Spring 2015 - Miami-Dade County Extension Office

E tension
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Spring 2015
UF/IFAS Miami-Dade County Extension, 18710 SW 288th Street, Homestead, FL 33030-2309
http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu 305-248-3311
Letter from the Editor
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
By Cassandra Weston-Hainsworth, 4-H Agent
Greetings to all:
Spring is almost here, and we are extremely
Letter from the Editor
1
Native Invasive Species Awareness Week
2
National Nutrition Month 2015
3
Can We Grow Jalapeno Peppers Using Shade Cloth
4
Biscayne Bay Water Watch
6
programs that have been conducted by the
Hands-On Activities with Branches 4-H Members
7
Extension office, as well as what we have on the
Be on the Lookout: Argentine Tegus
8
horizon. Since the start of the year, we have
already had several rain barrel workshops, a 4-H
UF Environmental Horticulture Students Visit UF/IFAS
Extension in Miami Dade County
9
4-K race, pesticide trainings, a food safety
What’s New at Miami-Dade Extension
10
Contact Us
11
excited to share with you some of the amazing
workshop, nutrition programs, and money
management workshops, just to name a few. We
are continuing to plan and develop new ways to
reach the millions of people in Miami-Dade
County.
Last year, we celebrated 100 years of the
Cooperative Extension Service. All across the
country, programs were held to recognize the
great accomplishments that have taken place over
the years. 2015 marks the 125th anniversary of
the 1890 universities, created by the Morrill Act of
1890, which established the Black Land-Grant
Colleges and Universities in the United States. The
official day of observance is April 23, 2015 and
Dakshina Seal, and Bruce Shaffer on growing
jalapeno peppers; Jake Edwards on Argentine Tegus;
Lisa Krimsky on Biscayne Bay; Jeramy Smith on
Branches 4-H Club; Monica Dawkins on National
Nutrition Month; and of course, my co-editor Jeff
Wasielewski.
I hope this newsletter provides you with some
valuable information and please take time to check
out some of the great programs and events that will
occur throughout the year.
the theme of their year-long celebration is
Yours in 4-H,
“Providing Access and Enhancing Opportunities.”
Cassandra
For more information, please visit http://
www.1890universities.org/.
We are very grateful to our colleagues who took
the time to contribute to this newsletter: Vanessa
Campoverde on invasive species and the UF
Undergraduate Club of Environmental
Horticulture; Wellington Araujo, Kati Migliaccio,
.
Program Spotlights
National Invasive Species Awareness Week
By Vanessa Campoverde, Commercial Agriculture &
Ornamentals Agent

During the last week of February, we celebrated

National Invasive Species Awareness Week
(NISAW), where several events across the nation


Mediterranean fruit fly
Citrus greening disease (Huanlongbing)
Asian longhorned beetle
Giant African Land Snail (GALS), originally
found in Miami-Dade County!
were conducted to raise awareness and identify
solutions to invasive species issues at local, state,
tribal, regional and national levels. If you would
like to know more about this initiative, go to:
http://www.nisaw.org
What is an invasive pest?
The U.S. Department of Agriculture defines an
invasive pest as an organism that is introduced
into an area beyond its natural range and
becomes a pest in the new environment (also
referred as: alien, non-native or introduced
pests). The damage done by invasive plants alone
costs the U.S. an estimated $34.7 billion a year.
An invasive pest does not occur naturally in a
specific area and therefore may not have any
natural enemies resulting in no natural control
and a strong chance for economic or
environmental harm.
How do invasive pests spread?
There are a few ways pests enter the U.S. and are
able to cross state lines:

by "hitch-hiking" on vehicles, fruits, plants,
seeds or animals when travelers enter the U.S.
or travel within states.

when travelers bring prohibited fruits, plants,
seeds, animals or other items back from other
states or foreign countries.
What are some of the top invasive pest threats in
the U.S.?

about invasive pests? When pests affect our local agriculture or
resources, then we all suffer from lack of local
food sources and prices will rise, causing more
damage to native species and to our home
economy.
Giant African Land Snails
GALS were initially found only in Miami-Dade
County, but since last year, they have been found
in our neighbor Broward County. Invasive pests
don’t know boundaries, so we always have to be
on the lookout for them. More information and
the map of the current GALS distribution can be
found here: http://www.freshfromflorida.com/
Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Pests-Diseases/
Giant-African-Land-Snail.
This article was modified from information found
here: http://www.hungrypests.com/
on shipments of plants, food and other
materials

If I don't work in agriculture, why should I care
For more information
visit your local
University of Florida/
IFAS Extension office:
http://miami-
dade.ifas.ufl.edu/.
Adult Giant African Land Snail
(GALS) hanging out in a hedge.
Can you spot it?
The imported fire ant
2
National Nutrition Month® 2015
By Monica Dawkins, EFNEP Agent
National Nutrition Month® is a nutrition education
and information campaign celebrated annually in
Recipe: Florida Flatbread with Tomatoes and
Sweet Peppers
March by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Initiated in 1973, “National Nutrition Week” was
originally only a week, but became a month-long
observance in 1980 in response to growing public
interest in nutrition.
The campaign focuses attention on the
importance of making informed food choices and
developing sound eating and physical activity
habits. Each March and throughout the year, the
Academy encourages everyone to return to the
basics of healthy eating by adopting a healthy
lifestyle focused on consuming fewer calories,
making informed food choices and getting daily
exercise.
This year’s theme “Bite into a Healthy Lifestyle,”
focuses on helping people create a healthy eating
pattern and physical activity plan. By adopting
these goals, this year’s theme strives to help
people manage their weight successfully and
reduce their risk of chronic disease while
promoting general health.
Your Own Private Nutrition Month
Learning the facts about nutrition is a good step
to celebrate National Nutrition Month and eat
healthy all year long! Some reputable places to
find nutrition information include:

The USDA’s food guidance system:
MyPlate.gov

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics:
EatRight.org

Your local County Extension office: MiamiDade.ifas.ufl.edu
Ingredients:
2 medium or 1 large baked flatbread or pizza
crust
2 cups mozzarella cheese, shredded
¼ cup fresh basil, hand torn
½ cup Parmesan cheese, grated
5 cloves fresh garlic, minced
1 large Florida bell pepper (red, yellow, green or
⅓ of all 3 colors), seeded and sliced thin
2 medium Florida tomatoes, sliced thin
1 tablespoon olive oil
sea salt and fresh ground pepper to taste
Directions:
 Preheat oven to 375 degrees
 Spread olive oil and garlic evenly over the
flatbread
 Evenly distribute three-fourths of the two
cheeses over the flatbread
 Evenly distribute the bell pepper and tomato
over the cheese
 Add remaining cheese to the top of the
flatbread
 Season the flatbread lightly with salt and
pepper
 Bake flatbread on a cookie sheet for 7 to 10
minutes until cheese is melted and bubbly
 Remove flatbread from oven and garnish with
the hand torn basil
 Cut flatbread into several servings and serve
warm
3
Can We Grow Jalapeno Peppers Better Using Shade Cloth?
By Wellington Araujo, Kati Migliaccio, Dakshina Seal, & Bruce Schaffer
Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC), UF
Homestead, FL. The shade cloths being tested are
Jalapeño hot peppers (Capsicum annuum),
aluminet 50%, silver 30%, red 30%, pearl 30%,
originating from Mexico, are popular due to their
black 50% and control (without any cover). The
nutrient content, pungency, flavor, color and
aluminet 50%, silver 30%, red 30% and pearl 30%
taste. They are a rich source of vitamin A, C, E, K
are made by Polysack Plastic Industries.
and other antioxidants that develop resistance
against infectious agents. Burden (2012) reported
that in the United States demand for jalapeño and
other hot peppers increases every year as the
popularity of ethnic cuisine increases. California
and New Mexico produce most of the hot peppers
grown in the United States, but many Florida
farmers grow hot peppers as a niche crop (Ozores
-Hampton and McAvoy, 2014).
Trays with the jalapeño
seedlings and plant in a pot
with a tensiometer
As world population continues to grow, resulting
in less space for agriculture but greater food
demands, we must try to increase the amount of
food we can produce in a given space. One
practice that might offer increased yield for a
Cages in the field and four pots
inside the Pearl cage at TREC
given amount of area is the use of different shade
cloths. Recently, colored shade cloth designed
specifically for manipulating plant development
and growth has became available. Stamps (2009)
discussed the effect of this technique on the
microclimate, vegetative growth, vegetative
quality and fruit quality and yield. Plant response
to different colors has been documented by
Presented below are some preliminary data from
this on-going study. Jalapeño plant growth was
various authors for many crops (Bastias and
The stem diameter of
Corelli-Grappadelli, 2012); however the effects
jalapeño pepper over
are varied and plant responses may differ, even
among cultivars of same crop species (Stamps,
2009).
We are currently investigating application of five
different shade cloths, as well as no cloth on
time under different
colors and shading
(aluminet 50%, silver
30%, red 30%, pearl 30%,
black 50% and controlwithout cover) measured
at varying days after
transplant (DAT)
jalapeño peppers at the University of Florida,
Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC)
(Continued on page 5)
4
evaluated by the number of leaves, stem diameter
and
the
leaf
chlorophyll
index
(SPAD
units
determined with a SPAD meter). For all treatments,
pepper production. Shade cloth can also be used
with other horticulture crops.
the number of leaves and stem diameter increased
As for an answer to the question posed in the
development.
were
shade cloth?, we aren’t sure yet! Stay tuned to
However, a significant difference was observed on
of shade cloth to grow plants and vegetables.
where the control treatment (shade cloth) had
Acknowledgements
treatments. Stem diameter of the aluminet was
the shade cloth, Ms. Tina Dispenza for project
treatments on 46 days after treatment initiation
assistance.
over time, showing typical plant growth and
No
significant
differences
observed among treatments for leaf numbers.
the last two stem diameter measurement dates,
title: “Can we grow jalapeño peppers better using
hear more about the idea of using different colors
significantly less stem diameter than all shade
The authors are grateful to Mr. Frank Giglia for
significantly
assistance, and Ms. Ana Vargas for equipment
greater
than
that
of
the
other
(DAT).
References
Leaf chlorophyll index was significantly higher in
Batias, R.M. and L. Corelli-Grappadelli. 2012.
was significant lower than the others treatments.
Physiological and technological aspects. Chilean
chlorophyll index is affected by many factors, such
Burden, D. and D. Huntrods. 2012. Bell and Chili
stresses. Variations of this magnitude are not
Center), Iowa State University.
leaf turgor caused an increase in SPAD readings.
vegetables/bell-and-chili-peppers
the control group, while the Aluminet treatment
Light quality management in fruit orchards:
Martinez and Guiamet (2004) reported that leaf
Journal of Agricultural Research 72(4): 574- 581.
as leaf water content, irradiance and environmental
Peppers. AgMRC (Agricultural Marketing resource
unusual under field conditions and a decrease in
http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/
Li, Y.C., W. Klassen, M. Lamberts and T. Olczyk.
2013. Pepper Production in Miami-Dade County,
Florida. Serie HS859, Department of Horticultural
Science, UF/IFAS Extension, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Fla.
Martınez, D. and J. Guiamet. 2004. Distortion of
the SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter readings by
changes in irradiance and leaf water status.
Agronomie 24: 41-46
SPAD units for peppers at 60 DAT (days after transplant)
under different colors and shading (aluminet 50%, silver 30%,
red 30%, pearl 30%, black 50% and control)
Ozores-Hampton, M. and G. McAvoy. 2014.
Jalapeño and Other Hot Pepper Varieties for
Florida.
Results thus far suggest that the use of shade cloth
Serie
Horticultural
HS1241,
Science,
Department
UF/IFAS
of
Extension,
increases plant stem diameter compared to no
University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
plant growth and yield data. Results will provide
Stamps, R. 2009. Use of colored shade netting in
shade cloth. The next step is to collect additional
information on how shade cloth impacts jalapeño
horticulture. HortScience 44(2): 239-241.
5
Biscayne Bay Water Watch
By Dr. Lisa Krimsky, Sea Grant Agent
As the Sea Grant marine extension agent, there
3. A phytoplankton bloom, consisting of two non
are some perks to the job; one of them being the
-toxic diatoms, occurred in the summer of
drive to my office. Every day I get to drive over
2013 and persisted for two to three months.
the Rickenbacker Causeway and enjoy the
This bloom was the first of its kind as it did
beautiful view of Biscayne Bay’s crystal blue
not occur near shore, but in an open region of
waters. Ask anyone who gets to spend time either
the Bay.
on or near the water, and I’m sure that they will
share in that experience. Biscayne Bay is the
lifeblood of Miami and visitations to and use of
the Bay contributes significantly to our local
economy. This is because compared to other
Florida waters, Biscayne Bay is characterized by
very low concentrations of nutrients and
pollutants and has excellent water clarity. The
clean water is responsible for the fantastic views
and allowing recreational experiences such as
fishing, diving and boating. While most people
know that the Bay is protected either federally or
by the state as a National Park, State Aquatic
Preserve, or a State critical wildlife area, the
majority of Biscayne Bay is also an Outstanding
Florida Water (OFW).
Although Biscayne Bay remains relatively healthy,
natural and human-induced events can negatively
impact the Bay’s water quality. During the past
decade, three such events have occurred in
Biscayne Bay. These events were:
These algal bloom events, unprecedented in their
scale or duration, resulted in impacts to over
10,000 acres of bay
bottom. While the exact
causes of these blooms
remain unknown, they
indicate a diminished
ability by the Bay to handle
occasional negative inputs.
Biscayne Bay is suspected
of nearing a “tipping point”
for water quality and
health.
Map of the algal bloom
areas by year
Algal blooms are not new to the headlines. Algal
blooms in the Great Lakes have been so extreme
that they have impacted the availability of local
drinking water. Locally, the Indian River Lagoon
has suffered record numbers of dolphins and
manatees mortality as a result of algal blooms.
Luckily for us, the health and status of Biscayne
Bay is not as critical as in other areas; however we
1. A phytoplankton bloom that started in 2005
need to heed these warning signs. Local support
in south Biscayne Bay which persisted for
and knowledge is critical for understanding how
three years.
changes to the Bay are impacting its long-term
2. A green macro-algal bloom initiated in 2008
health and economic and environmental viability.
and continues (though diminished) today. The
In response, the UF/IFAS Sea Grant extension
impacted area runs along the western shore of
program is developing Biscayne Bay Water Watch,
central bay south of Rickenbacker Causeway
to south of Coral Gables and out to mid-Bay.
(Continued on page 7)
6
(Continued from page 6)
educate the public and enhance the County’s
a coalition of residents, groups and organizations
efforts. Through the adoption of water monitoring
who will be trained and jointly administer a
stations within Biscayne Bay, partners will collect
citizen science water quality monitoring program
monthly water quality samples and data that will
to
be shared with Miami-Dade County’s Division of
Environmental Resources Management (DERM)
and the public alike.
If you would like more information about Biscayne
Bay Water Watch or how you or your organization
can participate in please contact Lisa Krimsky at
lkrimsky@ufl.edu or 305-421-4017. Visit
https://www.flseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/
Imperiled-Water-Quality-in-Biscayne-Bay.pdf for
more information.
Hands-on Activities with the Branches 4-H Members
By Jeramy A. Smith, 4-H Agent
One of the key objectives with UF/IFAS Extension
4-H members could
4-H Youth development programs is to give a kid
construct their own
a euphoric sense of accomplishment after
insect.
completing a “hands-on” 4-H project. This hands
I am here to tell you
-on objective was achieved a few weeks ago when
that young people
Brittany Harris, a Florida International University
have creative minds.
(FIU) graduate student, teamed up with me to do
Many of the Branches
a 4-H Enrichment Program at Branches
4-H members created
afterschool program in Opa-locka, Florida.
some wonderful
Brittany and I came up with the consensus that
insects.
she would teach the science, and I would provide
the fun activities for kids. We decided to teach the
One of the kids came up to me to show me his
kids entomology since the field was related to
insect. Now, I must be honest that when the kid
Brittany’s graduate work at FIU.
came up to me, I had no idea on how to identify
the blob of construction in his hands. He was
On that particular day, we were teaching kids,
disappointed because kids were picking on his
ages 7 to 11 on the characteristics of insects.
insect. I empathize for the young lad and I wanted
Brittany shared with them that insects have
to give him encouragement because he did put
antennas, a head, thorax, abdomen, and six legs,
time, effort and thought into his precious
and I shared my favorite song called “Alfred the
Caterpillar.” We passed out construction paper,
pipe cleaners, bottle tops, and more, so that the
(Continued on page 8)
7
(Continued from page 7)
creation, so I used the knowledge that we learned
from Brittany to reaffirm to him that his creation
was indeed an insect. Our dialogue went
somewhat like this:
“Sonny, does your insect have antennas?”
“Yes.”
“Does it have a head?”
“Yes.”
“Does it have a Thorax?”
development in 4-H is Mastery. People can tend
to make the mistake that mastery equals
perfection, but actually mastery is an on-going
process that is a beginning to perfection. Zig
Ziglar once stated, “You do not have to be great
to start, but you have to start to be great.” In
other words, mastery begins when young people
put forth an effort to accomplish an objective. It
may not be beautiful in the beginning, but with
effort, passion, and encouragement, it can turn
out magnificent.
“Yes.” (Truthfully, I had a hard time identifying
the thorax but the kid explained it to me
beautifully.)
“Does it have an abdomen?”
“Yes!”
“Six legs?”
“Yes!”
“Well, Sonny, then you created an insect!”
The Branches 4-H member felt better. He walked
away with a euphoric sense of accomplishment. I
too felt great in giving the young man guidance
and confidence in his creation.
One of the four elements of positive youth
I commend the youth development program at
Branches in
giving youth
the opportunity
to be great!
These young
ladies and
gentlemen are
brilliant and excited about learning.
Their enthusiasm actually gets me pumped up
about life and I am happy that Branches is a part
of the UF/IFAS Miami-Dade County Extension 4-H
Youth Development Family!
Be on the Lookout: Argentine Tegus
By Jake Edwards, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservative Commission
Wildlife Impact Management, Non Native Field Operations
Argentine black and white tegus (Salvator
merianae) are a species of lizard native to South
America that have been introduced to Florida.
Tegus are black and white in color with banding
along the tail and can reach up to four feet in
length. Tegu lizard populations are currently
being assessed by the Florida Fish and Wildlife
Commission (FWC) in several areas throughout
the state through trapping and surveying
projects. Thought to be separate introductions,
Hillsborough counties. The Miami-Dade
population is centered in the Florida City/
Homestead area. Wildlife officials are currently
trying to gather more information about their
populations in Miami-Dade County.
Tegus are omnivores, eating both vegetation and
other animals and show a special fondness for
eggs. This raises concern with wildlife managers,
there are two breeding populations in Florida; one
in Miami Dade County and one in Polk and
(Continued on page 9)
8
(Continued from page 8)
as Florida is home to many imperiled species that
animals. Most importantly, we ask people to be
alongside gopher tortoises, American alligators,
other exotic species is observed, please take a
marsh bird species in their current range in
decide how to respond. Reporting exotic species
have been known to eat crops like tomato,
to do so. FWC operates a hotline to report
lay eggs. For example, tegus are found living
our eyes and ears in the field. If a tegu or any
American crocodiles, and a number of wading and
photo. This will help us verify the species and
Florida. In addition to consuming eggs, tegus
is also quite easy and there are a number of ways
berries, and bananas as well as palm seeds.
exotics: 1-888-IVE-GOT1. You can also report
These lizards are almost exclusively diurnal,
“IVEGOT1” reporting app on a smartphone.
sightings online at www.ivegot1.org or using the
meaning they are active only during the daytime.
They are often observed is along roadsides and
grassy areas, and find refuge under artificial
structures such as mobile homes, sheds, and
Argentine Tegus
observed near
debris. It is recommended that homeowners seal
Florida City (Liz
up openings and holes in structures to exclude
Barraco-FWC)
these lizards.
The general public plays an important role in
assisting with research and management of these
University of Florida (UF/IFAS) Environmental Horticulture
Students Visit UF/IFAS Extension in Miami-Dade County
By Vanessa Campoverde, Commercial Agriculture & Ornamentals Agent
The University of Florida (UF/IFAS) Undergraduate
Club of Environmental Horticulture students and
their advisor Dr. Jim Barrett had a chance to visit
two main education and research centers in South
Florida: the University of Florida/IFAS Extension
Miami-Dade County agricultural office and the
UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center
(TREC), both located in Homestead.
The undergraduate students from Gainesville
spent all of their spring break traveling and
visiting University of Florida/IFAS Extension and
Research Centers across the state to learn about
what UF/IFAS Extension agents do as they provide
research based solutions to citizens at a personal
and professional level. These students didn’t
travel to the always sunny Miami-Dade County for
fun, but instead traveled for an education and
some insight on research and extension work.
“We are very thrilled to share our unique jobs
within the University of Florida Extension system
to enthusiastic students”, said UF/IFAS
Commercial Horticulture agent Vanessa
Campoverde. Ms. Campoverde welcomed the
students and shared with these future
professionals the nature of what UF/IFAS
Extension agents do in South Florida. Students
learned about the economic impact of the
agriculture industries including vegetables,
tropical fruit and ornamental plants. They also
learned about outreach community events,
9
(Continued from page 9)
research and diagnostic work at the UF/IFAS
Tropical Research Education Center (TREC), and
collaborative work with many state specialists and
organizations.
If your organization would like to visit our
locations, please contact us at
305-248-3311 or visit our website:
http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/.
What’s New at Miami-Dade Extension
To use our Extension Calendar, please visit our
website http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu and
scroll through the calendar. There, you will find
all event information including how to register.
10
What is Cooperative Extension?
The Cooperative Extension Service is the liaison
between research conducted at the University of
ADMINISTRATION:
Teresa Olczyk, M.S.
County Extension Director
HORTICULTURE:
Adrian Hunsberger, M.S.
Urban Horticulture
John McLaughlin, Ph.D
Miami-Dade County. Our clientele includes growers
(agricultural and horticultural), homeowners, youth,
people interested in family issues or food and
nutrition, and marine industries.
Urban Horticulture Program Assistant
The University of Florida/IFAS Miami-Dade County
E. Vanessa Campoverde, M.S.
of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural
COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE & LANDSCAPES:
Commercial Ag/Ornamentals
Henrique Mayer, M.S.
Commercial Urban Horticulture
Jeff Wasielewski, M.S.
Commercial Tropical Fruit
Qingren Wang, Ph.D.
Commercial Vegetable & Pesticide Trainer
FLORIDA YARDS & NEIGHBORHOODS (FYN):
Jesus Lomeli
Urban Conservation Unit Program Assistant
Barbara McAdam
FYN Program Assistant
Laura Vasquez
FYN Coordinator
FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCE (FCS), FAMILY NUTRITION
PROGRAMS (FNP)
AND
PROGRAM (EFNEP):
EXPANDED FOOD & NUTRITION
Sandra Canales, M.S.
EFNEP/FNP
Monica Dawkins, M.S.
EFNEP
Jacquelyn Gibson, M.S.
FCS- Food, Nutrition & Family Finance
4-H:
Florida and other universities and end users in
Cassandra Weston
Youth Development
Jeramy A. Smith
Youth Development
SEA GRANT:
Lisa Krimsky, Ph.D
Sea Grant/Marine
Extension receives direct funding from the University
Sciences (IFAS) and Miami-Dade County’s
Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
is the third partner in this cooperative agreement.
The Miami-Dade County offices are part of a
nationwide system of information, outreach, and
education offered by county governments and landgrant educational institutions in each state.
Contact Us:
ADMINISTRATION, COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE ,
HORTICULTURE,
AND
FYN
18710 SW 288 Street
th
Homestead, FL 33030
Phone: 305-248-3311, Fax: 305-246-2932
FNP & EFNEP
300 East 1st Avenue, Suite 113
Hialeah, FL 33010
Phone: 786-391-0539 (Monica)
786-391-0540 (Sandra)
4-H & FCS
401 E. 65th Street
Hialeah, FL 33013
Phone: 305-769-4050, Fax: 305-769-4052
SEA GRANT
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, FL 33149
Phone: 305-421-4017
Visit Us: http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Employment Opportunity – Affirmative Action Employer authorized to provide research, educational information and
other services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race, color, sex, age, handicap or national origin.. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATIVE
EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, IFAS, FLORIDA A. & M. UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION PROGRAM AND BOARDS OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS COOPERATING
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