraceae, Baccaurea
tetrandra, Aglaia sp. During these contacts, Hamzah was also recorded
attempting to copulate with several females and his efforts were finally
successful after forced copulation with both Lesan and Casey.
70%
Hamzah
Berlian
Casey
2013
UseMailof strata
ofLesan
Orangutans
Released in 2012 (Fig.1c)
2013 Use of strata of Orangutans Released in 2012 (Fig.1c)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
> 10 m
50%
5-10 m
40%
<5m
30%
0
20%
10%
Mail
0%
Hamzah
Mail
Berlian
Lesan
Casey
11
Release
Group II
Figure 2.Orangutan Distribution Monitoring Map 2013
Unlike the orangutans within the first release
group the second group of orangutans released,
were all older individuals aged between 20-23
years. This second group was released in April
2013 in the northern area of Lembu River which
is approximately 4 km from the first release point.
Large cheek-padded male Leo and adult females
Juminten and Titin had all undergone a very long
rehabilitation process, including Forest School
(Table 1) which spanned 15 years. This is clearly
not an ideal situation nor the intention, however a
direct result of the difficulties in finding a suitable,
safe orangutan release area in this region of
Kalimantan.
Early observation results after release and during the two
months thereafter showed behavioral improvements,
especially in terms of the gradually increasing the period
of time they spent feeding rather than resting (Fig. 3a).
Improvements were also shown in food variety consumed,
despite the tendency for some of the orangutans to eat a
diet largely based on leaves or bark (Fig. 3b). In terms of
arboreal behavior and above ground activities, the three
orangutans showed positive developments by ceasing
their ground activities (Fig. 3c). These early observation
results are of significant importance considering there are
still many more orangutan release candidates of an older
aged and maturity waiting in Samboja Lestari for possible
reintroduction.
Left to right: Juminten, Leo,Titin
12
13
Activity Budgets for Release Group II:
Apr-Jul 2013 (Fig.3a)
Activity Budgets for Release Group II: Apr-Jul 2013 (Fig.3a)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Release
Group III
Other
Rest
Travel
Feed
Diet composition of Release Group II:
Diet composition
of Release
Apr-Jul 2013
(Fig.3b)Group II:
100%
Apr-Jul
2013
Diet composition
of Release
Group II:(Fig.3b)
Apr-Jul 2013 (Fig.3b)
90%
80%
100%
70%
90%
60%
80%
50%
70%
40%
60%
30%
50%
20%
40%
10%
30%
0%
20%
10%
0%
Leo
April
Leo
May-July
Juminten
April
Juminten
May-July
Titin
May-July
Left to Right: Agus, Mona, Sarmi
Other
Leo
April
Leo
May-July
Juminten
April
Juminten
May-July
Titin
May-July
Insect
Other
Pith
Insect
Bark
Pith
Leaves
Bark
Flower
Leaves
Fruit
Flower
Fruit
Use of strata of Release Group II: AprJul 2013 (Fig.3c)
Use of strata of Release Group II: Apr-Jul 2013 (Fig.3c)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
14
> 10 m
5-10 m
<5m
0
Leo
April
Leo
May-July
Juminten
April
Juminten
May-July
Titin
May-July
Our third orangutan release was conducted in
October 2013 and divided into two stages and from
two different release points. Orangutans within the
first group were all semi-wild and comprised of cheekpadded male Emerson, accompanied by two adult
females Sarmi and Mona who were released south
of the Lembu River. The second group consisted of
rehabilitant orangutans; juvenile male orangutans
Agus and Noel accompanied by four females
Mayang, Acong, Inge, and Siwi who were released in
the Gunung Belah River area (Figure 4).
We can only analyze data for five out of nine
orangutans from post monitoring observational data
for orangutans released in October due to inadequate
observation periods. Difficulties in recording data was
also exacerbated due to logistical issues given that
release points are quite in a distance from the camp
and unfavourable weather conditions by the end of the
year which caused rivers to flood and hence become
no longer crossable. Five individuals were observed
in October 2013, Emerson, Noel, Sarmi, Acong and
Mona (Fig. 5a, b, c). However, despite the inadequate
observational period for analysis, the other individuals
were well-observed during the first quarter of the year;
Agus, Inge, Sarmi and Mona (Bani pers.comm).
The immediate post-release observation results
show clearly that in terms of activity budgets, all were
dominated by resting. Acong, Noel and Mona travelled
more than either Emerson or Sarmi, but feeding time
was generally similar across the orangutans. Diet and
food consumption were positive with fruit forming a
large portion of the overall diet, with the exception of
15
Release point
Activity Budgets for Release Group III:
Octfor Release
2013Group
(Fig.5a)
Activity Budgets
III: Oct 2013 (Fig.5a)
100%
90%
80%
70%
female Acong who consumed only
leaves. This might be related to
access or competition at the release
point where three other females
were also released. Moreover,
the previously released females
Berlian, Lesan and Casey had also
established their range here. The
use of height in daily activities
was positive for Emerson, Sarmi
and Acong, but not for Noel and
especially Mona. Both Noel and
Mona still chose to spend a large
portion of their time on the ground
(Fig. 5a, b, c). The technicians
are tasked with encouraging the
orangutans to climb and focus their
activities in the trees which can be
challenging for orangutans who
have spent significant periods away
from Forest School.
Top Left to Right: Emerson, Mayang, Siwi ; Bottom Left to Right: Noel, Inge, Acong
16
Based on the initial observation
results from this release group,
it is clear that when releasing
rehabilitated orangutans in large
numbers and at different release
points requires large numbers of
technicians required to ensure
each orangutan can be closely
monitored. The design and layout
of the release points especially must
ensure that competition amongst
orangutans is completely avoided
as this will significantly influence
adaptation and reintroduction
success.
60%
Other
50%
Rest
40%
Travel
30%
Feed
20%
10%
Activity
Budgets for
0%
Diet
composition
of Release Group
Group III:
III:
Emerson_Oct Sarmi_Oct Acong_Oct Noel_Oct
Mona_Oct
Oct2013
2013
(Fig.5a)
Oct
5b) Group III:
Diet composition
of(Fig.
Release
100%
100%
Oct 2013 (Fig. 5b)
90%
Diet composition of Release Group III: Oct 2013 (Fig. 5b)
90%
80%
80%
100%
70%
90%
70%
60%
80%
60%
50%
70%
40%
50%
60%
30%
40%
50%
20%
40%
30%
10%
30%
20%
0%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Other
Insect
Other
Pith
Other
Rest
Bark
Insect
Travel
Leaves
Pith
Feed
Flower
Bark
Fruit
Leaves
Flower
Activity Budgets for Release Group III:
Fruit
Emerson_Oct Sarmi_Oct Acong_Oct Noel_Oct
Mona_Oct
Oct 2013
(Fig.5a)Group III:
Use of strata
of Release
100%
Oct
2013
Use of strata
of Release
Group(Fig.5c)
III: Oct 2013 (Fig.5c)
90%
100%
80%
90%
70%
80%
60%
70%
50%
60%
50%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Other
Rest
Travel
> 10 m
Feed
5-10 m
<5m
0
Emerson_Oct Sarmi_Oct
Acong_Oct
Noel_Oct
Mona_Oct
17
Yayang and Sayang
The natural behaviours displayed by these three
orangutans are not altogether surprising given that all
spent significant periods on natural pre-release islands.
Diah adapted well on Palas Island and Yayang delivered
her daughter on Kaja Island. Both Palas and Kaja Islands
are two of the final pre-release islands we manage in
Central Kalimantan and these serve as the final stage of
learning for orangutans who have graduated from the
Forest School.
Diah
Cross-Province
RELEASE
18
December 2013 was another milestone for the BOS
Foundation and PT. RHOI. DNA test results showed that
several orangutans cared for within our Rehabilitation Center
in Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan were not of the subspecies Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, but Pongo pygmaeus
morio which naturally occurs in East Kalimantan. Their life
histories also showed that they were not confiscated from
Central Kalimantan (Table 1). We are committed to ensuring
we follow national and international (IUCN) guidelines
for orangutan reintroduction one of which is to ensure
orangutans are reintroduced into their subspecies range.
Clearly in cases like this, substantial costs are incurred to
transport orangutans between provinces and sometimes
even islands within Indonesia.
Female Yayang and her daughter Sayang and
companion female Diah were all released by the
Lesik River, 1.5 km from Gunung Belah River.
Observation results immediately post-release
show that they adapted well in terms of balanced
feeding, mobility and activity budgets. This
was also reflected in their food choice where
fruit formed the main bulk of their diet, but was
supplemented with leaves, bark and flowers. The
majority of activities were recorded above ground
especially for Yayang and Sayang who preferred
to stay in the trees. Diah spent more time on the
ground especially when being observed (Fig 6a,
b, c).
19
Activitiy Budgets of Cross-Province
Release Group: Dec 2013 (Fig.6a)
Activity Budgets of Diah vs Berlian
(Fig.7a)
Activitiy Budgets of Cross-Province Release Group: Dec 2013 (Fig.6a)
Activity Budgets of Diah vs Berlian (Fig.7a)
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
70%
70%
60%
Other
60%
Other
50%
Rest
50%
Rest
40%
Travel
40%
Move
30%
Feed
30%
Feed
20%
20%
10%
10%
DietYayang_Dec
composition
of Cross-Province
Sayang_Dec
Diah_Dec
Release Group: Dec 2013 (Fig.6b)
0%
Diet composition of Cross-Province Release Group: Dec 2013 (Fig.6b)
100%
0%
Diah_rehab_Kaja Island (n=13)
Berlian_rehab Samboja (n=14)
Diet composition of Diah vs Berlian
(Fig.7b)
Diet composition of Diah vs Berlian (Fig.7b)
90%
100%
80%
Other
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
90%
Insect
80%
Pith
70%
Bark
60%
Leaves
50%
Flower
40%
Fruit
10%
Other
Insect
Pith
Bark
Leaves
30%
Flower
Use
0% of strata of Cross-Province Release
Yayang
Sayang
Diah
Group: Dec 2013 (Fig.6c)
20%
100%
Use of strata of Diah vs Berlian (Fig.7c)
0%
Use of strata of Cross-Province Release Group: Dec 2013 (Fig.6c)
90%
Fruit
10%
80%
Use of strata of Diah vs Berlian (Fig.7c)
70%
100%
60%
> 10 m
50%
5-10 m
40%
<5m
30%
0
20%
10%
0%
Yayang_Dec
Sayang_Dec
Diah_Dec
90%
80%
70%
60%
> 10 m
50%
5-10 m
40%
<5m
30%
0m
20%
10%
Data from our first cross-province orangutan release provides us with a comparison of our Rehabilitation
Center facilities in Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. Natural pre-release islands have only so far been
available to us in Central Kalimantan (Nyaru Menteng) whilst at Samboja Lestari the final process finishes in
Forest School. Although a larger dataset is required we compared the post monitoring results from the first
month after the release of female Diah (from Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan) and female Berlian (from
Samboja Lestari, East Kalimantan) (Fig. 7a, b, c).
20
0%
21
Less variation in Diah’s activities compared to those of
Berlian’s, especially in feeding, were probably related
to Diah’s adaptation period to the food variety in East
Kalimantan. There were also other likely factors such
as fatigue after travel, however based on the same
comparison, Diah and Yayang (and Sayang) had the
same patterns. In terms of food choice, Diah showed
similar patterns to Berlian, even though Diah chose to
eat more flowers and Berlian the other way around.
For activities above ground, Berlian adapted faster
and undertook more activities in the trees, while Diah
spent more time on the ground especially during
observations. The comparison results show that both
have undergone adequate field education during the
release preparation period, however we acknowledge
that this is likely to be extremely variable within each
of our orangutans depending on the final part of their
rehabilitation phase.
Top: Diah ; bottom: Diah’s nest
Cross Province Transport
for Further Rehabilitation
During 2013, DNA results also confirmed that 5 of our orangutans cared for within Samboja
Lestari were of the subspecies Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii which naturally occurs in Central
Kalimantan. Hence in November 2013, we transported these individuals to our facility in Central
Kalimantan (Nyaru Menteng) for further rehabilitation on our natural pre-release islands prior to
their eventual release into the Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest.
22
23
Borneo Orangutan
Survival Foundation
Jalan Papandayan No. 10, Bogor 16151,
Indonesia
P: +62 (0)251 831 4468 / 831 4469
F: +62 (0)251 832 3142
Email : yayasanbos@orangutan.or.id
Website : www.orangutan.or.id
Yayasan Penyelamatan Orangutan Borneo
t @bornean_OU
PT Restorasi Habitat
Orangutan Indonesia
Jalan Kumbang 31, Bogor, 16128
West Java, Indonesia
P: +62 (0)251 832 5723
F: +62 (0)251 832 1847
Email : yayasanbos@orangutan.or.id
Website : www.theforestforever.com
Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia
t @orangutanku
24

- The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation

Transcription

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