Chapter 2 Arthrology

locomotor system
Chapter 2 Arthrology
Classification of Joints
The Synovial Joints
The Specific Joints of the Body
1
Classification of Joints
Fibrous joints
sysnarthrosis
Cartilaginous joints
Synostoses
2
Fibrous joints
the articulating bones in fibrous joints are tightly bound by
fibrous connective tissue The two kinds of fibrous joints are
sutures, syndesmoses.
Sutures
coronal suture
Syndesmoses
sagittal
suture
lambdoid suture
3
Cartilaginous joints
Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement in response to twisting
or compression.
Two kinds:
Symphysis
Synchondrosis
4
Synovial joints
Structure of a synovial joint
Articular surface
articular capsule
fibrous membrane
synovial membrane
articular cartilage
articular cavity
synovial fluid
articular disc
5
6
Movements at synovial joints
Translation
allow only side-to-side and back-and-forth movements, with some
slight rotation.
Flexion and extension Flexion is the movement that decreases the joint angle
on an anteroposterior plane ; Extension is the reverse of flexion, the joint angle
is increased
Adduction and abduction :Abduction is movement of a body part away from the
main axis of the body, or away from the midsagittal plane in a lateral direction ;
Adduction, the opposite of abduction, is movement of a body part toward the
main axis of the body 。
Rotation:Rotation is movement of a body part around its own axis
Circumduction: Circumduction is the circular movement of a body part so that a
cone-shaped airspace is traced.
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Kinds of synovial joints
Gliding joints
Hinge joints
pivot joint
Condyloi joints
saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joints
8
The Synovial Joints
articular capsule
fibrous membrane
synovial membrane
articular cartilage
articular cavity
synovial fluid
articular disc
9
Movements of synovial joints
Angular movements：
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circular movements ：
Rotation
Supination
Pronation
Circumduction
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Special movements ：
Protraction
Elevation
11
The Specific Joints of the Body
Temporomandibular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
12
Joints of the vertebral bodies
Intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus
anulus fibrosus
Ligaments of the vertebral column
Ligaments associated with the vertebral body
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligaments associated with the vertebral arch
yellow ligaments
interspinal ligaments
intertransverse ligaments
supraspinal ligament
13
Lumbosacral joint
Craniovertebral joints
14
Shoulder joint
glenoid labrum
coracohumeral ligament
glenohumeral ligaments
transverse humeral retinaculum
subdeltoid bursa
subcoracoid bursa
subscapular bursa
15
Elbow joint
composed of two articulations
The humeroulnar joint :
formed by the trochlea of the
humerus and the trochlear notch
of the ulna
The humeroradial joint：
formed by the capitulum of the
humerus and the head of the
radius
Ligaments:
radial (lateral) collateral ligament
ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
annular ligament
16
Metacarpophalangeal
and interphangeal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints
palmar ligament
collateral ligaments
17
Hip joint
is formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone
Iliofemoral ligament
Ligament of head of femur
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Zona orbicularis
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Knee joint
Patellar ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
Collateral ligaments
Popliteal fossa
19
Ankle (Talocrural) joint
deltoid ligament
lateral collateral ligaments
anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
20