Examining Diversity Initiatives at Columbia University
Transcription
Examining Diversity Initiatives at Columbia University
Volume 4, Issue 2 Summer 2014 The Graduate School of Arts & Sciences | Columbia University Defining Identity: Examining Diversity Initiatives at Columbia GSAS Alumni Association Board of Directors Jillisa Brittan, President, M.A. ‘86, English and Comparative Literature Robert Greenberg, Vice President, M.A. ‘88, Philosophy Frank Chiodi, Secretary, M.A. ‘00, American Studies Tyler Anbinder, M.A. ’85, M.Phil. ’87, Ph.D. ’90, History Gerrard Bushell, M.A. ’91, M.Phil. ’94, Ph.D. ’04, Political Science Annette Clear, M.A. ’96, M.Phil. ’97, Ph.D. ’02, Political Science Michael S. Cornfeld, M.A. ’73, Political Science Elizabeth Debreu, M.A. ’93, Art History and Archaeology George Khouri, M.A. ’69, Classics Lindsay Leard-Coolidge, M.Phil. ’87, Ph.D. ’92, Art History and Archaeology Harriet Zuckerman, Ph.D. ’65, Sociology Tracy Zwick, M.A. ’11, Modern Art Contents 01From the Dean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 02Defining Identity: Examining Diversity Initiatives at Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . 4 03A Meteorologist for the Millennial Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 04 Anna Karenina on a Roller Coaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 05The New Graduate Student Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 06 Alumni Profile: Anita Demkiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 07Alumni Profile: Daniel Duzdevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 08On the Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 09In Memoriam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 10Dissertations Deposited Recently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 11Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 12Helpful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Dean: Carlos J. Alonso Letters to the Editor To share your thoughts about anything you have read in this publication, please email gsaseditor@columbia.edu. Unless you note otherwise in your message, any correspondence received by the editor will be considered for future publication. Please be sure to include in your message your name and affiliation to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Editor: Robert Ast Assistant Editor: Andrew Ng Senior Director for Alumni Relations: Jill Galas-Hickey SUPERSCRIPT is published twice annually by the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences and the GSAS Alumni Association. superscript : contents 01 Design, Editing, and Production: Columbia Creative 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 From the Dean The professional development of our students is one of the principal obligations of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. I would like to report to you on a related GSAS initiative recently implemented, and which I had mentioned to you in my column for the previous issue of SUPERSCRIPT: the Internships in Academic Administration that were inaugurated in spring 2014. In this program, twelve advanced graduate students were placed in academic offices throughout the University such as the Office of the President, the Provost, Columbia College, Columbia University Press, and several others, so that they would experience firsthand for one semester the inner workings of those offices as they managed their tasks and responsibilities. The participants came from a wide variety of graduate departments and programs, and included representatives from the three canonical divisions of the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and the Natural Sciences. A survey of the initial class of interns in Columbia academic offices, as well as one sent to the offices in which they were placed, revealed that our students’ involvement in their chosen administrative units was everything we had hoped it would be—and more. It seems clear from the survey responses that this initiative channeled and satisfied a significant interest among graduate students. In the case of students who are considering the many alternatives to academic careers, the experience was a welcome opportunity to explore the everyday life of an academic administrator and the work of an academic office. For those students who wish Article 01 : page 2 to go on to join the professoriate, it was a chance to understand the workings of the University beyond the familiar yet limited confines of their departmental home base. I would like to share with you some of the comments that we received both from the participating students and the academic offices that hosted them, because together they provide a compelling account of the program’s success. Three of the student responses contained the following reflections: • I was welcomed to the office’s weekly staff meeting, which was a great chance for me to really see what was going on in the entire office. • I really enjoyed the opportunity to see how a university operates on a day-to-day basis. We are so far removed from this in our home departments. I enjoyed being able to sit in on important meetings to understand the issues the University faces and how it will approach them. This was helpful in terms of understanding how universities operate and also how organizations in general operate. As a result of this internship, I am definitely considering academic administration as a career option down the line. I am very happy I had this opportunity at this point in my career. • The workshops on the university and on administrative career paths run by the Dean of GSAS and by other academic officers from throughout the University were very insightful. The offices were no less enthusiastic about the value added to their work by the students they hosted: • [The intern] was a pleasure to work with. The experience and insight that she brought to the office were incredibly valuable. She caught on very quickly, especially since these projects were more technical in nature. She adapted, learned, and was able to contribute to these efforts effectively. • [The intern’s] previous experiences as both an instructor and student provided great insight on how best to approach the needs and end goal of this project. He provided critical research/analysis and regularly met with key members of our office and outside units to help push this effort along. One may lament the fact that academic administration (as opposed to the faculty ranks) is the fastest growing segment of academic employment, but the reality is that the career of university administrator typically requires the doctoral degree as an entering qualification. As such, academic administration will become increasingly an employment path for our alwaysremarkable graduates. Hence, I am happy to announce that Internships in Academic Administration is slated to be repeated in fall of 2014 and that it will remain a fixture in the Graduate School’s yearly programming for its students. We are also hoping to expand the project soon to nonacademic institutions in New York. Carlos J. Alonso Dean, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Morris A. and Alma Schapiro Professor in the Humanities These internships are also an excellent example of the enriching opportunities that are made possible by alumni contributions to the Graduate School’s annual fund. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Defining Identity: Examining Diversity Initiatives at Columbia By Alexander Gelfand Article 02 : page 4 When Andrea Morris first came across a job listing for the newly created position of Assistant Dean for Academic Diversity in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences—a position she has held since September 2013—she wasn’t really looking to leave her post as a tenured associate professor of biology at Haverford College. Something about the ad caught her attention, though—namely, the word academic. Morris already had plenty of experience, both personal and professional, on the front lines of the effort to increase diversity in higher education. The daughter of Jamaican immigrants and a Haverford alumna, she was the first African-American woman to graduate from Princeton with a Ph.D. in molecular biology. After returning to Haverford, Morris served on the college’s Committee on Diversity and as a faculty adviser to its Multicultural Scholars and Chesick Scholars programs, which provide support for first-generation, underrepresented, and underprivileged students; lectured widely on diversity in higher education; and established herself as a prominent researcher, earning the first National Institutes of Health Career Development Award ever given to a faculty member at a small liberal arts college. Nonetheless, Morris says that she did not necessarily think of diversity as something that was tied to the academic mission of a college or university, as opposed to something that lived in the realm of social justice. Reading that GSAS job posting sparked an epiphany of sorts. “This is the heart of the matter, right? This is why it’s really important,” Morris says of the University’s decision to locate diversity at the center of its intellectual mission. “We’re a better institution for this commitment.” superscript : contents That commitment to diversity as a core academic responsibility is made manifest in a variety of ways, from the five-year, $30 million commitment the University announced in 2012 to advance the recruitment of underrepresented minority and female scholars, to the growing variety of pipeline programs designed to encourage students from such groups to pursue graduate studies in the first place. It is a commitment that has been influenced by the past decade or so of research into the benefits of diversity, and by changing notions of what diversity really means. And its effects can already be seen in the day-to-day experiences of those who make up the Columbia community. Diversity and Doxa Contemporary ideas of diversity—its meaning, its value, how it can and ought to be addressed—have been shaped by decades of legislation, litigation, and research. Fueled by the civil rights movement and by the executive orders issued by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson that first introduced the phrase “affirmative action” to the American lexicon, early efforts at enhancing student diversity in higher education focused on increasing the numbers of historically underrepresented groups: racial and ethnic minorities and, eventually, women. Over time, however, the definition of campus diversity expanded to encompass socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, religious belief, and more. This move toward what Carlos Alonso, Dean of GSAS and Vice President for Graduate Education, calls a more “ample” conception of diversity was accompanied by a recognition that numbers alone were not enough, and that intangibles such as cultural climate—the extent to which difference was 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 accepted or even celebrated in an institution, and to which members of a diverse community interacted with one another and felt valued and respected by their peers—also mattered, particularly if the benefits of diversity were to be fully realized. Those benefits, meanwhile, came into considerably sharper focus, in part thanks to the repeated legal assaults on affirmative action in higher education. The 2003 Supreme Court cases of Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger were especially influential. Gratz successfully challenged the affirmative action policies of the primary undergraduate college of the University of Michigan when headed by Lee C. Bollinger, now President of Columbia, while Grutter unsuccessfully challenged those of its law school. Both cases inspired a surge in social science research on the role of diversity in higher education, some of which was cited by the Court in its rulings. When Justice Sandra Day O’Connor wrote for the majority in Grutter that diversity “promotes learning outcomes” and has “substantial, important, and laudable educational benefits,” she was echoing the work of Patricia Gurin, a professor of psychology at Michigan, who submitted an expert report to the Court asserting that diversity is “likely to increase effortful, active thinking” and to spur “growth in intellectual and academic skills.” Nevertheless, attempts to overturn affirmative action policies have continued. In 2012 the Court heard the case Fisher v. University of Texas and returned it to a lower court for review; in 2014 the Court heard Schuette v. BAMN and upheld a ban on affirmative action enacted by Michigan voters. These challenges come even as researchers—such as psychologist and former Columbia Provost Claude Steele, whose work on stereotype threat examines how a student’s social identity affects classroom performance—have collected more data showing that diversity leads to a wide variety of benefits for minority and majority students alike. Meanwhile, Scott Page, a professor of complex systems, political science, and economics at Michigan, began presenting formal proof for what has come to be known as the business case for diversity: the argument that diversity leads to more innovation and better problem-solving. Though Page was careful to point out that “identity diversity” arising from differences in categories such as race and ethnicity does not necessarily lead to “cognitive diversity,” or variations in ways of thinking, he did contend that the two were often strongly correlated, thanks to the concomitant range of life experiences that differences in personal history and background tend to engender. C3 Summit participants gather for the Saturday morning workshop “You, Me, We: Who Gets to Fully Participate in the Academy, and How?” presented by Susan Sturm (George M. Jaffin Professor of Law and Social Responsibility and founding director of the Center for Institutional and Social Change, Columbia Law School), and Shirley Collado, Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of the College, and associate professor of psychology, Middlebury College. Photo by Lee Wexler. Article 02 : page 6 Undergraduate participants in the 2014 GSAS Summer Research Program Page’s assertion that “in diversity lies value,” and his claim that varied perspectives and cognitive tools allow mixed groups of people to innovate and solve problems more rapidly than homogeneous ones, supported the growing consensus among business leaders that diversity was good for the bottom line—a consensus that was soon echoed in the precincts of higher education. When Alonso, for example, contends that “doxa” and “canonical ideas” would arise if everyone at Columbia possessed the same background, and that, by contrast, diversity is a means of keeping the “creative juices of the institution flowing,” he is in essence making the business case for diversity in academia. So too is Andrew Davidson, Vice Provost for Academic Planning, when he describes a reciprocal relationship between diversity and academic excellence. “At the end of the day, we want to be the go-to place for the world’s greatest academic scholars,” says Davidson, whose office is responsible for building a diverse body of faculty. “And we can’t achieve that aspiration unless we can realize our core values of inclusion and excellence.” Expanding “Diversity” Acknowledging the link between diversity and academic quality is one thing, however. The trick lies in creating the conditions under which diversity is not only achieved, but under which it can yield the fruits that Gurin, Page, et al. describe—a task that demands superscript : contents an array of programs as diverse as the community of scholars that the University seeks to foster. If statistical diversity represents only one step in this process, it is nonetheless the first one; and to achieve it, the University must attract a variegated population of students and faculty. Fortunately, Columbia is hardly new to that game. For the past 25 years, for instance, GSAS has hosted the Summer Research Program (SRP), an 8- to 10week program for undergraduates from historically underrepresented backgrounds. Since 1993, the SRP, which belongs to a class of pipeline programs designed to carry students from college to graduate school, has been sponsored by the Leadership Alliance, a consortium that was founded with the ideal of increasing participation by ethnic and racial minorities pursuing graduate studies in the sciences at leading research universities. Yet GSAS has broadened the definition of “underrepresented” to match its expansive conception of diversity itself—a conception that goes beyond the relatively narrow categories of race and ethnicity to embrace the kind of experiential diversity espoused by Page. Andrea Morris, who now runs the program and is actively involved in recruitment, says that this shift in emphasis is already changing the face of the SRP cohort, making it more racially and ethnically mixed and opening the door to a broader range of 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 students. And while she doesn’t want to lose sight of the need to redress the inequities that racial and ethnic minorities have historically confronted on the road to academia, she also believes that it is “a great moment to say yes” to a prospective SRP student who, for example, may be a white male, but is also the first in his family to attend college. In any event, the goals of the Summer Research Program remain the same: to give underrepresented students the opportunity to conduct graduate-level research under the supervision of Columbia faculty, in hopes that the experience will encourage them to pursue academic careers. And it appears to be working: SRP alumni have gone on to pursue Ph.D.’s at Columbia in fields ranging from English literature to the biomedical sciences. Marcel Aguëros, ’96CC, a 1994 alumnus of the SRP and assistant professor of astronomy at the University, directs another pipeline program, Bridge to the Ph.D. The Bridge program offers members of underrepresented groups who hold undergraduate degrees and intend to pursue doctorates in the natural sciences the chance to conduct research for two years under the supervision of Columbia faculty, postdocs, and graduate students. Bridge participants also receive services like writing workshops and GRE prep to help them succeed in the program and in the graduate school admission process. (Bridge program graduates have gone on to Ph.D. programs at such institutions as Dartmouth, Johns Hopkins, the University of Michigan, the Success is not guaranteed to anyone, regardless of race, color, social status, or creed; but the challenges faced by underrepresented groups can make their path to the professoriate even rockier, and the support provided by mentors and cohorts even more crucial. Article 02 : page 8 University of Washington, Yale, and Columbia, among others.) The program is designed to patch the infamously leaky pipeline for minorities in the sciences: according to a 2010 report by the National Academy of Sciences, underrepresented minorities accounted for 30 percent of the U.S. population in 2007, but only 6 percent of people earning science and engineering doctorates. But like many such initiatives, it could prove influential beyond its original scope. For example, a study by Eric Bettinger of Stanford University found that less than half of all students who had intended to major in a STEM field actually graduated with a degree in one. In that context, the Bridge program’s successes could illuminate strategies for helping anyone, regardless of background or field of interest, advance toward a terminal degree. Creating Connections The idea that programs intended to smooth the path to academia for members of underrepresented groups could serve the broader interests of the University is central to another, more recent addition to Columbia’s quiver of diversity initiatives: the Creating Connections Consortium, or C3. Emerging from conversations between members of the Liberal Arts Diversity Officers (LADO) consortium and administrators at Columbia and the University of California at Berkeley, C3 is unusual among programs of its kind insofar as its pipeline flows in more than one direction. LADO members wanted to increase faculty diversity at their liberal arts colleges while sending more of their undergraduates—especially ones from underrepresented groups—on to graduate programs at top-tier research institutions, while Columbia and Berkeley wished to recruit a more diverse body of graduate students and expose their newly minted Ph.D.’s to an oft-overlooked job market. The result was a uniquely reciprocal arrangement, designed in conjunction with the Center for Institutional and Social Change at Columbia University Law School. Beginning this year, underrepresented students from LADO member colleges can apply for eight-week summer research internships at either Columbia or Berkeley, with mentoring provided by doctoral students and senior faculty, while underrepresented graduate students from Columbia and Berkeley can apply for twoyear postdoctoral fellowships at Middlebury, Connecticut, and Williams Colleges. The postdocs will be grouped into cohorts of three per college. First-generation college student Nathaniel G. Nesmith, Ph.D. ‘13, Theatre, has joined the C3 Fellows at Middlebury, while Seema Golestaneh, who is completing her Ph.D. in anthropology, is one of the C3 Fellows at Connecticut College. Students and alumni of the Bridge to the Ph.D. Program If the SRP and Bridge to the Ph.D. address recruitment and retention, C3 adds professional development to the mix. When a diverse squad of tenured faculty from LADO member colleges came to Columbia last November to speak with doctoral students and recent graduates about C3, they devoted an entire panel discussion to life at liberal arts colleges—a discussion that dealt primarily with the nitty-gritty of teaching, research, and promotion, and touched only occasionally on issues of gender, ethnicity, and the like. In the end, says Shirley Collado, Vice President of Student Affairs and Dean of Middlebury College and cofounder of LADO and C3, the larger goal of the initiative is to reap the lasting benefits of diversity, not, as Collado puts it, in a “Kumbaya kind of way,” but in the practical sense of helping everyone in the pipeline to succeed in the academic communities they call home. That success is not guaranteed to anyone, regardless of race, color, social status, or creed; but the challenges faced by underrepresented groups can make their path to the professoriate even rockier, and the support provided by mentors and cohorts even more crucial. Collado, for example, credits the Posse Foundation, a nonprofit that sends groups, or “posses,” of urban students to schools across the country and supports them with mentoring and other superscript : contents services, with getting her through her undergraduate years at Vanderbilt University. But she also recalls how difficult it was to be the only Hispanic student in the doctoral program in clinical psychology, and the only woman in her cohort, at Duke University; and how hard it was not to have a graduate school mentor who could understand her lived experience. All in all, she says, “It’s amazing that I made it through.” Morris, meanwhile, recounts how one particular Haverford professor took her by the hand and set her on the road to a career in science at a time when she “couldn’t imagine being at a place like Princeton in molecular biology”; but she also speaks quite candidly about how isolated she felt once she got there (she was one of very few students of color in the department), and how difficult it was to forge close and supportive relationships with faculty who simply could not identify with her on a personal level. Morris’s mixed experiences with mentoring, and the sense of isolation she experienced in graduate school, are hardly uncommon. Devon Wade, a doctoral candidate and Paul F. Lazarsfeld Fellow in sociology, is equally candid about the ups and downs of his own time here at Columbia. As an undergraduate at Louisiana State University, Wade was a McNair Scholar, receiving support from a federally funded program that prepares minorities and first-generation college students for 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 doctoral study. He also participated in the University of Chicago’s Summer Research Program and has received funding from the Ford Foundation and the National Science Foundation while at Columbia. Nevertheless, navigating the byways of Morningside Heights has not always been easy. When he arrived on campus, Wade found it difficult to establish relationships with tenured faculty who looked like him and shared his research interests (he is black, and his scholarship focuses on race and ethnicity, social inequality, and crime). And though he has found support both inside and outside his department, he did at first “long for faculty of color” who were engaged in work similar to his own. He also couldn’t help but notice how rarely he ran across other graduate students of color, partly because GSAS currently lacks a formal association for underrepresented graduate students. “Grad school in general is difficult because it’s isolating,” Wade says; but he adds that it is even more isolating when you are the only person of color in your cohort, for example, or the only first-generation college student from a state school. And that’s not just bad for the individual who feels alienated; it’s also bad for the University, which will never realize the benefits of diversity unless everyone within its walls is fully engaged in the academic community. This is, in part, why Morris has been talking to students like Wade about reestablishing an organization for underrepresented students within GSAS. It is also, in part, why the University intends to use the $30 million pledged in 2012 not only to recruit a diverse corps of graduate students, postdocs, and faculty but also to provide them with the mentoring and professional development opportunities that will help them flourish. Diverse Applications There is, however, no one-size-fits-all solution to either increasing or leveraging diversity across an institution as large and as complex as the University, which is itself composed of many different schools and departments, each with its own history, priorities, and needs. That is why every school was asked to develop its own threeyear diversity plan and made responsible for Article 02 : page 10 Andrea Morris, Assistant Dean for Academic Diversity at GSAS determining how best to employ tools such as the new Provost’s Fellowships, which are aimed at recruiting Ph.D. students from traditionally underrepresented groups. (While the School of Nursing might legitimately consider men to be an underrepresented minority, for example, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science would not.) One can already see those plans in action, often dovetailing with long-standing efforts at encouraging diversity within the various schools— some of which have their own compelling reasons for pursuing greater inclusivity. Linda P. Fried, Dean of the Mailman School of Public Health, cites both general arguments in favor of diversity (e.g., our responsibility as a society “not to permit the waste of talent and intellect”) and ones that flow more directly from the goals and responsibilities of her institution: to train professionals who can work with colleagues, not to mention populations, whose backgrounds may be quite different from their own; to untangle the factors that drive the serious disparities in health outcomes that exist among people both at home and abroad—factors that include race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Consequently, when the School overhauled its curriculum two years ago, it added a daylong orientation session on cultural awareness; and for the past five years, it has been strengthening its faculty and student pipelines. The federally funded Initiative for Maximizing Student Development, for example, aims to boost the numbers of underrepresented students who receive graduate training in public health by providing full-time doctoral students with research assistantships, strong mentoring relationships with Mailman faculty, and workshops on topics like coping strategies for graduate school. Dean Bobbie Berkowitz, meanwhile, had already made diversity one of the principal goal areas in the School of Nursing’s broader strategic plan, a decision that led to the appointment of Vivian Taylor as the School’s first Associate Dean for Diversity and Cultural Affairs in 2013. The push for greater diversity aligns well with nursing’s historic commitment to social justice; but according to both Berkowitz and Taylor, it also has an eminently practical component. Nurses, after all, work in interdisciplinary teams, and they must often cooperate with, and care for, people whose backgrounds they do not share. Like their colleagues at Mailman, they must also attend to what Berkowitz describes as the “social determinants of health,” including the discrimination and stereotyping that can lead to unequal treatment and access to care. That, says Berkowitz, is a problem the School would like to fix, in part by ensuring that its own graduates don’t carry such attitudes with them into the workplace. Toward that end, the School has been weaving training in cultural competencies—the skills required to work effectively in cross-cultural situations—into its curriculum, and engaging students and faculty alike in conversations about diversity through surveys, retreats, and committee work. It is also working on recruitment and retention. For example, the School’s Combined B.S./M.S. Entry to Practice (ETP) Program, an accelerated nursing program for non-nurse college graduates, recently began awarding scholarships to enhance the diversity of its students. Funding is provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation through its New Careers superscript : contents in Nursing (NCIN) program, which requires that mentorship and leadership development activities be made available to all recipients. Elizabeth Gary, a first-year ETP student and NCIN scholar from Brooklyn, recognized that a lack of effective mentoring played a significant role in her decision to quit the premed program at Bowdoin College. Gary, who is black, had dreamed of a career in health care since her teens. But by her junior year, the academic and social pressure she felt had become overwhelming, especially since her assigned adviser had gone AWOL. So Gary was delighted when she received a survey asking her to list her preferences for an NCIN mentor—”fitting me to a mentor,” as she says, “rather than just assigning me to one who doesn’t understand where I’m coming from.” Gary describes her current faculty mentor, Tawandra Rowell-Cunsolo, an assistant professor of social welfare science, as part therapist, part academic coach: someone to whom she can speak candidly, and who has a knack for keeping her on track. As a member of the Committee for Diversity and Student Retention, Gary is now is trying to figure out how the NCIN mentoring model could be scaled up and applied to all incoming ETP students—perhaps by assigning them peer mentors or placing them in study groups with accompanying faculty advisers. What’s happening at Mailman and the School of Nursing illustrates how Columbia’s commitment to diversity is being realized at the local level, and how the various initiatives being undertaken contribute to what Alonso calls the goal of “normalizing” diversity within the institution: of ensuring that diversity does not “sit on the sidelines of academic and intellectual life,” but instead “suffuses the ongoing project of the pursuit of knowledge at the University.” Yet it also demonstrates how programs designed to enhance diversity can benefit not only those at whom they are specifically targeted but also the broader Columbia community; how diversity initiatives not only serve a common good but in fact represent one. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 A Meteorologist for the Millennial Generation By Andrew Ng In September 2013, the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a 1,500-page report that stated, in boldface, “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.” It also stated, “Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system. Limiting climate change will require substantial and sustained reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.” people, Holthaus drew international attention when numerous news outlets publicized his tweets with headlines such as “IPCC Report Makes US Meteorologist Cry” (The Guardian) and “The Meteorologist’s Meltdown” (The Daily Beast). During the ensuing Internet frenzy, Holthaus gained his share of supporters as well as critics, earning monikers as varied as “rebel nerd” (Rolling Stone) and “drama queen” (Fox News). Some commenters even suggested that he commit suicide if he really wanted to reduce his carbon footprint. For meteorologist Eric Holthaus, M.A. ’06, Climate and Society, this report hit especially hard. On his medium of choice, Twitter, he broadcast the following to his then roughly 15,000 followers: Four months later, it was time for Holthaus to put his very public vow to its first test. He had to travel from his home in Wisconsin to the annual meeting of the American Meteorological Society in Atlanta, Georgia. He opted for a 400-mile bus ride, tweeting the following on the road: I just broke down in tears in boarding area at SFO while on phone with my wife. I’ve never cried because of a science report before. #IPCC I realized, just now: This has to be the last flight I ever take. I’m committing right now to stop flying. It’s not worth the climate. In today’s world, it’s not unusual to announce a lifestyle change on social media. But unlike most Article 03 : page 12 I’m taking a #noflybusride to #ams2014 because it’s the best mode of transit for the climate. Not everyone is going to choose to take the bus over plane because of the climate. We have to start somewhere. Afterward, he wrote an article for Slate titled “I Spent 28 Hours on a Bus. I Loved It.” immediately into an M.S. program in Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma, chasing tornadoes from New Mexico to South Dakota. The transition from social work to scientific research was jarring. “My brain couldn’t handle the extreme transition,” he says. “I wanted something that blended both worlds.” So in 2005, he enrolled in Columbia’s M.A. Program in Climate and Society as part of its second-ever cohort. Housed at the Earth Institute, Eric Holthaus. Photo by Karen Edquist. this interdisciplinary program explores the impacts of climate change from both a scientific and social perspective, *** with an emphasis on the developing world. As a For the 33-year-old Holthaus, the journey to student, Holthaus was able to continue the interest becoming a “rebel nerd of meteorology” began in that began with that seminal spring-break experience. the American Midwest and includes stops in Latin For his master’s thesis, “The Social Justice of Weather: America, Columbia, and the villages of Ethiopia Hurricane Risk Management for Development in Latin along the way. America and the Caribbean,” he traveled to Cuba and Honduras to interview residents about their His fascination with the weather started while experiences with hurricanes and investigated the growing up in Kansas. “The sky is so big there,” he factors that make a country more or less vulnerable says. “I would watch thunderstorms and wonder to severe weather. Working with Columbia scientists how they worked.” Later, while pursuing a bachelor’s Mark Cane, John Mutter, and Walter Baethgen, he degree in meteorology from St. Louis University, created a vulnerability index based on correlations he had an encounter that would forever focus his between hurricane mortality and human development professional interests on not just the weather but indicators used by the United Nations, such as the social justice of weather. deforestation, infant mortality, and income. “St. Louis University was big on service,” he says. “The M.A. in Climate and Society does more than “You thought of yourself as a citizen of the world explain how the climate system works,” says Cynthia first, and how you can make the world a better Thomson, assistant director of the program. “It also place. On a spring-break service trip to Mexico, I covers the challenges it poses to people around the met refugees from Honduras, who had just suffered world and how to address them. We’re a great fit through Hurricane Mitch. I realized these severe for people like Eric who really want to help societies weather events have big consequences outside the cope with all the challenges that climate change United States. In places like Central America, the and climate variability throw at them.” effect can linger for decades. That’s when I geared my professional interests toward severe weather and climate change—it’s what matters most in my field.” Following graduation, he volunteered for a year with migrant farm workers in Oregon, then jumped superscript : contents Holthaus earned his M.A. in 2006 and stayed on at the Earth Institute for another six years, working for its International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), which is based at Columbia’s Lamont campus in Palisades, New 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 York. As part of the institute’s Millennium Villages Project, he helped scientist Cheryl Palm develop a drought-based crop insurance program for villages in Africa—a program that uses environmental indicators like rainfall (or lack thereof) to trigger automatic payments to farmers. Later, Oxfam America approached the IRI to extend the same idea to communities in Ethiopia. “Eric came at a time when the project was transitioning from an experimental pilot to something bigger,” says Daniel Osgood, IRI research scientist and Holthaus’s supervisor for the Ethiopia project. “His personality and talent were valuable in the field, where we were scaling it up from a couple of villages to dozens of villages.” To this day, Holthaus continues to consult on drought-based insurance for subsistence farmers in Ethiopia, this time in partnership with the Japanese International Cooperation Agency. “These farmers make about a dollar a day,” Holthaus says. “We’re trying to provide a safety net for them when the weather goes bad.” *** While working at the IRI, Holthaus started dabbling in two things that would eventually come to dominate his professional life: journalism and Twitter. In 2011 the Wall Street Journal decided to start a local weather blog, and the editor reached out to Holthaus through a mutual friend. Holthaus’s blog gained some traction during Hurricane Irene in August 2011, but it wasn’t until Superstorm Sandy in October 2012 that his weather coverage really caught on. In the span of one week, he spent more than a hundred hours tweeting and blogging about Sandy, even though he was in Arizona at the time. He sent the first tweet eight days prior to landfall, and his tweets grew more and more breathless as Sandy approached: Odds are increasing that a hybrid “snor’eastercane” could hit Greater New York early next week. Article 03 : page 14 Normally conservative HPC [Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]: “CHANCES INCREASING FOR A MAJOR STORM IMPACTING THE MID ATLANTIC AND NORTHEAST.” Our latest snor’eastercane update. My odds for NYC impacts from #Sandy are now 2-in-3. yikes. this is what #Sandy looks like RIGHT NOW. yikes . . . yikes. The government’s 7-day thoughts on #Sandy. Look out, NYC. #Sandy and its destined midwestern cold front are starting to catch sight of each other . . . #Sandy’s circulation has grown to about 1000mi diameter. This thing is a monster. As a result of his unflagging coverage, Holthaus’s Twitter following grew from 2,000 to 14,000, and he was invited to speak about the experience as part of an American Meteorological Society panel the following January. “I tried to raise every alarm I could,” he says. “This was the worst storm that New York City would see in over 200 years. I tried to translate the technical information coming from the National Weather Service so that I and the public could understand it.” The experience also inculcated in him the value of Twitter. “It’s my primary source of story ideas and for getting responses to what I write. I can’t imagine my job without it now,” he says. (Until recently, his @EricHolthaus profile page featured a photo of the Empire State Building getting struck by lightning, in front of a banner featuring Columbia’s Schermerhorn Hall.) A year after the Sandy experience, Holthaus’s 140-character communiqués received widespread attention again, this time for a more personal reason: his no-fly vow. “I had thought about giving up flying before, on my flights to and from Ethiopia,” he says. “But the IPCC report was the trigger. It contained giant disaster scenarios out of sci-fi movies, and yet society was doing nothing about it. I thought, I have to start somewhere. To me, flying was a symbol of continuing with our current system without caring about the consequences. I couldn’t live with that on a personal level.” The ensuing media attention shocked Holthaus and reinforced the notion that drastic lifestyle changes spurred by concern over climate change are still difficult to fathom. “I thought my vow wasn’t that big of a deal. I understand the extreme reactions to it, because the solutions to climate change are extreme. People say I’m an alarmist, but if you look at the numbers, extreme solutions are necessary.” *** In January 2014 Holthaus joined Slate as a full-time writer, reporting on weather and climate across the country from his home base in Wisconsin. With articles ranging from “Coming Winter Storm Will Basically Make the South Like The Walking Dead” to “California’s Rainiest Week in More Than Two Years Is Freaking People Out,” Holthaus has found a niche that leverages both his meteorology background and his distinctive millennial-generation voice. In his very first article, he interviewed Weather Channel CEO David Kenny about the beloved network that he grew up with in the eighties and nineties, even confessing that he used to wait excitedly for the “Tropical Update” at 58 minutes past the hour. In recent years, however, the channel has shifted to more reality programming like Highway Thru Hell and Coast Guard Alaska. It’s a shift that disappoints Holthaus and symbolizes the reduced emphasis on science in popular culture. “Carl Sagan used to talk on TV about nuclear winter—he saved the world because he made us terrified of nuclear war,” Holthaus says. “We have no one like that now for climate change. The Weather Channel has a chance to do it if they dedicate themselves to the weather, science, and climate. They realize they’ve gotten off track, and they’re trying to steer it back.” On a broader scale, communicating about climate change—and getting past the politics of it—remains an ongoing challenge for meteorologists, journalists, and policymakers alike. Holthaus’s strategy is to take the offensive. He’s critical of the disclaimer mentality that pervades climate change communication: “Every time there’s a severe weather event, it’s as if scientists are required to say, ‘This event may not be directly caused by climate change, but events like it will become more typical with climate change.’ I think the science supports a link between every extreme weather event and climate change, even if it’s currently undetectable—it may be a small connection today, but the connections will only increase. To me, it’s irresponsible to say otherwise.” Consider it another vow: As long as the Internet’s around, Holthaus will continue to spread the word about our changing planet, one tweet at a time. Sandy images from NOAA and NASA superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Anna Karenina on a Roller Coaster By Robert Ast Article 04 : page 16 Two men saw something on the top of a hill. The first one said: “It’s a bird.” The second one said: “No. It’s a goat.” They argued—bird, goat, bird, goat—until the first one threw a stone at it, and it flew away. genre movie. To get that balance was the difficult part. We spoke with everyone: Israeli secret services, Israeli army guys on the ground, Hamas militants, Palestinian authorities, Christians in Bethlehem. The details in the film are based on something real.” The second one said: “That’s a goat, even if it flies!” Half language game, half parable, this monologue that appears near the climax of the film Bethlehem is perhaps the only clue that the spare psychological thriller was directed by a philosopher—Yuval Adler, Ph.D. ’99, Philosophy. After a varied career that, in addition to his time in academia, featured stints in real estate and as a quant for a hedge fund, Adler turned to filmmaking and made his directorial debut with Bethlehem, which traces the complicated Yuval Adler relationship between a Palestinian informant and his Israeli handler during the second Intifada. Adler, a native of Israel who currently resides in Tel Aviv and worked in military intelligence during his service in the Israel Defense Forces, cowrote the film with Ali Waked, a Palestinian. The two worked for years to collect materials and craft a script that would have the correct tone. “We worked together for three and a half, almost four years. It’s a very complex thing,” Adler recalls. “We wanted something that’s both authentic and a superscript : contents The film begins in medias res, with the protagonist Sanfur torn between his loyalty to his brother, a Palestinian militant, and the closer relationship he has with Razi, his handler. “We thought about showing the recruitment, but we couldn’t have a 12-hour film,” Adler remarks. “It’s a long process; it can take a year before they start to use an asset. The handler’s job is to create intimacy. It’s about slowly developing a relationship with someone, seeing what’s missing in their world and giving it to them.” Sanfur’s position between two worlds becomes increasingly untenable as the story progresses, and indeed much of the film’s power stems from the escalating tension of the narrative. But there are also small moments that go against the plot-driven conventions of the thriller genre—a character vomiting in the middle of a chase sequence, for example—that give Bethlehem a verisimilitude absent from most films of its type. This attention to detail is the result not only of Adler and Waked’s thorough research but also of Adler’s philosophical training. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 “Both philosophy and film come from a deeper root,” Adler says. “You’re trying to understand the world by being open to it. There’s something similar in the way that philosophy and film offer a way to explore the world after observing it.” Adler combined his studies in analytic philosophy with instruction in sculpture under the artist Judy Pfaff, then a professor at Columbia’s School of the Arts and now at Bard College. In fact, the two come together in his dissertation, which examines metaphysics and indexicality (the condition of always being situated somewhere within the world and seeing from a certain viewpoint) and, as an example, discusses the ability to differentiate a statue from a chunk of clay. Pfaff remarks that, although it was somewhat unusual for a Ph.D. candidate to request to study with her, admitting Adler was “a no-brainer.” “He was just so unusual for me in his intelligence and his approach to art, and he took it on really, really easily,” she recalls. “He was very knowledgeable of aesthetics and the current art world. I’ve never seen anyone as confident and as bright. Images from Bethlehem courtesty of Adopt Films, LLC. Article 04 : page 18 “Unlike most scholars or academicians, he’s very physical. He’s an imposing man. It wasn’t just fun working with him—he tested me, and I was forced to kind of ask questions of him and of the work.” Pfaff also remarked upon another quality that would serve Adler well in preparing for Bethlehem. “He doesn’t hang around with trendy art people or egghead academics. He really likes the street—real people with real lives, and some of those lives are dangerous. He had kind of an instinct about the underbelly of things.” Ultimately, though, the experience of making a film was quite different from either his art or his scholarship. “After being in art and academia, where you’re so alone and so in control of what you’re doing, film is the most opposite place you can be,” Adler says. “You are constantly dealing with people and trying to be creative and fight with people and answer questions. It’s very difficult to deal with so many people in such an intense environment in such a short amount of time. There’s a famous director, I forget who, who said it’s like trying to write Anna Karenina on a roller coaster.” Bethlehem was named Best Film in the Venice Days section of the 2013 Venice Film Festival and received six Ophirs (the Israeli Oscar), including Best Screenplay for Adler and Waked, Best Director for Adler, and Best Film. The film was released in the United States this spring and earned positive reviews: Manohla Dargis of The New York Times praised its complexity; in Variety Leslie Felperin remarked on Adler’s “confident grasp of pace, place and thesp[ian] handling.” Much of the praise for the film, however, has focused on its nuanced treatment of IsraeliPalestinian relations—not on its cinematic qualities. “In Israel reactions were remarkably positive, both on the left and the right,” Adler says. “Outside Israel, it’s been branded as right wing or left wing; this wasn’t the case here. When the film opened in France and Germany, they liked the film, but they just talk about the politics. They don’t talk about the film as a film at all—it’s completely about the politics. superscript : contents “We tried with each of the three main characters to make them as authentic, interesting, and threedimensional as possible: each is great in his own way. We didn’t idolize, didn’t judge, and we didn’t think about making some grand political statement. I think when you see something like this, you should be open to just looking at the people and not looking for symbols. Let them be people.” The success of Bethlehem, which featured largely unprofessional actors and was produced on a small budget, has presented new opportunities in the film industry, and Adler has already begun working on his next project. But, ever the polymath, Adler continues to work in philosophy, teaching a graduate seminar on Martin Heidegger at Bar-Ilan University, and also plans to write a book on the Book of Job. He notes, however, that cinema offers something unique. “When you sit at home alone in your underwear and have an idea that no one cares about, and then later there’s a film in the world, it’s amazing. There’s nothing like it.” 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 The New Graduate On April 9, 2014, the new Graduate Student Center officially opened in 301 Philosophy Hall. Featuring a lounge area, conference room, pantry, and other enhancements, the Center offers a dedicated space on campus for formal and informal interaction among graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and faculty across a variety of disciplines. On April 8 a ribbon-cutting ceremony took place with President Lee Bollinger, GSAS Dean Carlos J. Alonso, Provost John Coatsworth, Executive Vice President David Madigan, GSAS Senior Associate Dean Andrea Solomon, architect Robert Siegel, GSAS Alumni Board Chair Louis Parks, and representatives from the Graduate Student Advisory Council. Also in attendance was a gathering of alumni, students, faculty, and administrators. S tudy P ods L ounge The Center was designed by Robert Siegel, ’90GSAPP. Study Pods E ntrance Smaller areas to the side are ideal for small-group discussions or individual study. S eminar R oom Seminar Room Located in the adjacent room 302, a redesigned conference room is available for seminars, meetings, and presentations. Article 05 : page 20 Student Center Lounge ounge ntrance With ample natural light and a state-of-the-art acoustic system designed to reduce background noise, the lounge is the focal point of the new Center. The chairs and tables can be reconfigured into different setups, while an audiovisual system is available for presentations, conferences, and film screenings. C af é Café The Center’s café, Nous Espresso Bar, offers food and beverages for purchase. P antry Entrance Glass doors mark the entrance to the new Center on the ground floor of Philosophy Hall. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Anita Demkiv M.A. ’04, Regional Studies: Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe Interview by Andrew Ng Why did you decide to pursue a master’s degree at Columbia? What are your thoughts on the current political and civil unrest in Ukraine? I was assigned to Ukraine when I volunteered for the Peace Corps from 1999 to 2001. I taught at Odessa National University. The Peace Corps volunteers not only taught classes but also engaged in an exchange of cultures with the people there. I became charmed by the culture and gained a level of affection for the Ukrainian people. I stayed in the country for another year and a half as a coordinator for the International Renaissance Foundation, a consultant for the World Bank in Kiev, and a Peace Corps Volunteer trainer. So my experiences in Ukraine were really the springboard for pursuing an M.A. in Russian, Eurasian, and Eastern European Studies. I became fascinated with the post-Soviet legacy and its lasting influence. I think that Ukraine is facing three main challenges. The first is how the new government will represent the eastern and southern parts of the country effectively, so that Russian speakers and ethnic Russians don’t feel marginalized. Citizens in those areas tend to think that the conflict boils down to an East-West dichotomy. But the uprising was about overturning a corrupt government. Second, the country is in an economic free fall. Ukraine can borrow money from the European Union and International Monetary Fund, but then they will have to put austerity measures in place, like reforming their energy policies and reducing gas and energy subsidies. Austerity measures will breed public dissatisfaction. Third, they have to build a new government, one that is more transparent and democratic. Many were disenchanted with the previous government, so I hope this will be a new step forward in democracy. What was your master’s thesis topic? I wrote about the Orange Revolution in Ukraine and the influence of NGOs in facilitating that revolution. Article 06 : page 22 student, I spent a lot of time in the School of International and Public Affairs building. I was exposed to events, conferences, and lectures that brought me up to speed on global issues. In my job, I focus mainly on the U.S. and Canada, but I also look at the whole world, including the Middle East, post-Soviet states, and China. You are also a GSAS alumni volunteer. How did you get involved? How was your experience at Columbia? Overall I loved my experience. I enjoyed the atmosphere and the interaction with students and professors. It was the chance of a lifetime. Regional Studies is a multidisciplinary program, and it’s not too easy to find those. Plus, I became interested in energy issues through Columbia—it’s what led me to my current profession as an oil market analyst. I came to appreciate the huge role that energy plays in Russia’s wealth and foreign affairs. What do you do as an oil market analyst? I research crude oil and respond to client inquiries about the research we provide. I also write special reports, which are in-depth studies on some aspect of the oil market. Are you able to leverage your M.A. experience in your job? Yes—besides giving me regional expertise, it also helps me look at energy issues from a multifaceted, geopolitical perspective. While I was an M.A. superscript : contents I attended an alumni mixer where Dean Alonso spoke sincerely and candidly about GSAS’s dedication to its students. His speech was very inspiring. That’s why I got involved. I’m part of the Leadership Advisory Council of the Alumni Association—I help to contact alumni on behalf of GSAS to get them involved. You received your Ph.D. in Global Affairs from Rutgers University in 2012, and you recently spoke at a “What Can You Be with a Ph.D.” event at the Columbia Alumni Center. How did that event go? I enjoyed motivating the attendees and helping them realize that a Ph.D. can open up a lot of doors. As great as academia is, you can apply the Ph.D. to many nonacademic areas. With today’s job market, seeking alternatives to academia is a reality that must be acknowledged. I imparted the need to establish a network, and I emphasized the value that a Ph.D. recipient can offer in terms of researching, writing, and presenting data in a clear and coherent way. I think that companies do appreciate the skill set that Ph.D.’s can offer. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Daniel Duzdevich ’09CC, M.A. ’12, M.Phil. ’13, Biological Sciences Interview by Andrew Ng On Darwin’s 205th birthday (February 12, 2014), Indiana University Press published your first book, Darwin’s On the Origin of Species: A Modern Rendition. How did the idea for this book come about? : Take me through your writing process. I’ve known for a long time that I want to be a biologist, so I tried to read On the Origin of Species in high school. But I couldn’t get through it—the writing was too convoluted. I came back to it in college, when it was assigned reading for a class taught by Professor Walter Bock. I have a habit of notating what I read, and I realized that I was making mostly stylistic changes to the text—changes that made the language clearer. Professor Bock suggested that I try ‘translating’ one chapter. I was happy with the result, so I kept working on it. My goal was to translate the Origin into stylistically lucid and clear text, without sacrificing content. I started with a paperback copy and broke it down into sentences and paragraphs with penciled-in notations, working piece by piece. This was slowly translated into the working manuscript. Then I meticulously cross-checked against the original to make sure I hadn’t altered content or Darwin’s meaning. After that—many, many rounds of rereading and rechecking. I also asked biologists and nonspecialists to critique the manuscript, which was very helpful. Has this been done before—a “translation” of the entire Origin into modern language? What was your biggest challenge in this project? No, but other writers have handled the Origin in different ways—for example, annotating it with Article 07 detailed notes and references, or layering modern science onto it. But no one had addressed the language directly, which was very surprising to me. page 24 In many ways, I’m an outsider. I’m a molecular biologist, not an evolutionary biologist—but I actually consider that an advantage because and feedback, she agreed to contribute. She wrote a terrific foreword with great details that will give someone who’s unfamiliar with the Origin all the necessary background. Photo by Chris Smith Having studied at both Columbia College and GSAS, how would you compare the two experiences? I approached the Origin without too many preconceptions. Also, I’m just a student “messing with” a masterpiece. But I didn’t undertake this project to challenge Darwin. I did it to give him a voice for a larger audience. Did you have a hard time balancing this project with all your obligations as a Ph.D. student? Yes, definitely. But I was careful not to compromise my graduate-school responsibilities. I’m an insomniac, so my habit was to work on the book late at night or early in the morning, after I had finished all my other work. I enjoy the ritual of writing, of having something else to turn to. Olivia Judson, an evolutionary biologist and award-winning writer, wrote the foreword for your book. How did that come about? Olivia Judson is one of my science-writing heroes. She has a style that is immediately engaging but also scientifically rigorous. I contacted her with the manuscript, and after some correspondence superscript : contents They’re very different. I chose the College for the Core Curriculum, and all those humanities classes—with students from every department mingling and arguing—were a highlight of my undergraduate years. As for the sciences, it was important for me to be at a research university, to be taught by active scientists. In graduate school, my focus is on research, engaging with the scientific community, designing experiments, and exchanging ideas. It’s a wonderful intellectual environment. What is your Ph.D. research on? I work at the Medical Center campus in the lab of Professor Eric Greene. Overall, we study how biological molecules interact with DNA, and my focus is on systems that manipulate DNA in complicated but very regulated ways. Using a technique originally developed by Professor Greene called “DNA curtains,” I can actually watch these interactions happening between individual molecules. Everyone in the Greene lab uses this technique, but we study different biological systems. How did you first get interested in biology? My passion happens to be a grade-school subject, so it was easy to discover. I was lucky to have teachers who brought enthusiasm to science classes, or otherwise encouraged me. At some point in high school I realized that scientists get to discover things. That did it for me. This interview has been condensed and edited; read the full interview on the GSAS website. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 On the Shelf Faculty Publications Do Muslim Women Need Saving? Reading Darwin in Arabic, 1860–1950 Lila Abu-Lughod, Anthropology Marwa Elshakry, History Offering detailed vignettes of the lives of ordinary Muslim women, Lila Abu-Lughod investigates gender inequality and the discourse surrounding it. Marwa Elshakry examines how Darwin’s ideas and other works about evolution influenced Arabic thought from the late 1860s to the mid-20th century. Breaking Out: An Indian Woman’s American Journey Deaths in Venice: The Cases of Gustav von Aschenbach Padma Desai, Economics Philip Kitcher, Philosophy In this memoir, Padma Desai describes her tumultuous road to assimilation and liberation with a scholar’s insights into culture and society and a novelist’s flair for language. Philip Kitcher examines Thomas Mann’s 1913 novella Death in Venice, as well as its subsequent adaptations into opera and film, from a philosophical perspective. William Kentridge and Nalini Malani: The Shadow Play as Medium of Memory Democracy Disfigured: Opinion, Truth, and the People Andreas Huyssen, Germanic Languages Nadia Urbinati focuses on technocrats, demagogues, and media operatives as covert threats to democratic society in an age of hyperpartisanship and media monopolies. Andreas Huyssen compares the work of artists William Kentridge of South Africa and Nalini Malani of India, both of whom belong to generations shaped by colonialism and decolonization. Article 08 : page 26 Nadia Urbinati, Political Science Alumni Publications Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History The Writers Afterlife Richard Vetere, M.A. ’74, English and Comparative Literature Alexander C. Cook (editor), Ph.D. ’07, East Asian Languages and Cultures This pioneering volume brings together a range of scholars to explore Mao Zedong’s Quotations from Chairman Mao as a phenomenon of world history. How to Write Anything: A Complete Guide In Richard Vetere’s novel, a deceased author arrives at an afterlife for writers—including Shakespeare and Tolstoy—and discovers a way to still achieve earthly fame. Breathless: An American Girl in Paris Nancy K. Miller, Ph.D. ’74, French and Romance Philology Laura Brown, M.A. ’86, M.Phil. ’89, Ph.D. ’96, English and Comparative Literature Laura Brown provides more than 200 how-to entries and models—organized into sections on work, school, and personal life—in this practical guide to writing. The Blazing World Siri Hustvedt, M.A. ’79, M.Phil. ’82, Ph.D. ’86, English and Comparative Literature Nancy K. Miller’s memoir chronicles her 1960s adventures in Paris after rebelling against the conventional expectations of young middle-class American women. Balinese Food: The Traditional Cuisine and Food Culture of Bali Vivienne Kruger, M.A. ’74, M.Phil. ’77, Ph.D. ’85, History Vivienne Kruger presents the full range of food experiences available in Bali and explores the island’s culinary art within the context of its religion, culture, and community life. The latest novel from Siri Hustvedt tells the story of a female artist who presents three successful exhibitions under the guise of male artists and the repercussions that follow. In Light of Another’s Word: European Ethnography in the Middle Ages Shirin A. Khanmohamadi, M.A. ’98, M.Phil. ’00, Ph.D. ’05, English and Comparative Literature Shirin A. Khanmohamadi challenges the traditional notion of medieval Europe as insular and xenophobic by examining the work of early ethnographic writers from that time. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences In Memoriam Article 09 : Kathryn Wasserman Davis M.A. ’31, International Relations Richard Heffner ’46CC, M.A. ’47, History Philanthropist and international relations scholar Kathryn Wasserman Davis died in April 2013 at 106. She earned a B.A. at Wellesley, an M.A. at Columbia, and a doctorate in political science from the University of Geneva. Russia long held special interest for her, inspiring her book The Soviets at Geneva: The U.S.S.R. and the League of Nations, 1919–1933. She and her late husband, Shelby Cullom Davis, M.A. ’31, maintained a remarkable record of philanthropy that included extensive support for environmental charities, humanitarian projects, and higher education. The Davises’ gifts to Columbia have established a chair in the practice of international diplomacy at SIPA, a chair in economics and international affairs at GSAS, and significant fellowship funding for international graduate students at SIPA and GSAS beginning in 2014–2015. Richard Heffner, professor of communication and public policy at Rutgers University, died in December at 88. As host of public television’s The Open Mind from 1956 to 2013, he interviewed many prominent guests, including Margaret Mead, Malcolm X, and Jimmy Carter. He authored A Documentary History of the United States and A Conversational History of Modern America. page 28 John Eisenhower M.A. ’50, English and Comparative Literature John Eisenhower, son of President Dwight Eisenhower, died in December at 91. A graduate of West Point and Columbia, he served in World War II and the Korean War and was appointed ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. He authored several books, including The Bitter Woods, about the Battle of the Bulge; Strictly Personal, a memoir; So Far from God: The U.S. War with Mexico, 1846–1848; Allies: Pearl Harbor to D-Day; Yanks: The Epic Story of the American Army in World War I; and General Ike: A Personal Remembrance. Arlene Swift Jones M.A. ’50, English and Comparative Literature Joyce Brothers M.A. ’50, Ph.D. ’53, Psychology Writer and educator Arlene Swift Jones died in December at 84. As a teacher, lecturer, and administrator, she worked at the elementary, high school, and university level at institutions throughout the world, including serving as principal of the American School of Warsaw, as a lecturer at the International School in Geneva, and as the assistant academic dean at the Ethel Walker School in Simsbury, Connecticut. She published three books of poems, a memoir, and an autobiographical novel, and received a number of awards for her writing. Psychologist and media personality Joyce Brothers died in May 2013 at 85. She was well known for communicating psychological research in terms that engaged the general public, from her work on radio and television—including appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and her own shows on NBC and CBS—to writing a column that was syndicated in 300 newspapers. The American Psychological Association awarded her a presidential citation for her pioneering work in the mass media. Arthur C. Danto M.A. ’49, Ph.D. ’52, Philosophy Kenneth Waltz Ph.D. ’54, Political Science Arthur C. Danto, a prominent philosopher who penned influential essays on the meaning of art, the definition of art, and the end of art history, died in October at 89. Born in Michigan and a veteran of World War II, he began teaching philosophy at Columbia in 1951, was named a full professor in 1966, and became professor emeritus in 1992. He authored numerous books, including Nietzsche as Philosopher, Mysticism and Morality, The Transfiguration of the Commonplace, Narration and Knowledge, Connections to the World: The Basic Concepts of Philosophy, and Encounters and Reflections: Art in the Historical Present, a collection of art criticism that won the National Book Critics Circle Prize for Criticism in 1990. He also served as art critic for The Nation from 1984 to 2009 and was editor of The Journal of Philosophy. International relations scholar Kenneth Waltz died in May 2013 at 88. Waltz was known for both controversial ideas and incisive analysis, exemplified in his books Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis, which grew out of his dissertation, and Theory of International Politics, where he articulated his concept of neorealism, which emphasizes the influence of inherent structural constraints in the international system. Waltz earned his undergraduate degree in economics at Oberlin College, then began studying political science at Columbia as a graduate student. His graduate study was interrupted by service in the U.S. Army during the Korean War. After completing his dissertation, he taught at a number of institutions and eventually returned to Columbia as a senior research scholar at SIPA’s Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies after retiring from the faculty of the University of California at Berkeley. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 James P. Gordon Ph.D. ’55, Physics Robert Fogel M.A. ’60, Economics Physicist James P. Gordon died in June 2013 at 85. As a graduate student working with Professor Charles Townes, Gordon was instrumental in developing the maser (an acronym for “microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”), a precursor to the laser. After earning his Ph.D., Gordon joined Bell Laboratories, where he served as head of the Quantum Electronics Research Department from 1958 to 1980. Throughout his career he received a number of awards from the Optical Society, including being named an honorary member, the society’s highest honor. He was also a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Economist and historian Robert Fogel died in June 2013 at 86. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1993 “for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change,” particularly for his data-driven research on slavery and railroads in the United States. He was a professor at the University of Chicago, authored 22 books, and published 90 papers in academic journals during the course of his career. Robert L. Belknap Ph.D. ’60, Slavic Languages and Literatures Robert L. Belknap, professor emeritus in Columbia’s Slavic Languages Department, died in March at 84. He was an expert on Russian literature, particularly the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky. He was the author of two major studies on The Brothers Karamazov: The Structure of The Brothers Karamazov (1967) and The Genesis of The Brothers Karamazov (1992), both of which appeared in Russian translation. Together with his Columbia colleague Richard Kuhns, Belknap wrote Tradition and Innovation: General Education and the Reintegration of the University (1977), which stated that interdisciplinary understanding, tolerance, and humility are central to a whole, “reintegrated” university. A native New Yorker, Belknap was educated at Princeton, the University of Paris, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) State University, and Columbia. Article 09 : page 30 Wayne Paton M.A. ’60, English and Comparative Literature Scholar and educator Wayne Paton died in January at 78. He served as a lecturer in the School of English at the University of Leeds from 1963 to 1998, teaching English, American, and French literature. James Emanuel Ph.D. ’62, English and Comparative Literature Poet James Emanuel died in September at 92. A scholar of Langston Hughes, he was a professor at City College in New York before moving permanently to Europe. He published several books of poetry, including The Treehouse and Other Poems, Black Man Abroad, and Whole Grain: Collected Poems, 1958–1989, as well as The Force and the Reckoning, a collection of different narrative forms. James Sterling Young Ph.D. ’64, Political Science Oral historian James Sterling Young died in August at 85. His doctoral dissertation was published as The Washington Community, 1800–1828 and won a Bancroft Prize at Columbia. He served on the faculty and administration at Columbia before joining the University of Virginia, where he founded the Presidential Oral History Program at the Miller Center. The program has documented the presidencies of Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush through interviews with White House staff and associates. Owen Lynch Ph.D. ’66, Anthropology Anthropologist Owen Lynch died in April 2013 at 82. He taught at SUNY, Binghamton before joining the faculty of New York University, where he was professor of anthropology from 1974 to 2003. His scholarship in the field of South Asian cultures included studies on the Dalit community, emotions in Indian life, and the politics of emancipation. Jaime Alazraki Ph.D. ’67, Spanish and Portuguese Jaime Alazraki, a specialist in Latin American literatures and cultures, died in February at 80. Twice distinguished as a recipient of the prestigious John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, he was world renowned for his many scholarly studies on Jorge Luis Borges. Alazraki was born in Argentina and studied at Hebrew University in Jerusalem before moving to New York City in 1962 to begin his doctoral studies at Columbia. After professorial appointments at UC San Diego and Harvard University, he returned to Columbia in 1988 and served as chair of the former Department of Spanish and Portuguese for several years, until his retirement in the early 1990s. Lucia Lermond Ph.D. ’85, Religion Lucia Lermond died in February at 64. A graduate of Queens College, she specialized in the philosophy of religion. Her dissertation was published as The Form of Man: Human Essence in Spinoza’s Ethic by E. J. Brill and is considered a significant work in contemporary Spinoza studies by scholars. She served as an adjunct associate professor at Queens College, teaching philosophy, religion, and feminist theory. For additional and expanded obituaries, visit the GSAS website. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Dissertations Deposited Recently Anthropology Yixin Li. Tradition, change, and the Weilongwu Compound: Kinship, state, and local elites in southeastern China. Sponsor: Myron Cohen. Maya T. Mikdashi. Religious conversion and Da’wa secularism: Two practices of citizenship in Lebanon. Sponsor: Elizabeth A. Povinelli. Cheng Cheng. Materials optimization and GHz spin dynamics of metallic ferromagnetic thin-film heterostructures. Sponsor: William E. Bailey. Jessica Anne Maratsos. The devotional imagination of Jacopo Pontormo. Sponsor: David Rosand. Architecture Eunice Mei Feng Seng. Habitation and the invention of public domesticity in Singapore, 1936–1979. Sponsor: Kenneth Frampton. Denise Michelle Murrell. Seeing Laure: Race and modernity from Manet’s Olympia to Matisse, Bearden, and beyond. Sponsor: Anne Higonnet. Weiwei Shen. Portfolio optimization with transaction costs and taxes. Sponsors: Mark N. Broadie and David E. Keyes. Art History and Archaeology APAM: Applied Physics Anne Hunnell Chen. From the seed of the gods: Art, ideology, and cultural exchange with the Persian court under the Roman Tetrarchs, 284–324 CE. Sponsor: Francesco de Angelis. Neeraja Poddar. Krishna in his myriad forms: Narration, translation, and variation in illustrated manuscripts of the latter half of the tenth book of the Bhāgavata Purān.a. Sponsor: Vidya Dehejia. Yu Gu. Probabilistic approaches to partial differential equations with large random potentials. Sponsor: Guillaume Bal. Sarah Martha Angelini. High-speed videography on HBT-EP. Sponsor: Michael E. Mauel. Bryan Angelo DeBono. How rotation affects instabilities and the plasma response to magnetic perturbations : APAM: Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Ilchman. Jacopo Tintoretto in process: The making of a Venetian master, 1540–1560. Sponsor: David Rosand. Heather O’Leary McStay. Viva Bacco e viva Amore: Bacchic imagery in the Renaissance. Sponsor: David Rosand. APAM: Applied Mathematics Article 10 in a Tokamak plasma. Sponsor: Michael E. Mauel. page 32 Heidi Applegate. Staging modernism at the 1915 San Francisco World’s Fair. Sponsor: Elizabeth W. Hutchinson. Christopher Payne Dueker. The entangled aesthetics of Alex Janvier. Sponsor: Elizabeth W. Hutchinson. Sarah Catherine Schaefer. From sacred to spectacular: Gustave Doré’s biblical imagery. Sponsor: Anne Higonnet. Anna Lee Spiro. Reconsidering the career of Nicholaus Artifex (c. 1112–1164) in the context of later twelfth-century north Italian politics. Sponsor: Holger A. Klein. Alena Junette Williams. Movement in vision: Cinema, aesthetics, and modern German culture, 1915–1930. Sponsor: Jonathan Crary. Astronomy Duane Morris Lee. Understanding the nature of stellar chemical abundance distributions in nearby stellar systems. Sponsor: Kathryn V. Johnston. Destry Rose Saul. Compact galactic neutral hydrogen clouds in the GALFA-HI survey. Sponsor: Mary E. Putman. Christine Mary Simpson. Dwarf galaxies in a cosmological context: A test bench for galaxy modeling. Sponsor: Greg Bryan. Joo Heon Yoon. Gas around galaxies and clusters: The case for the Virgo Cluster. Sponsor: Mary E. Putman. Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Zahra A. Assur. CysZ: Structural and functional studies of a novel sulfate transport protein. Sponsor: Wayne A. Hendrickson. Klára Orsolya Felsővályi. Learning from cadherin structures and sequences: Affinity determinants and protein architecture. Sponsor: Barry Honig. David Avrahm Yarmolinsky. Mechanisms for taste sensation of carbonation. Sponsor: Charles Zuker. Biological Sciences Dafne Campigli di Giammartino. Elucidating the roles of PARP1 and RBBP6 in the regulation of pre-mRNA 3’ end processing. Sponsor: James L. Manley. Chao Dai. P90 and UHRF1, two novel regulators of the P53 signaling pathway. Sponsor: Wei Gu. Ahmed Ijaz Gilani. A deficit in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the hippocampus leads to physiological and behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia in a genetic mouse model. Sponsor: Holly Moore. Kathryn Anne Abele Henckels. Mid-channel proteolysis of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel and the potential role of amyloid-ß precursor protein. Sponsor: Jian Yang. Oren Litvin. Heterogeneity and context-specificity in biological systems. Sponsor: Dana Pe’er. Edward Prawira Judokusumo. A first look on mechanosensing and triggering in T cells. Sponsor: Lance C. Kam. Michael Ashraf Khalil. Development of a vascular optical tomographic imaging system for the diagnosis and monitoring of peripheral arterial disease. Sponsor: Andreas H. Hielscher. Luís Carlos Santos. Cell mechanics regulate mesenchymal stem cell morphology and T cell activation. Sponsor: Michael P. Sheetz. Dazhi Tan. Molecular basis for the recognition of regulatory stem-loop structures in eukaryotic messenger RNAs. Sponsor: Liang Tong. Kehui Xiang. Structural and biochemical characterizations of the Symplekin-Ssu72-CTD complex in pre-mRNA 3’ end processing. Sponsors: James L. Manley and Liang Tong. Eva Vladi Zadorozny. The role of Costal2 and its collaborators in regulation of Ci processing and in mediation of response to hedgehog in Drosophila. Sponsor: Daniel D. Kalderon. Feifan Zhang. Gene regulatory factors that control the identity of specific neuron types in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sponsor: Oliver Hobert. Biomedical Engineering Antonio Albanese. Physiology-based mathematical models for the intensive care unit: Application to mechanical ventilation. Sponsor: Andrew F. Laine. 02 03 Jarett Evan Michaelson. Quantifying structural and functional changes in cardiac cells in an in vitro model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sponsor: Hayden Huang. Ludguier D. Montejo. Computational methods for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis with diffuse optical tomography. Sponsor: Andreas H. Hielscher. Siddarth Devraj Subramony. Nanofiber-based scaffold for integrative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sponsor: Helen H. Lu. Qi Wei. Roles of cell junctions and the cytoskeleton in substrate-free cell sheet engineering. Sponsor: Hayden Huang. Yi Hou. Biomechanical assessment and monitoring of thermal ablation 01 Won Hee Lee. Noninvasive neuromodulation: Modeling and analysis of transcranial brain stimulation with applications to electric and magnetic seizure therapy. Sponsor: Andrew F. Laine. Jennifer M. Walz. Exposing internal attentional brain states using single-trial EEG analysis with combined imaging modalities. Sponsor: Paul Sajda. Emmanuel Louis Pierre Dumont. Proteins at interfaces: Conformational behavior and wear. Sponsor: Henry Hess. contents Heon Goo Lee. Innate immune-like function of osteogenic cells and their effects on inflammatory osteolysis. Sponsor: Christopher R. Jacobs. Andrea R. Tan. Toward clinical use of engineered tissues for cartilage repair. Sponsor: Clark T. Hung. Matthew Bouchard. 2D and 3D highspeed multispectral optical imaging systems for in vivo biomedical research. Sponsor: Elizabeth M. C. Hillman. : Ofer Idan. Modeling nanoscale transport networks. Sponsor: Henry Hess. David Coulter Jangraw. Neural and ocular signals evoked by visual targets in naturalistic environments. Sponsor: Paul Sajda. Bianca Francesca Marcolino. Spatial, temporal, and mechanistic characterization of apoptotic death in the developing subventricular zone. Sponsor: Lloyd Greene. superscript using Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU). Sponsor: Elisa E. Konofagou. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Xiaoning Yuan. Engineering the cell environment for meniscus repair: From micro- to macro-scale. Sponsor: Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic. Xiaowei Zou. Magnetic resonance imaging applications of pseudo-random amplitude modulation. Sponsor: Paul Sajda. Biomedical Informatics Hua-Sheng Chiu. Aberrantly expressed ceRNAs account for missing genomic variability of cancer genes via microRNA-mediated interactions. Sponsor: Andrea Califano. Wei-Jen Chung. Identification of microRNA biogenesis regulators and activity modulators. Sponsor: Andrea Califano. Sarah Roche Gilman. Network-based analysis of genetic disease associations. Sponsor: Dennis Vitkup. Biostatistics Tianle Chen. Statistical modeling and statistical learning for disease prediction and classification. Sponsor: Yuanjia Wang. Chih-Chi Hu. Sequential quantile estimation using continuous outcomes with applications in dose finding. Sponsor: Ying Kuen K. Cheung. Article 10 : page 34 Xiaoyu Jia. Two-stage continual reassessment method and patient heterogeneity for dose-finding studies. Sponsor: Ying Kuen K. Cheung. Business Jun Kyung Auh. Essays on corporate credit. Sponsor: M. Suresh Sundaresan. Hasan Tolga Bilgicer. Drivers and consequences. Sponsors: Kamel Jedidi and Donald R. Lehmann. Shira Cohen. Cash flow volatility and corporate investment. Sponsor: Trevor S. Harris. Fikret Caner Göçmen. Infrastructure scaling and pricing. Sponsors: Robert L. Phillips and Garrett van Ryzin. Yonatan Gur. Optimization in changing environments: Theory and applications to online content recommendation services. Sponsors: Omar Besbes and Assaf Zeevi. Sang Won Kim. Design and evaluation of procurement combinatorial auctions. Sponsors: Marcelo Olivares and Gabriel Y. Weintraub. Mattia Landoni. Three essays on taxes and asset pricing. Sponsor: Charles Jones. Zhongjin Lu. Asset returns, risks, and cash flow expectations. Sponsor: Robert J. Hodrick. Hyung Il Oh. A new accounting approach to evaluate M&A prices and goodwill allocations. Sponsor: Stephen H. Penman. Oded Rozenbaum. Do firms contribute to the variation in employees’ performance in knowledge-intensive industries? The case of equity research. Sponsor: Trevor S. Harris. Cellular Physiology and Biophysics Spiro Peter Pantazatos. Large-scale functional connectivity in the human brain reveals fundamental mechanisms of cognitive, sensory, and emotion processing in health and psychiatric disorders. Sponsor: Joy Hirsch. Ying Wang. Roles of macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission in atherosclerosis. Sponsor: Ira Tabas. El-ad David Amir. viSNE and Wanderlust, two algorithms for the visualization and analysis of high-dimensional single-cell data. Sponsor: Dana Pe’er. Joseph Howard Bylund. Improvements in molecular mechanics sampling and energy models. Sponsor: Richard A. Friesner. Ian Halsey Driver. Establishment and maintenance of adult stem cell identity: Specification of the adult copper cell region of the Drosophila intestine. Sponsor: Benjamin Ohlstein. Ryan Rampersaud. Identification and characterization of inerolysin, the cholesterol-dependent cytolsyin produced by Lactobacillus iners. Sponsor: Adam Ratner. Ciara A. Torres. Macroautophagy modulates synaptic function in the striatum. Sponsor: David Sulzer. Chemical Engineering Greeshma Reddy Gadikota. Geo-chemo-physical studies of carbon mineralization for natural and engineered carbon storage. Sponsor: Ah-Hyung Alissa Park. Tushar Navin Patel. Engineering heterogeneous biocatalysts. Sponsor: Scott A. Banta. Edward J. Swanson. Catalytic enhancement of silicate mineral weathering for direct carbon capture and storage. Sponsor: Ah-Hyung Alissa Park. Joseph Lai-Man Woo. Gas-aerosol model for mechanism analysis: Kinetic prediction of gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. Sponsor: V. Faye McNeill. Chemistry Ahmed Baker Al-Harbi. Synthesis and coordination chemistry of oxygen-rich ligands: Bis(oxoimidazolyl) hydroborato, tris(oxoimidazolyl)hydroborato, and tris(2-pyridonyl)methane. Sponsor: Gerard Parkin. Alexandria Paige Brucks. Halonium-induced reactions for the synthesis of diverse molecular scaffolds. Sponsor: Scott A. Snyder. Stephen Ho. Studies in polyketide total synthesis. Sponsor: James L. Leighton. Sung Young Hong. Multi-photon spectroscopic studies of molecule/ metal interfaces and graphene. Sponsor: Richard M. Osgood Jr. Yi Rong. Main group and transition metal complexes supported by multidentate tripodal ligands that feature nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur donors: Synthesis, structural characterization, and applications. Sponsor: Gerard Parkin. Nathan Edward Wright. Synthetic explorations and expeditions in the resveratrol class. Sponsor: Scott A. Snyder. Zohar Kadmon Sella. News media and the authority of grief: The journalistic treatment of terrorism victims as political activists. Sponsor: Andie Tucher. Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Computer Science Sambuddho Chakravarty. Traffic analysis attacks and defenses in low latency anonymous communication. Sponsor: Angelos Keromytis. Patrick Thomas Brewick. Improving the quantification and estimation of damping for bridges under traffic loading. Sponsor: Andrew W. Smyth. Tyler Boyd Carson. Evaluating green roof urban stormwater management: Full-scale observations and modeling in New York City. Sponsor: Patricia J. Culligan. Daniel Eric Marasco. Alternative metrics of green roof hydrologic performance: Evapotranspiration and peak flow reduction. Sponsor: Patricia J. Culligan. Colin James McAuliffe. Numerical modeling of shear bands and dynamic fracture in metals. Sponsor: Haim Waisman. Classical Studies Caleb Michael Xavier Dance. Literary laughter in Augustan poetry: Vergil, Horace, and Ovid. Sponsor: Katharina Volk. Communications Paul J. Cronin. Exasperation and curiosity: Alexander Mackendrick at the California Institute of the Arts. Sponsor: Todd Gitlin. 03 Eric Dahlgren. Rescaling capital: The potential of small-scale mass-produced physical capital in the energy and materials processing industries. Sponsor: Klaus S. Lackner. Marc James Perez. A model for optimizing the combination of solar electricity generation, supply curtailing, transmission, and storage. Sponsor: Vasilis Fthenakis. Alexandra Meltzer Goldman. Threatened innocents and the news: The history of a national preoccupation. Sponsor: Andie Tucher. 02 Earth and Environmental Engineering Garrett Christopher Fitzgerald. Multiscale analysis of methane gas hydrate formation and dissociation via point source thermal stimulation and carbon dioxide exchange. Sponsor: Marco J. Castaldi. Katherine Ann Fink. Data-driven sourcing: How journalists use digital search tools to decide what’s news. Sponsor: Michael Schudson. 01 Won Sang Song. Next-generation emergency call system with enhanced indoor positioning. Sponsor: Henning Schulzrinne. Lisa K. Wu. Accelerating similarly structured data. Sponsor: Martha A. Kim. Classics contents Swapneel Kalpesh Sheth. Exploring societal computing based on the example of privacy. Sponsor: Gail E. Kaiser. Adam Scott Waksman. Producing trustworthy hardware using untrusted components, personnel, and resources. Sponsor: Simha Sethumadhavan. Irene SanPietro. Money, power, respect: Charity and the creation of the Church. Sponsor: William V. Harris. : Pier Francesco Palamara. Population genetics of identity by descent. Sponsor: Itsik Pe’er. Li-Yang Tan. Analytic methods in concrete complexity. Sponsor: Rocco A. Servedio. Monica Maria Hellström. Public construction under Diocletian: A study of state involvement in construction in Roman-era towns in present-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria. Sponsor: Roger S. Bagnall. superscript John David Demme. Overcoming the intuition wall: Measurement and analysis in computer architecture. Sponsor: Simha Sethumadhavan. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Rob van Haaren. Utility scale photovoltaic plant variability studies and energy storage optimization for ramp rate control. Sponsor: Vasilis Fthenakis. Jun Xu. Dynamic energy dissipation using nanostructures: Mechanisms and applications. Sponsor: Xi Chen. Huangjing Zhao. Tailored formation of mineral carbonates in the presence of various chemical additives for in situ and ex situ carbon storage. Sponsor: Ah-Hyung Alissa Park. Earth and Environmental Sciences Rafael Vladimir Almeida. Mechanisms and magnitude of Cenozoic crustal extension in the vicinity of Lake Mead, Nevada, and the Beaver Dam Mountains, Utah. Sponsors: Nicholas Christie-Blick and Karen Froud. Elisabeth Streit Falk. Carbonation of peridotite in the Oman Ophiolite. Sponsor: Peter B. Kelemen. Anna Elizabeth Foster. Surface-wave propagation and phase-velocity structure from observations on the USArray Transportable Array. Sponsor: Göran Ekström. Su Jung Kim. Transcending locality, creating identity: Shinra Myojin, a Korean deity from Japan. Sponsor: Bernard Faure. Mi-Ryong Shim. Regional rebirths: Imperialization, pan-Asianism, and narratives of “conversion” in colonial Korea. Sponsors: Theodore Hughes and Tomi Suzuki. Yurou Zhong. Script crisis and literary modernity in China, 1916–1958. Sponsor: Lydia Liu. Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology Matthew Easton Fagan. The changing matrix: Reforestation and connectivity in a tropical habitat corridor. Sponsor: Ruth DeFries. Economics Ritam Chaurey. Essays on firm behavior in India. Sponsor: Eric Verhoogen. Miguel Morin. General purpose technologies: Engines of changes? Sponsor: Ricardo Reis. David Joseph Munroe. Essays on government policy in real estate markets. Sponsor: Wojciech Kopczuk. Thuy Lan Nguyen. Essays on business cycles. Sponsor: Jón Steinsson. Donald Kim Ngwe. Essays on price discrimination. Sponsors: Katherine Ho and Michael H. Riordan. Hyun Seung Oh. Essays on macroeconomics and business cycles. Sponsor: Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Paci. Essays in applied behavioral economics. Sponsor: Eric Verhoogen. Raúl Sánchez de la Sierra. Essays on the economics of statelessness and state formation. Sponsors: Suresh Naidu and Eric Verhoogen. Hye Lim Son. Three essays on human capital investment. Sponsor: Miguel S. Urquiola. Laurence Henry Wilse-Samson. Essays in political economy and crisis. Sponsor: Suresh Naidu. Nicolas Albert Franz Crouzet. Essays in macroeconomics and corporate finance. Sponsor: Ricardo Reis. Jonathan Ivan Dingel. Essays in spatial economics. Sponsor: Donald R. Davis. Wei-Yi Cheng. Attractor molecular signatures and their applications for prognostic biomarkers. Sponsor: Dimitris Anastassiou. Colin Patrick Kelley. Recent and future drying of the Mediterranean region: Anthropogenic forcing, natural variability, and social impacts. Sponsor: Mingfang Ting. Ju Hyun Kim. Three essays on identification in microeconometrics. Sponsor: Bernard Salanié. Anna Ewa Choromanska. Selected machine learning reductions. Sponsor: Tony Jebara. Jeong Hwan Lee. Three essays in corporate finance. Sponsor: Patrick Bolton. Maulik Mahadev Desai. Topics in routing and network coding for wireless networks. Sponsor: Nicholas F. Maxemchuk. Ivan Mihajlov. The vulnerability of low-arsenic aquifers in Bangladesh: A multi-scale geochemical and hydrologic approach. Sponsor: Martin Stute. Hongyu Yi. Evolution of function-related traits in squamates (Reptilia: Squamata): Morphometric and phylogenetic analytical approaches. Sponsor: Mark A. Norell. : Shannon M. Cannella. The path toward the other: Relational subjectivity in modern Chinese literature, 1919– 1945. Sponsor: David Der-Wei Wang. Jason Jweda. Geochemistry of the Tatara–San Pedro continental arc volcanic complex and implications for magmatism in the Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone. Sponsor: Steven L. Goldstein. Miriam Elizabeth Marlier. Public health impacts from fires in tropical landscapes. Sponsor: Ruth DeFries. Article 10 East Asian Languages and Cultures page 36 Corinne Siu-Lin Low. Essays in gender economics. Sponsor: Pierre-André Chiappori. Benjamin Michael Marx. Essays in charitable organizations and public policy. Sponsor: Wojciech Kopczuk. Wataru Miyamoto. Essays on macroeconomics. Sponsor: Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé. Joan Monràs. Essays in internal and international migration. Sponsors: Donald R. Davis and Eric Verhoogen. Electrical Engineering Jeffrey Brandt Driscoll. Silicon photonics: All-optical devices for linear and nonlinear applications. Sponsor: Richard M. Osgood Jr. Ryan Michael Field. High-speed widefield time-correlated single-photon counting fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Sponsor: Kenneth L. Shepard. Richard Ryan Grote. Nanophotonics for optoelectronic devices: Extrinsic silicon photonic receivers and organ- Emrah Efe Khayyat. Muslim literature, world literature, Tanpınar. Sponsor: Bruce Robbins. Anjuli Fatima Raza Kolb. Epidemiology of terror: Health, horror, and politics in colonial and postcolonial literature. Sponsor: Gauri Viswanathan. Ivan Lupić. Subjects of advice: Drama and counsel from More to Shakespeare. Sponsor: David Scott Kastan. Andrew Leren Lynn. Minstrels in the drawing room: Music and novel-reading in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Walter Scott, and George Eliot. Sponsor: Nicholas Dames. Sarah Gretchen Minsloff. Losing the margin: Poetry and poetic form in the Victorian novel. Sponsor: Nicholas Dames. Sherally Kersi Munshi. The archivist of affronts: Immigration and representation in early twentieth-century America. Sponsor: Marianne Hirsch. Sara Ann Murphy. Revised lives: Lineage and dislocation in seventeenth-century English autobiography. Sponsor: Julie A. Crawford. Ben W. Parker. Unhappy consciousness: Recognition and reification in Victorian fiction. Sponsor: Nicholas Dames. Anitta Caridad Santiago. Common place: Rereading “nation” in the quoting age, 1776–1860. Sponsor: Ross Posnock. ic photovoltaics. Sponsor: Richard M. Osgood Jr. Tingyi Gu. Chip scale low-dimensional material: Optoelectronics and nonlinear optics. Sponsor: Chee Wei Wong. Junfeng He. Large-scale nearest neighbor search: Theories, algorithms, and applications. Sponsor: Shih-Fu Chang. Nader Wasfy Zaki. A correlated 1-D monatomic condensed matter system: Experiment and theory. Sponsor: Richard M. Osgood Jr. Environmental Health Sciences Megan Marie Niedzwiecki. Mechanisms of arsenic toxicity in humans: Interplay of arsenic, glutathione, and DNA methylation in Bangladeshi adults. Sponsor: Mary V. Gamble. English and Comparative Literature Anna Elizabeth Clark. Centers of consciousness: Protagonism and the nineteenth-century British novel. Sponsor: Sharon Marcus. Jayanth Narasimhan Kuppambatti. Design techniques for analog-to-digital converters in scaled CMOS technologies. Sponsor: Peter Kinget. Elizabeth Bonnette Eliott Lockhart. Remembering things: Tranformative objects in texts about conflict, 1160– 1390. Sponsor: Patricia A. Dailey. Baradwaj Vigraham. Power-efficient circuit architectures for receivers leveraging nanoscale CMOS. Sponsor: Peter Kinget. Emily Frances Hayman. Inimical languages: Conflicts of multilingualism in British modernist literature. Sponsor: Sarah Cole. superscript : contents 01 02 03 Epidemiology David Freedman. Neurodevelopmental risks for bipolar disorder. Sponsor: Alan Brown. Catherine Richards. The effect of hospital financial distress on immediate breast reconstruction. Sponsor: Dawn Hershman. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Nicole Anastasia Stehling-Ariza. He who dies with the most toys . . . A longitudinal look at materialism and physical health. Sponsor: Sharon Schwartz. French and Romance Philology Roderick Philip Cooke. From aesthetics to politics in the Dreyfus affair. Sponsor: Elisabeth Ladenson. Séverine Camille Martin. Out of the Néant into the everyday: A rediscovery of Mallarmé’s poetics. Sponsor: Elisabeth Ladenson. Eric Todd Matheis. Capital, value, and exchange in the Old Occitan and Old French Tenson (including the Partiman and the Jeu Parti). Sponsor: Sylvie Lefèvre. Alexandra Perisic. Contesting globalization: Ethics, politics, and aesthetics in the Atlantic World economy. Sponsor: Madeleine Dobie. Erin Kathleen Twohig. The contentious classroom: Education in postcolonial literature from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Sponsor: Madeleine Dobie. Genetics and Development Alyssa Bost. An investigation into the function and specification of enteroendocrine cells in Drosophila malenogaster and Mus musculus. Sponsor: Benjamin Ohlstein. Sudha Ramesh Kumar. Understanding the mechanism of pigment rim formation at the periphery of the eye in Drosophila melanogaster. Sponsor: Andrew Tomlinson. Munevver Parla Makinistoglu. HDAC4 integrates PTH and sympathetic signaling in osteoblasts. Sponsor: Gerard Karsenty. Aditi Singhania. Patterning of dendritic territories by dendrite-dendrite and dendrite-substrate interactions. Sponsor: Wesley B. Grueber. Germanic Languages Tim Albrecht. Confidence sans bound: Staging trust and its vulnerabilities in Tieck, Kleist, Grillparzes, and Nietzsche. Sponsor: Dorothea von Mücke. Kári Driscoll. Toward a poetics of aminality: Hofmannsthal, Rilke, Pirandello, Kafka. Sponsor: Mark Anderson. Adi Mahalel. The radical years of I. L. Peretz. Sponsors: Jeremy Dauber and Dan Miron. History Hannah Katherine Barker. Egyptian and Italian merchants in the Black Sea slave trade, 1260–1453. Sponsor: Adam J. Kosto. Melissa May Borja. “To follow the new rule or way”: Hmong refugee resettlement and the practice of American religious pluralism. Sponsor: Mae Ngai. Rosie Bsheer. Making history, remaking place: Archives and historical geographies in Saudi Arabia. Sponsor: Rashid Khalidi. William Monroe Coleman IV. Making the state on the Sino-Tibetan frontier: Chinese expansion and local power in Batang, 1842–1939. Sponsor: Madeleine Zelin. Joanna Dee Das. Choreographing a new world: Katherine Dunham and the politics of dance. Sponsor: Eric Foner. Tobias Joel Harper. Orders of merit? Hierarchy, distinction, and the British honours system, 1917–2004. Sponsor: Susan Pedersen. Justin Frederick Jackson. The work of empire: The U.S. army, military labor, and the making of American colonialism in Cuba and the Philippines. Sponsor: Eric Foner. Article 10 : page 38 Abhishek Kaicker. Unquiet city: Making and unmaking politics in Mughal Delhi, 1707–1739. Sponsor: Nicholas B. Dirks. Ariel Mae Lambe. Cuban antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational activism, networks, and solidarity in the 1930s. Sponsor: Pablo Piccato. Tamara Beth Mann. Honor thy father and mother: Defining and solving the problem of old age in the United States, 1945–1961. Sponsor: Elizabeth Blackmar. Erin Elizabeth McBurney. Art and power in the reign of Catherine the Great: The state portraits. Sponsor: Richard S. Wortman. Yuki Oda. Family unity in U.S. immigration policy, 1921–1978. Sponsor: Mae Ngai. Nicholas Patrick Osborne. Little capitalists: The social economy of saving in the United States. Sponsor: Eric Foner. Adina L. Popescu. Casting bread upon the waters: American farming and the international wheat market, 1880–1920. Sponsor: Elizabeth Blackmar. Meha Priyadarshini. From the Chinese guan to the Mexican chocolatero: A tactile history of the transpacific trade, 1571–1815. Sponsor: Adam McKeown. Dale James Stahl. The two rivers: Water, development, and politics in the Tigris-Euphrates basin, 1920–1975. Sponsor: Rashid Khalidi. IEOR: Operations Research Latin American and Iberian Cultures Menghui Cao. From continuous to discrete: Studies on continuity corrections and Monte Carlo simulation with applications to barrier options and American options. Sponsor: Steven S. G. Kou. Juan Álvarez. La palabra y el fuego: Insulto, política y cultura en la historia de Colombia. Sponsor: Graciela Montaldo. Lara E. Tucker. Spectacles of inclusion: Cultures of leisure and entertainment in early twentieth-century Argentina. Sponsor: Graciela Montaldo. Shyam Sundar Chandramouli. Network resource allocation under fairness constraints. Sponsor: Jay Sethuraman. Óscar Iván Useche. Beyond the material: Energy, work, and movement in the cultural imagination of Restoration Spain. Sponsor: Wadda RíosFont. Xinyun Chen. Perfect simulation, sample-path large deviations, and multiscale modeling for some fundamental queueing systems. Sponsor: Jose H. Blanchet. Adam Lee Winkel. Zones of influence: The production of Madrid in early Franco Spain. Sponsor: Alberto Medina. Tulia Judith Herrera Humphries. On the kidney exchange problem and online minimum energy scheduling. Sponsor: Jay Sethuraman. Mathematics Bo Huang. Convex optimization algorithms and recovery theories in sparse models in machine learning. Sponsor: Donald Goldfarb. Song-Hee Kim. Data-driven decisions in service systems. Sponsor: Ward Whitt. Jinbeom Kim. Pricing, trading, and clearing of defaultable claims subject to counterparty risk. Sponsor: Tim Siu-Tang Leung. Matthieu Plumettaz. Graph structure and coloring. Sponsor: Maria Chudnovsky. Corrin Jeannette Clarkson. Three manifold mutations detected by Heegaard Floer homology. Sponsor: Robert Lipshitz. Tristan Clifford Collins. Canonical metrics in Sasakian geometry. Sponsor: Duong H. Phong. Jonathan Michael Hanselman. Bordered Heegaard Floer homology and graph manifolds. Sponsor: Robert Lipshitz. Karol Krzysztof Koziol. Pro-p-IwahoriHecke Algebras in the mod-/p/ Local Langlands Program. Sponsor: Rachel Ollivier. Irene Song. New quantitative approaches to asset selection and portfolio construction. Sponsor: Soulaymane Kachani. Thomas William Nyberg. Constant scalar curvative of toric fibrations. Sponsor: Duong H. Phong. Simon Wolfe Taylor. The modern condition: The invention of anxiety, 1840–1970. Sponsor: Samuel Moyn. Chun Wang. High-dimensional portfolio management: Taxes, execution and information relaxation. Sponsor: Martin Haugh. Herbert H. Toler Jr. Nothin’ but ‘ligion: The American Missionary Association’s activities in the nation’s capital, 1862–1877. Sponsor: Eric Foner. Haowen Zhong. Two papers of financial engineering relating to the risks of the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Sponsor: Steven S. G. Kou. Anna Puskás. Demazure-Lusztig operators and metaplectic Whittaker functions on covers of the general linear group. Sponsor: Dorian Goldfeld. Italian Krzysztof Karol Putyra. On a generalization of odd Khovanov homology. Sponsor: Mikhail Khovanov. Kira Kalina Von Ostenfeld-Suske. Official historiography, political legitimacy, historical methodology, and royal and imperial authority in Spain under Philip II, 1580–1599. Sponsor: Adam J. Kosto. Xuanyu Pan. Rational normal curves on complete intersections. Sponsor: Aise Johan de Jong. Seth Boniface Fabian. Cecco vs. Dante: Correcting the Comedy with applied astrology. Sponsor: Teodolinda Barolini. superscript : contents 01 02 03 Alex S. Waldron. Self-duality and singularities in the Yang-Mills flow. Sponsor: Panagiota Daskalopoulos. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Ye-Kai Wang. A spacetime Alexandrov theorem. Sponsor: Mu-Tao Wang. Ian M. Whitehead. Multiple dirichlet series for affine weyl groups. Sponsor: Dorian Goldfeld. Jie Xia. Toward a definition of Shimura curves in positive characteristics. Sponsor: Aise Johan de Jong. Hang Xue. The geometry and arithmetic of genus four curves. Sponsor: Shou-Wu Zhang. Mechanical Engineering Carlo Benedetto Canetta. Bi-material microcantileve-based thermal sensing techniques. Sponsor: Arvind Narayanaswamy. Ryan Cooper. Thin film mechanics. Sponsor: Jeffrey W. Kysar. Panjawat Kongsuwan. Laser-induced modification and integration of glasses. Sponsor: Y. Lawrence Yao. Mirkó Palla. Novel engineering approaches for DNA sequencing and analysis. Sponsor: Qiao Lin. Karthik Sasihithlu. A theoretical study of the effect of curvature on near-field radiative transfer. Sponsor: Arvind Narayanaswamy. Tung-Lin Yang. Revealing the molecular structure and the transport mechanism at the base of primary cilia using superresolution STED microscopy. Sponsor: Jung-Chi Liao. Yuan Zhang. Identification of key structural elements of ATP-dependent molecular motors. Sponsor: Jung-Chi Liao. Zhengyi Zhang. Optical and electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes with known chiralities. Sponsor: James C. Hone. Jing Zhu. Genetic analysis and cell manipulation in microfluidic devices. Sponsor: Qiao Lin. Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection Arnab De. Understanding two inhibitors of NF-KB: A20 and IKBß. Sponsor: Sankar Ghosh. Article 10 : page 40 John Joseph Seeley. MicroRNA regulation of endotoxin tolerance. Sponsor: Sankar Ghosh. Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies Elazar Elhanan. The path leading to the abyss: Hebrew and Yiddish in the poetry of Yaakov Steinberg. Sponsor: Dan Miron. Suzanne Lee Schneider Reich. Religious education and political activism in mandate Palestine. Sponsor: Rashid Khalidi. Kamal Soleimani. Islam and competing nationalism: The Kurds and the Turks in the late Ottoman era. Sponsor: Gil Anidjar. Music Andrew Bruce Eggert. Staging the operas of Francesco Cavalli: Dramaturgy in performance, 1651–1652. Sponsor: Giuseppe Gerbino. Juliet Eleanor Forshaw. Dangerous tenors, heroic basses, and non-ingénues: Singers and the envoicing of social values in Russian opera, 1836– 1905. Sponsor: Karen Henson. Aaron Joseph Johnson. Jazz and radio in the United States: Mediation, genre, and patronage. Sponsor: George E. Lewis. Michael Shaw. Schubert’s mythological Mayrhofer-Lieder: Historical, philosophical, and psychological contexts. Sponsor: Walter M. Frisch. Music (D.M.A.) Courtney Lara Bryan. A time for everything, for chorus: Analysis of a musical meditation. Sponsor: George E. Lewis. Joshua Frederick Cody. Nono and Marxist aesthetics. Sponsor: Alfred W. Lerdahl. Andile Wiseman Khumalo. Glissando as a metaphor in Beat Furrer’s FAMA and Cry Out, Shades of Words, Bells Die Out. Sponsor: George E. Lewis. Keith Andrew Moore. A multiphonic reappraisal and the alto saxophone concerto Radial. Sponsor: Alfred W. Lerdahl. Neurobiology and Behavior Irene Helen Ballagh. Sex differences in the structure, function, and regulation of vocal circuits in Xenopus. Sponsor: Darcy B. Kelley. Heather El-Amamy. Independent effects of paternal age and Neuregulin1 expression in mice in relation to schizophrenia. Sponsor: Jay Gingrich. Frederick Luke Hitti. Genetically targeted anatomical and behavioral characterization of the cornu ammonis 2 (CA2) subfield of the mouse hippocampus. Sponsor: Steven A. Siegelbaum. Matthew Roderick Lovett-Barron. Functional consequences of dendritic inhibition in the hippocampus. Sponsor: Attila Losonczy. Ellen L. Peck. Space and value in the primate amygdala. Sponsor: C. Daniel Salzman. Krista Joan Spiller. Using the natural resistance of motor neuron subpopulations to identify therapeutic targets in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sponsor: Christopher E. Henderson. Nursing Kenrick D. Cato. Hispanic patients’ role preferences in primary care treatment decision-making. Sponsor: Suzanne Bakken. Angela Amy Northrup. Maternal attitudes, subjective norms, and feeding practices of young children. Sponsor: Arlene Smaldone. Mayuko Uchida. Comparative and cost-effectiveness analyses of resident quality outcomes in nursing homes. Sponsor: Patricia W. Stone. Nutritional and Metabolic Biology Chi Nok Chong. The influence of central insulin signals on stress response in mice. Sponsor: Olivier Toubia. Chad Michael Trent. Fat in hearts: Uptake, storage, and turnover. Sponsor: Ira Goldberg. Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Netonia Lisa Marshall. BIN3 is a novel 8p21 tumor suppressor that regulates the attachment checkpoint in epithelial cells. Sponsor: Jose Maria Silva. Mai Sato. Insights into MYC biology through investigation of synthetic lethal interactions with MYC deregulation. Sponsor: Jean Gautier. Philosophy Katherine Lynn Gasdaglis. Intuition in Kant’s theoretical epistemology: Content, skepticism, and idealism. Sponsor: Patricia Kitcher. Seth Nathaniel Hillbrand. The E and B Experiment: A balloon-borne cosmic microwave background anisotropy probe. Sponsor: Amber D. Miller. Kiyohito Iigaya. Neural network models of decision making with learning on multiple timescales. Sponsor: Yasutomo Uemura. Zhongjie Lin. The chiral and U(1)A symmetries of the QCD phase transition using chiral lattice fermions. Sponsor: Norman H. Christ. Nikiforos Nikiforou. Search for nonpointing photons in the diphoton and missing transverse energy final state in 7 TeV p p collisions using the ATLAS detector. Sponsor: John Parsons. Christopher Butler Osborn. The physics of ultracold Sr2 molecules: Optical production and precision measurement. Sponsor: Tanya Zelevinsky. Dennis Vadimovich Perepelitsa. Inclusive jet production in ultrarelativistic proton-nucleus collisions. Sponsor: Brian A. Cole. Feng Tian. Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in Z + Γ final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Sponsor: Michael Tuts. Political Science Emily Cochran Bech. Voice and belonging: How open vs. restricted models of national incorporation shape immigrant-minority identification and participation. Sponsor: Jack L. Snyder. Erica Dreyfus Borghard. Friends with benefits? Power and influence in proxy alliances. Sponsor: Jack L. Snyder. Robert M. Chamberlain. Security exchange theory: How great powers trade security with small states. Sponsor: Jack L. Snyder. Carmen Le Foulon. The impact of transparency on legislative behavior: Taking position avoidance into account: The case of Chile. Sponsor: Maria Victoria Murillo. Sandipto Dasgupta. Legalizing the revolution. Sponsor: Jean L. Cohen. Luke Samuel MacInnis. The unity of political principle. Sponsor: Nadia Urbinati. Maria Narayani Lasala Blanco. God made the country, and man made the town: The impact of local institutions on the political attitudes and behavior of immigrants and minorities in the United States. Sponsor: Robert Y. Shapiro. superscript : contents 01 02 03 Eric Ndahayo Mvukiyehe. Essays on microfoundations of peace building in war-torn societies: Hypotheses and evidence from a field experiment in rural Liberia. Sponsor: Virginia Page Fortna. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Pierce Conor O’Reilly. Financing welfare states and the structure of taxation. Sponsor: Isabela Mares. Vanessa Melinda Perez. The effects of voter registration and declining political party competition on turnout in the United States of America, 1880– 1916. Sponsor: Robert S. Erikson. Eldon Grant Porter. Financing the health care safety net: How federalism and Medicaid’s funding formula shape state budgets and American welfare. Sponsor: Ira Katznelson. Michael Graham Smith. Three essays on the political economy of corporate bailouts. Sponsor: Yotam Margalit. Masako Suginohara. Negotiated openness: U.S.-Japan financial negotiations and the network of financial officials. Sponsor: Gerald L. Curtis. Chien-min Yang. Between ethnic and civic: A paradox of national identification in contemporary Taiwan. Sponsor: Andrew J. Nathan. Article 10 : page 42 Psychology Allison Turza Bajger. Acute, repeated-dose, and residual effects of amphetamines derivatives on psychological measures in humans. Sponsor: Carl L. Hart. Christopher Marcus Crew. The behavioral and neural effects of rejection sensitivity on selective attention and feedback-based learning. Sponsor: Geraldine Downey. Teal S. Eich. Cognitive control in schizophrenia. Sponsor: Kevin Ochsner. Barbie Jean Huelser. Learning by making errors: Investigating when and why errors help memory, and the metacognitive illusion that errors are harmful for learning. Sponsor: Janet Metcalfe. Gregory Guichard Jensen. Beyond dichotomy: Dynamics of choice in compositional space. Sponsor: Peter D. Balsam. Diana Renee Keith. Marijuana, methamphetamine, and oxycodone: A multilevel approach to understanding drug effects. Sponsor: Carl L. Hart. Brian Svavar Maniscalco. High-level cognitive and neural contributions to conscious experience and metacognition in visual perception. Sponsor: Hak-wan Lau. Rahia Mashoodh. Paternal effects on offspring development: Epigenetics mechanisms and the role of paternal-maternal interplay. Sponsor: Frances A. Champagne. Travis Andrew Riddle. Reporting on the temporal properties of subliminal events. Sponsor: Betsy Sparrow. Lisa Ely Zaval. Decision architecture from intuition to experience: Exploring how temporary states and individual differences influence decision and preferences. Sponsor: Elke Weber. Religion Ari Bergmann. Halevy, Halivni, and the oral formation of the Babylonian Talmud. Sponsor: David Weiss Halivni. Todd Edison French. Just Deserts: Losing Origen and gaining retributive judgment in the hagiographical literature of the early Byzantine world. Sponsor: John Anthony McGuckin. Asha Kalyani Moorthy. A seal of faith: Rereading Paul on circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles. Sponsor: John Anthony McGuckin. Elana Yael Stein. Rabbinic legal loopholes: Formalism, equity, and subjectivity. Sponsor: David Weiss Halivni. Slavic Languages Maksim Hanukai. Pushkin’s tragic vision, 1824–1830. Sponsor: Boris Gasparov. Anita Ta’rnai. Cultural experimentation as regulatory mechanism in response to events of war and revolution in Russia (1914–1940). Sponsor: Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy. Edward J. Tyerman. The search for an internationalist aesthetics: Soviet images of China, 1920–1935. Sponsor: Boris Gasparov. Social Work Ihab Yousef Izzeldeen Omar Al Daqqaq. We deserve better: Palestinian women’s movements and their relation to the Palestinian National Movement. Sponsor: Barbara Levy Simon. Tara Calderbank Batista. Empowering foster care youth. Sponsor: Barbara Levy Simon. David Burnes. Candidate risk factors for elder mistreatment incidence and severity. Sponsor: Denise Burnette. Elia De la Cruz Toledo. Women’s employment in Mexico. Sponsor: Jane Waldfogel. Jennifer Dempsey. An examination of cognitive and behavioral referents of acculturation and their impact on predictors and frequency of sexual communication between Mexicanorigin parents and their young children. Sponsor: Michael J. MacKenzie. Jordan DeVylder. Clinical significance of psychotic experiences in the general population. Sponsor: Ellen P. Lukens. Jennifer L. Kenney. Understanding the arrest experiences of women with co-occuring substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorders: An application of general strain theory. Sponsor: Elwin Wu. William Benjamin Nowell. Human, social, and cultural capital predictors of early baby boomer productivity in mid- to late life: An examination of formal volunteering behavior. Sponsor: Denise Burnette. Erik Paul Shumar. Associations of homelessness with psychiatric symptom severity and moderating risk factors among patients with psychotic symptoms after first admission. Sponsor: James M. Mandiberg. Laura Cordisco Tsai. “I will help as much as I can, but I can’t give them everything”: The financial lives of women who were formerly trafficked into sex work in the Philippines. Sponsor: Vicki Lens. Sociology Natan Dotan. The life and death of mass media. Sponsor: Saskia Sassen. Steven George Mandis. What happened to Goldman Sachs: An insider’s story of organizational drift and its unintended consequences. Sponsor: David Stark. Seth R. Rachlin. From whatever source derived: Wealth, national citizenship, and the ratification of the income tax amendment. Sponsor: Allan Silver. 01 02 03 Allison Beth Goldberg. Norms within networks: Opinion leader and peer network influences on mothers/ caregivers’ childhood immunization decisions in rural northern Nigeria. Sponsor: Peter Messeri. Li Kuang. Neighborhood effects on children’s educational attainment and teenage childbirth. Sponsor: Mary Clare Lennon. Sara Eileen Lewis. Spacious minds, empty selves: Coping and resilience in the Tibetan exile community. Sponsor: Kim Hopper. Julia Siri Suh. The paradox of post-abortion care: A global health intervention at the intersection of medical, criminal justice, and transnational population politics in Senegal. Sponsor: Constance A. Nathanson. Vincent Joseph Dorie. Mixed methods for mixed models. Sponsor: Andrew Gelman. Iva Ognianova Petkova. Co-creating strategy and culture in new technology regimes on the Internet: How new digital entrepreneurs affect mature imcumbents in the fashion industry. Sponsor: David Stark. contents Linnea Marie Carlson. “Takin’ it on”: Communicating AIDS through universal templates in Guyana. Sponsor: Kim Hopper. Statistics Maria Pilar Opazo. Appetite for innovation: The mobilization of change and creativity at elBulli. Sponsor: Peter S. Bearman. : Alison Shea Bateman-House. Compelled to volunteer: American conscientious objectors to World War II as subjects of medical research. Sponsor: Ronald Bayer. Carmen Juana Yon Leau. Sexuality, social inequality, and sexual vulnerability among low-income youth in the city of Ayacucho, Peru. Sponsor: Richard Parker. Li-Wen Lin. The opaque champions. Sponsor: Joshua Whitford. superscript Sociomedical Sciences Kristen Louise Gore. Unbiased penetrance estimates with unknown ascertainment strategies. Sponsor: Daniel Rabinowitz. Chien-Hsun Huang. Interaction-based learning for high-dimensional data with continuous predictors. Sponsor: Shaw-Hwa Lo. Timothy Teräväinen. Semiparametric estimation of a gaptime-associated hazard function. Sponsors: Michael Sobel and Zhiliang Ying. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Ekaterina Olegovna Vinkovskaya. A point process model for the dynamics of limit order books. Sponsor: Rama Cont. Scott Chandler Freeman. To conserve and neglect: Haiti, soil, and the tyranny of the project. Sponsor: Lesley Bartlett. Stephanie Shin-Hui Zhang. Statistical inference and experimental design for Q-matrixed–based cognitive diagnosis models. Sponsors: Jingchen Liu and Zhiliang Ying. Kiran Carder Jayaram. Hitting the books and pounding the pavement: Haitian educational and labor migrants in the Dominican Republic. Sponsor: Hervé H. Varenne. Sustainable Development Anna Louise Tompsett. Essays on infrastructure and development. Sponsor: Eric Verhoogen. Teachers College: Anthropology and Education Louise Lamphere Beryl. Ways with the Word in the New World: Language and literary socialization among BornAgain Christian African families in Massachusetts. Sponsor: Charles C. Harrington. Leigh Llewellyn Graham. The “It” girls of Arabia: Cybercultured bodies, online learning practices, and the networked lives of university women in Saudi Arabia. Sponsor: Hervé H. Varenne. Stephanie Jean Phillips. The stage and the dance in medias res: An ethnographic study of ideologies associated with tradition and continuity in a French Ballet Academy in the United States. Sponsor: Lambros Comitas. Akiko Sawamoto. Vietnam’s rural-to-urban migrant families: Educational and social inequalities in a transitional society. Sponsor: Lambros Comitas. Karen Velasquez. Communication and education at work: Latino immigrants making sense and dominating language in Koreatown, New York City. Sponsor: Hervé H. Varenne. Teachers College: Applied Anthropology Mustafa Bal. Anatomy of a revolution: The 2011 Egyptian uprising. Sponsor: Lambros Comitas. Janny Chang. A matter of trust: Three case studies of Chinese and Zambian relationships at the workplace. Sponsor: George C. Bond. Article 10 : page 44 Lamaozhuoma. Tibetan communities in transition: An ethnographic study of state-run formal education and social change. Sponsor: Lambros Comitas. Jennifer Margaret Van Tiem. Many secrets are told around horses: An ethnographic study of equine-assisted psychotherapy. Sponsor: Hervé H. Varenne. Teachers College: Applied Behavioral Analysis Katherine Anne Baker. The effects of social listener reinforcement and video modeling on the emergence of social verbal operants in preschoolers diagnosed with autism and language delays. Sponsor: R. Douglas Greer. Ananya Goswami. The effects of the listener emersion protocol on rate of learning and increases in naming capability in preschool children with developmental delays. Sponsor: R. Douglas Greer. Helena Song-A Han. Effects of the elimination of stereotypy on the emission of socially appropriate verbal interactions for students with autism who have audience control. Sponsor: R. Douglas Greer. Laura Elizabeth Lyons. The effects of the mastery of auditory matching of component sounds to words on the rate and accuracy of textual and spelling responses. Sponsor: R. Douglas Greer. Petra Ann Wiehe. Establishment of structural and functional metaphorical responses in 4th- and 5th-grade students as a function of multiple exemplar instruction across reader and writer functions. Sponsor: R. Douglas Greer. Teachers College: Clinical Psychology Bonita Schneider. Interpersonal distress and interpersonal problems associated with depression. Sponsor: Helen Verdeli. Sara Emily Zoeterman. In the moment: Prenatal mindful awareness and its relationship to depression, anxiety, and birth experience. Sponsor: George A. Bonanno. Teachers College: Cognitive Studies in Education Samantha Rae Creighan. Investigating the effects of the MathemAntics number line activity on children’s number sense. Sponsor: Herbert P. Ginsburg. Jessica Hammer. Playing prejudice: The impact of game-play on attributions of gender and racial bias. Sponsor: Charles Kinzer. Azadeh Jamalian. Grouping gestures promote children’s effective counting strategies by adding a layer of meaning through action. Sponsor: Barbara Tversky. Sungbong Kim. Neural correlates of embodiment in action verb meaning: Entrenched versus translated forms. Sponsor: Peter Gordon. Michael Wilson McGahan. Perspective switching in virtual environments. Sponsor: Barbara Tversky. Lisa Shaw Ling Pao. Effects of keyword generation and peer collaboration on metacomprehension accuracy in middle school students. Sponsor: Joanna P. Williams. Stephanie Holstad Ramsey. How do we develop multivariable thinkers? An evaluation of a middle school scientific reasoning curriculum. Sponsor: Deanna Kuhn. Teachers College: Counseling Psychology Rebecca Rangel. The appropriated racial oppression scale development and initial validation. Sponsor: Robert T. Carter. Avy Alosha Skolnik. The burden of suspicion: A grounded theory study on the psychological and interpersonal consequences of criminalizing stereotypes. Sponsor: Laura Smith. Rodolfo Victoria. Exploring how skin color and racial identity modify the relationship between perceptions of racism and psychological distress among Latinas/os. Sponsor: Robert T. Carter. Teachers College: Developmental Psychology Elizabeth Ann Jewett. Is problem-based learning effective in fostering the development of intellectual skills? Sponsor: Deanna Kuhn. Teachers College: Educational Policy Teachers College: English Education Alyshia Brooks Bowden. Estimating the cost effectiveness of a national program that impacts high school graduation and postsecondary enrollment. Sponsor: Henry M. Levin. Christine Gentry. Speak, memory: Oral storytelling in the high school classroom. Sponsor: Ruth Vinz. Travis Bristol. Men of the classroom: An exploration of how the organizational conditions, characteristics, and dynamics in schools affect the recruitment, experiences, and retention of black male teachers. Sponsor: Carolyn J. Riehl. Brice Andrew Particelli. The spectral city: Walking the literary landscapes of New York City. Sponsor: Ruth Vinz. Teachers College: Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Elizabeth Marie Chu. High school suspension and educational deprivation. Sponsor: Douglas David Ready. Sarah Beth Mallory. Factors associated with peer aggression and peer victimization among children with autism spectrum disorder, children with other disabilities, and children without a disability. Sponsor: Linda Hickson. Valerie Khait. Making use of the dual functions of evidence in adolescents’ argumentation. Sponsor: Deanna Kuhn. Teachers College: Economics and Education Emily Avelet Abrams. Food, health, and choices: Development and formative evaluation of an innovative intervention to reduce childhood obesity. Sponsor: Isobel R. Contento. Katharine McKinley Conn. Identifying effective education interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis of rigorous impact evaluations. Sponsor: Laura Elizabeth Tipton. Fei Guo. The impact of term-time working on college outcomes in China. Sponsor: Mun C. Tsang. Charles Olufemi Ogundimu. Does the mode of entry into teaching matter in teacher retention? A discrete-time survival analysis modeling of New York City public school teachers. Sponsor: Thomas R. Bailey. Li Yu. The impact of college quality on early labor market outcomes in China. Sponsor: Mun C. Tsang. Teachers College: Educational Leadership Jessica Carroll Blum. Teaching and learning with self: Student perspectives on authenticity in alternative education. Sponsor: Eleanor Drago-Severson. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 and identities developed in a learning community. Sponsor: Erica N. Walker. Nicole C. Taylor-Buckner. The effects of elementary departmentalization on mathematics proficiency. Sponsor: Erica N. Walker. Xiaoxi Tian. Mathematical modeling in the People’s Republic of China: Indicators of participation and performance on COMAP’s modeling contest. Sponsor: Bruce R. Vogeli. Teachers College: Measurement and Evaluation Meng-Ta Chung. Estimating the Q-matrix for cognitve diagnosis models in a Bayesian framework. Sponsor: Matthew S. Johnson. Teachers College: Philosophy and Education David Issac Backer. The distortion of discussion. Sponsor: Megan Laverty. Holly K. Brewster. The teacher as mathematician: Problem solving for today’s social context. Sponsor: Megan Laverty. Stephanie Ann Burdick-Shepherd. Reading for childhood in philosophy and literature: An ethical practice for educators. Sponsor: Megan Laverty. Cara Elizabeth Furman. Supporting practical wisdom: Reflective teacher narratives in teacher education. Sponsor: David Hansen. Kyung Hwa Jung. Moral perception and education in the world today. Sponsor: David Hansen. Teachers College: Mathematics Education Benjamin Michael Dickman. Conceptions of creativity in elementary school mathematical problem posing. Sponsor: Herbert P. Ginsburg. Terri Lynne Germain-Williams. Mathematical modeling in algebra textbooks at the onset of the Common Core state standards. Sponsor: Bruce R. Vogeli. Frida K. Grant. Cross national comparisons of excellence in university mathematics instructions: An analysis of key characteristics of excellent Article 10 : page 46 mathematics instructors based on teacher evaluation forms. Sponsor: Bruce R. Vogeli. Gonzalo Ariel Obelleiro. Cosmopolitan education and the creation of value. Sponsor: David Hansen. Raeann Kyriakou. New York State elementary school teacher certification and examinations in mathematics in the nineteenth century. Sponsor: Alexander P. Karp. Dror Post. Anteros: On friendship between rivals and rivalry between friends. Sponsor: Megan Laverty. Anthony Michael Miele. The effects of number theory on high school students’ metacognition and mathematics attitudes. Sponsor: Bruce R. Vogeli. Joo-Young Park. Value creation through mathematical modeling: Students’ mathematical dispositions Michael Ian Schapira. Historical perspectives on the crisis of the university. Sponsor: Megan Laverty. Kazuaki Yoda. Simone Weil on attention and education: Can love be taught? Sponsor: Megan Laverty. Teachers College: School Psychology Sayaka Aoki. Understanding isolated and nonisolated victims of peer victimization in middle school. Sponsor: Marla R. Brassard. Christi Lee Browne. Professional learning communities (PLCs) as a means for school-based curriculum change. Sponsor: Ann E. Rivet. Arthur Francis Corvo. Utilizing the National Research Council’s (NRC) conceptual framework for the Next Gerneration Science Standards (NGSS): A self-study in my science, engineering, and mathematics classroom. Sponsor: Felicia Moore Mensah. Clement V. Gomes. Sounding out science: Incorporating audio technology to assist students with learning differences in science education. Sponsor: Felicia Moore Mensah. Sarah Jaleh Ryan Hansen. Multimodal study of visual problem solving in chemistry with multiple representations. Sponsor: Felicia Moore Mensah. Cheryl Ann Lyons. Relationships between conceptual knowledge and reasoning about systems: Implications for fostering systems thinking in secondary science. Sponsor: Ann E. Rivet. Stefania Macaluso. Exploring the development of classroom group identities in an urban high school chemistry class. Sponsor: Felicia Moore Mensah. Denise Marcia Mahfood. Uncovering Black/African American and Latina/o students’ motivation to learn science: Affordances to science identity development. Sponsor: Felicia Moore Mensah. Darcy Marie Ronan. Science specialists in urban elemantary schools: An ethnography examing science teaching identity, motivation, and hierarchy in a high-stakes testing climate. Sponsor: Felicia Moore Mensah. Teachers College: Social-Organizational Psychology Apivat Paul Hanvongse. Leadership behavioral complexity as an antecedent to scaling social impact and financial performance. Sponsor: Debra A. Noumair. John Krister Lowe. Conflict climates in organizations: An integrated decision-making model of participation in conflict resolution training. Sponsor: James Westaby. Teachers College: Speech and Language Pathology Paula Bibiana Garcia. Perception of American English vowels by adult Spanish-English bilingual listeners. Sponsor: Karen Froud. Kara Nicole Nizolek. Risk factors for dysphagia in critically ill patients with prolonged orotracheal intubation. Sponsor: John H. Saxman. Laura Virginia Sanchez. N170 visual word specialization on implicit and explicit reading tasks in Spanish-speaking adult neoliterates. Sponsor: Karen Froud. Teachers College: Teaching of Social Studies Amy Elise Mungur. Cultural representations in/as the global studies curriculum: Seeing and knowing China in the United States. Sponsor: Sandra Schmidt. Scott Spencer Wylie. The challenge of critical pedagogy as a social studies teacher-educator. Sponsor: William Gaudelli. Theatre Anne Reynolds Holt. Reading costume design: The rise of the costume designer, 1850–1920. Sponsor: Arnold Aronson. Urban Planning Andrea Catherine Rizvi. How planning process impacts bus rapid transit outcomes: A comparison of experiences in Delhi and Ahmedabad, India. Sponsor: Elliott Sclar. superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Announcements Ginger Shulick Porcella, M.A. ’07, Anthropology, was named executive director of the San Diego Art Institute. Umit S. Dhuga, M.A. ’02, M.Phil. ’05, Ph.D. ’06, Classics, was awarded a fellowship at the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, to research Greek tragedy and opera. Christian Kleinbub, M.A. ’00, M.Phil. ’02, Ph.D. ’06, Art History and Archaeology, won the Gustave O. Arlt Award for his book Vision and the Visionary in Raphael. Wallace S. Broecker, Ph.D. ’58, Earth and Environmental Sciences, received the Dean’s Award for Distinguished Achievement at the 2014 GSAS Ph.D. Convocation ceremony. Neil deGrasse Tyson, M.Phil. ’91, Ph.D. ’92, Astronomy, premiered as host of the Cosmos television series on Fox and National Geographic Television. Diane Ravitch, Ph.D. ’75, History, won the Grawemeyer Award in Education for her book The Death and Life of the Great American School System. George Farmer, M.A. ’95, M.Phil. ’95, Ph.D. ’96, Biological Sciences, was appointed chief executive officer of Cortice Biosciences in New York City. Article 11 : page 48 Ethan V. Torrey, M.A. ’96, History, ’99LAW, was named legal counsel for the Supreme Court. Aurelia Bardon, Ph.D. candidate in Political Science, became the first student to complete the Dual Ph.D. Partnership program between Columbia and Sciences Po in Paris. The following Ph.D. students won the 2014 Presidential Awards for Outstanding Teaching at Columbia: Royden Jay Kadyschuk, English and Comparative Literature; Roberto Pesenti, Art History and Archaeology; and Aya Wallwater, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research. The following faculty members were honored with the Lenfest Distinguished Teaching Awards: Elizabeth Blackmar, professor of history; Virginia Page Fortna, professor of political science; Erik Gray, associate professor of English and comparative literature; Peter Kelemen, professor of earth and environmental sciences; Ioannis Mylonopoulos, superscript : contents The following GSAS alumni were awarded 2014 Guggenheim Fellowships: Devin Fore, Ph.D. ’05, Germanic Languages; Arthur Kampela, D.M.A. ’98, Music Composition; Joseph Thornton, Ph.D. ’00, Biological Sciences; Lu Wang, D.M.A. ’12, Music Composition; and Alexandra Wettlaufer, Ph.D. ’93, French and Romance Philology. assistant professor of art history and archaeology; Christine Philliou, associate professor of history; Valerie Purdie-Vaughns, assistant professor of psychology; Joanna Stalnaker, associate professor of French and Romance philology; Brent Stockwell, associate professor of biological sciences; and Rafael Yuste, professor of biological sciences. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Helpful Links Connect with us on social media: • GSAS Twitter account • GSAS LinkedIn group • GSAS Facebook page • Columbia Twitter account • Columbia Facebook page • Columbia YouTube channel • Columbia courses on iTunes U Find out about Columbia events on campus and throughout the world: • GSAS Alumni Events Calendar • University Events Calendar (on-campus events) • Alumni Events Calendar (worldwide) Keep in touch with GSAS and Columbia today: • GSAS Alumni Association • Give to GSAS • Graduate Student Advisory Council (GSAC) Contact us about SUPERSCRIPT: Write to us and share your news, content ideas, letters to the editor, events of interest, awards, works just published, etc. gsaseditor@columbia.edu http://gsas.columbia.edu/superscript Article 12 : page 50 superscript : contents 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12