IPM 2015.9.15 Akwesasne 1

9/21/15 It crawls, it bites, it stings Dealing with pests in and around the home Safely and Effectively: Part I What is a pest? Human deEinition: organism that reduces the availability, quality or value of a resource; human health Context dependent Only about 1% of insects are considered pests ? Matt Frye, PhD NYS IPM Program mjf267@cornell.edu www.nysipm.cornell.edu http://cisr.ucr.edu/asian_tiger_mosquito.html Where do pests come from? http://www.inquisitr.com http://bugguide.net/node/view/175888 Why Are Pests a Problem? Human environments provide pest requirements |food| http://www.creationstudies.org/Education/can_nothing_produce_something.html Spontaneous generation disproven |water| |shelter| http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO%20205/LessonBuilders/Chapter%201%20LB/Ch1LessonBuilder_print.html Pest Requirements at Home Pest Requirements at Home stove top secret spillage hideout drawer tops crumb catchers sink back wet decomposer toaster crumb creator 1 9/21/15 Pest Requirements at Home Multifamily Housing Inherit poor housing waste basket neglected nuggets Renter, not owner Resource availability InsufEicient free time garbage cans abused receptacles Health Risks: Asthma Health Risks: Disease (rodents) Bubonic Plague Murine Typhus Lyme Disease Rat-­‐Bite Fever Hantavirus Food-­‐Borne Illness http://galleryhip.com/cockroach-­‐feces.html Allergens from mice and cockroaches one fecal spot can sensitize and sustain allergic reactions Rodent-­‐Borne Disease www.ventura.org/rma/envhealth/technical-­‐services/vector/hantavirus.html Salmonella viable in rodent droppings for 86 days Febrile Illness Rodent-­‐Borne Disease http://members.madasaEish.com/~cj_whitehound/
Rats_Nest/Ship_Rats/Maintenance.htm http://biogeekery.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/plague/ 2 9/21/15 Arthropod-­‐Borne Disease Origin of IPM changing agricultural practices and the development of monocultures http://caracaschronicles.com/2015/07/30/venezuelas-­‐invisible-­‐malaria-­‐problem/ West Nile Virus Chikungunya Malaria http://tywkiwdbi.blogspot.com/2014_03_01_archive.html Lyme Disease Powassan Virus Anaplasmosis Pest Control http://www.herbanlivingbandb.com/HerbanLivingFarm/index.htm http://thesilverclouddiet.com/2009/09/voting-­‐with-­‐your-­‐fork-­‐weight-­‐loss/ Structural & Species Diversity Structural & Species Uniformity The Problem Pesticides developed after WWII Crop and personal protection Calendar sprays Cost of Control > Cost of Damage http://www.k4health.org/pr/m15/m15print.shtml http://www.wmich.edu/registrar/calendars/ $$$ http://www.clemson.edu/extension/pest_ed/history/b.html http://www.whale.to/b/typhus_pic.html More Problems Insecticide resistance, secondary pest emergence Biological magniEication & Carson’s Silent Spring The Solution Some level of damage can be tolerated http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_resistance http://www.extension.org/pages/19915/insect-­‐pest-­‐management:-­‐differences-­‐between-­‐conventional-­‐and-­‐organic-­‐farming-­‐systems 3 9/21/15 IPM as a Solution Combine traditional chemical control with: Cultural Control: alter practices that favor pests (sanitation) Biological Control: natural enemies control pests Physical Control: make the environment unsuitable for pests (temperature, moisture, light) Mechanical Control: traps to monitor and/or kill pests Challenges in Urban PM Insecticide resistance Secondary and non-­‐target poisoning: rodenticides IPM as a Solution IPM aims to reduce reliance on pesticides IPM does not mean “no pesticides” Why are pesticides a concern? •  Exposure concerns: acute, chronic toxicity •  Asthma related to pesticide use •  Silver bullets do not exist for pests •  Misuse: cannot apply in workplace Urban Pest Management calendar sprays and baseboard jockeys still exist why? http://batzner.com http://action.panna.org/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=8700 http://www.healthywildlife.ca/ http://killerforhire.net/inspections-­‐pest-­‐control.html Urban Pest Management Economic Injury Level replaced by Aesthetic Injury Level (often, not a single pest is tolerated) www.diybiopestcontrol.com/protocol.php The Goal of IPM Solve the problem in the short term Prevent problems in the long term The New York State Integrated Pest Management Program develops sustainable ways to manage pests and helps people to use methods that minimize environmental, health and economic risks. 4 9/21/15 IPM as a Process treat the problem not the symptom Pest Detective Mindset 1.  Inspection 2.  IdentiEication (pests and favorable conditions) 3.  Pest Reduction Short-­‐Term: Manage Pest Numbers Long-­‐Term: Manage Pest Habitat 4.  Monitoring 5.  Documentation Communicate with the Client Think of gathering information, not spray and pray This is the Eirst part of your inspection! VS Information about where, when, how many… Client identiEication may not be accurate Previous management efforts? www.plentyoftwenties.com/wp-­‐content/uploads/2013/01/detective-­‐2.gif www.mindflash.com/blog/2010/12/3-­‐lessons-­‐trainers-­‐can-­‐learn-­‐from-­‐marketers/ Where to Begin Form a hypothesis… What pests? What problem? What questions would you ask? -­‐Where are the pests being found? -­‐How often are pests seen? -­‐How many pests are being seen? -­‐What time of day? -­‐What time of year? http://elizabethkuhnke.wordpress.com/ Some Things to Keep in Mind Pest Requirements |food| |water| |shelter| 5 9/21/15 Train yourself to see what others overlook Inspection Pest Evidence: droppings cast skins pathways tracks odor critters! Complaint of mice Complaint of Zlies Complaint of roaches Neglected areas that are out of sight or hard to clean Pests are Cryptic Keep in Mind… seek shadows and cover Bathroom Kitchen Living Room Closet Bedroom Closet Finding Pest Populations warmth undisturbed near food moist contact dark moist warmth near food undisturbed dark 6 9/21/15 Inspection Inspection Where do they Zind food? Where do they Zind food? Inspection Inspection Where do they Zind water? How do they get inside? Inspection Pathways How do they get inside? exterior to interior between rooms between Zloors 7 9/21/15 Inspection Size Matters How do they get inside? gaps > 1/4” 3.5 to 4 mm = rats openings > 3/8” 1 to 2 mm = mice Rodent teeth grow approximately 5 inches per year! www.dynamisch.nu/feno/english/e5mouse.html Inspection Inspection Where do they call home? Where do they call home? Protected Undisturbed Dark Interpret the Evidence Inspection Where do they call home? What is the problem? What are the breeding sources? Develop a plan: What sanitation recommendations? 3.5 to 4 inch openings -­‐1 main entrance -­‐2 bolt holes ±8 rodents per burrow What exclusion recommendations? Is a pesticide application needed? 8 9/21/15 Are you a Keen Observer? IPM as a Process Do you see any conditions that would support pest populations or provide entry/harborage? 1.  Inspection 2.  IdentiEication (pests and favorable conditions) 3.  Pest Reduction Short-­‐Term: Manage Pest Numbers Long-­‐Term: Manage Pest Habitat 4.  Monitoring 5.  Documentation Keep in mind: Food, Water, Shelter, *Pathways* IdentiZication IdentiZication offers information about an organisms biology, habits, lifecycle and considerations for management who identiEies your pests? http://beespotter.mste.illinois.edu/topics/mimics/ effective treatment relies on accurate identi1ication www.co.monmouth.nj.us/PrintPage.aspx?Id=2856 www.bedbugplague.com/?p=892 Pest Evidence: Droppings Pest Evidence: Droppings pupae or poopie? 9 9/21/15 Pest Evidence: Droppings Norway Rat cockroach egg case cockroach droppings Common Pests: Mammals House Mouse American Cockroach Common Pests: Insects Flies Cockroaches Deer Mouse House Mouse www.factzoo.com/insects/
carpenter-­‐ants.html Biting/Stinging Insects Norway Rat http://pestcontrolmk.co.uk/ www.resolve-­‐pc.com/insect-­‐control-­‐info/ IPM as a Process 1.  Inspection 2.  IdentiEication (pests and favorable conditions) 3.  Pest Reduction Short-­‐Term: Manage Pest Numbers Long-­‐Term: Manage Pest Habitat 4.  Monitoring 5.  Documentation http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drosophila_repleta_lateral.jpg Ants Bayer Ant IdentiEication Guide www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?photo_id=3442 www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/EleshEly.html Reduce Pest Populations Physical and Mechanical Controls Insect Light Trap Passive Trap Sticky Trap Glue Traps Snap Traps Vacuums (tin cat) 10 9/21/15 Setting a Trap Vacuums and IPM Vacuum to eliminate pests -­‐HEPA vacuum -­‐Odor concerns -­‐Disposal Place traps in runways or corners Used for: cockroaches, ants, droppings (safely!), stinging insects, occasional invaders… Bait trap from back Complement current food Use pen/pencil to avoid snap! Rats are Neophobic Know Your Environment Pre-­‐bait to overcome fear of new objects www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/nyregion/the-­‐park-­‐is-­‐a-­‐mess-­‐it-­‐must-­‐be-­‐monday-­‐
morning.html?_r=0 Trap baited, but not set Trap set after 3+ days City Park Crawl Space (rat is visiting trap) Where would you put a trap? good or bad placement? www.heartchoices.com/2010/11/are-­‐you-­‐ready-­‐to-­‐declutter.html reduce clutter Setting a Trap entrance corner heat source why? 11 9/21/15 Reduce Pest Populations Are You A Pest Detective? Importance of formulation [baits] Horizontal transfer Low-­‐risk products www.Elickr.com/photos/davidbazan/ untouched bait station www.entm.purdue.edu/ www.epestsolutions.com/info/pest_control_kits.html IPM as a Process Manage Pest Habitat 1.  Inspection 2.  IdentiEication (pests and favorable conditions) 3.  Pest Reduction Short-­‐Term: Manage Pest Numbers Long-­‐Term: Manage Pest Habitat 4.  Monitoring 5.  Documentation Sanitation is Pest Management Eliminate Food Resources Eliminates food -­‐clean hard to reach places Eliminates water -­‐repair leaks; drainage Eliminates shelter -­‐reduce clutter Eliminate Food Resources Inspect purchased food Verify expiration date Do not overbuy F.I.F.O [Eirst in, Eirst out] hDp://kerrysimpleliving.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.html 12 9/21/15 Eliminate Food Resources Eliminate Entry Points foundation gaps hDp://liIpak.com/ hDp://liIpak.com/ >50 feet from structure bring trash out, not pests in Eliminate Entry Points Vegetation free zone Seal around windows Door sweeps exterior openings utility chases gaps under doors Eliminate Entry Points http://www.homerepairtutor.com/how-­‐to-­‐remove-­‐silicone-­‐caulk-­‐with-­‐lift-­‐off-­‐caulk-­‐foam-­‐
sealant-­‐remover/ Foams dry, collapse and become brittle (sunlight) Caulk dries and pulls away from surfaces Sealants maintain their shape, but must be maintained Eliminate Entry Points Eliminate Clutter Seal gaps to exclude pests moisture 13 9/21/15 Eliminate Clutter Fire risk Hazardous entry Sanitation concerns Pest harborage www.health.vic.gov.au/agedcare/publications/hoarding/cirs.pdf Hoarding is considered a disorder “persistent difDiculty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value” www.corvallisadvocate.com/tag/clutter/ IPM as a Process Inspection v. Monitoring 1.  Inspection 2.  IdentiEication (pests and favorable conditions) 3.  Pest Reduction Short-­‐Term: Manage Pest Numbers Long-­‐Term: Manage Pest Habitat 4.  Monitoring 5.  Documentation Monitoring 0 0 0 1 0 1 monitoring record of time IPM as a Process Reveals pest trends and problem areas 0 inspection moment in time ? ? 1.  Inspection 2.  IdentiEication (pests and favorable conditions) 3.  Pest Reduction Short-­‐Term: Manage Pest Numbers Long-­‐Term: Manage Pest Habitat 4.  Monitoring 5.  Documentation 14 9/21/15 Communication Documentation What do you say to the customer? observations, recommendations & treatments Explain why pest is present. Explain damage caused by pest. Explain your treatment and how it will work. Will the customer see more pests? If so, what should they do? Use information to make decisions Assess program goals IPM as a Cyclic Process Go ahead… ask me questions. Tour of the NYS IPM Website Tour of the NYS IPM Website www.nysipm.cornell.edu/buildings/ Zive commodity working groups •  Fruits •  Vegetables •  Livestock and Field Crops •  Ornamentals and Turf •  Community 15 9/21/15 What’s Bugging You? www.nysipm.cornell.edu/whats_bugging_you/ What’s Bugging You? General info about pests, by group Links to additional resources (on & off the NYS IPM page) Click “What’s Bugging You?” What’s Bugging You? NYS IPM Blog http://blogs.cornell.edu/nysipm/ Click “ThinkIPM blog” NYS IPM Blog http://blogs.cornell.edu/nysipm/ Short posts about a variety of topics in all IPM commodities Sign up to receive an e-­‐mail when new content is available Community IPM Click on “Buildings & Schools” 16 9/21/15 Pest IdentiZication Key www.nysipm.cornell.edu/pest_key Pest IdentiZication Key Helps you to identify a pest that you have collected by giving you two choices on each page. Click “Pest IdentiEication Center” Pest IdentiZication Key Click on any image if you see your pest, or on the the term that best describes your pest. Fact Sheets www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/buildings/ Click “Fact Sheets” Fact Sheets Table of Contents Factsheet by group 17 9/21/15 Manuals, Brochures & Articles www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/pubbldg.asp Click “Manuals, Brochures & Articles” A collection of resources on best management practices and regulations for pest professionals working in buildings www.nysipm.cornell.edu/buildings/ Matt Frye 914.285.4633 mjf267@cornell.edu *Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunity* 18