ChromaDexTM 99% Pure Curcumin

www.chromadex.com
ChromaDex 99% Pure Curcumin
TM
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Introduction
ChromaDex is promoting health and
well-being through the discovery
and development of nutraceutical
ingredients - naturally occurring
molecules that can be integrated
into dietary supplements, nutritional
products and functional foods
Turmeric is a member of the Curcuma botanical
group, which is part of the ginger family of herbs,
the Zingiberaceae. Ground turmeric is used as
a seasoning and is the main ingredient in curry.
Turmeric has been used in the practice of Indian
Ayurvedic medicine since 1900 BC, and in many
parts of Southeast Asia it is still used as an alternative
medicinal agent for the treatment of a variety of
ailments such as stomach ache, flatulence, jaundice,
arthritis, sprains, wounds, and skin infections1. The
bright yellow color of turmeric comes mainly from fatsoluble, polyphenolic pigments called curcuminoids.
Curcumin, chemically known as diferuloylmethane,
is recognized as the primary biologically active
curcuminoid and was first isolated from turmeric
almost two centuries ago. Curcumin has recently
gained attention as an immune system contributor,
with beneficial effects reported in arthritis, allergy,
asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer’s
disease, cancer, and diabetes2,3.
99% Pure Curcum
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ChromaDexTM Curcumin is a High Purity Nature-Identical Curcumin
It is generally accepted that curcumin has the
highest anti-oxidant potential of the curcuminoids2.
This is because studies indicate that although the
phenolic groups are essential for the free radical
scavenging activity, the scavenging activity is
further amplified with the presence of methoxy4
groups (see below). That gives curcumin, with
two methoxy groups, a higher anti-oxidant
potential than both demethoxycurcumin, with
one methoxy group, and bisdemethoxycurcumin,
which contains no methoxy groups. Most available
high purity turmeric extracts contain up to 77%
curcumin, 17% demethoxycurcumin, and 3 %
bisdemethoxycurcumin5. With a 99+% purity,
ChromaDex Curcumin is free of these other
curcuminoids and does not contain the
additional 30-40% bioinactive impurities
that are also common in natural extracts.
pricing are consistent. Additionally, manufacturing
produces very little solvent waste compared with
the amounts exhausted during curcumin extraction
from turmeric biomass. That makes ChromaDex
Curcumin truly a product of green chemistry! In
addition, ChromaDex Curcumin has approximately
25% more curcumin by weight than the average
turmeric extract.
The Structure of Curcuminoids
O
HO
HO
In a market low on the turmeric
biomass required for curcuminoids
extraction, ChromaDex Curcumin
starting material is a renewable
and sustainable resource so
material availability and
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
O
Curcumin
OH
OH
HO
OH
O
O
O
OH
OH
O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
Demethoxycurcumin
OH
HO
HO
HO
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
O
O
O
O
Bisdemethoxycurcumin
min
HO
HO
OH
OH
HO
O
O
O
O
O
HO
HO
OH
O
O
O
O
OH
OH
HO
OH
O
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O
O
O
O
O
O
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Potential Health Benefits of Curcumin
Strong Antioxidant: may help protect against free
radical damage6
Anti-Inflammatory Potential: has been shown to lower
histamine levels and may help alleviate pain and
stiffness in the joints from arthritis, bursitis, and
tendonitis7,8
COX-2 Inhibitor: down-regulates the expression of
COX-2, the enzyme linked with most types of
inflammations9,10
Improves Circulation: may prevent platelets from
clumping together and thus helps protect against
atherosclerosis11
Wound Healing Potential: may facilitate collagen
production12.13
Cholesterol Lowering Potential: may be used to
maintain healthy cholesterol levels14-16
Anti-Cancer Potential: may suppress angiogenesis and
induce apoptosis and tumor suppressor genes17-19
Diabetes: promotes lower blood glucose levels20,21
Phytochemical Profile of Curcumin
Healthy Heart Potential: may reduce the risk of a heart
attack22,23
Structure:
Antimicrobial: antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal24-26
Potential Anti-depressant Activity: shown in
animal studies to raise serotonin, dopamine, and
noradrenaline levels in the brain27,28
CH3
O
OH
HO
O
O
O
CH3
CAS#:
458-37-7
Molecular
Weight:
OH
368.38
HO
Molecular Formula: C21H20O6
Other Names:
Diferuloylmethane
O
O
1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3
-methoxyphenyl)-1,6
-heptadiene-3, 5-dione
O
CH3
OH
HO
O
O
99%
O
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Curcumin Safety
Several studies have been performed to demonstrate
the safety of curcumin. Curcumin doses of 1.8g/kg/
day to rats and 0.9g/kg/day to monkeys showed no
toxicity or adverse events29,30. A phase I clinical trial
on humans with high-risk or premalignant lesions
was carried out to determine associated toxicity
with high dose curcumin administration. Subjects
were administered up to 8000mg of curcumin
per day with no toxic effects experienced30. Since
then, several clinical studies have used doses of
pure curcumin in the 500-2000mg/day range with
no reports of toxic effects or adverse outcomes in
humans14,31. Most finished products contain 5001000 mg of curcumin per serving.
% Pure Curcumin
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Sample Curcumin Certificate of Analysis
Certificate of Analysis
Structure
PRODUCT
Curcumin
PART NUMBER
00003927
MATERIAL TYPE
Dietary Supplement (DS) Grade
LOT NUMBER
XXXXXXXX-XXX
DATE OF MANUFACTURING
June XXXX
DATE OF CofA
July XXXX
NAME
Curcumin
OTHER NAME
1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione; Curcuma
yellow; Diferuloylmethane; Gelbwurz; Haldar; Halud; Hydrastis; Indian
saffron; Indian turmeric; Merita earth; Orange root; Souchet; Terra merita;
Yellow root; Yo-kin
CHEMICAL FORMULA
C21H20O6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
368.38
PUBLISHED MELTING POINT
183ºC
CAS NUMBER
[458-37-7]
CHEMICAL FAMILY
Phenolic Acids
MANUFACTURER ASSAY
TEST
METHOD
SPECIFICATION
RESULT
HPLC
Loss on Drying
Heavy Metals
Lead
Arsenic
Cadmium
Mercury
Total Plate Count
Yeast and Mold
Salmonella
E. Coli
Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Appearance
NA
NA
ICP
ICP
ICP
ICP
ICP
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
NA
NLT 99.0%
NMT 0.5%
See Below
NMT 1ppm
NMT 1ppm
NMT 1ppm
NMT 1ppm
NMT 1000 CFU/g
NMT 100 CFU/g
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
Bright yellow to orange
99.26%
0.3%
See Below
Below LOQ (<1.0ppm)
Below LOQ (<1.0ppm)
Below LOQ (<1.0ppm)
Below LOQ (<1.0ppm)
100
<10
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Orange solid
STORAGE CONDITIONS
STORAGE
Room temperature in a dry place
EXPIRATION DATE
8/XXXX under the above conditions
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References
Below are the references cited in this brochure. Please contact ChromaDex for a more complete list of references for Curcumin.
1. Nadkarni KM. Curcuma Longa. Indian Materia Medica. Popular
Prakashan: Bombay, 414 (1976)
2. Ahsan H, Parveen N, Khan NU, and Hadi SM. Pro-oxidant, antioxidant and cleavage activities on DNA of curcumin and its
derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Chem
Biol Interact. 121, 161-75 (1999)
3. Aggarwal BB and Harikumar KB. Potential therapeutic
effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent,
against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic,
autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 41,
40 (2009)
4. Sreejayan N and Rao MN. Free radical scavenging activity of
curcuminoids. Arzneimittelforschung. 46, 169 (1996)
10005 Muirlands Blvd., Suite G | Irvine, CA 92618 USA | +1-949-419-0288 | sales@chromadex.com
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5. Huang MT, Ma W, Lu YP, Chang RL, Fisher C, Manchand PS, Newmark
HL, and Conney AH. Effects of curcumin,demethoxycurcumin,
bis-demethoxycurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin on12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion.
Carcinogenesis 16, 2493 (1995)
6. Ramirez-Bosca A, Soler A, and Gutierrez MA. Antioxidant curcuma
extracts decrease the blood lipid peroxide levels of human subjects.
Age. 18, 167 (1995)
7. Ammon HP, Safayhi H, Mack T, and Sabieraj J. Mechanism of antiinflammatory actions of curcumin and boswellic acids. J
Ethnopharmacol. 38, 113 (1993)
and activation of caspases in human leukemia HL-60 cells. J Agric
Food Chem. 49, 1464 (2001)
19. Liontas A and Yeger H. Curcumin and resveratrol induce apoptosis and
nuclear translocation and activation of p53 in human neuroblastoma.
Anticancer Res. 24, 987 (2004)
20. Babu PS and Srinivasan K. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the
active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced
diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 166, 169 (1997)
21. Arun N and Nalini N. Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol
pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 57, 41 (2002)
8. Deodhar SD, Sethi R, and Srimal RC. Preliminary studies on
antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Indian J
Med Res. 71, 632 (1980)
22. Nirmala C and Puvanakrishnan R. Protective role of curcumin against
isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Mol Cell Biochem.
159, 85 (1996)
9. Zhang F, Altorki NK, Mestre JR, Subbaramaiah K, and Dannenberg
AJ. Curcumin inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription in bile acidand phorbol ester-treated human gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
Carcinogenesis. 20, 445 (1999)
23. Srivastava KC, Bordia A, and Verma SK. Curcumin, a major component
of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and
alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins
Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 52, 223 (1995)
10. Tunstall RG, Sharma RA, Perkins S, Sale S, Singh R, Farmer PB,
Steward WP, and Gescher AJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and
oxidative DNA adducts in murine intestinal adenomas: Modification
by dietary curcumin and implications for clinical trials. Eur J
Cancer. 42, 415 (2006)
24. Jordan WC and Drew CR. Curcumin–a natural herb with anti-HIV
activity. J Natl Med Assoc. 88, 333 (1996)
11. Srivastava R, Puri V, Srimal RC, and Dhawan BN. Effect of curcumin on
platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis
Arzneimittelforschung. 36, 715 (1986)
12. Sidhu GS, Singh AK, Thaloor D, Banaudha KK, Patnaik GK, Srimal
RC, and Maheshwari RK. Enhancement of wound healing by
curcumin in animals. Wound Repair Regen. 6, 167 (1998)
13. Biswas TK and Mukherjee B. Plant medicines of Indian origin for
wound healing activity: A review. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2, 25
(2003)
14. Soni KB and Kuttan R. Effect of oral curcumin administration on
serum peroxides and cholesterol levels in human volunteers.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 36, 273 (1992)
15. Peschel D, Koerting R, and Nass N. Curcumin induces changes
in expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. J Nutr
Biochem. 18, 113 (2007)
16. Kim M and Kim Y. Hypocholesterolemic effects of curcumin via upregulation of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase in rats fed a high fat diet.
Nutr Res Pract. 4, 191 (2010)
17. Leyon PV and Kuttan G. Studies on the role of some synthetic
curcuminoid derivatives in the inhibition of tumour specific
angiogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 22, 77 (2003)
18. Pan MH, Chang WL, Lin-Shiau SY, Ho CT, and Lin JK. Induction of
apoptosis by garcinol and curcumin through cytochrome c release
25. Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jagan Mohan Rao L, and Sakariah KK.
Antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: A byproduct from curcumin
manufacture. J Agric Food Chem. 47, 4297 (1999)
26. Kim MK, Choi GJ, and Lee HS. Fungicidal property of Curcuma longa L.
rhizome-derived curcumin against phytopathogenic fungi in a
greenhouse. J Agric Food Chem. 51, 1578 (2003)
27. Xu Y, Ku BS, Yao HY, Lin YH, Ma X, Zhang YH, and Li XJ. The effects of
curcumin on depressive-like behaviors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 518,
40 (2005)
28. Xu Y, Ku BS, Yao HY, Lin YH, Ma X, Zhang YH, and Li XJ. Antidepressant
effects of curcumin in the forced swim test and olfactory bulbectomy
models of depression in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 82, 200
(2005)
29. Shankar TN, Shantha NV, Ramesh HP, Murthy IA, and Murthy VS.
Toxicity studies on turmeric (Curcuma longa): acute toxicity studies
in rats, guineapigs & monkeys. Indian J Exp Biol. 18, 73 (1980)
30. Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen TS, Ko JY, Lin JT, Lin
BR, Ming-Shiang W, Yu HS, Jee SH, Chen GS, Chen TM, Chen CA, Lai
MK, Pu YS, Pan MH, Wang YJ, Tsai CC, and Hsieh CY. Phase I clinical
trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk
or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res. 21, 2895 (2001).
31. Hanai H, Iida T, Takeuchi K, Watanabe F, Maruyama Y, Andoh A,
Tsujikawa T, Fujiyama Y, Mitsuyama K, Sata M, Yamada M, Iwaoka Y,
Kanke K, Hiraishi H, Hirayama K, Arai H, Yoshii S, Uchijima M, Nagata T,
and Koide Y. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis:
randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4, 1502 (2006)
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