Ms. Pamela Anderson Member of the Board for International Food

2016 Central America Summit
Ms. Pamela Anderson
Member of the Board for International Food and
Agriculture Development (BIFAD) and
Director General Emeritus
International Potato Center
Featured Speaker
Central America Summit: Forging a Viable Future
INVESTMENTS
TO ACCLERATE
PROGRESS
Pamela K. Anderson
28 June 2016
CIP Director General Emerita
BIFAD Member
Investments to Accelerate Progress
Introduction
TARGETING
SUSTAINABILITY
ACCOUNTABILITY
By 2050, the world population is
expected to reach 9.7 billion
We will need to increase food
production by 70%
International Potato Center
Agriculture’s share in growth 1990-2005
The Functions of Agriculture Differ
in the Three Worlds of Agriculture
80%
Agriculture based countries
Mainly SS-Africa
417 million rural people
20%
Urbanized countries
Transforming countries
Mainly Latin America
255 million rural people
0
0
Mainly Asia, MENA
2.2 billion rural people
50%
100%
Rural poor/total poor, 2002
Source: World Bank 2007
TARGETING:
Geography, children, youth,
& women
Latin America is the Region with the
Highest Degree of Economic Inequity
Source: thecollaboratory.wikidot.com
Economic Inequity
in the Northern Triangle
Annual GDP
Growth
Honduras
3.5% (WB 2014)
Guatemala 4.2% (WB 2014)
El Salvador 2.0% (WB 2014)
Gini Coefficient
53.7 (WB 2013)
52.4 (WB 2011)
43.5 (WB 2013)
Honduras - Zones of Influence
Total Population:
8,075 million
(UN 2015)
$1.25 Poverty:
13.4% (2010)
ZoI Population:
1.5 million (FtF)
ZoI $1.25 Poverty
45.8% (FtF baseline)
CHILDHOOD STUNTING
In 2015, of the 7.3 billion people on the planet:
794 million are calorie deficient
2 billion people are micronutrient deficient
161 million children <5 are stunted
Source: 2015 Global Nutrition Report (IFPRI)
Age: 2 yr 9 mo
Age: 2 yr 6 mo
BW: 10.7 kg
BW: 11.6 kg
Height: 78.3 cm
Height: 86.4 cm
Girls from ANDAHUAYLAS
(Photograph: Courtesy of UNICEF)
Childhood Stunting in the
Northern Triangle
Prevalence of stunting < 5 children
1992 1997 2002 2007 2014
El Salvador 36.7
Honduras 42.5
Guatemala 54.1
29.5
44.5
55.4
32.3
34.5
50.0
24.6
29.9
50.1
14.0
22.7
44.0
Source: UNICEF, WHO, WB (GHI 2015)
Honduras - Zones of Influence
STUNTING
Total Stunting
22.7%
(GHI 2015)
ZoI Stunting
38.5% < 5 children
(FtF)
Guatemala - Zones of Influence
STUNTING
Total Stunting
44.0%
(GHI 2015)
ZoI Stunting
67.4% < 5 children
(FtF)
Percentual Contribution of
Determinant Factors to Malnutrition
Health
Food
19.3%
26.1%
Women Status
11.6%
Female Education
43.0%
Source: Smith & Haddad 2000
MSGC
Prevalence of Stunting
by Highest Levels of Maternal Education
80
Prevalence of stunting
70
60
50
None
Primary
Secundary
Higher
40
30
20
10
0
Bolivia
Colombia Dominican Guatemala
Rep.
2003
2005
Haiti
2002
Peru
2005
2004-6
2002
Source: OPS, Salud en las Americas 2007
The Youth Bulge
AFRICA
ASIA
LAC
< 15 Years
41%
26%
24%
15 – 24 Years
19%
17%
16%
TOTAL
60%
43%
40%
Source: UN World Population Prospects, 2015 Revision
Six Challenges from LAC Rural Youth
Institutions and communities do not recognize or pay attention to
young people
Urban/rural dichotomy
Lack of assets
Limited market access
Limited integration into development programs
Limited access to education and training
Source: IFAD Governing Council 2011
School Drop Out Rates in
Central America
139
Source: Adelman & Szekely (World Bank) 2016
Women as
Agents of Transformation
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture
Index (WEAI)
5 Empowerment Domains
Decision-making in production
Access to productive resources
Control over use of income
Community leadership
Time allocation
Guatemala – WEAI PILOT
625 individuals
22.8% of women
empowered
Lack of:
Community
leadership
Control over
income
Access to
resources
SUSTAINABILITY:
through government
& private sector
Government’s Social Compact
Creating policy for an enabling environment
Investing in infrastructure
Investing in education
Investing in public goods research
Pests and Diseases –
Ongoing Challenges
Photo: Francisco Morales, CIAT
New Challenges – Coffee Rust
Climate Change
Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa
140 new varieties in 13 countries of
sub-Saharan Africa on an estimated
1.23 million hectares benefiting 3 million
households
Supplied by 110 African seed companies
Photos: CIMMYT
Agricultural Science & Technology
Indicators (ASTI)
Total Agricultural
Researchers
(FTEs)
Honduras
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Mexico
88
142
242
3,967
Total Ag
Spending
(millions, 2011)
7.5
15.6
37.1
710.4
Source: Ag Reserach in LAC, Stads et al (IFPR) 2016
Private Sector:
Driver of Inclusive, Sustainable
Value Chains
Inclusive Businesses
…profitable busineses that integrate
the low-income segments into their
mainstream business activities as
consumers, distributors, suppliers,
and/or employees – to create shared
value.
Source: USAID “Partnerning for Innovation”
Mesoamerican Staples
Value Addition for Staples
Photos: CIMMYT
Extreme Poverty in Peru
Source: GRADE (Peru) 2003
PERU: Native Potato Chips Market
Creative
imitations
MT
Large
Certification
companies
2000
1000
PMCA:
Commercial
Innovation
2002
2004
2006
2008
2009
Spaces Dedicated to Potatoes
- Supermarkets in 2014 -
Diversification to High-Value Crops
Loroco
Sharing Value
Along the Value Chain
Seeds
fertilizers
IPM
technologies
Advisory
services
Input provider
Improved
production
Improved
quality
Fair market
prices
Farmer
Procurement
Processing
Transport
Retail sales
Packaging
Commercial venues
Distributing
Wholesaler
Processor
Retail
ACCOUNTABILITY:
Metrics, indicators &
learning for impact
Feed the Future Results Framework
Thank you
166