ROSEリポジトリいばらき （茨城大学学術情報リポジトリ）

ROSEリポジトリいばらき （茨城大学学術情報リポジトリ）
Title
Author(s)
Citation
Issue Date
URL
A Report on the Inland Fishery in Japan
SAKAE. TAKAHASHI
茨城大学教育学部紀要(7): 25-37
1958-03
http://hdl.handle.net/10109/10826
Rights
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します。引用、転載、複製等される場合は、著作権法を遵守してください。
お問合せ先
茨城大学学術企画部学術情報課（図書館） 情報支援係
http://www.lib.ibaraki.ac.jp/toiawase/toiawase.html
9
25
A Report on the
Inland Fishery in Japan
By
Sakae Takahashi
The entire fish catch in Japan amount to one−foufth of that of the whole
world and the consumption quantity is also ranked first in the world．
Exportation of the marine products， however， is very little being not more
than five or six per cent of the consumption within the country．
1954 Supply of calorie， protein， The left hand’table show you
＿55 and lipid per person， what an important place the food
per day
value got of fish and shellfish holds
Calorie Protein『Lipid
@（cal） （9） （9） as the source of supPly for the
Meat 11．9 1．7 0．4 Japanese peoPle・
Algae O．0 0．1 0．0 一
The number of fishermen in Japan run into around fifteen miUion which
reach about a half of the entire fishermen all over the world． This fact tells
an importance of fishing is mich heavier ih the industrlal organization in this
country compared to that of in the European and American countries．
The haul of the inland fishery is very a few， amounting not more than
と
P・9per cent of the entire fish catch；total fish catch：about 4，900，000 ton；the
coast and ocean fishing hau1：98．1％． However， if the self−supporting petty
catches not appearlng in the statistics were added together， they would come
to a considerable quantity．
The main products of the inland fishery are such as chum salmon，1ake
trout， eel， pond smelt， sweetfish， carp， crucian carp， corbicula， shrimp， etc．
They have long been familiar on the tables of the general public in our
country since the olden times． The food value of the games from the inland
fishing had been especially great during the last war while nearly no sea
product was gained becau§e of the frequent and severe ai卜raids．
26 Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN
In the management side of the inland fishing industry， while the fisher一
men’s houses which have no more than five persons engaging in the job hold
96．7per cent of all the fishermen’s house and the average number of persons
engaged per house is I．52 persons， the total of the enterprise management
bodies of more than six persons is only 3．3 per cent． These figures are
remarkably small compared to 91．8％and 8．3％rospectively in the case of
the coast and ocean fisheries。
The lake fishing industry， approaching to the average of 2．18 persons of
the sea−fishermen’s houses， is slightly bigger than the other inland fishermen．
As to the holding conditions of fishing vessels， those who have no fishing
boats are 33．7per cent；those who have only fishing boats without motor are
60．6per cent；those who are holding motor boats aro 4．7 per cent of all the
inland fishermen。 They stand inferior compared to the coast and ocean fisher一
men’s figures of 19．3％，57．7％and 23．0％respectively． The average rate of
fishing boats held by a management body is O．72 per cent， and 90 per cent of
the boats are the one not exceeding three tons．
At present， three hundred and ten thousand people are engaged in this
industry。 Among them，11．5 por cent are exclusively engaged in it， while
88．5％are byworkers， of whom 14・8％is A class byworkers while 73・7％is B
class． To classify the said byworkers according to the major sources of their
incomes， we find；
A．Households which depend on the incomes of independent enterprise are
237，219that is 78．9per cent of the entire number．
B．Households which depend on the employed income are 63，389 that is
21．1per cent of the same．
The households belonging to A can still more be classified according to the
kinds of enterprises；
Wholesale＆retail sale shops 26，350 household （8．25％）
Services 14，229 〃 （4．73％）
Manufacturing 12，992 〃 （4．32％）
Forestry 9，028 〃 （3・04％）
Fish and water products rearing 7，742 〃 （2．58％）
，
The water surface utilized for the inland fishery is mainly of lakes and ’
rivers and rice fields are partially put to practical use． But， in addition to the
entire surface is so small and narrow to limit the fishing places and also to
fix the quantity of resources， the illcrease in the number of fishermen and
the over−catching after the war have caused the decrease in the amount of
．
?≠浮撃奄獅〟B Therefore， for the reinforcement of the production power， varlous
kinds of multiplication measures such as artificial incubation of fish eggs，
discharge of stocked fish are being taken now， including all kinds of restric一
tions to maintain and cultivate the resources。
To see the inland water surface classified by river and lake fisheries， it
is as follows；
River（A） Lake（B）
Number，・f r・gul・・m・mbers・f thefi・he「− 90．6％ 9．4％ mens unlons
Number of regular members of the fisher一
men’s unionswho engage in the job for 53．2％ 26．4％
less than 30 days
Number of regular members of the fisher一
men’s unions who engage in the lob for 5．1％ 27．6％
more than 90 days
Amount of haul compared：Total 37．5％ 62．5％
per person 46．1kg 938kg
As is shown in the above， the fishermen in the Iake fishery work more days
and have twenty times of the haul more than those of the fishermen in the
river fishery。 The features classified by the major sources of income are
shown in the following table．
River（A） Lake（B）
a。Household engaging in fishing and other water 1．8％ 10．5％ products rearing
c．Farmers in independent management 51．2％ 69．6％
Among the inland fishermen， about 10 por cent of the entire number
depend upon lakes， marshes creeks， inlets￡or their fishing Places and still
half of thern are distributed along the cQasts of big lakes and rnarshes such
」
28 Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN
as Biwa−ko， Kasumi−ga−ura． In the following chart， I wi11 especially show the
1ake fishing industry which makes the kernel of the inland fisheries in
Japan．
Names Locality Square Number Kinds Annual
・f（Pref凸Kil・・G・・graphica1 Features遥lh窪 ・f ㍑霊tLakes cture） metre men Fish ton）
Biwa− Shiga 675 86 metres above the sea 6，600 Sweet−fish 10，661
ko leve1． Deeper in the Lake trout
north−western Part（96 Crucian
metres at the deepest carp
spot）， shallower in the Carp
south−eastern part． The Shrimp
northern half of it is Corbicula
affected by the weather ．
in the type of thecoast
of Japan Sea， while the
southern half of it by
that of the Pacific side
of Japan． （Poor in the
north， Rich in the 、
South）
※ Akita 223 An inlet lake developed 4，120 Pond smelt 6，200
Hachi− from two sand−bars． White bait
ro−gata Shallow， flat bottom Crucian
ground．4．7 metres at ca「P
the deepest spot． Goby
Affected by the weather Shrimp
in thet ype of the coast
of Japan Sea’Freezing
Pn Wlnter （Rich）
● 0
Kasumi−Ibaraki 189 Flat bottom ground． 3，200 3，300
ga−ura Shallow in depth．7．6
metres at the deepest
sPot． Coast line is lon9．
（Rich）
一
Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN 才9
幽一一
鼈鼈黷k一幽h−一一
※ Shima− 83 Rectangle stretching 1，450 Crucian 744
Shinji− ne from east to west． Flat carP
ko bottom ground。6．4m。 Pond smelt
at the deepest spot。 Corbicula
The level of water var− Shrimp
ies according to the ebb
and flow．（Rich）
ﾕ
一一 ※ Shizu− 71 The deepest part（15．8 3，536 Eel 4・787
Hama− oka m．）is at the northern Shrimp
na−ko part。 The lake abounds Bream
in branches． The cent・ Laver
ral part has flat bottom Oyster
ground。 The place of
the mouth of the lake
mOVeS greatly．
The level of water var．
ies according to the ti騨
de．（Rich）
一｝
Kita− Ibaraki 40 The lake， stretchng 742 Pond−smelt 1，178
ura long narrowly from so− Crucian
uth to north， has many carP
branches and is shallow Carp
in depth．10 metres at Ee1
the deepest spot in the
northern part。（RiCh）
※ Ishト 23 This is an inlet lake 1，925 Crucian 1，264
Kaho− kawa made up being separat− carp
ku−gata’ ed by the sa取d−hills． Eel
Flat bottom ground．1．2 Pondsmelt
一1．5metres in depth． Corbicula
Affected by the weath一
er in the type of the
coast of Japan Sea。
（Rich）
Suwa− Nagano 14760 metres above the 1，176 Pond−smelt 570
ko sea level．7metres at Carp
the deepest sPot． C「ucian
Freezing in winter。 carp
（Rich） Corbicula
A
30 Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN
Notes： L The names of the lakes are listed according to their sizes．
2． ※mark shows‘‘Brackish Lake”．
3． ‘‘Rich”means‘‘Eutrophic”1ake， while‘‘Poor”‘‘Oligotrophic”．
Natural Conditions of Lakes and Marshes
Broadly to classify the distribution of the lakes and marshes in Japan， there
are a few in the south−western part and more in the north−eastern parts．
Moreover， since the Japanese islands stretch long in the sphere of 30 to 45
degrees of the north latitude and there are ranges of mountains running along
the are of the main island， which climatically affect upon the lakes and
marshes a great deal． So the lakes are different in nature divided by the
border of the mountains． Some lakes are located near the seashores of Japan
Sea， Sea of Okhotsk， etc． and some others in the inland area． The former are
mostly shallow and eutrophic， while the latter are generally situated high
above sea−1eve1， the depth of water are deep and they are oligotrophic（but
Suwa−ko is eutrophic）． Most of them were made because of the depression of
1and or of the origin of valcanoes．
．
she lakes in Hokkaido， Hachiro−gata on the coast of Japan Sea， Suwa−ko，
Kawaguchi−ko， Yamanaka−ko， Haruna−ko， etc． in inland part freeze in winter．
As were mentioned before， the natural conditions of the lakes varies
respectively， we find the different phenomenon at each lake as to the families
of fish， fishing implements and also the method of fishing．
To describe the fishermen who are the main constituents of the lake
fishing industry，10．8 percent of approximate thirty thousands of them is
exclusively engaging in it， while about 89．2per cent is concurrently engaged．
Annual average haul of a fisherman is l．7tons even for the one who fishes
at the big lake or marsh． It is very far smaller comparing with 2．8 tons in
the case of coast and ocean fishery． Of item30f products fish hold a half of
them while shel1−fish and alga have another half sharing it by halves． Here
again he is in a different situation from a seaイisherman whose fish catch
reach a little under 80 per cent of his entire haul．
The fisher塒eR whQ exclusively engage三n this industry includes n寒any of
Takahashi： On the IN五AND FISHERY in JAPA．N 31
those who cohld not have found their way into the agricultural field even by
the agricultural reform in 1945， such as petty peasants in the lower class of F
the rninor farmers， the second or third sons of farming households， war
victims， repatriates， etc． In fact， they had abundant of staple food before the
1ast war， so the fishermen rarely had desire to own farm land， but most of
the fishermen partly conducted farming as tenants． Accordingly， they have
not only fund to purchase fishing boats and implements， but also the produc一
tion methods of this rank are mostly very poor． Therefore， besides the fishing
of their own management， they have to engage in other works such as Iabor
job work of fishery or other employment， or working away from home at
another part of the country of overseas。
The occupations concurrently engaged in by the fishermen are mostly
agriculture and forestry concern． Approximately 70 per cent of those who
concurrently engage in this industry perform farming of their own manage一
ment． Many of them engage in fishing as by−work after having their livelihood
based on farming． According to this fact， we cannot grasp the actual conditions
of their living unless we extend our consideration into the aspect of their
agriCUItUral management．
Generally speaking， the scale of their farm management is comparatively
一 1arger than that of the fishermen living near the sea−coast． Nevertheless about
30per cent of them reaches the class of people who owns the land of 1．23一
2．5acres． That is to say that the poor farmers living in the Iake−side are
asking call for fishing as their bywork in making good use of geographical
situation． The most of farm lands they own are generally rice−fields easy to
be affected with flood or drought disasters， or located at the places of produc・
tively ill−conditions．
Among the fishermen who concurrently engage in fishery，28．4per cent is
working in Iabor jobs． Specially among those living near the Hachiro−gata and
Kahoku−gata on the coast of Japan Sea， there are many who go to work in
coast−and−ocean fishing in Hokkaido and the western part of Japan Sea。
Most of approximately thirteen hundred part−time fishermen around Hachi一
ro−gata go tQ wQrk in the drift−net fishing of herring in Hokkaido， Those who
32 Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN
work in the western half of the Iake go there specially many in number．
This phenomenon is due to the various factors such natural and community’s
economical conditions that the soil of the said district is consisted of sand and
mud developed of two lines of sand−bars and is easily be affected by drought
disasters；that the plans for utilizing the land are not pushed on because the
land itself is poor in productive power， that the rice−fields beside the Iake are
mostly of turbary and dram ill， that it is climatically located in the single−crop
area because of snowdrifts；scantiness of farm lands；pressure of exceeding
Iabor power；dullness of industrial construction enterprises；in addition to the
historical background of this district that the people of the district had
traditiollally gone to work at another part of the country from the old days・
In the vicinity of Kahoku−gata，80 per cent of eight hundred fishermen
who work away from home， though the entire number of fishermen have
decreased to a half of that before the last war， is participating in the gill−net
fishing of sardines and the drag−net fishery with middle−size motorboats at
the western part of Japan Sea， and the herring fishing in Hokkaido． It is only
two or three months during a year that they stay at their own village． The
western part of the lake， from where many fishermen go， is a sand dune area
near the seashore where productivity is very low． The cultivated lands are
mostly owned by petty farmers who have o．25−0．75 acres． It is the fact
that 10 per cent of rice for private consumption for a year can only be
secured for those who live there． However owing to the dullness of herring
fishery and the droblem of Ree−1ine， border set in the seas between Japan
and South K6reaジtheir working away from home have recently been showing
atendency to gradual decrease， while on the other hand no such a phenome・
non is recognized among the fishermen in the inland part and at the lakes
and marshes along the coast of Pacific Ocean．
The certain degree of development of the lake fishing as commercial
products has brought them a differentiation of classes。 At some places where
the natural conditions are specially better for fishing， some fishermen who are
concurrently engaging in it and also own the land of more than five acres
manage rniniature industrial operations of fishing with a few elnployes， invest一
Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in工APAN 33
ing the accumulated agricultural profits in fishery， however， such employ・
ments are merely of ternporary contracts because the fishing is restricted by
season．
The production means of the lake fishing are in the small scale and
inferior compared to the coast−and−ocean fishing。 The average number of I
vessels owned by an operation body is O．88 that is less than 1．O per cent．
The classification of the fishelmen by owning fishing boats is as follows；
Those who do not own 20。6％
Those who own boats without rnotor 72．1％
Those who own motorboats 7．3％
The proportion of the fishermen with and without motorboats is 93％vs 7％．
To classify the motorboats owned by scale， it is as follows；
The one of less than l ton 20．5％
〃 〃 〃 1 − 3 tons 69．2％
〃 〃 〃 3 − 5 tons 9．8％
〃 〃 〃more than 5 tons 1．5％
It is partly owing to the smallness of the sphere of the water surface to
work in comparison to that of the sea， but shows they have no reserve of
accumulated fund．
As for their fishing implements， it is with priority glven to nets。 Net一
fishillg is broadly classified to drag−nets in the shallow water of the lakes。
The drag−netting is divided into two kinds of dragging by men and by boat。
The fishing implements are known to be scores of kinds in all such as making
ashelter wlth stones and branches of trees to catch fish， using eri， fishweir，
sen， or towline， etc． Some fishermen use several kinds of means concurrently．
Those Iakes located near the seashore are generally shallow and eutrophic。
As they sre connected to the sea by waterway through which the sea−fish
acsend up to them， they are rich of the families of fish． But， recently， the
reclamationworks of the shallow sides of the Iakes have been conducted for
the increased yields of agricultural products at many places；for example，
Hachiro−gata is under a plan・t6 reclaim by drainage． Such a place is so much
sqital∼le｛or the｛重＄駐 tQ la）7 e琴gs負ロd to live2 the reclarnation i§ver》r disadvan一
▼
R4 Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN
tageous for breeding of fish。 Beside it， fish and creatures living at the bottom
of the water are often ruined by the stained water caused by the dirty water
running in from the rayon or starcth manufacturing factories． So the Law for
Water Quality Proof has been established．
On the other side， since the connected rivers were cut in by the const一
ruction of dams for the development of power resources so that the fish
families which have the nature of ascending river have deminished from the
inland lakes， artificial incubation is entirely depended upon．
At such lakes as Towada， Toya， Akan， Kawaguchi in inland or upland，
though they are mostly of the origin of volcanoes， have deep water depth and ・
oligotrophic， but the artificial incubation of trout， cold water fish， is success一
fully being operated。（the same as at the deep northern part of Biwa−ko．）
Iwill describe in the following the characteristic fishing methods pract一
ised at the rnain Iakes．
Fishing at the ice−bound lake：
This method is a kind of seine that performed at the frozen lakes with
comparatively flat bottom． It is operated for about 20r 3 month in January・
March． They work in making good use of the farmers’slack season at the
snowbound， cold district。 It is the time at the Hachiro−gata area that the
coast−fishing is difficult on the rough Japan Sea because of the seasonal wind
of winter． At such sight−seeing places in inland as around Suwa−ko， Kawagu一
chi−ko， etc．， the crops are sold rather de3r to meet the demands of the
visitors for hot−spring bathing， skating and skiing． There a band of dozens
fishermen， put down a net into the water through a hole made cutting the
ice， and then drag it in considerably large dimmsion． The similar method is
popularly used in north Manchuria and Siberia． The old record3 are kept that
this fishing method has been adopted at Suwa−ko since 1356． The operation
at Hachiro−gata was introduced from there at the end of modern age．
Drag−net with a sail by the wind：
This method is chiefly taken up at Kasumi−ga−ura and Kita−ura． It is a
fi§hing rpethod tQ catch polld sruelt， whlte bait with a貝et i具the water which
Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN 35
is connected to a sail boat run byヒthe wind of 4−5 metrea second。 It is a
fine sight to look at several hundreds of white sails floating on the lake in
taking advantage of the seasonal wind at the most thriving seasorls in autumn
and winter。 Here， this fishing method gets the highest rate of fish catch。
The big scale of fishing using‘‘eri”and fishweir is being operated at Bi一
wa−ko．‘‘Eri”−is a fishing device， setting bamboo hurdles in the passage of the
fish， to lead them into’a maze and catch them。 The shallow water with
gentle waves is suitable for it。 At the southern half of Biwa−ko， this imple一
ment is much used and we find the largest one in scale and funds in Japan，
there，900 meters in length and 1300 meters in width of size。
The fiishweir is set in the inflowing river。 There are the ascending fish一
weir and the descending fishweir to catch fish in going up and coming down。
Specially the small sweetfish， famous product of Biwa−ko， are caught with
this method． They are delivered and discharged as nursery−fish to the rivers
all over the country． The operation of this kind at this lake is ranked the
number one scale in Japan as in the case of the fishing with eri．
Breeding：
Hamana−ko surpass others in inland lake breeding of eels， oysters， sea一
weed called‘‘nori”which sales reach to more then 60％of the entire sales
amount of the products from this lake．
認n職多d盛 藩nu呈lery Am・unt・f・utput
a． eels 745 900 acre 936 tons
b． oyster 661 73 〃 ・356 〃
c．sea−weed 1，593 47 〃 10，000，000 sheets
Telling from the historical point of view， the fishing right had exclusively
、 been given to some privileged fishermen by the shrines or feudal lords so that
the profits’of the fishermen in general were limited。
A重the Biwa−kQ area， it is supposed there had been an office called
36 Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN
‘‘
likuriya”since far more than seven hundred years ago， in charge of the
presentation of the lake fish and corbicula to the Imperial court and Kamo
Shrine in Kyoto． The fishermen who engaged in that work were called as
‘‘
汲浮№潤￨nin”and the special rlght had be given to them。 The fishermen at
Katada in the lakeside of Biwa−ko have engaged in fishing over the whole
district of the lake ever since the eras of Heian（794−1191）and kamakura
（1192−1333）。In the Ashikaga era（1392−1572）， having made the meritorious
services in the war on the lake， they were awarded the right of traffic
scrutiny on the lake and the fishing right by General Takauji Ashikaga（1304
一1358）．That vested right having successively been acknowledged by Nobunaga
Oda（1534−1582）， and Hideyoshi Toyotomi（1536−1598）， they had IiteraUy
monopolized the fishing right on the Iake all through about three hundred
years of the Edo era（1603−1867）． At the time of the Northern and Southern
Dynastics（1334−1391）， the fishermen in Oki−Island took the side of the Empe一
rors of the Northern court in Yoshino and they managed to obtain the right
on the lake， to make connections between the court and the north army
1ed by Yoshisada Nitta， etc． Later in the reign of General Nobunaga Oda，
they obtained the right to inspect the ships and the fishing boats going to
and back from around the island to the centre of the lake． Since then
their exclusive right of fishing there had been established， so that it lasted on
so long as through the Edo era． Later on it having been recognized as habitual
exclusive right for fishing， the fishermen around there enjoyed the previle一
geous position for the long time．
At the Suwa−ko area， since the middle age， the drag−net fishing on ice in
the freezing season had been controled under the Suwa Shrine and discrimi一
nated from the fishing in the other seasons。 Moreover， when the Takashima
Castle was built the inhabitant who were compulsorily ordered to rnove out of
the area were given， as compensatior1， the priority in fishing on the Suwa−ko
and a right managing the fishing on the lake like that 6f the headman of a
village was granted to a representative of the group。 The right had habitually
been recognized so as those fishermen had held the speclal positio茸until the
Meiji era began in 1868， 、 一
Takahashi： On the INLAND FISHERY in JAPAN 37
From the old days Kasumi−ga−ura had been opened to common fishing
place where the fishing had been operated by the fishermen near the village
themselves who regionally gathered together with the Kashima Shrine as
centre in accordance with their voluntary regulations． But， in 1629， the Lord
of the Mito clan wanted the northern part of the lake to monopolize for his
use． The fishermen had stoutly resisted the oppression of the Lord for forty
year， but fillally they were defeated by the secession policy of the Lord．
Conclusion
The inland fishing in Japan has a nature of two faces of agriculture and
fishing． The scale of the operation is very small． There are many fishermen
who must go to another place of the country to work． The fishing operated
at each lake has its own characteristic feature respectively， due to the differe一
nces of the natural conditions of the lake and the social， economic， and
historical background of the fishing villages． The fishing industrial reform has
recently been introduced for democratization of the fishing villages and the
fishermen are voluntarily making efforts in the maintenance and cultivation
of rescources under the guidance of the research instltute of the Government．
一 き悔畷騰垂…戦、鍵誠碗＿鉾亀鋤 1 ． ゆ一・・
纏 鋳鮮 轟懸鵬鞭詳 ← 島
㌣
@ 韓暫。 一・・ ド覧
@ ㌦年 博
凵@ 帝 売
@ 毒卑
嚇 島 無 ザ
∴1、懸駄鵡一欝驚轡鞍ご＼1謬ぐ、 ㌔許特 禦 囎郵榊 暢 漕 史 栖 轍 残瀞 勺 鼎 藤 悼
1 障囎・ “
， 乳 ｝ 軸瞥噸一懸＿ 旨 ㌧ 究
@ 細鞭 訴 ・ 糞擁
@ ・ 轟轟ず ． 譜 懸鈴
_ ノ な。 一ビ 撫
Flg 1． Hulllng of the shell of cっrb】cula Flg 2． Flshponi of yo lng fresh−water trout at
atrata at Seta， Blwa−ko Kltahunak1， Blwa−ko
ｮ継灘醜 1． 齢究 謙欝 齪．馨
瀦・i詠 鱗 ・四．碑 募瀞
．魏 縛 ∼ 罫、
，∼盤 麹 鵡 蔑
ヤ講＿靴：聴凝． 、 1∴
Flg 3． Net bag of large‘‘Erf’at Konohama， Blwa−kっ
｝ 一噸ゼ 櫨轟憎
謂
@ 浸㌔
@ 臨 車 削
ｿ 詫 唱・ ザ、鞠ぐ馨；蟹ジ： 触 糧騨 川
@ 卦
@ ヴ
@ 寧 毒。 ・ 講 虐
@ 響囎釜や弓 罫
@ 雛響卜 一 。㌧ イ講 ℃ 売 ‡ ， 喉 脳 鑑甲 鰻 で h物
@ 欝 。 織 享 4 へ 姫 垂 二今，毒へ！ノ 。． ・
鑑欝撃 タ 旨
2骨1＞
@ ㍉畷
旋 舜 溜
帝 吠博
。 。 罪
@ ．㎡ ←Flg 4． Nettlng flshwe1ちaklnd of flsh−trap，
at the Ado−rlver， Blwa−ko
唱
ぐ 丈《㍉
，賓
A》畠
黙｝、 審
ｶ2σ蕪
名
M，欝螺撒
秩w ニ ー
1 ； 一一ユ 、
h灘擁α欝燃
曝骸鴛ひ㌔，”博へ
’ 撫眞ご．ジ＼
噛飛繍ζζ、 巨 へ 甜 ♂2ヱ
罰鯉 駕
・ r【
隅 ：㌔ 智鴨 熾f二二゜崩紺 9 、q一芒＝、＿＿ 一為
ノ ー
@ 論一 ≒…：＿∬ ＿一＝三一一一二
島 一
、 も
一 一 一
@ナ｝一π 一 二 「ご㌃ 一＝＿ ＿＝』一一 ㌔ 一
A蚤
f 、一鮨＿ 一 咽
@ 三＝重強雲圭一＿ 一 ＝＝再
S ー ＝ ＝一
@ 灘 江 遠
＿「二認曹
Flg 6． Amap of the f1＄h farm， Hamana−ko
＿＿噛・二 欝纏華一鍵盤論
Flg 7． Capture allve flshwelr at the Flg 8． Eel of flsh farm，
Chma1−rlver， Blwa−ko Hamana−ko
騰鱒欝欝鱒講藻 懸熱∴』㌦岬㌦論ζ
鶴 轟難驚．難講識糊 榊灘 難麟篇 タ 浮 鴬 幽
墨 や，・
elg 9。 Nettlng boats on Kasum卜ga−ura