Renewable Energy Sources

Transcription

Renewable Energy Sources ...
... for the Urban Transport of the Future
Tomi Engel
Porto Alegre - 12.2.2008
Renewable Energy in Urban Mobility
2010 ... 2020 ... 2030 ... 2040 ... 2050 ... ??
Tomi Engel - Fachausschuss “Solare Mobilität”
Future
People
Food? Water?
World population, billions
6
5
4
3
2
1
Montag, 11. Februar 2008 13
People
0
10,000 BC
8000
6000
4000
2000
AD 1
1000
2000
file:Population_curve.svg
5
4
3
2
1
8 Billion People
=
4 Billion Cars
0
10,000 BC
8000
6000
4000
2000
AD 1
1000
2000
World population, billions
6
?
82 Million Germans
=
46 Million Cars
Energy
100 $
The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends
Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005
?
Peak ca. 2008
!
National Petroleum Council Report - July 2007
Draft Report
Facing the Hard Truths about Energy
A comprehensive view to 2030 of global oil and natural gas
NATIONAL PETROLEUM COUNCIL
July 18, 2007
This is a working document solely for the review and use of the participants in the
National Petroleum Council’s Global Oil and Gas Study, and was approved on July 18 by
the members of the National Petroleum Council subject to final editing. A final report
and accompanying CD will be published and available to the public in September.
Quelle: Internet - Juli 2007
2%
h
t
w
Gro
2%
Declin
e
The “Big Picture”
Peak in
2008 ± 3
2%
h
t
w
Gro
?
42%
%
Declin
e
At 84 Mb/d the decline of 2% means
that there will be 1,7 Mb per day less ... every year.
The “Big Picture”
Transport
Urban Transport ...
Urban Transport ... in Times of Peak Oil
Solar
Energy
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
??
Mobility
50 - 70% Verlust
durch Abwärme
Solare Struktur ... Effiziente Netzwerke
50 - 70% Verlust
durch Abwärme
Mobility
Carbon based fuels
Carbon based fuels
Really important!
Carbon based fuels
Urban Transport
... mainly has to deal with short distances
in a well defined environment!
Noise, Air Pollution, requires Space, ...
Mobility Structure
= Demand
= Politics
Fuel
= Supply
= Physics
Fuel
= Supply
= Physics
Time
Mobility Structure
= Demand
= Politics
... some intersting examples
Biofuels
Growing Biofuel ... for a Bio-Vehicle
Jatropha ... replacing Diesel
! Produces plant oil
! Grows on non arable
"wasteland"
! Water problems ...
can start with
irrigation
! Toxic ... if not
handled properly
and fiber
! Easy to handle ... it is liquid
! Easy to use ... fits with
current engines (FlexFuel)
! Many different processes
and many different CO2
balances
! Sugercane is one of the
most efficient processes
Ethanol ... replacing Gasoline
Ethanol 25 Million Hectares = 1,7 Mb/d = 2% Decline
100 Million Hectares = buy the world 4 Years (... at best)
Amazonia = 400 Million Hectares
Landuse ... Limits to Biomass Growth?
Water, Soil, Wild Life, Climate change ... ???
Landuse ... Limits to Biomass Growth!
Algae
! Like Plants they "eat" CO2
! Not depending on arable
land or even soil
! Does not require drinking
water
! Can be commercially viable
! Not proven yet (first
industrial scale sites under
construction)
! Can provide 10(+) time the
yield per area
and Nitrogen
Landuse
Efficiency
“Well-to-Wheel” per Hectare
Biogas
BtL / Ethanol
Solar Electric
10.000
40.000
30.000
500.000
46
62
46
15
4
220
Harvest
(in kWh/ha * a)
Energy demand
(in kWh/100 km)
Number of Cars
(at 15.000 km/a)
1
,5
4
,3
,3
Quelle: Eigene Berechnungen
Oily Plants
“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”
Farming
... secure
Biogas
BtL / Ethanol
Industry
... low emissions
Solar Electric
City
... effizient
Oily Plants
Long Range
Short Range
Biomass
Electricity
... must move towards Electricity
Urban
Transport
Public Transport "knows" Electricity
Public Transport "knows" Electricity
"Look Ma' ... No Wires!"
more Speed, more Fun, more Users ... less Cars
E-Bikes and Pedelecs ...
50 m2 Solarpanels produce
450 to 900 km
"mobility" per day
E-Scooters and Solar Charging Stations
2,86 m
Venturi Eclectic
2,86 m
!
3
Top Speed:!
50 km/h
Range:!
50 km
Engine:!
Solar-Electric
Markte: !
Europe
Status:!
Production
Seats:
2,65 m
Seats:
!
Top Speed:
Range:!
!
Market: !
Status:!
Engine:
!
3
200 km/h
250 km
Electric
BR, US
Prototyp
2,65 m
Obvio 828E
3,39 m
Seats:
!
Top Speed:
Range:!
!
Market: !
Status:!
Engine:
!
4
130 km/h
160 km
Electric
Japan
Test Fleet
3,39 m
Mitsubishi i-EV
Payload:
!
Top Speed:
Range:!
!
Market: !
Status:!
Engine:
!
2000 kg
80 km/h
min. 160 km
Electric
England
Production
Modec LKW
"Plug-In" Sprinter
!
1200 kg
Top Speed:!
120 km/h
Range:!
30 EV / 600 km
Engine:!
Hybrid
Market: !
USA ?
Status:!
Test Fleet
Payload:
Quelle: DaimlerChrysler
VW Space Up Blue
!
4
Top Speed:!
120 km/h
Range (EV-Mode):!
100 km
Engine:! Plug-In-Hybrid
Market: !
Status:! Designconcept
Seats:
Opel Flextreme
!
4
Top Speed:!
160 km/h
Range (EV-Mode):!
60 km
Engine:! Plug-In-Hybrid
Market: !
Status:! Designconcept
t 201
0
60.0
00
Unit
s
!
Quelle: General Motors - Opel AG
Seats:
Targ
e
Battery
E-Motor
Fuel Tank
Generator
Plug-in Hybrid
Battery
Short Range
E-Motor
Fuel Tank
Long Range
Generator
um 1906 - "Lohner-Porsche Mixte"
"Steckdosen"-Hybrid =
Plug-in Hybrid
??
Mobility
50 - 70% Verlust
durch Abwärme
Long term storage: Biomass
Think
t
r
a
m
S
Grid
!
y
t
r
g
a
e
t
a
r
Sm
t
S
e
l
c
i
h
e
V
d
i
Gr
!
Short term storage: Battery
Think
Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil
Biofuels ... only buy us some time
... but can solve all special problems
Biofuels ... only buy us some time
... but can solve all special problems
Renewable Electricity
... is the efficient long term solution
The transition needs to start Today!
www.dgs.de
Tomi Engel
tomi@objectfarm.org

Renewable Energy Sources

Transcription

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