B2 all cloze, wrd trans - B2

!
!
!
!
B2!!!P.!Filippetto!!
!
cloze!&!word!transformation!
!
handout!no.!3!
Don't forget your hat
An important point to remember if you like spending time out in the (0) .. air is
that the human head doesn't work very well outdoors if it becomes too hot, cold
or wet. That's why a hat is a good investment, wherever you're planning to go out
and (1) . .. .. . . Surprisingly, a single waterproof hat with a brim will do the (2) . '.. ..
adequately in most conditions
ln cold climates, the problem is that the head is (3) ...... heat all the time. As (4)
as fifty to sixty percent of your body's heat is lost through the head and neck, (5) .
on which scientist you believe. Clearly this heat loss needs to be prevented, but it's
important to remember that hats don't actually (6) ...... you warm, they simply stop
heat escaping.
Just as important is the need to protect your neck from the effects of (7) '.. ..
sunlight, and the brim of your hatwill do this. lf you prefera baseball cap, (8) ......
buying one that has a drop down 'tail' at the back to stop your neck (9) ...... sunburnt.
And in wet weather (10) ...... , hats are often more practical than pulling up the hood
of your waterproof coat because when you (11) . . . . . . your head, the hat goes with
you, (121 ...... the hood usually does not.
Don’t&forget&your&hat&
&
open&& &
&clear!
!
around!
much! !
depending!
long! !
task!!
bright! !
whereas!
occasions!
getting!!
!
!
giving!away! !
!suffering!
stay!
switch!!
!
!
suggest!
!
sending!out! !
conditions!
!
job!
turn! !
!
sharp! !
rather!than! !
about! !
regarding!
consider!
keep! !
Penguins on the move
(0)
For years, the penguins at San Francisco Zoo were happy
.. their lives. They
go
used to
for the occasional swim during the summer, but spent the winter resting in
their burrows
- only coming
(13)
.. ..
.. at mealtimes when fish was provided for them.
Then one day, six new penguins, (14) ...... had been entertaining the visitors at a
theme park in San Diego, arrived to share the pool. These new arrivals immediately
dived in to show off their swimming skills. Ever (15) .. .. . that moment the pool has
been alive with fiftytwo birds swimming around nonstop, (16)
on a long journey.
..
.... if they were going
...... I know a lot about penguins,'said one zookeeper,'l don't know (18) ......
to explain this. lt's (19) .... watching fifty-two tuxedos going round in a washing
'(171
machine!'
. .... , think they may have the answer. Apparently, penguins are very
socialand inquisitive birds, and (21) ...... new individuals join a group, they always
Scientists, (20)
create a lot of interest.
ln the wild, penguins of this type typically swim thousands of miles each year
(22) ...... search of food, and it (23) ...... thought that the behaviour of the
newcomers may (24) ...... reawakened the migratory instinct in the San Francisco
birds. This has certainly made them firm favourites with visitors to the zoo.
The sky at night
For anyone with a
(0)
.. for the study of the night
sky,
FASCINATE
Hawaii is one of the best places in the world to get a clear view
of the stars and planets. This is because of the island's geographical
setting. Because it is a (25) ...... area, situated in the middle
of
MOUNTAIN
a large expanse of ocean, Hawaii is much less affected by light
(26) ...... than most other parts of the
world.
lf you are (27) ...... enough to go to the top of the dormant
known as Mauna Kea, the view is even more
POLLUTE
volcano
(28) .... . The
the
best places in the world to get (30) .... views of the night sky
volcano, which rises to a (29) ...... of 4205 metres is one of
FORTUNE
IMPRESS
HIGH
INTERRUPT
and therefore is the location for more than a dozen of the
world's finest telescopes.
Of special significance is the WM Keck Observatory where there
recent
for the (32)
are a pairof extremely large and (31) ...... telescopes. ln
POWER
years these telescopes have been responsible
DISCOVER
of around forty new planets beyond our solar system. By proving
the
planet like our own
the (33) ...... of these planets, astronomers have increased
EXIST
(34) . .... that one day another inhabited
PROBABLE
will be found.
Boots for Africa
Sheffield Football Club was (0) ... one-hundred-and-fifty years ago, and is the
oldest in the world. As part of its anniversary celebrations, the club has (1) ... ..
forces with the world's largest express transportation company, FedEx Express, in a
charitable scheme (2) ...... as Boofs forAfrica. The (3) .'.... of the scheme is to send
more than two thousand pairs of used football boots to South Africa. The boots will
.
be given to young people living in remote rural areas who are
the sport and (5) ...... up local teams'
(4)
.'
in taking up
Sports organisations in Africa are giving their (6) ...... support to the scheme
which will help make the game more accessible to thousands of young people and
.. on the country's performance in future World Cup
could have a beneficial (7)
.
championships.
(8)...... , being
asked to donate anyfootball boots, astro
boots or football trainers of any size to the scheme. All the boots donated must be
in good (9). . .. , completewith lacesand studs. Local businessesand schools
who may be able to donate more than one pair of boots can receive a special
People in Sheffield are,
'group donation pack'. This pack (10) ...... posters and leaflets, which can be used
to publicise the scheme, plus collection bags to encourage people to (11) ...... a
donation. The club's website has (12) ...... information about the scheme.
An influential cook
Delia Smith is one of the
(0)
.. widely respected cookery writers in Britain. She has
made regular appearances in television cookery programmes (13) .. ... . over thirty
years, and more than ten million copies of her cookery books have (14) ...... sold.
Delia always says that her realskill is communication
(15) ..... than cooking. lndeed
she had no formal cookery training (16) .... she began writing on the subject in a
daily newspaper in 1969. Delia writes simple step-by-step recipes (17) ...... even
inexperienced cooks can follow. What's (18) ...... her recipes are tried-andtested,
Delia has made them successfully
(19) .... least twenty
times before they appear
on television or in one of her books.
Because people trust Delia's recipes, they tend to take her advice (20) .... large
numbers. ln 1998, after Delia presented three programmes devoted (21) ...... the
cooking of eggs, sales of eggs in Britain increased by fifty-four million. Similarly, sales
of cranberries increased by thirty percent after Delia included (22) ...... of the little
red berries in a recipe for cooking roast duck. ln supermarkets across the country,
shoppers were demanding cranberries, (23) ...... unfortunately there were none left
to buy.
Cooking is not Delia's only interest, (241
...... . She is also a director of her local
football club, where she runs a restaurant at the ground.
Young artists on disPlaY
The road to Elgol on the lsle of Skye provides one of the most
(0)
..
.. and beautifuljourneys in Scotland. lt was an
SPECTACLE
(25) ...... clear and lovely day when I travelled there to see
SPECIAL
an (26) ...... of paintings by local primary school children'
EXHIBIT
t]
r'
]:
tne e7) ......
designed school overlooks the sea, just next to
TRADITION
the little harbour from which fishermen and boatloads of
(28) ..... set out. From the playground the children have
TOUR
(29) ...... views of the nearby Cuillin Mountains and the
WONDER
gigantic cliffs along the seashore.
That the children take (30) ...... in their local environment is
PROUD
evident in their art work. I saw some very fine landscapes
on display, and in the booklet of artists' profiles produced
to (31) ...... the show, several of the young artists expressed
COMPANY
their interest in either the local landscape or the sea. Each
child had chosen a (321 ...... piece to be framed, and these
FAVOUR
made a very (33) ...... display. Not surprisingly, all the
EFFECT
framed paintings were soon bought by (3a) ...... visitors
ENTHUSIAST
to the school.
COFFEE CULTURE
l(0) ..... into the bank. lsat in a soft armchair
and watched the world (1) , which, in this case, was the (2) for the services of the
bank clerks. l'm joking, of course, but this could soon be common in banks in big cities.
The other day lwanted a cup of coffee, so
Ihe (3) ..... for'real coffee'in Britain. likethatfor mobile phones, seems never-ending.
However, the (a) ..... is that the attraction for many British people (5) ..... not so much in
the coffee as in the 'coffee culture' that surrounds it. This is to do with big, soft sofas and
the idea that if you sit on one, you too can (6) ..... the actors in the American TV comedy
Friends.
ln London, the first caf6 opened in 1652. Men would (7) there, often at (8) ..... times
during the day, to (9) ..... news and gossip. discuss (10) of the day and (11) .....
business. The caf6s acted as offices and shops in which merchants and agents, clerks and
bankers could carry out their ('lZ1 . ....
.
ln London today it is (13) ..... that there are more than 2000 caf€'s and the number
(1a1
is
. lt won't be long before coffee is sold everywhere. You can already buy it in
hospitals. motorway service stations, supermarkets and at tourist (15) throughout
the country.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A fly past
A queue
Ademand
Asense
Aleans
Abe
Abring
Aregular
Agive
Athoughts
Amake
Atrading
Aestimated
Araising
Ascenes
B
B
B
B
B
go by
line
development
suspect
lies
Bfeel
Bfetch
Bright
B exchange
B issues
B perform
B transactions
Bguessed
B
B
growing
points
C pass on
C wait
C claim
C suspicion
C occupies
C join
C take
C correct
C offer
C feelings
Cdo
C information
C taken
C succeeding
C attractions
D walk along
D search
D supply
D style
D rests
D contact
D gather
D perfect
D establish
D circumstances
D form
D works
D told
D remaining
D matters
SPORTS TOURISM
Hundreds of thousands of fans travel worldwide to watch (0) . .. . ..Qhe]f ..... '. favourite
sport an international match, a tennis championship, a Formula One Grand Prix.
-
ln recent years (16)
... has been a huge increase in sports tourism.
... in an armchair to
(17) .
longer are people content to (18)
watch their teams or sporting stars on television. They want to be (19)
... they pack their bags and head straight for the airport.
the action is, (20)
(21)
(ZZ, ..
(23)
(24)
... to the usual sporting events, the Olympic Games are held
. . . . . . . . four years. The Olympics may only last a couple of weeks, but
affect the host city for several years before. New facilities
to be built, not just for the Games themselves (25)
.. come to stay. The
also for the thousands of international visitors (26) .
... many visitors choose to
effects are also felt outside the host city (27)
(28)
a lasting effect on tourism
this
and
region,
the
surrounding
explore
Games were held
(29)
Olympic
1992
...
the
in the country. For example,
(30)
.". an extremely populartourist
in Barcelona, in Spain, the city has
ln
destination.
VOICES FOUNDATION
Voices Foundation is a music education (o)Q.r.441i.?ALio..4 . tts founder,
Susan Digby, believes
(56)
...... that learning to sing is the
to introduce children to music. 'Playing a (57)
...... of children who begin
instrument is difficult, and the (58) ...
best way
.
ORGANISE
PASSION
MUSIC
MAJOR
usually give up, but everyone has a voice,' she says.
Digby s
(SS1
...
... for the Foundation came when she was
INSPIRE
travelling in Hungary. 'People there believe that a child's
...
a (61) .
(62)
(60)
...... benefits from music education, and it
........ effect on other skills,
has
SIGNIFY
like
...... and linguistic skills. Music education provides a
...... and listening
training which extends children's (63)
powers.' Digby believes that if children get
(64)
......... from
singing, they are more likely to learn an instrument (65)
when they are older.
DEVELOP
.
MATHEMATICS
COMMUNICATE
ENJOY
WILL
PAPER
3 Use of English Paft I
For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Mark your answers on the separate answef sheet.
Example:
0 A common
B frequent
G general
D
routine
The sticking plaster
Nowadays, one of the most (0) ..... items found in the home is the sticking plaster.
Protecting a cut by covering the affected area with a piece of matedal that sticks to the skin may
seem a rather (1).....idea, so it is perhaps surprising to learn that the plaster was not (2) ..... until
about ninety years ago.
The person who thought (3) .....the idea was Earle Dickson, an employee of the Johnson &
Johnson company. Concerned that his wife Josephine sometimes (4)..... accidents while cooking
and doing other jobs, he used pieces of cotton material placed inside strips of sticky tape to
cover her injuries. This prevented dirt getting into the (5) .....and protected it from furlher harm
as she did the (6).....
.
Dickson's boss was impressed, so in 1921 Johnson & Johnson put the new sticking plaster into
(7).....under the brand name Band-Aid. Sales at first were slow, but somebody at the company
came up with the (8) ..... idea of giving free plasters to the Boy Scouts. This created publicity
and from then (9)..... it became a commercial success. Dickson was (10)..... within the company,
eventually becoming a senior executive.
Although the basic design of the sticking plaster has remained similar to the (11) ..... , there have
been many developments in the materials used and it is now (121 ..... in a variety of shapes, sizes
and colours. Total worldwide sales are believed to have exceeded 100 billion.
116 I
Test 3
Use of English Part
1
I A clear
B
evident
C
plain
D
obvious
2 A realised
B
imagined
G
invented
D
dreamt
3 Aup
B
over
Cin
D
forward
4Adid
B
had
C
made
D took
5 A wound
B
damage
C
breakage
D
tear
6 A homework
B
household
C
housework
D
homecoming
7 A creation
B
formation
C
production
D
construction
8 A keen
B
bright
C
eager
D
shining
9 A after
Bto
C
since
Don
10 A
raised
B
lifted
G
advanced
D
promoted
11 A
model
B
original
C
sample
D
standard
12 A
available
B
achievable
C
accessible
D
attainable
Use of English
i
L-
Part I
Test
3 I ttl
Use of English Paft 2
gap'
For question s 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
(0).
beginning
the
at
gap.
is
an
example
There
Use only one word in each
Write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example:
tr
I
N
Diving in the Red Sea
The Red Sea coast of Egypt is surely one of the best places (0) ....iL.... the world to go underwater
diving. lts hot sunny climate and clear warm water make it the ideal place for beginners as
(13) ............as for experienced divers, at any time of the year'
Q,fi,
(14) ............over fifty diving centres in the area, many iJifferent types of diving are possible. At
centres for complete beginners there are training courses (15)............inc|ude simple dives with
them used to being underwater and teach some
a qualified instructor. These dives (16)
basic skills (17)............as swimming and breathing below the sudace.
More experienced divers can choose (18)............a vast range of possible activities and many of
these can be enjoyed (19) ............as paft of a group or, if they prefer, alone. Some like to explore
the coast of the National Park, where the steep cliffs extend underwater to a depth (20) ....'...'..'
kind it is advisable to be accompanied by a
more than seventy metres. For dives of (21)
of the strong currents which can suddenly change direction.
guide, on (221
For really advanced divers, there are some fascinating wrecks at
(23)
bottom of the Red
visits to these old ships require quite long boat trips, it is well worlh going just
to see the huge variety of beautiful plants and fish down there.
Sea.
(24)
118 I
Test3
Use of English
Patt2
Test 3
Use of English Part 3
For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines
to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example:
s
|^0J
U
R
P R
1 S
1 N G L Y
Hot-air balloons
Riding in a hot-air balloon is a (0) ®ySPX!?}!}8z. calm and peaceful experience,
quite (25)
any other form of flying. With no engines to provide
power, a balloon depends (26)
any direction. (27)
on the winds around it to move in
, the maximum speed is normally around
SURPRISE
LIKE
ENTIRE
CONSEQUENCE
15 kilometres per hour.
This kind of balloon is based on the simple (28)
the (29)
a large (30)
principle that
of hot air is less than that of cold air. It is not, however,
, as a cubic metre of hot air is only about 250
SCIENCE
WEIGH
DIFFERENT
grams lighter than the same amount of cold air. This means it takes
(31)
ROUGH
four cubic metres of hot air just to lift one kilo, which
explains why balloons that carry people have to be so enormous.
A gas burner is used to (32)
the air inside the balloon, causing it
to rise. To go up more slowly, or to make a (33)
hot air is
?*>
HOT
DESCEND
released from the top of the balloon. The fact that the wind blows in
different directions at different heights (34)
the pilot to steer the
ABLE
balloon left or right by moving it to higher or lower positions in the sky.
Use of English Part 3
TestS
I
119
The importance of drawing
ln the nineteenth century, John Ruskin, an English writer and art critic, made great efforts to
people to
(0)
...
draw. He believed that drawing was a skill that was greatly neglected in schools and
(1)..... that it was more important to the human
(2)
than wrjting.
ln order to do something to improve the (3)..... , he published two books on drawing and gave
a
series of lectures at the Working lvlen's College in London. His books were (4) ..... read, and his
lectures (5)
...
large audiences. This further
(5)
. Ruskin's belief that everybody should be given
the opportunity to learn how to draw.
Ruskin's efforts were not (7) ..... at turning people into good artists but at making them happier. For
him, drawings were of value even when they were done by people with no talent, as drawing teaches
people to (8) ..... things rather than just to see them. He felt that when we are involved in the process
of drawing something, we have to look at it very (9) ... . and become aware of the different parts
which (10) .... up the whole. It is in this way that we (11)
of the thing itself.
..
to a deeper appreciation and (12) ....
Mountain climbing
The wodd's highest mountains are to (0).......... found in the Himalayan and Karakoram ranges,
fourteen of them are more than 8,000 metres high. Some of the routes up these mountains are not in
themselves very difficult, but ('13) .......... makes climbing them hard is the high altitude. This leadsto
tiredness and the need to stop and set up camp more often. This means the climb takes longer and
that,
(14)
turn, means the climbers risk encountering difficult weather conditions
Before climbing became a sport, people had only climbed above 5,000 metres (15).......... hunting
and trade purposes, but nobody had spent any length of
(16)....
above that height. At
(17)......
an altitude, breathing becomes difiicult. (18).......... the body can, to a certain extent,
(19)...
used to the thinner air, (20) .......... are still many dangers, not least surviving in
extremely cold, windy conditions.
Yet, in spite of the dangers involved, (21) .......... thing is clear
-
there has never
(22)
a
shortage of people prepared to take up the challenge. The fascination with climbing the world's
highest mountain is summed up bythe climber, George lvlallory. When asked (23) ........... he wanted
to climb lMount Everest, he is supposed to (241 .......... replied, 'Because it's there.'
lntroduction to a mail-order catalogue
To select products for (0) ..... in our catalogue, we collect information from a
INCLUDE
wide (25) ...... of sources We consult people who have recognised technical
VARY
expertjse and study reports that appear in relevant publications. We then ask
an independent panel of testers for their (26) ......
is not enough to take account (27)
.
.
However, we realise that it
JUDGE
of the opinions of experts and so we
SIMPLE
make a point ofalso asking ordinary (28) ...... what they think
CONSUME
As soon as this process is complete, we (29) ...... analyse all the information on
CARE
thousands of products so that we can identify the ones which, it is our (30)
..
.
...
,
qualjfy as bejng the best of their type in terms of design, functjon, (31) ... .. . and
BELIEVE
PERFORM
value for money.
We are therefore confident that our catalogue contains totally (32)......
RELY
information and that it consists only of (33) ...... products that we feel you will
EXCEPT
want to order. However, if for any reason you are at all (34) ... ... with a product
HAPPY
you have ordered from us, do remember that every purchase carries a moneyback guarantee.
CIRCUS CHILDREN
When the Moscow State Circus (0) on its annual tour of Europe, the younger members
of the circus are still expected to (1) ..... with their education. The circus usually (2) ..... for
a few days in each town, so how do the young performers manage?
One twelve-year-old gets up at the crack of (3) ..... to practise her act before (4) ..... off to
school. She returns at lunchtime to her family's caravan and more practice. Not only does
she work (5) ....., but she also has to make a whole new (6) ..... of friends each time she
moves on. 'lt's exhausting work but I like the circus (7) .....,'she says. 'The worst (8) ..... is
when I make new friends and have to leave them, although I try to (9) ..... by letter.'
The Russian who runs the circus makes (10) that allthe children get a proper
education. When the circus first arrives in Britain, he (11) ..... the traveller education service
and gives them the (12) of all the children. and when they will be in certain towns and
cities. 'lts a fantastic (13) ,' he says. 'l receive a (14) ..... when we reach the next town
telling us where to meet. We are then accompanied to the school and introduced to the
head teacher. lt works like (15) ..... .'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
progress
slows
dawn
following
strict
form
life
section
keep in view
sure
connects
facts
system
sign
lightning
B maintain
B stops
B morning
B leaving
B difficult
B gathering
B
way
B piece
B keep in touch
B def inite
B notices
B details
B habit
B signal
B clockwork
continue
places
day
heading
strong
set
living
part
keep in line
important
reaches
quantities
plan
message
new
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
f
urther
moves
light
directing
hard
collection
type
side
keep in mind
time
contacts
demands
order
word
wildfire
PETER BENCHLEY LIKES SHARKS
Peter Benchley, the author (0) ..y.4p...... wrote the novel/arazs, thinks it may be partly
hisfaultthat people don't like sharks. The movie. (16) ...
...... on his book, involved
a terrifying monster fish (17)
main purpose was to attack anyone
(18)
...... everyone in the ocean.
ln (19)
sharks kill approximately 12 people a year. ln (20) ..:......
people kill millions of sharks every year and (21)
to 90 per cent of great
white sharks have been (221 ..
...... out. Peter Benchley admits, 'l created
something that doesn't exist-' He hopes to set (23)
record straight with a
new documentary film he has made. The film focuses (24)
...... some of the
more attractive aspects of great white sharks. For (25)
one extremely brave
diver demonstrates that when you touch a shark on the nose, (26)
......... goes
very still.
Benchley grew up in Massachusetts in the US and (27)
a large part of his
childhood swimming in the ocean. He got the idea for Jaws (28) ...
.,.... a
newspaper article about a man who caught a shark which (29)
......... about
2,000 kilos. When the movie was made, Benchley had the opportunity to appear
(30)
...... an actor, playing the reporter on the beach just before the shark
attacks for the first time.
Rocky road
We
{O)
. lhe specal lraln at Vancouver Railway station at 7am. lhe b€glnning ol our tour
lhrcugh the hean or canada's Rocky Mountains, and soon @ wee on
around,
(2).........
..
.
The(3).....
(5).....
(6).....
Thisacllvlywas(7)........
places or interesl
Wo rollo@d lhe (8)..
onthelrainwasoneorexclemant ll
...
, but the train slowed dow. ror piclure-lakins wheneler we
by an inteEsling commentary rion
or lho Fraser River and as th€ moming aent (9)....
beqan to disappearandwe could see the cou.lryslde n
....
semiiesed before we
€ne
inlo tarnins country Every so
(11). ..
,
ourlolr
, rhe clouds
allitsolory lwas suPrised bylhe
in th6la.dscape The ich g@en or the mounlains surounding tho rvervaley was
lesl
rooked
.. . befoE I was chatlins to fellow passengeB. .s we enroyed a delicious b€akfatt
We moved arons at a good
going
I
how spacious the cadages we€. and lhen @lked down lo the @aroflh€ lEin,
wheG rfound a cadagewilh huse windows.
was nor (4)
or (r)
changos
(10)... .
bv
wo passed a i€ight lran
b€fo€ iinally aniving at our d*linalion oi Kanloops. lt had boen a
(12)
.
c
D
c
c
c
B
l1
D
Tennis
The oiigln oflennb.like m.nyspods {0)......... ganes, is something
oia myslery. one
sussesuon,
lhstsloneAgepeopleusedclubslohil.ockslo{13)..... .. other, seems rather inprcbable Amlch
(14) ......... r€alistic theory isthallenns came ffom ha.dball. AversionofthlswaspLayedinAfcient
Egypr. ard {15).. ....... is
a.
Egyptian iown called IDr,s, {16) ......... some peopre believe is ihe
o.lgin otlhe name'lennis. similarly, the
AEbic wod
6rat
lem tacquef
which meaB 'palm of lhe hand
is lhoughl
{17)
.
.. have come
ton
lhe
.
However, {13) .......... was in Euope rhar rhe game
(19)
... it ls kn@n today really $aned. ln
lhe lwelth centurv, the qahe was played by men who hi! a ball against a wall lsing .othing
(20) .......... iheir bare hands. L€ter, a leather glove @s used. and lhen awooden handre was lired
lo
I
making lhe frct tennis
dcquet The balls changed too, {21).......... soid
wood lo much softer
ln some.ounhes, (22).......... as Fran@, Ue sam€ was li'st taken up by rcyally bul soon becamo
(23)
wondwide. Somelhinq thal was once the paslime ot knqs (2r)
popular wilh odinary
people Today, tennis is capable
....
captivai ng millions ot fans
becomeaspodforusall
The computer keyboard
Erpenenced typisls
€n
lype very tust and (0).......... , bul evei
they
EFF|C|ENT
would probably agree thal the keyboard of lodays @mpule.! makes
lhejob ot lea.nins lo rype.alhe. ditli.llt, io saylhe easl
ln lhe
English speaking
world lne so-called OWERTY keyboard,
famedaiierlhefrstsixl6(e6onthetopline isthemoslcommon. At
iGl (2s). ........ , lhis keyboad
looks lnrecessa.tty compticared
[s
sEE
curious layoui is based on thal ol lhe mechanica iypew.iteE which
wero used beiore @mplle6 were introduced The
li6l slch
(26)
..
...
otthe
tNvENT
nachine was Chnsiopher Shoes, a newspaper edilor. On
in
(23) ....... order But I soon became evidern to the user or this
machine thal such a system had a biq (29) ..... whef a lyptst
his (27)....
.... lhe keys were aranged
worked at high speed
-
more simply and tosi€tty,
the melal baF atlached
b
(30).
..
ATPHABET
ADVANTAGE
lho keys became
probem
wa. to Elocate the most(31)... .. used keys as tara@y lrom e.ch
olher as possible. This led io a (32) ...... in lyping speed and
enra.gred wilh one anolher. The obvious
CREAIE
. ro rhis
lessenedthe(33).........ofrh6baBqettingcauqhtoneacholhe.
Younse. people who have grcwn up w(h compulers are (34)
thal they no onger lace lhe prcblem ofunlanqling typewriter keys
soLvE
FREOUENCY
REOUCE
pOSS|BLE
MUSIC
- A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE
Music is universal- it is (0) ..... by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came
before speech and (1) ..... as a development of mating calls. ln fact, there is (2) ..... theory
that the (3) languages were chanted or sung rather than spoken. lndeed, in some
cultures, music is a form of (a) .... history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use
music as a means to (5) ..... on stories of the land and spirits to the next (6) ..... .
New evidence suggests that music does not just (7) ..... the feel-good factor but it is also
good for the brain. A study of intellectually (8) ..... children showed that they could recall
more (9) ..... after rt was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story.
Researchers also report that people (10) better on a standard intelligence (11) ..... after
listening to Mozart. The so-called'Mozart effect'. has also been (12) ..... by findings that
rats (13) ..... up on Mozart run fasterthrough a complex network of paths or passages,
(14) as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any
form of mental (15) benefit from listening to music.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Awas
Aone
A earliest
A enjoying
A move
A children
A convince
A disabled
A facts
A examine
A form
A supported
A held
A called
A badness
B swelled
B every
B newest
B making
B pass
B people
B satisfy
B inactive
B knowledge
B prepare
B scheme
B given
B brought
B heard
B hurt
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
reacted
such
easiest
recording
hand
tribe
please
rncapable
memory
score
demonstration
marked
stood
regarded
illness
D arose
D that
D simplest
D stating
D happen
D generation
D prefer
D disordered
D information
D achieve
D test
D remembered
D set
D known
D pain
FOLLOW YOUR NOSE
Yet
Of the f ive senses, smell is probably the (0) . .....Qna.. .. . . . that you value the least.
outside
the
and
.."'. the brain
your sense of smell is the most direct link (16) ...
(18)
the nose and
smellto
for
a
seconds
(17)
two
.......
..
world. lt
Exactly
memories.
and
emotions
(19)
......
controls
...
travelto the part of the brain
is
however,
your
emotions,
(20)
.....' your sense of smell influences
(21)
...... f ullY understood'
(22)
Nevertheless, a sense of smell can even influence your relationships
your
nose, not your eyes
through
in love
other people. Apparently, you
(23)
(24)
or your ears. Moreover, people tend to smell of what they eat and
also influence what people think of you.
...
..'...
can
...... said they were more
ln one famous study, 84 per cent of people taking (25)
(25) ......
. to buy a particular brand of trainers, when they (211 "
...... to
placed in a room smelling of flowers. This kind of knowledge can be (28)
and could
influence people's spending habits at a sub-conscious (29)
cars'
to
clothing
from
all sorts of things
obviously be useful in (30)
RECOGNISING
A LIAR
the
(56)
...... to recognise whether or not someone is telling the
(57) ...
......, or is about to break bad news has more to do with
science than a magical (58)
...... sense.
Recent research has led many (0)
99.ign!)9bg. to believe that
sctENcE
ABLE
TRUE
SIX
The human body and brain subconsciously pick up signals so small that
they would not
(60)
(6t1 ..
(59)
be noticed. lf someone is telling
lies,
their body language is slightly
for
which
may include a bead of sweat or a slight (521
...... in tone
of voice. Upon the (53) ...
....... that the person has been lying,
...... . The brain
picks up on these changes,
NORMAL
TNSTANT
DTFFER
ALTER
REALTSE
the brain has a 'told you so' sensation. Scientists argue that people
should trust their own
(64)
willtellthem if a person
is (55)
reactions
........ and not to be trusted.
; their instinctive
.
JUDGE
RELY
ORESUND BRIDGE
lmagine driving along a bridge that is so long that you can't even (0) ..... the other end.
The @resund Bridge, one of the (1) ..... bridges in the world, (2)
so far ahead into the
(3)..... that you can't even tellwhere the blue of the water (4) ... the blue of the sky.
.
The @resund Bridge is an amazing example of modern engineering design that (5) ..... the
Scandinavian countries of Denmark and Sweden. lt is 8 kilometres long and was (6) ..... in
July 2000. lt crosses the Flinte Channel, the chilly waterway (7) ..... the two countries.
At one stage the bridge turns (8) ..... a tunnel under the sea. This tunnel is also a (9) .....
breaker in its own right as it is the longest road and rail tunnel in the world. The engineers
built an artificial island near the Danish coast that (10) to support part of the bridge
(11) , as well as being the point at which the road disappears ('12) , before coming
out in Copenhagen. the capital of Denmark.
The bridge. which was built (13) ..... by the two countries, is expected to bring huge
advantages. lt will (1a) ..... time compared to traditionalferry connections, as well as being
of (15) ..... to the economy of both countries.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
longest
travels
space
comes
links
done
splitting
down
performance
helps
scheme
down
commonly
save
good
B furthest
B leans
B distance
B meets
B contacts
B ended
B cutting
B into
B world
B aids
B plan
B underground
B doubly
B spare
B benefit
C deepest
C stretches
C horizon
C lines
C holds
C brought
C breaking
C out
C record
C attempts
C structure
C below
C similarly
C spend
C quality
D hardest
D pulls
D range
D starts
D relates
D completed
D separating
D back
D account
D tries
D form
D underneath
D jointly
D spread
D comfort
ARTIST DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
Patti Wilkins is (0) .........4.1......... Artist Development Manager. She specialises in pop
......... a
.. for managing the production (17)
music and is (16)
pop srngers new single or album and
... that it involves.
.
(18)
...
She is the person who selects the songs for the album, the photographs for publicity
purposes, who shoots the video and chooses the clothes the singer (19)
typical day she will meet the people designing the
for that video. ln
artwork for the album, the singer's manager, journalists and marketing managers.
(20)
...
..
(23)
the week she will have to listen to the hundreds of tapes that are
to the record company by singers and bands hoping to
famous one day. She needs to understand (24)
... to spot
makes a good pop band and atthe same time hasto be (25)
... of working long hours she feels it is
star potential. ln (26)
(27)
it when a song finally gets into the pop charts.
(21)
(22)
pop magazines
(30)
...
music industry.
(28)
... work experience and editing
... well as taking a business course. ln that way she
out how to go about marketing and selling in the highly competitive
She learnt about the pop industry by
(29)
ABORIGINAL STORIES
Australian Aborigines are famous for their
(0) ... Q\9jtryq....
stories,
...
.
which are read not from a text but from their (56)
EXctrE
These
SURROUND
and
, which make up their unique world view.
The stories. which are often very (59)
are told by pointing
TRADITION
THEATRE
out and walkrng along large tracks of land; it can be said, therefore. that
the (60)
.... of Aborigines are lived out as if in a giant natural
L|FE
storybook. lt is also
BELTEF
...
(58)
(57)
stories form the body of Aboriginal culture
(Ot)
way of creating its own (62) ........
When they talk about a place of (63)
that Aboriginal land has a strange
KNOW
PERSONAL
..
.. Aborigines say
that
IMPORTANT
the land has a gi that either likes you or makes you feer disturbed and
6A1
(65) ...
may even talk to you.
. ln fact, if you sit under a tree there is a
that it
is watching you, listening
to you and that
COMFORT
it
posstBlE
ANSWER'KEY'to'CLOZE'&'WORD'TRANSFORMATION'
'
handout'no.'3'
'
Don’t'forget'your'hat!
0.!!open!!1.!about!!2.!job!!3.!!giving!away!!4.!much!!5.!depending!!6.!keep!!7.!bright!!!
8.!consider!!9.!getting!!10.!conditions!!11.!turn!!12.!whereas!
!
Penguins'on'the'move!
0.!with!!13.!out!!14.!which!!15.!!since!!16.!as!!17.!Although!!18.!how!!19.!like!!20.!however!!
21.!when!!22!in!!23.!was!!24.!have!
!
The'sky'at'night!
0.!fascination!!25.!mountainous!!26.!pollution!!27.!fortunate!!28.!impressive!!29.!height!!
30.!uninterrupted!!31.!powerful!!32.!discovery!!33.!existence!!34.!probability!
!
Boots'for'Africa!
0.!founded/established/started/begun!!1.!joined!!2.!known!!3.!aim/objective/goal!!!
4.!interested!!5.!set!!6.!full!!7.!effect!!8.!however!!9.!condition!!!10.!of!!11.!make/give!!!
12.!further/more!
!
An'influential'cook!
0.!most!!13.!for!!14.!been!!15.!rather!!16.!when!!17.!that/which!!18.!more!!19.!at!!20.!in!!
21.!to!!22.!some!!23.!but/although/though!!24.!however!
!
Young'artists'on'display!
0.!spectacular!!25.!especially!!26.!exhibition!!27.!traditionally!!28.!tourists!!29.!wonderful!!
30.!pride!!31.!accompany!!32.!favourite!!33.!effective!!34!!enthusiastic!
!
Coffee'culture!
0.!!walked/went!!1.!go!by!!2.!queue!!3.!demand!!4.!suspicion!!5.!lies!!6.!join!!7.!gather!!!
8.!regular!!9.!exchange!!10.!issues!!11.!do!!12.!transactions!!13.!estimated!!14.!growing!!
15.!attractions!
!
Sports'tourism!
0.!their!!16.!there!!17.!No!!18.!sit!!19.!where!!20.!so!!21.!contrast!!22.!every!!23.!can/will!!
24.!have!!25.!but!!26.!who/that!!27.!when!!28.!has!!29.!since!!30.!been!
!
Voices'foundation!
0.!organisation!!56.!passionately!!57.!musical!!58.!majority!!59.!inspiration!!!
60.!development!!61.!significant!!62.!mathematical!!63.!communicative!!64.!enjoyment!!!
65.!willingly!
!
The'sticking'plaster!
0.!common!!1.!obvious!!2.!invented!!3.!up!!4.!had!!5.!wound!!6.!housework!!7.!production!!
8.!bright!!9.!on!!10.!promoted!!11.!original!!12.!available!!!
!
Diving'in'the'Red'Sea!
0.!in!!13.!well!!14.!With!!15.!which/that!!16.!make!!17.!such!!18.!from!!19.!both!!20.!of!!!
21.!any!!22.!account!!23!the!!24.!All/The!
HotOair'balloons!
0.!surisingly!!25.!unlike!!26.!entirely!!27.!Consequently!!28.!scientific!!29.!weight!!!
30.!difference!!31.!roughly!!32.!heating!!33.!descent!!34.!enable!
!
The'importance'of'drawing!
0.!teach/help!!1.!claimed/insisted!!2.!being!!3.!situation!!4.!widely!!5.!drew/attracted!!!
6.!reinforced/strengthened/deepened!!7.!aimed!!8.!observe!!9.!carefully!!10.!make!!!
11.!come!!12.!awareness!
!
Mountain'climbing!
0.!be!!1.!what!!14.!in!!15.!for!!16.!time!!17.!such!!18.!Although!!19.!get!!20.!there!!21.!one!!
22.!been!!23.!why!!24.!have!
!
Introduction'to'a'mailOorder'catalogue!
0.!inclusion!!25.!variety!!26.!judgement!!27.!simply!!28.!consumers!!29.!carefully!!!
30.!belief!!31.!performance!!32.!reliable!!33.!exceptional!!34.!unhappy!
!
Circus'children'
0.!goes!!1.!continue!!2.!stops!!3.!dawn!!4.!heading!!5.!hard!!6.!set!!7.!life!!8.!part!!!
9.!keep!in!touch!!10.!sure!!11.!contacts!!12.!!details!!13.!system!!14.!message!!!
15.!clockwork!
!
Peter'Benchley'likes'sharks!
0.!who!!16.!based!!17.!whose!!18.!and!!19.!reality!!20.!contrast!!21.!up!!22.!wiped!!23.!the!!
24.!on!!25.!example!!26.!it!!27.!spent!!28.!from!!29.!was/weighing!!30.!as!
!
Rocky'road!
0.!caught!!1.!way!!2.!appreciating!!3.!mood!!4.!long!!5.!rate!!6.!reached!!7.!accompanied!!!
8.!!course!!9.!on!!10.!followed!!11.!often!!12.!truly!
!
Tennis!
0.!and!!13.!each!!14.!more!!15.!that/it!!16.!which!!17.!to!!18.!it!!19.!as!!20.!but!!21.!from!!!
22.!such!!23.!of!!24.!has!
!
The'computer'keyboard!
0.!efficiently!!25.!sight!!26.!invention!!27.!creation!!28.!alphabetical!!29.!disadvantage!!!
30.!solution!!31.!frequently!!32.!reduction!!33.!possibility!!34.!fortunate!
!
Music'a'universal'language'
0.!practiced!!1.!arose!!2.!one!!3.!earliest!!4.!recording!!5.!pass!!6.!generation!!7.!satisfy!!!
8.!disabled!!9.!information!!10.!score!!11.!test!!12.!supported!!13.!brought!!14.!such!!!
15.!illness!
!
Follow'your'nose!
0.!one!!16.!to!!17.!takes!!18.!reach!!19.!that/which!!20.!how!!21.!not!!22.!with!!23.!fall!!!
24.!this/that!!25.!part!!26.!likely!!27.!were!!28.!used!!29.!level!!30.!selling!
!
'
'
Recognising'a'liar!
0.!scientists!!56.!ability!!57.!truth!!58.!sixth!!59.!normally!!60.!instance!!61.!different!!!
62.!alteration!!63.!realisation!!64.!judgement!!65.!unreliable!
!
Øresund'Bridge!
0.!see!!1.!longest!!2.!stretches!!3.!horizon!!4.!meets!!5.!links!!6.!completed!!7.!separating!!!
8.!into!!9.!record!!10.!helps!!11.!structure!!12.!underground!!13.!jointly!!14.!save!!!
15.!benefit!
!
Artist'development'manager!
0.!an!!16.!responsible!!17.!of!!18.!all/everything!!19.!wears!!20.!her!!21.!During!!22.!sent!!
23.!become!!24.!what!!25.!able!!26.!spite!!27.!worth!!28.!from!!29.!as!!30.!found!
!
Aboriginal'stories!
0.!exciting!!56.!surroundings!!57.!traditional!!58.!knowledge!!59.!theatrical!!60.!lives!!!
61.!believed!!62.!personality!!63.!importance!!64.!uncomfortable!!65.!possibility!