Infrahyoid Region

Infrahyoid Region
‫اهداف آموزشي‪:‬‬
‫فراگیر پس از پایان درس قادر خواهد بود‬
‫‪ ‬حدود ناحيه اينفراهيوئيد را شرح دهد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬عناصر تشريحي ناحيه اينفرا هيوئيد را از سطح به عمق بيان نمايد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اتصاالت‪ ،‬عمل و عصب گيري عضالت اينفرا هيوئيد توضيح دهد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬موقعيت و اندازه غده تيروئيد را بيان نمايد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬بخشها‪ ،‬سطوح‪ ،‬كناره هاي غده تيروئيد را ذكر نمايد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬عروق و اعصاب غده تيروئيد را شرح دهد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬نكات باليني غده تيروئيد را نام ببرد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬موقعيت‪ ،‬اندازه و عروق غده پاراتيروئيد را بيان نمايد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ساختمان و مجاورات بخش گردني ناي را شرح دهد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬مجاورات بخش گردني مري را توضيح دهد‪.‬‬
Anterior Region of the Neck
Suprahyoid
 Infrahyoid:
 Sperficial infrahyoid, thyroid,
larynx, trachea, esophagus &
prevertebral muscles.
 Sperficial infrahyoid:
Skin, superficial fascia,
investing fascia & infrahyoid
muscles
 Infrahyoid muscles:
Sternohyoid, omohyoid,
sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

Infrahyoid muscles
(Sternohyoid)

Origin: Manubrium
sterni & medial end
of clavicle
 Insertion: body of
hyoid
 Nerve: Ansa
cervicalis
 Action: Depresses
hyoid & larynx
Infrahyoid muscles
(Sternothyroid)

Origin: Manubrium sterni
& first costal cartilage
 Insertion: Oblique line of
thyroid cartilage
 Nerve: Ansa cervicalis
 Action: Depresses
thyroid cartilage & larynx
Infrahyoid muscles
(Thyrohyoid)

Origin: Oblique line
of thyroid cartilage
 Insertion: body and
greater horn of hyoid
 Nerve: C1 via
hypoglosal n.
 Action: Depresses
and retract hyoid &
larynx
Infrahyoid muscles
(Omohyoid)




Origin: inf. Belly from
medial lip of supra
scapular notch & lig.
Sup belly from
intermediate tendon
Incertion: inf. Belly
intermediate tendon,
sup. Belly to body of
hyoid
Nerve: Ansa cervicalis
Action: Depresses and
retract hyoid & larynx
Thyroid gland
W=25 g, L=5cm, T=3cm,
D=2cm levele=C5-T1
 Surfaces:medial, lateral &
posterior
* posteromedial:
-lat. Thyroid lig.
*Postlateral: carotid sheat
*Lat.: infrahyoid and SCM m.
*Medial: trachea, larynx, R.L n.
And esophagus
*Ant. Border: sup.thyroid art.
*Post. Border: inf. Thyroid art.,
parathyroid gland
isthmus: ant. & post. Surface,
sup. & inf. Border
- pyramidal lobe

Thyroid gland

Capsule: inner & outer
 Arteries:
 Sup. & inf. Thyroid
 Thyroidea ima
 Veins:
 Sup. , middle & inf.
Thyroid
 Nerves: sup., middle &
inf. Sympathetic cervical
G.
Parathyroid gland

W=50mg, L=6mm,
T=3-4mm
 Two on each side:
sup. & inf.
 Position:
Trachea






Formed of cartilage and
fibromuscular membrane
About 10-11 cm long, from
C6 to upper border T5
Form 16-20 tracheal
cartilage.
First is broadest and last
cartilage (carina) is a
triangular hook-shaped
process.
Divides into right & left
principal bronchi
External diameter is 2 cm in
adult male, 1.5 cm in adult
female. But internal diameter
is 1.2 cm .
Trachea








L=10-11cm , T=2cm
Relation of the trachea:
-ant: isthmus of thyroid, inf. Thyroid
vein, thyroid ima art.
-post.: oesophagus &recurrent
laryngeal n.
-Bilateral: lobes of thyroid, common
carotid & inf. Thyroid art.
Vessels & nerves:
-inf. Thyroid vessels
-parasympathetic (vagal) &
sympathetic
Esophagus

L=25cm begin=C6
 Structure:
 -fibrous adventitia
 -muscular layer: outer
longitudinal & inner
circular
 -submucosa
 -mucosa
 Vessels & nerves:
 -inf. Thyroid vessels
 -parasympathetic (vagal) &
sympathetic (via the plexus
around the inf. Thyroid
vessels
Prevertebral muscles
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
N
Action
Longus
capitus
Transverse
processes of
C3-C6
Basilar part of
occipital bone
C1C3
Flexion
Longus
colli
SO: ant
tuber C3-C5
V: bodies
C7-T3
IO: bodies
C7-T3
1:Ant. Tubercle
atals
2: body C2-C4
3: ant tubercle
C5-C6
C2C6
V:flexion
O: lat
flexion
Rectus
capitis
anterior
Ant of
Lateral mass
atlas
Basilar part of
occipital bone
C1C2
Flexion,
rotation
Rectus
capitis
lateralis
Sup urface
transverse
Process atlas
Jugular process
of occipital
bone
C1C2
Flexion
laterally