A Brief History of Ruskin, Florida
Transcription
A Brief History of Ruskin, Florida
For more information about Ruskin’s historic past or to offer your stories, photos and memories to the Ruskin collection: Contact: Fred Jacobsen Phone: 813-298-6028 Email: fred@RuskinHistory.org Be sure to visit the website of the Ruskin Historical Society www.RuskinHistory.org A Brief History of Ruskin, Florida The Ruskin Historical Society would like to thank Ruskin Community Development Foundation, Inc. www.ruskinfoundation.org and Hillsborough County Office of Neighborhood Relations www.hillsboroughcounty.org for assistance in producing this booklet. Our appreciation to the Ruskin Chamber of Commerce and Florida Humanities Council for producing the first edition of this history. Additional text editing by A. Mc Miller, Ph.D. Layout by Dolly Cummings Second edition RCDF © 2005 The area now known as Ruskin has a fascinating history... PALEO PAST COMMUNITY SERVICES One and a half to two million years ago the area around Ruskin was populated by a wide variety of vertebrate animals. Frank Garcia, noted paleontologist, discovered the proof in 1983 when he found animal bones preserved in limestone formations at the Leisey Shell Pit. As the shell pit operators exposed layers of shell and limestone, Garcia watched. Finally, one day he looked up a twenty-foot wall and saw what he had hoped for -- fossilized bones, teeth, and tusks. The Twentieth Century Club was formed in 1912, by Adaline Dickman Miller. Far more than a social club, its members' activities involved improving education, the home, and the wider community. In the ear ly 1940s t he Twent iet h Cent ury Club changed its name to the Ruskin Woman's Club. At about the same time, the Miller family deeded the Ruskin College President’s home to the club. Garcia, his colleagues, and many dedicated volunteers began a multi‑year project that unearthed many significant fossil discoveries at the Leisey Shell Pit. This site produced the largest North American Sloth skeleton ever discovered; and according to Garcia, "Over 140 different species of animals, with nearly twenty of them being new to science." Adaline Dickman Miller The Chamber of Commerce formed in 1928. Membership was open to anyone of good character over sixteen. The membership fee was fifty cents; dues were one dollar per year. Wall of bones found in 1983 Between these two groups, the Woman’s Club and the Chamber of Commerce, the basic needs of the community were somehow met. Members organized a volunteer fire service and collected trash for proper disposal. They fought for more teachers and improved school facilities. Over the years, each organization provided space for a public library. The elementary school expanded from a one‑room wooden schoolhouse to a complex of several brick buildings with hundreds of students. Many services were needed because Ruskin and other rural locales of the South Shore area remained isolated from Tampa. Volunteers of the Paleo Preserve carefully preserved the fossils for study at the University of Florida. The fossils found in Ruskin will help inform future generations about the evolution of vertebrates. The “Leisey Collection” can be viewed at the Paleo Preserve Fossil Museum at the Camp Bayou Outdoor Learning Center, located at the end of 24th St SE in Ruskin. For at least twenty years, two people were essential to providing the basic medical needs of the area. "Doc" John Henry Harris from Wimauma rode a circuit in the county and was assisted by nurse Joyce Ely. The present-day clinic in Ruskin is named in her honor. Finally, in the 1940s, "Doc" Harris opened an office several days a week in Ruskin. Exactly what happened to these extinct mammals is still largely unexplained. Garcia believes that the shell pits covered what was once an ancient river bed w he r e t h e animals came to drink and rest. EARLY DEVELOPMENT INDIGENOUS PEOPLES One of the first to take advantage of the economic situation was the son of early pioneer A.P. Dickman, Paul B. Dickman. The first humans are believed to have entered the Florida peninsula 13,000 years ago, long after most of the large prehistoric mammals had disappeared in North America. At that time, the sea level was much lower than it is today, and the climate was drier. Later, as the world's glaciers melted and the sea rose, Florida's climate became more temperate. In distant eras, Florida's indigenous people settled in areas that are now under water. He opened the historic (now demolished) Coffee Cup Restaurant, the favorite social institution of Ruskin for many decades. During the Depression, Paul and his wife Esther Cralle Dickman helped make ends meet by s e l l i n g coffee and pie to locals, tourists, and truckers. The Coffee Cup Restaurant The Dickmans turned over management to Willie and Mary Walker in 1936. Meanwhile, Paul Dickman acquired many acres of devalued or tax-repossessed real estate, and focused his Ruskin College training in engineering on innovations to improve local farming. In the 1950s. many of Mr. Dickman's innovations helped make Ruskin known as "The Salad Bowl of America". He invented new types of harvesting machines and st art ed “pre-packing” to mat o es in cellophane. He tried new delivery methods. For these efforts, he received many agricultural prizes and awards. During this time, Paul Dickman and others founded the Ruskin Vegetable Corporation. From 1934 until the early 1950s, the major social event of Ruskin’s year was the Tomato Festival. It combined features of a county fair, beauty pageant, and a political rally. The festival has been resurrected on the first weekend each May as the Ruskin Tomato and Heritage Festival, presented by the Ruskin Community Development Foundation, Inc. Shellpoint mound with hotel on top; circa 1906 Evidence of Indian presence near Ruskin was discovered in three shell mounds: Thomas Mound located near the mouth of the Little Manatee River on its north bank; Selner Mound on the south side of the Little Manatee River; and Mound Key in the aquatic preserve of Cockroach Bay. These mounds were investigated several times in the 1890s by Clarence B. Moore and during the 1930s by J. Clarence Simpson. Discoveries included pottery sherds, cherts, weapons, and burial remains. On Cockroach Key, Moore and Simpson found buried remains of many young skeletons -- evidence of an early epidemic. Archaeologists have estimated that the area of Thomas Mound was continuously occupied from 100 A.D. until about 1600 A.D. This means that these natives were present in this area at the time of Spanish exploration. SPANISH EXPLORATION TRADEGY STRIKES RUSKIN The mouth of the Little Manatee River is believed by many to be the first encampment of Hernando DeSoto's expedition in 1539. Dr. Gerald Milanich in Hernando DeSoto and the Indians of Florida carefully tracked DeSoto’s expedition “backwards” from Tallahassee, counting days traveled and rivers crossed to determine that DeSoto’s Spanish ships offloaded near Terra Ceia (south of Ruskin); his soldiers then marched overland to the village of Uzita, situated on a large burial and ceremonial shell mound near the west end of Shell Point Rd in Ruskin. Ruskin College survived until World War One, when many young people went into the armed services or took newly available jobs in the cities. In the wake of the war, they seldom returned to Ruskin College. In 1919, Dr. Miller died during a mid-western train trip to recruit new students. Although cigarettes Ruskin, pipe-smoking from a “knocked-out” that destroyed most t e mp o r a r y bu ild ings, leaving the College President’s h o m e standing just north of the campus. were banned in was not. Cinders pipe, ignited a fire of the college’s One of the buildings destroyed by 1918 fire Conquistador landing Now, while driving west from Highway 41 on West Shell Point Road, you’re traveling on the paved-over remains of preColumbian shell mounds, which – like most inland mounds – were treated like “fill dirt” by the early settlers. Within a hundred years of their first encounter with Spaniards, the native population of Florida had been decimated by warfare and by disease. When Florida became sparsely occupied by its indigenous peoples, other Native Americans moved south to Florida. These are now the Seminoles. The 19 th-century history of Florida was shaped by struggles between the Seminoles and the white settlers over possession of the land, The three Seminole wars of the 1800s were fought north and east of Ruskin. . Although these combined tragedies ended the college and the heyday of the cooperative enterprise, Ruskin survived. By 1926, a short-lived, post-war, real estate “Boom” was over. Real estate development was dead, and land was cheap. The Ruskin Commongood Society, however, continued to exist as a legal entity until 1967, when (in the days before environmental awareness) it ceded its “common” lands and quasi-submerged properties to Hillsborough County and to local entrepreneurs. The earlier economic development of Ruskin was based primarily on agriculture, and to a lesser extent ranching, fishing, and small business. Through the 1920s and 30s, small family farms grew into larger commercial enterprises. Although wide varietirs of vegetables, fruits, and flowers were grown, the Ruskin tomato was king. EARLY RUSKIN PIONEERS In its early days, Ruskin w a s a n i s o l a t e d co mmunit y. Tampa and St. Petersburg could best be reached by a boat ride aboard the ‘Kilcare’ of several hours. When the tide was too low, the Ruskinites had to overnight in Tampa or St. Petersburg. Before 1900, a few settlers farmed, fished, raised cattle, cut lumber, and turpentined in this part of Hillsborough County. From int erviews wit h t heir present ‑day descendants and from studying census records, we know that caucasian families began to settle here in the 1840s. When the idealistic founders of Ruskin arrived, t h e s e hardy folk already h a d extensive l a n d ho ld ings Dickman Ranch circa 1947 HOW ‘RUSKIN’ GOT ITS NAME The Millers built a Swiss-chalet‑style house in 1914. Their home served as a part‑time classroom and social gathering spot for students, faculty, and members of the community at large. The building, now owned by The Ruskin Woman's Club, was chosen for the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 2000, the A . P . Dickman h o u s e b e c a m e Ruskin’s s e c o n d nat io nall y desig nat ed historic la nd mark. The house was also approved by the Hillsborough County Historic Resources Review Board and was the first in the County to receive this landmark designation. Ruskin, Florida, was among the many utopian or “intentional” communities established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, on the general principles of cooperation. One thinker in particular inspired their efforts ‑‑ the English philosopher John Ruskin. A major tenet of Ruskin's philosophy was to provide free education to the working and middle classes. Ruskin, Florida, in contrast to other such communities, has some historic buildings still standing while others are just memories. John Ruskin (1819—1900) THE FOUNDING OF RUSKIN RUSKIN LIFESTYLE How and why were these ideas implemented here in Ruskin? The answer can be traced back to Dr. George McAnelly Miller. After having served as president of two different Ruskin-plan colleges in Trenton, Missouri, and in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and after having seen disaster overtake the ‘Ruskin’ influenced communities in Tennessee and Georgia, Dr. Miller concluded that the isolated coast of southwest Florida would be an ideal site for a new cooperative venture. In Ruskin, Florida, he found a locale then isolated from outside interference, a climate favorable to agriculture, and enough land to develop an economically independent town. Dr. Miller and three of his brothers‑in‑law agreed to trade property in Missouri for 12,000 acres in Florida. Thus, a new Ruskinite dream became reality. The community even printed its own money (“scrip”) redeemable in land. The early covenants in each deed contained provisions against profanity, cigarettes, and alcohol. Because all landowners were enfranchised, women had the vote in Ruskin long before they could vote in national elections. Dr. Miller moved with his wife Adaline and their five children to the site of Ruskin in 1906. A few years later, three of his wife's brothers, A.P., N.E., and L.L. Dickman joined them here. A few of the other early settlers came from the failed ‘Ruskins’ in Tennessee and Georgia. A gathering of the community From previous experience, Dr. Miller already knew how to get things started and what to avoid in a cooperative community. The founders purchased land, subdivided it, and created a marketing and development company. The ‘Ruskin Homemakers’ sold the plots. Part of the proceeds from sales went to the Co mmo ngo o d So ciet y fo r genera l community improvements and for the expenses of Ruskin College. The community attempted to adhere to principles of shared public property and responsibility. For instance, the park and the college grounds were communally held public spaces; some chores were shared among the group, and Ruskin’s printed “scrip” could be redeemed for groceries at the Commongood Store. Ruskin College was a central feature of the community. The college buildings w e r e erected f r o m lo call y available timber. Students' d a y s w e r e d ivided i n t o thirds, with work, study, and relaxation claiming equal portions of their days. The students’ courses of study were highly varied, combining aspects of classical, pre-vocational, artistic, and liberal arts education. Plenty of timber was available for construction, although hauling it required draft animals, a boat, or a beefed-up Model T. Free-flowing artesian wells supplied water without a pump, and Ruskin’s good soil and temperate climate were ideal for growing fruits and vegetables. The surrounding waters supplied fish, shellfish, and fowl. For the rest of its needs, the town organized a cooperative general store. THE FOUNDING OF RUSKIN RUSKIN LIFESTYLE How and why were these ideas implemented here in Ruskin? The answer can be traced back to Dr. George McAnelly Miller. After having served as president of two different Ruskin-plan colleges in Trenton, Missouri, and in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and after having seen disaster overtake the ‘Ruskin’ influenced communities in Tennessee and Georgia, Dr. Miller concluded that the isolated coast of southwest Florida would be an ideal site for a new cooperative venture. In Ruskin, Florida, he found a locale then isolated from outside interference, a climate favorable to agriculture, and enough land to develop an economically independent town. Dr. Miller and three of his brothers‑in‑law agreed to trade property in Missouri for 12,000 acres in Florida. Thus, a new Ruskinite dream became reality. The community even printed its own money (“scrip”) redeemable in land. The early covenants in each deed contained provisions against profanity, cigarettes, and alcohol. Because all landowners were enfranchised, women had the vote in Ruskin long before they could vote in national elections. Dr. Miller moved with his wife Adaline and their five children to the site of Ruskin in 1906. A few years later, three of his wife's brothers, A.P., N.E., and L.L. Dickman joined them here. A few of the other early settlers came from the failed ‘Ruskins’ in Tennessee and Georgia. A gathering of the community From previous experience, Dr. Miller already knew how to get things started and what to avoid in a cooperative community. The founders purchased land, subdivided it, and created a marketing and development company. The ‘Ruskin Homemakers’ sold the plots. Part of the proceeds from sales went to the Co mmo ngo o d So ciet y fo r genera l community improvements and for the expenses of Ruskin College. The community attempted to adhere to principles of shared public property and responsibility. For instance, the park and the college grounds were communally held public spaces; some chores were shared among the group, and Ruskin’s printed “scrip” could be redeemed for groceries at the Commongood Store. Ruskin College was a central feature of the community. The college buildings w e r e erected f r o m lo call y available timber. Students' d a y s w e r e d ivided i n t o thirds, with work, study, and relaxation claiming equal portions of their days. The students’ courses of study were highly varied, combining aspects of classical, pre-vocational, artistic, and liberal arts education. Plenty of timber was available for construction, although hauling it required draft animals, a boat, or a beefed-up Model T. Free-flowing artesian wells supplied water without a pump, and Ruskin’s good soil and temperate climate were ideal for growing fruits and vegetables. The surrounding waters supplied fish, shellfish, and fowl. For the rest of its needs, the town organized a cooperative general store. EARLY RUSKIN PIONEERS In its early days, Ruskin w a s a n i s o l a t e d co mmunit y. Tampa and St. Petersburg could best be reached by a boat ride aboard the ‘Kilcare’ of several hours. When the tide was too low, the Ruskinites had to overnight in Tampa or St. Petersburg. Before 1900, a few settlers farmed, fished, raised cattle, cut lumber, and turpentined in this part of Hillsborough County. From int erviews wit h t heir present ‑day descendants and from studying census records, we know that caucasian families began to settle here in the 1840s. When the idealistic founders of Ruskin arrived, t h e s e hardy folk already h a d extensive l a n d ho ld ings Dickman Ranch circa 1947 HOW ‘RUSKIN’ GOT ITS NAME The Millers built a Swiss-chalet‑style house in 1914. Their home served as a part‑time classroom and social gathering spot for students, faculty, and members of the community at large. The building, now owned by The Ruskin Woman's Club, was chosen for the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 2000, the A . P . Dickman h o u s e b e c a m e Ruskin’s s e c o n d nat io nall y desig nat ed historic la nd mark. The house was also approved by the Hillsborough County Historic Resources Review Board and was the first in the County to receive this landmark designation. Ruskin, Florida, was among the many utopian or “intentional” communities established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, on the general principles of cooperation. One thinker in particular inspired their efforts ‑‑ the English philosopher John Ruskin. A major tenet of Ruskin's philosophy was to provide free education to the working and middle classes. Ruskin, Florida, in contrast to other such communities, has some historic buildings still standing while others are just memories. John Ruskin (1819—1900) SPANISH EXPLORATION TRADEGY STRIKES RUSKIN The mouth of the Little Manatee River is believed by many to be the first encampment of Hernando DeSoto's expedition in 1539. Dr. Gerald Milanich in Hernando DeSoto and the Indians of Florida carefully tracked DeSoto’s expedition “backwards” from Tallahassee, counting days traveled and rivers crossed to determine that DeSoto’s Spanish ships offloaded near Terra Ceia (south of Ruskin); his soldiers then marched overland to the village of Uzita, situated on a large burial and ceremonial shell mound near the west end of Shell Point Rd in Ruskin. Ruskin College survived until World War One, when many young people went into the armed services or took newly available jobs in the cities. In the wake of the war, they seldom returned to Ruskin College. In 1919, Dr. Miller died during a mid-western train trip to recruit new students. Although cigarettes Ruskin, pipe-smoking from a “knocked-out” that destroyed most t e mp o r a r y bu ild ings, leaving the College President’s h o m e standing just north of the campus. were banned in was not. Cinders pipe, ignited a fire of the college’s One of the buildings destroyed by 1918 fire Conquistador landing Now, while driving west from Highway 41 on West Shell Point Road, you’re traveling on the paved-over remains of preColumbian shell mounds, which – like most inland mounds – were treated like “fill dirt” by the early settlers. Within a hundred years of their first encounter with Spaniards, the native population of Florida had been decimated by warfare and by disease. When Florida became sparsely occupied by its indigenous peoples, other Native Americans moved south to Florida. These are now the Seminoles. The 19 th-century history of Florida was shaped by struggles between the Seminoles and the white settlers over possession of the land, The three Seminole wars of the 1800s were fought north and east of Ruskin. . Although these combined tragedies ended the college and the heyday of the cooperative enterprise, Ruskin survived. By 1926, a short-lived, post-war, real estate “Boom” was over. Real estate development was dead, and land was cheap. The Ruskin Commongood Society, however, continued to exist as a legal entity until 1967, when (in the days before environmental awareness) it ceded its “common” lands and quasi-submerged properties to Hillsborough County and to local entrepreneurs. The earlier economic development of Ruskin was based primarily on agriculture, and to a lesser extent ranching, fishing, and small business. Through the 1920s and 30s, small family farms grew into larger commercial enterprises. Although wide varietirs of vegetables, fruits, and flowers were grown, the Ruskin tomato was king. EARLY DEVELOPMENT INDIGENOUS PEOPLES One of the first to take advantage of the economic situation was the son of early pioneer A.P. Dickman, Paul B. Dickman. The first humans are believed to have entered the Florida peninsula 13,000 years ago, long after most of the large prehistoric mammals had disappeared in North America. At that time, the sea level was much lower than it is today, and the climate was drier. Later, as the world's glaciers melted and the sea rose, Florida's climate became more temperate. In distant eras, Florida's indigenous people settled in areas that are now under water. He opened the historic (now demolished) Coffee Cup Restaurant, the favorite social institution of Ruskin for many decades. During the Depression, Paul and his wife Esther Cralle Dickman helped make ends meet by s e l l i n g coffee and pie to locals, tourists, and truckers. The Coffee Cup Restaurant The Dickmans turned over management to Willie and Mary Walker in 1936. Meanwhile, Paul Dickman acquired many acres of devalued or tax-repossessed real estate, and focused his Ruskin College training in engineering on innovations to improve local farming. In the 1950s. many of Mr. Dickman's innovations helped make Ruskin known as "The Salad Bowl of America". He invented new types of harvesting machines and st art ed “pre-packing” to mat o es in cellophane. He tried new delivery methods. For these efforts, he received many agricultural prizes and awards. During this time, Paul Dickman and others founded the Ruskin Vegetable Corporation. From 1934 until the early 1950s, the major social event of Ruskin’s year was the Tomato Festival. It combined features of a county fair, beauty pageant, and a political rally. The festival has been resurrected on the first weekend each May as the Ruskin Tomato and Heritage Festival, presented by the Ruskin Community Development Foundation, Inc. Shellpoint mound with hotel on top; circa 1906 Evidence of Indian presence near Ruskin was discovered in three shell mounds: Thomas Mound located near the mouth of the Little Manatee River on its north bank; Selner Mound on the south side of the Little Manatee River; and Mound Key in the aquatic preserve of Cockroach Bay. These mounds were investigated several times in the 1890s by Clarence B. Moore and during the 1930s by J. Clarence Simpson. Discoveries included pottery sherds, cherts, weapons, and burial remains. On Cockroach Key, Moore and Simpson found buried remains of many young skeletons -- evidence of an early epidemic. Archaeologists have estimated that the area of Thomas Mound was continuously occupied from 100 A.D. until about 1600 A.D. This means that these natives were present in this area at the time of Spanish exploration. PALEO PAST COMMUNITY SERVICES One and a half to two million years ago the area around Ruskin was populated by a wide variety of vertebrate animals. Frank Garcia, noted paleontologist, discovered the proof in 1983 when he found animal bones preserved in limestone formations at the Leisey Shell Pit. As the shell pit operators exposed layers of shell and limestone, Garcia watched. Finally, one day he looked up a twenty-foot wall and saw what he had hoped for -- fossilized bones, teeth, and tusks. The Twentieth Century Club was formed in 1912, by Adaline Dickman Miller. Far more than a social club, its members' activities involved improving education, the home, and the wider community. In the ear ly 1940s t he Twent iet h Cent ury Club changed its name to the Ruskin Woman's Club. At about the same time, the Miller family deeded the Ruskin College President’s home to the club. Garcia, his colleagues, and many dedicated volunteers began a multi‑year project that unearthed many significant fossil discoveries at the Leisey Shell Pit. This site produced the largest North American Sloth skeleton ever discovered; and according to Garcia, "Over 140 different species of animals, with nearly twenty of them being new to science." Adaline Dickman Miller The Chamber of Commerce formed in 1928. Membership was open to anyone of good character over sixteen. The membership fee was fifty cents; dues were one dollar per year. Wall of bones found in 1983 Between these two groups, the Woman’s Club and the Chamber of Commerce, the basic needs of the community were somehow met. Members organized a volunteer fire service and collected trash for proper disposal. They fought for more teachers and improved school facilities. Over the years, each organization provided space for a public library. The elementary school expanded from a one‑room wooden schoolhouse to a complex of several brick buildings with hundreds of students. Many services were needed because Ruskin and other rural locales of the South Shore area remained isolated from Tampa. Volunteers of the Paleo Preserve carefully preserved the fossils for study at the University of Florida. The fossils found in Ruskin will help inform future generations about the evolution of vertebrates. The “Leisey Collection” can be viewed at the Paleo Preserve Fossil Museum at the Camp Bayou Outdoor Learning Center, located at the end of 24th St SE in Ruskin. For at least twenty years, two people were essential to providing the basic medical needs of the area. "Doc" John Henry Harris from Wimauma rode a circuit in the county and was assisted by nurse Joyce Ely. The present-day clinic in Ruskin is named in her honor. Finally, in the 1940s, "Doc" Harris opened an office several days a week in Ruskin. Exactly what happened to these extinct mammals is still largely unexplained. Garcia believes that the shell pits covered what was once an ancient river bed w he r e t h e animals came to drink and rest. For more information about Ruskin’s historic past or to offer your stories, photos and memories to the Ruskin collection: Contact: Fred Jacobsen Phone: 813-298-6028 Email: fred@RuskinHistory.org Be sure to visit the website of the Ruskin Historical Society www.RuskinHistory.org A Brief History of Ruskin, Florida The Ruskin Historical Society would like to thank Ruskin Community Development Foundation, Inc. www.ruskinfoundation.org and Hillsborough County Office of Neighborhood Relations www.hillsboroughcounty.org for assistance in producing this booklet. Our appreciation to the Ruskin Chamber of Commerce and Florida Humanities Council for producing the first edition of this history. Additional text editing by A. Mc Miller, Ph.D. Layout by Dolly Cummings Second edition RCDF © 2005 The area now known as Ruskin has a fascinating history...