solaio compound

Transcription

solaio compound

UK
A CONCRETE AND GLULAM COMPOSITE DECK
DESIGNED FOR SEISMIC
The “Solaio Compound®” Deck is designed, produced and patented by Coperlegno S.r.l.; it’s
based on the sinergy between glulam (that gives resistance to tensile stress) and concrete slab (that
gives resistance to compression stress) obtaining maximum performances to resist both tensile and
compressive forces.
This composite deck works in a simple and logical way with less energy consumption as it’s designed to be an ecological and efficient product.
This deck can be assembled as a classical
one: in fact it is based on beams, decking
elements
concreteasslub
but its
This deckand
cananbeupper
assembled
a classical
one:
in fact
it isofbased
onabeams,
decking eleweight
is half
that of
traditional
ments and an upper concrete slub but its
deck.
weight is half of that of a traditional deck.
SOLAIO
It is also different from other composite
decks (such as "glulam + concrete +
resins or metallic connectors")
because it has a particular milling
on top where it is mechanically
inserted a steel joists. This solution
makes this composite deck highly
industrialized.
It is easy and fast to assembly as
well as adaptable to different
constructions needs so that this composite deck can be successfully used
in restructurings as well as in new
constructions.
This system allows the usage of this
Solaio Compound® in deck modelling with all the advantages of traditional decks eliminating their limits.
A steel reinforcing rod must
be laid before the concrete casting and usually more pieces
of steel rods are used to reinforce the connection between
the heads of the glulams and
the vertical supports (walls, parietal beams).
The concrete cast, usually 5 cm thick, completes the deck creating an homogenized slab,
that is the ideal configuration for best seismic
performances.
This deck has a non
massive behavior so that
it can be used in anti-seismic constructions and restructurings.
Glulam beams are made
of laminated red spruce
wood (DIN Certified)
armed with steel joists
(called “Bausta”).
The Pannello Compound ® , that gives insulation
and lowers the global weight, is a self-supporting
sandwich panel made of extruded polystyrene with the
two sides made of glass fibers reinforced mortar.
Decking elements can be:
• Pannello Compound®.
• Cotto Tiles.
• Lamellar Panels.
• Spruce Lumbers.
• Composite Panels.
THE USAGE OF THE SOLAIO COMPOUND®
IN ROOFING
• Works as an effecting connection for vertical structures (such as walls) for best seismic performances.
• Optimizes the insulation through the thermal inertia of the concrete cast.
• Reduces the aerial noises because of the total required mass of the roof.
Consente molteplici soluzioni architettoniche con finiture di pregio:
• As it can be assembled with different decking elements, it allows good looking architectural
Tavelle in
cottotiles,
a vista
sabbiate panels,
e lisce. lamellar
Perlinati
in and
legno.
solutions:
Cotto
prefinished
panels
spruce lumbers.
Pannelli preintonacati.
Pignatte in laterizio.
STRENGHTS OF THE
SOLAIO COMPOUND®
• Industrial technology as it’s made with
standard glulam beams and standard steel joists
solutions: Cotto tiles, prefinished panels,
lamellar panels and spruce lumbers.
• Its low volume and its relative lightness can
help logistic procedures.
• Very fast laying because of its weight and its
self-supporting before casting; it just needs
few props every 2,5 m.
• Lower costs of the finished construction
compared with other wood+concrete composite decks or traditional decks with equal seismic performance.
• Eco-sustainability as it uses natural raw materials (wood) that are renewable and non pollutant.
• It is versatile both technically (different coverage lengths, different glulam width for fire
resistance or for more stress and tensile performances) and aesthetically (using different
decking elements and finishes).
• Structural safety in normal conditions as well as in case of particular events (seismic events,
fires, overloads) and visual safety (glulams show bends and fractures far before any sudden collapse, while traditional decks usually collapse immediately).
CERTIFICATES AND STATIC TESTS
istituto sperimentale per ledilizia s.p.a.
Autorizzato allesecuzione delle prove ai sensi e per gli effetti dellArt. 20 della legge del 5-11-71 n. 1086 con Decreti Ministero LL.PP. Autorizzato alle certificazioni CE - Notificato CEE n. 0529
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CARATTERIZZAZIONE
DINAMICA DI ELEMENTI STRUTTURALI
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SEISMIC
TESTS
(ENEA)
The verification of the behavior of the roof (made with the
Solaio Compound®) has been done with characterization dynamic seismic tests at the research center of Casaccia (ENEA)
on a model of a masonry building.
Two accelerometers have been placed in the center of the two
flaps and four more central relative shift sensors (two laser and
two wire) to measure the flow under the dynamic interaction
between the wood beams and slab in concrete.
Several tests with different intensity were carried out for the
dynamic characterization of the deck: the first tests at low frequencies were in line with forecasts and the movements were
below the sensitivity of the instruments.
The model was then subjected to more intense and increasing seismic actions until the complete
collapse of the walls while the "Solaio Compound®" didn't collapse.
The experimental results showed that this deck:
• Stresses the vertical structures with non-massive behavior.
• Through the concrete slab can be considered infinitely rigid in its plane.
• Is capable of transmitting the seismic forces between the various vertical elements, allowing the
structure to respond to horizontal stresses with an efficent behavior.
• Make a sort of monolithic two-way plate.
Therefore, the "Solaio Compound®" it's a good solution both for new buildings as well as in
existing buildings.
SEISMIC TESTS - Comparison in terms of accelerations
This system greatly reduces the acceleration compared to a
traditional brick-cement deck.
The synergy between concrete slab and wooden beams give
rigidity and strength provides a seismic improvement in
renovation and new construction.
SEISMIC TESTS - Comparison in terms of shifts
SEISMIC TESTS - COMPARISON IN TERMS OF ACCELERATI
Even in terms of shifts this system gives excellent
results, as it was already predicted analyzing previous
analysis in terms of acceleration.
FLEXURAL
AND
PUSH-OUT
TESTS
The Solaio Compound®, patented and manufactured by Coperlegno S.r.l., is a glulam+concrete deck made of:
•
•
•
•
•
Glulam beams made with DIN certified red spruce, with a central milling with pegs.
Volumetric stability Malta.
Steel joist (FeB44k).
Decking elements.
Upper concrete slab that forms the necessary rigid plate that ensures the right connection between vertical
structures.
Regulatory requirements
All the tests where performed using the prescription of
the "Nicole Document" where in the presence of onedimensional wooden element formed of several elements assembled and connected to each other
mechanically, prescribes calculations and studies using
a linear mathematical relations between stress and
shift, considering the shifts along the interfaces between the elements; when considering the case of glulams (wood element) coupled using connectors with a
different material, the calculations must be done according to the classical constructions methods.
Figure 1.2: geometric dimensions.
Instead in case of unions between Glulams (wood) and
Concrete, the “Nicole Document” prescribes that the
load capacity and the rigidity of this configuration must
be determined experimentally with the exception of the
following cases:
• cylindrical connectors laterally strained;
• cylindrical connectors axially strained;
• connection with concrete pawl wedge in wood.
Figure 1.3: resistent section.
The figures are generated using a numeric
model by the software Ansys 9.0 and represent the geometry, the deflection analysis and the stresses of the model.
Figure 1.7: volumes of a model with materials colored differently.
An examination of the deformed can lead to the following observations:
•
•
•
•
the deformation of glulams is much greater than those of the conglomerate;
predominant deformations in the glulams are longitudinal;
it can be observed the crushing of the fronts of the wood pawls;
the backs of the internal wood pawls are almost intact while the last wood pawl shows a
prominent deflection.
Figure 1.12: parallel compressions of the model.
Figure 1.13: parallel compressions of the glulam.
The next figures show the distribution of tensions resulting from the software Ansys 9.0.
In particular, they shows the distribution of compression parallel to the fibers.
Figure 1.15: tangential stress of the model.
Figure 1.16: tangential stress of the glulam.
Push-out tests
Figure
3.4:3.4:
positions
of dei
the 4four
transducers
during
the tests.
Figura
posizione
trasduttori
durante
la prova
Figure 3.1: test equipments.
The tests were performed on days 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 and 20 of June 2007 at the laboratory
testing materials and structures. The temperature stood at 25° C and relative humidity was 60%.
For each test are shown:
• the main values obtained during the tests (tensile strength Fu and it’s relative average shift δ(Fu))
• the resistance referred to the length of the connection;
• the mode of collapse observed;
• a photo relative to the mode of collapse observed;
• the load-shift diagrams of the 4 transducers (figure 3.4);
• the medium experimental load-shift diagram;
• the numerical values of the average shifting, related to a pre-defined levels of the F (tensile
strength) compared to the Fu;
• elastic resistance calculated at fixed levels of loading F compared with tensile strength Fu;
• elastic resistance normalized to the standard length of the connection calculated at a pre-defined
level of F (tensile strength) compared to the Fu.
Figure 3.32: load-shifts diagram of the AK 150 A sample.
Figure 3.34: load-shifts diagram of the EX 150 C sample.
Table 3.13: push-out tests results.
Figure
Table 3.14:
3.14:average
averageshifts
shiftsatatdifferent
differentloads.
loads.
Table 3.21: push-out tests results.
Table 3.22: average shifts at different loads.
Figure
3.44:
average load-shifts
diagram of
the EX
150 C sample.
Figura
3.44
Diagramma
carico-scorrimento
medio
del campione
EX 150 C
Figure 3.33: average load-shifts diagram of the AK 150 A sample.
Figura 3.33 Diagramma carico-scorrimento medio del campione AK 150 A
Flexural tests
The cast of the concrete was made in April 18 2007.
During the maturation of the concrete cast while the loading tests were performed, 10 destructive
tests were carried out on cubic samples of concrete following the UNI 6132/72 prescriptions, resulting in the strength values given below.
Table 4.1: compression test of cubic samples.
Figure 4.1
CONCLUSIONS
Researchs and developments were carried out in order to improve the behavior of the system,
leading to following goals:
• Optimization of static connection in order to be compliant.
• Guarantee the highest quality standards through the packaging done at the factory.
• Ensuring the effective gear between wood and concrete because of the wooden pegs into the
milling.
• Ensuring the proper connection with the vertical walls and infinite stiffness of the plan through
the concrete slab.
• Connection between wood, concrete slab and metal joists through the wood pawls and
mortar volumetric stability.
CONSTRUCTIONS DETAILS
SOLUZIONE SU STRUTTURA PORTANTE IN C.A.
ITEMS SPECIFICATIONS
It' a composite "Wood+Concrete" deck made with red spruce glulam beams (standard
sections 100 x 120 mm - 100 x 160 mm - 100 x 200 mm) milled on top where it is mechanically inserted a steel joists (FeB44k); these reinforced glulam beams are placed every
56/66 cm (dipending on the decking elements used). The upper slab (at least 5 cm thick)
is made with concrete (class Rck 300 N/mm2) reinforced with a steel net.
®
®" AGLI STATI LIMITE
SIZING
TABLE OF THE SOLAIO
COMPOUND
(S.L.U.)
TABELLA INDICATIVA
DIMENSIONAMENTO
TRAVETTI
"COMPOUND
TRAVETTO IN LEGNO LAMELLARE GL24
fmd
N/mm²
14,57
fvd
N/mm²
1,49
E
N/mm²
11600
G
N/mm²
720
N/m³
3800
SOLETTA IN CLS Rck30
fcd
N/mm²
11,76
fctd
N/mm²
1,06
E
N/mm²
30200
ACCIAIO PER ARMATURA
N/m³
25000
fy
N/mm²
374
E
N/mm²
210000
N/m³
78000
LEGENDA
fmd
fvd
TENSIONE A FLESSIONE AGLI S.L.U del L.L.
TENSIONE A TAGLIO AGLI S.L.U. del L.L.
fcd
fctd
TENSIONE A COMPRESSIONE AGLI S.L.U. del CLS
TENSIONE A TRAZIONE AGLI S.L.U del CLS
Legenda
u.d.m.
E
G
MODULO DI ELASTICITÀ A FLESSIONE
PESO SPECIFICO
fy
MODULO DI ELASTICITÀ A TAGLIO
TENSIONE A TRAZIONE
rif. grafici
TIPO S1
TIPO S2
TIPO S3
10
base travetto lamellare
cm
B lam
10
10
altezza travetto lamellare
cm
H lam
12
16
20
altezza utile travetto lamellare
cm
h2
10,50
14,50
18,50
peso proprio solaio
kN/m²
Gk1
1,60
1,65
1,72
carico permanente ipotizzato
kN/m²
Gk2
2,50
2,50
2,50
carico accidentale (edifici domestici residenziali)
kN/m²
Qk
2,00
2,00
2,00
carico caratteristico totale solaio
kN/m²
Q
6,10
6,15
6,22
carico al metro lineare
kN/m
q
4,03
4,06
4,10
interasse travetti
m
i
0,66
0,66
0,66
luce netta ipotizzata
m
L1
3,80
4,80
5,80
luce di calcolo
m
L
4,00
5,00
6,00
freccia elastica max amm. (L/300)
cm
f max
1,40
1,75
2,10
reazione caratteristica (vincolo di semplice appoggio)
sollecitazione a pressoflessione cls t= 0
kN
N/mm²
R
fc
8,06
5,98
10,15
6,62
12,30
7,23
sollecitazione a pressoflessione cls t=
N/mm²
fc
4,55
5,18
5,83
sollecitazione a tensoflessione L.L. t= 0
N/mm²
fm
8,69
9,89
11,01
sollecitazione a tensoflessione L.L. t=
N/mm²
fm
9,60
10,78
11,78
sollecitazione a taglio
t= 0
N/mm²
fv
0,72
0,80
0,83
sollecitazione a taglio
t=
N/mm²
fv
0,75
0,81
0,85
cm
cm
u ist
u max
0,54
0,78
0,82
1,16
1,12
1,60
freccia elastica istantanea in mezzeria
freccia totale in mezzeria t=
®
HELPS
THE SOLAIO
SOLAIO COMPOUND
COMPOUND
HELPS TO
TO
CONTAIN THE TOTAL
TOTAL ENERGY
ENERGY AS
AS
IT’S MADE WITH
WITH WOOD
WOOD (PEFC)
(PEFC)THAT
THAT
STORES 255KG OF
OF CARBON
CARBON DURING
DURING
THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUIVALENT
EQUIVALENT
TO 0.93 TONNES
TONNES OF
OF CO2.
CO2.THIS
THIS MEANS
MEANS
THAT 1 SQUARE
SQUARE METER
METER OF
OF SOLAIO
SOLAIO
HELPS
ABSORBING
3
COMPOUND®HELPS
COMPOUND
ABSORBING
3 KG
KG CARBON.
OF CARBON.
OF
www.solaiocompound.it
SOLAIO
COMPOUND
Patented
Lamellare Tralicciato Antisismico
Sede e Stabilimento
Via Ardeatina, 933 - 00178 Roma
Tel.06.71350276 • Fax 06.71359210
info@coperlegno.it - www.coperlegno.it
Stabilimento identificato presso il Servizio Tecnico Centrale del Consiglio
Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici in conformità al D.M. 14/01/2008
Centro di Lavorazione di Elementi Strutturali in Legno 074/09 - CL
Azienda Certificata UNI EN ISO 9001: 2008
Divisione Solai
Via Verdi, 18 - 40067 Rastignano (BO)
Tel. 051.744679 • Fax 051.6265168
bologna@coperlegno.it - www.solaiocompound.it
Il Servizio Tecnico Centrale del Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici,
così come previsto nell art. 9 L. 1086 ha verificato il Solaio Compound
con parere unanime identificandolo come prodotto per uso strutturale
ai sensi e per gli effetti del cap. 11 del D.M. 14/01/2008 (NTC)

solaio compound

Transcription

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