2006-08-30 PPT ICLASS06-Tanasawa-Hiroyasu

Professor Yasusi Tanasawa’s Achievement’s,
The International Conference on
Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, and
the Tanasawa Award
Hiro Hiroyasu
Former President of ILASS-International
Emeritus Professor, University of Hiroshima
E-mail: hiro@htb21.com
ICLASS-2006, Aug. 30, 2006, Kyoto, Japan
Professor Yasusi Tanasawa
1906 October, Born in Tokyo
1929 March, BSc. Mechanical Engineering,
the University of Tokyo
1929 April, Lecturer of Tohoku University
Thermo Engineering Department
with Professor Shiro Nukiyama
1941 July Professor at Aeronautic Department
1965 to 1968 Dean of the College of Engineering
1970 March, Retired from Tohoku University
1970 April, Toyota Central Research and
Development Laboratories Ltd.
as a President.
1992 July 27. Passed Away
Research Duration
1) 1935-1943
* Air Blast Atomization
* Atomization with Rotating Disk
* Atomization Mechanism
* Atomization by Impingement
2) 1944-1945
* Swirl Atomizer
* Spray Combustion
* Turbo Jet Engine
3) 1945-1970
* Atomization Mechanism
* Drop Size Measurement
* Atomization by Rotating Nozzle
* Atomizing Characteristics of Diesel Nozzle
* Atomization by Impingement
4) 1970-1992
* Gasoline Injector
１９３５－１９４３
The story of Toyota Motor Corporation began in September
1933 when Toyoda Automatic Loom created a new division
devoted to the production of automobiles.
■ Soon thereafter, the division produced its first Type A engine
in 1934, which was used in the first Model A1 passenger car
in May 1935.
■ The following year, Prof. Tanasawa received a research
request from Toyota Motor Co. on gasoline combustion
and carburetor performance.
■ It was at this time that Prof. Tanasawa decided to study
Liquid Atomization and became devoted to this research.
It was 1935.
■
Prof. Tanasawa’s Mission
Prof. Tanaswa’s first mission was to determine:
■
How to Measure the Liquid Drop Size
■
How to Express the Drop Size Distribution
■
How to Photograph for High-Speed Phenomena
Prof. Tanasawa’s Pioneering Research results
His pioneering research results were published in the Japan Society of
Mechanical Engineers (JSME) and other Japanese publications from 1938 to 1943.
■ Unfortunately, these reports were written in Japanese only.
■ The knowledge of Prof. Tanasawa’s research did not leave the boundaries of Japan.
■
1) Tanasawa, Y., “Small Droplet Measuring Methods”, Kikai and Denki,
Vol.2, No. 237(Feb. 1937), P.337.
2) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of Liquids in an
Air Stream I”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.4, No.14(Feb.1938), pp.86-93
3) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of Liquids in an
Air Stream II”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.4, No.15(May.1938), pp.138-143
4) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of Liquids in an
Air Stream III”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.5, No.18(Feb.1939), pp.62-67
5) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of Liquids in an
Air Stream IV”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.5, No.18(Feb.1939), pp.67-75
6) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of Liquids in an
Air Stream V”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.6, No.12(May.1940), pp.2-7
7) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of Liquids in an
Air Stream VI”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.6, No.23 (Feb.1940), pp.2-18
Prof. Tanasawa’s Pioneering Research results(2)
8) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Study on the Carburetor, I)”,
Kiai and Denki, Vol.5, No.8, (Aug. 1940) P. 1143.
9) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Study on the Carburetor, II)”,
Kiai and Denki, Vol.5, No.9, (Sept.. 1940) P. 1287.
10) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Study on the Carburetor, III)”,
Kiai and Denki, Vol.5, No.10, (Oct. 1940) P. 1427.
11) Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Study on the Carburetor, VI)”,
Kiai and Denki, Vol.5, No.11, (Nov. 1940) P. 1559.
12) Tanasawa, Y., “Atomization with Rotating Disk”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan,
Vol.7, No.26(Feb.1941) P.5
13) Tanasawa, Y., “Research of Atomization Mechanism”, kikai and Zairyo,
No.973( Jan. 1942), p.1.
14) Tanasawa, Y., “Atomization by Impingement”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan,
Vol.8, No.33 (Nov. 1942), p.87.
1944 summer
■
■
In the summer of 1944,
The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
asked Prof. Tanasawa to join in the development
of a Jet Engine.
He made the combustion wind tunnel in his laboratory
and was devoted to experimenting from early in the
morning ‘till late night.
Ne-10 Turbo Jet Engine
Ne-20 Turbo Jet Engine
August, 1945
The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
Specifications of Ne-10 and Ne-20 Engine
Engine
Ne-10
Ne-20
Total Length
(mm)
1800
2704
Diameter
(mm)
855
620
Total Weight
(kg)
315
474
(kg)
320
490
Fuel Consumption
(kg/h)
530
735
Air Flow
(kg/s)
10.6
14
3.5
3.1
700
700
15,000
11,000
Specific Fuel Consumption (kg/kg-h)
1.66
1.68
Weight per Thrust
0.98
1.04
Ground Thrust
Pressure Ratio
Turbine Inlet Temp.
Rotational Speed
Compressor
Turbine
Combustor
(℃)
(rpm)
(kg/kg)
Axial 8 stage
Axial single stage
Annular
Ne-20 Turbo Jet Engine
Nakajima Kikka
Nakajima Kikka and Ne-20 Turbojet
August 7, 1945 at Kisarazu
August 11, 1945 at Kisarazu
August 15, 1945: World War II ended
Publications of Swirl Atomizer and
Gas Turbine Combustor
1) Tanasawa, Y, and Kobayasi, “Characteristics of Swirl Atomizer I”, Trans. Soc. Mec.
Engrs., Japan, Vol.49, No.341 (Nov. 1946), p.369
2) Tanasawa, Y, and Kobayasi, “Characteristics of Swirl Atomizer II”, Trans. Soc. Mec.
Engrs., Japan, Vol.49, No.341 (Nov. 1946), p.371
3) Tanasawa, Y, and Kobayasi, “Characteristics of Swirl Atomizer III”, Trans. Soc. Mec.
Engrs., Japan, Vol.49, No.341 (Nov. 1946), p.373
4) Tanasawa, Y, and Kobayasi, “Characteristics of Swirl Atomizer VI”, Trans. Soc.
Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.49, No.341 (Nov. 1946), p.375
5) Tanasawa, Y., and Miyasaka, Y. “Study on Gas turbine Combustor I”, Trans. Soc.
Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.50, No.349 (Sep. 1947), p.267
6) Tanasawa, Y., and Miyasaka, Y. “Study on Gas turbine Combustor II”, Trans. Soc.
Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.50, No.350 (Oct. 1947), p.316
7) Tanasawa, Y., and Miyasaka, Y. “Study on Gas turbine Combustor III”, Trans. Soc.
Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.50, No.350 (Oct. 1947), p.317
8) Tanasawa, Y., and Miyasaka, Y. “Study on Gas turbine Combustor VI”, Trans. Soc.
Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.50, No.351 (Nov. 1947), p.358
9) Tanasawa, Y., and Miyasaka, Y. “Study on Gas turbine Combustion”, Trans. Soc.
Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.15, No.52 (Dec. 1949), p.4
10) Tanasawa, Y., “Gas Turbine”, Yokenndou , (July, 1954)
11) Tanasawa, Y., “Diesel Engine”, Sankaidou, (March 1956)
Professor Yasusi Tanasawa
1906 October, Born in Tokyo
1929 March, BSc. Mechanical Engineering
the University of Tokyo
1929 April, Lecturer of Tohoku University
Thermo Engineering Department
with Professor Shiro Nukiyama
1941 July Professor at Aeronautic Department
1965 to 1968 Dean of the College of Engineering
1970 March, Retired from Tohoku University
1970 April, Toyota Central Research and
Development Laboratories Ltd.
as a President.
1992 July 27. Passed Away
The Japan National Conference
on Liquid Atomization
In response to Prof. Tanasawa’s pioneering work,
many Japanese researchers took interest in fuel atomization
and studied Liquid Fuel Atomization and Spray Systems.
■ The Japan National Conference on Liquid Atomization
started in 1972 under the sponsorship of
the Japan Fuel Society( now the Japan Institute of Energy)
■ It was the enthusiasm of highly respected
Prof. K. Yamasaki and Dr. K. Neya which was the driving
force behind the realization of the Japan National Conference
on Liquid Atomization.
■ The conference has been held since then in Japan every year.
■
Profs. Kurabayashi and Sakai visited
Dr. Paul Eisenklam(1974)
Dr. Eisenklam attended the Japan National
Conference on Liquid Atomization
19
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78
Number of Papers
Number of Papers of Past ICLASS
250
200
150
100
50
0
Past Proceedings of ICLASS
1978(Tokyo)
1981(Madison)
1994(Rouen)
1997(Seoul)
1985(London)
2000(Pasadena)
1988(Sendai)
1991(Gathesburg)
2003(Sorrento)
2006(Kyoto)
Proposals of Dr. Paul Eisenklam
At the second ICLASS(1982)
1) How about forming regional three ILASS: ILASS-Asia,
Europe, Americas ?
2) How about publishing a journal on liquid atomization?
3) How about establishing an ICLASS scientific award?
Regional ILASS
ILASS-Europe
ILASS-Americas
ILASS-Asia
ILASS-Far East
ILASS-south Asia
1983
1986
1989
1982
1985
ILASS-International
The Constitution and Bylaws
1988
1991
Atomization and Spray Technology
AST from Vol.1, No.1 to Vol.3, No.4
Atomization and Sprays
Atomization and Sprays
Proposals of Dr. Paul Eisenklam
At the second ICLASS(1982)
1) How about forming three ILASS: ILASS-Asia,
Europe, Americas ?
2) How about publishing a journal on liquid atomization?
3) How about establishing an ICLASS scientific award?
The Tanasawa Award
The entire fund to pay for the award was donated by
Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.
Administration Committee of the Tanasawa Award
a) Member: Chairman: K. Kobayasi
Secretary: H. Hiroyasu
Members: S.Toyoda, T. Kurabayashi, N. Nagai,
M. Nakayama, N. Araki, M. Yamada, A. Saito
b) Tasks of Administration Committee
* Managing Funds
* Preparing the Plaque and Certificate
* Preparing a check for Prize Money (US$2,000)
Selection Committee of Tanasawa Award
Selection committee of the Tanasawa Award
a) Select the best paper at ICLASS
b) The chairman of the Tanasawa award selection
committee of should be appointed by the president
of ILASS-International.
c) Committee member shall total 10, to include
the chairman and 3 members nominated from
each of ILASS-Americas, ILASS-Asia, and
ILASS-Europe.
d) The selection committee is a closed committee.
e) Only, the chairman of the selection committee is open.
Past Chairman of Selection Committee
Past Chairmen of Selection Committees were:
1. K. Kobayasi (at Tokyo, Japan, Madison, USA
and London, England)
2. N. Chigier (at Sendai, Japan)
3. S. Zanelli (at Gaithersburg, USA)
4. H. Hashimoto (at Rouen, France)
5. J. Kennedy (at Seoul, Korea)
6. A. Yule (at Pasadena, USA)
7. H. Fujimoto (at Sorrento, Italy)
8. W. D. Bachalo (at Kyoto, Japan)
Past the Tanasawa Award Winners(1)
１） Tokyo(1978)
“Injection Valve of Swirl Flow Type used for Electronic Fuel Injection”
by Y. Tanasawa, N. Muto and A. Saito
2) Madison(1982)
“The Relationship between Atomization Characteristics and Spray
Flame Structures”
by R. Bolado and A. J. Yule
3) London(1985)
“The Mechanics of High Speed Atomization”
by F. Ruiz and N. Chigier
3) London(1985)
“Atomization Characteristics of Superheated Liquid Jets”
by N. Nagai, K. Sato and C.W. Lee
4) Sendai(1988)
“Advances in Diagnostics for Complete Spray Characteristics”
by W. D. Bachalo, A. B. DeLaRosa and R. C. Rudoff
Past the Tanasawa Award Winners(2)
5) Gaithersburg(1991)
“Application of Poisson Statistic to the Problem of Size and Volume
Flux Measurement by Phase Doppler Anemometry”
by C.F. Edwards and K.D. Marx
6) Rouen(1994)
“Study on Wave Motion and a Breakup of Annular Liquid Sheet in a
Gas Stream”
by H. Hashimoto, S. Kawano, H. Togari, A. Ihara, T. Suzuki and T. Harada
7) Seoul(1997)
“Characterization of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Sprays using Rainbow
Refractometry”
by S. V. Sankar, D. M. Robart and W. D. Bachalo
8) Pasadena(2000)
“Investigation of Internal Flow in Transparent Diesel Injection Nozzles
Using Fluorescent Particle Image Velocimetry (FPIV)”
by C. Tropea, J. K. Scaller, R. Wirth and J. Walher
9) Sorrento(2003)
“Detailed Analysis of Spray Structure Air Entrainment in GDI Sprays
Using a Tomographic Approach”
by C. Seibel, K. Gartung, S. Arndt and B. Weigand
Prof. Chigier received Tanasawa Award
at Sendai, Japan on 19８８
Immersion Liquid Method
The drops were counted and measured using a microscope.
Rotating Shutter for Drop Measurement
Scale
1937
Tanasawa, Y., “Small Droplet Measuring Methods”, Kikai and Denki,
Vol.2, No. 237(Feb. 1937), P.337.
Molten Wax Drop Size Analyzer
Tanasawa, Y.and Hiroyasu, H.,
“Measurement of Size Distribution
of Sprayed Drops by Means of
Molten Wax”, Trans. Soc. Mec.
Engrs., Japan, Vol.26, No.162
(Feb.1960), p.224
A Groups of Wax Drops
Weight Distribution of Diesel Nozzle
Drop Size Analyzer by Sedimentation
Tanasawa, Y., and Hiroyasu, H.,
“On a Drop Size Analyzer for Liquid
Sprays by Sedimentation”, The
Technology Reports of the Tohoku
Univ., Vol.17, No.1 (March, 1962), p.67.
Effect of Viscosity on Weight Drop Distribution
Weight Drop Distribution of Hole Nozzle
Nukiyama- Tanasawa Equation
1938
Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the
Atomization of Liquids in an Air Stream I”, Trans. Soc. Mec.
Engrs., Japan, Vol.4, No.14(Feb.1938), pp.86-93
dn
fn  x  
 Ax exp   Bx  
dx
 1
B
A
   1
 1 
B    4
  3  x32 

dv
fv  x  
 Ax exp   Bx  
dx
Nukiyama- Tanasawa Equation
dn
fn 

dx
fv 

6
 1

b
  bx 
x e
  1 





3
x fn
dv
fv 

dx
 4

b
  3  bx 
x e
  4





 1
dn
b 1
  bx
fn 

x e
dx    1
 4
dv
b
fv 

x 3ebx
dx    1
Nukiyama-Tanasawa Equation
Chi-Square Distribution
x
 x (l )   z l 1e  z dx
Chi-Square Distribution
0
  t  t  t   t
2
2
1
2
2
f 2  
2
3
2
1
2 / 2   / 2 
2 
 / 2 1
e 

  2bx ,   1 とすると
2
dv
1
2  / 2 1   2 / 2
  /2

e


dx
2   / 2 
b / 2

x / 21 e  bx  fV ( x )
 ( / 2)

dn
b

x / 2 4 e  bx
dx
  / 2  3 
 / 2 3
V 
 2bx  / 2 
  / 2 
 2bx  / 2  3 /  
n 
  / 2  3 /  

2
/2
d 2 
b
b
  / 2 
  / 2  1
 m2
2
1
xqp 
b

2
1
x32
1
xm
   d / 2  q  3 




/
2

p

3




1
q p
    4  Nukiyama - Tanasawa Eq.
Marx Circuit for Short Flashes
Flush duration: 10-6 to 10-7 second
1938
Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments on the Atomization of
Liquids in an Air Stream II”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.4,
No.15(May.1938), pp.138-143
Photographing Arrangement
Relationship between Break-up Length and
Jet Velocity
(1)Dripping
(2)Smooth flow region
(3)Transition flow
(4)Wavy flow region
(5)(6)Spray
1942
Tanasawa, Y., “Research of
Atomization Mechanism”, kikai and
Zairyo, No.973( Jan. 1942), p.1.
Non-Dimensional Number for Atomization

Sb 
 D
Stability Number
 Dv  a 
Je 
 
  
2
Je<0.1
Je  0.1-10
Je  10-400
Je>400
0.55
Jet Number
Dripping
Smooth Flow
Wavy Flow
Spray
Stage of Jet Disintegration in relation to
Reynolds Number and Stability Number
Tanasawa, Y., “Diesel
Engine”, Sankaidou,
(March 1956)
Disintegration Mode and Jet Number
Various Methods of Atomization
Since 1936, Prof. Tansawa conducted extensive studies on
various methods of atomization;
(1) by dripping (1941- )
(2) with circular nozzle or orifice (1936- )
(3) with nozzle of special shape (1954- )
(4) by swirling flow (1940- )
(5) by impingement (1940- )
(6) by vibration (1040- )
(7) with gas (or vapor) blast nozzle (1936- )
(8) with rotating disk (1936- )
(9) with rotating nozzle (1943- )
(10) by electrostatic or dynamic force (1940- )
(11) by evaporation or condensation (1955- )
Air Blast Nozzle
Fuel
Air
 

6 1
3
x32  1.83 10
 2.8110 
  g
v g




0.45
1.5
qf 

1000


q
a 


 x 
 x   x 
dv  130.2 
 exp  5.0 
  d 

 x32 
 x32    x32 

6.0
1938
Nukiyama, S. and Tanasawa, Y., “Experiments
on the Atomization of Liquids in an Air Stream I”,
Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.4,
No.14(Feb.1938), pp.86-93
Hole Nozzle
D  
x32  47 1  
v 
0.25
  
 
 a 
0.25
4


g 1  3.31

  D1




3.0

 x 
 x   x 
dv  13.5 
 exp  3.0 
 d 

 x 32 
 x 32    x 32 

1954
Tanasawa, Y., and Toyoda, S., “On the
Atomizing Characteristics of High-Speed Jet I”,
Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.20,
No.92 (Apr. 1954), p.299
Principle of Swirl Nozzle
Mode of Atomization of Swirl Nozzle
x32  7.98t0

p0t0
1  k 
3

l 
1  0.37

de 


 x 
 x   x 
dv  225.5 
 exp  5.5 
  d 

x
x
x
 32 
 32    32 

6.5
1946
Tanasawa, Y, and Kobayasi,
“Characteristics of Swirl Atomizer I”, Trans.
Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.49, No.341
(Nov. 1946), p.369
Effect of Injection Pressure
Newly designed Automatic Swirl Nozzle
Change of the Mode of Atomization
Typical Filmwise Atomization
1942 Tanasawa, Y., “Atomization by Impingement”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs.,
Japan, Vol.8, No.33 (Nov. 1942), p.87.
Two Liquid Jets Impinge Each Other
Two Liquid Jets Impinge Each Other
0.75 0.5
1
x32  1.37 D
v


  x   x 
 x 
dv  16 
 exp  4 
  d 

 x32 
  x32    x32 
4
1957 Tanasawa, Y., Sasaki, S., and Nagai, N., “The Atomization of Liquid
by Means of Flat Impingement”, The Technology Reports of the Tohoku
Univ., Vol.22, No.1 (March, 1957), p.73.
Typical 90-Deg. Impingement Nozzle
Poppet Type Impingement Nozzle
Rotating Disk Atomizer
Drop-wise
0.5
27    
q 
x32 

 1  0.03
0.5 
nD    
D 
Ligament
q

x32  18.82 0.5 0.4 0.1
nD  
0.1
Film-wise
0.5
q

x32  61.8 0.8 0.4
nD 
0.5
0.4
1941
Tanasawa, Y., “Atomization with Rotating
Disk”, Trans. Soc. Mec. Engrs., Japan, Vol.7
No.26(Feb.1941) P.5
Summary and Acknowledgement
Liquid atomization is an interdisciplinary subject covering a wide
range of study fields. Therefore, there are the greatest problems in
preparation of a conference, or community at an international level.
■ In response to Prof. Tanasawa’s pioneering work, many Japanese
researchers took interest in fuel atomization.
■ The Japan National Conference on Liquid Atomization was started in
1972 under the sponsorship of the Japan Fuel Society.
■ This Conference recorded satisfactory results, and it led to
the First International Conference on Liquid Atomization and
Sprays (ICLASS) in Tokyo in 1978.
■ Special thanks to late Dr. Eisenklam for the realization of ICLASS
and for his farseeing proposal for regional ILASS and the Tanasawa
Award.
■ We would like to thank Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. for its financial support.
This Award will continue to be an authoritative award forever.
■
Thank you very much for your attention
Hiro Hiroyasu
ICLASS-2006, at Kyoto, August 30, 2006