ASTM E 119-00a Fire Tests Of Building Construction

ASTM E 119-00a Fire Tests Of Building Construction

ASTM E 119-00a Fire Tests
Of Building Construction
and Materials
*Modified
SMALL-SCALE TEST OF
FIREBLOCKING MATERIALS
Project No. 16094-111638
* At this time, no specific test for evaluating fireblocking exists. According to the
2000 International Building Code, certain wood fireblocking is accepted in
combustible concealed locations (i.e. 2 - inch nominal lumber, two thicknesses of
1-inch lumber, 3/4 – inch particleboard, among others). The time/temperature
curve from the ASTM E 119 test standard was used to compare the performance of
currently accepted wood fireblocking materials and cellulose insulation.
COMPARATIVE FIRE RESISTANCE TEST OF CELLULOSE
INSULATION VERSUS WOOD FIREBLOCKING IN A WOOD STUD WALL
August 28, 2002
Prepared for:
Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association
136 South Keowee Street
Dayton, OH 45402
ACCREDITED
T
OM
A PO
I
N
EG
B
O
IE
LA
S
®
RATOR
Abstract
This project was undertaken to compare the firestopping abilities of spray-applied
cellulose insulation versus spruce-pine-fir wood fireblocking. Small-scale wood
stud wall sections were constructed and divided into three sections.
The
fireblocking materials under evaluation were: two layers of 1 x 4 lumber, sprayapplied cellulose insulation at a depth of 14-1/2", and one layer of 2 x 4 or 2 x 6
lumber. The wall sections were mounted in slots in a horizontal test frame, and
the ASTM E 119 time/temperature curve was followed for a period of 60 minutes.
The temperatures on the unexposed surface of the cellulose insulation remained
well below those on the unexposed surface of the wood fireblocking throughout the
test.
This report and the information contained herein is for the exclusive use of the client named
herein. Omega Point Laboratories, Inc. authorizes the client to reproduce this report only i f
reproduced in its entirety. The description of the test procedure, as well as the observations and
results obtained, contained herein are true and accurate within the limits of sound engineering
practice. These results apply only for the specimens tested, in the manner tested, and may not
represent the performance of other specimens from the same or other production lots nor of the
performance when used in combination with other materials. The test specimen identification i s
as provided by the client and Omega Point Laboratories, Inc. accepts no responsibility for any
inaccuracies therein. Omega Point did not select the specimen and has not verified the
composition, manufacturing techniques or quality assurance procedures. This report does not
imply certification of the product by Omega Point Laboratories, Inc. Any use of the Omega Point
Laboratories name, any abbreviation thereof or any logo, mark, or symbol therefore, for advertising material must be approved in writing in advance by Omega Point Laboratories, Inc. The
client must have entered into and be actively participating in a Listing & Follow-up Service
program. Products must bear labels with the Omega Point Laboratories’ Certification Mark to
demonstrate acceptance by Omega Point Laboratories, Inc. into the Listing program.
Michael E. Dey
Manager, Fire Resistance
Date: August 29, 2002
Reviewed and approved:
William E. Fitch, P.E.
No. 55296
Date: August 29, 2002
Omega Point Laboratories, Inc.
16015 Shady Falls Road
Elmendorf, Texas 78112-9784
210-635-8100 / FAX: 210-635-8101 / 800-966-5253
www.opl.com / e-mail: mdey@opl.com
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
PAGE
Introduction
1
Test Procedure
3
Test Specimen Construction
5
Test Results and Observations
6
Conclusions
7
Appendices
Appendix A:
Construction Drawings
8
Appendix B:
Thermocouple Locations
11
Appendix C:
Thermocouple Data
13
Appendix D:
Photographs
26
37
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Last Page of Report
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 1
INTRODUCTION1
"The performance of walls, columns, floors, and other building members under
fire exposure conditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions
that are safe, and that are not a menace to neighboring structures nor to the public. Recognition of this is registered in the codes of many authorities, municipal
and other. It is important to secure balance of the many units in a single building, and of buildings of like character and use in a community; and also to promote uniformity in requirements of various authorities throughout the country.
To do this it is necessary that the fire-resistive properties of materials and assemblies be measured and specified according to a common standard expressed in
terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, and conditions of exposure.
Such a standard is found in the methods that follow. They prescribe a standard
exposing fire of controlled extent and severity. Performance is defined as the period of resistance to standard exposure elapsing before the first critical point in
behavior is observed. Results are reported in units in which field exposures can
be judged and expressed.
The methods may be cited as the "Standard Fire Tests," and the performance or
exposure shall be expressed as "2-h," "6-h," "1/2-h," etc.
When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired, a
proportional increase should be made in the specified time-classification period.
The ASTM E119 test procedure is identical or very similar to the following standard test methods:
UL 263
UBC 7-1
NFPA 251
ANSI A2.1
1
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
ASTM E119-00a Standard Methods of FIRE TESTS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND
MATERIALS, American Society for Testing and Materials, Volume 04.07 Building Seals and
Sealants.
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 2
1. Scope
1.1 These methods are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including bearing and other
walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and
beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished
building.
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register performance during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability for
use after fire exposure.
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled
laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk
assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an
assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
Note 1 - A method of fire hazard classification based on rate of flame spread is
covered in ASTM Method E84, Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials.
1.4 The results of these tests are one factor in assessing fire performance of
building construction and assemblies. These methods prescribe a standard fire
exposure for comparing the performance of building construction assemblies.
Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building
construction requires careful evaluation of test conditions.
2. Significance
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
2.1 This standard is intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of
assemblies noted in 1.1 will contain a fire, or retain their structural integrity or
exhibit both properties dependent upon the type of assembly involved during a
predetermined test exposure.
2.2 The test exposes a specimen to a standard fire exposure controlled to achieve
specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. In some instance,
the fire exposure may be followed by the application of a specified standard fire
hose stream. The exposure, however, may not be representative of all fire
conditions which may vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution
of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink
characteristics of the compartment. It does, however, provide a relative measure
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 3
of fire performance of comparable assemblies under these specified fire exposure
conditions. Any variation from the construction or conditions (that is, size,
method of assembly, and materials) that are tested may substantially change the
performance characteristics of the assembly.
2.3 The test standard provides for the following:
2.3.1 In walls, partitions and floor or roof assemblies:
2.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
2.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the assembly,
sufficient to ignite cotton waste.
2.3.1.3 For load bearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of
the test specimen during the test exposure.
2.3.2 For individual load bearing assemblies such as beams and columns: Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with some consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).
2.4 The test standard does not provide the following:
2.4.1 Full information as to performance of assemblies constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.
2.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.
2.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of
smoke or products of combustion through the assembly.
2.4.4 Simulation of the fire behavior of joints between building elements such
as floor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connections.
2.4.5 Measurement of flame spread over surface of tested element.
2.4.6 The effect of fire endurance of conventional openings in the assembly, that
is electrical receptacle outlets, plumbing pipe, etc., unless specifically provided
for in the construction tested."
TEST PROCEDURE
Test Furnace
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
The 7' x 7' test furnace is fitted with 25 uniformly located diffuse-flame natural
gas burners providing an even heat flux distribution across the face of the test
specimen. Furnace pressures are maintained at +0.04" W. C. to -0.20" W. C.
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 4
The temperature within the furnace is determined to be the mathematical
average of thermocouples located symmetrically within the furnace and
positioned twelve inches away from the horizontal face of the test specimen. The
materials used in the construction of these thermocouples are those suggested in
the test standard. During the performance of a fire exposure test, the furnace
temperatures are displayed every 6 seconds for the furnace operator to allow
control along the specified temperature curve. The fire exposure is controlled to
conform with the standard time-temperature curve shown in Figure 1, as
determined by the table below:
2000
Temperature (°F)
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
Time
(min)
Temperature
(°F)
0
5
10
30
45
60
90
180
68
1000
1300
1550
1638
1700
1792
1925
0
0
25
50
75
100 125 150 175 200
Time (minutes)
Figure 1
The furnace interior temperature during a test is controlled such that the area
under the time•temperature curve is within 10% of the corresponding area under
the standard time•temperature curve for 1 hour or less tests, 7.5% for those less
than 2 hours and 5% for those tests of 2 hours or more duration.
Fire Endurance Test
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
The fire exposure is continued on the specimen until failure occurs, or until the
specimen has withstood the test conditions for the desired fire endurance rating.
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 5
TEST SPECIMEN CONSTRUCTION
The test specimen identification is as provided by the client and Omega Point Laboratories, Inc.
accepts no responsibility for any inaccuracies therein. Omega Point did not select the specimen
and has not verified the composition, manufacturing techniques or quality assurance procedures.
A 7' x 7' wood stud frame was constructed from 2 x 4 lumber to fit on the
laboratory's small-scale horizontal furnace. The exposed surface was clad with
three layers of 5/8" thick Type X gypsum wallboard. Three slots were cut out of
the gypsum for mounting the test samples. Two of the openings were large
enough to house a 2 x 4 stud wall section, and the other was cut to house a 2 x 6
wall section. The wall sections consisted of spruce-pine-fir wood studs spaced
either 16" or 24" o.c. fastened to a top plate using 1-7/8" long galvanized steel
roofing nails. The total height of each assembly was 19-1/2", with an overall
length of 48". The fireblocking materials under evaluation were: a single 2 x 4,
single 2 x 6, two layers of 1 x 4 with a broken lap joint, wet-spray cellulose
insulation (nominal 3 pcf), and dry-fill cellulose insulation (density unknown, but
visually greater than 3 pcf). The cellulose insulation was installed at a depth of
14-1/2". Each of the fireblocks was installed 2" from the bottom of the studs. The
inside of the outer two studs of the assembly were covered with a piece of 5/8" thick
Type X gypsum wallboard, and each end cavity was also separated from the
middle cavity by a piece of 5/8" thick Type X gypsum wallboard. After the
fireblocking was installed, each surface of the wall assembly was covered with a
single layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard, fastened to the studs using 1-1/2"
long self-tapping drywall screws. The wall assemblies were then fitted into the
slots in the horizontal test frame with the bottom of the studs flush with the
exposed surface of the frame. Construction drawings are located in Appendix A.
THERMOCOUPLES
All temperatures monitored were measured using 24 GA., electrically-welded,
Type K Chromel-Alumel, glass-glass insulated (Special Limits of Error: ±1.1°C)
thermocouples, purchased with calibration certifications and lot traceability.
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Thermocouples were located in each cavity of the test sample. The thermocouples
in the wood fireblocking cavities were located on the unexposed side of the
fireblocking, and the thermocouples in the cellulose-insulated cavities were
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 6
located on the unexposed surface against the top plate.
Additional
thermocouples, for information only, were located within the cellulose insulation
1-1/2" from the bottom to give a direct comparison between the wood and the
cellulose insulation. A drawing of the thermocouple locations can be found in
Appendix B.
TEST RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
The test assembly was mounted on the laboratory's small-scale horizontal test
furnace on February 13, 2001. The lab ambient temperature at the time of the test
was 90°F, with a relative humidity of 65%.
Observations made during the test are as follows:
Time
(min:sec)
0:00
1:30
5:00
5-60
60:00
Observation
Furnace fired at 2:45 p.m.
Light smoke issuing from the test assembly
The damper was closed to create positive pressure (+0.01"
W.C.) at the sample location
No visible changes occurred throughout the test
The furnace was extinguished and the test samples were
removed from the frame. After the sample had cooled for a few
minutes, one layer of gypsum wallboard was removed to
inspect the fireblocking materials. The wood fireblocking was
either completely charred or burned away, and the celluloseinsulated cavities still had 10-11" of virgin material remaining.
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Listings and plots of the furnace control temperatures and specimen unexposed
surface temperatures may be found in Appendix C.
A photographic
documentation of the test has been included in Appendix D.
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
Page 7
CONCLUSIONS
The test specimen identification is as provided by the client and Omega Point Laboratories, Inc.
accepts no responsibility for any inaccuracies therein. Omega Point did not select the specimen
and has not verified the composition, manufacturing techniques or quality assurance procedures.
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
This test has shown that temperatures on the unexposed side of spray-applied
cellulose insulation, installed at a depth of 14-1/2", remained lower than the
temperatures on the unexposed side of wood fireblocking materials when exposed
to the ASTM E 119 time/temperature curve for a period of 60 minutes. The wood
fireblocking materials in this comparative test were 1) two layers of 1 x 4 sprucepine-fir installed with a broken lap joint, and 2) a single piece of 2 x 4 or 2 x 6
spruce-pine-fir. The wet-spray cellulose was installed at a nominal 3 pcf. The
dry-fill density was unknown, but visually was greater than 3 pcf.
AT O
R
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
AT O
R
8
9
18"
48"
18"
24"
24"
24"
Note: A 7' x 7' wood stud frame was
constructed from 2" x 4" lumber as
shown. The exposed surface was
covered with three layers of 5/8"
Type X gypsum wallboard. Three slots
were cut out for mounting each of the
three wall sections.
OMEGA POINT LABORATORIES, INC.
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
Fig. 1 Stud Frame Detail
Scale: 1"=1'
10
18"
48"
4-3/4"
18"
48"
4-3/4"
18"
6-3/4"
48"
18"
Note: The exposed surface was covered
with three layers of 5/8" Type X
gypsum wallboard. Three slots were cut
out for mounting each of the three wall
sections. Two of the openings were
large enough for a 2"x4" stud wall with
a layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum on each
side, and the third opening was large
enough for a 2"x6" stud wall with a
layer of 5/8" Type X on each side. The
bottom of the outside studs of each
wall section were be fastened to the
stud framework in Fig. 1.
OMEGA POINT LABORATORIES, INC.
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
Fig. 2 Wall openings
Scale: 1" = 1'
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
APPENDIX B
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS
AT O
R
11
12
4
5
6
7
8
DRY
9
WET
14-1/2"
1
2
3
10
11
12
19
20
21
13
14
1-1/2"
15
2"
WET
14-1/2"
25
16
17
26 2 7
18
22
23 24
1-1/2"
2"
31
32
33
WET
14-1/2"
28
29
30
2"
All temperatures monitored inside the stud cavities
were measured using 24 GA., electrically-welded,
Type K Chromel-Alumel, glass-glass insulated (Special
Limits of Error: ±1.1°C) thermocouples, purchased
with calibration certifications and lot traceability.
34
35
36
1-1/2"
OMEGA POINT LABORATORIES
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
Fig. 4 TC Locations
Scale: 1-1/2"=1'
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
APPENDIX C
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
THERMOCOUPLE DATA
AT O
R
13
14
Guardian Fiberglass
Project No. 15498-108320
Furnace Interior Temperatures
2000
1800
1600
Temperature (°F)
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
E-119 Std.
Furnace Avg.
200
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Time (min.)
40
45
50
55
60
15
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
Cellulose vs. Wood Fireblocking
Average Unexposed Temperatures
1400
2 x 6
Two layers of 1 x 4
2 x 4
Dry fill cellulose
Wet spray cellulose
1200
Temperature (°F)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Time (min.)
40
45
50
55
60
16
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
Time
(min)
E119 Std
Average
(°F)
Furnace
Average
(°F)
Integration
of Furnace
Average
(°F•min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
68
254
441
627
814
1000
1060
1120
1180
1240
1300
1328
1347
1364
1381
1396
1410
1424
1436
1448
1459
1470
1480
1490
1499
1508
1517
1525
1533
1541
1549
1556
1563
1570
1576
1583
1589
1595
1601
1606
1612
1617
1623
1628
1633
1638
1643
1648
1652
1657
90
173
514
757
821
843
946
1085
1150
1192
1247
1308
1364
1384
1387
1386
1389
1415
1427
1414
1430
1465
1518
1502
1451
1437
1485
1584
1656
1690
1721
1692
1676
1676
1685
1697
1709
1718
1692
1658
1636
1627
1620
1621
1665
1664
1628
1662
1681
1662
0
64
339
907
1628
2392
3218
4166
5215
6318
7470
8679
9947
11253
12571
13889
15209
16543
17896
19248
20602
21982
23405
24847
26256
27632
29025
30491
32043
33648
35286
36924
38540
40148
41761
43384
45019
46664
48301
49908
51487
53051
54606
56159
57734
59330
60908
62485
64089
65692
Integration
of E119 Std
Average
(°F•min)
August 28, 2002
Error
(%)
Furnace
Probe
#1
(°F)
Furnace
Probe
#2
(°F)
Furnace
Probe
#3
(°F)
0
0.00%
9 3 -31.87%
373
-9.07%
839
8.07%
1491
9.14%
2330
2.64%
3292
-2.25%
4314
-3.44%
5396
-3.35%
6538
-3.36%
7740
-3.49%
8986
-3.41%
10255
-3.00%
11543
-2.51%
12847
-2.15%
14167
-1.97%
15503
-1.90%
16851
-1.83%
18213
-1.74%
19587
-1.73%
20973
-1.77%
22370
-1.74%
23777
-1.56%
25194
-1.38%
26621
-1.37%
28057
-1.52%
29502
-1.62%
30955
-1.50%
32416
-1.15%
33886
-0.70%
35363
-0.22%
36847
0.21%
38338
0.53%
39837
0.78%
41342
1.01%
42853
1.24%
44371
1.46%
45895
1.68%
47424
1.85%
48960
1.94%
50501
1.95%
52048
1.93%
53600
1.88%
55158
1.81%
56720
1.79%
58288
1.79%
59860
1.75%
61437
1.71%
63019
1.70%
64606
1.68%
89
133
410
684
776
809
895
1032
1115
1172
1236
1305
1365
1387
1394
1391
1400
1422
1437
1423
1434
1475
1522
1513
1466
1446
1493
1589
1674
1712
1756
1717
1698
1694
1696
1713
1724
1735
1711
1677
1649
1639
1632
1637
1678
1675
1645
1673
1696
1674
90
131
379
669
773
807
877
1009
1095
1149
1207
1268
1328
1358
1360
1365
1365
1387
1401
1389
1399
1435
1478
1485
1433
1416
1453
1530
1585
1628
1644
1648
1644
1644
1657
1666
1681
1688
1668
1642
1618
1609
1600
1597
1630
1641
1609
1625
1650
1640
90
224
683
859
880
892
1025
1166
1210
1240
1292
1349
1405
1422
1416
1413
1410
1445
1450
1435
1462
1491
1557
1519
1461
1458
1514
1651
1733
1765
1801
1730
1699
1699
1711
1717
1727
1737
1702
1666
1649
1642
1638
1634
1689
1686
1634
1691
1704
1681
17
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
Time
(min)
E119 Std
Average
(°F)
Furnace
Average
(°F)
Integration
of Furnace
Average
(°F•min)
Integration
of E119 Std
Average
(°F•min)
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
1661
1666
1670
1674
1678
1682
1686
1690
1694
1698
1701
1651
1660
1660
1660
1690
1665
1641
1670
1710
1702
1694
67281
68868
70460
72052
73659
75269
76854
78441
80063
81701
83331
66197
67792
69392
70996
72604
74216
75832
77452
79076
80704
82336
Max Temp
Max Allowed
August 28, 2002
Error
(%)
Furnace
Probe
#1
(°F)
Furnace
Probe
#2
(°F)
Furnace
Probe
#3
(°F)
1.64%
1.59%
1.54%
1.49%
1.45%
1.42%
1.35%
1.28%
1.25%
1.24%
1.21%
1666
1672
1678
1676
1706
1679
1657
1683
1721
1714
1709
1624
1635
1637
1632
1660
1645
1621
1638
1675
1677
1669
1665
1680
1671
1676
1708
1678
1651
1692
1737
1725
1710
18
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
Time
(min)
Furnace
Probe
#4
(°F)
TC #1
(°F)
TC #2
(°F)
TC #3
(°F)
TC #4
(°F)
TC #5
(°F)
TC #6
(°F)
TC #7
(°F)
TC #8
(°F)
TC #9
(°F)
Info
TC #10
(°F)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
90
203
586
815
855
864
987
1134
1179
1207
1254
1311
1356
1371
1379
1374
1381
1406
1419
1409
1425
1459
1514
1489
1444
1428
1479
1567
1631
1656
1683
1674
1664
1669
1675
1691
1703
1713
1688
1649
1627
1618
1611
1616
1663
1656
1622
1657
1673
1655
93
95
96
101
95
93
105
105
107
117
123
128
133
139
141
150
163
171
178
183
188
207
206
223
227
234
247
257
265
276
285
299
322
356
399
449
505
570
650
705
705
714
726
757
789
779
777
797
803
802
93
98
101
96
94
95
101
104
113
118
122
124
129
144
144
158
161
173
179
186
197
206
214
230
233
247
249
257
262
279
283
298
322
367
432
475
571
653
697
695
691
692
696
695
730
747
735
754
773
784
93
95
97
97
98
98
101
108
111
114
119
127
136
143
155
162
170
179
193
207
216
224
236
244
256
267
279
291
306
325
349
383
429
481
517
556
605
648
659
642
653
650
653
660
662
670
663
696
716
723
96
96
94
100
96
94
100
97
93
98
99
100
99
96
95
94
100
100
100
98
93
101
94
99
101
97
102
103
104
104
104
104
110
108
106
113
115
117
118
120
114
117
117
125
125
122
131
130
132
128
96
99
98
97
92
92
97
93
97
101
100
97
94
100
92
98
97
100
97
93
94
97
93
102
95
100
101
102
98
104
97
98
102
100
107
104
111
111
107
114
112
115
115
112
113
120
118
117
119
125
96
97
98
94
96
97
94
95
98
97
96
94
95
98
97
98
94
95
94
96
98
94
97
97
95
98
95
96
96
99
99
101
99
102
107
106
109
112
114
117
123
126
128
128
132
136
136
140
143
148
96
94
93
98
97
95
98
99
93
96
97
98
99
94
97
93
99
98
99
100
94
101
98
99
104
99
105
107
111
112
119
123
128
133
130
140
139
143
146
147
143
145
145
154
154
148
157
158
159
153
96
98
96
99
93
91
99
94
95
100
101
99
96
98
92
96
100
103
102
97
98
105
99
110
108
111
117
121
121
127
124
126
136
135
140
143
149
151
147
153
148
150
151
150
149
153
154
151
152
154
96
99
99
95
94
95
94
93
99
98
97
94
93
100
95
101
97
100
100
101
107
106
110
116
112
122
121
125
123
132
130
134
135
138
146
141
148
147
145
150
154
155
156
150
151
156
151
152
153
159
89
100
170
181
191
204
245
330
440
551
671
791
894
945
982
999
1020
1063
1090
1104
1133
1173
1246
1218
1191
1216
1274
1364
1412
1447
1480
1482
1498
1522
1539
1550
1561
1578
1530
1526
1512
1517
1522
1526
1575
1532
1505
1579
1569
1548
19
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
Time
(min)
Furnace
Probe
#4
(°F)
TC #1
(°F)
TC #2
(°F)
TC #3
(°F)
TC #4
(°F)
TC #5
(°F)
TC #6
(°F)
TC #7
(°F)
TC #8
(°F)
TC #9
(°F)
Info
TC #10
(°F)
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
1649
1652
1653
1655
1686
1657
1634
1665
1705
1694
1687
825
848
833
847
861
852
860
886
903
904
920
794
815
813
821
835
831
826
845
863
863
867
735
745
760
764
780
780
782
796
815
821
825
132
133
139
141
142
138
144
144
143
144
150
121
130
130
129
132
136
138
140
141
142
140
150
152
151
154
156
163
162
164
168
170
168
158
155
161
163
164
159
164
163
162
162
168
151
158
161
159
162
160
164
164
163
162
164
156
161
156
155
157
164
161
163
164
165
159
1548
1570
1537
1582
1599
1546
1549
1600
1622
1600
1590
920
418
867
418
825
418
150
421
142
421
170
421
168
421
164
421
165
421
1622
Max Temp
Max Allowed
20
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
Time
(min)
Info
TC #11
(°F)
Info
TC #12
(°F)
Info
TC #13
(°F)
Info
TC #14
(°F)
Info
TC #15
(°F)
TC #16
(°F)
TC #17
(°F)
TC #18
(°F)
TC #19
(°F)
TC #20
(°F)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
90
317
841
881
899
989
1207
1245
1249
1304
1355
1406
1421
1414
1410
1401
1428
1479
1430
1454
1486
1498
1545
1445
1423
1497
1555
1615
1613
1626
1629
1615
1631
1646
1654
1656
1661
1671
1604
1607
1584
1590
1592
1592
1638
1590
1560
1634
1622
1599
90
93
109
134
140
148
192
196
204
208
213
225
269
359
449
546
630
734
822
896
975
1051
1157
1168
1160
1200
1258
1336
1381
1422
1444
1474
1493
1518
1542
1547
1571
1584
1544
1547
1545
1549
1549
1541
1578
1569
1541
1567
1586
1578
90
148
185
173
176
183
274
426
540
641
740
827
896
944
977
998
1020
1061
1088
1098
1130
1164
1220
1205
1174
1187
1235
1290
1319
1338
1362
1386
1396
1417
1433
1446
1460
1472
1449
1441
1436
1440
1442
1448
1484
1461
1442
1477
1481
1475
91
122
177
179
175
178
234
344
445
547
666
782
857
911
954
977
1010
1047
1080
1086
1109
1148
1184
1195
1178
1178
1220
1267
1301
1322
1345
1369
1389
1403
1417
1438
1450
1463
1452
1442
1432
1433
1434
1443
1467
1461
1451
1465
1473
1467
91
161
192
186
180
196
408
605
724
814
888
964
1015
1054
1069
1090
1112
1145
1161
1159
1188
1219
1255
1252
1222
1237
1279
1321
1338
1358
1367
1394
1412
1423
1442
1455
1471
1480
1461
1456
1448
1450
1452
1451
1476
1475
1456
1469
1478
1480
92
96
99
94
94
95
102
108
118
124
130
134
142
155
158
166
164
171
175
181
188
187
195
200
202
214
212
216
215
222
222
228
230
255
331
447
617
675
913
952
963
984
943
949
979
936
888
902
882
870
92
91
93
92
95
94
105
111
110
121
132
134
149
149
160
159
166
176
185
189
190
201
205
213
225
220
229
234
240
240
250
247
267
362
499
648
820
848
850
842
859
855
859
872
913
927
912
955
978
980
92
96
97
92
93
93
110
113
118
132
142
142
155
164
169
179
182
199
207
207
211
227
231
244
242
243
255
263
271
277
283
287
297
331
376
457
557
617
690
766
839
922
1017
1053
1104
1085
1084
1182
1177
1184
96
98
98
96
95
95
97
96
103
109
113
120
124
136
134
144
143
147
147
147
149
149
150
155
153
159
157
157
155
159
154
160
157
156
161
157
161
159
157
160
157
162
162
162
162
156
160
162
156
156
96
94
94
97
99
99
100
104
107
115
124
132
138
139
146
145
149
149
152
155
156
155
158
154
160
156
159
158
159
156
160
156
160
162
158
162
159
161
162
160
163
159
159
159
158
163
160
159
162
163
21
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
Time
(min)
Info
TC #11
(°F)
Info
TC #12
(°F)
Info
TC #13
(°F)
Info
TC #14
(°F)
Info
TC #15
(°F)
TC #16
(°F)
TC #17
(°F)
TC #18
(°F)
TC #19
(°F)
TC #20
(°F)
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
1592
1620
1582
1629
1645
1583
1590
1640
1656
1631
1621
1569
1594
1571
1593
1618
1586
1586
1614
1631
1618
1607
1474
1489
1467
1491
1510
1478
1476
1510
1532
1522
1514
1469
1478
1478
1487
1507
1485
1485
1506
1526
1523
1525
1476
1493
1487
1496
1520
1499
1499
1522
1543
1538
1534
862
875
869
889
919
921
930
965
992
1003
1014
988
1010
1026
1055
1077
1073
1092
1125
1162
1183
1202
1188
1207
1203
1237
1249
1245
1261
1287
1311
1309
1291
157
162
158
157
158
162
161
162
162
162
158
163
158
161
162
162
158
159
159
159
158
162
Max Temp
Max Allowed
1671
1631
1532
1526
1543
1014
417
1202
417
1311
417
162
421
163
421
22
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
Time
(min)
TC #21
(°F)
TC #22
(°F)
TC #23
(°F)
TC #24
(°F)
Info
TC #25
(°F)
Info
TC #26
(°F)
Info
TC #27
(°F)
TC #28
(°F)
TC #29
(°F)
TC #30
(°F)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
97
95
94
93
95
95
103
102
103
115
125
125
138
140
145
145
144
154
156
153
151
159
153
157
160
156
162
162
162
157
159
155
153
161
156
163
161
164
162
163
162
156
158
157
157
161
154
156
161
161
93
94
94
91
90
90
96
94
99
104
105
104
107
115
112
121
121
130
133
132
136
143
144
155
154
162
166
170
171
176
172
180
179
182
189
189
197
201
198
205
200
207
210
215
218
218
223
232
230
234
93
93
93
94
94
94
93
95
97
98
101
105
107
110
113
116
120
123
126
131
135
138
143
145
153
155
154
155
158
159
164
166
170
175
180
182
184
188
192
197
201
203
206
210
211
214
213
218
217
223
93
90
90
90
93
93
97
98
93
98
103
100
108
107
113
111
114
121
127
129
128
137
138
141
149
146
156
159
164
164
171
168
171
180
177
188
187
193
198
197
203
197
201
204
206
217
210
213
225
227
91
92
127
155
158
160
191
197
201
210
227
245
289
353
434
530
610
700
778
826
871
922
963
1002
996
999
1029
1081
1137
1177
1207
1222
1226
1242
1259
1274
1291
1306
1298
1294
1284
1284
1285
1287
1311
1309
1293
1320
1327
1323
90
96
174
176
175
179
198
201
211
265
363
486
637
750
807
855
892
930
963
978
1002
1030
1065
1084
1072
1069
1088
1129
1174
1208
1235
1249
1253
1260
1273
1283
1297
1308
1310
1304
1298
1298
1299
1301
1317
1325
1318
1326
1341
1341
90
89
148
170
173
174
197
209
211
227
253
286
369
497
656
753
825
882
932
968
991
1023
1057
1078
1077
1073
1104
1151
1202
1235
1270
1277
1284
1299
1307
1327
1336
1350
1350
1336
1333
1325
1326
1327
1349
1357
1339
1352
1370
1368
93
93
93
89
91
91
99
96
95
100
105
99
108
111
114
117
117
128
133
132
134
145
143
154
158
161
171
176
180
183
185
188
187
195
195
199
203
208
210
216
217
219
223
229
235
242
246
260
275
289
94
96
96
93
92
92
95
93
98
102
102
103
104
112
110
119
119
126
126
127
133
139
143
151
152
159
162
167
169
173
173
181
181
187
194
193
204
207
208
217
217
224
227
229
231
228
237
245
249
262
94
93
92
95
96
96
95
97
96
99
102
105
110
111
117
120
125
128
134
139
143
148
153
153
158
158
163
168
174
180
188
187
197
201
202
207
208
212
217
217
223
221
226
228
231
241
242
247
260
271
23
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
Time
(min)
TC #21
(°F)
TC #22
(°F)
TC #23
(°F)
TC #24
(°F)
Info
TC #25
(°F)
Info
TC #26
(°F)
Info
TC #27
(°F)
TC #28
(°F)
TC #29
(°F)
TC #30
(°F)
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
157
159
163
163
155
157
162
160
160
158
155
236
249
249
251
253
262
271
280
292
296
303
224
225
227
233
235
231
239
245
252
257
263
228
231
235
240
237
239
246
246
250
251
256
1319
1333
1331
1338
1353
1346
1343
1364
1390
1385
1377
1343
1347
1351
1351
1370
1372
1366
1377
1397
1402
1401
1363
1365
1371
1374
1389
1384
1380
1393
1416
1414
1413
298
318
337
349
352
372
387
399
407
413
419
274
292
303
317
327
347
356
371
378
400
416
284
297
317
334
349
362
378
392
402
420
438
Max Temp
Max Allowed
164
422
303
418
263
418
256
418
1390
1402
1416
419
418
416
419
438
419
24
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
Time
(min)
TC #31
(°F)
TC #32
(°F)
TC #33
(°F)
Info
TC #34
(°F)
Info
TC #35
(°F)
Info
TC #36
(°F)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
97
96
95
93
96
95
100
99
94
98
101
94
104
103
109
108
110
118
122
121
119
127
121
124
129
125
131
133
135
132
137
134
131
140
136
143
140
144
144
144
144
140
139
140
141
144
138
142
146
146
97
98
99
95
94
94
100
95
98
101
101
96
96
101
97
102
99
106
105
101
103
107
106
112
110
114
117
118
118
120
116
120
117
119
122
122
126
127
124
130
126
131
133
134
135
132
135
137
135
135
97
98
96
98
97
98
96
96
97
98
97
99
98
100
100
104
105
107
108
111
114
113
118
119
119
120
122
123
123
126
124
124
127
126
127
126
128
127
127
127
127
125
128
126
125
126
127
124
126
126
92
90
95
97
100
100
102
104
97
100
102
99
108
102
110
106
108
113
117
119
117
122
119
121
127
122
127
128
132
128
137
131
133
140
136
145
142
151
156
158
164
164
166
170
177
192
185
191
200
207
92
92
121
143
150
157
186
192
194
200
211
229
284
343
395
447
491
547
604
645
683
737
785
835
841
840
860
900
950
999
1034
1060
1069
1088
1105
1125
1144
1163
1169
1170
1165
1169
1172
1178
1198
1210
1205
1219
1237
1241
92
98
160
162
163
169
196
218
257
304
364
444
528
594
637
683
717
763
806
825
855
890
937
957
941
942
968
1015
1055
1097
1115
1133
1142
1150
1167
1179
1196
1209
1208
1204
1198
1198
1202
1204
1225
1233
1225
1235
1252
1254
August 28, 2002
25
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
Time
(min)
TC #31
(°F)
TC #32
(°F)
TC #33
(°F)
Info
TC #34
(°F)
Info
TC #35
(°F)
Info
TC #36
(°F)
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
140
144
148
148
140
143
147
145
145
144
142
136
141
140
139
137
141
144
144
144
143
139
128
126
125
125
129
128
128
129
129
129
131
208
214
224
230
233
233
241
243
249
251
254
1244
1257
1266
1269
1282
1287
1284
1300
1324
1329
1328
1260
1267
1270
1273
1290
1289
1281
1297
1319
1323
1326
Max Temp
Max Allowed
148
422
144
422
131
422
254
1329
1326
August 28, 2002
26
Project No. 16094-111638
CIMA
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
APPENDIX D
A PO
I
OR
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
PHOTOGRAPHS
AT O
R
27
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Test frame
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
One of the wall sections prior to insulating the center cavity
R
28
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Preparing the test sample
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
One cavity was dry-filled through a hole in the top plate
R
29
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
(L-R) single 2 x 4, dry-fill insulation, wet spray insulation (the block in the center cavity
was removed prior to testing)
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Wall sections mounted in the test frame
R
30
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Bottom view prior to placing the assembly on the furnace
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Bottom view prior to placing the assembly on the furnace
R
31
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Bottom view prior to placing the assembly on the furnace
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Bottom view prior to placing the assembly on the furnace
R
32
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Samples 1-3
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Samples 4-6
R
33
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Samples 7-8
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Start of test
R
34
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
The furnace was extinguished after 60 minutes
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Samples 1-3 immediately after the test
R
35
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Samples 4-6 immediately after the test
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Samples 7-8 immediately after the test
R
36
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Removing the assembly from the furnace
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Approximately 10" of virgin material remained in the insulated cavities, and the 2 x 6
was completely burnt
R
CIMA
Project No. 16094-111638
August 28, 2002
APPENDICES
Approximately 10" of virgin material remained in the insulated cavity, the 2 x 4 was
charred, and the two 1 x 4 were completely burnt
A PO
I
OR
AT O
IE
S
T
LA
B
EG
N
OM
Approximately 10" of virgin material remained in the insulated cavity, the 2 x 6 was
charred
R
37