Introduction of the geography of Catalonia - UEF-Wiki

Introduction of the geography of Catalonia - UEF-Wiki

An introduction to the Human
Geography of Catalonia
Border Landscapes across Europe
Geographical Landscape Research
Girona, 6th. May 2013
Rafel Llussà
Universitat de Girona
An introduction to the Human
Geography of Catalonia
• Location
• Physical geography; the structures of relief
• Historical, cultural and politicaladministrative background
• Population: Evolution and distribution
• Economy: an industrial country changing into a
services' one
• The current situation: effets of the
economic crisis
Where we are: The constrains and
potentialities
• Northwest
of Iberian
peninsula
• Next to
France
Where we are: The constrains and
potentialities
• Influences:
Greek and
Roman
presence
• Corridor
from
[central]
Europe
towards the
centre of
Iberian
peninsula
A general view of the structural
relief
• Corridor from
[central] Europe
towards the
centre of Iberian
peninsula
• A mountainous
country
A general view of the structural
relief
• Corridor from
[central] Europe
towards the
centre of Iberian
peninsula
• A mountainous
country
A mountainous country
• Pyrennes
• Central
Depression
• Mediterranean
System
• Coastal
Mountains
• Prelitoral
Mountains
The historical perspective: the
foundations of Catalonia
• The formation of
Catalan counties
under French
protectorate and
against Muslim
Al-Andalus
• A differentiated
language
Expansion of political and trade
Catalan power s. XIII-XIV
The historical perspective
• Expansion
towards
the south:
Kingdom
of Aragón
• The
unification
of
Spanish
monarchy
at the end
of XVth.
century
The treaty of the Pyrennes
(1659)
The border along the Pyrennes
The border along the Pyrennes.
Outline of geographical-administrative discrepancies
From: Claudi Mans
http://cmans.wordpress.com/2013/02/17/la-cara-nord-del-pirineu/
The current political organisation: Catalonia
as an autonomous region under Spanish
Constitution of 1978
Provinces in Catalonia
Catalan “comarques” (counties)
The evolution of Catalan
population: 7 millions in 2005
7.000.000
6.000.000
5.000.000
4.000.000
3.000.000
2.000.000
1.000.000
0
1.300
1.400
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
Evolution of Catalan population, 1900-2005
Evolution of Catalan population, 1998-2013
From: Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya
V A R I A C IÓ D E L A P O B L A C I Ó D E L ES C O M A R Q U E S D E C A T A LU N Y A
M a pa 2 .1 .
19 6 0 - 7 5
Population
growth
territorial
distribution.
Annual
rate,
1960-75
N
6
0
6
12
18
24
30 km.
Font: Mapa Comarcal de l'Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, Barcelona,1995.
perd més de 20%
de -20 a 0 %
de 0 a 15%
de 15 a 30%
de 30 a 45%
guanya més de 45%
Elaboració: Rafel LLussà i Torra, setembre 1998
Disseny cartogràfic i realització: Carolina Martí i Llambrich
V A R IA C IÓ D E L A P O B L A C IÓ D E L E S C O M A R Q U E S C A T A L A N E S
M a p a 5 .5 .
19 75 -91
Population
growth
territorial
distribution.
Annual
rate,
1975-91
N
6
0
6
12
18
24
30 km.
perd més de 10%
de -10 a -5%
de -5 a 5%
de 5 a 15%
de 15 a 30%
guanya més de 30%
E= 1:1.800.000
Font: Mapa Comarcal de l'Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, Barcelona,1995.
Elaboració: Rafel LLussà i Torra, setembre 1998
Disseny cartogràfic i realització: Carolina Martí i Llambrich
VARIACIÓ DE LA POBLACIÓ DE LES COMARQUES DE CATALUNYA
1991-01
Population
growth
territorial
distribution.
Annual
rate,
1991-01
perd més de 20%
de -20 a 0%
de 0 a 25%
de 25 a 50%
de 50 a 100%
N
30
0
30 Km.
Font: web de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya.
guanya més de 100%
Elaboració: Rafel Llussà i Torra, novembre de 2005
Disseny cartogràfic i realització: Marc Heras i Bofill
Cumulative annual growth, 1991-2000
Annual growth rates. Catalonia
Taxes de creixement anual de la població. Catalunya
3,20
3,04
2,70
2,47
2,20
%
1,70
1,20
0,87
0,83
0,70
0,17
0,20
0,10
1960-75
1975-81
1981-91
1991-96
-0,30
períodes
1996-01
2001-2004
Migrations 1988-2006
Within
Catalonia
Emigration to
rest
Immigration
from rest
Foreign
of Spain
of Spain
Immigration
2006
293.940
65.669
53.907
186.570
2005
281.153
61.209
51.433
162.936
2004
264.140
55.604
52.617
154.131
2003
251.813
48.895
49.912
59.880
2002
221.128
42.366
43.915
60.939
2001
168.922
29.670
31.128
46.320
2000
172.247
29.331
30.251
33.933
1999
169.820
28.600
26.863
16.505
1998
160.544
27.429
24.533
15.631
1997
140.299
24.513
21.227
11.032
1996
101.956
18.290
17.154
6.509
1995
133.852
26.523
23.055
7.269
1994
120.603
28.847
21.572
5.361
1993
109.302
27.621
21.405
5.693
1992
94.927
25.689
21.164
7.170
1991
60.364
19.324
15.945
3.590
1990
92.899
26.714
28.969
5.027
1989
86.290
26.495
28.744
5.100
1988
84.457
24.347
25.722
3.522
Components of Catalonia’s
population growth, 1960-2006
Number of immigrants in Catalonia
per country of origin (2011)
Total Unió Europea (UE27)
Romania
Itàlia
França
Alemanya
Regne Unit
Portugal
Polònia
Bulgària
329.013
116.433
53.233
32.614
19.911
18.534
17.073
16.714
14.515
Total Amèrica
Equador
Colòmbia
Perú
Bolívia
República Dominicana
Argentina
Brasil
Total Àsia
Total resta Europa
40.389
Xina
Ucraïna
Rússia
15.912
11.576
Paquistan
Índia
Filipines
Total Àfrica
348.512
Marroc
270.513
19.495
17.879
9.125
Gàmbia
Senegal
Algèria
Total Oceania
Total
339.763
80.063
46.710
40.206
41.865
25.935
23.540
13.934
137.212
51.646
38.834
16.957
12.369
456
1.195.664
Number of immigrants in Catalonia
per country of origin (1996-2008)
VARIACIÓ DE LA POBLACIÓ DE LES COMARQUES DE CATALUNYA
2001-04
Population
growth
territorial
distribution.
Annual
rate,
2001-04
guanya menys de 5%
de 5 a 7.5%
de 7.5 a 10%
de 10 a de 13.5%
N
30
0
30 Km.
Font: web de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya.
guanya més de 13.5%
Elaboració: Rafel Llussà i Torra, novembre de 2005
Disseny cartogràfic i realització: Marc Heras i Bofill
Population pyramid. Catalonia, 2008
Population pyramid. Catalonia, 2008
Population density, 2000
Distribution of population nodes in Catalonia, 2000
The economic activity
• Catalonia as an industrial traditional country
• An important tourism sector which has
developed massive building along the coast from
1960’s
• Industrial development from the 60’s following
Spanish’s economy internationalization
• Transition towards a service sector economy
• Insertion to the global economy: Barcelona’s
internationalization
Catalonia
as an
industrial
country:
the
location of
factories,
c. 1900
Industrial districts and local productive
systems identified in Spain, 1988-2000
Recent economic trends in Industry
• Reduction of industrial workforce
• Delocalisation of some of the multinational
industrial factories which came in the 80-90’s
• Problems in SEAT motorcar factory (Volkswagen
group): Easter Europe competence
• Lack of high tech sectors and R&D activities
• Policies directed to enhance technology sectors
in Barcelona city
Number of workers by big activity
sectors. Catalonia
——————————————————————————————
Number of workers
————————————————————
Year
Agriculture Industry Building Services
Total
——————————————————————————————
2001
69.287 708.921 291.482 1.745.436 2.815.126
1996
70.891 707.313 153.625 1.272.823 2.204.652
1991
82.959 813.269 185.681 1.173.521 2.255.430
——————————————————————————————
© Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya
Agriculture
• Crisis of traditional agricultural sector: loss
of population and perspectives of EU’s
CAP
• Specialization in cattle raising: chicken,
pigs
Birdraising
cattle.
Number
of units
Pig
cattle.
Number
of units.
Tourism. Areas of specialisation
• The coast
• Pyrenees
• Rural tourism developments
% of tourist consumption / resident consumption, 1995
August
seasonal
population /
resident
population,
1996
Territorial and environmental effects
Torroella de Montgrí – l’Estartit (Baix Empordà)
Castell-Platja d’Aro (Baix Empordà)
Vista panoràmica
de la badia de
Palamós i Sant
Antoni de Calonge
Dècada 1950
Actualitat
REPERCUSSIONS
Ocupació en pantalla de la façana litoral i continuum urbà
Badia de Palamós – Sant Antoni de Calonge (Baix Empordà)
Lloret, 1920
La problemàtica dels incendis forestals front les urbanitzacions
Lloret, 2005
The current situation: effets of the
economic crisis
• Loss of jobs in the building sector, and then in
the industrial and services sectors.
• Catalan industry lost 210.000 jobs and 8.000
firms in the period 2008-2012
• Unemployment affected first to immigrant
people, partially returning home
• Big increase in unemployment: 6 millions
unemployed in Spain; 900.000 in Catalonia
• Reduction of public services: heath, education,
in order to meet a decrease in public debt
• Uncertainties about the future