free-running dielectric resonator oscillators
Transcription
free-running dielectric resonator oscillators
Back to Frequency Generation Products Home FREE-RUNNING DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS Introduction To DROs • DRO Series • TCDRO Series • ETCO Series 100 Davids Drive • Hauppauge, NY 11788 • 631-436-7400 • Fax: 631-436-7430 • www.miteq.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS CORPORATE OVERVIEW OSCILLATORS CONTENTS High-Value Phase-Locked Coaxial Resonator Oscillator – BCO Series Phase-Locked Coaxial Resonator Oscillator – DLP Series Fundamental/Multiplied Phase-Locked Coaxial Resonator Oscillator – CP/CPM Series Lowest Noise Phase-Locked Dielectric Resonator Oscillator – DLCRO Series Introduction to DROs Ultra Low-Noise Phase-Locked Dielectric Resonator Oscillator – PLDRO Series Variable Frequency Multi-Source Oscillator – VFS Series Mechanically-Tuned Dielectric Resonator Oscillator – DRO Series Phased-Locked Coaxial Resonator Oscillator – LP Series Temperature Compensated Dielectric Resonator Oscillator – TCDRO Multiplied Phase-Locked Coaxial Resonator Oscillator – LPLM Series Phased-Locked Crystal Oscillator – PLD Series Electronically-Tuned Coaxial Oscillator – ETCO Ultra Low-Noise Crystal Oscillator – XTO-05 Series Multiplied Crystal Oscillator to 1 GHz – XTM Series FREE-RUNNING DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS FREE-RUNNING DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS Introduction to DROs Mechanically-Tuned Dielectric Resonator Oscillator – DRO Series Temperature Compensated Dielectric Resonator Oscillator – TCDRO Series Electronically-Tuned Coaxial Oscillator – ETCO FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS L-Band Frequency Synthesizer – L2LS Series S-Band Frequency Synthesizer – S2LS Series C-Band Frequency Synthesizer – C3LS Series Ku-Band Frequency Synthesizer – Ku3LS Series High Performance Ku- and L-Band Dual Output Synthesizer – CFS Series X-Band Frequency Synthesizer – LNS Series Low Phase Noise SATCOM Synthesizer – MFS Series Octave Wide Frequency Synthesizer – OW Series Fast Switching Synthesizer – SLS Series 93 Multiband Synthesizer – C-, X- , and Ku-Band Series ISO 9001:2000 ORDERING INFORMATION WARRANTY Series INTRODUCTION TO DROs INTRODUCTION TO DROs Dielectric Resonator Oscillators (DROs) are microwave oscillators that use a dielectric resonator (DR) as the frequency stabilizing element in order to achieve excellent frequency stability, high Q and very low microphonics. The DR, when used as part of the resonating circuit of any active microwave device, produces a steady state oscillation under the right conditions at the resonant frequency of the DR. DIELECTRIC RESONATOR MAGNETICALLY COUPLED TO DIFFERENT PORTS OF TRANSISTOR USING TRANSMISSION LINE MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATOR THEORY AND CIRCUIT DESIGN MITEQ’s DRO circuits utilize both silicon bipolar transistors and GaAs MESFET devices. All microwave oscillators are designed by adding resonating elements (L, C or R) in various configurations to different ports of a transistor. These elements generate a negative resistance at a certain resonant frequency and set the device into oscillation. In the case of a DRO, the resonating element is the DR, which can be modeled electrically as an L, C, R network, as shown in Figure 1. DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ELECTRICAL MODEL O/P MATCH DR Zo Z o/p Zi MAGNETIC FIELD DR O/P MATCH Zo Zi ZL Z o/p FIGURE 2 d 1 h L1 R1 C1 2 FIGURE 1 The Dielectric Resonator is made of a high dielectric constant (ε = 30 to 80) ceramic material, often barium titanate (Ba2Ti9O20). This material exhibits a high Q (9000 @ 10 GHz) and low temperature coefficient of frequency (TC to ±6 ppm/°C typical). OSCILLATOR FABRICATION TECHNIQUES MITEQ DROs are manufactured using state-of-the-art thin-film hybrid micro-circuit technology. These DROs are suited for applications requiring rugged construction for operation under severe environmental stress. TYPICAL DRO PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS When comparing different types of oscillators versus a DRO, an engineer may wish to consider the following performance specifications: FREQUENCY ACCURACY AND SETTABILITY The cylindrical shape as shown in Figure 1 is the most popular. It has good separation between the desired TEδ(0,1) mode and other higher order resonant modes, making it easier to couple to microstrip circuits, as well as easy to mount. The resonator is magnetically coupled to one or more ports of the transistor using a transmission line, as shown in Figure 2. 47 The frequency accuracy of a free-running DRO is typically within 500 kHz and can be set to within 100 kHz. FREQUENCY STABILITY ‘ DROs are highly stable free-running oscillators exhibiting low temperature coefficient of frequency drift (typically 4 ppm/°C) and have better stability than free-running cavity oscillators, Gunn diode oscillators or VCOs. INTRODUCTION TO DROs (CONT.) FREQUENCY PULLING FACTOR LIMITATIONS OF A DROs PERFORMANCE Pulling is an oscillators sensitivity to VSWR changes. Since the DRO is a high Q oscillator, its frequency pulling factor is better than other free-running sources. The frequency pulling figure for an unbuffered (at 10 GHz) DRO is typically less than 5 MHz peak-to-peak for a 1.5:1 VSWR varying through all phases. BANDWIDTH RF POWER OUTPUT PHASE NOISE A DRO exhibits good power efficiency compared to other oscillators, such as a Gunn oscillator or VCO, due to lossless coupling of dielectric resonator element. It also has less power variation over temperature. DROs typically offer excellent phase noise performance. Typical phase noise curves can be seen on page 50. Mechanical tuning bandwidth is another limiting factor. Typically the bandwidth is 0.2% of center frequency, it can only be increased up to 3% of center frequency for special applications. EFFECT OF POWER SUPPLY VARIATION AND OTHER NOISE CONSIDERATION Frequency pushing is small, typically 15 kHz/volt. Also, residual noise is lower and the oscillator exhibits low microphonics (noise caused by mechanical vibrations). 48 MECHANICALLY-TUNED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATOR DRO SERIES FEATURES • Ultra-clean source ideal for low spur application • Miniaturized designs • High-reliability construction • Low phase noise OPTIONS • High power (-HP-ST) • Voltage tuning (-VT-ST) • Special (-SP) (please contact factory before ordering) Special is defined as a requirement with a specification(s) different than the standard catalog. For example, extended mechanical and electrical tuning, extended or narrowed temperature range, lower output power, different DC power requirement, etc. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS PARAMETERS Operating frequency range (Note 2) UNITS GHz E EF F SERIES - ST (STANDARD) G H J K 2.4 – 3.7 3.7 – 4.8 4.8 – 6.5 6.5 – 8.8 8.8 – 12 12 – 16 16 – 18 18 – 20 L 20 – 22 M N 22 – 24 24 – 26 Output power (Note 1) dBm, min. +13 +13 +13 +13 +13 +13 +11 +11 +11 +11 +11 Output power variation over temperature range Fundamental dB, max. ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 dBc, max. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -20 -20 -20 -20 Harmonics dBc, max. -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 Spurious dBc, max. -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 Mechanical tuning MHz, min. ±3 ±5 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 Frequency pushing kHz/V, max. 10 10 15 15 15 20 25 30 30 30 30 Frequency pulling (1.5:1 VSWR) MHz, P-P max. 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 Frequency drift temp. coefficient (Note 3) ppm/°C, max. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 dBc/Hz, typ. 105 105 95 90 85 80 80 80 80 80 80 Phase noise @ 10 kHz offset DC power Current Volts (Note 4) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 mA, max. 150 150 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 Outline drawing Temperature range 49 D °C -20 to +70 MECHANICALLY-TUNED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATOR ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) PARAMETERS Electrical tuning @ Vvar = 1–15 V Phase noise @ 10 kHz offset SERIES - ST (STANDARD) F G H J K VOLTAGE TUNABLE OPTION (VT-ST) UNITS D E EF MHz, min. N/A N/A N/A 8 12 20 20 dBc/Hz, typ. N/A N/A N/A 85 80 75 75 L M N 25 25 25 25 75 75 75 75 HIGH POWER OPTION (HP-ST) Output power Current Frequency pulling (1.5:1 VSWR) dBm, min. +17 +17 +17 +17 +17 +17 +17 +17 +17 +14 +14 mA, max. 220 220 220 220 220 230 230 260 260 150 150 MHz, P-P max. 2 2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Outline drawing Notes: 1. Output power is guaranteed into 50 ohm load. 2. Operating frequency must be specified. 3. Averaged over the full temperature range. 4. Alternate DC voltage available. MITEQ also offers DROs with enhanced specifications as special models (-SP). 10,007 TYPICAL TUNING CURVE (F = 10 GHz) FREQUENCY FREQUENCY (MHz) (MHz) 10,006 10,005 10,004 10,007 10,003 10,006 10,002 10,005 10,001 10,004 10,000 10,003 9,999 10,002 9,998 10,001 9,997 10,000 9,996 9,999 9,995 9,998 9,994 9,997 9,993 9,996 9,992 9,995 9,994 9,993 9,992 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VOLTAGE (V) 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VOLTAGE (V) 10 11 12 13 14 15 TYPICAL PHASE NOISE CURVE (F = 10 GHz) PHASE(dBc/Hz) NOISE (dBc/Hz) PHASE NOISE 0 -10 -20 -30 0 -40 -10 -50 -20 -60 -30 -70 -40 -80 -50 -90 -60 -100 -70 -110 -80 -120 -90 -130 -100 -140 -110 -150 -120 -160 -1301K -140 -150 -160 1K 10K 100K FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz) 1M 10M 10K 100K FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz) 1M 10M 50 MECHANICALLY-TUNED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS ORDERING INFORMATION DRO Series D, E, EF, F, G, H J, K, L, M or N Frequency MHz Type Standard (ST) Voltage Tunable Standard (VT-ST) High Power Standard (HP-ST) Special Requirement (SP) Note: When specifying type, include applicable detailed information. Example Example Example Example 1: 2: 3: 4: 12 GHz DRO standard: DRO-G-12000-ST. 4.5 GHz DRO with +17 dBm power: DRO-E-04500-HP-ST. 15 GHz DRO with voltage tuning: DRO-H-15000-VT-ST. 8 GHz DRO with any specification different than listed in catalog: DRO-F-08000-SP, please contact MITEQ. MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS Size per outline number 1 ........................................ 2 ........................................ 3......................................... 4 ........................................ 5 ........................................ Weight ................................... MITEQ’s standard dielectric resonator oscillators have been designed to meet the below maximum environmental conditions (for standard specification, see pages 49 and 50). 2.1" x 2.75" x 1.08" 1.75" x 2" x 0.85" 1.39" x 1.6" x 0.7" 1.05" x 1.45" x 0.63" 1.05" x 1.45" x 0.63" Frequency dependent, please consult MITEQ where critical RF connectors....................... SMA female DC connectors ...................... Feedthru filter Temperature Operating ....................... Storage .......................... Humidity............................. Shock (survival) ................. Vibration (survival) ............. -55 to +95°C -65 to +115°C 95% at 40°C noncondensing 30 g’s, 10 ms pulse 20 to 2000 Hz random to 4 g’s rms OUTLINE DRAWINGS OUTLINE 1 0.38 [9.65] 2.75 [69.85] 0.15 [3.81] TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY 0.28 [7.11] 0.93 [23.62] DC POWER GROUND 0.27 [6.86] 4-40 UNC TAP x 0.19 [4.83] DEEP MOUNTING HOLE (TYP. 4 PLACES) 0.1 [2.54] 2.55 [64.77] 0.1 [2.54] 0.9 [22.9] 1.9 [48.3] 2.1 [53.3] RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE SMA FEMALE NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN IN BRACKETS [ ] ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 51 OUTLINE DRAWINGS (CONT.) OUTLINE 2 .094 [2.39] GROUND .670 [17.02] DC POWER .380 [9.65] 1.812 [46.025] .094 [2.39] RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE 1.750 SMA FEMALE [44.45] 1.562 [39.675] .410 [10.41] TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY .150 [3.81] .28 [7.11] .100 [2.54] DIA. THRU (4 HOLES) 2.000 [50.8] .200 [5.08] .790 [20.07] .700 [17.78] OUTLINE 3 TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY 1.6 [40.64] 0.15 [3.81] TYP. 0.38 [9.65] RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE SMA FEMALE 0.55 [13.97] 0.28 [7.11] GROUND 0.80 [20.32] 0.09 [2.29] 1.39 [35.31] VOLTAGE TUNING (OPTIONAL) 0.28 [7.11] 0.96 [24.38] 1.21 [30.73] DC POWER 0.28 [7.11] 0.07 [1.78] 0.2 [5.08] 1.46 [37.08] 0.10 [2.54] DIA. THRU MOUNTING HOLE (TYP. 4 PLACES) NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN IN BRACKETS [ ] ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 52 OUTLINE DRAWINGS (CONT.) OUTLINE 4 0.15 [3.81] TYP. 1.45 [36.83] 0.48 [12.19] TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY 0.23 [5.84] 0.2 [5.08] 0.72 [18.29] VOLTAGE TUNING (OPTIONAL) 0.28 [7.11] 0.62 [15.74] RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE SMA FEMALE 0.09 [2.29] 0.87 [22.10] 1.05 [26.67] 0.38 [9.65] GROUND DC POWER 0.28 [7.11] 0.07 [1.78] 0.10 [2.54] DIA. THRU MOUNTING HOLE (TYP. 4 PLACES) 1.31 [33.27] OUTLINE 5 0.15 [3.81] TYP. 0.48 [12.19] 1.45 [36.83] TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY 0.23 [5.84] 0.2 [5.08] 0.72 [18.29] 0.09 [2.29] 0.87 [22.10] 1.05 [26.67] 0.38 [9.65] GROUND DC POWER 0.28 [7.11] 0.07 [1.78] 1.31 [33.27] VOLTAGE TUNING (OPTIONAL) 0.28 [7.11] 0.50 [12.70] RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE SMA FEMALE 0.10 [2.54] DIA. THRU MOUNTING HOLE (TYP. 4 PLACES) NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN IN BRACKETS [ ] ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 53 This page is intentionally blank 54 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS TCDRO SERIES FEATURES • Ultra-clean source ideal for low spur application • High-reliability design • Very low frequency drift over temperature • Buffered output • 100% burn-in OPTIONS • Special (-SP) (please contact factory before ordering) Special is defined as a requirement with a specification(s) different than the standard catalog. For example, extended or narrowed temperature range, different output power, different DC power requirement, etc. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS PARAMETERS Operating frequency range (Note 2) Output power (Note 1) SERIES - ST (STANDARD) H J K UNITS F G L M N GHz 6.5 – 8.8 8.8 – 12 12 – 16 16 – 18 18 – 20 20 – 22 22 – 24 24 – 26 dBm, min. +17 +17 +17 +17 +11 +11 +11 +11 Output power variation over temperature range dB, max. ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 Harmonics and fundamental dBc, min. -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 Spurious dBc, min. -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 -80 Mechanical tuning MHz, min. ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 Frequency pushing kHz/V, max. 15 15 20 25 30 30 30 30 Frequency pulling (1.5:1 VSWR) MHz, P-P max. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 Frequency drift temp. coefficient (Note 3) ppm/°C, max. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 dBc/Hz, typ. 85 80 75 75 75 75 75 75 Phase noise @ 10 kHz offset DC power requirements Current Volts 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 mA, max. 220 220 220 230 120 120 120 120 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Outline drawing Temperature range °C -20 to +70 Notes: 1. Output power is guaranteed into 50 ohm load. 2. Operating frequency must be specified. 3. Averaged over the full temperature range. MITEQ also offers TCDROs with enhanced specifications as special models (-SP). 55 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATOR ORDERING INFORMATION TCDRO Series F, G, H, J, K, L, M or N Frequency MHz Type Standard (ST) Special Requirements (SP) Note: When specifying options, include applicable detailed information. Example 1: 6.5 GHz TCDRO standard: TCDRO-F-06500-ST. Example 2: 12 GHz TCDRO with any specification different than listed in catalog: TCDRO-G-12000-SP, please contact MITEQ. MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS Outline drawings Size: Outline 6..................... 2.5" x 2.34" x 0.8" Outline 7..................... 1.8" x 2" x 0.65" Weight................................... Frequncy dependent, please consult MITEQ where critical RF connectors ...................... SMA female DC connectors ...................... Feedthru filter MITEQ’s standard dielectric resonator oscillators have been designed to meet the below maximum environmental conditions (for standard specification, see pages 49 and 50). Temperature Operating ....................... Storage .......................... Humidity............................. Shock (survival) ................. Vibration (survival) ............. -55 to +95°C -65 to +115°C 95% at 40°C noncondensing 30 g’s, 10 ms pulse 20 to 2000 Hz random to 4 g’s rms OUTLINE DRAWINGS OUTLINE 6 OUTLINE 7 0.100 [2.54] DIA. THRU MOUNTING HOLE (TYP. 4 PLACES) RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE SMA FEMALE 2.0 [50.8] 0.23 [5.84] 2.34 [59.44] 0.075 [1.905] RF OUTPUT FIELD REPLACEABLE SMA FEMALE 1.85 [46.99] 0.075 [1.905] 0.53 [13.46] 2.50 [63.50] 0.42 [10.67] 1.65 [41.91] 1.8 [45.72] 2.35 [59.69] 0.17 [4.32] 0.35 [8.89] 0.28 [7.11] 0.075 [1.905] 0.075 [1.905] 2.19 [55.63] 0.100 [2.54] DIA. THRU MOUNTING HOLE (TYP. 4 PLACES) 0.28 [7.11] GROUND 0.15 [3.81] 0.17 [4.32] GROUND 0.15 [3.81] TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY TUNING ELEMENT EXACT LOCATION DETERMINED BY FREQUENCY 0.50 [12.70] 0.65 [16.51] 0.34 [8.64] 0.29 [7.37] DC POWER 0.50 [12.70] DC POWER 0.229 [5.817] NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN IN BRACKETS [ ] ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 56 ELECTRICALLY TUNED COAXIAL OSCILLATOR ETCO SERIES: 0.10–4 GHz (FUNDAMENTAL) 4–24 GHz (MULTIPLIED) FEATURES • • • • • • • • Flexible design for customer requirements Electronically tuned for low noise source Up to octave band tuning (to 4 GHz) High Q resonator (narrow band units) Internal regulation for improved phase noise Small package 100% temperature testing Three-year warranty ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Output frequency range coverage (in bands) Output power Output harmonic Output spurious and subharmonics Phase noise Input tuning voltage (tuning bandwidth related) 0.10 – 24 GHz +13 dBm minimum -20 dBc maximum -50 dBc maximum (-25 dBc subs > 12 GHz) See graph 0–15 V maximum Input tuning (modulation) bandwidth up to 10 MHz maximum Load VSWR DC power (typical) Fundamental (to 4 GHz) Multiplied (4–12 GHz) Multiplied (12–24 GHz) Note: Nonstandard tuning requirements available, please contact MITEQ. 1.5:1 +12 to +15 V @ 200 mA +12 to +15 V @ 300 mA +12 to +15 V @ 400 mA TYPICAL PHASE NOISE -60 -70 PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 1K 10K 100K FREQUENCY OFFSET (Hz) 1M 10M 1000 MHz (OCTAVE BAND) 200 MHz (NARROW BAND) 2000 MHz (OCTAVE BAND) 57 ELECTRICALLY TUNED COAXIAL OSCILLATOR ORDERING INFORMATION ETCO P Series Start Frequency MHz Stop Frequency MHz Positive D.C. Supply Voltage (12 – 15) Example: Part Number ETCO-1000-10500-12P Electrical Tuned Coaxial Oscillator tunes from 10 GHz to 10.5 GHz with +12 volt supply. MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS Outline drawing ..................... Size ....................................... Weight ................................... RF connectors....................... Temperature Operating.................... Storage ....................... Humidity ......................... Shock (survival) ............. Vibration (survival) ......... 166335 2.25" X 2.25" X 0.6" 100 grams SMA female K-F (> 18 GHz) Voltage input ......................... Filtercon Tuning input........................... Filtered or non (Customer specify) -10 to +60°C -40 to +85°C 95% at 40°C noncondensing 30 g’s, 10 ms pulse 20 to 2000 Hz random to 4 g’s rms Note: Extended temperature ranges available, please contact MITEQ. OUTLINE DRAWING 166335 ETCO SERIES RF OUTPUT TYPE SMA FEMALE Ø.120 THRU 4 PLACES .32 [8.13] .48 [12.21] .89 [22.61] 1.09 [26.71] 1.29 [32.77] 2.070 [52.58] 2.250 [57.15] .10 [2.54] .09 [2.29] .09 [2.29] .60 [15.24] 2.070 [25.58] 2.25 [57.15] NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN IN BRACKETS [ ] ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 58