Birth to 1 year

Transcription

Birth to 1 year

Growth & Developmental Calendar
Birth to 1 year
This project was made possible by a collaboration between the
University of Iowa College of Nursing and the Early Childhood
Department of Northwest Area Education Agency in Sioux City, Iowa
Early Childhood/Special Education Nurses: Jennifer Mars, Judy Turner,
Sheila Finch
University of Iowa, College of Nursing Lecturer: Carol Dupic
Students: Jaime McCall, Paige Meester, & Kristina Wildeman
WHAT IS NORTHWEST AREA EDUCATION AGENCY?
THE AREA EDUCATION AGENCIES (AEAs) were created to offer services to children in Iowa most
equitably, efficiently and economically. Most parents and community members don’t know the
AEA until they need the AEA. If you are concerned about physical or learning delays exhibited in
a child, we have caring and compassionate staff who will guide you in the right direction.
We offer dozens of services via employees who are experts in their respective fields.
We are proud to partner with local school districts, educators and administrators
throughout northwest Iowa. Students continually excel and overcome
obstacles because of strong collaboration and partnerships between
AEA employees, school staff and families. Northwest AEA covers a 10
county area with several office locations. We provide support for
children from birth to age 21. For more information or to speak
with someone about a child’s concerns, call 712-222-6050.
WHAT IS EARLY ACCESS?
Early ACCESS is Iowa’s early intervention system for families with infants and
toddlers who have a:
• Health or physical condition affecting their growth and development, or
• Delay in their ability to plan, think, hear, see, eat, talk or move.
Early ACCESS staff works with your family to:
• Meet goals you have for your child and family;
• Get to the people, information, and programs you need;
• Provide services and supports at home, in the community, or at childcare; and
• Discover what works best for you and your child!
Early ACCESS is a partnership between families with young children, birth to age three, and providers from the
Departments of Education, Public Health, Human Services, and the Child Health Specialty Clinics
for more information call: 712-222-6050
REFERENCES
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Baby’s first days: bowel movements & urination.
• BabyCenter Products and Gear. Toys for 9-12 months.
• BabyCenter Expert Advice. Age by age guide to feeding your baby.
• Boom J.A. Normal growth patterns in infants and prepubertal children.
• Centers for Disease Control. Recommended immunization schedule for persons age 0 - 18 years.
• Duryea, T. Introducing solid foods and vitamins and mineral supplementation during infancy.
• Gavin, M. Learning, playing, and your 4-7 month old.
• Gavin, M. Learning, playing, and your 8-12 month old.
• Gavin, M. Childproofing and preventing household accidents.
• Iowa Family Support Network. Child Growth and Development.
• LaRosa, A. Developmental-behavioral surveillance and screening in primary care. Developmental milestones 0-12 months. Table 5.
• Mannheim, J.K. Infant-newborn development. Medline Plus.
• MedlinePlus. Age-appropriate diet for children.
• Murkoff, H., & Mazel, S. What to Expect The First Year (2nd ed.). New York: Workman Publishing.
• UpToDate. Infant Feeding Guide.
DIRTY DIAPERS
“By three to six weeks of age, some breastfed babies have
only one bowel movement a week and still are normal.
This happens because breast milk leaves very little solid
waste to be eliminated from the child’s digestive system.
Thus, infrequent stools are not a sign of constipation and
should not be considered a problem as long as the stools
are soft (no firmer than peanut butter), and your infant
is otherwise normal, gaining weight steadily, and nursing
regularly.”
• If your baby is formula-fed, they should have at
least one bowel movement a day. Having fewer
than this and/or straining may be a sign of
constipation. Consult your physician for advice on
how to handle this problem.
(American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2013)
Newborn (2-5 days of life) Well-Child Doctor Appointment
1 Month Well-Child Doctor Appointment
Parenting Notes/Questions to ask Doctor
1 MONTH PHOTO
Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor: Turns head when laying on their back, chin is up
when laying on tummy
Fine Motor: Hands are fisted near face
Self-help: Sucks well
Cognitive/Academic: Looks at black/white
objects, follows faces
Immunizations & Reflexes
Immunizations: Hepatitis B at Birth
Primitive Reflexes:
• Babinski - when sole of foot is stroked, toes fan out
• Moro - When startled, arms go outward and then bent
and are brought in with a small cry. (Mannheim, 2014)
(Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014)
Social/Emotional: Recognizes mother’s voice, cries
when in distress
Receptive Language: Alarmed by loud noises
Expressive Language: Sounds other than crying are heard
(LaRosa, 2014)
Parenting Activities & Tips
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
Nutritional Requirements: 100-110 Calories/kg per day.
Breastfed babies may have 8-12 feedings per day. Bottle fed
babies may feed every 3-4 hours with 8-12 feedings also.
Approximately 16-32 oz or 8-12 breast feedings a day
Weight Gain: 1 oz per day
• May drop 10% of birth weight in first couple days of life and often regain their birth weight around 10-14 days of life.
Wet Diapers: 6-8 in 24 hours
Height: 1 inch per month (Duryea, 2014), (Boom, 2014), (Mannheim, 2013),
(UpToDate, 2014), (BabyCenter Expert Advice, 2014)
• Play or sing soothing music to your baby
• Hold baby on your left side so that your heartbeat can be heard
• Read to your baby, caress and massage your baby
• Whisper in baby’s ear (sense of love and trust)
• Use baby’s name
• Look in the mirror together
• Call a friend and tell them how beautiful your baby is!
Tips:
• Place baby on back for sleep; do not use pillows in crib
• Do not set water heater above 1200 Fahrenheit; test water by dipping your elbow in water. (Iowa Family Support Network [IFSN], 2014), (Mannheim, 2014)
SMARTPHONE & TABLET APPLICATIONS
Simply type in these application names into your device,
download, and enjoy!
Apps for iPhone users:
• WebMD Baby
• Baby Growth Tracker
• Baby Sprout
• First Year - Baby Tracker
Apps for Android Users:
• Baby Growth Apps
• Baby Connect
• Baby Pack & Go
• Parenting Ages and Stages
Websites:
• www.familyeducation.com
• www.iafamilysupportnetwork.org
2 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Rises chest up when on tummy; while being held, will
try to briefy steady own head
Fine Motor: 50% of time, hands are unfisted; rattle will be
held if placed in hand; hands are held together
Self-help: Mouth will open at sign of breast or bottle
Cognitive/Academic: Large, heavy contrasted objects
are followed, mother is recognized
Social/Emotional: Will smile back to adult smiling, and react to
adult voice
Immunizations:
• Rotavirus: 1st
Primitive Reflexes:
• Babinski and Moro still present
• Hepatitis B: 2nd
• Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP): 1st
• Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib): 1st
• Inactivated poliovirus (IPV): 1st
• Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV): 1st
Receptive Language: Responds to voices/sounds
Expressive Language: Social smile present at 6 weeks, coos, noises
sounding like vowels
Activities:
Weight Gain: 1 oz per day
Tips:
Growth & Nutrition
Height: 1 inch per month
(Duryea, 2014), (Boom, 2014), (Mannheim, 2013), (UpToDate, 2014)
• Always greet baby with a big smile and hug and say their
name
• Sing, talk, and hum to baby using different tones
• Change scenery for baby by placing them in different
areas of the room
• When feeding, tell baby it’s time to eat and identify
yourself
• Take baby for a stroller ride (weather permitting)
• Tell baby what you are doing when doing daily activities
• Place baby on back for sleep
• Continue to support baby’s head when holding or
moving
Breast fed infants often gain weight quickly
from 0-4 months, and then their weight gain
appears to be slower after this time, when
compared to formula-fed infants.
Growth typically occurs very rapidly for a
period of time, followed by a period of time
with no growth - this is normal.
(Boom, 2014)
If you have questions or concerns about your
child’s development, please call 712-222-6050
3 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: When on tummy, infant will prop on forearms;
rolls to the side
No scheduled immunizations due.
Fine Motor: 50% of time, hands will be unfisted; fingers are
inspected; objects are batted at
Self-help: Hands are brought to mouth
Primitive Reflexes:
Begin to or have already disappeared.
(Mannheim, 2013), (CDC, 2014)
Cognitive/Academic: Parent’s face are reached
for; when laying on back, objects moved in circle are
followed; toys are acknowledged
Social/Emotional: Indication of disgust occurs; follows with
eyes someone moving around room
Receptive Language: Speaker is regarded
Expressive Language: Makes noise when spoken to; chuckles
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
• Use different tones when talking with baby
• Continue to provide lots of hugs and kisses
• Provide 2 bright toys and see if baby looks between them
• Read a new story and sing a new song to baby
• Blow bubbles for baby
• Imitate the new noises baby makes
Weight Gain: 1 oz per day or 0.67 oz per day
Tips:
Height: 1 inch per month
(Duryea, 2014), (Boom, 2014), (Mannheim, 2013), (UpToDate, 2014)
• Wipe gum ridge with wet cloth for mouth hygiene
(Mannheim, 2013)
THIS LITTLE PIGGY WENT TO THE MARKET
This little piggy went to the market
This little piggy stayed home
This little piggy had roast beef
And this little piggy had none
This little piggy cried, “Wee, wee, wee.”
All the way home.
4 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Able to sit when supported, no head lag is
present, props up on wrists, rolls from front to back
Fine Motor: Grabs at clothes; plays with rattle; hands are
held open more
Immunizations:
• Rotavirus: 2nd
Primitive Reflexes:
Begin to or have already disappeared.
• Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP): 2nd
Cognitive/Academic: Places objects in mouth;
stares longer at new faces than familiar ones;
reaches and shakes rattle
• Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib): 2nd
Social/Emotional: Stops crying at parents voice, vocalizes
back and forth with caregiver
• Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV): 2nd
• Inactivated poliovirus (IPV): 2nd
Receptive Language: Looks in direction of voice
Expressive Language: Laughing out loud; and vocalizes when
alone, (LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
Breast feeding may occur more often, but for shorter
amounts of time.
Weight Gain: Double birth weight, Gain 0.67 oz per day
Height: 1 inch per month, visit with your doctor prior to
adding anything into baby’s diet other than formula or breast
milk.
(IFSN, 2014), (Duryea, 2014), (Boom, 2014), (Mannheim, 2013), (UpToDate, 2014)
• Play Peek-A-Boo and This Little Piggy often, play several times throughout the day
• Tummy time!
• Talk to your baby, explain what you are doing
• Show baby pictures of family members and state names of them
• Provide constant praise to baby
Tips:
• Wipe gum ridge with wet cloth for mouth hygiene
• Baby should sleep 14-17 hours per day
(IFSN, 2014), (Mannheim, 2013)
SOLID FOOD READINESS CUES
• Good head and neck control
• Sits up with minimal support
• Shows signs of fullness - turns head away or closes mouth when full
• Begins to show interest in food when others are eating
• Eats from spoon (do not feed solid food using bottle)
* Consult your physician before starting
solids and ask about adding new foods
- be aware of signs and symptoms of
allergic reactions such as (rash, vomitting,
& diarrhea)
5 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Sits with support; rolls from back to front
Fine Motor: Grasps objects using whole hand (Palmar grasp);
transfers ojects from hand to mouth to other hand; holds
hands together; reaches/grasps for objects
(CDC, 2014)
Cognitive/Academic: Looks for dropped ojects
(such as a spoon or toy); acknowledges small
particles (food, toys, lint, paper)
Social/Emotional: Recognizes familiar faces; is attached
to caregivers
Receptive Language: Begins to recognize and respond to
name
Expressive Language: Says, “ahh-goo”; squeals; shows anger;
uses sounds other than crying
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
Nutritional Requirements:
24-40 oz or 4-6 breast feedings a day
• Consult your physician before adding solid foods (such as cereal
or baby food) - Watch for feeding readiness cues.
Dirty Diapers: Normal stooling patterns vary, some babies
pass a stool after each feeding, while others may only have
1-2 per day. (AAP, 2013)
• During tummy time, place favorite objects or toys in front of baby encouraging them to reach for the object
• Slightly “hide” a toy, encouraging baby to find it
• Play Peek-A-Boo
• Help your baby discover that actions do things, such as shaking a rattle
• Sing nursery rhymes
Tips:
• Talk to your baby and respond to their sounds. This helps them develop their language and communication skills
(Gavin, 2011)
EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS
• Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222
• Doctor’s #: _____________________
• Parent Work #: ____________________ / ________________
Cellphone #: _________________ / ________________
• Neighbor or Relative (if you need someone to watch
other kids in case of an emergency) __________________
6 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Sits briefly using hands for support; rotates positions while on
tummy; bears weight on one hand while on tummy
Immunizations:
• Rotavirus: 3rd (If indicated - Consult Physician)
Fine Motor: Transfers objects from hand to hand; rakes objects
into hand; picks up second object while holding onto
another; reaches with one hand
• Hepatitis B: 3rd
• Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP): 3rd
Self-help: Feeds self crackers (if appropriate for child
- consult physician); places hands on bottle
• Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib): 3rd
Cognitive/Academic: Touches reflection and vocalizes;
removes cloth from face; bangs and shakes toys
• Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV): 3rd
• Polio: 3rd
• Influenza: 1st (During flu season)
Social/Emotional: Stranger anxiety - recognizes familiar and unfamiliar
people
(CDC, 2014)
Receptive Language: Responds briefly when told “no”; gestures for “up”
Expressive Language: Repetitive babble; listens and responds with
vocalizations; smiles/vocalizes to mirror
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
• Hold baby up in front of a mirror and let them interact with their reflection
• Consult your physician before adding solid foods (such as cereal or baby food) - Watch for feeding readiness cues.
• Solid foods are typically added into infant’s diet around 6 months of age.
Tips:
Dirty Diapers: Normal stooling patterns vary, some babies pass a
stool after each feeding, while others may only have 1-2 per day.
(AAP, 2013)
• Most babies gain about one pound per month between now and their 1st birthday. (IFSN, 2014)
• Allow for extra time to get used to new people, places, and environments before leaving baby with someone unfamiliar to them to minimize separation anxiety
(Gavin, 2011)
TEETHING TIPS
Your baby may be teething around this time or may
already have a couple teeth at this point. As the teeth
come in, your baby may become fussy or have a slight
temperature.
• Try offering them a cold teething ring or teething biscuit.
• Comfort them with lots of hugs and love.
• Distract them through reading their favorite book or playing with them and their favorite toy.
(IFSN, 2014)
7 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Bounces when held; sits without support;
balances by putting arms out to sides
(CDC, 2014)
Fine Motor: Grasps objects using side of hand
Self-help: Refuses excess food
Cognitive/Academic: Explores different aspects
of toys; observes object in each hand; finds partially
hidden objects
Social/Emotional: Looks at object to caregiver and back
when wanting help
Receptive Language: Looks toward familiar object when
named; interacts with music
Expressive Language: Increased variety of syllables
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
• Continue to consult your physician regarding solid foods and
your child’s needs.
Dirty Diapers: Normal stooling patterns vary, some babies pass a stool after each feeding, while others may only
have 1-2 per day. (AAP, 2013)
• Read books to your infant on a daily basis. Point to the
pictures using interactive noises or sounds when
appropriate.
• Sing with your baby and make music using everyday
household items (spoons, pots and pans, bowls, cups,
etc.)
Tips:
• Try to pick out books made of materials that will
withstand some drooling and chewing when possible
(such as cardboard, vinyl, or cloth).
(Gavin, 2011)
CHILDPROOFING YOUR HOME
• Keep guns, choking hazards, toxic, hot, and sharp items out of reach.
• Use Safety gates
• Install outlet covers
• Never leave young children unattended in a bathtub or around a bucket/pool of water
• Install smoke detectors (Remember to change batteries regularly)
• Install knob covers to doors of non-childproofed areas
• Avoid plush bedding and stuffed animals in cribs
• Don’t use walkers
Supervision is the best way to prevent and avoid
accidents, especially in unfamiliar environments. Be aware
of your child’s surroundings and potential hazards.
(Gavin, 2014)
8 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Gets into sitting position; commando (“army”) crawls; pulls
self to sitting/kneeling position
Fine Motor: Grasps with all four fingers and side of thumb (Scissor grasp);
Removes object from cup or box
(CDC, 2014)
Self-help: Holds own bottle; finger feeds (Cheerios, etc.)
Cognitive/Academic: Seeks objects after it falls on the
floor
Social/Emotional: Lets caregiver know mood (happy vs upset,
etc.); engages in gaze monitoring (adult looks away and child follows
adult glance with own eyes)
Receptive Language: Responds to simple commands (such as “Come
here”); looks for familiar faces when asked where they are (“Where’s Mama?”)
Expressive Language: Says “Mama” (non-specific); non-reduplicated
babble; imitates sound
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
• Continue to consult your physician regarding solid foods and
your child’s needs.
Dirty Diapers: Normal stooling patterns vary, some babies
pass a stool after each feeding, while others may only
have 1-2 per day. (AAP, 2013)
• Encourage crawling during tummy time by helping your
baby get into the crawling position on hands and knees.
• Continue to play games like Peek-A-Boo or Hide & Seek.
• Teach your baby action songs, like “Pat-A-Cake,” “This
Little Piggy,” “The Itsy Bitsy Spider.” “Pop Goes the
Weasel.” Babies love to hear and learn these songs and
anticipate the accompanying movements.
Tips:
• As strange as it may sound, crawl around on your hands
and knees around your home to help identify potential
safety hazards for baby that may need to be addressed.
(Gavin, 2011)
APPROPRIATE TOYS
AT 9 MONTHS
• Balls
• Blocks
• Toy telephone
• Shape sorters
• Plush toys
• Pail and shovel
(BabyCenter Products and Gear, 2014)
9 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: “Stands” on feet and hands, begins creeping, crawls
with all four limbs straightened
Fine Motor: Grasps with two finger and thumb, bangs two
cubes together
Self-help: Bites, chews
Cognitive/Academic: Inspects parts of a bell, rings
bell after demonstration, pulls a string to obtain an
attached toy out of reach
(CDC, 2014)
Well Child Check
Development Assessment will be performed, might include; sitting independently, pull up with or without help, reaching for objects, pick up objects, responds to name, recognizes words such as mommy or da-da.
(Murkoff & Mazel, 2010)
Social/Emotional: Uses sounds to get attention, separation anxiety,
recognizes familiar people visually
Receptive Language: Enjoys gesture games, orients to name well
Expressive Language: Imitates sounds
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
Weight Gain: ⅓ oz a day
Tips:
Wet Diapers: 6-12 in a day
Height: ½ inch per month
(Boom, 2014), (UpToDate, 2014)
• Dance and sing with your baby to a song
• Let baby tear and crumble tissue paper
• Count your baby’s fingers and toes during playful activity
• Have fun with baby as you clap hands, wave, click
tongues, smack lips, etc.
• Make sure toys are well made, no long strings, bigger the
better to prevent choking hazards.
• When you do start to introduce new foods make sure to
do one at a time, with at least three days in between to
make sure your baby’s not allergic.
BOOKS FOR BABIES
• I Love you, Stinky Face
• Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What do you see?
• Goodnight Moon
• Playskool Baby Faces
• Hush-A Bye Baby
• Hey Diddle, Diddle
10 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Creeps well, stands with one hand held, walks
with two hands held
(CDC, 2014)
Fine Motor: Clumsy release of cube, graps pellet with thumb
and index finger
Self-help: Drinks from a cup held for them
Cognitive/Academic: Pokes at pellet in bottle,
tries to put cube in cup, but may not be able to let go.
Social/Emotional: Experiences fear, looks preferentially
when name is called
Receptive Language: Enjoys Peek-A-Boo, waves “bye-bye”
back
Expressive Language: Says “Dada”, waves bye-bye
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
• Play “This Little Piggy” with finger or toes
• Play “Pop Goes the Weasel”
• Read picture books to baby
• Blow bubbles with baby
16-32 oz or 3-4 feeds a day
Tips:
• You may notice baby starts to bite you - the most
effective response is to remove the little biter and calmly
say “No biting” and then quickly distract them
• The best shoes for a new walker are no shoes
• When baby starts to stand it is best to lower the crib
mattress to prevent accidents
(IFSN, 2014), (Murkoff & Mazel, 2010)
DENTAL CARE FOR BABIES
• Birth to time teeth appear: Wipe gum ridge with a clean wet cloth
• As soon as first teeth appear: Brush
teeth daily with water and an infant size
toothbrush
• To protect baby’s teeth, do not let baby fall asleep with a bottle
(IFSN, 2014)
11 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Walks with one hand held, pivots in sitting,
stands for a few seconds
(CDC, 2014)
Fine Motor: Throws objects, stirs with spoon
Self-help: Cooperates with dressing
Cognitive/Academic: Finds toy under a cup,
looks at pictures in book
Social/Emotional: Gives objects to adult for action after
demonstations (lets adult know to help)
Receptive Language: Stops activity when told “no”, bounces
to music
Expressive Language: Says first word, vocalizes to songs
(LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
• Give baby a couple of bath toys to play with
• Ask your baby a lot of questions so they will talk to you
• Use labels when talking to your child. For example: point
out nose, mouth, crib, chair, etc.
16-32 oz or 3-4 feedings a day
Tips:
• Cheer your baby on as they start to develop new skills
• Don’t talk like a baby, use clear words so baby can
understand and copy
• Make sure still using car seat while in vehicle
• Make sure baby gates are up and sharp edges covered
TIPS FOR BABY’S FIRST
BIRTHDAY PARTY
• Keep party invites and decor light - too many people or
decorations can be overwhelming
• Make sure baby is well rested
• Let baby eat their cake
• Record the party because it will be over quickly
12 MONTH PHOTO
Gross Motor: Independent steps, stands well with arms high
Immunizations:
Fine Motor: Holds crayons, scribbles, attempts tower of two
cubes
• Varicella (Chickenpox): 1st
Self-help: Finger feeds part of meal, takes off hat,
cooperates in dressing
• Hepatitis A: 1st
Cognitive/Academic: Rattles spoon in cup, lifts
box lid to find toy
• Influenza: 1st (During flu season)
Social/Emotional: Shows objects to parent to share
interest, points in order to get desired object
• MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella): 1st
• Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV 13): 3rd
(CDC, 2014)
Lab Tests
• Hemoglobin/Hematocrit/Lead
Receptive Language: Follows one-step command with
gesture, recognizes names of two objects - looks when names
Expressive Language: Uses several gestures with vocalizing
(waving, reaching, etc) (LaRosa, 2014)
Activities:
Growth & Nutrition
16-32 oz or 3-4 feedings a day
Tips:
• Usually grows 10 inches and triple birth weight by age 1
• Let baby touch things they are interested in and tell baby what they are touching
• Let baby touch/taste small amounts of new food that
you are eating
• Make sure to share toys with other kids or with you
• Take baby to stores with you to let them experience
some new environments
• Schedule baby’s first dental visit
• Make sure household has been prepared for baby as they
start to become more independently active
Northwest Area Education Agency does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, religion, national origin, gender, age, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, veteran status or as otherwise
prohibited by law in its educational programs, services and employment practices. Questions or grievances related to this policy may be addressed to: Jerome Schaefer, Equity Coordinator, 1520 Morningside Ave., Sioux
City, IA 51106-1716, 712/222-6114.

Birth to 1 year

Transcription

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