Green Jobs Potential in Tunisia – J.M. Tilmans
Transcription
Green Jobs Potential in Tunisia – J.M. Tilmans
«The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» 5th EGREJOB Meeting 11th and 12th June 2015 Sousse ILO Green Jobs Activities in Tunisia by JanJan-Marius Tillmanns «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Background: ILO’s Green Jobs Programme Activities in approx. 30 countries (Asia, Africa and Latin America) Examples: Promotion of green jobs in the forestry sector in Brazil, in the hotel and automotive industry in Thailand and the Philippines, in the building construction sector in Zambia 2011: ILO publishes a practitioner's guide for the assessment of green jobs potentials in developing countries. Assessments on macroeconomic potentials for Green Jobs were done in Lebanon (2011), Mexico (2012/13), Mauritius (2011/12), Malaysia (2012/13) and Tunisia (2014). ILO Practitioner´ Practitioner´s Guide «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Purpose: • to estimate potential for new green jobs, • to map the quality of environment-related employment •to examine possibilities of „greening jobs“ (decent work) •To create scenarios and strategies including identifying potential winning and losing sectors Tunisia «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Rio +20: A Joint ILO-GIZ- Ministry of Environment workshop on Green Jobs was held in Tunis, on May 21 -22 2013 in Tunis: To assess the potential of green jobs for the period of 2014-2017 (support by ILO); To establish a group of experts in order to establish a plan of action for the medium and long term (support by GIZ); To establish a Green Help Desk (Supported by UNESCWA) and a Green Jobs Platform (supported by UNOPS and OECD) To strengthen the institutional framework and synergies through a national Green Economy Strategy. To mobilize partners of Tunisia (UN System, Development Banks, bilateral partners) «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs Assessment in Tunisia 2013/2014 Initial findings of the national green jobs assessment done by the German Institute of Economic Structures Research (GWS), in collaboration with ECOSER and ALCOR Tunisia. Findings Findings: The Tunisian Economy has generated 102.000 green jobs as of 2010. Main green job creating sectors so far are: water, waste management, agriculture and services Main growth potentials identified in energy, water and waste Green Jobs Assessment in Tunisia «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» The Tunisian economy can face an increase of up to 80.000 green jobs in the near future. Most promising green sectors are waste management, water, renewable energy, construction and organic agriculture Cost of additional green jobs is higher than conventional jobs. Exceptions are to be found in construction and agriculture Tunisia has high levels of unemployment (>20%) plus a large informal sector (>30%) making job creation a national priority. Greening the economy helps to reduce informality. «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Some Projects by the ILO 1. Job creation by complementing State Instruments (“Création d´ ´Emplois en Complétant les Dispositifs de l´ ´Etat): Project with a main focus on job creation for unskilled labor. – 4-year project in 5 regions of Central Tunisia (Kef, Siliana, Kasserine, Gafsa and Sidi Bouzid), total volume 6,5M € (EU-financed) – Main component EIIP (Employment Intensive Investment Programmes): Construction of public infrastructure using an approach of labour-intensive work and local sourcing of raw materials – LED component with focus on job creation for rural women and men, mainly in the field of agriculture but also in green manufacturing (olive wood handicraft in Sidi Bouzid). «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Some Projects by the ILO Example: Olive Wood Production in Sidi Bouzid –Local olive wood processing units working for international market (mainly subcontracted) –Most businesses work informally, with no work safety. «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Projet DEPART 2. PROJET DÉPART: – Main focus on Local Economic Development. – 1-year project implemented in 3 governates (Kef, Gafsa and Ariana), total volume 1,0M € (extended twice). – Follow-up Project of the regional Project Jeunesse, Emploi et Migration. This Project resulted in the formulation of Regional Action Plans for Employment (PARE). – DEPART is implementing these action plans in three governorates (Le Kef, Gafsa and Ariana). – Project finalized in June 2015. «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Scoping Study Scoping Study for the promotion of Green Jobs at Governorate level (JuneSeptember 2014): –To find out the most relevant sectors in 2 governorates –To define level of green-ness and define possible support to greening activities – To map relevant initiatives with positive impact on the local labour markets – To define supportive role for international Organizations including the ILO. Scoping Study - Gafsa «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Scoping Study Potentials and challenges for Gafsa: Most promising sectors: – Greening the phosphate mining sector – Waste management and recycling – Oasis agriculture (challenged by climate change and mining impact) – Greening construction (using lessons learnt from EIIP project to foster local building techniques) –Biggest challenge: The dominance of the mining sector in the region and its implications Scoping Study – Le Kef «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Scoping Study Potentials and challenges for Le Kef: Most promising sectors: – Biological Agriculture (Le Kef represents 50% of national bio agricultural sector) – Ecotourism – Handicraft –Biggest challenge: Size of the sectors (ecotourism), connection to the national economy (biological agriculture) «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Feasibility Study Sousse (ITC/ILO) Sector selection by governorate and CGDR 1. Waste Management: a. Olive Oil Waste: Practically no value chain in Sousse, only one company active in sector – no survey possible b. Plastic Waste: Well established value chain, organised by ANGeD (filière ECOLEF), some formal private actors, new entrants willing to enter sector (16 proposals to ANGeD) – problem of informality and recognition 2. Renewable Energy: A survey conducted among 22 companies in solar heating resulted in low demand for training. Therefore extension to photovoltaic energy. «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» Green Jobs in Tunisia – Feasibility Study Sousse Current situation: ∗ Report in preparation ∗ Key figures for selected sectors difficult to establish on local (regional) level: Statistical data mainly on national level, no data available on green sectors or decent work ∗ Survey results still patchy, number of companies in each sector is small due to the size of the territory ∗ Trainees currently being selected ∗ Trainings to be held with the support of Institut de l’Olivier and with ATFP ∗ Delays due to Ramadan and summer break Conclusions «The success of implementing green policies is dependent upon the availability of skilled people people»» • Economic potential of some sectors • Territories in Tunisia relatively small for sector/value chain analysis • Challenges of informality among the barriers to business development • Decentralisation is key to economic development and to greening the economy • LED approach is an important tool for green jobs creation (both direct and indirect/induced jobs) and for inclusion, participation, democratization Thank you Merci ﺷﻛرا Contacts: Jan-Marius Tillmanns Email: jan.tillmanns@t-online.de