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PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
2011/12/12 UNDP/ JICA Training Forest conservation(REDD+), Gender and Social condition Basic information for group work 2 Kaori SAKAMAKI 14, December, 2011 1 Outline • Village information • Tasks for Group work • Additional information of PAREDD approach 2 1 2011/12/12 Village information Location Houaykhing Houaykin Village, Phonsay District 3 Village information History Year ー 2001 2001 Traditional shifting cultivation on upland rice Road construction from Ponsay to Houaykhing by manpower (Only motorbike is travelable) Road improvement from Phonsay to Houaykhing by heavy machinery (Automobile is also travelable) 2003 2010 Houaykhing Village was built by merge of 3 villages and its residential area moved to current place along the main road. Increasing population for migration from Longlat to Houayking 4 2 2011/12/12 Village information Population 2003 2010 (Beginning) 2010 (End ) Population (No. of Household) 1,200 (165 HH) 1,388 (188 HH) 1,404 (202 HH) No. of poor HH - - 30 HH (15%) Ethnic No. of Household (2010) Kham Mong 90 HH (45 %) 112 HH (55%) 5 Village information Village organization • • • • Village committee Senior group Youth union Women's union • Production Groups • Water Users Group (Water Supply) • Forest Users Group • Forest volunteer • Village veterinary volunteer 6 3 2011/12/12 Village information Infrastructure • Road accessibility: Difficult to access in the rain season • Electricity: None (Some household : solar energy, hydro power) • Water supply: 10 points of small water supply 7 Village information Agriculture Crops Area (ha) No. of HH Upland rice 200.4 202 Paddy field rice 19.1 33 Maize 39.68 79 Cassava 11.3 43 Jatropha 20.5 22 Job's Tear 1.4 3 Sesame 13.4 20 Chill 0.5 12 Eggplant 0.12 5 8 4 2011/12/12 Village information Agriculture =Livestock= Livestock (head) 2007 2008 2010 Cattle 253 214 496 Buffalo 314 301 318 Pig 754 355 326 Goat 265 364 665 Poultry 2,981 3,890 3,038 9 Village information Role of Gender • Household owner: Male • Decision making: Male • Housework: Female (Khum) 10 5 2011/12/12 Village information Land Use • Land title: None but villagers have social custom to divide shifting cultivation area 11 Village information Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation Main Drivers Push Factor Pioneer type slash and burn agriculture •Population increase •Scarcity of Farmland •Shorten Fallow period leads to soil degradation Agricultural Expansion •Population increase •scarcity of Farmland •Increase agricultural option •Land competition with other land use such as Oil tree Plantation Migration and Population increase Pull Factor •Market Demand increase •Monetary Support Scheme ( e.g. Policy bank, etc) •Road Construction •Migration Policy? Mitigation measure •Agricultural Intensification •Increase agricultural option • Improve agricultural technique to maximize agricultural productivity •Enhance off-farm activity • Proper PLUP implementation •Strengthen community based forest management Drivers that need to be verified Fuel Wood Consumption Forest Fire Large-Scale Concession Illegal logging 12 6 2011/12/12 Village information Consciousness of forest • A lot of villagers recognize that Lao government should execute the forestry management by the top down. • A few villagers recognize that forest management by the government becomes disadvantageous for the villagers. • Khum. Mong, shifting cultivation farmers and poor household are low consciousness of forest management by villagers. • Poor household and female, who cannot make a decision and raise a voice, tend to think that the government should take the land use planning and responsibility of forest management. • Village committee member, male and rich household, who can make a decision and raise a voice, think that villagers should have responsibility of forest management . Moreover, they think role of villagers is forest management according to the government policy. 13 Village information Conciseness of Forest value • A lot of villagers evaluate high forest value. • The sense of forest values between male and female is different Male : Indirect values, eg. watershed and shade Female: direct values, eg. NTFP and firewood 14 7 2011/12/12 Village information Conciseness of decision making in village • Most villagers think that decision making is good as top down, especially village committee, paddy field farmers and poor household tend to think it strongly. • Most villagers cannot speak their opinion on decision making in the whole village meeting. • Villagers have intension that they want to make a decision related their interest and/or advantage such as land use. However, they do not have any idea about suitable decision making process. • It is difficult for female to understand contents of the meeting, because most of female cannot speak Lao language. 15 Village information Conciseness of Group activity • Group activity is mainly Cleaning and road maintenance in village • Villagers understand about benefit from group activity, because they corporate each other to weeding and carry crop from shifting cultivation area • Many household think that the approach generated disadvantage should work privately 16 8 2011/12/12 Village information Conciseness of maintaining livelihoods • Most of villagers understand necessary of forest management, however they do not have other opinion to change shifting cultivation • Poor household does not have enough time to gain new income generation activity • Khum and Mong tend to use forest for income generation strongly 17 Tasks for Group work It proposes the method and consideration points of REDD+, social consideration and gender prospective in the case of Houaykhing village at PAREDD target area 18 9 2011/12/12 Tasks for Group work A Task A (Group 1, 3) A-1: Land and forest use plan To examine method of future zoning plan reflected the opinion of poor household and female A-2: Community monitoring To examine the benefit on female and poor household participating forest monitoring and to consider how to make an opportunity for female and poor household to join forest monitoring 19 Tasks for Group work B Task B B-1: Activity selection To examine appropriate method for activity and participants selection, and to consider balance between forest conservation and livelihood improvement B-2: Free prior and informed consent (FPIC) To examine method and target of FPIC (Who, Whom, What, When, How…) 20 10 2011/12/12 Additional information of PAREDD approach Land and forest use plan 1 It is expected to attain a realistic balance between livelihood requirements and forest conservation. 1. Village boundary delineation 2. Current agriculture and forest land use zoning 3. Future agriculture and forest land use zoning 4. Forest management plan 5. Agriculture land use plan 21 Mitigation activity: Previous land use Livelihood improvement Agricultural expansion •Scarcity of Farmland • Shorten Fallow period leads to soil degradation Increase agricultural option Land competition Land & Forest use plan 22 11 2011/12/12 Mitigation activity: after mitigation activity Livelihood improvement • Agriculture intensification • Increase agriculture option • Improve agricultural techniques to improve productivity Land and forest use plan Land & Forest use plan Reducing deforestation 23 24 12 2011/12/12 Additional information of PAREDD approach Land and forest use plan 2 3. Future agriculture and forest land use zoning -Whether type of each forest zone is appropriate acceding to forest management purpose? -Whether location and size of forest zone meet the purpose of forest zoning? -Whether forest zoning obstructs current land use practice and agricultural farming system? -Whether forest zoning meet the requirements for domestic wood and NTFPs? -Whether future population increase takes into account? 25 Additional information of PAREDD approach Community monitoring Ground survey for forest biomass (under discussion) - Monitoring type: Sample plots, forest biomass survey - Monitoring period: every year - Monitoring contents: tree type, tree age, tree high, steam density, diameter 26 13 2011/12/12 Additional information of PAREDD approach Activity selection 1 Process of activity selection Purpose of selecting of activities and prioritization is to provide an opportunity for all villagers to consider problem solving by themselves and to raise awareness of villagers’ ownership through the process. Process of selecting activities and prioritization is as follows: • Explanation of the list of potential PAREDD activities (please check slide 26) Villagers should discuss and confirm their own strategy of village such as target of activity participants, period of revolving. (Please check slide 27) Villagers vote for the interested activities Villagers come to a final agreement of priority activities • • • *Villagers should recognize that the activities are conducive to the project purpose which is forest conservation. 27 Additional information of PAREDD approach Activity selection 2 No. Activity 1 Paddy field expansion (irrigation) To increase rice productivity 2 Cattle raising To gain property and income 3 Build new village meeting room To have a village meeting comfortably 4 Goat raising To gain property and income 5 Pig raising To gain property and income 6 Poultry raising To gain property and income 7 Buffalo raising To gain property and income 8 Orchard To gain income 9 Reforestation in conservation area To protect and recover conservation area Waving To gain income 10 Reason 28 14 2011/12/12 Additional information of PAREDD approach Activity selection 3 Important points for activities selection • Villagers need to recognize that the activities belong to them • Villagers need to check if suggested activities are feasible in terms of land use • Who is most suitable first participants on activity for reducing deforestation? • How to promote poor household and female to participate the activity? 29 Good luck 30 15