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COSTUMES AND JEWELRY OF GUJARAT
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COSTUMES AND JEWELRY OF GUJARAT
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Contents
·
Introduction
·
Dresses of Gujarat
·
Ethnic Wears of Gujarat
·
ABHAS - Traditional Costume of Kutch Region
·
Ras and Garba Costumes
·
Bridal Costumes
·
Textiles of Gujarat
ü Patola
ü Bandhej
ü Embroidery
ü Jewelry
Introduction
One of the most industrialized states of India, Gujarat derives its name from Gujaratta, meaning
the land of the Gurjars. It is located on the western part of the Indian subcontinent and has an
international boundary with Pakistan. The state of Gujarat is rich in culture, history and crafts.
Dresses of Gujarat
The major features of the Gujarati dressing style are as follows:
o The traditional attire of the female Gujaratis has been Kurta also known as Zabho and
Pajamas called Lehengas.
o With the advent of westernized culture in the state, Gujarati women wear Kameez at home
and Saris outside, worn in the traditional Gujarati style.
o Gujarati ladies often carry a bunch of keys along with their Saris. The key holders are usually
made of silver.
o The jewelries of the ladies include Mangal Sutra, Bangles, Necklaces, earrings and nose
rings.
o Gujarati males often wear a gold ring and chain.
o The ladies sport a Bindi, which is a round shaped mark on the forehead made with red
powder or Sindoor. They often wear stickers instead of red powder nowadays.
Ethnic Wear of Gujarat
The ethnic Gujarati attires are vivid in style and brightly colored. The different communities sport
a different style of dressing such as the Garacia Jat women wear red or black colored chunnis,
while the Rabari women wear black open blouses, also known as Odhnis or Cholis. Mirror and
embroidery work is an integral aspect of Gujarati handicrafts.
Costumes of Men
The traditional attire of Gujarati men are Dhoti, Long and Short coat as well as turban cap.
However, in recent times pants and shirts are becoming more popular. In the rural areas, the
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common dresses worn are as follows:
o Chornos- Cotton drawers
o Kediyu or Angarakhu- Covering the upper part of the body
o Phento- A type of turban
o Dhoti- Waistcloth
o Kafani or Peharan- Shirt
Costume of Women
The traditional attire of Gujarati women is Lehenga Choli or Ghagra Choli, which is
supplemented by Odhni or Dupatta. The main attire of the village women are as follows:
o Chaniyo- Colored petticoat embellished with abhala or glass pieces
o Choli or Polku- Embroidered blouse
o Odhani- A piece of coarse cloth, which is used for covering the head
ABHAS - Traditional Costume Of Kutch Region
The Kutch region of Gujarat is especially popular for the Abha or Kanjari. Abha is essentially the
typical choli worn by the Gujarati village women folk. Kanjari is a long beautifully embroidered
blouse, with mirror work embellished upon it. The men of the Kutch region wear loose trousers,
short coat, long sleeved under-jackets and plain silk clothes. The Abha dressing style has been
popularized in the mainstream population by the likes of Anjali Mangaldas.
Ras And Garba Costumes
The Ras dance is performed to reenact or perform the Ras Leela or the divine trance dance by
Lord Krishna, performed by him at Gokul and Vrindavan. The costumes worn by the folks on this
occasion are as follows:
o Keviya- A small coat with tight sleeves, pleated frills and embroidered borders
o Kamarbandha- Colored Waistbands
o Churidars- Tight trousers
Bridal Costumes
Costume for Bride
Ethnicity is the key element of the Gujarati wedding attire for bride. Saris are the primary and
ideal dress for a Gujarati bride along with traditional pieces of Jewelry. There are two basic types
of Gujarati sarees:
o Panetar- White Saris with red bandhini border
o Gharchola- traditional red bandhini sarees crisscrossed with woven golden squares
Lehengas are also gaining momentum and popularity as bridal wear among the Gujaratis.
Costume for Groom
As per tradition, the attire for Gujarati grooms is Dhoti and Kurta. The popular color choices are
lemon yellow, cream and fawn. However, with the passage of time and advent of modernism,
men prefer Kurtas and Pajamas.
Textiles Of Gujarat
Patola
The Silk Patola craft, originated in the 7th Century A.D, in the southern region of India. Later
Kumarpal, the Solanki ruler, brought 700 weavers to Patan and let them settle on the banks of
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River Saraswati. Under the patronage of Kumarpal, the Patola craft reached its zenith. Patan and
Baroda are still the major hubs of this craft.
Patola involves a double-ikat technique, which usually takes a period of 5-6 months. Immense
coordination and visualization skills are deployed to achieve the finesse. Floral, geometrical and
figurative patterns are used to make Patola products. At a certain period of time, the products
were exclusively exported to Indonesia, where it was believed to possess healing properties and
bring welfare to the clan. It was also kept as a prized possession by the admiring royalty.
Bandhej
Bandhej or Bandhani style is very popular throughout India. The Khatri community of the Kutch
region specializes in the craft for many generations. The craft is also practiced in the Jamnagar
and Surendranagar districts of the state. Bandhani employs the tie and dye method, wherein the
cloth material is tied at a few places and immersed in different colored dyes to get patches or
designs, resembling mirror images. Various themes and patterns are also incorporated into the
design scheme of the Saris.
Embroidery
Embroidery was once the side occupation of the wives of nomads, herdsmen and agriculturists.
The craft is extremely popular among the different communities of the region. The Ahir, Jats,
Mukka, Mutwa and Sodha Rajputs are engaged in this craft. The most popular embroidery styles
are Rabari, Bavalia and Banni. Embroidery using Gold Zari is also very popular across Gujarat.
In this type of embroidery, intricate designs are achieved using gold and silver threads.
Jewelry
Broach was a very important center for precious metals, stones and jewelry trade for India.
Owing to this, many carvers, artisans, stone cutters settled in and around these trading hubs.
Thus, jewelry making hubs are spread across the state of Gujarat. Almost 80-90% of the
diamonds of the world are cut in the cities of Surat, Bhavnagar, Ahmedabad and Navasari. The
main jewelries worn by the Gujarati women are bangles, earrings, Mangal Sutras, necklaces and
rings. The age-old and popular tribal jewelry craft of Pachchikam is slowly and steadily gaining
popularity. Mundra, Anjar, Bhuj, Porbandar, Surendranagar, Jamnagar and Ahmedabad are the
main centers of silver jewelry making.
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