Hartford Courant article - Central Connecticut State University
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Hartford Courant article - Central Connecticut State University
Publication Date: 04/10/2011 This E-Sheet confirms that the ad appeared in The Hartford Courant on the date and page indicated. You may not create derivative works, or in any way exploit or repurpose any content displayed or contained on the e-tearsheet. Client Name: Advertiser: Section/Page/Zone: MAIN/A01/SUN3 Description: Ad Number: Insertion Number: Size: Color Type: HUSKIES’ RUN TO NO. 1 QQQ A C O M M E M O R AT I V E S E C T I O N The stories, the stats, the personalities: Relive the magic ride of Kemba Walker and teammates to the NCAA championship. And look back at the women’s record-setting season. Inside today VOLUME CLXXV COURANT.COM NUMBER 100 ● MOBILE.COURANT.COM SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 2011 A Civil Divide STAMFORD Boehner: Balanced Budget Is Goal State Staunchly Pro-Union, Split On Slavery, Race THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1865 By DAVID DRURY Special to The Courant T he shell from the Confederate mortar, its red fuse glowing “like the wings of a firefly,’’ according to one observer, hung briefly before beginning its descent and exploding directly over Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. That first shot, at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, ignited the greatest, most decisive war in American history. By the time the guns fell silent four years later, slavery was abolished, the national union was preserved and a staggering 620,000 men had died. The Civil War left an indelible mark on America’s soul. Its pivotal place in CONNECTICUT & THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES OPINION: John Brown, Harriet Beecher Stowe and war. Page C1 TRAVEL: From Civil War to civil rights in Mississippi. Page F1 ONLINE: Find more photos, reader submissions, events and more at courant.com/civilwar the nation’s history is beyond dispute. “Modern America as we know it was born in 1865,’’ said James I. “Bud” Robertson Jr., one of the country’s most esteemed historians of a conflict that remains enveloped in myth and misunderstanding, not just in the defeated South, but in the North, even after 150 years and the passage of several generations. Connecticut — where the outbreak of the war will be commemorated by the ceremonial firing of cannons Tuesday on the north lawn of the state Capitol — is no exception. The contribution the state made to the Union’s victory was immeasur- House Speaker Tells GOP Deal Is First Step By CHRISTOPHER KEATING ckeating@courant.com STAMFORD — U.S. House Speaker John Boehner, in the thick of a weeklong fight during White House budget talks, played a key role in the last-minute compromise Friday night that avoided a federal government shutdown. Then, with about three hours’ sleep, Boehner flew to Connecticut on Saturday to rally Republicans at the 33rd annual Prescott Bush Awards Dinner — the biggest annual fundraiser for the Connecticut Republican Party. Boehner told the crowd of about 550 Republicans that Boehner he always believed the shutdown would never happen. “The goal is not to shut down the government,” he said. “The goal is to cut spending in Washington, D.C.” During an evening speech that lasted less than 20 minutes, Boehner talked about the behind-the-scenes negotiations at the White House among Republicans, legisla- A CIVIL , A4 BOEHNER, A12 In Greenwich, The Land Of Porsches And Jaguars: No Love For Luxury Car Tax PHOTO COURTESY OF THE CONNECTICUT STATE LIBRARY ‘CAST IRON’ JACKSON’S MORTAR By CHRISTOPHER KEATING ckeating@courant.com More than 55,000 Connecticut men — 12 percent of the state’s population — fought in the Civil War, among them Lt. Lewis “Cast Iron” Jackson, shown at right, who commanded the 1st Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery. The company fired a 13-inch seacoast mortar mounted on a rail car that came to be known as the Petersburg Express. Above, Jackson leans against the mortar during the siege of Petersburg, Va., which lasted from June 1864 to March 1865. In 1902, a monument was dedicated at the state Capitol that included the same type of mortar. Below, he writes of plans for the photograph. In a small state with 10 billionaires and thousands of millionaires, Connecticut is the land of the luxury car. And Greenwich is ground zero. While some in Connecticut’s middle class struggle to earn an annual salary of $50,000, it is not unusual for a Greenwich MALLOY PLAN Excerpts From Letter To His Sister From Lewis “Cast Iron” Jackson resident to buy a car worth more than that. Up and down Greenwich Avenue, the main retail street, shoppers can spot the most expensive luxury cars in the nation. Public records in the assessor’s office show that Greenwich has 2,373 cars valued at more than $50,000 each. As such, local car dealers and some Greenwich residents are quite concerned about Gov. Dannel P. Malloy’s budgetbalancing proposal to impose an additional 3 percent “luxury tax” on the sale of all cars To: Mrs. Barzilla Thresher, Hartford, Conn. Thirteen-inch Mortar Battery, Pitkin Station, Va. . August 19th 1864 Dear Sister: … We have got a large platform car that is all iron clad to keep off the bullets of the Sharp shooters. On this we haul our 13-inch mortar which weighs over 22 tons. Behind this we have another iron clad car for the ammunition. And one for my 26 men to live in. The shells that I am firing now are 13 inches in diameter and weigh 194 pounds each. We put 7½ pounds of powder in the Shell and 10 pounds of lead bullets so you can judge what kind of a projectile it would be to hit a man in the head with. I am going to have a Photograph taken of the Rail Road Battery, or Land Gun Boat, as the Soldiers call it. If we get some pictures I will send you one. Excerpted from original letter in Connecticut state archives. Typescript by Dean Nelson, March 2011 To Our Readers Korky Vann’s Deal Of The Day Big Y has rolled out its premium loyalty program for $20 a year, and Savvy Shopper readers weigh in with some mixed reviews. LiveSmart, Page D1 People’s Pharmacy Reader suggestions: Underarm odor on clothes? Try spraying with cheap vodka. Weak fingernails? The dietary supplement MSM might help. Living, Page F3 For more tips, go to courant.com/health LUXURY, A9 You will find Home & Real Estate in a different place this morning. The section is with the Classified pages, bundled behind the Opinion section. Voice From The Past The Easter greeting that arrived last month at a Cromwell woman’s home from her grandfather in Greece was a bit of a shock: It was dated April 20, 1965. CTNow, Page B1 Warm-Up High of 58. Page A2 CLASSIFIED.............................K1-6 LOTTERY .....................................A2 MOVIES ........................................G5 OBITUARIES...........................B4-7 PUZZLES .............................F4, K6 Charlie Sheen Acts Up The actor’s limp “Violent Torpedo of Truth” show draws a few cheers in Connecticut, but offers little beyond his oversize ego and star power, says Roger Catlin. CTNow, Page B3 Saving At The Pump Is it safe to skip name-brand gas stations and go to discounters? How about passing up premium gas for regular? Yes and yes, experts say. LiveSmart, Page D1 $1.50 $2.00 in Fairfield County and outside CT, Copyright 2011 The Hartford Courant Co. 800 vacation experts • 160 stores • 59 years experi ence Extravaganza SalE! 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Client Name: Advertiser: Section/Page/Zone: MAIN/A04/2 Description: Ad Number: Insertion Number: Size: Color Type: A4 SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 2011 THE HARTFORD COURANT THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1865 CONNECTICUT & THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES CONNECTICUT GROUPS PLAN EVENTS TO MARK 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF START OF CIVIL WAR The Connecticut Civil War Commemoration Commission and many other groups are planning numerous events to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the U.S. Civil War. observances and activities at CCSU will mark the official start of the state commission’s commemoration. Opening ceremonies start at 10 a.m. Apri. 16. There will be exhibits and demonstrations at CCSU and at Stanley Quarter Park, New Britain. For the full schedule, go to ccsu.edu/civilwar. Some upcoming events: t Tuesday, 8 a.m.: Twelve cannons will be fired on the north lawn of the state Capitol, marking the start of the Civil War with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, S.C. At noon, Professor Matthew Warshauer of Central Connecticut State University will speak at the Old State House about the state’s role in the Civil War. t Friday: CCSU, the Association for the Study of Connecticut History, and the Connecticut Humanities Council plan a daylong “Connecticut in the Civil War” conference at the university. Registration is required. t April 16, 17: Weekend-long t Monuments: There are scores of Civil War monuments around the state. To see a list and learn more, go to chs.org/finding_aides/ ransom/introd.htm. JOHN WOIKE | JWOIKE@COURANT.COM THE NAMES of New Britain men who died in the Civil War are etched into the stonework of the Soldiers’ Monument in Central Park on the city’s Main Street. More than 55,000 Connecticut men, about 12 percent of the state’s population, fought in the Civil War. t History: Professor Matthew Warshauer of CCSU has written a new book, the first in-depth look at Connecticut’s role in the Civil War published in 46 years: “Connecticut in the American Civil War: Slavery, Sacrifice & Survival” (Wesleyan University Press). A CIVIL WAR DIVIDE Continued from Page A1 able. About 55,000 men, 12 percent of the state’s population, served in the war and 5,354 of them perished. Connecticut factories and shipyards supplied the Union’s armies and navy with huge quantities of guns, ammunition and materiel, while the state’s wives, sisters and mothers took the lead in the care and provisioning of its troops. More than 130 war monuments and memorials across the state attest to the wartime sacrifice and dedication of Connecticut citizens. It’s a stirring narrative, to be sure, but one that glosses over some rather unpleasant realities. Striking Contradictions While Connecticut was staunchly pro-Union and its residents largely opposed to the spread of slavery, it was also virulently anti-black — the “Georgia of New England,’’ in the words of Massachusetts abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison — and home to an active, vociferous peace movement that came perilously close in the spring of 1863 to toppling the Republican state administration. In 1864, fueled by a string of Union successes, President Abraham Lincoln was re-elected in a landslide, yet squeaked by in Connecticut, his 2,405vote margin of victory secured by a change in the state’s constitution that extended voting rights to soldiers serving in the field. In October 1865, just months after the guns had been stilled, Connecticut voters soundly rejected a state constitutional amendment that would have given blacks the right to vote. These striking contradictions about how and why Connecticut fought the war and their legacy are examined in “Connecticut in the American Civil War: Slavery, Sacrifice & Survival” (Wesleyan University Press, 2011), the first indepth look at the state’s Civil War experience published in 46 years. The book’s author, Matthew Warshauer, a history professor at Central Connecticut State University, said residents today would be surprised to learn of “the intense anti-black racism that existed and that Connecticut didn’t line up” and fully support the war effort. A co-chairman of the Connecticut Civil War Commemoration Commission, Warshauer, like other historians of the period, believes that the war’s 150th anniversary provides an opportunity for a fresh, more balanced and nuanced look at the conflict. It’s a chance, he said, to examine what it resolved — the end of slavery and the claimed right of state secession — and what it did not — racial and political equality and the limits of federal power, topics that are still hotly contested today. “History is about understanding the themes that extend across generations,’’ Warshauer said. “And The War Came’’ On April 15, 1861, in response to the attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln asked for 75,000 troops JOHN WOIKE | WOIKE@COURANT.COM MATT WARSHAUER, a Central Connecticut State University professor, has written a new book on Connecticut’s role in the Civil War. He is shown a the Soldiers’ Memorial in downtown New Britain, which honors that city’s residents who died during the war. to help put down the rebellion. Connecticut’s governor, William A. Buckingham, a Republican, immediately called for volunteers. Within days, the 1st Regiment of the Connecticut Volunteer Infantry was formed in Hartford and the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Regiment was mustered in New Haven a few days later. They were the first in what grew to a total of 30 infantry regiments, including the 29th Colored Volunteers, artillery and cavalry units that the state supplied to the Union armies. Nearly half — 47 percent — of Connecticut males between the ages of 15 and 50 served in the war. The men left family farms and factories and gave up comfortable professions to take up arms against a rebellion that had erupted in places most of them had never been. Why did they do it? The traditional answer — to preserve the Union — fails to convey the passion and depth of feeling that animated those alive during the 1840s and 1850s, when the issue of slavery dominated national politics. Northern states, reliant on ANCESTORS IN THE CIVIL WAR Filling Out Family Trees 150th Anniversary Likely To Spur More Searches By DAVID DRURY A Special to The Courant ctor Matthew Broderick learned about an ancestor who served with a Connecticut regiment and died fighting with Gen. Sherman outside Atlanta. Musician Lionel Richie discovered a greatgrandfather who, born a slave, became a prominent civic leader in the post-war African American community in Tennessee. They are two of the celebrities who have appeared on the NBC genealogy show “Who Do You Think You Are” who successfully traced Civil War-era ancestors with the help of online research tools. Digital record-keeping has revolutionized genealogical research and broadened its accessibility through the Internet. The 150th anniversary of the Civil War is expected to further boost its popularity as people seek information about their ancestors. Anastasia Harmon, lead family historian for the online genealogical service ancestry.com, said the site is based on building one’s family tree. After filling in names or partial names of parents, grandparents and other known relatives, links are then established to official records, usually beginning with the 1930 U.S. Census, the most recent one publicly available. Culling information such as names of household members, places of birth, occupations and birthplaces of parents allows the searcher to obtain links to prior census and other public records, eventually progressing back to Civil War-era military service and pension records, regimental musters, pay records and roll calls. “People are amazed on how much they can find and how far they can go back. The census is a key cog to the search,” Harmon explained. Ancestry.com can search about 6 billion records. A user can establish a family tree for free, then pays a subscription of $12.99 a month for the search function. Beginning April 7, visitors will be able to search the site’s Civil War records free for one week, said Sean Pate, public relations director for ancestry.com. History educator Carolyn Ivanoff, an assistant principal at Shelton Intermediate School who is developing a Web-based program on Connecticut during the Civil War, said she also recommends using the American Civil War Research Database (civilwardata.com), a subscription service with access to the servicerelated records of more than 4 million Union and Confederate soldiers. Other valuable genealogical research tools, she said, include the National Park Service Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, with an index of 6.3 million soldiers; the National Archives, where original Union and Confederate service and pension records are maintained and accessible by online request; and searchable databases of contemporary state newspapers for obituary information. free labor and with a highly visible abolition movement, growing industrial might and expanding financial and mercantile interests, believed that the country was being held hostage by “the slave power’’ — Southern plantation owners who viewed slave labor as a right protected under the U.S. Constitution that could be extended anywhere legitimately. The tie that bound these competing, contrasting economic systems was the production of slave-dependent cotton, “and both the South and the North became seduced by its economic power and turned away from a morality that they knew was challenged and troubling,” Warshauer said. Those fighting for the Union cause believed that slaveholding secessionists “sought to undo the work of the founding generation by dismantling a government that afforded white citizens wide economic and political opportunities and stood as a democratic example to the world,’’ concluded Gary W. Gallagher, the John L. Nau III Professor in the History of American Civil War at the University of Virginia. Slavery had ended in Connecticut just 13 years before the state marched to war. Free blacks accounted for but 8,227 of the state’s 460,147 residents, according to the 1860 Census, and a rising tide of European immigrants, principally from Ireland and Germany, had swelled its labor force. The abolition movement, by comparison with neighboring Massachusetts, remained modest. Beginning with the First Battle of Bull Run, in July 1861, Connecticut troops saw action in all the theaters of the conflict and participated in its most ferocious battles, notably Antietam, Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor and the Seven Days. STATE, A5 Publication Date: 04/10/2011 This E-Sheet confirms that the ad appeared in The Hartford Courant on the date and page indicated. You may not create derivative works, or in any way exploit or repurpose any content displayed or contained on the e-tearsheet. Client Name: Advertiser: Section/Page/Zone: MAIN/A05/2 Description: Ad Number: Insertion Number: Size: Color Type: THE HARTFORD COURANT THE CIVIL WAR: 1861-1865 SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 2011 A5 CONNECTICUT & THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES “Young people may not be confident they can change things. But society can be changed. You go from the Emancipation Proclamation to the election of Barack Obama.” Booker DeVaughn, co-chairman, Connecticut Civil War Commemoration Commission State Continued from Page A4 On the home front, Connecticut women organized groups to produce uniforms, knapsacks, flags, bandages and other essentials. A network of 70 local aid societies under the direction of the Hartford Soldiers Aid Society tended to the physical, medical and emotional needs of the state’s troops. Mystic shipyards built ships for the Union blockade and Connecticut was transformed, in Warshauer’s phrase, into “a virtual arsenal unto itself,’’ with well-known gunmakers like Colt, Eli Whitney Jr., Sharps and Savage Arms producing rifles and revolvers; Hazard Powder Co. manufacturing gun powder; and the Collins Co. churning out bayonets and cutting tools. War Opposition Not everyone was swept up in the patriotic wave. From the onset, there were Connecticut citizens opposed to war with the Confederacy. Peace flags flew around the state and in June 1861, a near riot erupted in Goshen after one resident raised the secession banner. The peace wing of the state Democratic Party found its champion in Thomas H. Seymour, a Mexican War hero who in April 1863 challenged Gov. Buckingham in a bitter, highly contested campaign. By that time, the Emancipation Proclamation had taken effect, ending slavery in the Confederate states, and Connecticut’s highly partisan newspapers provided the forum to debate the war’s proper aims: restoring the union as it existed in 1860 or ending slavery. Impassioned pleas were published from soldiers in the field and key furloughs allowed some units to return home to vote, swinging the election in Buckingham’s favor. Connecticut soldiers fully understood that emancipation deprived the Confederacy of the forced labor it needed to restock its depleted white military. One soldier, Fred Lucas of the 19th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, explained in a letter to his mother his anger at Seymour and his supporters: “We can have some little respect for an armed traitor in the enemy’s rank, but for those who sympathise with treason at home we have none but for them we have the greatest and deepest disgust.” The vitriol of Connecticut Democrats over emancipation and black equality reached a fever pitch in the 1864 campaign. “The core of the Democratic message was racially motivated, in the hope that the continued ridicule of blacks and abolitionists would successfully sway white voters,’’ concluded Warshauer. The strategy failed. Lincoln was re-elected, and the war ended six months later. The War Remembered ALEXANDER GARDNER PHOTO | HANDOUT Lia Hyundai of Hartford ONLY AT IN 1862, President Abraham Lincoln, center, Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand and detective Allan Pinkerton are shown in Antietam, Md. The Connecticut Civil War Commemoration Commission, created by executive order last September, is one of more than 20 state commissions or committees formed to recognize the war’s 150th anniversary. Unlike the Civil War Centennial of the 1960s, there is no national commission, so individual states are left to decide how much — or how little — to devote to the commemoration. Virginia, home to the Confederate capital and scene of 60 percent of the war’s battles, occupies one end of the spectrum. The Virginia Sesquicentennial of the American Civil War Commission has received a state appropriation of $2 million annually since 2008, according to its executive director, Cheryl Jackson, and is currently sponsoring a major exhibit at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond funded by a $950,000 National Endowment for the Humanities grant. 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ACCENT sisting on small donations, some money from CCSU and larger grants from the Connecticut Humanities Council and The Travelers, whose founder, James Batterson, was a leading supporter of Lincoln and Buckingham. The commission’s mission — to increase public understanding of the Civil War and its legacy — comes at a time when, as Warshauer points out, the study of history and social studies “is under siege” in public schools because of budget-cutting. A recent story in Newsweek magazine, focusing on the public’s ignorance of American history and government, said 38 percent of 1,000 American citizens given the U.S. citizenship test failed. James Robertson, whose lectures on the Civil War at Virginia Tech and on National Public Radio have riveted generations of students, advises Connecticut teachers to use diaries, letters, anecdotes and human details to bring the story of the nation’s greatest trial to life. “Teach the human aspect of the war, the emotional aspect of the war. One of my axioms of a half-century of college teaching is if you don’t understand the emotional aspect of the war, you don’t understand the war,’’ he said. Booker DeVaughn, the retired president of Three Rivers Community College and cochairman of the Connecticut commission, has an avid interest in local and state history. An African American, he has served on the board of the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, researched the accomplishments of the 29th Colored Infantry and said that one legacy of the war is that society can change for the better. “How you incorporate black people, African Americans, into the life of America has been an ongoing issue,” he said. “We are moving toward a time when the ideals of the American Revolution — “we the people” — really mean all the people. We continue to progress. This commemoration recognizes where we were “Young people may not be confident they can change things. But society can be changed. 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