research report 2013 - University of Namibia

RESEARCH
REPORT 2013
Compiled by:
Prof. I. Mapaure
Dr. H. M. Kapenda
Ms. P. Claassen
Ms. K. P. Mbulu
Published by the Research and Publications Office (2014)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 3
MISSION ....................................................................................................................................................................3
VISION .......................................................................................................................................................................3
MESSAGE FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR ............................................................................................................... 4
MESSAGE FROM THE PRO VICE-CHANCELLOR: ACADEMIC AFFAIRS & RESEARCH .................................................. 5
MESSAGE FROM THE UNAM RESEARCH COORDINATOR ........................................................................................ 6
SECTION A: ACTIVITIES OF FACULTIES AND CAMPUSES.......................................................................................... 8
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES ...........................................................................................8
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES.......................................................................................16
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ..............................................................................20
FACULTY OF LAW .....................................................................................................................................................24
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES: SCHOOL OF NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH ..........................................................26
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ...................................................................................................28
FACULTY OF SCIENCE ...............................................................................................................................................34
SECTION B. ACTIVITIES OF ACADEMIC CENTRES AND CAMPUSES ........................................................................ 49
CENTRE FOR EXTERNAL STUDIES .............................................................................................................................49
HIFIKEPUNYE POHAMBA CAMPUS ..........................................................................................................................51
KATIMA MULILO CAMPUS .......................................................................................................................................53
KHOMASDAL CAMPUS.............................................................................................................................................57
LANGUAGE CENTRE .................................................................................................................................................60
MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH CENTRE .................................................................................................................62
SAM NUJOMA MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES RESAERCH CENTRE .................................................................69
RUNDU CAMPUS .....................................................................................................................................................73
OSHAKATI CAMPUS .................................................................................................................................................76
ZERO EMISSION RESEARCH INITIATIVE ....................................................................................................................77
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MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS
MISSION
To provide quality higher education through teaching, research and advisory services to
our customers with the view to produce productive and competitive human resources
capable of driving public and private institutions towards a knowledge-based economy,
economic growth and improved quality of life.
VISION
To be a beacon of excellence and innovation in teaching, research and extension services.
Growing University research productivity!
3
MESSAGE FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR
Prof. Lazarus Hangula
Vice-Chancellor
The University of Namibia (UNAM) continues to take a leading role in research and publication
productivity within the country. This has been possible because of significant investment into research
activities that has been steadily growing. Despite the challenges that we continue to face, which are not
unique to our institution alone, UNAM has witnessed a significant improvement in the research culture at
our university. The evidence speaks for itself as summarized in the statement by the PVC; Academic
Affairs & Research. There has also been a general increase in research productivity over the past few
years, including an increase in research papers published in highly-regarded and accredited journals.
Perusal through this Report will bear witness to this. While the number of scholarly publications has
more-than-doubled in the last four years, it is very encouraging to also note that per capita productivity of
scholarly research outputs has also significantly increased from 0.2 to 0.8 over the same period.
The annual UNAM Research Day event was celebrated in September with aplomb under the theme
Inspiring development through research – a theme meant to celebrate the role of research and innovation
in sustainable development. It was a week of celebrations as UNAM hosted a second event the same week
to showcase products of innovative research to the nation. That event was graced by His Excellency, Dr
Sam Nujoma, the Founding President of the Republic of Namibia and several Government Ministers,
Members of Parliament and Captains of Industry. It was a very successful unprecedented event at
UNAM.
The University has been developing and revising research-related policies to improve the conduct,
coordination and management of research at our institution. New Research Policy, Research Ethics Policy
and a Scholarly Communications Policy were approved by Senate for full implementation in August
2013. These Policies replace the old Research Strategy of 2005. This will ensure that our practices and
processes remain current and relevant.
Finally, let me take this opportunity to thank our Government of the Republic of Namibia for the
immense support they have rendered UNAM. I thank all our stakeholders, students, sponsors, our staff
members who have made us proud. I sincerely acknowledge the immense support from the Private Sector,
Civic society, the NCRST, NCHE, Embassies and High Commissions of various countries to Namibia,
national and international donors of research funds who have enabled us to grow from strength to
strength.
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MESSAGE FROM THE PRO VICE-CHANCELLOR: ACADEMIC
AFFAIRS & RESEARCH
Prof. Osmund D. Mwandemele
Pro Vice-Chancellor: Academic Affairs & Research
Research performance and productivity at the University of Namibia (UNAM) continues to take long
strides due to the hard work and dedication of our academic staff. A variety of research activities have
been conducted in the various UNAM Faculties and Centres across the country. There is a tremendous
increase of 59% in the overall publications output since 2010 to date. Of all the publications (440)
produced during the year under review, 55% are peer-reviewed journal articles, 9 % are books and book
chapters while 36 % are conference papers. This is a commendable output and achievement by our
academics and their post-graduate students. This has been possible because the University continues to
create a conducive environment for research, despite some minor challenges we face here and there. I am
pleased to announce that most of our academics have secured external funding from the National
Commission on Research, Science and Technology (NCRST) to carry out more research apart from the
limited internal funds given by the university.
I would like to urge all academic staff members to engage in collaborative research locally and
internationally so as to increase our research output and to promote internationalization with other
institutions of higher learning. It is only through creation and disseminating of knowledge that we can
realize our goal of transforming our nation into a knowledge-based society. I would like, therefore, to
encourage staff members to form Research Groups around identified thematic areas in order to carry out
focused research and complement our government’s efforts in dealing with national challenges facing the
nations these days namely HIV and AIDS; hunger, poverty and Ebola. The Research & Publications
Office (RPO), a Unit directly under my Office, has done a tremendous job in cultivating a culture of
research among our staff. During 2013, staff members from the RPO conducted sensitization workshops
at UNAM satellite Campuses as a way of induction and emphasizing the importance of research at the
University. I would like to encourage the RPO staff to continue with capacity-building workshops for all
staff members in order to enhance research capacity at our institution. The Research & Publications
Committee (RPC) has continued to evaluate proposals and allocate research funds to deserving academics
to conduct research. However, the University continues to be constrained by the limited amounts it can
allocate for research projects. I would, therefore like to encourage staff members to vigorously apply for
external research funds. This will go a long way in complementing the University’s efforts in promoting
research.
Lastly, I would like to congratulate all our researchers for their achievements in 2013. We are very
grateful to all our sponsors, collaborators and partners who contributed to the good research results
produced by the University. I would like to wish all our staff members a very productive 2014.
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MESSAGE FROM THE UNAM RESEARCH COORDINATOR
Prof. Isaac Mapaure
UNAM Research Coordinator
The Research and Publications Office (RPO), under the leadership of Prof. Isaac Mapaure,
continued to carry out its mandate, which is to coordinate and manage all research activities of
the University of Namibia. During the year under review, the continued RPO activities are
reflected below.
The RPO conducted regional workshops on ‘Writing Proposals and Writing for Publications at
the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology (Ongwediva); Sam Nujoma Campus
(Henties Bay); and Ogongo Campus (Ogongo). These workshops form part of an annual series of
workshops that are aimed at enhancing the University’s research culture and increasing our
publications output.
Upon request by the Director, the RPO also assisted Rundu Campus to successfully develop their
Research Agenda. This request followed after the RPO conducted a similar workshop at the
Hifikepunye Pohamba Campus in 2012. Another successful workshop included a collaborative
effort of the RPO with the Southern African Research & Innovation Management Association
(SARIMA), when a two day workshop was held on “Writing successful research proposals for
donor funding” at Fürstenhof Hotel in Windhoek. All workshops were well received by the
various participants, and were hailed as very relevant, timely, and useful.
As part of continuous skills improvement, various external capacity workshops were attended by
staff members of the RPO. These were: a Research Ethics Workshop in Hackle Brook South
Africa; Fundraising and Branding Workshop in Cape Town’s Bantry Bay; Promoting
Responsible Research Conduct Bantry Bay in Cape Town. These workshops were attended by
Prof. Mapaure. Other external workshops included: Research Mentorship and Capacity Building
Initiatives, held in Cape Town, South Africa; Research Uptake Workshop, and were attended by
Dr. Kapenda.
One of the highlight annual events of the RPO was the UNAM Research Day, jointly held with
the Multidisciplinary Research Centre (MRC), whereby our University show cased its various
research activities in the form of academic papers, posters and research presentations to the
academic fraternity and public stakeholders. This event was celebrated at all Regional Campuses
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country wide. A major milestone achieved during the year under review, was the final approval
of the UNAM Research Policy, and the UNAM Research Ethics Policy by Senate.
The RPO is now in the process to develop guidelines to complement these policies, with the
collaboration of the various Research Representatives and their Faculty Deans and Directors.
The RPO also completed a Draft Intellectual Property Policy that is currently under review and
open to discussion and recommendations from Faculties.
Participants engaging in group work during the Writing Research Proposals & Writing for
Publications Workshop at Ogongo Campus
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SECTION A: ACTIVITIES OF FACULTIES AND CAMPUSES
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEAN’S STATEMENT
Agricultural Research is an unavoidable activity aimed at achieving high academic performance
and promotion of both economic and social developments. This amongst others’ includes
addressing challenges of food insecurity, malnutrition and low agricultural income generation
faced by humanity.
Agricultural activities are mostly subjected to environmental conditions and changes whose
result influences productivity and human existence. Therefore agricultural research acts as an
important supportive instrument that contributes to the generation of new techniques and
technologies capable of minimizing negative impacts. Agricultural research should not be only
focused on addressing the increasing peoples’ need of food production, nutrition and better
livelihoods but should rather consider protecting the environment and creating rural jobs and find
out optimal agricultural practices that respond to market demands. Research when accurately
developed can provide exact response to any challenges with particular focus on restoring soil
fertility, pasture productivity, fight against erosion, and ensuring that a national is able to feed
itself.
The agricultural sector has unlimited expectations over research activities, for instance, soil
quality (the key for successful practice of agriculture, influencing water level and quality and air
quality. Research can ensure adequate response to the needs humanity is currently faced with.
The mandate of this Faculty goes beyond teaching and research. It also includes the management
of active farming operations, maintenance of infrastructure and community work. The Faculty is
engaged in outreach services to communal and commercial farming communities.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
This report highlights research activities and outputs of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural
Resources (FANR) for the year 2013. Consequence to the strategic realignment of the satellite
UNAM campuses in the ambit of the FANR, Ogongo Campus has become the focal area of
agronomic (Crop Science), Agricultural Economics and Integrated Environmental Science. This
has greatly influenced its strategic research direction and focal areas. Nonetheless the Campus
maintains a vibrant section of Animal Science Department which is mainly housed at Neudamm
Campus.
Achievements of the year
Research-related achievements within the FANR at Neudamm Campus are as follows:
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 Sending out calls for research proposals for evaluation in the FANR for funding from
UNAM RPC
 Reviewing research proposals submitted to the FANR prior to onward submission to the
UNAM RPC
 Academic staff members advised on procedures for applying for research funds from
both internal and external sources
 One proposal was submitted and approved for funding by the UNAM RPC
 A number of Research proposal were submitted for funding through the NRF/NCRST,
and were approved
 Oral Presentation at the First Science conference
 Poster submission at the UNAM 2013 Research Day
 Ongoing RUFORUM funded research at Neudamm. Worth to note that the Chair of the
Neudamm RPC participated in the 2013 RUFORUM AGM in Rwanda
 UNAM submitted its bid to host the 2015 RUFORUM AGM, which was approved
Significant Events, Achievements and Milestones
The successful hosting of the Rice Information Field Day which has become an annual national
event at Ogongo for the third time has been ranked among the most significant research related
events at Ogongo Campus during the year under review. This event attracted farmers, regional
councillors, extension officers, teachers and pupils from the surrounding constituencies of
Omusati Region and beyond. The attendees were exposed to all research and production
activities taking place at Ogongo and most importantly rice growing techniques.
As part of part of the Rice-Mahangu project, six (6) academic staff members and a technician
from Ogongo Campus visited Japan for two month training in various agronomic, hydrological,
meteorological, socio-economic and extension aspects. This training in Japan culminated in the
attendance by the staff members of the SATREPS Rice-Mahangu Project International
Symposium on the Agricultural Use of Seasonal Wetlands Formed in a Semiarid Region of
Africa on 13 July 2013. Five of the six Ogongo academic staff members presented papers at the
symposium that appear in the list of conference papers.
Meanwhile, rice seed multiplication, production and physiological research continued on a three
hectare piece of at Ogongo Campus. Additionally the crop science sub-team of the RiceMahangu project harvested the first rice grown on the 1.28 hectare model experimental sloped
field within the 3 hectare area where integrated cropping of rice, pearl millet, sorghum, maize
and cowpea is being tested under flood, intermittent flooding and drying as well as dryland
(rainfed) conditions. A study aimed at selecting the most suitable well adapted rice cultivar
variety for Namibian conditions has been continued by the crop science sub-team during 2013
and results are currently being analysed. In addition, fertiliser trail plots using organic manure
collected from surrounding farmers’ kraals was initiated in 2013 to test the optimal fertiliser
application levels using manure.
The hydrology sub-team of the Rice-Mahangu Project installed an additional automated tipping
bucket rain gauge at Afoti Village bringing the total number of rain gauges in the Cuvelai
drainage basin to thirty (30). A seventh Bowen Ratio station was installed in an artificial shallow
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muddy pan (ondombe) next to the experimental sloped field during 2013. Meanwhile rainfall and
meteorological data continued to be collected from the previously installed rain gauges Bowen
Ratio stations. Additionally, the hydrology sub-team of the Rice Mahangu Project installed
twenty (20) water levels sensors in eendombe and iishana at three (3) villages of Afoti,
Onamundindi and Oshiteyatemo to simultaneously monitor surface and groundwater levels in the
study area. A total of nine (9) time-lapse cameras were installed in the three aforementioned
villages and an additional two at Ogongo Campus in the experimental sloped field. The cameras
captured frequent imagery of the expansion and shrinkage of the surface water in depressions
such as iishana and eendombe on an hourly basis as well as the seasonal changes in vegetation
phenology and plant growth thereby providing valuable physiological and ecological data with
the progression of seasonal changes. Digitization of the land surfaces with a specific focus on the
distribution of eendombes within the Cuvelai drainage basin commenced in 2013 and is ongoing. Before the onset of the 2013 and 2014 rainy season, two rainwater collecting furnaces
were installed at Ogongo to collect rainwater samples for the isotopic analyses of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in order to estimate the age of rainwater for comparison to
groundwater isotopic tracers as to determine the rate of local recharge.
Newly installed Bowen Ratio Station in an inundated artificial ondombe next to the experimental
sloped field
Establishment of RUFORUM National Chapter in Namibia
The FANR successfully motivated the establishment of a RUFORUM National chapter in
Namibia. In December 2013, RUFORUM Secretariat approved the request by the University of
Namibia, to establish the RUFORUM National Chapter in Namibia. The RUFORUM chapters
were established at country level according to the specificity of each country. Each chapter is
composed of representatives of participating universities and other actors such as policy makers,
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national farmer organizations, national agricultural research and extension systems, and members
of the Technical Committee of that country. It is chaired by a distinguished person outside the
university system and has a secretariat based in a member university. Each National Forum
meets at least twice a year and has the following functions:
 Championing and coordinating activities of stakeholders
 Assessing the demand for university R&D, prioritizing research, planning and monitoring
of activities
 Analyzing interventions, learning lessons and fostering adaptation of the research and
training efforts
 Mobilizing resources and advocacy
 Documenting and publicizing the activities of RUFORUM both at national and
international levels.
Bid to host the RUFORUM 2015 AGM
The Vice Chancellor of the University of Namibia submitted a bid letter for UNAM to host the
RUFORUM 2015 AGM, which was successful.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Journal articles
 Thomas, T. (2013). Sustainable harvesting and trading of mopane worms (Imbrasia
belina) in northern Namibia: an experience from the Uukwaluudhi area. International
Journal of Environmental Studies 70(4): 494-502.
 Enkono, S.G., Kalundu, S.K. & Thomas, B. (2013). Analysis of factors influencing cattle
off-take rate and marketing in Ndiyona constituency of Kavango region, Namibia.
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 5(9): 201-206.
 Thomas, T. (2013). A transaction cost analysis for high value crops in the Etunda
irrigation project of semi-arid Namibia. Sky Journal of Agricultural Research 2(5):56-63.
 Thomas, B. & Mpofu, I.D.T. (2013). Competitive environment of the staple food
distribution system in Namibia: an assessment of the pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
industry. Agricultural Science Research Journals 3(4): 121-129.
Conference papers and proceedings
 Thomas, B., Nishikawa, Y., Hangula, M., Kaida, K., & Fujioka, Y. (2013). Rural crop
farmers’ livelihood diversification and coping strategies in changing environment of
North Central Namibia. SATRIPS International Conference Symposium, 13 July 2013
Nagoya University, Japan “ Agricultural use of seasonal wetland formed in semiarid
region of Africa”
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DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Journal articles
 Turner, W. C., Imologhome, P., Havarua, Z., Kaaya, G.P., Mfune, J. K. E.,
Mpofu, I. D. T. & Getz, W.M. (2013). Soil ingestion, nutrition and the seasonality of
anthrax in herbivores of Etosha National Park. Ecosphere 4: art13.
Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00245.1
 Mpofu, I.D.T., Schneider, M.B., Lubbe, A & Beukes, E. (2013). Potential of adding
value to livestock products by University farms in Sub Saharan Africa. A case study
of Neudamm Campus Farm of the University of Namibia. Agricultural Science
Research Journal, 3(3): 79-84. Available online: http://resjournals.com/ARJ/ARJ.
 Hafeni, S., Mpofu, I.D.T. & Petrus, P. (2013). The potential of pearl millet and water
melon seeds as cheap alternative ingredients in Namibian poultry feeds. Agricultural
Science
Research
Journal
3(5):
140143.
Available
online:
http://www.resjournals.com/ARJ.
Books and Monographs
 Mbango, O., Mapaure, I. & Mpofu, I. (2013). Impact of Livestock on Vegetation and Soil
Nutrients: Around Water Points in Highland Savanna Rangelands, Namibia. Paperback
and Kindle editions. Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN: 978-3-659-35752-7.
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
Journal articles
 Nashima F.P., Hipondoka M, Iiyambo I, Hambia J. (2013). The potential of rainwater
harvesting:
A case of the City of Windhoek, Namibia. Journal of Water Resources
and
Ocean
Science.
2(6):
170-174.
Available
at:
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/wros
 Nashima, F.P. and Chilamba, V.J. (2013). Biomass distribution of kingklip (Genypterus
capensis) species in the Benguela Ecosystem of Namibia. Journal of Research in
Ecology. 2(1): 067-074. Available at: http://ecologyresearch.info/documents/EC0013.pdf
 Nashima, F.P. (2013). Structure and composition of intertidal communities at exposed
and sheltered habitat, Central Namibian coast. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity
Research. Vol 2, Issues 3, 67-72.
Available at: http://www.onlineresearchjournals.org/JABR
 Kirkman, S.P., Yemane, D., Kathena, J., Mafwila, S.K., Nsiangango, S.E., Samaai, T.,
Axelsen, B. & Singh, L. (2013). Identifying and characterizing demersal fish biodiversity
hotspots in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem: relevance in the light of
global changes. ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fst040.
DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Journal articles
 Hiwilepo-van Hal, P., Bille, P.G., Verkerk. R. and Dekker, M. (2013). Effect of
Temperature and Time on the Quality of Natural Fermented Marula (Sclerocarya birrea
12

subsp. caffra) Juice. Journal of Food Science and Technology: 53, 70-75. Available
online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643813000777
Bille, P.G., Shikongo, M. N. & Cheikyoussef, A. (2013). Value Addition and Processed
Products of Three Indigenous Fruits in Namibia. African Journal of Food, Agriculture,
Nutrition and Development: 13(1), 7192-7212.
Conference papers and proceedings
 Heita, L., Cheikhyoussef, A; Shigwedha, N. & Shikongo-Nambabi, M. (2013).
Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Traditional Fermented Milk from
North central and North-eastern Namibia. International conference on Environmental,
Industrial and Applied Microbiology. Madrid, Spain 2-4th October 2013
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Journal articles
 Mausse, F., Bezugly, N. (2013). Analytical evaluation of eight-cell cow embryos
structure, outwards water and inwards cryo-protectants to ensure successful
cryopreservation.
Int.
Sci.
Technol.
J.
Namibia
(2)1
Available:
URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n2p142
 Kabera J., Ugirinshuti V., Ntahonshikira C., Nteziryayo, E. & Niyondora, M. (2013).
Effectiveness of leaf essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum urticifolium in
controlling Phytophthora infestans Mont. damaging Irish potato in Ruhengeri (Rwanda).
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (12). Available
online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org
Conference papers and proceedings
 Lyaku, J.R., Bishi, A. S. & Marais, C. (2013). The Occurrence and Control of Rabies at
the Human-Animal interface in Namibia. Poster Presentation in August 14-17, 2013,
Brazil. Second International Congress on Pathogens at the Human-Animal Interface
(ICOPHAI): One Health for Sustainable Development.
 Lyaku, J. R. Rabies in Namibia (2013). Poster presentation in October 16-17th October,
2013. Veterinary Association of Namibia Congress in Windhoek, Namibia.
 Mausse F., Lyaku J. R., Beukes E. & Mbango O. (2013). Livestock Production in
Namibia. SATREPS International Symposium: Agricultural Use of Seasonal Wetland
Formed in Semiarid Region of Africa. Available at http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/globalinfo/access-map/access/
Posters presented at the UNAM Research Day and other Presentations
 Mpofu, I.D.T. (2013). Research Partnerships in Agriculture, Environment and Natural
Resources for Wealth Creation. Keynote presentation at the Research and Intellectual
Expo (RIE); 3-5 October, 2013 in Harare, Zimbabwe.
 Hafeni S., Mpofu I.D.T. and Petrus N. P. (2013) Growth and carcass performance of
broiler chickens fed pearl millet based diets. Funded by Namibia (Ministry of Education)
– South Africa (NRF) Joint research partnership. Poster presented at University of
Namibia Research day, Main Campus, Windhoek, Namibia. 15th October 2013.
13

Hafeni S., Mpofu I.D.T. and Petrus N. P. (2013) Effects of Acacia karroo leaf meal on
Cobb 500 Broiler chickens. Funded by Namibia (Ministry of Education) – South Africa
(NRF) Joint research partnership. Poster presented at University of Namibia Research
day, Main Campus, Windhoek, Namibia. 15th October 2013.
OGONGO AGRICULTURAL CAMPUS
Journal Articles
 Asfaw, A., Sime M. & Itanna F. (2013). Determining the Extent of Contamination of
Vegetables Affected by Tannery Effluent in Ejersa Area of East Shoa, Ethiopia.
International Journal of Scientific and Research 3: 1-7. http://www.ijsrp.org/researchpaper-0513/ijsrp-p1779.pdf
 Enkono S.G., Kalundu S.K. & Thomas B. (2013). Analysis of Factors Influencing Cattle
Off-Take Rate and Marketing in Ndiyona Constituency of Kavango Region, Namibia.
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 5(9): 201-206.
http://academicjournals.org/article/article1379755991_Enkono%20et%20al.pdf
 Kambatuku J.R., Cramer M.C. & Ward D. (2013) Grass Competition Induces N2
Fixation in Savanna Trees. Plant and Soil. 365: 307-320 doi: 10.1007/s11104-012-1389y
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/717/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11104-0121389-y.pdf?auth66=1401353247_3f400b2d246e3a7174dda6c67bd9e631&ext=.pdf
 Kambatuku J.R., Cramer M.C. & Ward D. (2013) Overlap in Soil Water Sources of
Savanna Woody Seedlings and Grasses. Ecohydrology 6: 464-473
doi:
10.1002/eco.1273. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eco.1273/pdf
 Nashima, FP., Hipondoka, M., Iiyambo, I. & Hambia, J., (2013). The Potential of
Rainwater Harvesting: A Case of the City of Windhoek, Namibia. Journal of Water
Resources and Ocean Sciences 2(6): 170-174.
http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20130206.13.pdf
 Thomas, B. (2013). Sustainable Harvesting and Trading of Mopane Worms (Imbrasia
Belina) in Northern Namibia: An Experience from the Uukwaluudhi Area. International
Journal of Environmental Studies 70 (4): 494-502. doi:10.1080/00207233.2013.829324.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00207233.2013.829324
 Thomas, B. (2013). A Transaction Cost Analysis for High Value Crops in the Etunda
Irrigation Project of Semi-Arid Namibia. Sky Journal of Agricultural Research 2(5):5663. http://www.skyjournals.org/sjar/pdf/2013pdf/June/Thomas%20pdf.pdf
 Thomas B. & Mpofu I.D.T. (2013). Competitive environment of the staple food
distribution system in Namibia: an assessment of the pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
industry.
Agricultural
Science
Research
Journals
3(4):
121-129.
http://resjournals.com/ARJ/Pdf/2013/Apr/Thomas%20-and-Mpofu.pdf
 Tsigereda K. T., Mesfine M. A., Dawit M.D. & Itanna F., (2013). Effectiveness of
Advanced vs Conventional Wet Coffee Processing Technologies in Effluent Wastewater
Quality. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 4(8): 1236-1243.
http://www.ijser.org/onlineResearchPaperViewer.aspx?Effectiveness-of-Advanced-VsConventional-Wet-Coffee-Processing-Technologies-in-Effluent-Wastewater-Quality.pdf
14
Conference Papers/Proceedings
 Awala, S., Izumi, Y., Fujioka, Y., Yamane, K., Mwandemele, O. & Iijima, M. (2013).
Growth of mix-cropped pearl millet, sorghum and rice under imposed flooding stress of a
model sloped field in north-central Namibia. Japan Journal of Crop Science 82 (Extra
Issue 2): 246-247.
 Gwanama C., Ausiku P., & Mwandemele O. D., (2013). Selecting Cultivars for RiceSorghum-Millet Mixed Cropping Systems to Mitigate Alternate Flooding and Drought in
Namibia Agricultural Use of Seasonal Wetland Formed in Semiarid Region of Africa. In
Fujioka, Y., Watanabe. Y.,Yamane. K., Hiyama. T, Nishikawa. Y. & Iijima. M. (eds),
Proceedings Of SATREPS Rice-Mahangu Project, International Symposium on
Agricultural Use of Seasonal Wetland Formed in Semiarid Region of Africa, 13 July
2013. Nagoya University, JAPAN, 30-36.
 Iijima M., Awala S.K. & Mwandemele O.D. (2013). Introduction of Subsistence Rice
Cropping System Harmonized with the Water Environment and Human Activities in
Seasonal Wetlands in Northern Namibia. In Fujioka, Y., Watanabe. Y.,Yamane. K.,
Hiyama. T, Nishikawa. Y. & Iijima. M. (eds), Proceedings Of SATREPS Rice-Mahangu
Project, International Symposium on Agricultural Use of Seasonal Wetland Formed in
Semiarid Region of Africa, 13 July 2013. Nagoya University, JAPAN, 4-12.
 Kambatuku J.R., Hiyama T., Hanamura M., Suzuki T., Fujioka Y., Ohta T. & Iijima M.
(2013). Regional Precipitation Patterns and their Implications for Drought Adapted
Cropping Systems in the Cuvelai Drainage Basin, North-Central Namibia. In Fujioka, Y.,
Watanabe. Y.,Yamane. K., Hiyama. T, Nishikawa. Y. & Iijima. M. (eds), Proceedings
of SATREPS Rice-Mahangu project, International Symposium on Agricultural Use of
Seasonal Wetland Formed in Semiarid Region of Africa, 13 July 2013, Nagoya
University, JAPAN, 47-54.
 Munialo S., Akundabweni, L. S. M., Mburu J. & Namutebi, A., (2013). Evaluation of the
economic net benefits of the various fields found on a smallholder farming system in
Vihiga-Kenya. Invited paper presented at the 4th International Conference of the African
Association of Agricultural Economists, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, TUNISIA
 Njunge J. T., (2013). Natural vegetation and potential agroforestry use of the seasonal
wetlands in North, Central Namibia. In Fujioka, Y., Watanabe. Y.,Yamane. K., Hiyama.
T, Nishikawa. Y. &Iijima. M. (eds), Agricultural use of seasonal wetlands formed in
semi-arid region of Africa. Proceedings of SATREPS Rice-Mahangu project
International Symposium, 13 July 2013, Nagoya University, JAPAN, 21-29.
 Thomas, B., Nishikawa Y., Hangula M., Kaida K. & Fujioka Y., (2013). Rural crop
farmers’ livelihood diversification and coping strategies in changing environment of
North Central Namibia. In Fujioka, Y., Watanabe. Y.,Yamane. K., Hiyama. T,
Nishikawa. Y. & Iijima. M. (eds), Proceedings of SATREPS Rice-Mahangu project,
International Symposium on Agricultural Use of Seasonal Wetland Formed in Semiarid
Region of Africa, 13 July 2013, Nagoya University, JAPAN, 37-46.
15
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
DEAN’S STATEMENT
Research not only plays an important role in the development of knowledge but also informs us
on how to enhance our lecturing and supports continuous professional development. It is
therefore, imperative that the Faculty develop a long term research agenda that will address
issues facing the Namibian society including business and industry. It is worth noting that the
research and knowledge generating role of a University, is inert to the extent to which the
University, in delivering on its mandate of teaching and learning to its immediate and wider
environment, is able to enhance its visibility, relevance and continuing service. Realizing these,
the three cardinal principles invoked to guide research and publications in the Faculty of
Economic and Management Sciences (FEMS) are:
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We strive to ensure that the FEMS’s-supported research serves the priorities of the
country, the Southern African region, and the much wider international environment. An
overarching new priority for the FEMS will be to position itself as a key and recognizable
Knowledge Bank in Africa.
We lay emphasis on the need for practical solutions which ensure that research outputs
are relevant to the immediate environment of the University.
We ensure that issues which arise from real world constraints and opportunities in the
immediate and wider environment are examined critically, such that Namibia and
Southern Africa in particular, can look up to us for knowledge and research output
enabling them to harness these opportunities and address the challenges.
Promoting research in the FEMS, which has predominantly been a teaching faculty, with some
consultancy work done over the years, together with involvement in social upliftment programs,
is a mammoth task and will need full support from UNAM top management including
appointment of senior academic staff, research funding and time off from teaching assignment so
that start up researchers can be motivated to engage in relevant research activities. In order to
instill research acumen among FEMS staff, motivate them to conduct research and disseminate
research results; various interventions such as organizing research methodology workshops,
conferences etc. are planned. It is also envisaged to launch a faculty journal in collaboration with
other Universities in the region and beyond.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
The overall idea is to be able to generate knowledge through research and provide leadership on
development and Economic/Business/Governance and related Management issues in Namibia,
Africa and the wider community. Many challenges face Namibia in the struggle to overcome
underdevelopment and become a prosperous industrialized knowledge based society. To
overcome underdevelopment, Namibia must not only address past historical development
imbalances, but also look towards the creation and fostering of a new society which is
competitive globally. There is therefore a research opportunity to address these socio-economic,
cultural and political challenges of a rapidly evolving society in a globalized world. In order to
16
carry out research which is relevant to the national development, FEMS has identified the
following research themes:
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Entrepreneurship, employment creation and poverty alleviation
People empowerment
Corporate governance and ethics
Financial management and financial sector management
Policy transmission
Bilateral and multilateral trade issues and foreign direct investment
Local governance and decentralisation
Financial reporting and accountability
Small and Medium Enterprises Capacity building
Productivity and global competiveness
Promotion of good governance and service delivery.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS:
Journal Articles:
 Blaauw, L. (2013). Reinforcing Authoritarian Rule: Electoral Politics in Angola. Journal
of African Elections. (accepted for publication, July 2013).
 Kaakunga, E. & Matongela, A. (2013). Inflation and Stock Market Development in
Namibia: Evidence from Cointegration and Error Correction Modelling, Journal for
Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2).
 Moyo, B. & Ziramba, E. (2013). The impact of crime on inbound tourism to South
Africa: An application of the Bounds Test. African Security Review 22(1): 4-18.
 Nyambe, J. M. & Belete, A. (2013). Assessment of factors to receiving food aid in the
Caprivi region of Namibia: A factor analysis approach. African Journal of Agricultural
Research, 7(31): 4401-4407.
 Nyambe, J. M. & Belete, A. (2013). Determinants of farmers’ decisions to cultivate crops
in the Caprivi region of Namibia: A logistics regression analysis. African Journal of
Agricultural Research 7(44): 5873-5878.
 Nyambe, J. M. & Belete, A. (2013). Assessing climate risk to improve incomes of rural
farming households in the Caprivi region, Namibia. Global journal of Science Frontier
Research, (D), 13(1).
 Paliwal, U. L. (2013). Diversification in a small market: some evidences from Namibia.
International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 5 No. 5 May 2013.
 Van Rooyen, P.H. (2013). Namibia, African Art and the International Market. Journal of
the Namibia Scientific Society 61: 89-103.
 Ziramba, E. (2013) “Hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth nexus: time
series experience of three African countries”, European Scientific Journal 9(1): 85-96.
 Ziramba, E. and B. Moyo (2013). Aggregate Outbound Tourism Demand in South
Africa: an Econometric analysis. Journal of Economics and Behavioural Studies 5(5:
260-267.
17
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Ziramba, E and M. Bhuku (2013). An empirical analysis of aggregate import demand and
expenditure components in Namibia. International Journal of Economics and Research
4(4): 39-50.
Books and Monographs
 du Pisani, A., Boesl, A. & Zaire, D. U. (eds.) (2013). Namibia's Foreign Relations
Historic Contexts, Current Dimensions, and Perspectives for the 21st Century,
MacMillan Education, Windhoek.
 du Pisani, A. (2013). The politics and resource endowment of party dominance in
Namibia: The past as the present and the future?, pp. 132-148, in De Jager, Nicola &
Pierre du Toit (eds.) Friend or Foe? Dominant party systems in southern Africa: Insights
from the Developing World. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
 du Pisani, A. (2013). Crafting Policy for the Namibian Security System. In Van
Nieuwkerk, A. & Hoffman, A. (eds.) Broadening Security in Southern Africa: Challenges
and Opportunities. Johannesburg: Centre for Defence and Security Management,
University of the Witwatersrand/Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung, Mozambique Office, 2013.
 Blaauw, L. (2013). Beyond Economic Diplomacy: The Interface of Namibia’s Foreign
Relations” in A. Bösl, A du Pisani and D. Zaire (Eds.). Namibia’s Foreign Relations:
Historic Context, Current Dimensions, and Perspectives for the 21st Century. Windhoek:
Macmillan Education Namibia.
 Paliwal, U. L.; Sharma, K.R. & Nakweenda T. L. (2013). Positioning Namibia as an
Exporter of Higher Education in SADC region. A project sponsored by WTO (through
WTO Chair at University of Namibia), 2013.
Chapters in Books
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Blaauw, L. (2013). Democracy and Participation. In J. Nakuta (ed.). Baseline Study Report on
Human Rights in Namibia. Windhoek: Printech.
Paliwal, U.L. (2013.) Management Accounting 2B study material for Centre of External
Studies, University of Namibia.
Conference Papers / Proceedings
 April W.I. (2013). Entrepreneurship Amongst Herero people. Global Conference on
Business and Finance Proceedings. Volume 8, No.2, 2013.
 Beukes, E D. (2013). Auditor regulation vs self-regulation in Namibia. Paper presented at
05th International Conference on Accounting and Finance organized by the University of
Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia 5th – 6th November, 2013
 Dangarembizi, F. (2013). SADC Tracer on Progress on the Implementation of Mining
Protocol: The Case of Namibia. A paper presented at 05th International Conference on
Management and Entrepreneurship organized by the University of Nairobi, Nairobi,
Kenya: 30th of July – 1st of August, 2013; jointly sponsored by The University of
Pretoria.
 Dangarembizi, F. (2013). Namibia Country Study on Education for Children with Special
Needs in Southern Africa: A paper presented at 09th SACHES Regional Conference
organized by UNAM, Katima Mulilo Campus; Jointly sponsored by The University of
the Western Cape.
18
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Dangarembizi, F. (2013). Challenges faced by SMEs in North: The Case of Namibia. A
paper presented at the 02nd Management and Leadership Conference for Southern Africa
organized by the University of Namibia, Department of Management Sciences,
Windhoek, Namibia: 13th - 15th of August, 2013.
Kaakunga, E. & Kalumbu, S. (2013). Infrastructure and Economic Development in
Namibia, Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance,
Windhoek, Namibia. 5th – 6th November, 2013
Paliwal, U. L. (2013). Financial literacy and financial inclusion in Namibia: A regulatory
and supervisory perspective. A paper presented at 66th All India Commerce Conference
organized by Bangalore University, December 5 – 7, 2013, Bangalore, India
Paliwal, U. L. & Gamses, C. (2013). Corporate Governance Disclosure Practices: An
exploratory case study of selected Namibian companies. A paper presented at 5th
International Conference on Accounting and Finance, Windhoek, Namibia 5th – 6th
November, 2013
Group photo of some of the members of the Research & Publications Committee (RPC) during a
Research Ethics Workshop
19
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
THE DEAN’S REPORT
During 2013 the academic staff members of the Faculty of Engineering and Information
Technology managed to conduct research and produce journal publications despite their very
high teaching load caused by lack of sufficient permanent lecturers at the Faculty. This is highly
commended and the academic staff members are encouraged to keep up the good work.
Conference attendance was very much limited because of insufficient funding for traveling and
subsistence. The Faculty requests the University to make available more funding to enable those
who have papers to present at conferences to attend in person.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
The faculty is engaged in value-adding interdisciplinary research investigations which are
community-based and focused on solving basic local engineering problems as well as critical
environmental problems and to develop cost effective solutions to energy supplies from rural
schools and communities in Namibia. There are current and future projects being investigated for
implementation namely:
 Ongwediva Waste Management System/Bio-gas Production for Community
Schools
 Sustainable Power and Energy System (SPES)
 BENGUELA Community – UNAM Wind-Power Project in Luderitz
 Modelling, Analysis and Design of Communication links and Networks.
 Electromagnetic Compatibility of Telecommunication Networks
 Electromagnetic pollution and Safety
 Production of bio-plastics from Namibia raw materials
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal Papers
 Naidoo M, Johnson O.T, Sigalas I, Herrmann M (2013). Preparation of Ti-Ta-(C,
N) by Mechanical Alloying Ti(C, N) and TaC. International Journal of Refractory
Metals and Hard Materials, 37, 67–72.
 Johnson O.T., Awopetu, O. O. & Dahunsi, O. A. (2013). Enhancement of
Microstructural and Hardness Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium (Ti0.5Zn) by Thermomechanical Processing. Advanced Materials Research, 824, 275282.
 Afolabi, A.S., Johnson, O.T., Abdulkareem, A.S. & Oluwaseyi, B.S. (2013)
Investigation of the Treatment of Wastewater Using Activated Sludge Process,
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 260, 969-976.
20
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Obadele, B. A., Olubambi, P.A. &, Johnson, O.T. (2013). Effects of TiC additions
on the properties of laser particle deposited WC-Co-Cr and WC-Ni coatings,
Transaction of Non Ferrous Metals Society of China, 23, 3634−364.
Akande, J.M. & Jimoh, B.O. (2013). Quarrying of Sand and Proposed Reclamation
Method in Akure, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IJET). 3(7), 746 - 757.
Akande, J.M. & Lawal, A.I. (2013). Optimization of Blasting Parameters using
Regression Models in Ratcon and NSCE Granite Quarries, Ibadan, Oyo State
Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research (Geomaterial) USA, Published Online
(http://www.scirp.org/journal/gm), 28 - 37.
Ijaola, O.O., Ogedengbe, K. & Sangodoyin, A.Y. (2013). On the Efficacy of
Activated Carbon from Bamboo in the Adsorption of Water Contaminants.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions 2(4), 1-6.
Akande J.M., Ajaka, E.O., Omosogbe, F.M. & Lawal, A.I. (2013). Environmental
Effects of Processing Marine Clay in Olotu, Ondo State, Nigeria. Civil and
Environmental Research, 3, 82 – 86.
Akande, J.M. & Agbalajobi, S.A. (2013). Analysis of Some Physical and Chemical
Properties of Oreke Dolomite Deposit. Journal of Minerals and Materials
Characterization and Engineering, 1, 33 - 38.
Akande, J.M. & Onifade, M. (2013). Modelling of Okaba Underground Coal Mine
Ventilation System. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET),
3(7), 766 - 772.
Mwero, J.N., Aboudha, S.O., Rading, G.O., Mumenya, S.W. & Kavishe, F.P.L.
(2013), The Effect of Partial Replacement of Portland Cement with Sugarcane
Waste Fibre Ash (SWFA) on Mechanical Properties of Concrete. ICASTOR
Journal of Engineering 6(2.)
Akande, J.M., Onifade, M. & Aladejare, E.A. (2013). Determination of Airflow
Distributions in Okaba Underground Coal Mine. Journal of Mining World Express
2(2), 40 – 44.
Akande, J.M. & Aladejare, E. A. (2013). Geo-mechanical Properties of Okaba Coal
Deposit for Pillar Design. Journal of Mining World Express 2(2), 45 – 48.
Akande S., Debayo, B. & Akande, J.M. (2013), Comparative Analysis of
Grindability of Iron ore and Granite. Journal of Mining World Express, 2(3), 55 –
62.
Ijaola, O.O., Ogedengbe, K. & Sangodoyin, A. Y. (2013). Kinetic Study of Water
Contaminants Adsorption by Bamboo Granular Activated and Non-Activated
Carbon. International Journal and Technology Innovation, 3(4), 263-272.
Akande, J.M. & Lawal, A.I. (2013). Effects of Controllable Blasting Variables on
Number of Boulders Generated after Blasting in Ratcon and NSCE Quarries,
Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology,
2(2), 105 - 112.
Akande, J.M., Lawal, A.I. & Adeboye, W.A. (2013). Evaluation of the
Environmental Effects of the Abandoned Quarries Strabag Quarry at Ibadan, Oyo
State and RCC Quarry at Wasinmi, Ikire, Osun State. Journal of Environment and
Earth Science, 3(4), 129 - 141.
21
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Adebimpe, R.A., Akande, J.M. & Arum, C. (2013). Mine Equipment Selection for
Ajabanoko Iron Ore Deposit, Kogi State, Nigeria. Science Research 1(2), 25 - 30.
Akande, J.M. & Lawal, A.I. (2013): Effects of Controllable Blasting Parameters on
Geometric Volume of Blast in NSCE and Ratcon Quarries, Ibadan, Oyo State,
Nigeria. Nigeria Mining Journal.
Adebimpe, R.A. & Akande, J.M. (2013). Rock Mass Characterization of
Ajabanoko Iron Ore Deposit, Kogi State Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Applied Sciences, 427-431
Akande, J.M. & Lawal, A.I. (2013). Design of an Haulage Way in an Underground
Coal Mine, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 4 (7), 1017.
Akande, J.M., Lawal, A.I. & Aladejare, E.A. (2013). Optimization of the Overall
Equipment Efficiency (OEE) of Loaders and Rigid Frame Trucks in NAMDEB
Southern Coastal Mine Stripping Fleet, Namibia, Science PG, 2(6), 158-166.
Engineering review
 Nyirenda, C. N., Temaneh-Nyah, C. & Kavishe, F. (2013). What is computer
Engineering. Engineering Council of Namibia, Engineering Review, 14, 18-20.
Conference Papers/ Proceedings
 Bello, M. M., Smit, R., Carter-Brown, C. & Davidson, I. E. (2013). Power Planning
in a Smart Grid Environment - A Case Study of South Africa. In Proceedings of the
IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) 2013 Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
IEEE Explore Digital Object Identifier: 978-1-4799-1303-9/2013.
 Johnson, O.T., Ogunmuyiwa, E.N. (2013). Sigalas, I. & Hermann, M., Boron
suboxide Materials with Rare-earth Metal Oxide Additives. International
Conference on Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management
Chemical Engineering and Technology, ICMEEM 2013, World Congress on
Engineering (WCE) 2013, London, United Kingdom.
 Temaneh-Nyah, C. (2013). A Fast Algorithm for Electromagnetic Compatibility
Estimation For Radio Communication Network in a Complex Electromagnetic
Environment. UKSim-AMSS 7th European Modeling Symposium (EMS 2013),
Manchester, United Kingdom, pp.103-106, IEEE Computer society, ISBN-978-14799-2578-0/13.
 Mwale, S.J.T. & Davidson, I. E. (2013). Security Analysis of Electric Power
Supply in SADC Region. Paper accepted for presentation at the 11th edition of the
IEEE Region 8 Africon Conference, Mauritius.
 Mbangula, K. N. I. & Davidson, I. E. (2013). Power System Modelling and Fault
Analysis of NAMPOWER’S 330KV HVAC Transmission Line.. Paper accepted
for presentation at the 13th Biennial Conference of the Botswana Institution of
Engineers (BIE), Conference, Gaborone, Botswana.
 Davidson, I. E., Muashekele, H. & Mukapuli, N. (2013). Benguela CommunityUNAM Wind-Power Demonstration Project - Experiences in Implementation. 12th
International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power
22
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Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants,
London, United Kingdom.
Li, S., Mulunga, P. T., Yang, Q & Sun, X. (2013). A Common Component
Architecture (CCA) Based Design and Implementation for Distributed Parallel
Magnetotellurice Forward Model. Proceedings of 2013 6th International
Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial
Engineering, ICIII 2013, Xi'an, China, 23 - 24, pp.433-436, IEEE Computer
society, ISBN-13: 9781479939855.
Meritorious Awards recipients at an annual event in 2013. The Vice Chancellor,
Prof. Lazarus Hangula, and UNAM Council Chairperson, Prof. Filemon
Amaambo, are 5th and 6th from the left, respectively. On the far left is Prof. Erika
Maass, Director: Academic Affairs, while Mr. Reggie Izaks, Director: Human
Resources, is on the far right.
23
FACULTY OF LAW
DEAN’S STATEMENT
The Faculty of law of the University of Namibia has since its establishment in the early 1990’s
served as the only law faculty in the country. The Faculty has three academic departments
namely, the Departments of Commercial Law, Private and Procedural Law and Public Law &
Jurisprudence. The Faculty is staffed by 14 full-time teaching staff members and a number of
part-time lecturers. It currently has about 890 students who are registered for the following
qualifications:
 the 3 year B Juris degree;
 the 2 year LL. B degree; and
 the 4 year undergraduate LL. B degree
The Faculty also offers 2 undergraduate diploma qualifications, namely:
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the Diploma in Arbitration and Dispute Resolution; and
the Diploma in Para-legal Studies
The B Juris and the 2 year LL. B qualifications are being phased out while the 4 year
undergraduate LL. B degree is being phased-in with effect from the 2012 academic year. During
the year under review, the Faculty registered 14 postgraduate students who are pursuing either
Masters or Doctoral qualifications. The Faculty also hosts two centres, namely the Human
Rights and Documentation Centre (HRDC) which focuses on human rights issues in the country
and also regionally. The other centre is the Justice Training Centre (JTC), whose main remit is
the co-ordination of the professional training of legal practitioners in the Republic of Namibia.
Like in the 2012 academic year, 2013 has been a very challenging one for the Faculty of Law in
as far as research productivity is concerned. It is very clear that the research profile of the
Faculty has only somewhat marginally improved. The issue of an extremely heavy teaching load
is still very much of a problem in the Faculty. It is to be hoped that with the assumption of Dr.
Aimite Jorge at the beginning of the 2014 academic and also the return of Professor Horn from
sabbatical, things should begin to improve. Nonetheless, despite these challenges, some
colleagues in the Faculty were able to research, prepare and present conference papers. Other
colleagues were able to write journal articles and book chapters for publication and even publish
a book during the year under review.
The Faculty is fully aware of the need to urgently reverse its current situation and is addressing it
through a number of strategies such as the development of a five year Faculty research plan. Its
purpose is to identify niche areas of research, taking into account the existing expertise of its
current staff cohort. It has also instituted a bi-monthly seminar series entitled “Namibian Law
Update” and annual Bench Bar Faculty conference. These are platforms for law academics to
meet and present their research findings which, it is hoped will lead to an increased research
output in the Faculty. During the year under review, in order to boost its future research output
24
the Faculty has made a budgetary allocation of N$20 000.00 to each member of staff to attend a
conference and present a research paper which would subsequently be revised for publication in
a refereed journal.
It is against this brief introductory background that I present to you the list of research outputs of
the Faculty of Law of the University of Namibia for the 2013 academic year.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal articles:
 Jorge, A. (2013). Measuring Enrichment Liability in the Context of Unfinished
Construction Projects, University of Western Cape. Inflation in Enrichment Claims:
Reflections on the Brazilian Civil Code, 6 J. Civ. L. Stud. (2013) (Louisiana – USA)
Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/jcls/vol6/iss2/5
Chapters in Books, Monographs, Booklets
 Baloro, J. (2014). Integrating small African economies into global value chains through
foreign aid: the case of Namibia. In Marion Jansen Mustapha Sadni Jallab and Maarten
Smeets ( eds): Connecting to global markets Challenges and opportunities: case studies
presented by WTO- Chair –holders.
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Jorge, A. (2013). Proceedings of the 19th CIB World Building Congress,
Brisbane
2013: Construction and Society ISBN: 978-0-9875542-1-5©2013 Queensland University
of Technology Edited by Prof. Stephen Kajewski, A/Prof. Karen Manley and Prof. Keith
Hampson.
 Mchombu, C. M. (2013). Information needs and seeking behaviour of orphans and
vulnerable children, their caregivers, and the role of service providers in Namibia.
[Online]. Available at :http://www.digital .unam.na/handle/11070.1/5582
Conference Papers /Proceedings
 Amoo, S.K. (2013). Mineral Law and Governance in Africa, Launch Workshop,
University of Cape Town. Presented a paper on The “Regulatory Regime of Mineral
Rights in Namibia”.
 Horn, N. (2013). “The Demise of a Human Rights Culture in the South African White
Pentecostal Churches after 1948” presented at The Law and Religion Conference,
organised by the Centre for Law and Religion of the Brigham Young University. Pravo,
Utah, in co-operation with the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana
 Mchombu, C. M. (2013). The Role of Libraries in Supporting Human Rights in Namibia.
The paper was presented at the Namibia Libraries Symposium. Windhoek.
 Mchombu, C. M. & Nakuta, J. (2013). Accessing Government Information in Namibia as
a Human Rights Issue. The paper was presented at the Namibia Libraries Symposium.
Windhoek.
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FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES: SCHOOL OF NURSING AND
PUBLIC HEALTH
ASSOCIATE DEAN’S STATEMENT
This report for the School of Nursing and Public Health covers the research activities and
publications during the 2013 academic year. The research output is low but is slowly picking up
since 2011. Staff members produced some publications, while others presented either a paper or
a poster at international conferences.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
Nursing research focuses on generating knowledge of health promotion, aiming to maintain and
improve health, alleviate suffering and create conditions for a peaceful death. The School has
identified during 2013 a focal person to spearhead the School’s research agenda. The main
purpose of the focal person was to steer the School to improve the research output in general and
to support the respective departments in addressing the contemporary issues their facing such as:
 Professional conduct of nurses;
 Best practices to accelerate Millennium Development Goals related to health;
 Effective teaching and learning approaches (The School is in the process of
adopting and adapting Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach. We have
exchange teaching programme with the University of Linkoping (Sweden) where
lecturers and students are participating in PBL approach);
 Contemporary infectious diseases.
Objectives
1. Conduct action research to support nurses to change negative attitudes towards
clients/patients
2. Conduct research on best practices for acceleration of Millennium Development
Goals 4, 5, & 6
3. Conduct research in areas related to teaching and learning approaches
4. Conduct research in areas related to contemporary infectious diseases
SPECIFIC AREAS OF EMPHASIS BY THE SCHOOL
 Professional conduct
Professional ethics
Participatory Action and Reflection approaches
 Millennium Development Goals
Best practices to reduce maternal and peri/neonatal deaths
Best practices to reduce HIV prevalence
 Teaching and learning approaches
Problem-based Learning
 Contemporary infectious diseases
26
STIs
Malaria
Tuberculosis
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
The research output is low but shows commitment from the lecturers. Staff few members
produced publications, while some presented either a paper or a poster at conferences. These
were as follow:
Journal articles
 Amakali, K., & Small, L.F. (2013). The Plight of Parents/Caregivers of Children with
Heart Diseases in the Rural Namibia: A Case of Coping. Global Journal of Health
Sciences, 5(2): 62-73.
 Amakali, K., & Small, L. (2013). Empowerment of the Rural Parents/Caregivers of
Children with Heart Diseases in Namibia to Facilitate Coping with the Demands of
Caring at Home. Global Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2): 74-83.
 Amakali, K. Haoses-Gorases, Taukuheke, L. (2013). Tobacco Smoking Among
University of Namibia Students: Behaviours, Reasons, Attitudes, Awareness and
Knowledge of Risk Factors. Online journal of Medicine and Medical Science Research,
2(3): 30-37.
 Small, L.F., Pretorius, L.,Walters, A., Ackerman,M. & Tshifugula, P., (2013). Students’
perceptions regarding the objective, structured, clinical evaluation as an assessment
approach. Health SA Gesondheid 18(1), Art. #629, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/
hsag.v18i1.629
 Pinehas,L., Shifiona ,N. & Shikongo, K., (2013). Celebrating UNAM Oshakati Campus
health day/ World Health Day: a Community Service: Professional & Personal life
experiences. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies.
Conference papers/Proceedings
 de Villiers. (20th -22nd November 2012). The Challenges in nursing ethics education in
South Africa and Namibia at the “1st International Scientific Conference of the School of
Nursing, University of the Western Cape: Nursing Scholarship Contributions to Meeting
health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Cape Town, South Africa.
 Amukugo, H. (1st – 4th December 2013). Perception of male & female partner and nurses
on male involvement in the reproductive health context at the fourth bi- annual
international conference of the ‘Southern Africa – Nordic Centre (SANORD)’,
Lilongwe, Malawi.
Chapters in Books
 Small, L.F. & Pretorius, L., (2013). Namibia. In: Klopper , H.C and Uys, L.R. (eds.). The
State of Nursing and Nursing Education in Africa: A Country-By-Country Review,
Chapter 12.
27
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
DEAN’S STATEMENT
In the year under review, the Faculty had strong collaboration links with several industry
partners which led to innovative approaches to real world challenges, and resulted in several
applied research initiatives with economic, social and cultural benefits. In 2013, the Faculty
produced a total of 58 publications, the majority of which are peer reviewed articles, some
conference papers and some books and book reviews.
The Faculty research agenda was informed by the following focus areas which will be reviewed
2014:
(i). Studies on language, cultural development and globalization
(ii). Studies on Namibia’s transition to a knowledge based society
(iii). Studies on quality of life in Namibian society
(iv). Studies on societal roles of the arts
(v). Studies on development management
(vi). Studies on Namibia environment, historical development, tourism and climate change
(vii). Cross-cutting issues: poverty eradication, education societal impact, gender relations in
society.
Each of the Faculty’s Departments had a vibrant research programme, and below are a few
examples.
The Sociology Department was active in various areas of research including: Gender training
and empowerment research through the ARTS collaboration with University of Cape Town;
shifting culture, language & identity research; perception of health workers; alcohol and societal
impacts in Windhoek in collaboration with Road Safety Council; student lifestyle and impacts
on studies, and mobile margins communications and the family in Namibia.
Furthermore, due high teenage pregnancy in the country, the Department of Information and
Communication Studies (DICS), initiated a study on the need for information literacy to combat
teenage pregnancy in Namibia. Another important project was health information literacy among
UNAM students. Yet another important project was on Scholarly communication at UNAM
which was conducted in collaboration with three other SADC Universities.
Another important milestone was the signing of agreement Southern African Science Service
Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL), a Regional Science
Service Centre (RSSC) in Southern Africa through the Department of Geography, History and
Environmental Studies.
SASSCAL is a joint initiative of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and
Germany, responding to the challenges of global change. It is conceptualise and operationalise to
complement the excellent existing research and capacity development infrastructures and
research initiatives in the region. Its mission is to conduct problem-oriented research in the area
28
of adaptation to climate and change and sustainable land management and provide evidencebased advice for all decision-makers and stakeholders to improve the livelihoods of people in the
region and to contribute to the creation of an African knowledge-based society.
The Department of Geography, History and Environmental Studies in collaboration with the
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel is involved in the project on the
Identification of Potential Intervention Mechanisms for Improving Small-scale Farmers
Livelihood and Reducing Land Degradation with the Support of PES in the Communal Farming
Areas of Northern Namibia. Payments for Environmental Services (PES), supported through
schemes such as Clean Development Mechanisms or Voluntary Carbon Offsets, offer
opportunities to fund soil quality and yield improvement on cropland through Carbon credits.
These credits can be earned by increasing or preserving soil organic Carbon (SOC) or biomass.
SOC plays a central role for sustainable yields, especially in sandy soils such as those that are
widespread in northern Namibia, where it is of particular importance for soil resistance to
erosion, water and nutrient supply.
The Department of Visual and Performing Arts was involved in an ongoing research project in
Ethnomusicology, together with colleagues from the Cybelius Academy in Finland under the
sponsorship of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland. The project is intended to capture all
the rituals and traditional instruments of Namibia, for future resource centre in Ethnomusicology
at the University of Namibia.
The Faculty held its 5th Annual Research conference from 26-27th September, under the theme
“Mainstreaming Youth: Young Adults Empowerment and Development in Namibia”. The
conference was sponsored by UNDP and jointly organised with the Namibia Youth council.
Selected papers from the conference will be published in the Faculty Journal, Journal for
Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences”.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Chapters in Books and Books

Botha, C (2013). The emergence of commercial ranching
under state control and the encapsulation of pastoralism in African Reserves. In M.
Bollig, M. Schnegg & H.P Wotzka (eds.), Pastoralism in Africa, Past, Present and
Future, Berghahn Books, Oxford, 2013.
 Owusu-Banahene, W., Mensah, F., Coetzee, S., Cooper, A.K., Rautenbach, V., Sinvula,
K.M., Nangolo, E., Hipondoka, M., (2013). A Description of Spatial Data Infrastructure
Stakeholders in Ghana Using the ICA Model. In: Onsrud, H., & Rajabifard, A., (eds.).
Spatial Enablement in support of economic development and poverty reduction:
Research, Development and Education Perspectives. GSDI Association Press, pp. 63-84.
http://www.gsdi.org/gsdiconf/gsdi14/documents/GSDI14Book.pdf
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Sinvula, K., Coetzee, S., Cooper, A.C., Nangolo, E., OwusuBanahene, W., Rautenbach, V., Hipondoka, M., (2013). A Contextual ICA Stakeholder
Model Approach for the Namibian Spatial Data Infrastructure. In: Buchroithner, M.,
Prechtel, N., and Burghardt, D., (eds.). Cartography from Pole to Pole, Lecture Notes
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Geoinformation
and
Cartography,
Springer,
pp
381
–
394.
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-32618-9_27#page-2
Akpabio, E (2013). Gender Link’s utilization of new media for women’s empowerment in
Southern Africa. In K. Prasad (Ed.) New media and pathways to social change: Shifting
development discourses. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation
Trotter, H., Kell, E., Willmers, M., Gray, E., Mchombu, K., and King, T. (2013).
Scholarly Communication at the University of Namibia: country Case Study Report.
Cape Town: SCAP
Smit, T. C. (2013). Fundamentals of English literature studies. Windhoek: University of
Namibia. (Co-author)
Smit, T. C. (2013). Approaches to language analysis. Windhoek: University of Namibia.
(2013).
Zappen-Thomson: Editor: eDUSA – Band 8, Jahrgang 2013: Nr. 1 [ISSN 1991-6272]
Redaktionelles, Vorwort http://www.sagv.org.za/eDUSA/index.htm
Journal articles
 Angombe, S., Bloemertz, L., Würsch, M., Asino, J. & Kuhn, N. J. (2013). Payments for
Environmental Services as source of development funding for small-scale farmers in
northern Namibia. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 15, EGU2013-7945, 2013.
EGU General Assembly 2013.
 Becker, F. (2013). Spatial Planning in Urbanisation: Observations from an Academic
Perspective. Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2 (1), 1 – 20.
 Brook, GA, Cherkinsky, A, Railsback, LB, Marais, E, & Hipondoka, MHT, (2013).
Radiocarbon dating of organic residue and carbonate from stromatolites in Etosha Pan,
Namibia: the radiocarbon reservoir effect, correction of published carbonate ages, and
evidence of a >8 m deep lake during the Late Pleistocene. Radiocarbon, 55, 1-8.
 Hipondoka, M.H.T., Kempf, J. & Jousse, H., (2013). Palaeo and Present Ecological
Value of the Etosha Pan, Namibia: An Integrative Review. Journal of Namibia Scientific
Society 61, 67- 85.
 Hipondoka, M.H.T, Mauz, B, Nande, EMH & Bezeuidenhout, (2013). Reconnaissance
Survey of Radioisotopes in Soil and Possible Impact on Seasonal Anthrax Outbreak at
Etosha National Park, Namibia. International Science and Technology Journal of
Namibia 2(1), 59 -69.
 Hipondoka, M.H.T., Mauz, B., Packman, S., Kempf, J., Chiverrell, R., & Bloemendal,
J., (2013). Chronology of sand-ridges and the Late Quaternary evolution of the Etosha
Pan,
Namibia.
Geomorphology
204:
553
563.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.08.034
 Mudabeti, A.M., & Mfundisi, K.B. (2013). Development of a hydraulic model for the
Kavango River for improved disaster risk management in Namibia. Journal of
Environmental Science and Water Resoiurces, 2 (9), 310 – 319. Available on:
http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org/JESWR/pdf/2013/October/Mudabeti%20and
%20Mfundisi.pdf
 Nashima, F.P., Hipondoka, M., Iiyambo, I., & Hambia, J. (2013). The potential of
rainwater harvesting: A case of the city of Windhoek, Namibia. Journal of Water
Resources and Ocean Science, 2(6): 170-174. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20130206.13
30
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Angombe, S., Asino, J. N., Bloemetz, L., Kach, S and Kuhn, N. J. (2013). Reduzierung
von Landdergradierung in Nordnamibia mit Hilfe der Bezahlung fur OkosystemDienstleistungen (Payment for Ecosystem Services – PES). Regio Basiliensis. 54.
Jahrgang, Heft 1, April 2013, pp 45-53.
Mudabeti, A.M., & Mfundisi, K.B. (2013). Development of a hydraulic model for the
Kavango River for improved disaster risk management in Namibia. Proceedings of the
Global Geospatial 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 4 – 8 November 2013. Available on:
http://www.gsdi.org/gsdiconf/gsdi14/abstracts.html#ab7
Edwards-Jauch (2013) Gender, Social Capital and Social Reproduction: The
(in)visibility of care work in the context of HIV/AIDS. Journal for Studies in
Humanities and Social Sciences, 2 (1).
Augart, J./ Ikobwa M.J. (2013). „(Ost-)Afrikanische Germanistik. Entstehung und
Entwicklung von Deutsch in Kenia“, in: eDUSA 8/1, 9-31.
Augart, Julia (2013). (Inter) cultural Investigations. Kenya in German Crime Fiction.
Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences 1, 104-116.
Augart, Julia (2013). “Der reisende Detektiv. Ermittler im deutschen Afrikakrimi“, in:
Acta Germanica. German Studies in Africa 41/2013, 42-55.
Augart, J. Czucka, Eckehard / Neuland, Eva (Hrsg.). Interkulturelle Kommunikation.
Perspektiven einer anwendungsorientierten Germanistik. München: Iudicium Verlag
2011, In: Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht. Didaktik und
Methodik im Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache. 18, 1, 2013, 173-174.
URL: http://zif.spz.tu-darmstadt.de/jg-18-1/beitrag/Czucka_Neuland.pdf
Zappen-Thomson (2013). „Und das soll Deutsch sein? Gedanken zur Jugendsprache“ in
Perspektiven, 2014/2013, 76-79
Smit, T. C. (2013) First-generation entry into higher education: Namibia’s future.
Namibia Development Journal 1(1), 79 – 92.
Kaundjua, M. B. (2013). The determinants of child mortality in rural Namibia in the
Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1).
Beyer, H.L. (2013). Glosse en vertaalkomplemente in tweetalige woordeboeke. Botha,
W., P. Mavoungou & D. Nkomo (Eds.). Festschrift RUFUS H. GOUWS. Stellenbosch:
SUN PReSS, pp. 20-38.
Beyer, H.L. & J.N. Izaks. (2013). The cognitive-oriented use of school dictionaries to
support language teaching: A teacher’s needs. Paper read at the Eighteenth Annual
International Conference of the African Association for Lexicography, Port Elizabeth,
South Africa, 3-5 July.
Beyer, H.L. (2013). Macro- and microstructural issues in the compilation of a
monofunctional, unidirectional concise Dutch-Afrikaans dictionary. Paper read at the
Linguistisches Kolloquium in the Faculty of Humanties, University of Duisburg-Essen,
Germany, 5 November.
Short contributions to the weekly column “Ons Taal” in Republikein, a column about
Afrikaans. Beyer, H.L. (2013). Die “euwel” van SMS-taal :-/. Klasgids 48.
Mchombu, K (2013). A scoping study of PhD Training in Namibia. Presented at OSSREA
Research & Policy Conference, 9-10 December, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mchombu, K. & Beukes-Amiss, C.M. (2013). KM & ICT4D in Education Performance
improvement through use of KM & ICT4D. Presentation at FHSS Annual Research
Conference, Windhoek, Namibia.
Mchombu, K. (2013). eLearning and Knowledge Management in an African University
context. Retrieved from http://www.elearning-africa.com/eLA_Newsportal/elearningand-knowledge-management-in-an-african-university-context/
Nengomasha, C. T. (2013). The past, present and future of records and archives
management in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the South African Society of Archivists,
46, 2-11.
Nengomasha, C.T. (2013). E-records management and e-government in southern Africa.
Comma, 2012.1, 95-103.
Beukes-Amiss, C.M. (2013). A letter from Dr Beukes-Amiss. Perspectives on ICT,
Education and Development in Africa. 7th edition. Retrieved from http://www.elearningafrica.com/eLA_Newsportal/a-letter-from-dr-maggy-beukes-amiss/
Kangira, J. (2013). Remembering or re-membering? Life-writing and the politics of
narration in Morgan Tsvangirai’s autobiography At the deep End (2011). Journal for
Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 15-26.
Kangira, J. (2013). An offence to be Black and Human: A rhetorical engagement of
Mvula ya Nangolo’s imaginative views of Namibia’s war of liberation in the poetry
collection Watering the Beloved Desert. Tsebo Journal of Humanities: Special Issue,
2(4), 161-170.
Babalola, S. S. (2013). The impact of commitment and job security on openness to
organizational change: The case of Nigeria civil aviation industry. African Journal of
Business Management, 7(3), 206-212.
Babalola, S.S. & Marques, L. (2013). Integrated approach to workplace diversity through
human resource management. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4(9), 435445.
Marques, L. A. (2013). Drivers of work engagement of staff members of a higher
education institution in Namibia. Paper presented at 2nd South African Symposium on
Positive Social Sciences 2013: Towards Thriving Youth on 28-29 October 2013 in
Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Conference papers
 Akawa, M. (2013). Promoting Nationalism in SWAPO refugee camps. Paper presented at
the “Re-figuring the South African empire.” Conference, University of Basel,
Switzerland.
 Abankwah, R.M.et al. (2013). The need for information literacy in combating teenage
pregnancy in Namibia. Paper presented at FHSS conference, Windhoek, Namibia.
 Abankwah, R.M, & Abankwah, D.A. (2013). The need for information literacy in
combating teenage pregnancy in Namibia. Paper presented at the 3rd Indigenous
Knowledge Systems (IKS) International Conference on Information, Records and
Archives in a Knowledge Society, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
 Janik, M.; Psychological Meaningfulness and Work Engagement of Secondary School
Educators in Namibia. Paper presented at 2nd South African Symposium on Positive
32
Social Sciences 2013: Towards Thriving Youth on 28-29 October 2013 in
Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
 Beukes-Amis, C.M. (2013). Libraries and eLearning. Paper presented at Namibia
Library Symposium, Windhoek, Namibia
 Mchombu, K., & Beukes-Amiss, C.M. (2013). KM & ICT4D in Education Performance
improvement through use of KM & ICT4 Education. Paper presented at FHSS conference,
Windhoek, Namibia
 Mchombu, K (2013). Building strong library education that prepares librarians for a
knowledge society. Paper presented at Namibia Library Symposium, 7-9 October, 2013,
Safari Hotel, Windhoek, Namibia
Gwasira, G. 2013. Are cultural villages the answer to rural poverty reduction? Presented at the
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Annual Research Conference (September 2013)
Front cover of a sample of the Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences published
by the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences
33
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEAN’S STATEMENT
This is a brief compilation of the annual research report for 2013 for the Faculty of Science. The
faculty has about eight (8) departments. In this report we outline key research areas and also
publications for 2013 from the Faculty. In Biological Sciences Department, the thematic areas
are Ecology and Conservation, Climate Change, Medical Microbiology, Traditional Knowledge
systems and Taxonomy and Ecology of small mammals such as rodents and bats. In this
department about 19 publications in peer reviewed journals were published and about 15
conference papers were presented in 2013. The Department of Computer Science is very active
in research with three research groups such as rural wireless networking utilizing the long term
evolution, cloud computing technologies and Namibian zing the internet. In 2013 the department
has published about 14 papers in both conference proceedings and refereed journals, while the
Physics Department conducted research in natural radioisotopes in Namibian Environment,
vegetation fluorescence and optics, and high-energy astrophysics. The department has recorded
about 15 papers in 2013. In the Geology Department, the focus is on sedimentology and
hydrocarbon resources, hydrogeology and mining and environment. In 2013, the Department
has output about 11 papers. The research focus in the Statistics Department include social
aspects, health aspects and demography and the research output in 2013 was good at 19
publications. However, the Department of Mathematics research areas includes category theory,
algebraic topology, and finance. In 2013 the department produced 15 publications. Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department is one of the largest departments in the faculty. Their research
focus is on medicinal chemistry and drug design and development, natural resources, build
environment, cyber technology and industrial applications. The department output is only in the
form of 9 publications. Their research focus is currently organized in some strategic thematic
areas namely Biotechnology, water solutions, space science, food security, renewable energy,
technology development, mining technology and supply chain. The faculty intents to build
capacity and provide well equipped faculty laboratories with new technologies.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
The Department of Biological Sciences is one of the largest departments in the Faculty in terms
of student numbers. Members of staff are actively involved in research and publication in various
areas of Biological Sciences. During 2013 the Department produced 24 papers in peer-reviewed
journals, 4 chapters in books and 15 papers were presented at National and International
conferences. The department’s members are active within the following research teams:
Ecology and Conservation
 Assessing the effect of herding on livestock performance in semi-arid communal rangelands
in South Africa and Namibia.
 Population dynamics Moringa ovalifolia Dinter & Berger: Population structure, recruitment
and reproductive vigor in different habitats.
 Flora of Namibia Project: This is a collaborative research project with the national
Herbarium of Namibia and is focused towards the production of a comprehensive and
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descriptive English Flora of Namibian Plants. It involves collating and analysing data,
existing and new, on the indigenous and naturalised plants of the country in order to promote
knowledge and sustainable utilisation of this resource.
Population dynamics of an endemic tree species, Moringa ovalifolia: Funded through the
University of Namibia Research and Publication Office, in this collaborative research
between UNAM, Etosha Ecological Institute, and the National Botanic Research Institute, we
address questions around population structure, population dynamics, genetic diversity and
reproductive Ecology of populations occupying different habitats in the country.
Assessment of the effects of variation in vegetation structure due to bush encroachment on
the species composition and diversity of small mammals and ground dwelling invertebrates
at selected sites in the Omaheke Region.
Seasonal changes in dietary preferences of the oryx and springbok in Damaraland. This study
will be undertaken in collaboration with conservancies e.g. Torra conservancy.
Human Wildlife Conflict along the Boundaries of the Park.
Carbon turnover and nutrient cycling in shelf sediments off the Namibian coast
Dynamics of intertidal zone communities on the coast of Namibia
Limnology of lentic freshwater systems in Namibia
Landscape processes and biodiversity change along the Kwandu River in Caprivi, Namibia.
Profiling, monitoring and conserving the rich microbial diversity along the Namibian coast.
Isolation of actinomycetes from Namibian soils
The impact of different management practices on the range condition of Savanna ecosystems.
Disturbance and Restoration Ecology
 Understanding the dynamics of arid savanna ecosystems experiencing various disturbance
regimes in highland biomes of central Namibia: Implications for local management for
economics and conservation objectives.
 Restoration of Sendelingsdrif mining site.
Pollution
 Evaluation of water quality in drinking water of Namibia.
 Endocrine disrupting chemicals in water sources of Namibia.
 Microcystin toxicity in eutrophic aquatic systems.
 Bacteriological quality of water sources (mostly open and ground water) in the vicinity of
informal settlements in the City of Windhoek for the presence and prevalence of
Mycobacterium avium.
Host-plant interactions (Parasitology)
 Plant-microorganism interaction with a focus on Plant Growth Promotion by Rhizospheric
 Endophytic microorganisms associated with plant occurring in the Namibian Deserts
Host-animal interactions (Parasitology)
 Rainfall and herbivory: characterizing the transmission route for anthrax in grazing wildlife,
Etosha National Park.
 Parasites of rodents in South Africa and Namibia with a focus on emerging infectious
diseases.
35
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Emerging viruses in West and Southern Africa: Molecular identification and characterization
of rodent- and shrew-borne hantaviruses and assessment of their public health potential.
Monitoring the effects of anthropogenic and environmental change on parasite diversity and
communities and infectious disease on small mammal communities along a climate gradient
in Southern Africa.
Climate Change
 The combined use of groundwater, honey bees and soil in the assessment of climate change
and adaptation strategies among communities of the Omusati, Ohangwena, Okavango and
Caprivi Regions of Namibia.
Medical Microbiology
 HIV-1 biological activity and toxicity prospecting of ethnobotanicals of Namibia.
 Malaria prevalence study in the Oshikango region.
 The impact of nutritional status on clinical outcomes of malaria following ACT treatment in
children under the age of 5.
 The evaluation of medicinal plants for potential use as herbal supplements for cancer,
diabetes and hypertension.
 The evaluation of indigenous plant species as potential sources of antimalaria products.
 The molecular surveillance for drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Namibia
(collaboration with the Directorate of Special Programmes, MoHSS, Namibia).
 Malaria Research Group at the University of Namibia. Research interest include: Antimalarial drug discovery (Evaluate the antimalarial activity of novel synthetic metal
compounds as well as natural products; establish the mode of action). Epidemiology,
Diagnostics, Pathogenesis and Vector Biology.
 Isolation of novel antibiotics for use against Tuberculosis.
Traditional Knowledge systems
 Access to and use of research results: increasing community awareness and utilization of
indigenous grains to improve nutrition security and livelihoods in Botswana and Namibia.
 The evaluation of medicinal plants used by traditional healers for potential use as
complementary medicine for treatment malaria.
Animal and Plant breeding research
 Development of Marama bean cultivars with desirable agronomic traits using mutation
breeding.
 Domestication of Marama bean: Agronomy and molecular genetic characterization for its
improvement.
 Analysis of starch synthesis in Marama bean to identify industrial uses for it.
 Cultivation of Tylosema esculentum (Marama bean) Trials.
 Development of Marama bean cultivars with desirable agronomic traits using Mutation
Breeding (DOMBATUMB).
 Analysis of microbial nutrient cycling, GHG production, BNF and plant growth promotion
for sustainable land use management” under the project The Future Okavango ( TFO)
36
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Despite the heavy focus on curriculum development, the department managed to attract funding
for research from both internal and external sources. Researchers collaborate extensively in
several strategic theme areas, including
 Biomedical Research and Development (Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design and
Development): The department formalised this research platform as the main focussed area,
with the view to improve human health and nutrition. The current focus is on HIV/AIDS and
nutrition, malaria and Cancer research.
 Value addition and Sustainable Utilisation of Natural Resources (Food Chemistry and
Geochemistry)
 The department proudly host the national Programme on Indigenous Knowledge Systems
and Technology Advancement (IKST) in collaboration with Ministry of Education and MRC.
Research and Development in this programme is focussed on: Build Environment: Environmental Chemistry, Sustainable Energy, Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation
 Cyber Technology: Computational Chemistry, Bioinformatics, Systems Biochemistry
 Industrial Application: New Materials (Nanotechnology), Biotechnology, Polymer Science
research and Petroleum Chemistry
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
In the Computer Science Department there are three research groups that focus on: (a) Rural
Wireless Networking utilising the Long Term Evolution and Cloud Computing Technologies; (b)
“Namibianizing the Internet” looking at innovative ways to expose the Namibian cultural norms
and practices to the world. This research group is looking at various aspects including indigenous
knowledge systems and social networks that are applicable to the Namibian environment; (c) on
Cloud Computing looking at billing and security aspects of applications in the cloud
environment. The Computer Science Department also houses the Centre of Excellence in
Telecommunication that run and implements research activities and publish research results.
In the year under review, the research and publications output from the Department improved. The
Department managed to do some research and publish at least five (14) papers to International
Journals and nine (9) to International Conferences.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
The Geology Department is a small department with only a few academics who are actively
involved in research, despite high workloads shared among them. Currently the Geology
Department has identified six focus areas for research. These include:
1. The Matchless Project: Geological Evolution and Metallogeny of the Matchless Belt,
Namibia (Dr A.F. Kamona, Dr B.S. Mapani in collaboration with Meeting Points Mining,
Sweden and Uppsala University, Sweden).
2 Sedimentology and hydrocarbon resources (Staff, Dr A. Wanke): Karoo basin evolution
and associated Coal and Gas resources; Seismic Stratigraphy and Petroleum System
Analysis of the Orange Basin (Master project by Ms V. Sibeya); Neoproterozoic
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Petroleum Systems in Namibia (Staff, Dr A.F. Kamona in collaboration with Royal
Holloway, London)
3 Hydrogeology (Dr H. Wanke and Dr. B.S. Mapani).
The department is quite active in the hydrogeology field, currently collaborating with
several outside partners. Current projects being undertaken are: Determination of
groundwater recharge and safe groundwater abstraction rates. Groundwater quality with
focus on the regional nitrate and fluoride problematic. Modelling of the Naukluft
Groundwater aquifers. Currently an M.Sc student from UNAM (Ms Winnie Kambinda)
and another two from University of Stellenbosch (Ms Albertina Nakwafila) and
University of Luasanne, Switzerland (Ms A. Buffon) respectively are working on the
project.
4 The Mining and Environment project under the auspices of the International Union of
Geological Sciences (IUGS) and UNESCO/SIDA, Project Number 594. The Department
is being represented by Dr B.S. Mapani and Dr A.F. Kamona. Recently in July 2012 the
Department together with the Ministry of Mines and Energy organized the Windhoek
Conference on IGCP594. Cooperating partners in this project are the Geological Survey
of the Czech Republic, The University of Johannesburg, The University of Botswana, the
University of Zambia, the University of Zimbabwe, Charles University, Prague, The
University of Natural Sciences, Prague, The University of Lubumbashi, Medical Faculty,
and the Central African Museum in Brussels, Belgium.
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
The Research Agenda for the Department of Mathematics centers on creation of theoretical
knowledge, realizing that the country needs pure mathematicians to provide the driving force
behind innovation, and the application of mathematics to the financial sector and industry. Focus
areas of research are:
Pure Mathematics
 The Department has been carrying out research in Categorical Topology. In this research
structured frames called nearness frames are utilized. The work involves applying
category theory to topology.
Applied Mathematics
Research has been going on in the following areas:
 Financial Mathematics. Semi martingales are applied to finance. The focus is on the
modelling of exchange rates, optimal harvest and default able securities. This work has
played a part in strengthening the modelling of risk management in the banking industry.
Stochastic dynamic models for banking items were developed enabling one to analyse the
interplay between the bank exposures and its regulatory capital to mitigate these.
 Dynamical Systems. This involves the study of the dynamics of Biological groups. The
dynamics of Biological groups is represented by a system of nonlinear Partial Differential
Equations. The study focus on the well-posedness and regularity properties of the
solutions to such systems of equations.
 Perturbation Theory. This research in perturbation theory has wide applications in
chemical reactors, lubrication, bending problems of thin plates and shells, DC motor
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analysis, quantum and fluid mechanics, elasticity, and other similar areas. It is clear that
these applications are quite relevant to the development programs of Namibia, especially
in the industrial sector.
Differential Equations and Numerical Methods. This work involves modelling of the
spread of diseases.
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
The Physics Department has a small staff component, but still manage to be active in sourcing
funding, conducting research and publish in high quality Journals. During 2013 the Department
worked on the bid to host the billion plus Namibian Dollar project, CTA South (Cherenkov
Telescope Array – Southern Hemisphere) observatory. An amount of N$450,000 of resource
funding were applied for and obtained through the Directorate of Research, Science &
Technology (DRST). Several CTA Resource Board meetings were attended together with a
Ministerial Delegation from DRST and later NCRST, three CTA Collaboration Board meetings
were attended by members of the Department and several interactions took place with the CTA
Site Selection Committee. Several invited talks were given by staff members of the Physics
Department in our CTA related activities.
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The distributions and concentrations of natural radioisotopes in the soils of the Kupferberg
landfill, Windhoek, Namibia. The project was funded by the University of Namibia, and the
nuclear equipment used were provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
through the Government of Namibia. [Prof. J.A. Oyedele, Mr S.A. Shimboyo Mr T.
Nanghonga]
Continuing research in vegetation fluorescence and optics [Prof. S. Singh]
Continuing research in high-energy astrophysics as part of the H.E.S.S. Collaboration;
Driving the Namibian bid for CTA South; Driving the Namibia SKA effort. [Dr R.
Steenkamp, Dr M. Backes & Mr I.D. Davids]
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Research focus in the Statistics Department include:
Social aspects
 Women and Food Insecurity in Urban area in Namibia. This is a case study within the
informal settlements of Windhoek
 A comparative study of the socio-economic determinants of infant mortality in Namibia. A
case study of 200 and 2006 DHS.
 Explaining marriage patterns and trends in Namibia. This research is undertaken toward the
fulfillment of a PhD degee
 Model Fitting to Home language in Windhoek Primary Schools
 Completion of the second and final pat of the Phase II UNESCO Culture for Development
Indicator Suit project
39
Health Sector/aspects
 An evaluation of the effect of maternal smoking on the health of infants in Namibia.
 Small area estimation of health status/conditions and interventions. The main focus currently
is in malaria, but easily expandable to other public health problems. With collaborators in
Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute and University of Oxford, we are using crosssectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data obtained in various African countries
to estimate i) health interventions coverage (long lasting nets) ii) health status and conditions
(malaria prevalence), iii) health promotion and disease prevention issues (prompt use of
appropriate care).
Demography
 Statistical methods in demography- this project essentially is using advanced regression
methods to analyze and explain demographic processes. Census and DHS data are being
used. Two book chapters currently under review have emanated from this research project.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal articles
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). Constraints on axionlike
particles with H.E.S.S. from the irregularity of the PKS 2155-304 energy spectrum, Phys.
Rev. D 88 id. 102003
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids], Discovery of very high energy
gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac object PKS 0301-243 with H.E.S.S, Astron.
Astrophys. 559 (2013) id. A136
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT
discovery of gamma rays from the blazar 1ES 1312-423, MNRAS 434 1889
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). H.E.S.S. discovery of VHE
gamma-rays from the quasar PKS 1510-089, Astron. Astrophys. 554 A107
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). Discovery of high and very
high-energy emission from the BL Lac object SHBL J001355.9-185406, Astron. Astrophys.
554 A72
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). Discovery of TeV gammaray emission from PKS 0447-439 and derivation of an upper limit on its redshift, Astron.
Astrophys. 552 A118
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). Search for Very-highenergy gamma-ray emission from Galactic globular clusters with H.E.S.S, Astron. Astrophys.
551 A26
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). Search for photon line-like
signatures from Dark Matter annihilations with H.E.S.S, A. Abramowski et al. Phys. Rev.
Lett. 110 (2013) 041301
 Abramowski A. et al. [inc. R. Steenkamp & I.D. Davids] (2013). Measurement of the
extragalactic background light imprint on the spectra of the brightest blazars observed with
H.E.S.S, Astron. Astrophys. 550 A4
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ALECSIC, J. et al. (MAGIC COLLABORATION) (2013). The simultaneous low state spectral
energy distribution of 1ES 2344+514 from radio to very high energies. In: Astronomy &
Astrophysics 556, id.A67
ALECSIC, J. et al. (MAGIC COLLABORATION) (2013). Very high energy gamma-ray
observation of the peculiar transient event Swift J1644+57 with the MAGIC telescopes and
AGILE. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics 552, id.A122
ALECSIC, J. et al. (MAGIC COLLABORATION) (2013). Observations of the magnetars 4U
0142+61 and 1E 2259+586 with the MAGIC telescopes. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics,
Volume 549, id.A23
ANDERHUB, H., et al. (FACT COLLABORATION) (2013). Design and operation of FACT - the
first G-APD Cherenkov telescope. In: Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 8, P06008
Archibong E.F. (2013). On the electronic structure of AlS2 and AlS2−. International Science
and Technology Journal of Namibia. (1) 15-20
Bennett A., Kazembe, L.N., Ali, D., Mathanga, D.P., Snow, R.W. & Noor, A. (2013).
Mapping malaria transmission intensity in Malawi: 2000-2010. Am J Trop Med Hyg.
89(5):840-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0028
Chigorimbo-Murefu N.T., Njoroge M., Louw S., Mugumbate G. & Chibale K. (2013). Drug
metabolite generation using a laboratory evolved NADPH independent cytochrome P450:
application of in vitro and in silico approaches. Drug Metabolism Letters, 2013, 7, 68-77
Chipeta M, Ngwira B. & Kazembe LN. (2013) Analysis of Schistosomiasis hematobium
infection prevalence and intensity in Chikwawa, Malawi: an application of a two-part model.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013, 7(3): e2131
Daniel S.L., Nagai H. & Sato M. (2013) Photocatalytic activity of Vis-responsive Agnanoparticles/TiO2 composite thin films fabricated by molecular precursor method (MPM).
Catalysts 3, 625—645
Daniel S.L., Nagai H. & Sato M. (2013). Absorption spectra and photocurrent densities of Ag
nanoparticle/TiO2composite thin films with various amounts of Ag. J. Mater. Sci., 48, 7162–
7170
Dumbacher, J. P., Rathbun, G. B., Osborne, T. O., Griffin, M. & Eiseb S. J. (2013). A new
species of round-eared sengi (genus Macroscelides) from Namibia. Accepted by Journal of
Mammalogy.
Egan J., Egan T. & Mbale J. (2013). Open Educational Resources and the Opportunities for
Expanding Open and Distance Learning (OERS-ODL). International Journal of Emerging
Technologies in Learning (iJET), Volume 8, Issue 2, pages 57-61.
Faul A.K. Julies E.M. & Pool E.J. (2013). Oestrogen, testosterone, cytotoxin and
cholinesterase inhibitor removal during reclamation of sewage to drinking water. Water SA
39(4): 499-506
Gideon F., Petersen M.A., Mukudden-Petersen J., & Hlatshwayo L.N.P. (2013). Basel III
and the net stable funding ratio. Hindawi Pub. Co. ISRN Applied Mathematics, ID 582707,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/582707
Gotosa, T.N., Gotosa, J., Katsvanga, C.A.T., Nyakudya, I.W., Kundhlande, A. & Mapaure, I.
(2013). Woody vegetation diversity and regeneration in an abandoned sugar Estate in semiarid Zimbabwe. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 23(5): 1370-1378
Grönemeyer J., Berkelmann D., Mubyana-John T., Haiyambo D., Chimwamurombe P.,
Kasaona B., Hurek T. & Reinhold-Hurek B. (2013). In: Oldeland, J., Erb, C., Finckh, M.,
41
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Jürgens, N. [Eds.]: Environmental Assessments in the Okavango Region. – Biodiversity &
Ecology 5: 287-294
Hlatshwayo L.N.P., Petersen M.A., Mukudden-Petersen J., & Gideon F. (2013). Basel III,
liquidity and bank failure. Banks and Bank Systems, 8(2), 8-24.
Julies E.M. & Kaholongo I. (2013). Relationship between Dissolved Oxygen and the Vertical
and Longitudinal Distribution of Zooplankton off the Namibian coast. Int. Sci. Technol. J.
Namibia. 1: 78-89.
Kapewangolo, P., Hussein, A.A., & Meyer, D. (2013). Inhibition of HIV-1 enzymes,
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Plectranthus barbatus. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology. 149(1), 184-90.
Kazembe, L.N., Archibong, E.F., Chimwamurombe, P.M. & Chinsembu, K.C. (2013).
Science: An all-encompassing field. Int. Sci. Technol. J. Namibia, 1(1): 1-3.
Kazembe LN. (2013) A bivariate two part model applied to analyse risk factors of adult
mortality with application to data from Namibia. PLoS ONE. 2013, doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0073500
Kazembe LN. (2013). Additive regression model to investigate the relationship between
childhood health and socio-economic status. Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology.
(2013) 6:71-84, doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2013.07.002
Le Ber, E., Le Heron, D.P., Winterleitner, G. Bosence, D.W.J., Vining, A. & Kamona, F.
(2013). Microbiolite recovery in the aftermath of the Sturtian glaciation: Insights from the
Rasthof Formation, Namibia. Sedimentary Geology, pp 294, 1-12.
Lehmann D, Mfune J.K.E, Gewers E, Cloete J, Brain C & Voigt C.C (2013). Dietary
plasticity of generalist and specialist ungulates in the Namibian desert: A stable isotopes
approach. PLoS ONE (8):e72190.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072190
Le Heron, D.P., Bushfield, M.E. & Kamona, F. (2013). An interglacial on the snowball
Earth? Dynamic ice behavior revealed in the Chuos Formation, Namibia. Sedimentology, 60:
411-527.
Le Heron, D.P., Bushfield, M.E. & Kamona, F. (2013). Neoproterozoic ironstones in
northern Namibia: biogenic precipitation and Cryogenian glaciation. Paleogeography,
Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 369: 48-57.
Mapaure, I. (2013). A preliminary simulation model of individual and synergistic impacts of
elephants and fire on the structure of semi-arid miombo woodlands in north-western
Zimbabwe. Journal of Ecology and Natural Environment 5(10): 285-302
Mapaure, I. (2013). Short-term responses of shrub layer communities to dry season fires and
tree thinning in semi-arid miombo woodlands of north-western Zimbabwe. African Journal
of Plant Science 7(9): 414-425
Mbango, O., Mapaure, I. & Mpofu, I. (2013). Impact of livestock on vegetation and soil
nutrients around water points in highland savanna rangelands, Namibia. Lambert Academic
Publishing. ISBN: 978-3659357527
MDANGI, M., MULUNGU, L. S., MASSAWE, A. W., EISEB, S. J., TUTJAVI, V., KIRSTEN, F.,
MAHLABA, T., MALEBANE, P., MALTITZ, E. VON., MONADJEM, A., DLAMINI, N., MAKUNDI, R.
H., & BELMAIN, S. R. (2013): Assessment of rodent damage to stored maize (Zea mays L.) on
smallholder farms in Tanzania. International Journal of Pest Management, 59(1): 55-62
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Mfune, J.K.E, Kangombe, F. & Eiseb, S. (2013). Host specificity, prevalence and intensity of
infestation of fleas (Order Siphonaptera) of small mammals at selected sites in the city of
Windhoek, Namibia. International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia, 1(1): 64-77
Mileusnić M., Mapani B.S., Kamona A.F., Ružičić S., Mapaure I., Chimwamurombe P.M.
(2013). Assessment of agricultural soil contamination by potentially toxic metals dispersed
from improperly disposed tailings, Kombat mine, Namibia. Journal of Geochemical
Exploration, in press.
Mpundu M., Petersen M.A., Mukuddem-Petersen J., & Gideon F. (2013). Basel III and asset
securitization. Journal of Stochastic Modelling and Financial Applications. (Accepted,
2013)
Mugochi M.M. (2013). On the smoothness and the totally strong properties for nearness
frames. International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia, 1: 1
Mukakalisa, C., Kandawa-Schulz, M. & Mapaure, I. (2013). Genetic diversity in landraces of
Bambara groundnut found in Namibia using RAPD markers. Acta Horticulturae 979: 683688
Mukakalisa, C., Kandawa-Schulz, M. & Mapaure, I. (2013). Effect of sowing seasons on
growth and development of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) Acta Horticulturae
979: 689-694
Makurira, H., Mapani, B., Mazvimavi, D., Mul., M. & Wepener, V. (2013). Putting Science
into Practice. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 66:134.
Mapani, B., Finkelman, R. & Ravengai, S. (2013). Trace and heavy element distribution of
the Hwange Coal Fields in Zimbabwe: indicators of source rock chemistry, climatic
conditions and seposition mechanisms during their formation in Southern Africa.
International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia, 1: 89-105
Masangwi SJ, Ferguson N, Grimason AM, Zawdie G, Morse TD, Kazembe LN. (2013). The
pattern of variation between diarrhoea and malaria coexistence with corresponding risk
factors in, Chikwawa, Malawi: A bivariate multilevel analysis with Bayesian estimation.
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.
Mbale J., Jackson Phiri & Tie Jun Zhao. (2013). The Rural Sub-Urban Urban-Automated
Path Loss (RSUU-APL) Systems that Calculates Path Loss of Different Environments.
African Journal of Information and Communication Technology (AJICT).
Mbale J. (2013). Educational Emulation of a Soft Handoff Teaching Model (EESH-TM):
Envisioning the Gradual Signal Decrease-Increase Mechanism Between Base Stations in
Cells. International Science Technology Journal of Namibia 1(1), 55 – 63.
Mbale J. (2013). The Switch Hierarchical Network Design Model (SHiNDiM): a Mechanism
for Identifying and Determining the Correct Switch for the Appropriate Position in the
Network Layer. International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (IJCST)
4(3), 20 – 24.
Mbale J. (2013). Converged Data Centres-Library Model (CDC-LM): Enhances
Implementation of e-Government or e-Governance Systems in the sub-Saharan Region.
International Journal of Library and Information Science (IJLIS) 5(3), 50-54.
Mbale J. (2013). Conceptualising VLAN Operation Through a VLAN Teaching Model
(VTM): Deployed for sub-Saharan Institutions. Journal of Telecommunications (JoT),18(2),
11 – 16.
43
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Mbale J., Mufeti K. & Hamutenya V. (2013). Examining Ubiquitous Security-Capital Issues
in Implementing a Campus-System-as-a-Service (CSaaS) Model in the Cloud Computing
Age: Case Study sub-Saharan Region. International Research Journal of Computer Science
and Information Systems (IRJCSIS) 2(2), 18 – 24.
Nasheya, S. & Chinsembu, K.C. (2013). Genetic diversity of Ovambo chickens in the
Oshikoto region of northern Namibia. Biotechnology Research Bulletin 1(2): 41-47
Nashima F.P., Julies E.M. & Samakupa A. (2013). Distribution patterns of spawning stock of
hake maturity stages in the Benguela ecosystem of Namibia. J. Research in Ecology. 2(2):
100-107.
Neema I, Kazembe LN. (2013). Today, tomorrow, forever: A Bayesian ordered categories
model for treatment seeking in febrile children. Int. Sci. Technol. J. Namibia, 1(1-2): 21-34
Okiro E.A., Kazembe L.N., Kabira C.W., Ligomeka J., Noor A.M., Ali D.. Snow R.W.,
(2013). Childhood malaria admission rates to four hospitals in Malawi between 2000 and
2010. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(4): e62214
Oyedele J.A. & Shimboyo S. (2013). Distribution of Radionuclides and Radiation Hazard
Assessment in Soils of Southern Namibia, Southern Africa. Radiation Protection Dosimetry
156: 343-348
Oyedele J.A. Taapopi E. and Shimboyo S. (2013). Distribution of Gamma-Emitting
Radionuclides in the Soils of the Neudamm Campus of the University of Namibia,
Windhoek, Namibia, International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia. 1: 11-14
Palmer, A.R., Samuels, I., Cupido, C., Gabriels, N., Finca, A., Swarts, M.B.V., Mukaru, C.
and Mapaure, I. (2013). Report on biomass production, rangeland use and herbivore
distribution patterns in the semi-arid rangelands in the Leliefontein Communal Area,
Northern cape, South Africa: Towards a plant-herbivore model for semi-arid landscapes
under communal management. Technical Report, Agricultural Research Council, South
Africa.
Pazvakawambwa L, Indongo N, Kazembe LN. (2013). Explaining marital patterns and trends
in Namibia: A regression analyses of the 1992, 2000 and 2006 Demographic Health Survey
data. PLoS ONE, 2013: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070394.
SanJoaquin MA, Allain TJ, Molyneux ME, Benjamin L, Everett DB, Kazembe LN, et al.
(2013). Surveillance Programme of IN-patients and Epidemiology (SPINE): Implementation
of an Electronic Data Collection Tool within a Large Hospital in Malawi. PLoS Med 2013,
10(3): e1001400. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001400.
Shikongo L.T., Chimwamurombe P.M., Lotfy H.R. and Kandawa-Schulz M. (2013).
Antimicrobial screening of crude extracts from the indigenous Ganoderma lucidum
mushrooms in Namibia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(40), 4812-4816.
Singh S. (2013). Self-checking impurity method in liquids, ISTJN, 1: 7.
Thieler, A. M., Backes, M., Fried, R. & Rhode, W. (2013). Periodicity detection in
irregularly sampled light curves by robust regression and outlier detection. Statistical
Analysis and Data Mining, 6(1), 73-89.
Turner W.C., Imologhome P., Havarua Z., Kaaya G.P., Mfune J.K.E., Mpofu I.D.T., and
Getz W.M. (2013). Soil ingestion, nutrition and the seasonality of anthrax in herbivores of
Etosha National Park. Ecosphere. 4(1):13 dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00245.1.
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Uahengo, V., Xiaohu, Z., Tianyou, P., Ping C., & Gongzhen, C. (2013). The Synthesis and
Characterization of Dinuclear Ruthenium Sensitizers And Their Applications in
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production, Spectrochim. Acta Part A 10: 539-544.
Uahengo V., Zhou N., Xiong B., Cai P., Hu K., Cheng G. (2013). Synthesis and
Characterization of a New Dinuclear Platinum(II) alkynyl complex with a Ferrocene Bridge
and It's interaction with Silver Ion, J. Organomet. Chem. 732 (2013) 102-108.
Uzabakiriho, J.D., Shikongo. L., Chimwamurombe, P.M. (2013). First report of Alternaria
tenuissima and Phoma spp co-infecting Tylosema esculentum (Marama bean) seed pods in
Namibia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(1), 32-37
Wanke, H., Dunkeloh, A., Udluft, P., Wanke, A. (2013). A distributed water balance model
to estimate direct groundwater recharge: A case study from the Nhoma and Khaudum
catchments, Namibia. International Science and Technology Journal of Namibia, 2(1), 1132.
Chapters in books
 Agyingi C.A., Haihambo P. and Kunzi H.P.A. (2013). Tight extensions in T0-quasimetric spaces. Festschrift on the occasion of Victor Selivanov’s 60th Birthday, OntosVerlag.
 Kazembe LN. (2013) Mapping socio-economic inequalities in health status among
Malawian children: a mixed model approach. Chapter 5: In Kandala N-B, Ghilagaber G:
Advanced modeling of maternal and child health in Africa. Springer, pp: 85-107
 Klaassen, E.S. & Kwembeya, E.G. (eds.). (2013). A Checklist of Namibian Indigenous
and Naturalised Plants. Occasional Contributions No. 5, National Botanical Research
Institute, Windhoek, Namibia.
 Mapaure, I. (2013). Review of Climate Change in Namibia: Projected trends,
Vulnerability and effects. Chapter 13 (I): In: Ruppel, O.C. and Ruppel-Schlichting (Eds).
Environmental Law and Policy in Namibia: Towards making Africa the Tree of Life.
Fully Revised Second Edition. Hanns Siedel Foundation, Windhoek. Pages 245-264.
ISBN 978-99916-849-9-4.
 Mapaure, I. & Mwandemele, O.D. (2013). The need to conduct research that addresses
Namibia’s socio-economic development goals: A critical review of the role of Higher
Education Institutions. In: Auala, R., Likando, G., Matengu, K. and Wolhuter, C.C.
(Eds). Proceedings of the regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative
and History of Education Society. Education in Africa for the 21st Century, Rundu
Campus, University of Namibia, 11-13 July, 2012, pp. 81-92. ISBN 978-1-86822-637-5.
 Mbale J. (2013). The University Library eLearning Identities Authentication System
(UL-eLDA): Enhanced by Segmented Virtual Machines and VLANs for Deployment in
the sub-Saharan Region. Cloud Computing and Virtualization Technologies in Libraries,
IGI Global, 2014, 1-403, Web, 16th June 2013. Doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4631-5, Release
Date: October, 2013 (Book Chapter) in Press
 Petersen M.A., Hlatshwayo L.N.P., Mukudden-Petersen J., and Gideon F. (2013). Basel
III and liquidity. Chapter 10: Basel III and Liquidity. Economics of Debt, Series:
Economic Issue, Problems and Perspectives; Global Economic Studies. Nova Science
Publishers, New York, ISBN: 978-1-62618-792-4.
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Conference Papers/Proceedings
 Auala J., Sturrock H., Kleinschmidt I., Du Preez I., Bock R.A., Gosling R., Katokele S.
and Mumbengegwi D.R. (2013) Risk Factors for Malaria Transmission in Engela District
of the Ohangwena Region of Northern Namibia. Presented at 6th Pan African Malaria
Conference. Durban, South Africa.
 Biland, A., Anderhub, H. Backes et al. (2013). Towards Robotic Operation of an Imaging
Air Cherenkov Telescope. In: Proc. 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference ICRC,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
 Breitz, T., Anderhub, H. Backes, M. et al. (2013). FACT - The First G-APD Cherenkov
Telescope: Status and Results. In: Proc. 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference
ICRC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 Chinsembu, K.C. (2013). Bioprospecting for green diamonds in Namibia. 1st Annual
Research Conference, Faculty of Science, University of Namibia, Library Auditorium,
Windhoek.
 Daniel S.L. Nagai H., Hara H., & Sato, M. (2013). The 12th International Symposium on
Advanced Technology (ISAT-12). Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Tainan,
Taiwan.
 Daniel S.L. Nagai H. & Sato, M. (2013). 20th International SPACC-20 Symposium,
Changxhu-China.
 Daniel S.L. Nagai H. & Sato, M. (2013). Conference on LED and Its Industrial
Application (LEDIA-`13) Yokohama-Pacifico, Japan.
 Daniel S.L. Nagai H. & Sato, M. (2013). 20th International SPACC-20 Symposium,
Changxhu-China.
 Daniel S.L. Nagai H. & Sato M. (2013). Conference on LED and Its Industrial
Application (LEDIA-`13), Yokohama-Pacifico, Japan.
 Hedimbi, M., Lebea, P. Hans, R. & Chinsembu, K.C. (2013). Inhibitory activities of
ethno-medicinal plants against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Poster presented at the 6th
South African AIDS Conference, International Convention Centre.
 Indongo, N., Angombe, S. & Nickanor N. (2013). Urbanization in Namibia: Views from
semi-formal and informal settlements. University of Namibia, 2013
 Julies, E.M. (2013). RCE in ESD – How to initiate a Regional Centre of Expertise in
Education for Sustainable Development. NEEN Conference. Waterberg, Otjiwarongo,
Namibia
 Julies, E.M., Pool, E.J., Faul A.K. & Amutenya, K. (2013). Endocrine disrupting potential
of three wastewater treatment plants and the Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant in
Namibia. 9th IWA International Conference on Water Reclamation. Safari Hotel,
Windhoek, Namibia.
 Julies, E.M., Pool, E.J. & Faul, A.K. (2013). Endocrine disrupting chemicals in various
wastewater treatment and reclamation plants in Namibia. 14th WATERNET Conference.
Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
 Kadhila-Muandingi, P. N. (2013). Mushroom Research and Development in Namibia.
Faculty of Science 1st Annual Science Research Conference Book of Abstracts, pp.34-35.
Windhoek, Namibia.
46
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Kadhila-Muandingi, P. N. (2013). Industrial Production and Marketing for medicinal
mushrooms. Abstracts of the 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference. Beijing,
China.
Kamona, A.F. (2013). Processing Research Proposals. UNAM Postgraduate School
Workshop. Windhoek.
Kapenda, H. & Mapaure, I. (2013). Research mentorship and capacity building initiatives
at the University of Namibia (UNAM). Paper presented at the Southern African Research
& Innovation Management Association (SARIMA) Conference, Protea Hotel President,
Bantry Bay, Cape Town.
Kazembe, L.N. (2013). Logistic Regression. A course for 2nd CARTA fellows. University
of Witswatersrand.
Kazembe, L.N. (2013). Hierarchical modelling of pneumonia in presence of error-prone
and self-reported outcomes. Tropical Diseases Modelling Network (TDModNet) meeting
on Modelling respiratory infections. School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong.
26th-28th June, 2013.
Kazembe, L.N. (2013). Mapping geographical variability in childhood health: A
Bayesian analysis of DHS data. MEASURE DHS GIS Consultative meeting. ICF
International. Washington. June 10-12, 2013.
Kazembe, L.N. (2013). Generalized Linear Models: Overview and Practicals. School on
Modelling Tools and Capacity Building in Climate and Public Health, International
Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. 15th-29th April, 2013.
Kazembe, L.N. (2013). Expectile and quantile regression and other extensions. School on
Modelling Tools and Capacity Building in Climate and Public Health, International
Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. 15th-29th April, 2013.
Miranda H., Gideon, F. & Mugochi, M. M. (2013). The impact of the Two-Mode
Mathematics Curriculum at the University of Namibia. Proceedings of the ISTE 2013
Conference, UNISA.
Mbale, J. (2013). Bottom-Up eGovernment Environmental Factors (BUeEF): Facilitated
Building and Implementation of eGovernment Systems in the SADC Region. IST-Africa
2013 Conference and Exhibition. Nairobi, Kenya, 29th – 31st May 2013
Mbale J. (2013). African University-Students Applying Course-Knowledge to Upgrade
Used-PCs to Equip ICT-Deficient Rural Schools: Namibian Case-Study. e-Learning
Africa 2013: 8th International Conference on ICT for Development, Education and
Training. Windhoek, Namibia, 29th – 31st May 2013
Mbango, O., Mapaure, I., Kwembeya, E.G., Ulbrich, R., Munyebvu, F. & Younan, R.
(2013). Investigating Fockea multiflora Damage in Ogongo Game Park. Paper presented
at Ogongo Campus Research Day, Ogongo, 15th October, 2013.
Mbango, O., Mapaure, I. and Mpofu, I. (2013). Impacts of livestock on vegetation and
soils nutrients around water points in highland savanna rangelands of central Namibia.
Paper presented at the 48th Congress of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa (GSSA),
Advancing Rangeland Ecology and Pasture Management in Africa, Weesgerus Holiday
Resort, Modimolle, Limpopo Province, South Africa; 16-18 July, 2013.
Mugochi M. (2013). On the smoothness and totally strong properties in nearness frames.
Conference on Topology, Algebra, Geometry and Applications (TAAG2013) University
of Botswana in Gaborone. 11 – 13 September 2013.
47
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Mugochi M. (2013). The impact of the Two-Mode Mathematics Curriculum at the
University of Namibia. October 2013. International Conference on Science and
Technology Education (ISTE), Mopane Lodge in Kruger National Park, RSA.
Nakwafila, A., Wanke, H., Hamutoko, J., Neumbo, F., Petrus, I., David, A., Quinger, M.,
Lohe, C. & Beukes, H. (2013). Hand dug wells in Namibia: An underestimated water
source or a threat to human health? 14th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium. 30
October to 1 November 2013 in Dar Es Salam.
Nafuka S., Bock R.A. & Mumbengegwi D.R. (2013) Bio assay guided fractionation of 3
Namibian ethno medicinal plants for potential anti-plasmodial new chemical entities
Presented at 6th Pan African Malaria Conference. Durban, South Africa.
Neema I. & Johannes A. (2013). Paper Presented at Population Association of Southern
Africa (PASA), 7 – 12 July, 2013, Mafikeng, South Africa.
Nickanor, N. (2013). Addressing Urban Food Insecurity in Windhoek, Namibia
AfricaPortal, Backgrounder No. 59, June 2013.
Nickanor, N. (2013). Women and Urban Food Insecurity in Southern Africa.
AfricaPortal, Backgrounder No. 55, March 2013.
Nickanor, N. & Crush, J. (2013). Food Insecurity among Female Headed Households in
the Informal Settlements of Windhoek, Namibia. Paper Presented at Population
Association of Southern Africa (PASA), 7 – 12 July, 2013, Mafikeng, South Africa.
Nkunika, P.O.Y. & Chinsembu, K.C. (2013). Farmers’ ethnobotanical knowledge of
termiticidal plant uses in Zambia. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on
Pesticidal Plants, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE),
Nairobi, Kenya, 21-24 January 2013. Page 162.
Pendleton, W., Nickanor, N. & Pomuti, A. (2013). The State of Food Insecurity in
Windhoek, Namibia. African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) Food Security
Series No. 14, Cape Town and Kingston
Wanke, A. (2013). Aeolian Contaminant Dispersal from Mine Tailings – A Case Study of
the Namib Lead Mine, Namibia, Conference Proceedings Topical Issues of Rational Use
of Natural Recourses – St Petersburg 2013, p. 191.
Wanke, H., Mulike, P., Petrus, I., Amutenya, D., van Wyk, A., Quinger, M. & Lohe, C.
(2013). Towards a management strategy for fluoride threatened groundwater: A case
study from Namibia. GeoGen2013 – Towards sustainable drinking water supply in
developing countries, Feb 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Wanke, H., Amutenya, D., Petrus, I., Mulike, P., Quinger, M. & Lohe, C. (2013).
Fluoride distribution in groundwater in Namibia and testing of defluoridation techniques
at lab scale. Groundwater Quality Conference (GQ13), April 21-26, 2013 in Gainesville,
Florida USA.
Wanke, H., Kaulikufwa, N. & Hipondoka, M. (2013). Sources of Nitrate in groundwater:
a case study from three areas in central Namibia. Groundwater Quality Conference
(GQ13), April 21-26, 2013 in Gainesville, Florida USA
Wanke, H., Kaulikufwa, N., Kauotjitotje, J. & Hipondoka, M. (2013). Nitrate
contamination in Namibia’s groundwater: Caused by current land use practice or natural
background? 14th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium. 30 October to 1 November
2013 in Dar Es Salam.
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SECTION B. ACTIVITIES OF ACADEMIC CENTRES AND CAMPUSES
CENTRE FOR EXTERNAL STUDIES
DIRECTOR’ STATEMENT
The Centre for External Studies (CES) at the University of Namibia was established to increase
access to higher education through the mode of Open and Distance Learning in Namibia. CES is
committed to Vision 2030 to ensure that Education for All is indeed accessible to all to reach
their full potential and take their place in Namibia. As an Open and Distance Learning (ODL)
Centre, we are committed to quality education that would contribute to the optimal development
of individuals and the socio-economic growth of Namibia. Through the research unit within CES
our aim is to ensure best practice in the areas of study materials, academic support and
technologies that would meet the individual needs of students.
Although CES mainly conduct research in the area of open and distance education, it also has
research links with the various faculties within the University of Namibia. The vast majority of
staff has expertise in diverse areas for example education, nursing, psychology, HIV and AIDS,
communication and science amongst others. Hence CES has established research links with
UNESCO, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in
Southern Africa (WIMSA) and many more Governmental and non- Governmental
Organisations. Staff members belong to various research bodies for example, Distance Education
Association of Southern Africa (DEASA), Namibian Educational Research Association (NERA)
and Namibia Open Learning Network (NOLNET). CES participates in collaborative activities
with other national and international Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions through
NOLNET and other organisations within the Southern African Development Community
(SADC) region, through its participation in DEASA, Namibia Educational Research Association
Executive Committee; Southern African Association of Research in Mathematics, Science and
Technology Education, Distance Learning Task Force (I-TECH) and Commonwealth Institution
of Open Learning.
An Open and Distance Learning conference was hosted by DEASA in Gaborone, Botswana and
two lecturers in CES attended the conference. Many research papers on ODL issues and
challenges were presented by local and international researchers.
CES is sharing various platforms and participate in collective activities with national and
international ODL institutions.
The Centre for External Studies was not active with research activities during the year under
review and emphasis in place to motivate staff to take their research activities very serious.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
The Centre derives its research mandate from the UNAM strategic objective which reads:
Increase and broaden research output in ODL and the following research objectives and areas
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were conducted in 2013. The centre had a low research outcome due to the challenges of
publication as a process:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Improve quality service to Open and Distance Learning (ODL) students through
research;
Collect Empirical evidence to strengthen policy and practice in Open and Distance
Learning (ODL);
Establish inter-research activities with other faculties within the University and ODL
institutions in the region and beyond and to
Develop research activities with the purpose to grow as academics.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal articles
 Nekongo-Nielsen, H. & Mbukusa, N. R. (2013). The Educational Consequences of
teenage pregnancy in the Kavango Region. Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social
Sciences 2(2).
Books and Monographs
 Shikongo, R. (2013). Dialogical mass communication. Saarbrucken: LAP Lambert
Academic Publishing. ISBN:978-3-8433-1741-2
Conference Papers / Proceedings
 Mbukusa, N.R. & Nekongo-Nielsen, H. (2013). Opportunities and Crises as barriers to
education at Mururani Combined School. A Paper Presented at the Southern African
Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES), 10-12 July, Katima Mulilo
Campus, University of Namibia
 Mbukusa, N. R. (2013). Interactive and self-instruction for open and distance learning
materials for Namibian students. A Paper presented at SAT Writers’ Workshop
Programme University of Namibia: Windhoek, 04 – 07 February 2013
 Mbukusa, N. R. (2013) Understanding the Namibian Open and Distance Learner. A
Paper presented at Textbook Utilization Workshop for SCIENCE GRADES 5 – 12, 17-20
June 2013, Otjiwarongo, Out of Africa Hotel.
 Mbukusa, N. R. & Nekongo-Nielsen, H. (2013). Opportunities and Crises as barriers to
education at Mururani Combined School. A Paper Presented at the Southern African
Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES), 10-12 July, Katima Mulilo
Campus, University of Namibia
 Nekongo-Nielsen, H. (2013). The virtual UNAM: Enhancing learning for distance
education students. A paper presented at the EDEN Conference “The joy of learning:
Enhancing learning experience, improving learning quality”, 12 – 15 June 2013, Oslo,
Norway.
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HIFIKEPUNYE POHAMBA CAMPUS
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
The Hifikepunye Pohamba Campus of the University of Namibia recognizes the value of applied
research to education and development related issues in Namibia and beyond. Despite lack of
educational research experiences, particularly at the new campus like ours, we manage to publish
and present papers at various journals and conferences. This, in our opinion, is our humble
contribution.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREA
In its Management Strategic Plan for 2012, HP Campus puts an emphasis on motivating staff and
students to engage in research activities for effective knowledge creation and application. As a
result, the campus set its strategic objective of increasing and broadening research output to
directly respond to the current low level of research output. The following are themes as they
appeared in the Research Agenda.
THEME 1:
THEME 2:
THEME 3:
THEME 4:
THEME 5:
THEME 6:
Promoting the Enhancement and Improvement of the Teaching and Learning of
Mathematics and Science for Sustainable Development in Namibia
Putting Theory into Practice for the Enhancement of Quality Teacher Education
in Namibia
Providing Quality Education through Improved Instruction and Assessment for
Sustainable Development
Enhancing and Promoting the Teaching and Learning of Arts, Languages and
Social Sciences at all Levels of Education
Enhancing Teaching and Learning at the Pre–Lower Primary Phase
Providing Psycho-Social Support to Ensure Effective Inclusive Education
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal Articles
 Iipinge, S.M. (2013). Challenges of Large Class Teaching at The University: Implications
for Continuous Staff Development Activities. Namibia Journal for Educators, (1), 105120.
 Iipinge, S.M. & Kasanda, C.D. (2013). Challenges associated with curriculum
alignment, change and assessment reforms in Namibia. Journals of Assessment in
Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 20:4, 424-441, DOI: 10.
1080/0969594X.2013.839544
 Iipinge, S.M. & Likando, G. (2013). Implementing Universal Primary Education in
Namibia – trends and Challenges. American Journal of Social Science, 2(8), 135-142.
 Iipinge, S.M., Likando, G., Haipinge, E. and Claassen, P. (2013). Student Evaluation at
Windhoek College of Education: Evidence of Quality Assurance to Improve Teaching
and Learning. Journal of Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1).
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Taukeni, S.G. (2013). Accessing child welfare grants to meet orphan children school
needs: Namibia and South Africa perspective. US-China Education Review, 3(9), 716721.
Wilder, H., Feola, D., Villet, C., Boer, P., Iipinge, S.M. (2013). Using Technology to
Facilitate Quality Assurance in teacher Education. Paper presented at e-Learning Africa,
Windhoek, Namibia, 27-29 May 2013.
Conference Papers or Proceedings
 Iipinge, S. M., Miranda, H., & Ashili, S. (2013, September). Using the What is
Happening in this Classroom to investigate learning conditions of large classrooms at
university level. A paper presented at the UNAM Annual Educational Conference.
 Iipinge, S.M. and Likando, G. (2013). Implementing Universal Primary Education in
Namibia – trends and Challenges. Paper presented at the Southern African Comparative
and History of Education (SACHES), 9-12 July 2013.
 Iipinge, S.M. and Likando, G. (2013). Management of Universal Primary Education
Funds in Namibia: A critical Reflection. Paper presented at the UNAM Annual Education
Conference, 10-12 September 2013.

Miranda, H., Gideon, F., & Mugochi, M. (2013). The impact of the two-mode curriculum
on students’ performance in first year mathematics at the University of Namibia. A paper
presented at the ISSTE Conference.
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KATIMA MULILO CAMPUS
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
The management of the Katima Mulilo Campus, University of Namibia has worked round the
clock during the year under review to encourage and promote research as well as dissemination
of research outputs. As pointed in the year 2012 research report, we have sustained the call on
senior Faculty members to consider co-authorship or collaborative research with junior Faculty
members to give them exposure to research and the nitty-gritties of academic writing for
publishing. This is gradually receiving encouraging responses as most of the senior colleagues
are now involving the junior academics in matters of research interest which we hope will be
sustained. For example in the year 2013, about five (5) research papers presented at the Southern
Africa Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES) conference hosted by the
Katima Mulilo Campus were co-authored. In furtherance of the Campus management’s resolve
to encourage research, academic staff members were communicated to about the fund available
in the campus research budget and encouraged to utilize it as the financial year draws to an end.
Following this, the research works started but completed early 2014 and also published in peer
reviewed journals will be reflected in the year 2014 research report. During the 2013 research
year also, the Department of Wildlife Management and Eco-tourism, Faculty of Agriculture and
Natural Resources engaged in quantitative studies by means of the line transect method on the
species and dominance structure of breeding avian communities in two different habitats:
Zambezi Forest and Mopane Savanna in the Zambezi Region. The department also used the
mapping method to estimate the densities of all bird species in Katima Mulilo town and carried
out other studies on the population dynamics of ungulates in Waterberg Plateau Park and Etosha
National Park. These studies were done in collaboration between the senior and junior
colleagues. Recognising the gains of collaborative research, the Katima Mulilo Campus’
research outlook now seeks to actively involve students and give them early exposure to research
issues.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
The Katima Mulilo Campus stronlgy encourages publications of research findings in peer
reviewed journals and also conference/seminar attendance where academics can present their
research works, interact with professional colleagues and update their subjects knowledge. In the
effort towards having a working research agenda document; the campus has now set up it’s own
research committee which is saddled with the responsibility of developing a five-year research
agenda for the campus and also coordinate and advice colleagues on research matter. At the
moment, compilation of the research agenda document has reach advanced stage. The agenda is
being developed around the research expertise available in the two faculties on the campus: the
Faculty of Education and Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Thus, the agenda
focussed on the following braod themes:
i. Teaching-learning qualities and improvements.
ii. Environmental and Agriculture issues.
iii. Wildlife and Ecotuorism.
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These broad areas are very strategic to the Campus teaching, research and community
engagement activities.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
During the 2013 research year, the Katima Mulilo Campus recorded very impressive
publications with a total of 16 articles in peer reviewed journals, 2 book chapters and 6
conferences proceedings.
Journal articles:
 Abah, J., Mashebe, P. & Denuga, D.D. (2013). The Learning challenges and
pedagogical perspective in a complex education system. Asian Journal of Education
and e-Learning 1(5): 311-316
 Kopij, G. (2013). Diet of the Barn Owl in northeast and northwest Oregon.
Northwestern Naturalist, 94(1): 76-79.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Food niche overlap in co-existing Barn Owl Tytoalba (Scopoli
1769) and Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianusGmelin 1788 in intensively used
farmland. Polish Journal of Ecology, 61(1): 179-181.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Avian diversity on the sandstone cliff outskirts of the
Maloti/Drakensberg ‘hot-spot’ area in southern Africa. VestnikZoologii, 47(3), e41e46.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Extent of overlap between two Common Fiscal Laniuscollaris
subspecies in Lesotho. Bulletin of British Ornithological Club, 133 (2): 157-160.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Reproductive performance in relation to population dynamics in the
White Stork Ciconiaciconia nesting in neighboring woodland and farmland.Alauda,
81(3): 233-236.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Seasonal changes in avian assemblages in Kaokoland (Mopane)
Savanna in the Ogongo Game Reserve, north-central Namibia. International Science
& Technology Journal of Namibia, 2(1): 44-58.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Avian assemblages of river gorges in the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘hotspot’ region, southern Africa. Zoology & Ecology, 23(3): 171-182.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Comparison of breeding bird communities in the interior and on the
edge of Tilio-Carpinetumhornbeam. Cas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A): 62, 119-124.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Seasonal and altitudinal variations in an avian assemblage in an
inselbergOlea-Buddleia vegetation in the dry Cymbopogon-Themedagrassveld, South
Africa. Ornithological Observations, 4: 158-167.
http://oo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=104.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Avian Assemblages in Natural and Modified Koakoland (Mopane)
Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, North-Central Namibia. Lanioturdus, 46(5):
22-33. www.namibia.birdclub.org
 Kopij, G. (2013). Distribution, abundance and habitat of Palearctic migrants in
Lesotho (Maloti/Drakensberg region). Ornis Svecica, 23, 123-129.
 Kopij, G. (2013). Nesting sites of the Cape Sparrow Passer melanurus in
Maloti/Drakensber, southern Africa. International Studies on Sparrows, 37: 28-31.
54
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Matakala, V. Tshabangu, I & Zulu, A. (2013). Enhancing the quality of teaching and
learning in Namibian higher education through reflective practice. Journal for
Educational reform in Namibia. No. 24 ISSN 1022-6087 p50-59.
Mukwambo, M. & Zulu, A. (2013). Distilling water for Science practical lessons in
under- resourced schools: Challenges faced by teachers in Caprivi Region, Namibia.
Journal for Educational reform in Namibia. No. 24 ISSN 1022-6087 p19-29
Tshabangu, I., Matakala, V., & Zulu, A. (2013). Equitable Access to Higher
Education: Trends, Commodification and quality dimensions in Namibia,
International Journal of Education 5 (1). ISSN 1948-5476 Macrothink Institute, Las
Vegas http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ije/issue/current
Chapters in Books
 Kangumu, B. & Likando, G. (2013), ‘Mission Education in the eastern Caprivi Strip
during the colonial times, c1920s – ca1964’, in R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu &
C.C. Wolhuter, (eds.), Education in Africa for the 21st Century (Proceedings of the
regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of
Education Society, University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012).
 Matengu, K.K., Likando, g. & Kangumu, B. (2013), ‘In Search of Equity and Access
in Higher Education in Namibia: Challenges and Achievements’, in Alexander W.
Wiseman, Charl C. Wolhuter (eds.), The Development of Higher Education in Africa:
Prospects and Challenges (International Perspectives on Education and Society,
Volume 21), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 187-213.
Conference book of proceedings
 Enghono, A. M., & Ngcoza, K. (2013). Investigating opportunities of enhancing the
learning and teaching of biological concepts by incorporating trainee teachers’ prior
everyday knowledge and experiences during Biology lessons. Paper presented at the
UNAM Annual Educational Conference (Educon, 2013) held at the Khomasdal
Campus, University of Namibia, 10 -12 September 2013, Windhoek.
 Matakala, V., Tshabangu, I. & Zulu, A. (2013). Open and Distance Education in
Higher Education: Evaluating Quality provision through student perceptions in
Namibia. Paper presented at the UNAM Annual Educational Conference (Educon,
2013) held at the Khomasdal Campus, University of Namibia, 10 -12 September
2013, Windhoek.
 Mukwambo, M. & Zulu, A. (2013). Understanding the challenges of how trainee
teachers source distilled water for practical work in science in under-resourced
schools in Namibia: A case study. Paper presented at the 2013 Southern African
Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES) Conference, July 10 -12,
2012, Katima Mulilo Campus, University of Namibia
 Mukwambo, M. & Zulu, A. (2013). Teachers’ perceptions on the use of situated
cognition: Implications for indigenous knowledge. Paper presented at DETA, Nairobi,
31 July to 1 August 2013. www.deta.up.ac.za/presentations
 Sitali-Mubanga, G.N. (2013). The genocide of indegenous languages: A situation of
the Zambian educational system. Paper presented at the 2013 Southern African
Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES) Conference, July 10 -12,
2012, Katima Mulilo Campus, University of Namibia
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
Zulu, A. (2013). Role parameters within the context of the practicum triad;
Perspectives from Namibia’s Caprivi Region,
7th International Technology,
Education and Development Conference, INTED2013 Proceedings : ISBN 978-84616-2661-8 [Editor: IATED] Valencia, Spain,www.inted2013.org
Significant Events, Achievements and Milestones
During the year under review, Katima Mulilo Campus successfully hosted the 2013 Southern
African Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES)’s Conference held between
July 10th-12th, 2013 where academic staff members took the best advantage to present papers,
paticipate actively and synergize with professional colleagues from other Campuses and
Universities to update their subjects knowledge and research focus. The renewed vigour
generated in the academics by the SACHES Conference also led to impressive participation in
the 2013 Annual Education Conference hosted by University of Namibia Khomasdal campus
between the 10th -12th September, 2014. Sequel to this, the academics appeared to have gotten
into the research spririt considering the participations and interests shown in research
discussions during the 2013 research day. On the oral history research project being intiated in
the last quarter of 2012 for collaboration between Katima Mulilo Campus and the University of
Eastern Finland; two of the research team: Prof. Maria Lähteenmäki and Prof. Alfred Colpaert of
the University of Eastern Finland visited the campus in May 2013 to work out the schdeules of
the research activities in which the field works were fixed for 2014. Report writings
dissemination of findings will follow in 2015 at an international conference to be hosted by the
University of Eastern Finland and then a follow up workshop at the Katima Mulilo campus in
2016. As part of our campus new research strategies, it is important to mention that two of our
senior students have be coopted into this project as research assistants and have now been trained
to collect oral testimonies and to translate/transcribe such. With these development, we are
confident that if the tempo is sustained, there will be greater success story in our 2014 research
report.
56
KHOMASDAL CAMPUS
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
The main mandate of Khomasdal campus is to train teachers in Primary Education. Therefore
this is also the main area of research. While we have only two PhD holders on campus, currently
four staff members are enrolled for PhD studies and ten for Masters studies.
Because of proximity, Khomasdal campus cooperates closely with the lecturers and management
of the Faculty of Education on Main campus on various levels. Staff members are therefore
involved in projects across campuses.
Currently the campus is involved in the following research projects:
 Alexander. A.S. & Kirchner, E. The reading habits/behavior and preferences of African
children: the Namibian chapter in collaboration with UNISA (URPC/2011/37). This
research is conducted in collaboration with the Namibian Children’s Book Forum and the
University of South Africa. The final report should be available early in 2014.
 Alexander C. (Member of CIAS research group). Class assessment practices in the
Primary Phases – LP (Literacy and Numeracy) and UP (English and Mathematics)
 Department of Early Childhood development and Lower Primary Education (Primary
researcher: Moller, J. & Villet, C. B. (2013). Factors influencing low Pre-and Lower
Primary student intake. Accepted by NERA Journal for publication.
 Department of Early Childhood and Lower Primary Education (Researchers:
Nghikembua, T., Poulton-Busler, R., Frindt, T., and Feris, L.). Early Grade Reading
Assessment of Pre- and Lower Primary students at the University of Namibia. The pilot
study was concluded in 2012.
 February, P.J., Moller, J., Feris, L., Nghikembua, T. & !Gontes, K. Grapho-learn
Research Project. September 2012 – September 2014, Niilo Maki Institute and the
University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
 Möller, J. with ECLPE Department, FoE Main campus, NIED, MoE participants.
Capacity development for quality in the pre and lower primary teacher education in
Namibia (Chinese funds in trust/UNESCO) 2013/2014.
The research direction and focus areas of the campus can be summarized as follows:
Research Direction: Teacher Education and Training
Focus Areas: Education for the Lower Primary Phase
 Teaching and learning in Literacy and numeracy
Education for the Upper Primary Phase
 Teaching and learning in Arts and Humanities
 Reading and reading preferences
Factors influencing quality (teacher) education in Namibia
 Student enrolment in teacher education
 Assessment of reading in student teachers
 Assessment practices in schools
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The following academic papers and publications were produced by members of the campus, also
in collaboration with other Faculty members:
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal articles
 Iipinge, S.M., Likando, G., Haipinge, E. & Claassen, P. (2013). Student Evaluation at
Windhoek College of Education: Evidence of Quality Assurance to Improve Teaching
and Learning. Journal of Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2 (1): 87-93.
Moller J. & Villet, C. B. (2013). Factors Influencing the low intake into Pre- and Lower
Primary Teacher Education in Namibia. Peer reviewed
for NERA. Accepted for
publication.
Chapters in Books
 Haipinge, E. (2013). Using Facebook Mobile as a tool to create a virtual learning
community for pre-service teachers. In Ferris, S.P. & Wilder, H.A. (Eds.), The PluggedIn Professor: Tips and techniques for teaching with social media (pp. 289 - 299). Oxford:
Chandos Publishing.
http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=2675&ChandosTitle=1
(see Part 4: Integrative Learning)
Conference proceedings
 Kirchner, E. & Tötemeyer, A-J. (2013). Are children reading out there? First results of a
Namibian study. 5th Annual Research conference, FHSS, UNAM, 26 – 27 September
2013 AND at IBBY/UNISA Symposium on Children’s Literature and Reading in Africa
16 – 17 September 2013, Pretoria.
 Kirchner, E., Alexander, S. & Tötemeyer, A-J. (2013). The work of the Namibian
Children’s Book Forum. UNISA Symposium on Children’s Literature and Reading in
Africa 16 – 17 September 2013, Pretoria.
 Kirchner, E. Analysing. (2013). EMIS Data: the case of Afrikaans. 5th annual research
Colloquium, Department of Language and Literature studies, FHSS, UNAM, 1 August
2013.
 Kirchner, E. (2013). First results of a study on reading behaviour: - Poster presentation.
8th Annual RASA Conference 25 – 27 October 2013, Johannesburg.
 Alexander, C. & Chainda, A. (2013). The Evolution of a pre-service educational
technology course: IMTE. Paper presented at E-learning Africa 2013 Conference, April
2013.
 Lushetile V. M. & Scott, A. (2013). What we have learnt: Student teachers views of the
quality of mentoring and teaching in Namibian secondary schools. Paper delivered at the
UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10
– 12 September 2013.
 Nghikembua,T. , Pouton-Busler, R., Feris. L. & Frindt, T. (2013). Reading competence
of Pre- and Lower Primary students at Khomasdal Campus. Paper delivered at the
UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10
– 12 September 2013.
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Frindt, T. (2013). Investigating “Teacher Math talk” in a Pre-primary school setting.
Paper delivered at the UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia:
Trends and Practices; 10 – 12 September 2013.
Moller, J. & Villet, C. (2013). Factors Influencing the low intake in pre-and lower
primary education in Namibia. Paper delivered at the UNAM Annual Education
Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10 – 12 September 2013.
Kirchner, E. (2013). Those little liars! Reporting on a pilot study on reading preferences.
Paper delivered at the UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia:
Trends and Practices; 10 – 12 September 2013.
Muller, P. (2013). How to make the Upper Primary Literature Lesson a significant and
stimulating experience, using the Eclectic Approach and the Suggestopedia. Paper
delivered at the UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends
and Practices; 10 – 12 September 2013.
Karumazondo, I, Nel, R. & Van der Smit, S. (2013). Arts: A tool of integration to
promote learning. Interactive presentation. Paper delivered at the UNAM Annual
Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10 – 12 September
2013.
Peters, B., & Keyter, C. (2013). Integrating nutrition into the Upper Primary Mathematics
Syllabus. Paper delivered at the UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in
Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10 – 12 September 2013.
Poulton-Busler, R. (2013). The integration of pre-primary education into mainstream
primary schools: Implications for management and leadership. Paper delivered at the
UNAM Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10
– 12 September 2013.
Wittmann, R. (2013). The use of games in Social Sciences. Paper delivered at the UNAM
Annual Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10 – 12
September 2013.
Moller, J. (2013). Differentiated Instruction. Paper delivered at the UNAM Annual
Education Conference: Education in Namibia: Trends and Practices; 10 – 12 September
2013.
59
LANGUAGE CENTRE
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
The mandate of the Language Centre is to serve as the centre for language learning, teaching and
research. The key focus is the upgrading of competence in the use of English, offer a variety of
foreign and Namibian languages and also provides translation and consultancy services by
offering tailor-made courses to the wider public and business community in Windhoek, Oshakati,
Ongwediva, Rundu and Katima Mulilo.
As a national centre of language excellence, the Language Centre endeavours to serve students,
staff of the university, and the broader community.
"If communication is the life blood of human relationships and knowledge in every field of
human thinking, reasoning and interaction…" as said by Littlewood, then the Language Centre
can only be relevant if it engages in research that seeks to explore best practices in language
teaching and learning.
Research strategic direction and focus
The major strategic issue regarding research in 2013 was to build research capacity among the
Language Centre staff which was very low and needed improvement. As a result the LC
management encouraged staff members to publish from their master thesis or to work in groups.
To some extent this research strategy did not yield good results as most of the staff members
claimed that they were still working on their studies. The following are research strategic
direction and focus areas as outlined in the Centre draft Research Agenda.
Language Teaching and Learning
Research under this theme will focus on issues pertaining to language testing, vocabulary
acquisition language for specific purposes, writing skills development, discourse and genre
analysis, material development, evaluation, language teaching methods in large classes and those
tailored to the need of Namibian students, etc.
Language Planning
Research will investigate language policy issues, effect of English on Namibian languages,
multilingualism, code switching, language development (e.g. dictionaries for minority
languages) and maintenance, including indigenous languages, etc.
Language and Technology
This research will investigate the impact of language on organisational absorptive capacity
enhancement, the role of language on social capital creation, language and knowledge networks,
stories and knowledge transfer, the link between knowledge and language, etc.
60
Language Centre Core Capabilities
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Teaching the four language skills
Teaching language-related special courses
Text and discourse analysis
Vocabulary development
Code switching
Language curriculum development
Other Language Centre Capabilities
 Organisational learning and development
 Technology transfer and innovation
 Workplace learning
 Ability to provide training and consultancy in areas of our specialisation
RESEARCH OUTPUT
List of Publications
Journal articles
 Willemse, L. (2013). Establishing the academic reading needs of Biochemistry 1
Students. Journal of International Scientific Publications, 7(12).

Hamakali, H.P.S. (2013). An Examination of Korean student’s pronunciation of
English consonants: The relationship perception and production. Journal for Studies in
Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1).
61
MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH CENTRE
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
Research is the core business at the Multidisciplinary Research Centre. The year 2013 was an
active year for the MRC where we made increased efforts to reach out to new research partners
and disseminate our research findings to the broader community. Researchers at MRC have
been actively involved in research activities of diverse nature which were aligned to positively
contribute to the achievements of the UNAM strategic objectives; the main research related
strategic objectives being increasing and broadening of research output.
MRC as a research centre of the University of Namibia continues to strengthen research
collaboration with UNAM faculties and stakeholders from public and private sectors as well as
partners within the region and beyond. MRC recognizes the expertise within faculties and tap
into it by including relevant faculty in research teams that are constituted for all research
programmes. The current National Developmental Plan (NDP4, 2013-2017) addresses issues
pertaining to economic development, and the sectors and enablers on which a vibrant economy
can be sustainably based. The MRC strengthened its research efforts in such priority areas and
developed a 5-year research agenda describing research programs and activities that will be
conducted to contribute to enablers for NDP4.
MRC’s research strategy is to provide relevant and accurate research information in various
areas ranging from health, education, biodiversity, climate change, socio ecological systems,
gender, IKS, etc. for policy decision making and programme interventions.
ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
Some of the research programmes which were active in 2013 are listed below. A number of these
were implemented in collaboration with faculties and in partnership with stakeholders.
a) Research study on Clinical audit on facility based causes of maternal deaths in five regions in
Namibia in collaboration with MOHSS and IntraHealth.
b) Research study on perceptions of health workers in delivering maternal and neonatal health
care.
c) A UNAM branding survey
d) A Research study on the Knowledge, attitude and practices and behaviour patterns with
regards to HIV/AIDS among first year student at the University of Namibia.
e) Research study on Disaster and risk management in the Ompundja village
f) Research study on the scope of procurement and the need and relevance of procurement
finance in Namibia in partnership with Namibia Procurement Fund and Ministry of Trade
and Industry.
g) Research study on gender based violence which covered the following aspects:
 Public Health and GBV
 Educational Campaigns on GBV
 Property Grabbing in Northern Namibia: A Study of the Narratives of Survivors
in the Kavango And Oshikoto Regions
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h)
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p)
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s)
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v)
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Gender Based Violence: Systems Response vs Personal Agency.
Indigenous Knowledge in Reproductive Practices and Health Care and Gender
Based Violence
 Social structures (religion, culture, family systems respond to GBV in the
northern part of Namibia.
 Economic Costs of Gender Based Violence (GBV) IN Namibia
Management of natural ecosystems: Wildlife management, restoration and reforestation
A socio economic baseline survey for the Kavango Zambezi Transfontier Conservation Area
(KAZA TFCA) which includes Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Employment creation by land reform programs in commercial land, Namibia, funded by
Ministry of Lands and Resettlement
The population biology of indigenous plans of conservation priority focused on the
expansion of data collection on the Moringa species to other tree species.
Research study on the Welwitschia excavations study involved the collection of soil sample
for analyses, and the preliminary data analyses.
Restoration ecology and the rehabilitation of degraded land through mining at the Navachab
Gold mine.
Nutritional analysis and characterisation of indigenous fruits and vegetables
Research study on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of Oshikundu
Research study on the Microbiological quality of Namibian fermented milk from NorthEastern Namibia.
Essential Oils of Namibian aromatic plants from North-Western Namibia.
Chemical Composition of Namibian Olive Oil in Comparison to Spanish and Italian Olive
Oil Marketed in Namibia.
Research and development of medicinal plants used to treat malaria, cancer and microbial
infections.
Research study on ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants uses in Omaheke region.
Research and development of medicinal plants used to treat malaria, cancer and microbial
infections.
Research study on the transmission of malaria in north central Namibia.
Research study on the development of a wind power demonstration plant in Luderitz.
Research study on the Stakeholders Perception of the Namibia Airports Company (NAC).
The MRC’s proactive approach to resource mobilization through proposal bore fruit as we
secured funding support for the following projects: These projects are to be implemented for the
year 2014/2015.
 Water management and governance in Namibia rural communities(NCRST/NRF)
 Assessing ecological knowledge and adaptations to climate and environmental change
amongst rural communities along an aridity gradient from Namibia to South Africa
(NCRST/NRF).
 Ethnobotanical knowledge on medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Kavango
region, Namibia (NCRST/NRF).
 Indigenous knowledge in reproductive practices and health care and intergenerational
comparative study of Namibian and South African women.
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Development and optimisation of high through put screens targeting plasmodium
falciparum malaria in opening avenues for new drug development in Namibia (UNAM
Research and Publications Office)
Malaria transmission study in northern Namibia (Subcontract from UCSF funded by The
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)
Targeted malaria parasite elimination in the Zambezi region (Subcontract from UCSF
funded by The Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development)
Other research activities include a stakeholder’s workshop which resulted in the development of
a 5 years research agenda. The exercise involved the revision of research projects and realigning
them with the National Development programmes. It also saw the development of new research
programmes, such as:
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Research and Development of cereal based and traditional vegetables products for
technology transfer to SMEs
Adaptation of BER building index model for Namibia construction industry
Assessment of women role in political and social leadership
Furthermore, on capacity building, three MRC researchers were on staff development working
towards their doctoral degrees. Dr Alfons Mosimane graduated with a PhD in 2013. The MRC
had (8) postgraduates research fellows working towards master’s degree. Four completed their
studies and due to graduate with MSc by research in 2014. The Centre took on 4 new
postgraduate fellows who secured scholarships for their MSc studies. Two received DAAD
scholarships, one a SABINA scholarship and one a fellowship from the UCSF.
In addition, Researchers received training from Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for
Scientific and Industrial Research, Foundation for Innovative and Novel Diagnostics and UCSF,
Perkin-Elmer. Researchers also visited institutions in RSA to increase network and share
experiences. Institutions visited include CSIR, University of Pretoria, Human Sciences Research
Centre (a Memorandum of Understanding for research collaboration was signed) and the
Institute for Poverty Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) at the University of Western Cape.
Apart from building regional networks, MRC reached out to share experience with staff at the
Northern campuses (Oshakati, Ogongo, Hifikepunye Pohamba, Ongwediva) to discuss research
issues and potential collaboration with MRC.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
The MRC implements its research programs through strong research collaborations with the
faculty of science, faculty of humanities and partnerships as part of research networks and line
ministries. The research findings were published and listed as follow:
Journal articles
 Bille, P.G., Shikongo-Nambabi, M., & Cheikhyoussef, A. (2013). Value addition and
processed products of three indigenous fruits in Namibia. African Journal of Food,
Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13(1), 7192-7212.
64
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Pazvakawambwa, L., Indongo, N., Kazembe, L.N. (2013). Explaining marital patterns
and trends in Namibia: A Regression Analysis of 1992, 2000 and 2006 Demographic and
Survey Data. PLoS ONE, 8 (8):
Mannan, H., ElTayeb, S., MacLachlan, M., Amin, M., McVeigh, J., Munthali, A., & Van
Rooy, G. (2013). Core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in the
mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan. International Journal of Mental
Health Systems, 20 (7), 7.
Cheikhyoussef, A., & Embashu, W. (2013). Ethnobotanical knowledge on indigenous
fruits in Ohangwena and Oshikoto regions in Northern Namibia. Journal of Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine, 9:34.
Amadhila, E., Shaamhula, L., Van Rooy, G., & Siyambango, N., 2013, ‘Disaster risk
reduction in the Omusati and Oshana regions of Namibia’, Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster
Risk Studies 5(1), Art. #65, 9 pages. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/jamba.v5i1.65.
Nantanga, K. K. M., Bertoft, E., & Seetharaman, K. (2013), Structures of human salivary
amylase hydrolysates from starch processed at two water concentrations. Starch/Stärke,
65: 637–644. doi: 10.1002/star.201200204.
Mosimane, A.W., McCool, S. F., Brown, P., Ingrebretson, J. (2013). Using mental
models in the analysis of human wildlife conflict from a social ecological perspective,
Namibia. Fauna and Flora International, Oryx, pp. 1-7.
Likuwa, K.M. (2013). Review of ‘Liberating Namibia: The Long Diplomatic Struggle
between the United Nations and South Africa.’ The Journal of African History, 54, Issues
02/July 2013, pp. 296-297. Doi: 10.1017/s0021853713000418.
Nantanga, K. K. M., Chan, E., Suleman, S., Bertoft, E. &, Seetharaman, K. (2013).
Differences in structures of starch hydrolysates using saliva from different individuals.
Starch/Stärke, 65: 709–713. doi: 10.1002/star.201200216.
Nantanga, K. K. M., Bertoft, E., & Seetharaman, K. (2013). Structure of starch
hydrolysates following in vitro oral digestion: effect of botanical source of starch and
hydrothermal treatments. Starch/Stärke, 65: 885–891. doi: 10.1002/star.201200253.
Shiponeni, N. N., Carrick, P. J., Allsopp, N., & Hoffman, M. T. (2013). Effects of root
competition and soils on seedling establishment at the ecotone between an arid grassland
and succulent shrubland in South Africa. Journal of Vegetation Science. doi:
10.1111/jvs.12082.
Embashu, W., Cheikhyoussef, A., Kahaka, G., & Lendelvo, S. (2013). Processing
methods of Oshikundu, a traditional beverage from sub-tribes within Aawambo culture in
the northern Namibia. Journal of Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 117127.
MuAshekele, H., & Schier, C. (2013). Diffusion of an innovative prepaid mobile phone
system in Namibia. Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 1(15), 316334.
MuAshekele, H., Embashu, W., & Cheikhyoussef, A. Indigenous knowledge system best
practices from Namibia: the case of oshikundu processing methods. Trends in Applied
Sciences Research.
Shirungu, M., & Cheikhyoussef, A. (2013). Discourses of ethno-botanical knowledge on
mental illness in Kavango region north-eastern part of Namibia. Proceeding of the 4th
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International SIKSP/SA – MOZ Conference UWC, Cape Town. October 29-31 2013.pp:
256- 262.
Van Rooy, G. & Mufune, P. (2013). Experiences and perceptions of HIV/AIDS and sex
among people with disabilities in Windhoek, Namibia. Sex and Disability DOI
10.1007/s11195-014-9343-y.
Nafuka, S.N., & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013). Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of selected ethnomedicinal plants used to treat malaria associated
symptoms in northern Namibia. Int. Sci. Technol. J. Namibia, 2(1), 69-83.
Van Rooy, G., & Minnaar, A. (2013). Psycho-social characteristics of male perpetrators
of Intimate partner Violence in Namibia. Acta Criminologica 26(2).
Kadhila-Muandingi N.P., Nametso O., Du Preez I., & Mumbengegwi D.R. (2013).
Antiplasmodial activity of indigenous Ganoderma lucidum and Terfezia pfeilii Namibian
mushrooms. Journal of Parasitology. Photon, 104: 186-193.
Amadhila, E., Van Rooy, G., McVeigh, J., Mannan, H., MacLachlan, M., & Amin, M.
(2013). Equity and Core Concepts of Human Rights in Namibian Health Policies.
Harvard Policy Journal, 8: 2012-2013.
Conference papers/proceedings
 Indongo N., Angombe S., & Nickanor, N. (2013). Urbanisation in Namibia: Causes And
Consequences, Views From Semi-Formal And Informal Urban Settlements: Population
Association Of Southern Africa, 8th Annual Conference: Population, Health And
Development, North-West University, 10th - 12th July 2013.
 Nakanyala, J., Lendelvo, S., &, Kimaro, S. (2013) Tourists Visitation Profile and Level of
Satisfaction in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Atlas Africa Conference in Kigali,
Rwanda.
 Embashu, W., &, Cheikhyoussef, A. &, Kahaka, G. (2013). Physicochemical and
nutritional analysis of Oshikundu: traditional fermented beverage from Namibia EFFoST
Annual Meeting Italy 12-15 November.
 Heita, L., &, Cheikhyoussef, A. (2013). Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of
traditional fermented milk from north central and north-eastern Namibia. International
Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology BioMicroWorld2013, Madrid (Spain), 2-4 October 2013.
 MuAshekele, H., & Davidson, I. (2013). Benguela Community-UNAM Wind-Power
Demonstration Project - Experiences in Implementation 12th International Workshop on
Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission
Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants London, United Kingdom Date: 22-24 October
2013.
 Dushimemaria, F. & Mumbengegwi D.R. (2013). Investigation of the Antineoplastic
Properties of Namibian Indigenous Plants: Colophospermum mopane and Schinziophyton
rauntanenii. Aortic 2013 Conference, Durban, South Africa 21-24 November.
 Du Preez, I., & Mumbengegwi D.R. (2013). Assessment of Guibourtia coleosperma and
Diospyros chamaethamnus extracts for in vitro antiplasmodial activity in Namibia. 6th
MIM Pan-African Malaria Conference 2013 6-11 October, Durban, South Africa.
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Nafuka, S., & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013). Bio-assay guided fractionation of 3 Namibian
ethno-medicinal plants for discovery of novel anti-plasmodial compounds. 6th MIM PanAfrican Malaria Conference 2013 6-11 October, Durban, South Africa.
Tambo, M., & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013). The use of Loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP) and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as quality assurance tools for
malaria diagnosis using Rapid Diagnostics Tests (RDT) in Northern Namibia. 6th MIM
Pan-African Malaria Conference 2013 6-11 October, Durban, South Africa.
Auala, J., Mumbengegwi, D.R., Sturrock, H., Kleinschimdt, I., Gosling, R, & Bock, R.
(2013). Risk factors for malaria transmission in Engela District of the Ohangwena region
of Northern Namibia. 6th MIM Pan-African Malaria Conference 2013 6-11 October,
Durban, South Africa.
Lendelvo S & Mfune J (2013). Benefits of wildlife translocation to communities: Nyae
Nyae Conservancy, Namibia INSAKA Conference.
Auala, J., & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013) Risk factors for malaria transmission in Engela
District of the Ohangwena region of Northern Namibia. Faculty of Science 1st Annual
Science Research Conference. Oct 25-26.
Tambo, M., & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013). The use of Loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP) and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as quality assurance tools for
malaria diagnosis using Rapid Diagnostics Tests (RDT) in northern Namibia. Faculty of
Science 1st Annual Science Research Conference. Oct 25-26.
Nafuka, S. & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013). Fractionation of indigenous medicinal plants
extracts as a method to improve anti-malaria activity. Faculty of Science 1st Annual
Science Research Conference. Oct 25-26.
Dushimemaria, F. & Mumbengegwi, D.R. (2013). Anticancer and cytotoxicity properties
of phytochemical compounds present in Namibia indigenous plants. Faculty of Science 1st
Annual Science Research Conference. Oct 25-26.
Nantanga, K. (2013). Micro-nutrient analysis of Oshikundu: A traditional fermented
beverage from Namibia. Towards a better understanding of type 2 diabetes: what are the
structures of starch hydrolysates by luminal amylases. Faculty of Science 1st Annual
Science Research Conference. Oct 25-26.
Lendelvo, S. (2013). The importance of monitoring systems for translocated ungulate
species in communal conservancies: A case of Nyae Nyae Conservancy. Faculty of
Science 1st Annual Science Research Conference. Oct 25-26.
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Dr Davis Mumbengegwi (left) discussing the
nutritional importance of indigenous foods
Dr. Ahmad Cheikhyoussef (left) and his research team holding a feedback session on the
documentation of indigenous medicinal knowledge
MRC research team supporting a local initiative
to indicate roads and water levels using poles in flooded areas.
68
SAM NUJOMA MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES RESAERCH
CENTRE
DIRECTOR’S REPORT
The Sam Nujoma Marine and Coastal Resources Research Centre (SANUMARC) is a Research
Unit of the University of Namibia with focus on the marine and coastal environment.
The management of the Centre in 2013 was led by Prof. Edosa Omoregie and Dr. Diina
Shuuluka as Director and Deputy Director respectively. In accordance with the University
strategic planning, 2013 saw the eventual relocation of the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences from the Main Campus in Windhoek to the Centre. This was a huge success for the
University as the relocation of the Department has been on the drawing board of the University
Management since its inception in 1996.
SANUMARC being a Research Centre do not offer degree programmes. However, the Centre do
have excellent research facilities upon which several students from the Department of Fisheries
and Aquatic Sciences and other allied Departments from within the University do from time to
time use for practical training and research. The Centre continued to serve as research base for
both local and international university students in 2013. Students from the Astrakhan State
Technical University in Russia and Cape Peninsula University of Technology spent up to three
months at the Centre.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
The Centre’s vision is to become a Centre of Excellence in Science and Technology research in
marine and coastal resources, in order to contribute to global efforts in promoting food security
and eradicate poverty. With this vision in mind and guided by its mission, the Centre strengthen
its international collaborations in 2013 with the view of enhancing its research capabilities for
the years ahead.
The following research activities were carried out in 2013 by both staff and postgraduate
students attached to the Centre:
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Laboratory cultivation of the macro-algae; Laminaria pallida and Gracilariopsis funicularis.
The objectives of this research include the development of a seaweed hatchery and ongrowing methodologies for Laminaria pallida as well as growing of vegetative materials of
Gracilariopsis funicularis. The life cycle of Laminaria pallida was successfully completed in
laboratory culture.
Induced spawning of the Pacific Oyster under laboratory conditions.
Microalgae cells consumption by spats of Crassostrea gigas and the effect of different
microalgae species on growth of spats.
Growth and nutrient requirements for Namibia's indigenous vegetables in coastal
environment using varying ratios of seawater fresh water in hydroponic production of
spinach.
69
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Growth requirements for exotic vegetables in Namibia's coastal environment using four
organic nutrients; Cow manure, Chicken manure, Goat manure and peat compost.
Domestication requirements of Salicornia pachystachia in Namibia's coastal environment as
potentials for animal fodders
Utilization of locally available organic materials as media for the cultivation of mushroom
mycelia using millet, sorghum, maize and cassava flours.
Treatment of Corn Stover substrate for mushroom cultivation using heat, dishwashing liquid
and washing powder
Aerosol data collection via collaboration with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)
using optical ground based aerosol monitoring network supported by NASA’s Earth
Observing System.
Design of effective bio-digester for use at household level
Biogas production from different biomass
Assessment of inorganic pollution along the Namibian coastal water using bio-indicators
Analysis of marine biotoxins in Namibian marine environment
Postgraduate Research Activities
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Ms. Johanna K. Dijerenge: Analysis of marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
and diarrheic shellfish poisoning toxins (DSP) in mussels, (Mytilus galloprovincialis) along
the Namibian Central Coast.
Mr. Emmanuel Vellemu: Trace metal pollution of Namibian marine shoreline: Choromytilus
meridionalis (black mussel) as indicator organism
Mrs Devota Kavishe: An autecological study of selected Porphyra capensis populations from
the Namibian coast.
Mr. Martin Tjipute: Captive propagation and rearing of the silver Kob, Argyrosomus
inodorus in Namibia.
Mr. Johannes A. Iitembu: Trophic ecology of shallow-water hake (Merluccius capensis),
deep-water hake (Merluccius paradoxus), kingklip (Genypterus capensis) and cape monk
(Lophius vomerinus) through their isotopic and fatty acid composition.
Mr. Hiskia Asino: Evaluation of fishmeal replacement with seal meal in Oreochromis
andersonii diets.
Mr. Uanivi Uatjavi: Age and growth of the Namibian Cape horse mackerel (Trachurus
capensis) in relation to the environmental variables: Implications for stock assessment
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal Articles
 Nashima, F. P. (2013). Structure and composition of intertidal communities at exposed
and sheltered habitat, Central Namibian coast. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity
Research, 2(3): 67 – 72.
 Akawa, T. and Nashima, F. P. (2013). A Sustainability Analysis of Namibian Marine
Fishery. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 1: 1 – 7.
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Nashima, F. P. and Chilamba, V. J. (2013). Biomass distribution of Kingklip (Genypterus
capensis) in the Benguela Ecosystem of Namibia. Journal of Research in Ecology, 2(1),
067 – 074.
Nashima, F. P., Julies, E. and Samakupa, A. (2013). Distribution patterns of spawning
stock of hake maturity stages in the Benguela Ecosystem of Namibia. Journal of
Research in Ecology, 2(2), 100 – 107.
Akawa, T. and Nashima, F. P. (2013). The role of fisheries management in promoting
fishery development: An analysis of the Namibian Horse Mackerels (Trachurus
capensis). Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research, 3(1), 9 – 13.
Conference / Workshop Papers
 Omoregie, E. (2013). Marine Research and Training in Support of policy and
Programmes for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development: The case of Namibia.
Proceedings of the UNECA Eighth African Development Forum (ADF VIII), 22 – 26
October, 2012. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. United Nations.
 Omoregie, E. (2013). Role of SANUMARC for biofuels capacity building in Namibia.
Paper presented at the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) Science and
Technology Programme Workshop on Towards Establishing Value Chains for Bioenergy
in Namibia held in Swakopmund, Namibia, 29 -30 April, 2013.
Chapters in Books
 Mowa, E. (2013). Olive Oil production in Namibia. In: FLOS OLEI 2013: A Guide to the
World of Extra Virgin Oil. Edited by Mark and Laura Marinelli Oreggia. Evo srl
Publishers. 832 pp.
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS, ACHIEVEMENTS AND MILESTONES
With the existing collaborations between the University of Namibia, the Scientific Committee on
Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Science Partnerships for the Assessment of Complex Earth
System Processes (SPACES), the Centre entered a research partnership with renowned
Institutions to develop a Regional Graduate Network in Oceanography (RGNO) programme. The
institutions involved in this partnership with SANUMARC are; Namibian National Marine
Information and Research Centre (NatMIRC), Agouron Institute, University of Minnesota, ETH
Zurich and Swiss i-Research & Training. The first edition of the Graduate Network will be held
early in 2014 with participants from several European and African countries with research
activities on microbial and geochemical oceanography in the Northern Benguela upwelling
ecosystems.
During the year under review, Namsov Community Trust support to the Centre research
activities continued with additional donation of funds for the sponsorship of two Namibian PhD
students in fisheries science at the University of Namibia. This is aside from the initial
sponsorship of three students for postgraduate studies at Rhodes University and the University of
Namibia during the year.
71
As part of SANUMARC initiatives to partner with local industries in mariculture business
ventures, a Strategic Partnership Agreement was entered into with Shoreline Seafoods cc in the
production of oyster spat for the Namibia mariculture industries.
In 2013, SANUMARC was actively involved in the planning and execution of the research
cruise by the German Research Vessel, RV Meteor. This was a Training and Capacity Building
Cruise in Namibian waters that was sponsored by the German Ministry of Education and
Research under the SPACES collaboration. The aim of the cruise was to contribute to a better
understanding of the Benguela current and its ecosystem and thereby fostering the cooperation
within the SPACES programme by helping in setting up partnership projects in research and
development.
Spinach grown in a greenhouse at SANUMARC
72
RUNDU CAMPUS
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
The training initiatives in research organized during the year under review have yielded tangible
results. Important to note is that the campus completed the development of a five-year (20142018) research agenda that would guide research during 2013.
There is no doubt that the crafting of this document that involved academic staff from Education
and commerce arms on campus and colleagues from the main campus had given impetus to
academic staff to fulfill one of the University core-functions, which is conducting of research.
With a dynamic campus research committee in place a number of research training activities has
been presented during the annual research day in 2013 to induct academic staff on how to
conduct research for publication.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREAS
Within the context of the campus mandate and Vision which is to become a “centre of excellence
in the provision of quality higher education in pre-primary, lower and upper primary and
commerce related areas”, generation of relevant knowledge and skills through research to
inform teaching and learning and address national development challenges underpins the campus
research strategy. The broad research focus areas include:
 Enhancing the quality of Curriculum Instructions and Assessment in Education;
 Enhancing the teaching and learning science at lower grades;
 Developing literacy and numeracy strategies at lower phases;
 Providing quality provide leadership skills and knowledge at a multidimensional level;
 Improve pedagogical skills that enhances school based studies (SBS).
 Relationship between Entrepreneural skills and economic development
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Journal Articles
 Iipinge, S. M. & Likando, G. (2013). Implementing Universal Primary Education in
Namibia Trends and challenges. American International Journal of Social Science. Vol.
2, No. 8, p. 135-142.
http://www.aijssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_8_December_2013/14.pdf
 Zimba, R.F., Mufune. P., Likando, G.N., & February, P. (2013). Namibian Teachers’
Understanding of Education for All Issues. Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social
Sciences 2(2): 169 -186.
 Iipinge S. M., Likando, G., and Haipinge, E., & Claassen, P., (2013). Student Evaluation
at Windhoek College of Education: Evidence of quality Assurance to Improve Teaching
and Learning. Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences 2(2): 87 - 93. Chapters in Books
 Likando, G. N. and Wolhuter, C. (2013). Namibia. An Overview of System Reform. In
73
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Harber, Clive (ed). Education in Southern Africa. London/ New York: Bloomsbury.
ISBNs: 9781441171498 (pb), 9781623563882 (ePub), 9781623561093 (ePDF):
http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/education-in--southern-africa--‐9781441171498
Matengu, K., Likando, G., and Kangumu, B. (2013). In search of Equity and Access in
Higher Education in Namibia: Challenges and achievements. In A. W. Wiseman and C.C.
Wolhuter (Eds). The Development of Higher Education in Africa: Prospects and
Challenges,
Volume
21.
Emerald.
ISBN
1479
-3679.
p.187-213:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?issn=1479-3679&volume=21
Conference Papers/ Proceedings
 Auala, R., Likando, G., Matengu, K. and Wolhuter, C.C. (Eds) (2013). Mission
Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial Times, c1920s – ca 1964.
Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Regional workshop of
SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of Education Society. University of
Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11--‐13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822 637 5).
 Kangumu, B., and Likando, G. (2013). In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C.
Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial
Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the
Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of Education
Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822
637 5).
 Ilukena M. A. & Schäfer, M. (2013. A Needs analysis for the implementation of a
complementary course in mathematics education for teachers of mathematics in Namibia:
A Case study of the BETD graduates. In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C.
Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial
Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the
Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of Education
Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822
637 5).
 Luwango L. Z. & Schafer, M. (2013). Critical Reflective Teaching Practice –
Transforming mathematics teaching practice through “thought and action”: Enhancing
teachers’ consciousness of their teaching. In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C.
Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial
Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the
Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of Education
Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822
637 5).
 Mwala, M. E. (2013). Former BETD graduate’s understanding and implementation of
reflective practice in the Rundu region of Namibia. In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu
and C.C. Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the
Colonial Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings
of the Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of
Education Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1
86822 637 5).
 Shihako, M. (2013). An analysis of novice teachers’ capacity to apply participatory
learning strategies in teaching History. In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C.
74
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Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial
Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the
Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of Education
Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822
637 5).
Situnda, J. (2013). Students’ Perspectives of home ecology education subject at
University of Namibia, Rundu Campus. In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C.
Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial
Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the
Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African Comparative and History of Education
Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822
637 5).
Siyave, T. (2013). Teaching Reading in Rukwangali: How children learn to read. A Case
study. In R. Auala, G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C. Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education
in the Eastern Caprivi Strip during the Colonial Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in
Africa for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern
African Comparative and History of Education Society. University of Namibia, Rundu
Campus, 11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822 637 5).
Utete, C. N. & Shihako, M. (2013). An investigation into whether the Pre- service Basic
Education Teacher Diploma (BETD) adequately prepares students for the work place: A
case study for the graduates from the former Rundu College of Education. In R. Auala,
G. Likando, K. Matengu and C.C. Wolhuter (Eds). Mission Education in the Eastern
Caprivi Strip during the Colonial Times, c1920s – ca 1964. Education in Africa for the
21st Century: Proceedings of the Regional workshop of SACHES, Southern African
Comparative and History of Education Society. University of Namibia, Rundu Campus,
11-13 July 2012. (ISBN 978 1 86822 637 5).
ACHIEVEMENTS AND MILESTONES
Looking at the progress that was done in terms of research at the Rundu Campus in comparison
with what existed in the past one is left with no option but to applaud what the campus has
achieved in a short time. Significant to mention is the enthusiasm that academic staff members
have demonstrated in undertaking research as evidenced by the number of publications produced
during the year under review.
75
OSHAKATI CAMPUS
DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT
The Oshakati Campus has been involved in various research and publication activities during
2013. Below are the activities and research and publication that staff and representatives from
OSHAKATI have undertaken.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Several academic staff undertook some research and some have published articles during the
year under review.
Journal article
 Pinehas, L., Shifiona, N., & Shikongo, K. (2013). Celebrating UNAM Oshakati Campus
health day / World Health Day: a Community Service: Professional & Personal life
experiences. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies.
Conference proceedings
 Anghuwo, A.A. (2013). ICT as a teaching tool in education: a paper presented at
Onyaanya and Oshigambo Circuits Teacher’s Annual Conference 2013 and Oshakati
UNAM research day 2013.
 Naukushu S. (2013) Understanding of PI among the Foundation Programme of Oshakati
Campus at the University of Namibia. Annual Saarmste conference, South Africa in
January 2013, SAARMSTE 2013.
 Nghipandulwa, L.N. (2013). Teachers use of practical work in Biology in the selected
secondary school in Oshana Education region. Annual Saarmste conference, South Africa
in January 2013, SAARMSTE 2013.
Ongoing research projects
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Assessment of adherence to ART among patients enrolled at Oshakati Intermediate
Hospital ART clinic in Oshana directorate. This is a School project which is partly
funded by the University of Namibia through UPRC.
Nursing students’ perception about integration of theory and practice in preparation for
future professional nurses at UNAM Oshakati Campus, Namibia. The project is
facilitated by the Public Health Department.
Most Staff members were involved in academic research as part of their staff development
fulfillment for Masters and Doctoral studies or professional development. Some PhD lecturers in
Nursing Department has supervised Masters students' studies and the fourth year students for a
Bachelor degree course on different topics for fourth years' Research Project.
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ZERO EMISSION RESEARCH INITIATIVE
MANAGER’S STATEMENT
The Zero Emission Research Initiative (ZERI) programme was started in 1999 at the University
of Namibia. ZERI is a vision, a concept, and a philosophy that aims to catalyze the application of
Science and Technology towards food security, the creation of employment opportunities and
generation of income, especially for rural women and the youth in Namibia’s rural and periurban communities by promoting Mushroom Farming and Mushroom Consumption. The focus is
the enhancement of people’s health and socio-economic welfare; the production of sustainable
development and environmental regeneration in rural and peri-urban communities. Mushroom
activities are supported through the University of Namibia campuses which are: ZERI Project
Management Unit (PMU) at main campus in Windhoek, the Sam Nujoma Marine and Coastal
Resources Research Centre (SANUMARC) at Sam Nuyoma Campus in Henties Bay and
Ogongo Campus in the North of the country. The main campus supports projects in Khomas,
Omaheke, Kavango and Hardap Regions. SANUMARC supports project in Erongo,
Otjozondjupa, Karas and Kunene regions, while Ogongo Campus supports projects that are in
Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana and Oshikoto regions respectively.
RESEARCH STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FOCUS AREA
Within the University, the Project focuses on Mushroom Research, Farming and Development of
mushrooms and mushroom products. The main activities for the Project are to carry out research
on mushroom cultivation and product development using raw materials which are ordinarily
deemed wastes from industries such as that of agriculture and food processing. To train the
communities and interested organizations on mushroom farming and it’s postharvest. The Project
also secures that women and youth from rural and peri-urban origins take up and practice the
scientific technologies and skills for them to become self-reliant.
The following researches were carried out at ZERI during the year 2013 and all reports are
available at the Project office.
 The study on Mineral components and trace elements in wild Namibian Ganoderma
species.
 Antiplasmodial activity of indigenous Ganoderma lucidum and Terfezia pfeilii
(Kalahari truffles) Namibian mushrooms.
 Isolation and characterization of bacteria and fungi affecting cultivated mushrooms in
selected areas in Namibia.
 Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract from some wild Namibian mushrooms.
 The possibility of growing Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) and Ganoderma lucidum
(Lingzhi or Reishi) mushroom on maize (corn) cobs in Namibia.
The direction and Focus Area of ZERI now is to explore most Namibian mushrooms by
identifying them molecularly while at the same time gathering and documenting the indigenous
knowledge on their edibility and medicinal value or uses. Nutritional analyses for most edible
and medicinal mushrooms will be carried out in order to educate the communities on the benefits
and enable extensive promotion of mushroom consumption and cultivation. The Project also
plans to produce more products from wild and cultivated mushrooms e.g. different mushroom
77
soups, tea from the medicinal mushrooms. The transferring of technology and skills to the
communities and individuals will continue as they advance.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
Conference Proceedings
 Kadhila-Muandingi, N. P (2013). Mushroom Research and Development in Namibia.
Faculty of Science 1st Annual Science Research Conference Book of Abstracts pp.34-35,
Windhoek, Namibia.
 Kadhila-Muandingi, N. P (2013). Industrial Production and Marketing for medicinal
mushrooms. 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference, pp. 37-38, Beijing,
China.
 Kadhila-Muandingi, N. P (2013). Overview of Namibian medicinal Mushrooms. Summer
School, School of Medicine University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
After some years of research on the Namibian medicinal mushroom from the genus Ganoderma,
ZERI in collaboration with the Food Science Department produced Ganoderma Dietary
Supplements in the form of capsules during the year under review. The capsules can be used in
boosting the immune system to ward off many ailments. These mushrooms are diverse in their
mycochemical components, thus leading to its promotion as an effective food supplement for
health maintenance. Ganoderma mushrooms are reported to cure liver problems, heart condition,
asthma, cancer, high blood pressure and arthritis. Having been used for decades in other parts of
the word, Ganoderma is recommended for use by people living with HIV/AIDS.
Processing of Ganoderma capsules
78