BROADBAND - Blonder Tongue

Transcription

BROADBAND
SPECIFICATION
GUIDE
Everything You Need to Know to Specify a Broadband/RF System
2012
Version 6 • $25.95 U.S.A.
One Jake Brown Road, Old Bridge, NJ 08857
800-523-6049 • Fax: 732-679-4353
www.blondertongue.com
Rev: 130211
Broadband Specification Guide
Introduction
This Broadband Specification Guide has been designed to break down a broadband system into simple
building blocks to be used when specifying an RF System for any type of facility.
Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. has been in the business of manufacturing equipment for
broadband systems for over 60 years. We have taken that knowledge and experience to formulate
this Broadband Specification Guide especially for specifiers/architects/engineers using easy-tounderstand descriptions accompanied with relevant diagrams.
While the information presented in this guide is intended to help you design a RF
systems it is not intended to be applicable or suited to every circumstance which might arise during the
design or construction phases of such a system.
The information and diagrams contained in this guide are the exclusive property of Blonder Tongue
Laboratories, Inc., and may be reproduced, published for specifying, designing a RF system, or promoting
Blonder Tongue products.
No warranty or liability is implied, nor expressed and this guide should not be construed to be a
replacement for knowledge and experience provided by a professional RF designer/engineer.
Suggestions or feedback? Simply e-mail us at feedback@blondertongue.com with the subject line of
“Broadband Specification Guide.”
©2012 Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are property of their respective owners. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Not responsible for typographical errors.
2
Table of Contents
Functional System Descriptions and Diagrams:
1. Content from Satellite
Signal From DBS Satellite................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Digital Satellite Receiver (ASI) to QAM............................................................................................................................................................ 10
HD Satellite Receiver to MPEG2 HD Encoder/QAM........................................................................................................................................ 12
QPSK/8PSK Satellite to QAM...........................................................................................................................................................................14
2. Content from Over-the-Air
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Analog Viewing........................................................................................................................................ 18
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM).............................................................................................................................. 20
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (8VSB).............................................................................................................................. 22
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) UHF Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) with EAS....................................................................................................... 24
EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing................................................................................................................................................. 26
3. Content from CATV Provider
Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing.................................................................................................................................. 30
Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)....................................................................................................................... 32
Cable TV Feed................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Cherry Picking From an Analog Cable TV Feed.............................................................................................................................................. 36
Cherry Picking From an Analog Cable TV Feed Using Demod/Remod No Stereo.......................................................................................... 38
Preventing Reception of Undesired Programming on Cable TV Feed............................................................................................................. 40
MSO HD Free-to-Guest for Hotels.................................................................................................................................................................. 42
4. Content from Locally Generated Source
Local Origination............................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Digital QAM Channel Generation................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Inserting a Local Origination Into a Cable TV Feed......................................................................................................................................... 50
Inserting a Local Origination Above a Cable TV Feed..................................................................................................................................... 52
Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Processors................................................................................................................................................ 54
Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Demod/Remod........................................................................................................................................ 56
Digital Sub-Channel Return............................................................................................................................................................................ 58
Security Camera Sub-Channel Return.............................................................................................................................................................60
5. IPTV Applications
EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception Distributed via IP................................................................................................................................................. 62
Digital CATV (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing (via IP)............................................................................................................................... 64
CATV Digital Cherry-Picking with IP Distribution......................................................................................................................................66
Local Origination Encoding for IP Distribution..........................................................................................................................................68
CATV/Broadcaster Backhaul System for Remote Originating Content............................................................................................................70
6. RF/Fiber Distribution
Coaxial Distribution......................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Hybrid Fiber and Coax Distribution................................................................................................................................................................. 80
7. Miscellaneous
High Speed Broadband Internet..................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Remote Power Reset....................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Equipment Specification Library............................................................................................................................................................ 88
Frequency Charts (CATV, CATV QAM, Off-Air)......................................................................................................................................... 127
CATV Terms & Definitions..................................................................................................................................................................... 135
Blonder Tongue Acronyms..................................................................................................................................................................... 153
CATV & IPTV Acronyms.......................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Additional Reading and Web Listings................................................................................................................................................ 162
3
Safety Instructions
Safety Instructions
You should always follow these instructions to help ensure against injury
to yourself and damage to your equipment.
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Read all safety and operating instructions before you operate the unit.
Retain all safety and operating instructions for future reference.
Heed all warnings on the unit and in the safety and operating instructions.
Follow all installation, operating, and use instructions.
Unplug the unit from the AC power outlet before cleaning. Use only a damp cloth for cleaning the
exterior of the unit.
Do not use accessories or attachments not recommended by Blonder Tongue, as they may cause
hazards, and will void the warranty.
Do not operate the unit in high-humidity areas, or expose it to water or moisture.
Do not place the unit on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The unit may fall, causing
serious personal injury and damage to the unit. Install the unit only in a mounting rack designed for
19” rack-mounted equipment.
Do not block or cover slots and openings in the unit. These are provided for ventilation and protection
from overheating. Never place the unit near or over a radiator or heat register. Do not place the unit
in an enclosure such as a cabinet without proper ventilation. Do not mount equipment in the rack
space directly above or below the unit.
Operate the unit using only the type of power source indicated on the marking label. Unplug the unit
power cord by gripping the plug, not the cord.
The unit is equipped with a three-wire ground-type plug. This plug will fit only into a ground-type
power outlet. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact an electrician to replace the
outlet. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the ground-type plug.
Route power supply cords so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon
or against them. Pay particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point
where they exit from the unit.
e sure that the outdoor components of the antenna system are grounded in accordance with local, federal, and
B
National Electrical Code (NEC) requirements. Pay special attention to NEC Sections 810 and 820.
See the example shown in the following diagram:
Satellite Dish
Ground Clamp
Coaxial Cable
from Satellite Dish
Electric Service
Equipment
Antenna Discharge Unit
(NEC Section 810-20)
Ground Clamps
Power Service
Grounding
Electrode System
(NEC Art. 250, Part H)
Grounding Conductors
(NEC Section 810-21)
4
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5
6
Section One:
Content from Satellite
7
Signal From DBS Satellite
Functionality
This system will allow you to receive any channel that is available via the small dish satellite and distribute
it through the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a
hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.
In the early 1990’s the advent of the high power, direct broadcast satellite marked a turning point for
reception of satellite signals. Prior to DBS, very large satellite antennas (10 + feet), or dishes, were required
to receive and amplify programming. The average commercial grade DBS is no more that 3 feet across,
and can be mounted virtually anywhere. The reception and processing of DBS satellite signals in theory
is no different than the off air models presented earlier, there are only differences in the electronics
employed to do the job.
In Depth Description
The start of the system is the dish itself. There are many different types of DBS satellite dishes and
mounts on the market, each intended for a different purpose. It is critical to the system operation that the
satellite dish and LNBf are matched for proper operation. The correct units are based upon the desired
programming to be received. The site must have a dish mounted on the outside of the building to receive
these signals. If there is not adequate reception to hand off to the satellite receiver, an in-line amplifier
may need to be employed. Since the necessity of an in-line amplifier can not be determined until a site
survey is performed, it is advisable to specify the in-line amplifier, “as required by site survey”.
The satellite receiver is the piece of electronics that accepts the signal from the satellite dish, and provides
a baseband audio and video that can be presented to a modulator. It is the job of the modulator to take
the audio and video and make them in to a cable TV channel.
This channel can then be combined with other locally generated channels or a cable TV feed. This
combining should be done with professional quality equipment and at the correct level to prevent the
channels from interfering with each other. If you pick one product from each category on the next page,
you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified,
the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.
8
Functional Block Diagram
A
A
B
T
E
B
(MULTISWITCH)
- SMR-1600 # 6467
C
(RECEIVER)
(BY OTHERS)
D
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550 # 59416
- AM-60-860/OPT. 5 # 59415A / 5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)
- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)
- MICM-45DS #7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)
- AMCM-860 #7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)
F
(COMBINER)
- HPC-8 COMBINER #5791
- HPC-24 COMBINER # 5790
G
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
H
(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY)
- MIRC-4D # 7711
- MIRC-12V # 7715
MIPS-12D # 7722D
C
H
D
#__
E
(DISH/LNB)
(BY OTHERS)
F
G
9
1
Signal From DBS Satellite
Digital Satellite Receiver (ASI) -> QAM
Functionality
This system will allow you to generate a digital television channel using QAM modulation from a
MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream from a digital satellite receiver. This
application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are capable of receiving QAM television channels
either directly with an HDTV ready TV with an integrated 8VSB/QAM tuner or through the use of set-top
converter boxes.
The QAM Modulator is the basic unit of digital cable transmission. The AQM is designed to accept a DVB
based MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream and modulate it into a QAM
(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) signal. The AQM also integrates a super low noise upconverter in the
compact modular unit. The built in advanced bit stuffing circuitry ensures that Null Packets are inserted
into the ASI transport stream if needed to ensure the correct baud rate is transmitted. Unit programming
is easily accomplished through the front panel navigation buttons and LCD menuing system.
When the new QAM signal is combined with other analog channels in the system the level should be
attenuated so that it is 6—10 dB below the adjacent analog signals, (typically 6 dB for 256 & above and
10 dB for 64 QAM). It is always recommended to set the unit output level at the +40 dBmV and externally
attenuate for optimal noise performance. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be
looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.
10
1
Digital Satellite Receiver (ASI)
QAM
A SATELLITE RECEIVER (6)
ASI
B
(X6)
C
D
QAM Channel
Output
A
(DIGITAL SATELLITE RECEIVER)
(BY OTHERS)
B
(QAM MODULATOR X6)
- AQM # 6271 B
C
- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS AND
- MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)
D
(COMBINER)
11
HD Satellite Receiver to MPEG2 HD Encoder/QAM
Functionality
This system receives four (4) high definition program sources from digital satellite receivers and provides
MPEG-2 encoding and QAM modulation for distribution over a standard coaxial system. HD TV’s with
QAM tuners are required for viewing.
The HDE-2H/2S-QAM encoder accepts inputs from the satellite receivers in any of the following formats:
(4) component video inputs, (2) HD-SDI, and (2) HDMI (unencrypted). The HDE-4S-QAM encoder
also has (4) component inputs, but has (4) HD-SDI inputs and no HDMI inputs. Any 4 input connector
combinations can be used. Example: 2 component + 2 HDMI, or 2 component + 1 HDMI + 1 HD-SDI,
etc..
The MPEG-2 encoded outputs are provided in QAM RF as well as GigE (1000Base-T Ethernet) and ASI
simultaneously. Only the QAM output is used in this particular application. The QAM output consists
of 4 adjacent channels. The HDE Series encoders can be configured for either one program per QAM
channel, or two programs per QAM channel for greater bandwidth efficiency. Additionally any unused
QAM channels can be individually turned off.
Dolby® Digital audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708) are also supported by the
encoders. An Emergency Alert System (EAS) interface is also provided.
The HDE Series feature local/remote monitoring and control using a standard Web browser via a frontpanel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection.
The encoder’s QAM output is connected to the headend combiner, combining with analog or other digital
channels to launch into the headend amplifier and distribution network.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Most HD content is copyrighted and typically DRM (Digital Rights Management)
protected. Operators must get approval from their provider(s) to legally distribute content in this manner.
Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at
the end of this publication.
12
A
B
COMPONENT VIDEO
L/R AUDIO
A
(DISH/LNB)
(BY OTHERS)
B
(HD SATELLITE RX)
(BY OTHERS)
C
(MPEG2 HD ENCODER/QAM)
-HDE-2H/2S-QAM #6379
-HDE-4S-QAM #6374
D
(COMBINER)
E
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
C
#__
D
E
13
1
HD Satellite Receiver to MPEG2 HD Encoder/QAM
QPSK/8PSK Satellite to QAM
Functionality
This system is an alternative to L-BAND distribution for delivering Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) services
such as the Dish Network to customers residing in large MDU’s. It eliminates L-BAND’s 2GHz high
frequency- multiple cable design requirements by transcoding each of the typically 27 MHz wide QPSK /
8PSK modulated satellite transponders to 6 MHz wide QAM channels. All transmitted programs within
each satellite transponder are present in the transcoded output QAM channel. One transcoder is required
for each desired transponder. A system typically will contain 60 or more transcoder modules (QTM’s)
for program delivery. Standard coaxial CATV distribution can now be used for service delivery. At each
subscriber location an authorized Dish QAM set-top box or a Dish Q-Box with a Dish satellite receiver is
used.
The QT Series consists of QTM transcoder modules, a QTPCM power supply and control module and a
QTRC rack chassis. Each QTRC accommodates eight (8) QTM’s and (1) QTPCM as shown in the drawing.
Other components used are the QTRFS 8-way L-Band splitter which splits the L-BAND signal from the
dish/LNB to the inputs of the transcoder modules, and the QTRFC 8-way combiner that combines the
(8) RF outputs. Each QTM has an input tuner capable of receiving transponders from a single polarity or
stacked LNB operating in the 950-2150 MHz frequency range. The QTM transcodes or converts to a QAM
channel in the frequency range of 54-864 MHz. All set-up and control of the QTM’s are done through the
QTPCM module. Optional web servers are available to provide remote control and monitoring via an IP
connection using a computer with a standard web browser. The QT-HWS-II uses 1 slot in the QTRC and
the QT-HWS-A is a standalone 1RU version. Only one (1) webserver is required per headend location.
The QT rack outputs can then be combined with analog and other digital channels via standard headend
combiners for connection to the distribution system.
When adding to an existing system, make sure the current distribution system is suitable
and has the necessary bandwidth to accommodate the new channels beforehand!
Service subscribers will require authorized Dish QAM set-top boxes or Dish Q-Boxes with Dish satellite
receivers. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification
library at the end of this publication.
14
A
B
A
(DISH/LNB)
(BY OTHERS)
B
(8 WAY SPLITTER)
- QTRFS #6234-2
C
(TRANSCODER)
- QTM-HD #6241A
D
(POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL)
- QTPCM PLUS #6232B
E
(RACK CHASSIS)
- QTRC #6233
F
(8 PORT COMBINER)
- QTRFC #6234-1
D
C
E
F
15
1
QPSK/8PSK Satellite to QAM
16
Section Two:
Content from Over-the-Air
17
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Analog Viewing
Functionality
This system will allow you to receive the local, digital (8VSB) off-air broadcast programming that is
available in the market and distribute it through the facility in a format that can be viewed by the existing
analog televisions. The output signal can be delivered via a traditional coaxial or HFC distribution network.
This application assumes that all of the televisions in the system have analog tuners and therefore cannot
receive the digital channel directly.
In Depth Discussion
Antennas are selected based on the frequency/channel that is to be received, not the content, all off-air/
broadcast antennas will receive both analog and digital signals, however receiving the new digital off-air
channel may require a new antenna because of the new channel frequency assignment of the digital
channel. The requirement for a pre-amp or not cannot be determined until a site survey is performed.
It’s advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the
antenna mast, and requires a separate power supply that is mounted in the building. The appropriate
power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately. The AQD Digital Demodulator
is the system component that receives the off-air digital channel and tunes to a particular program (within
the channel) if multiple programs are transmitted. The digital demodulator provides analog, baseband
audio and video outputs to connect an analog modulator. This modulator then creates the new channel
that will be viewed by the existing analog televisions. It is common practice to re-modulate onto unused
VHF or CATV channels to minimize distribution losses and make it easier to construct and manage the
system. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the
correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. Selecting one product from each category
on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once
all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end
of this publication.
18
Digital Off Air (8VSB) Reception - Analog Viewing
B
C
(ANTENNA)
- BTY-10-U # 4873 (SINGLE CH UHF)
- BTY-UHF-BB # 4875 (BROADBAND UHF)
B
(PRE-AMPLIFIER - UHF)
- SCMA-Ub # 4426 (SINGLE CH)
- CMA-Uc # 1264 (BROADBAND UHF)
C
(PRE-AMPLIFIER POWER SUPPLY)
- PS-1526 # 1526
D
(8VSB/QAM DEMODULATOR)
- AQD # 6245 (REQUIRES “E”)
** OPTIONAL
- AQD-RCS # 2730 (Remote Config Server)
E
- QTRC # 6233 (CHASSIS) AND
AQD-PCM # 6246 (POWER SUPPLY)
F
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-860 / OPT. 5 # 59415A/5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)
** THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “G”
- MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)
- AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR - AGILE)
G
- MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY)
- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND
MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)
H
(COMBINER)
I
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
E
D
G
F
H
I
19
2
A
A
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)
Functionality
It is common for digital televisions to only lock to digital CATV QAM signals when the digital television is
set or tuned to the “CATV” mode. This creates difficulties for systems/facilities transmitting standard ATSC
digital off-air or broadcast 8VSB signals. This solution solves this problem by converting an entire 8VSB
digital off-air channel to a digital QAM signal. This new QAM channel will be available in the CATV band
permitting the current generation of digital televisions that are integrated with QAM tuners to easily tune
and display the television picture. This eliminates the problem of having to reprogram the television every
time the customer wants to switch between digital CATV and digital off-air channels.
channel. The requirement for a pre-amp or not cannot be determined until a site survey is performed.
It’s advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the
power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately. The AQT, ATSC to QAM
Transcoder, is the system component that receives the off-air digital (8VSB) channel and changes the
modulation scheme. The ATSC to QAM Transcoder is a modular unit that receives either an 8VSB (Digital
Off-air) or QAM (Digital CATV) signal, and transcodes it to any CATV QAM channel. The transcoding
enables televisions with QAM digital tuners to seamlessly view the 8VSB Off-air digital signals on cable
television frequency assignments without having to change the television tuner input from ‘CATV’ mode
to ‘Off- Air’ mode. The input digital signal is stripped of it’s original digital modulation (8VSB or QAM),
leaving just the basic data stream. The AQT then creates a new, clean QAM carrier and reinserts the
original data stream on to this new QAM carrier. If the original channel was encrypted, it will remain
encrypted, if the original channel was in the clear, it will remain in the clear. Selecting one product from
each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working
system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification
20
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)
(ANTENNA)
B
C
- PS-1526 # 1526
D
(8VSB/QAM TO QAM TRANSCODER)
- AQT # 6275
E
- QTRC # 6233 (8 SLOT CHASSIS) AND
AQT-PCM # 6276 (POWER SUPPLY)
** OPTIONAL
- AQT-RCS # 2736 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)
F
(COMBINER)
G
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
B
C
D
E
F
G
21
2
A
A
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (8VSB)
Functionality
This system will allow you to receive the local, digital (8VSB) off-air broadcast programming that is available
in the market and distribute it through the facility in it’s original digital format. This signal can now be
handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coax distribution network within
the facility. A digital television with an 8VSB tuner is required to display this channel. The main component
difference between a digital and standard analog channel in the headend is the channel processor. Because
of signal format differences, the digital signal requires a digital channel processor that is specifically
designed for digital off-air broadcasts. It is important to note that standard analog channel processors will
not work on digital channels and standard television sets will not receive digitally transmitted programs.
In Depth Discussion
Antennas are selected based on the frequency/channel that is to be received, not the content, all offair/broadcast antennas will receive both analog and digital signals, however receiving the new digital
off-air channel may require a new antenna because of the new channel frequency assignment of the
digital channel. Since the necessity of a pre-amp cannot be determined until a site survey is performed,
it is advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the
power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately. The digital processor is the
system component that filters and amplifies to condition the particular channel being received. The
processor can convert the received channel to another channel for output onto the system. It is common
practice to convert desired local UHF channels to non-broadcast VHF channels in the market. This is done
to minimize losses, and make it easier to construct and manage the distribution network. When the new
channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the correct level so that the
signals do not interfere with each other. Digitally modulated carriers (ATSC, 8VSB, QAM) should have an
output signal level that is about 10 dB less than it’s equivalent analog channel. Selecting one product from
22
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (8VSB)
A
A
B
C
- PS-1526 # 1526
D
(HIGH DEFINITION PROCESSOR)
- DHDP- V Combo # 6266A
(OCCUPIES 2 SLOTS IN CHASSIS)
E
- MIRC12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND
F
(COMBINER)
G
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
C
D
E
F
G
23
2
B
(ANTENNA)
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) UHF Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) with EAS
Functionality
It is common for digital televisions to only lock to digital CATV QAM signals when the digital television
is set or tuned to the “CATV” mode. This creates difficulties for systems/facilities transmitting standard
ATSC digital off-air or broadcast 8VSB signals. This solution solves this problem by transcoding the 8VSB
digital off-air channel to a digital QAM signal. This new QAM channel will be available in the CATV band
permitting the current generation of digital televisions that are integrated with QAM tuners to easily tune
and display the television picture. This eliminates the problem of having to reprogram the television every
time the customer wants to switch between digital CATV and digital off-air channels. Additionally this
system provides program filtering and multiplexing of the two 8VSB channel inputs into a single QAM
output channel. It also features EAS (Emergency Alert System) capability and PSIP manipulation for user
assigned virtual channel assignments.
In Depth Discussion
channel. The requirement for a pre-amp or not cannot be determined until a site survey is performed. It’s
advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the antenna
mast, and requires a separate power supply that is mounted in the building. The appropriate power supply
for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately.
The MUX-2D-QAM, 8VSB/QAM Multiplexer, is the system component that receives the off-air digital
(8VSB) channel and changes the modulation scheme from ATSC to QAM. The MUX-2D-QAM has two RF
inputs, receiving either 8VSB (Digital Off-air) or QAM (Digital CATV) signals, transcoding then multiplexing
them into one CATV QAM channel from 2 to 125. The transcoding enables televisions with QAM digital
tuners to seamlessly view the 8VSB Off-air digital signals on cable television frequency assignments
without having to change the television tuner input from ‘CATV’ mode to ‘Off- Air’ mode. The MUX-2DQAM also provides the user with the ability to filter out selected programs on each of the 2 RF inputs.
Undesired programs can be eliminated with the added benefit of grooming the output to fall within the
maximum allowable QAM 256 bit rate of 38.8 Mbps (twice the capacity of 8VSB). The EAS (Emergency
Alert System) capability over-rides all output programs with a locally inserted EAS message in ASI format
when triggered by either 5-12 VDC or dry contact closure.
Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary
components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked
up in the specification library at the end of this publication.
24
Digital Off-Air (8VSB) UHF Reception - Digital Viewing
(QAM) with EAS
B
(ANTENNA)
B
C
- PS-1526 # 1526
D
(SPLITTER)
- SXRS-4 #1924
E
(8VSB/QAM TO QAM MULTIPLEXER)
- MUX-2D-QAM #6504
- DQMx #6259A-0X (DOES NOT HAVE EAS)
(X = 1 TO 4 RF INPUTS)
F
(COMBINER)
G
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
C
D
EAS INPUT
(ASI FORMAT)
E
OUT
F
G
25
2
A
A
EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing
Functionality
Any facility that wants to utilize a digital EBS/ITFS feed as a source for their analog televisions will need to
convert the digital signals back to analog. This system will allow you to receive the digital EBS/ITFS (QAM)
channel transmission and distribute it to the conventional analog televisions in the facility. The output
signal can be delivered via a traditional coaxial or HFC distribution network. This application assumes that
all the TV’s in the system are analog and therefore cannot receive the digital channel directly.
In Depth Discussion
The method to utilizing a digital EBS/ITFS signal is to employ an AQD Digital Demodulator and
modulator in series. The AQD is an agile device that can be set up to receive a digital EBS/ITFS channel
input signal from an EBS/ITFS downconverter. Its function is to extract the audio and video information
from the digital carrier and provide separate analog audio and video output signals. These separate
audio and video feeds, also called baseband audio and video, are then applied to an analog modulator.
It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them in to a NTSC cable TV channel
that can be viewed by the existing analog televisions. This channel can then be combined with other
channels that have been created at the property. It is common practice to re-modulate onto unused
VHF or CATV channels to minimize distribution losses and make it easier to construct and manage the
system. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the
correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. The keys to success in this system are
making sure that the AQD demodulators have enough input signal to function correctly and making
sure that the modulator is adjusted correctly for proper output level. Selecting one product from each
category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working
26
EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing
A
(ITFS ANTENNA)
- By Others
B
(ITFS Down Converter)
- By Others
C
(ITFS Down Converter Power Supply)
- By Others
D
(SPLITTERS)
- SXRS-4 # 1924
(8VSB/QAM DEMODULATOR)
- AQD # 6245 (REQUIRES “F”)
- MDDM 860 #6273 (RQUIRES “H”)
B
C
E
F
D
G
(MODULATOR)
E
F
G
H
I
(COMBINER)
J
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
H
I
J
27
2
A
28
Section Three:
Content from CATV Provider
29
Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing
Functionality
Any facility that wants to utilize a digital cable television feed as a source for their analog televisions will
need to convert the digital signals back to analog for the analog televisions. This system will allow you
to receive a digital non-encrypted (clear) QAM channel from the local cable company and distribute it to
conventional analog televisions in the facility. The output signal can be delivered via a traditional coaxial or
HFC distribution network. This application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are analog and therefore
cannot receive the digital channel directly.
In Depth Discussion
The method of utilizing a digital CATV signal is to employ an Digital Demodulator and modulator in series.
The Digital Demodulator is an agile device that can be set up to receive a digital CATV channel input signal.
Its function is to extract the audio and video information from the digital carrier and provide separate
analog audio and video output signals. These separate audio and video feeds, also called baseband audio
and video, are then applied to a modulator. It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and
make them in to a cable TV channel that can be viewed by the existing analog televisions. This channel
can then be combined with other channels that have been created at the property. It is common practice
to re-modulate onto unused VHF or CATV channels to minimize distribution losses and make it easier to
construct and manage the system. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility
it must be done at the correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. The keys to success
in this system are making sure that the demodulators have enough input signal to function correctly and
making sure that the modulator is adjusted correctly for proper output level. Selecting one product from
30
Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception -Analog Viewing
FEED FROM
CATV
A
A
B
C
C
- AQD-CH # 6233 (CHASSIS) AND
AQD-PCM # 6246 (POW ER SUPPLY)
D
(MODULATOR)
- MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL- STEREO)
D
E
F
G
E
MIPS-12C # 7722C (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)
F
(COMBINER)
G
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
31
3
B
(SPLITTERS)
- SXRS-4 # 1924
(8VSB/QAM DEMODUL ATOR)
- AQD # 6245 (REQUIRES “C”)
** OPTIONAL
- AQD-RCS # 2730 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)
Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)
Functionality
This system is the digital version of a traditional ‘Cherry Picker’ system. The system will allow you to select
a few desired digital channels from the local Cable Television Company, and ignore the undesired channels.
These desired digital channels can then be redistributed through the existing hybrid fiber / coaxial network
within the facility. This is extremely valuable if a large facility only has a 450 MHz distribution network, and
the MSO’s digital offering starts at 650 MHz, there is no room for the digital tier without a costly network
upgrade. The transcoder/processor can receive the desired high frequency clear (non encrypted) QAM
channels and transcode them to available channels within the existing 450 MHz network, delivering the
desired CATV QAM channels, while preventing a costly network upgrade. It can be viewed on any television
with a QAM digital tuner set to “CATV” mode.
In Depth Discussion
The ATSC to QAM Transcoder (AQT) and ATSC to QAM Processor (AQP) receive the QAM (Digital CATV)
signal and transcodes it to another CATV QAM channel. The unit can be used to ‘Cherry Pick’ selected
digital channels from the existing CATV QAM digital lineup and process it for redistribution. If the original
CATV QAM channel was encrypted, it will remain encrypted, requiring an authorized set-top for viewing.
If the original CATV QAM channel was in the clear, it will remain in the clear, and can be viewed on any
television with a QAM digital tuner set to “CATV” mode. This system will allow the facilities operator to
insert the selected CATV QAM carriers in to a bandwidth limited private CATV network. The input digital
signal is stripped of it’s original QAM digital modulation, leaving just the basic data stream. The AQT/AQP
then creates a new, clean QAM carrier and reinserts the original data stream on to this new QAM carrier.
32
Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception Digital Viewing (QAM)
(SPLITTERS)
- SXRS-4 # 1924
B
(8VSB/QAM TO QAM TRANSCODER)
- AQT # 6275
- AQP # 6268
C
- QTRC # 6233 (8 SLOT CHASSIS) AND
AQT-PCM # 6276 (POWER SUPPLY)
** OPTIONAL
- AQT-RCS # 2736 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)
D
(COMBINER)
E
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
3
A
FEED FROM
CATV
A
B
C
D
E
33
Cable TV Feed
Functionality
This system will allow you to distribute the local cable TV company’s signal through the facility. This signal
can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution
network within the facility.
The most basic of sources for programming is a feed from the local cable TV company. In order to distribute their signal through out the building, there will need to be some sort of signal amplification. It is
important that the amplifier be of the correct size in order to pass all of the cable TV companies signals
properly. If a local cable TV feed is going to be used, the specifier should contact the local cable TV
company and ask, “what is the highest frequency that your system passes?” The answer should be
a three-digit number ending with the unit of measure mega-hertz (MHz). The amplifier that is specified
should be rated at a higher frequency.
All of the passive devices that are used to split and tap off the signal in the system must be of a very
high RFI shielding. When a building system ties in to a cable TV systems feed, that building is subject
to the same FCC rules that the cable TV company is. If they have a system that is poorly constructed
and leaking signal, the cable TV company has the right to disconnect the building until the problems
are fixed.
Often these problems stem from poor construction practices, low quality connectors, splitters or taps.
For more information, please refer to “Coaxial Distribution” in this section of the guide. If you pick
one product from each category on the following pages, you will have all the components to ensure
a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the
specification library at the end of this publication.
34
Cable TV Feed
3
CATV INPUT
A
A
TO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SEE COAXIAL DISTRIBUTION
IN THIS SECTION
35
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
Cherry Picking From an Analog Cable TV Feed
Functionality
This system will allow you to select a few desired channels from the local cable TV company and ignore
all of the other undesired channels. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution
network or a hybrid fiber / coaxial distribution network within the facility.
There are two different sets of electronics that can be employed to create the desired channel line up.
The first method is to employ a channel processor. Channel processors come in several different versions,
but all do basically the same thing, they take one channel on the input, and convert it into another on
the output. If the channel line up is known well in advance, fixed processors can be used to minimize
cost. The downside of fixed processors is that if the local cable TV company changes it’s channel line up,
another processor would need to be purchased.
Agile processors are able to change both the input, and the output channel on the fly to be able to
accommodate any changes that might be necessary. The keys to success in this system are making sure
that the processors have enough input signal to function correctly and making sure that the output levels
are all set correctly so the channels do not interfere with each other.
The second method is to employ a demodulator and modulator in series. The demodulator is an agile
device that can be set up to receive a TV channel input signal. Its function is to extract the audio and video
information from the RF carriers and provide separate audio and video output signals. These separate
audio and video feeds, also called baseband audio and video, are then applied to a modulator. It is the
job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them in to a cable TV channel. This channel
can then be combined with other channels that have been created at the property. The keys to success
in this system are making sure that the demodulators have enough input signal to function correctly and
making sure that the modulator is adjusted correctly for proper modulation and output levels.
If you pick one product from each category on the following pages, you will have all of the components
to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in
the specification library at the end of this publication.
36
Functional Block Diagrams
Cherry Picking from an Analog Cable TV Feed
FROM CATV COMPANY
A
F
A
B
(PROCESSOR)
- AP-60-860 A # 59819 (AGILE)
D
(COMBINER)
E
(TAP/DIRECTIONAL COUPLER)
- SRT-** # 1940-** (ONE PORT - **=TAP VALUE)
- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)
- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)
- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)
#__
C
B
#__
C
D
F
37
3
E
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
Cherry Picking from an Analog Cable TV Feed
Using Demod/Remod No Stereo
FROM CATV COMPANY
A
A
G
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
B
(TAP/DIRECITONAL COUPLER)
- SRT-** # 1940-** (ONE PORT - **=TAP VALUE)
- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)
- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)
- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)
B
C
H
C
D
D
#__
(DEMODULATOR)
- AD-1B # 5932 (AGILE)
- MIDM-806C # 7740C (MODULAR - AGILE- REQUIRES “H”)
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550 # 59416
** THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “H”
- MICM-45D # 7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)
- AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)
E
E
F
(COMBINER)
H
(MODULAR - RACK CHASSIS)
- MIRC-4D # 7711 (CHASSIS + POWER SUPPLY)
- MIRC-12V # 7715 (CHASSIS) AND
MIPS-12D # 7722D (POWER SUPPLY FOR #7715)
F
G
38
39
Preventing Reception of Undesired Programming on Cable TV Feed
Functionality
This system will allow you to block undesired channels from your local cable TV company. Cable channels
determined to contain distracting, offensive or otherwise inappropriate programming material can be
prevented from being received throughout the facility’s distribution network.
The TV Channel Blocker (TVCB -PC) is user programmable that can block up to 40 channels between 2
and 86 (54-600 MHz). Channel blocking is accomplished by a method known as “interdiction”, which
utilizes interfering signals to provide dynamic channel jamming.
The TVCB is designed for input levels normally encountered on CATV drops, which is why it is installed
ahead of the distribution amplifier. The TVCB features a lockable enclosure to prevent unauthorized
program changes and unit bypassing.
The amplifier should be selected to meet the desired system channel capacity and gain requirements.
All passives (not shown – see Coaxial Distribution pages in this guide) must be rated for CATV applications
having high RFI shielding specifications and 5-1000 MHz frequency bandwidth. If you pick one product
from each category on the following pages, you will have all of the components to ensure a working
design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification
40
Preventing Reception of Undesired
Programming on Cable TV Feed
CATV INPUT
3
A
B
C
=
=
~
D
41
A
(TV CHANNEL BLOCKER)
- TVCB-PC # 9110
B
(TV CHANNEL BLOCKER POWER INSERTER)
- TVCB-2-PIF # 9128
C
(TV CHANNEL BLOCKER POWER SUPPLY)
- # 515111100A
D
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
MSO HD Free-to-Guest for Hotels
Functionality
This system allows CATV operators to provide HD Free-to-Guest programming to hotels via their CATV IP
network. Multiple HDTV programs received in IP format are delivered over a standard coaxial distribution
network using EdgeQAM technology. The EQAM-420A edge device can accept up to thirty two (32) HD
MPEG-2/H.264 transport streams (TS) in unencrypted (clear) 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) format and
aggregates them in up to eight (8) QAM RF channels in the 54-996 MHz range. The EQAM channels can
then be combined at the headend with other hotel channels for distribution in the building.
The EQAM-420A accepts unencrypted (clear) 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) streams in one of the following
two modes:
Mode 1: up to thirty-two (32) MPEG-2/H.264 Single Program Transport Streams (SPTS)
Mode 2: up to eight (8) MPEG-2/H.264 Multi Program Transport Streams (MPTS), each not to exceed
38.8 Mbps. (6 max when using Pro:Idiom™)
The EQAM-420A is available with one or two (as shown in this application) QAM output modules, each
capable of delivering four (4) adjoining QAM channels. Each QAM channel may contain up to four (4)
HD programs when H.264 encoded and two to three (2 – 3) when MPEG-2 encoded depending on bit
rates used (QAM 256 has a maximum capacity of 38.8 Mbps). Note that most QAM capable HD TV’s can
only receive MPEG-2 encoded channels, therefore distributing H.264 encoded QAM channels may require
appropriately equipped set-top-boxes (STB) at the TV locations.
The EQAM-420A is available with “clear” or Pro:Idiom™ encrypted QAM outputs. Pro:Idiom™ is primarily
used in the lodging industry to protect against content piracy and requires Pro:Idiom™ TV’s for viewing.
All QAM RF outputs will be encrypted regardless of the number of output modules present or the number
of QAM RF channels assigned on each module.
The EQAM-420A output is connected to the headend combiner, combining with other hotel channels to
launch into the headend amplifier and distribution network.
Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at
the end of this publication.
42
MSO HD Free-to-Guest for Hotels
CATV IP NETWORK
(UP TO 32 HD
PROGRAM STREAMS)
A
EXISTING ANALOG
CHANNEL INPUTS
(8 QAM CHANNELS)
B
C
43
A
(EDGEQAM)
- EQAM-420A-2-32 #6522A
B
(COMBINER)
C (AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
3
IP
44
Section Four:
Content from Locally Generated Source
45
Local Origination
Functionality
This system will allow you to create virtually any channel desired from a multitude of sources, and distribute
it through the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a
hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.
Local origination is a term used to describe any channel that is generated within the facility. For this
publication we are going to limit the definition to; character generators, computers with audio/video
output cards, DVD players, VCRs, security cameras and studio cameras. These are all devices that provide
a baseband audio and video output that can be handed off to a modulator.
It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them into a cable TV channel.
This channel can then be combined with other locally generated channels or a cable TV feed.
This combining should be done with professional quality equipment to prevent them from interfering
with each other. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the
components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be
46
Local Origination
A
V
A
A
E
#__
B
(COMBINER)
D
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
E
(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS)
MIPS-12 # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)
C
D
47
4
B C
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550 # 59416
- AM-60-860 /OPT. 5 # 59415A/ 5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)
- MICM-45D # 7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)
- AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)
Digital QAM Channel Generation
Functionality
This system will allow you to generate a digital television channel using QAM modulation from a
MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream. ASI outputs are typically available
on video servers and digital satellite receivers. This application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are
capable of receiving QAM television channels either directly with an HDTV ready TV with an integrated
8VSB/QAM tuner or through the use of set-top converter boxes.
The QAM Modulator is the basic unit of digital cable transmission. The AQM is designed to accept a DVB
based MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream and modulate it into a QAM
(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) signal. The AQM also integrates a super low noise upconverter in the
compact modular unit. The built in advanced bit stuffing circuitry ensures that Null Packets are inserted
into the ASI transport stream if needed to ensure the correct baud rate is transmitted. Unit programming
is easily accomplished through the front panel navigation buttons and LCD menuing system.
When the new QAM signal is combined with other analog channels in the system the level should be
attenuated so that it is 6—10 dB below the adjacent analog signals, (typically 6 dB for 256 & above and
10 dB for 64 QAM). It is always recommended to set the unit output level at the +40 dBmV and externally
attenuate for optimal noise performance. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be
48
Digital QAM Channel Generation
A
B
D
A
B
(ASI PROGRAM SOURCE)
- BY OTHERS
- VIDEO SERVER
- DIGITAL SATELLITE RECEIVER
(QAM MODULATOR)
- AQM # 6271 B
C
- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS AND
- MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)
D
(COMBINER)
49
4
C
Inserting a Local Origination Into a Cable TV Feed
Functionality
This system will allow you to eliminate unwanted analog channels that are being provided by the local
cable TV company, and replace them with channels made within the facility. This signal can now be
handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber / coaxial distribution network
within the facility.
This system is a variation on two other systems that were mentioned earlier: Local Origination, and Cable
TV Feed. This hybrid system replaces an analog channel on the existing cable TV line up with one that
was generated locally. The key to success in this system is correctly making space for the new channel in
the cable TV line-up. Once the channel to be eliminated has been identified, a channel elimination filter
and modulator must be specified.
The channel elimination filter makes room for the new channel by completely removing the old channel.
The new channel is created by the modulator that accepts audio and video input and makes a cable TV
channel. The channel elimination filter and modulator must be the same channel in order for the system to
work. The channel elimination filter must be a very high quality filter so that it does not harm the channels
next to it.
Points to pay attention to are a high quality channel elimination filter to completely remove the existing
channel, and making sure that when the new channel is combined with the existing cable TV feed, it
is done at the correct level so that neither signal damages the other. If you pick one product from each
category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of
the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of
this publication.
50
FunctionalBlock
BlockDiagram
Diagram
Functional
Inserting a Local Origination Into a Cable TV Feed
FROM CATV COMPANY
A
A
B
V
(SINGLE CHANNEL ELIMINATION FILTER)
- CEF-750 (CH 2-38, 98, 99) # 4446
F
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
C
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550 # 59416
- AM-60-860 /OPT. 5 # 59415A/5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)
- AMCM-860 #7766B (MODULAR-AGILE)
D
(COMBINER)
E
(COMBINER - ALL CHANNELS GET COMBINED AT SAME LEVEL)
- SXRS-2 # 1922 (COMBINES BOTH INPUTS WITH SAME LEVELS)
- SRT-** 1940-** (CATV FEED AND LOCAL SOURCE ARE
DIFFERENT LEVELS; TAP VALUE IS DIFFERENCE AND
TAP PORT CONNECTS TO HIGHER LEVEL SOURCE)
G
(DIPLEXER)
- DSV-42 #4376
H
- MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS + POWER SUPPLY)
#__
C
B
H
#__
D
E
F
SUB
G
51
4
A
Inserting a Local Origination Above a Cable TV Feed
Functionality
This system will allow you to augment the channel line up that is being provided by the local cable TV
company, and add channels made within the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional
coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.
This system is a variation on a system that was mentioned earlier; “Inserting a Local Origination In To
A Cable TV Feed”. This hybrid system replaces a channel on the existing cable TV line up with one that
was generated locally. The key to success in this system is correctly making space for the new channel
above the existing cable TV line-up. Once the band of channels to be eliminated has been identified, a
low pass filter and modulator must be specified.
The low pass filter makes room for the new channel by completely removing any signals above the unit’s
specified cross over point. The new channel is created by the modulator, which accepts audio and video
inputs and makes a cable TV channel. The low pass filter cross over point must be a lower frequency than
the modulator for the system to work. The low pass filter must be a very high quality filter so that it does
not harm the channels below the cross over point.
The keys to the success of this system are: a high quality low pass filter to completely remove the desired
band, and making sure that when the new channel is combined with the existing cable TV feed, it is
done at the correct levels so that neither signal damages the others. If you pick one product from each
category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of
the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of
this publication.
52
Inserting a Local Origination Above a Cable TV Feed
FROM CATV COMPANY
(LOW PASS FILTER) ** NOT BY BLONDER TONGUE
- EAGLE COMTRONICS 800-448-7474
http://www.eaglefilters.com
- MICROWAVE FILTER 800-448-1666
http://www.microwavefilter.com
- PCI TECHNOLOGIES 800-565-7488
http://www.pci.com
F
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
C
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-860 /OPT. 5 # 59415A / 5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)
**THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “G”
D
(COMBINER)
E
(COMBINER - ALL CHANNELS GET COMBINED AT SAME LEVEL)
- SXRS-2 # 1922 (COMBINES BOTH INPUTS WITH SAME LEVELS)
- SRT-** 1940-** (CATV FEED AND LOCAL SOURCE ARE DIFFERENT
LEVELS; TAP VALUE IS DIFFERENCE AND TAP PORT CONNECTS TO
HIGHER LEVEL SOURCE)
G
A
A
V
B
B
C
#__
G
D
E
F
53
4
A
Analog Sub-Channel Return
Functionality
The sub-channel return allows signals (VCR, DVD, Studio Cameras, Security Cameras, Character
Generators, Computer Outputs) generated anywhere in the facility to be included in the channel line up
at that facility.
The sub-channel return system is a type of system that takes advantage of the two-way transmission
capability inherent to coaxial cable. When the proper electronics are installed, an audio and video signal
can be generated anywhere within the coaxial network and redistributed to all televisions connected to
the network.
There are three key ingredients in the sub-channel return system that must be in place in order for the system to work. The first is the sub-channel modulator. This device takes an audio and video from any standard source (Camera, DVD Player, VCR Player, and Computer Video Card), and transmits them back to the
headend (the source point of all the signals in the coaxial distribution network). Once the signal leaves
the sub-channel modulator, its next stop is a diplexer.
The diplexer’s job is to create a two way street within the coaxial network so that the signal you have just
created can travel back to the headend. The next stop for the signal is another diplexer at the headend; this
one is there to break the two signal paths apart. It is very important that there are two diplexers in the system
so that the signal can be combined and then taken back apart. At the headend, there needs to be a piece of
electronics to catch the signal that was generated in the field, and turn it around to go back out to the coaxial
distribution network. There are many different units that can perform this task; the main concern is to make
sure that there is an available space for the new channel. If you pick one product from each category on the
next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are
identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.
54
Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Processors
#T-_
A
A
#__
B
B
(COMBINER)
- HPC-24E COMBINER # 5794
C
(DIPLEX FILTER)
- DSV-42 DIPLEXER # 4376
D
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550/OPT. 4 # 59416-4 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
DC-42 MHz
C
COMBINED
D
#T-_
TO LOCAL
TELEVISION
54-1000 MHz
C
DC-42 MHz
COMBINED
TO/FROM ANY OUTLET
55
4
54-1000 MHz
(PROCESSOR)
- AP-60-860 A # 59819 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Demod/Remod
F
F
OR
A
(SUB BAND CONVERTER)
- MSBC #7727
A
B-1
B-1 (DEMODULATOR)
- AD-1B OPT. 17 #5932/59257 (AGILE)
(DEMODULATOR)
- MIDM-806C #770C (MODULAR-AGILE)
B-2
B-2
C-1 (MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550 # 59416
#T-_
- MICM-45C #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)
C-2 - ACM-806 # 7765 (MODULAR - AGILE)
D (COMBINER)
C-1
C-2
#__
F
F
(DIPLEX FILTER)
- MIRC-4D #7711 (CHASSIS + POWER SUPPLY)
- MIRC-12V #7715 (CHASSIS) AND
MIPS-12D #7722D (POWER SUPPLY)
G
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550 OPT. 4 # 59416 4 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
E
D
54-1000 MHz
DC-42 MHz
E
COMBINED
G
#T-_
TO LOCAL
TELEVISION
54-1000 MHz
DC-42 MHz
E
COMBINED
TO/FROM ANY OUTLET
56
57
Digital Sub-Channel Return
Functionality
The digital sub-channel return allows standard or high definition digital signals, from sources such as DVD
players, Studio Cameras, Security Cameras and Computer Outputs located anywhere in the facility to be
included in the channel line-up at that facility.
The sub-channel return system is a type of system that takes advantage of the two-way transmission
capability inherent to coaxial cable. When the proper electronics are installed, source signal can be generated anywhere within the coaxial network and redistributed to all televisions connected to the network.
There are three key ingredients in digital sub-channel return system that must be in place in order for
the system to work. The first is the encoder which takes the HD or SD content source through connections such as component video, HDMI, composite A/V, etc. digitizes and then compresses the data using
the MPEG 2 standard. The encoder’s output is provided in ASI format. The second ingredient is the
sub-channel QAM modulator. This device takes the ASI output from the encoder QAM modulates it to a
sub-band channel (T7-T13) and transmits back to the system’s headend through a sub-channel diplexer.
The diplexer’s job is to create a two- way street within the coaxial network so that the signal you have just
created can travel back to the headend. The next stop for the signal is another diplexer at the headend;
this one is there to break the two signal paths apart. It is very important that there are two diplexers in the
system so that the signal can be combined and then taken back apart. At the headend, a digital processor is required to process or convert the return sub-channel to a forward channel so that TV’s along the
distribution system will be able to receive it. Please note that this system requires digital TV’s capable of
receiving QAM modulated CATV channels. For systems consisting of legacy analog TV’s see analog subchannel return page 54.
If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to
ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in
the specification library at the end of this publication.
58
A
#T-_
A
B
(COMBINER)
C
(DIPLEX FILTER)
D
(QAM MODULATOR)
- AQM # 6271B
- MIRC-4CUBE-CH # 7703
- MIRC-4CUBE-PS # 7702
#__
B
54-1000 MHz
DC-42 MHz
ASI
F
E
D
#T-_
TO LOCAL
TELEVISION
54-1000 MHz
C
DC-42 MHz
COMBINED
TO/FROM ANY OUTLET
59
(HD OR SD ENCODER WITH ASI OUTPUT)
-HDE-CHV-QAM #6384
4
COMBINED
PROGRAM INPUT
VIDEO
AUDIO
E
F
C
(DIGITAL PROCESSOR)
- AQP # 6268
#T-_
A
Security Camera Sub-Channel Return Applications
A
#__
The sub-channel return allows signals from security camera outputs generated anywhere in the facility to
be included in the channel line-up within the facility. The system uses the coaxial cable’s inherent twoB
way transmission capability. When the proper electronics are installed, an audio and video signal can be
generated
within the coaxial network and redistributed to all televisions. For more information
-Channel
Returnanywhere
Using Processors
please refer to Analog and Digital Sub-Channel Return “In Depth Description’s” on
pages
54 and 58.DC-42 MHz
54-1000
MHz
(PRO
- AP-
B
(COM
- HP
- HP
- HP
- HP
C
(DIP
- DS
D
(MO
- AM
Analog Sub-Channel Return Using
Processors
C
A
B
ANALOG
(PROCESSOR)
- AP-60-860 A # 59819 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
#T-_
D
(MODULATOR)
- AM-60-550/OPT. 4 # 59416-4 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
E
(SECURITY CAMERA)
- BY OTHERS
#__
COMBINED
B
SYSTEM
Digital Sub-Channe
(PROCESSOR)
- AP-60-860 A # 59819 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
D
B (COMBINER)
A
#T-_ # 5794
- HPC-24E COMBINER
#T-_
B
(DIPLEX FILTER) A
CTO LOCAL
TELEVISION
#__
(MODULATOR)
D
54-1000 MHz
DC-42 MHz
- AM-60-550/OPT. 4 # 59416-4 (AGILE 60 dBmV)
C
A
A
(DIPLEX FILTER)
54-1000 MHz
DC-42 MHz
C
C
COMBINED
A
B
D
DC-42 MHz
COMBINED
N SYSTEM
BINED
(DIGITAL PROCESSOR)
- AQP # 6268
DIGITAL
D
#T-_
C
(DIPLEX FILTER)
A
D
(QAM MODULATOR)
- AQM # 6271B
F
-HDE-CHV-QAM #6384
G
(SECURITY CAMERA)
- BY OTHERS
TO LOCAL
TELEVISION
54-1000 MHz
B
#T-_
#__
C
DC-42 MHz
G
COMBINED
54-1000 MHz
DC-42 MHz
COMBINED
PROGRAM INPUT
VIDEO
AUDIO
F
ASI
E
60
D
COMBINED
D
TO LOCAL
(QAM MODULATOR)
TELEVISION
- AQM # 6271B
54-1000 MHz
- MIRC-4CUBE-CH
# 7703
E
E
F
(DIPLEX FILTER)
F
C
DC-42 MHz
C
C
(D
-
(
-
(
-
D
PROGRAM (DIGITAL
INPUT PROCESSOR)
A
ASI
VIDEO- AQP # 6268 F
AUDIO
B (COMBINER)
D
TO/FROM ANY OUTLET
E
C-42 MHz
COMBINED
54-1000 MHz
(COMBINER)
E
B
TO/FROM ANY OUTLET
Sub-Channel Return
MHz
COMBINED
(COMBINER)
C
DC-42 MHz
E
E
#T-_
DC-42 MHz
C
-HDE-CHV-QAM #6384
COMBINED
TO/FROM ANY OUTLET
(
-
(
-
el Return
DIGITAL PROCESSOR)
AQP # 6268
(COMBINER)
(DIPLEX FILTER)
Section Five:
IPTV Applications
(QAM MODULATOR)
- AQM # 6271B
-HDE-CHV-QAM #6384
61
EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception Distributed via IP
Functionality
Any facility that wants to distribute a digital EBS/ITFS feed on their IP network will need to convert the
QAM digital signals to IP format. This system will allow you to receive the digital EBS/ITFS (QAM) channel
transmission and distribute along the IP network to PC’s or IP STB’s in the facility.
The method to utilizing a digital EBS/ITFS signal is to employ an IPAT Transcoder with an RFI (RF Input
Option). The IPAT -RFI is an agile device that can be set up to receive a digital EBS/ITFS channel input
signal from an EBS/ITFS downconverter. Its function is to receive the QAM EBS signal, demodulate it in
to an ASI transport stream and then transcode it to IP. The IPAT supports ASI single and multiple program
transport streams and its GbE output permits uni and multicasting through RTP and UTP protocols.
62
EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception Distributed via IP
A
B
C
A
(ITFS ANTENNA)
- By Others
B
(ITFS Down Converter)
- By Others
C
(ITFS Down Converter Power Supply)
- By Others
D
(SPLITTER)
- SXRS-4 #1924
E
(TRANSCODER)
- IPAT WITH RFI OPTION #6514
F
(NETWORK SWITCH)
- By Others
D
5
CLEAR QAM
E
IP
F
IP NETWORK
63
Digital CATV (QAM) Reception - IP Distribution
Functionality
Any facility that wants to utilize a digital cable television feed as a source for their analog televisions
and computers will need to convert the digital signals back to analog for the analog televisions and in
to an IP stream for their computers. This system will allow you to receive a digital (QAM) channel from
the local cable company and distribute it to: analog televisions with IP set top boxes and PCs running
IPClientViewer software. The signals are delivered via a traditional closed Ethernet distribution network,
either LAN or WAN. This application assumes that there are no coaxial or hybrid fiber/coaxial networks in
the facility, and that the only available distribution network is Ethernet.
The method of utilizing a digital CATV signal as a source for an Ethernet network is to employ an AQD
Digital Demodulator and an IPME-2 Internet Protocol (IP) Encoder in series. The AQD Digital Demodulator
is the system component that receives the CATV digital channel and tunes to a particular program (within
the channel), if multiple programs are transmitted. The AQD Digital Demodulator provides analog,
NTSC baseband audio and video outputs to connect to the IPME-2 IP Encoder. The IPME-2 is the system
component that receives the NTSC analog, baseband audio and video signals from the Digital Demodulator
and encodes them to an MPEG-2 transport stream for distribution over a properly setup LAN or WAN. This
stream has ‘real time’ video quality of 30 frames per second, full screen resolution of up to 720x480, and
stereo audio. It is very important to note that the managed switches supporting the LAN or WAN MUST
have the following items enabled: IGMP Snooping Querier, IGMP Snooping, and IP Multicast. These switch
features are vital to the proper operation of Video over IP, and must be present in the managed switches
for a proper user experience. Once the signals are on the IP network, they can be utilized by either: analog
televisions via industry standard IP set top boxes or PCs running IPClientViewer software. Selecting one
product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components
for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the
specification library at the end of this publication.
64
Digital CATV (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing (via IP)
FEED FROM
CATV
A
B
A
(SPLITTERS)
- SXRS-4 # 1924
B
(ATSC/QAM DEMODULATOR)
- AQD # 6245
** OPTIONAL
- AQD-RCS # 2730 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)
**ALTERNATE PRODUCTS
- MDDM-860
C
C
**ALTERNATE PRODUCTS
- MIRC-12
- MIPS-12
D
(IP ENCODER)
- IPME-2 # 2420 (INTERNET PROTOCOL MPEG-2 ENCODER)
** OPTIONAL
- IPME-SM # 2415 (IP ENCODER STREAM MANAGER)
E
- IPME-CH # 2419 (IP ENCODER CHASSIS)
F
(ETHERNET SWITCH)
** ALL SWITCHES MUST SUPPORT & BE ENABLED FOR:
- IGMP SNOOPING
- IGMP SNOOPING QUERIER
- IP MULTICASTING
G
(COMPUTER WITH CLIENT VIEWER)
- IPCV # 2411 (IP CLIENT VIEWER)
H
(SET TOP BOX)
- IP STB (BY OTHERS)
E
F
LAN OR WAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
H
G
.
65
.
5
D
CATV Digital Cherry-Picking with IP Distribution
Functionality
This system will allow cherry-picking of up to 20 program streams from both clear and encrypted CATV
digital channels for distribution over a CAT 5e network. Program viewing is done through either a desktop
PC with a VLC Player software application or via a TV with an IP set-top box.
The CATV input is fed into a multi-port splitter to provide enough inputs to the digital demodulators and
set-top boxes based upon the desired program streams. Programs that are carried on clear, un-encrypted
QAM channels are presented to the digital demodulators. The frequency agile digital demodulators are
tuned to a desired clear QAM channel and provide an ASI transport stream output. This output contains
all the programs within the QAM channel, and typically will be anywhere from 2-10 programs depending
on whether they’re HD, SD or a mix of the two. You require a digital demodulator for each clear QAM
channel that contains the desired program stream or streams to distribute. Encrypted QAM HD channels
require authorized set-top boxes (STB) from the CATV provider to receive the programs. A STB is required
for each encrypted program that will be distributed. The STB output is then applied to an HD encoder.
Many HD encoders are available with HDMI inputs, however the majority do not support HDCP encryption
typically used on HDMI connections such as those found on STB’s and DVD players. Therefore, the
component video/audio connections are typically used between the STB and encoder. The HD encoder
may have two or more inputs depending on the model. It digitizes and compresses the resultant bits
using the MPEG 2 technology standard and provides a multiplexed ASI output.
The ASI outputs from the digital demodulators and HD encoders are then applied to the Multiplexer. The
multiplexer is user configurable to select up to 20 desired program streams from available inputs and
provide a multiplexed output in IP format. For network flexibility, the multiplexer has the ability to assign
its output to 1, 2 or 4 IP addresses.
66
IP Distribution
A
(MULTIPLEXER)
- MUX-12A-IP #6517
B
(DIGITAL DEMODULATOR)
- MDDA-860 #6277
C
(MODULAR CHASSIS/PS)
- MIRC-12 #7715
- MIPS-12D #7722
D
(HD ENCODER)
- HDE-2H/2S-QAM #6379
E
(STB)
- By Others
F
(SPLITTER 1X24)
-DFCS-24
CATV
ENCRYPTED QAM - HD/SD
CLEAR QAM- SD/HD
5
F
E
C
E
E
E
E
E
E
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
D
E
E
E
COMPONENT
COMPONENT
B
E
D
D
A
IP OUTPUT TO NETWORK
MAX 20 PROGRAMS/214 Mbps
(1,2 or 4 IP ADDRESSES)
67
E
E
E
COMPONENT
ASI
ASI
E
D
E
Local Origination Encoding for IP Distribution
Functionality
Any facility that wants to distribute HD locally generated content over their Ethernet network for viewing
on TV’s and computers must use an A/V encoder equipped with an IP output.
This system will allow you to encode two (2) high definition locally generated programs and distribute
them to TV’s with IP set top boxes and PCs running VLC player software. The program content is delivered
via a traditional closed Ethernet distribution network. This application assumes that the only available
distribution network is Ethernet, and no coaxial or hybrid fiber/coaxial networks existing within the facility.
This solution delivers locally generated content over an Ethernet network by employing a HD264-2SIP Encoder. The HD264-2S-IP accepts two (2) high definition program sources in HD-SDI, HDMI
(unencrypted) or component video formats, provides H.264 or MPEG-2 encoding and then IP encapsulates
the resulting program streams in 10/100Base-T Ethernet for delivery over a properly setup LAN or WAN.
H.264 encoding is recommended in this application due to its higher compression rate, requiring about
half the bit rate compared to MPEG-2. The HD264-2S-IP features comprehensive remote monitoring and
control through the use any standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection.
It is very important to note that the managed switches supporting the LAN or WAN MUST have the
following items enabled: IGMP Snooping Querier, IGMP Snooping, and IP Multicast. These switch features
are vital to the proper operation of Video over IP, and must be present in the managed switches for a
proper user experience. Once the content is on the IP network, it can be received by TV’s via industry
standard IP set top boxes or PC’s running VLC player software. Selecting one product from each category
on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once
all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end
of this publication.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Most HD content is copyrighted and typically DRM (Digital Rights Management)
protected. Operators must get approval from their provider(s) to legally distribute content in this manner.
68
Local Origination Encoding for IP Distribution
(2) CONTENT SOURCES
HD-SDI/HDMI (UNENCRYPTED)
COMPONENT OR COMPOSITE A/V
A
(2x) IP
A
(IP ENCODER)
- HD264-2S-IP #6396
B
(ETHERNET SWITCH)
** ALL SWITCHES MUST SUPPORT & BE ENABLED FOR:
- IGMP SNOOPING
- IGMP SNOOPING QUERIER
- IP MULTICASTING
C
(COMPUTER WITH VLC PLAYER)
D
(SET TOP BOX)
(BY OTHERS)
B
5
LAN OR WAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
D
C
.
69
.
CATV/Broadcaster Backhaul System for Remote Originating Content
Functionality
CATV providers as well as broadcasters typically have remote locations where programming may originate
from. For a CATV operator it could be community channels or a live high school sporting event from the
various towns being served. Broadcasters may have remote studios separated from their main studio and
transmitter location that also supplies programming content. This system provides a solution to get remote
originated content back to the main headend or studio location in real time. The main advantage over
other remote local origination applications is that it significantly reduces the return bandwidth requirement
by using IP video with a cable modem rather than a digital QAM sub channel occupying a full 6 MHz.
This application assumes the remote and main headend/studio locations are serviced by the same CATV
system.
The HDE-CHV-QAM is a versatile MPEG-2 encoder that accepts multiple A/V content input formats and
provides encoded outputs in IP which is used in this particular application as well as QAM and ASI. Video
input formats are component video, composite video, HDMI (unencrypted) and VGA. Audio inputs are left
/right and digital (coaxial). The HDE-CHV-QAM first digitizes then MPEG-2 encodes the input program
into a high-definition Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS), and finally IP-encapsulated and delivered in
10/100Base-T Ethernet output format. The SPTS is also available in ASI and QAM format. The encoder’s
IP output is then presented to a cable modem for data transmission back to the CATV headend on
the modem’s transmitted sub channel data carrier. At the headend the return signal is processed and
transcoded back to IP. From here the content can either be:
1) converted back to baseband A/V through an IP STB and applied to an analog modulator
for distribution. (CATV)
2) converted from IP to QAM via an IPAT w/ RFO option for digital QAM distribution.
(CATV)
3) turned around in the headend to transport content downstream to a receive site where it
would then be received on an IP STB connected to a cable modem. Using a unicast mode
of transmission, this would create a point-2-point connection between the “satellite” and
“main” studio locations. (Broadcaster)
up in the specification library at the end of this publication
70
CATV/Broadcaster Backhaul System for
Remote Origination Content
INTERNET
REMOTE ORIGINATION
LOCATION
CATV HEADEND
REMOTE RECEIVE SITE
IP
CONTENT INPUT
(COMPONENT, HDMI,
COMPOSITE, VGA)
B
AV OUTPUTS
CMTS
STB
A
D
IP
FORWARD PATH
(DOWNSTREAM)
REVERSE PATH
(UPSTREAM)
C
E
5
C
CATV HFC NETWORK
A
IP
(ENCODER)
- HDE-CHV-QAM #6384
B
(TRANSCODER)
- IPAT w/RFO #6512
C
(CABLE MODEM)
(BY OTHERS)
D
(COMBINER)
E
(DIPLEXER)
- DSV-42 #4376
.
71
.
72
Section Six:
RF/Fiber Distribution
73
Coaxial Distribution
Functionality
This type of distribution system is the link between the central signal source (Headend) and the televisions
that are scattered throughout the facility. This network relies entirely on traditional coaxial cable to
distribute the desired signals.
Trunk and Branch: This type of distribution network is the most common architecture deployed today.
The basic premise is that there is a system of “Trunks”, or large distribution lines carrying high signal levels
away from the headend, running through out the facility. As this large cable runs through the facility, at many
locations, there needs to be “Branches”, or smaller lines carrying signals to individual TVs. These smaller lines
are often called “drops” and are created by “tapping” into the “Trunk” line with a mechanical device known as a
tap, or directional coupler. Amplification may be needed in order to provide signal though out the entire facility.
Considerations should be made in order to have power available outside of the “Headend” in either remote closets,
or by injecting power in to the coaxial network itself.
Home Run: This type of distribution network is usually only deployed in smaller facilities. The basic idea is that all
of the TVs have their signal directly run to them from one central point, or “Home Run”. This direct, point to point
wiring can not be used in large facilities because of the signal loss inherent to copper based cables. At the headend,
there must be enough RF output ports available for each “Home Run”, as well as AC power to power any amplifiers
that might be required.
Star: This type of distribution network is most often deployed by the data and telephone industries, but can also
be applied to some facilities for coaxial distribution. The “Star” architecture is a hybrid of the “Trunk and Branch”
and “Home Run”. Starting at the headend, large “Trunk” lines are run out in to the facility to several different
points. From these distribution points smaller cables, “Drops”, are then “Home Run” out to the individual TVs.
Considerations should be made in order to have power available outside of the “Headend” in either remote closets,
or by injecting power in to the coaxial network itself.
Cable Types: Special consideration must be given to the cable types employed in any architecture to ensure that
the proper cable for the application is selected. All of the cables used in the distribution networks described above
MUST be CATV rated as defined by National Electric Code, Article 820. There are two factors that must be looked
at to determine the correct cable; the location within the facility, and the location within the network.
When referring to the location within the facility, we are looking at the physical location in the facility where the cable
is going to be installed. The National Electric Code in Article 820 dictates the correct ratings for coaxial cables based
upon the location that the cables are going to be installed. The ratings are:
CATVP
CATVR
CATV
CATVX
CATVU
Plenum
Riser
General Commercial
External - No more than 50’ in to the building
Underground
The chart above is for reference purposes only, the specifier/designer must become familiar with the National
Electric Code, and design to their guidelines. When referring to the location within the network, we are
talking about the use of the cable. Is the cable a “Trunk”? Is the cable a “Drop”? Is the cable a “Home Run”?
The most common “Trunk” cables are RG-11 and .500 hard line, these larger cables are designed to carry
signals over long distances. All “Drop” cables should be RG-6 or larger depending on the length of the “Drop”.
Any coaxial run over 250’ should be RG-11 in order to facilitate the design of the network. The only use for RG-59
cable is to connect a VCR to a TV, or connect the TV to the wall plate in a room.
74
Trunk and Branch Coaxial Distribution
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
B
(TWO WAY SPLITTER)
- SXRS-2 # 1922
C
(THREE WAY SPLITTER)
- SXRS-3 # 1923
D
(FOUR WAY SPLITTER)
- SXRS-4 # 1924
E
(EIGHT WAY SPLITTER)
- SXRS-8 # 1928
F
(SINGLE PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER)
- SRT-** # 1940-** (SINGLE PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
G
(TWO PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER)
- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
G
H
(FOUR PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER)
- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
H
I
(EIGHT PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER)
- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
I
J
(TERMINATOR)
- BTF-TP # 4670
K
(WALL PLATE)
- V-1GF-FT # 3187
- TF-GF-FT # 4691
A
TRUNK CABLE
RG-11 or RG6
B
C
D
E
TRUNK CABLE
RG-11 or RG6
F
J
DROP CABLE
RG-6 200' MAX.
WALL PLATE
K
RG-59 50' MAX
N
IO
IS
V
LE
TE
** PASSIVE COMPONENTS (SPLITTERS AND TAPS) ARE LOCATED THROUGHOUT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ALL OUTLETS.
75
6
A
FROM CATV INPUT OR OUTPUT
OF HEADEND
Home Run Coaxial Distribution
FROM CATV INPUT
OR OUTPUT
OF HEADEND
A
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
B
(TWO WAY SPLITTER)
- SXRS-2 # 1922
C
DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS - USED INTERCHANGEABLY TO
SUPPLY SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ONE OR MULTIPLE OUTLETS
A
B
C1
C2
C3
C1
- SRT-** # 1940-** (SINGLE PORT ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C2
- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORT ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C3
- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORT ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C4
- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORT ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C4
D
D
(TERMINATOR)
- BTF-TP # 4670
E
(WALL PLATE)
- V-1GF-FT # 3187
- TF-GF-FT # 4691
DROP CABLE
RG-6 200' MAX.
WALL PLATE
E
RG-59 50' MAX
** ALL COMPONENTS LOCATED IN HEADEND. SPLITTERS AND TAPS USED AS NEEDED
TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ALL OUTLETS.
76
TE
N
IO
IS
V
LE
Star Coaxial Distribution
FROM CATV INPUT
OR OUTPUT
OF HEADEND
A
A
B
B
C
C1
C2
IDF
(THREE WAY SPLITTER)
- SXRS-3 # 1923
DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS - USED INTERCHANGEABLY TO
SUPPLY SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ONE OR MULTIPLE OUTLETS
C1
- SRT-** # 1940-** (SINGLE PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C2
- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C3
- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
C4
- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)
D
(TERMINATOR)
- BTF-TP # 4670
E
(WALL PLATE)
- V-IGF-FT # 3187
- TF-GF-FT # 4691
WALL PLATE
E
C3
RG-59 50' MAX
N
IO
IS
V
LE
TE
IDF
C4
DROP CABLE
RG-6 200' MAX.
D
** SPLITTERS LOCATED IN HEADEND AND INTERMEDIATE CLOSETS (IDF). TAPS LOCATED IN
INTERMEDIATE CLOSETS AS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ALL OUTLETS.
77
6
IDF
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53
- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73
- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83
- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84
- RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83
- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53
- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73
- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83
- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54
- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74
- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84
- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13
IDF Star Distribution
128 DROPS (MAX)
860 MHZ (TWO-WAY)
A
A
(AMPLIFIER)
- RMDA-86A-30 # 5200 83
B
(FOUR WAY SPLITTER)
SXRS-4 # 1924
C
(DISTRIBUTION FRAME SPLITTER)
- DFCS-24 # 5798
- DFCS-32 # 5799
D
(WALL PLATE)
- V-IGF-FT # 3187
- TF-GF-FT # 4691
B
C
DROP CABLE
RG-6
0’ TO 135’
DROP CABLE
RG-11
135’ TO 300’
D
D
78
79
Hybrid Fiber and Coax Distribution
Functionality
This type of distribution system is the link between the source (Headend) and the televisions that are
scattered throughout the facility. This network relies on a combination of single mode fiber optic cable
and traditional coaxial cable to distribute the desired signals.
This network provides a degree of future proofing, due to the virtually unlimited capacity of the single mode
fiber optic cable. The architecture starts out exactly the same as the “Star” architecture described under
coaxial distribution with a minor change. The signal that is going to be distributed through out the facility
is given to a fiber optic transmitter for conversion to light.
The transmitter must be correctly sized in order to overcome the loss of the splitter network and the fiber
network, and still provide enough signal to the fiber optic receivers. The optical output is then given to
an optical splitter network to provide enough outputs for the network. These outputs are connected to
single mode fiber optic cables, instead of coaxial trunk lines, and are run out in to the facility to several
different points. This system should be employed when the distance from the “Headend” to the distribution points is very large.
One of the strengths of fiber optics is that it is not as susceptible to loss over distance as coaxial cable.
At these points the signal is converted from fiber optics to coaxial cable, now the distribution can continue in any of the coaxial architectures listed above: “Trunk and Branch”, “Home Run”, or “Star”.
Considerations should be made in order to have power available at the point where the fiber optic cable
terminates because the fiber optic receivers are AC powered. If you pick one product from each category on
the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are
80
Hybrid Fiber and Coax Distribution
FROM OUTPUT
OF HEADEND
(FIBER OPTIC TRANSMITTER)
- FIBT-S3A-816B # 7403B-6
- FIBT-S3A-818B # 7403B-8
- FIBT-S3A-810B # 7404B-10
- FIBT-S3A-812B # 7404B-12
- FIBT-S3A-814B # 7404B-14
(MODULAR)
**THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “D”
- MIBT-S3A-816 # 7410A-6
- MIBT-S3A-818 # 7410A-8
- MIBT-S3A-810 # 7410A-10
- MIBT-S3A-812 # 7410A-12
- MIBT-S3A-814 # 7410A-14
B
(FIBER OPTIC COUPLER)
- FOC-102U-XX # 7450-X (1 X 2 RACK MOUNTED)
- FOC-23-16-U # 7486U(1X6 RACK MOUNTED)
C
(FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER)
- FRDA-S4A-860 # 7400-P84-B (135 CHANNELS, SURFACE MOUNTED)
- FRRA-S4A-860-43P # 7411-P84-B (135 CHANNELS, RACK MOUNTED)
- FOCN-S4S-201 #7420-1 (135 CHANNELS, SURFACE MOUNT)
D
(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS AND POWER SUPPLY)
A
D
SINGLE MODE
FIBER 1310 NM
B
SINGLE MODE
FIBER 1310 NM
C
TO COAX DISTRIBUTION
81
6
A
82
Section Seven:
Miscellaneous
83
High Speed Broadband Internet
Functionality
There are many different methods to provide broadband Internet access. The MegaPort system allows
an operator to deliver high speed Internet access over a new or existing two-way coaxial cable network.
Ideal applications include multiple-dwelling communities, educational institutions and hospitality (hotel/
motel) environments.
The MegaPort system consists of two major components. The MegaPort Gateway (MPG) is a broadband
Ethernet Router or Bridge that essentially converts an Ethernet based Internet connection to RF for
transmission over the two-way broadband coaxial cable network. A single Gateway can provide service to
64 outlets. System capacity can be easily expanded by adding additional Gateway units or purchasing a
software license to upgrade the subscriber capability up to 250 outlets.
A MegaPort Outlet (MPO) acts as a cable modem and is used to convert the RF data signal back to Ethernet
to deliver data at the computer location. The MPO takes a unique approach with its infrastructure based
design that facilitates permanent installation. Each MPO is MAC addressed that allows for easy remote
software activation and deactivation. In addition, installing multiple MPOs allows the ability to offer “home
networking” for functions like file transfer and printer sharing. All this is accomplished without interference
to existing TV channels or other interactive services.
The MegaPort system is compatible with practically any two-way coaxial cable network. There are several
MPO types that are available for various applications, of which the most common standard units are listed
on the next page. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the
components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be
84
High Speed Broadband Internet
>
>
F
Out
---
---
A
E
Tap
D
Ethernet
A
(MegaPort Gateway)
- MPG-1100 # 2681
B
(MegaPort Outlet)
- MPO-ESM-70 # 2677 (Ethernet Surface Mount, 64-76 MHz DS)
- MPO-ESM-52 # 2673 (Ethernet Surface Mount, 48-56 MHz DS)
C
(WALL PLATE)
- V-1GF-FT # 3187
- TF-GF-FT # 4691
D
(Directional Coupler)
- SRT-# # 1940-# (1 Tap Port - 9 dB Min.)
- SRT-2A-# # 1942-# (2 Tap Ports - 8 dB Min.)
In
To/From
Distribution System
WAN
Port
-->
RF Port
FROM CATV INPUT
OR OUTPUT
OF HEADEND
Local
Access
Port
E
(Single Channel Elimination Filter)
CEF-750 (Ch A-8, SPI) # 4446
F
(50 MHz High-Pass Filter)
MP-EZHP # 2691
7
B
WALL PLATE
C
RG-59 50' MAX
R
TE
PU
OM
C
85
T
ON
SI
VI
E
EL
Remote Power Reset
Functionality
This system will allow you to remotely power-up or shutdown equipment. In the event of an equipment
malfunction that requires a “cold boot” to reset it, this system can cycle the AC power on and off via a
telephone modem or Ethernet connection.
The remote power reset (RPR) unit has eight AC outlets on its rear panel that are independently addressed
to control one or more components. In addition to manual resets the RPR can be set for a scheduled reset
through the use of it's internal real time clock. Standard AC outlet strips can be plugged in to provide multiple
receptacles off a single RPR. The RPR has a total maximum current draw of 12 amps. The RPR uses a standard
internal Internet Explorer® web browser interface to access the unit. Many advanced functions are available
for example, current sensing, alarms and SNMP communication. If you pick one product from each category
on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are
86
Remote Power Reset
A
B
Ethernet
C
B
(Any Device)
- Any device that you want to power cycle remotely via
an Ethernet connection
C
(Remote Power Reset)
- RPR-8 #3921
87
7
A
Equipment Specifications Library
Model
Page #
ACM-806A.................................89
AD-1B.........................................89
AD-1B OPT 17............................89
AM-60-550.................................90
AM-60-550 OPT 4.....................90
AM-60-860 OPT 5.....................90
AMCM-860D..............................91
AP-60-860A................................91
AQD............................................92
AQD-PCM/QTRC........................92
AQD-RCS....................................92
AQM...........................................93
AQP............................................93
AQT............................................94
AQT-PCM/QTRC........................94
AQT-RCS.....................................94
BIDA-55A-30P............................95
BIDA-75A-30P............................95
BIDA-86A-30P............................96
BIDA-55A-43P............................96
BIDA-75A-43P............................97
BIDA-86A-43P............................97
BIDA-100A-30............................98
BTY-10-U....................................98
BTY-UHF-BB...............................98
CMA-Uc......................................99
DFCS-24.....................................99
DFCS-32.................................. 100
DHDP-V . ................................ 100
DSV-42.....................................101
DQMX..................................... 102
EQAM-420A............................ 103
FIBT-S3A-XXXX....................... 104
Model
Page #
FOC-23-16-U.......................... 104
FOC-102U-XX......................... 104
FOC-104U-XX......................... 104
FOC-108U-XX......................... 105
FOC-116U-XX.......................... 105
FOCN-S4S-201....................... 105
FRDA-S4A-860........................ 106
FRRA-S4A-860-43P................. 106
HD264-2S-IP........................... 107
HDE-2H/2S-QAM.................... 108
HDE-4S-QAM.......................... 109
HDE-CHV-QAM........................110
HPC-8....................................... 111
HPC-12..................................... 111
HPC-24..................................... 111
HPC-32..................................... 111
IPAT...........................................112
IPME-CH...................................112
IPME-2......................................113
MDDA-860...............................113
MDDM-860..............................114
MIBT-S3A-XXX.........................114
MICM-45D...............................115
MICM-45DS.............................115
MIDM-806C.............................115
MIRC-4D .................................116
MIRC-12V/MIPS-12D...............116
MPG-1100................................116
MPO-ESM-XX...........................116
MSBC.......................................117
MUX-12A-IP.............................117
MUX-2D-QAM.........................118
PS-1526....................................119
88
Model
Page #
PS-1536....................................119
QTM.........................................120
RMDA-550-30P........................121
RMDA-750-30P........................121
RMDA-860-30P........................122
RMDA-860-43P........................122
RMDA-86A-30 ........................123
RPR-8........................................123
SCMA-Ub.................................123
SMR-1600................................124
SRT...........................................124
SRT-2A......................................124
SRT-4A......................................124
SRT-8A......................................125
SXRS-2......................................125
SXRS-3......................................125
SXRS-4......................................125
SXRS-8......................................126
TF-GF-FT..................................126
TVCB-PC...................................126
V-1GF-FT..................................126
ACM-806A
(See page: 56 )
The modulator shall be a frequency agile heterodyne audio/video modulator. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for
superior RFI protection and heat dissipation.
The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and a0.4 volt peak to peak audio
source to a CATV channel from 2 to 125 by changing the front panel channel selector. The modulator shall have front panel
controls for video, audio modulation levels and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC compatible via field-defeatable
audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue ACM-806A and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Frequency Range: 54 to 806 MHz
Output Level: 45 dBmV Minimum
Output Level Control: 10 dB
Spurious Outputs: -60 dBc
C/N In Channel: 60 dB
Output Return Loss: 10 dB Minimum
g) Broadband Noise: -75 dBc
AD-1B
(See page: 38 )
The demodulator shall be a frequency agile, audio/video demodulator equipped with a Nyquist filter to ensure stable and
accurate demodulation. The demodulator shall demodulate NTSC, HRC or IRC cable TV channels to a 1 volt peak to peak video,
and a 500 mV RMS audio. The input channel shall be field settable via front panel DIP switches. The demodulator shall have
front panel controls for video response and input channel selection. There shall be a AGC circuit on the RF input to compensate
for input level variations. The demodulator shall be BTSC compatible via 4.5 MHz audio sub-carrier and broadband multiplex
audio output. The demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AD-1 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
d) 4.5 MHz Sub-carrier Output Level: 35 dBmV
e) Tuning Increment: 250 kHz
f) Impedance: 75 Ω
a) Frequency Range: 54 to 88, 108 to 806 MHz
b) Input Level: 20 dBmV Maximum
c) Video Output Level : 1 V p-p
AD-1B OPT 17
(See page: 56 )
The demodulator shall be a frequency agile, audio/video demodulator equipped with a Nyquist filter to ensure stable and
accurate demodulation. The demodulator shall demodulate NTSC, HRC or IRC cable TV channels to a 1 volt peak to peak video,
and a 500 mV RMS audio. The input channel shall be field settable via front panel DIP switches. The demodulator shall have
front panel controls for video response and input channel selection. There shall be a AGC circuit on the RF input to compensate
for input level variations. The demodulator shall be BTSC compatible via 4.5 MHz audio sub-carrier and broadband multiplex
audio output. The demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AD-1 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
d) 4.5 MHz Sub-carrier Output Level: 35 dBmV
e) Tuning Increment: 250 kHz
f) Impedance: 75 Ω
a) Frequency Range:
7 to 49, 54 to 88, 108 to 806 MHz
b) Input Level: 20 dBmV Maximum
c) Video Output Level : 1 V p-p
89
AM-60-550
(See pages: 9, 38, 47, 51, 56 )
The modulator shall be a frequency agile, solid state heterodyne audio/video modulator equipped with Emergency Alert
System alternate IF input. The modulator shall modulate a 0.7-2.5 volt peak to peak, sync negative video source and a 140
mV RMS audio source to output CATV channels 2 to 78. The modulator shall have a composite IF loop-thru, and front panel
controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC compatible via
field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AM-60-550 and shall meet or exceed
the following specifications:
e) C/N In Channel: 63 dB
a) Frequency Range: 54 to 550 MHz
f) Output Return Loss: 12 dB Minimum
b) Output Level: 60 dBmV Minimum
c) Output Level Control: 10 dB
d) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBc
AM-60-550 OPT 4
(See pages: 55, 56 )
System alternate IF input. The modulator shall modulate a 0.7-2.5 volt peak to peak, sync negative video source and a 140
mV RMS audio source to output CATV channels T7 to T14, or 2 to 78. The modulator shall have a composite IF loop-thru,
and front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC
compatible via field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AM-60-550 OPT 4 and
shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Frequency Range: 7 to 49 MHz or 54 to 550 MHz
Broadband Noise: -77 dBc
AM-60-860 OPT 5
(See page: 9)
System alternate IF input, and BTSC stereo encoder. The modulator shall modulate a 1 volt peak to peak, sync negative video
source and a 140 mV RMS audio source to output CATV channels 2 to 135 by changing front panel push button switches.
The modulator shall have a composite IF loop-thru, and front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual
ratio and output level. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AM-60-860 and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
90
AMCM-860D
(See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53, 56 )
The modulator shall be a frequency agile heterodyne audio/video modulator available in stereo or mono audio input models.
The modulator will be equipped with CalmTones, a feature utilizing audio AGC circuitry to eliminate loudness variations
between program sources. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for superior RFI protection and heat dissipation.
The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and a 0.5 - 4.0 unit peak to
peak audio source (constant AGC range) to a CATV channel from 2 to 135 by changing the front panel channel selector.
The modulator shall have front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The
modulator shall be BTSC compatible via field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue
AMCM-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
AP-60-860A
(See page: 55 )
The Agile Processor shall be in a 1RU chassis. The processor shall be compatible with both off-air 8VSB and CATV QAM
channel inputs including sub channels T7-T13. The processor shall be capable of operating in any of the following 3 modes:
Digital to Analog Mode – receives one 8VSB or QAM (64/256) input and outputs one NTSC analog RF output channel in
the 54-860 MHz range.
Digital to Digital Mode – receives one QAM (64/256) input and outputs one QAM RF output channel in the 54-860 MHz
range.
Analog to Analog Mode – receivers one NTSC analog channel and outputs one NTSC analog channel between 54 and 860
MHz.
The agile processor shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AP-60-860A and shall meet the following specifications:
INPUT
a) Analog Mode:
i) Standard: NTSC
ii) Tuning: CATV 2-135, Broadcast 2-69, Sub T7-T13
iii) Bandwidth: 6 MHz
iv) -20 to +30 dBmV
b) QAM Mode
i) Standard: ITU-T J.83 - Annex B
ii) Tuning Range: CATV Ch. 2-135
iii) Data Rate: 38.8 Mpbs
iv) Bandwidth: 6 MHz
v) Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV
c) QAM/8SVB Mode:
i) Standard: 8SVB ATSC Digital television
QAM ITU-T J.83 - Annex B
ii) Tuning Range: 8SVB VHF (NTSC Ch. 2-13)
UHF (NTSC Ch. 14-69)
QAM CATV Ch. 2 -135
iii) Data Rate: 8SVB 19.392 Mbps
QAM 38.8 Mbps
iv) Bandwidth: 6 MHz
v) Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV
d) Power: 110 VAC/60 Hz
e) Power Dissipation: 36 W
91
OUTPUT
f) Analog-to-Analog/Digital-to-Digital Modes
i) RF Output: Analog RF or QAM
ii) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz
iii) Power Level: Mode 1: +60 dBmV
Mode 2: +55 dBmV
iv) Power Level Range: Mode 1: +50 to +62 dBmV
Mode 2: +45 to +57 dBmV
v) Broadband Noise: Mode 1: -77 dBc
Mode 2: -75 dBc
vi) Spurious: -63 dBc
g) Digital to Analog Mode
i) RF Output: Analog RF
iii) Channels: UHF, VHF, CATV
iv) Power Level: +60 dBmV
v) Power Level Range: +50 to +62
vi) Broadband Noise: -77 dBc
vii) Spurious: -63 dBc
h) 4.5 MHz Audio
i) Carrier Tolerance: ± 150 Hz 32 to 122 ºF
AQD
(See pages: 19, 27, 31, 65 )
The HDTV (ATSC/QAM) demodulator shall have a 3RU modular design to permit up to eight units to be inserted in a chassis
with a common power and control unit. The demodulator shall output a NTSC composite video via an F connector and audio
via left/right RCA connectors. The HDTV demodulator shall be capable of decoding all 18 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems
Committee) standard formats including 8VSB, annex B QAM 64 and QAM 256. The HDTV demodulator will have its video
displayed in 480i (NTSC) in 4:3 or 16:9 formats with closed captioning decoding supported as well. The HDTV demodulator
shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQD and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)Input Tuning Range:
i) 8VSB
(1) VHF 2-13: 54-216
(2) UHF 14-69: 470-806
(3) CATV: 2-135
ii) QAM
(1) CATV: 2-135
b)Operating Input Range:
-20 dbmV to +20 dBmV
c) Data Rate:
i) 8VSB Mode: 19.392 Mbps
ii) QAM 64 Annex B:
26.9 Mbps, Auto Detection
iii) QAM 256 Annex B:
38.8 Mbps, Auto Detection
d)
e)
f)
AQD-PCM/QTRC
Video Output: NTSC Composite Video
i) Output Level: 1 V p-p
ii) Aspect Ratio: 4:3, 16:9 (Pan and Scan)
iii) Closed Captioning: EIA-608
iv) Format: 480i
Audio Output: Analog
i) Output Level: 1 Vrms
ii) Audio Control: Adjustable in 2 dB steps
Size (W x H x D): 1.5 x 5.25 x 10.63 in.
(See pages: 19, 27, 65 )
The rack chassis and power supply / control module shall provide eight modular slots for mounting and powering AQD (ATSC/
QAM) demodulators. The rack chassis shall be UL Listed and occupy 3RU’s in a 19 inch rack. The power and control unit shall
have a 2 line by 16 character liquid crystal display (LCD) to allow interaction with easy to follow user menu functions for simple
programming. The rack chassis and its power and control module shall be equal to Blonder Tongue QTRC and AQD-PCM. They
a)Power Requirements Input: 115 VAC 50/60 Hz
b) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C
c) Chassis Size (W x H x D): 19 X 5.25 x 12.0 in.
AQD-RCS
(See pages: 19, 31, 65 )
The AQD-RCS (Remote Configuration Server) shall be an optional unit and have a modular design to interface with the
PCM (Power & Control Module) and occupying one slot of the Rack Chassis. The RCS will feature a graphical web browser
based interface to permit remote computer control of the entire AQD headend. The unit shall have a programmable static IP
address and function with standard browsers such as Microsoft® Internet Explorer® 6.0 or later and not require any software
to be loaded onto an operators computer. The RCS shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue AQD-RCS or exceed the following
specifications:
a) IP Addressing: Fixed Static IP
h) Operating Temperature: 0º to +50º C
i) Storage Temperature: -20º to +70º C
b) User Name & Password: Software Settable
j) Humidity: 0 to 95% RH
c) Administrator & View Modes
k) RJ-45 Ethernet Connector
d) Module Dimensions (W x H x D):
l) RJ-11 RS-232 Serial Data Connector
11.31 x 5.25 x 1.5 in.
m) 12-pin Power Connector
e) Chassis Dimensions: 19 x 5.25 x 12 in.
n) Ethernet Link LED
f) Mounting: Standard 3 EIA Unit Height
o) Ethernet Receive LED
5.25 x 19 in.
p) Ethernet Transmit LED
g) Power Requirement: 5 VDC, 200 mA
92
AQM
(See pages: 11, 49, 59 )
The QAM modulator shall have a 2RU modular design to permit up to six units to be inserted in a chassis with a common
power supply. The modulator shall provide modulation modes of 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 QAM. It shall have an
integrated frequency agile upconverter capable of CATV output channels T7 to 135. The QAM modulator shall be equal to
Blonder Tongue AQM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Input: ASI (per EN 50083-9)
b) Symbol Rate: Variable, up to 10 Mbaud
c) MER: 40 dB
d) RF Output: CATV T7 to 135 (5.75-864 MHz)
e) Output Level:
+40 dBmV (average measurement)
f) Output Level Control: 10 dB
g) Amplitude Flatness: ± 0.25 dB (over 6 MHz)
h) Phase Noise: @ 10 kHz Offset: -98 dBc
i) Spurious Output (54-1000 MHz): - 60 dBc
j) Broadband Noise:
-75 dBc (@ 40 dBmV out, 4 MHz BW)
k)Controls: LCD display with 5 interactive
navigation/enter push buttons
l) Connectors:
ASI input (BNC 75 Ω), RF output (F)
m) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C
n) Size (W x H x D): 2.3 x 3.5 x 7.5 in.
AQP
The ATSC/QAM Processor shall be in a 1RU chassis. The processor shall be compatible with both off-air 8VSB and CATV QAM
channel inputs including sub channels T7-T13. The processor has a QAM frequency agile output from 54-864 MHz (Channels
2-135). The ATSC/AQM processor shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQP and shall meet the following specifications:
a) Standards
i) 8VSB/16VSB: ATSC Digital Television A/53E
ii) QAM: ITU-T J.83 - Annex A & B (16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 QAM)
b) 8VSB/16VSB Modes
i) Tuning Range: VHF (NTSC Ch. 2-13), UHF (NTSC Ch. 14-69)
ii) Data Rate: 19.392 Mbps
iv) 8VSB Power Level: -28 to 20 dBmV
c) QAM Mode
i) Tuning Range: CATV (NTSC Ch. T7-T13; 2-135)
ii) Data Rate: 38.8 Mbps (QAM 256); 26.97 Mbps (QAM 64) – Auto Detect
iv) Power Level: -20 to +20 dBmV
d) QAM Modulation Modes: 16, 32, 64, 128, & 256
e) DVB Symbol Rate: Variable; 1 to 7 MSymbols/sec (Mbaud)
f) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz
g) QAM Tuning :NTSC: Per channel’s number from 2 to 135
h) Per channel’s center-frequency (12.5 kHz increments)
i) RF Level: +55 dBmV
j) Size (W x D x H): 19 x 18.125 x 1.75 in.
k) Power: 105 to 135 VAC; 60 Hz
l) Power Dissipation: 23 W
93
AQT
(See page: 21)
The ATSC/QAM to QAM transcoder shall have a 3RU modular chassis design permitting up to eight units to be mounted
along with a common power supply and control unit. The transcoder modules shall be compatible with both off-air 8VSB and
CATV QAM channel inputs. The ATSC/AQM transcoder shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQT and shall meet the following
specifications:
a) Demod Mode
i) ATSC: 8VSB or 16VSB
ii) ITUA: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 QAM
iii) ITUB: 64, 256 QAM
d) QAM Output
b) 8 VSB Input Range:
i) 54-860 MHz (CATV 2-135)
i) VHF/UHF, 54-806 MHz
ii) Variable Bandwidth
ii) Level
iii) +40 dBmV Output level (average meas.)
(1) -28 dBmV Min. 8VSB
iv) 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 Modulation modes
(2) -25 dBmV Min. 16VSB
v) -95 dBc Phase Noise @ 10 kHz
c) QAM Input Range
e) Size (W x H x D): 1.5 x 5.25 x 10.63 in.
i) 54-861 MHz
ii) Level
(1) -20 dBmV Min. QAM64
(2) -15 dBmV Min. QAM256
AQT-PCM/QTRC
(See page: 21 )
The rack chassis and power supply/control module shall be UL Listed and provide eight modular slots for mounting and
powering AQT (ATSC/QAM) transcoders. The rack chassis shall occupy 3 RU’s in a 19 inch rack. The power and control unit
shall have a backlit Liquid Crystal Display with 5 navigation/enter push buttons. The rack chassis and its power supply/control
module shall be equal to Blonder Tongue QTRC and AQT-PCM. They shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Power Requirement: 100 to 265 VAC 50/60 Hz, 107 W
b) Operating Temperature: 0 to 50º C
c) Chassis Size (W x H x D): 19 x 5.25 x 12 in.
AQT-RCS
(See page: 21 )
The AQT-RCS (Remote Configuration Server) shall be an optional unit and have a modular design to interface with the PCM
(Power & Control Module) and occupying one slot of the Rack Chassis. The RCS will feature a graphical web browser based
interface to permit remote computer control of the entire AQT headend. The unit shall have a programmable static IP address
and function with standard browsers such as Microsoft® Internet Explorer® 6.0 or later and not require any software to
be loaded onto an operators computer. The RCS shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue AQD-RCS or exceed the following
specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
IP Addressing: Fixed Static IP
User Name & Password: Software Settable
Administrator & View Modes
Module Dimensions (W x H x D):
11.31 x 5.25 x 1.5 in.
Chassis Dimensions: 19 x 5.25 x 12 in.
Mounting: Standard 3 EIA Unit Height
5.25 x 19 in.
Power Requirement: 5 VDC, 200 mA
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
94
Operating Temperature: 0º to +50º C
Storage Temperature: -20º to +70º C
Humidity: 0 to 95% RH
RJ-45 Ethernet Connector
RJ-11 RS-232 Serial Data Connector
12-pin Power Connector
Ethernet Link LED
Ethernet Receive LED
Ethernet Transmit LED
BIDA-55A-30P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
The distribution amplifiers shall be housed in a heavy 100% shielded enclosure and employ power doubling hybrid circuitry
for forward path amplification. The amplifier shall contain an integrated, amplified return path that is field defeatable.
The amplifiers shall have mounting tabs for securing to any flat surface, and be powered be an external UL listed power
transformer. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BIDA-55A-30P, and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Forward Passband: 49 to 550 MHz
Reverse Passband: 5 to 36 MHz
Flatness: ±0.50 dB or better
Gain: 32 dB
Manual Gain Control Range: 10 dB
Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dB
Test Ports:
i) Input: -30 ±2 dB
ii) Output: -30 ±2 dB
Return Loss:
i) Input: 16 dB Minimum
ii) Output: 16 dB Minimum
BIDA-75A-30P
i) Terminal Impedance: 75 Ω
j) Noise Figure: 7.0 dB Maximum
k) Hum Modulation: -70 dB
l) Number of Channels: 77
m) Output Level:
i) LowestChannel: 36 dBmV
ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmV
n) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -71 dB
o) Cross Modulation: -74 dB
p) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hz
q) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
for forward path amplification. The amplifier shall contain an integrated, amplified return path that is field defeatable.
The amplifiers shall have mounting tabs for securing to any flat surface, and be powered be an external UL listed power
transformer. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BIDA-75A-30P, and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
m) Output Level:
i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV
a) Forward Passband: 49 to 750 MHz
b) Reverse Passband: 5 to 36 MHz
c) Flatness: ±0.70 dB or better
d) Gain: 32 dB
e) Manual Gain Control Range: 10 dB
f) Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dB
g) Test Ports:
h) Return Loss:
95
BIDA-86A-30P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
for forward path amplification. The amplifier shall contain an integrated, amplified return path that is field defeatable. The
amplifiers shall have mounting tabs for securing to any flat surface, and be powered be an external UL listed power transformer.
The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BIDA-86A-30P, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
d) Gain: 32 dB
m) Output Level:
g) Test Ports:
h) Return Loss:
BIDA-55A-43P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
d) Gain: 43 dB
m) Output Level:
g) Test Ports:
h) Return Loss:
96
BIDA-75A-43P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
d) Gain: 43 dB
m) Output Level:
g) Test Ports:
h) Return Loss:
BIDA-86A-43P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
m) Output Level:
c) Flatness: ± 0.70 dB or better
d) Gain: 43 dB
g) Test Ports:
h) Return Loss:
97
BIDA-100A-30
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Reverse Passband: 5 to 36 MHz
Flatness: ±0.75 dB or better
Gain: 32 dB
Test Ports:
Return Loss:
m) Output Level:
BTY-10-U
Single Channel UHF antennas shall be of the Yagi design with a flat frequency response. Gain over isotropic shall be 12.2 dBi or
greater. The antenna boom shall be constructed of 6063-T6 aluminum with 10 elements constructed of 6063-T52 aluminum.
The element ends shall be sealed against entry of moisture and weather protected with an anti-corrosion finish. The UHF
antennas shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BTY-10-U and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
f)
g)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Gain Over Isotropic: 12.2 dBi Minimum
Front-To-Back Radio: 14 dB Minimum
Survival Wind Load: 125 mph
3 dB Horizontal Beamwidth: 46 Degrees
Channels: 14 to 69
BTY-UHF-BB
Broadband UHF antennas shall be of the log periodic design with a flat frequency response. Gain over isotropic shall be 10.2
dBi. The antenna boom shall be constructed of 6063-T6 aluminum with 8 elements constructed of 6063-T52 aluminum. The
element ends shall be sealed against entry of moisture and weather protected with an anti-corrosion finish. The VHF antennas
shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BTY-UHF-BB and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio: 1.67:1
Gain Over Isotropic: 10.2 dBi
Front-To-Back Radio: 18 dB Minimum
Survival Wind Load: 125 mph
3 dB Horizontal Beamwidth: 62 Degrees
Bandwidth: 470-890 MHz
98
CEF-750
(See pages: 51, 85)
The channel elimination filter shall be a professional quality rack mounted (1RU) product with a pass band of 50-750 MHz. The
filter shall be designed to remove one 6 MHz wide television channel with an attenuation of greater than 52 dB on the visual
and aural carriers with negligible loss to adjacent channel carriers. The channel elimination filter shall be available on channels
2 through CATV 38 (54-312 MHz). The channel elimination filter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue CEF-750, and shall meet
or exceed the following specifications:
a) Frequency Range
e) Impedance: 75 Ω
i) Channel Elimination: 54-312 MHz
ii) Passband: 50-750 MHz
f) Return Loss: 10 dB Min.
g) Size (W x H x D):
b) Insertion Loss: 3 dB Max
19.0 x 1.75 x 10.25 in.
c) Channel Suppression: 52 dB
d) Adjacent Channel Insertion Loss
2 to 23: 3.0 dB
24 to 38: 4.0 dB
CMA-Uc
(See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )
UHF broadband preamplifiers shall be two piece construction to allow optimum placement of the amplifier in relation to the
antenna. The amplifier shall be housed in a rugged, mast mount, die-cast housing and have a -20 dB backmatched test port.
The UHF broadband preamplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue CMA-Uc with power supply PS-1526 and shall meet or
exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Frequency Range: 470-806 MHz
Gain: 20 dB
Input Capability: -9 to +26 dBmV per channel
Noise Figure: 3 dB Maximum
DFCS-24
The distribution frame cable splitter shall have a 19 inch, 1RU rack mountable chassis and provide twenty four (24) output
ports for drop cable connections. The splitter shall have a -20 dB test point for testing the input signal without interruption of
service. The splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DFCS-24, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Input Test Port: -20 dB
Return Loss:
e)
f)
99
Isolation
i) Adjacent Ports: 25 dB
ii) Non-Adjacent Ports: >40 dB
Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum
DFCS-32
(See page: 78 )
The distribution frame cable splitter shall have a 19 inch, 1RU rack mountable chassis and provide thirty two (32) output ports
for drop cable connections. The splitter shall have a -20 dB test point for testing the input signal without interruption of service.
The splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DFCS-32, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHz
e) Isolation
b) Impedance: 75 Ω
i) Adjacent Ports: 25 dB
c) Input Test Port: -20 dB
d) Return Loss:
f) Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum
DHDP-V
(See page: 23 )
The HDTV off-air processor shall be a two-unit system consisting of a Downconverter unit which acts as the input section and an
Upconverter unit which acts as the output section. Both units are housed in a modular die-cast chassis requiring two positions
or slots in a compatible modular rack chassis.
The Downconverter unit shall accept any 8VSB signal from 54-860 MHz. Channel entry shall be
done by a 2 digit front panel BCD switch. (i.e.: - VHF 2-13, UHF 14-69 & unused spectrum 806-860 MHz).
The Downconverter shall output an IF signal which is then fed to the Upconverter unit.
The Upconverter unit shall take the IF signal and process it to any channel from 54-860 MHz. Channel entry shall be the same
as the downconverter (i.e.: - CATV, STD, IRC & HRC as well as Broadcast VHF & UHF). The HDTV channel processor shall be
equal to Blonder Tongue DHDP-V and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)Input Frequency Range:
h) Output Frequency Tolerance: ±5 KHz
(8VSB - downconverter)
i) Output Level:
i) VHF 2-13: 54-216
i) Analog: +45 dBmV
ii) UHF 14-69: 470-806
(IF Input +35 dBmV)
iii) UHF Extended: 806-860
ii) Digital: +40 dBmV
(IF Input +30dBmV)
b) Operating Input Range:
-10 dbmV to +20 dBmV
j) Output Level Adj. Range: 10 dB
c) Input Level Range:
k) Spurious Output 50-1000 MHz: -60 dB
i) (AGC Controlled) -20 dBmV to +25 dBmV
l) C/N Ratio IN Channel:
ii) Adj. Ch. Rejection:
i) Digital: -60 dB
(Ref. to +30 dBmV IF output)
(6 MHz BW +40 dBmV Output)
iii) Adj. Aural and Below: >65 dB
ii) Analog: -65 dB
(4 MHz BW +45 dBmV Output)
iv) Adj. Visual and Above: >65 dB
m) Broadband Noise: -76 dBc
d) Output Frequency: 44.00 MHz IF
e) Phase Noise: @ 10 KHz Offset -85 dBc/Hz
f)Output Frequency Range:
54-860 MHz (upconverter)
g) Channels:
i) CATV- STD, IRC, HRC
ii) Broadcast; VHF, UHF
100
DSV-42
(See pages: 51, 55, 56, 59, 71 )
The sub-band diplexers shall be manufactured in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding.
Sub-band diplexers shall be employed for isolating and separating VHF/UHF/CATV signals (50 to 1000 MHz) from sub-channel
signals (DC to 42 MHz). They shall permit two-way transmission of RF signals on a single coaxial cable. The sub-band diplexers
shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DSV-42 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Passband:
i) Combined: DC-42 and 50-1000 MHz
ii) High: 50-1000 MHz
iii) Low: DC-42 MHz
Insertion Loss: 0.5 dB
Return Loss: 14 dB Minimum
Isolation:
i) DC-42 MHz:
(a) 50-860 MHz: 55 dB Minimum
(b) 860-1000 MHz: 45 dB Minimum
ii) 50-1000 MHz:
(a) DC-42 MHz: 45 dB Minimum
g) Power Passing Capability: 500 mA
101
DQMx
(See page: 25)
The Digital QAM Multiplexer shall accept up to four inputs in ASI, 8VSB, and QAM formats, and delivers one output in QAM
format in the 54-864 MHz range. Two types of input modules are available (ASI and 8VSB/QAM), and any combination of
input modules is allowed. Each ASI input module can process up to twelve channels, not to exceed 270 Mbps. Each 8VSB/
QAM input module can process up to twelve channels, not to exceed 19.4 Mbps for 8VSB or 38.8 Mbps for QAM 256. The
QAM-modulated output can contain up to twelve channels, not to exceed 38.8 Mpbs when operating in QAM 256 mode.
The digital QAM multiplexer shall also maintain MPEG-2 mapping if the input ASI stream is removed and the same stream is
added later (for example, after a power cycle). In addition to PAT, PMT, and MGT tables, the unit shall support RRT, STT, and
VCT tables of the MPEG-2 transport stream and will automatically re-map duplicate PIDs, program numbers, and minor channel numbers. The digital QAM Multiplexer shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue DQMx Series and shall meet or exceed the
following specifications:
a) Input
i) Connectors
1) ASI module: BNC Female
2) 8VSB/QAM module: “F” Female
b) Standards
i) ASI: DVB-ASI; EN 50083-9
ii) 8VSB: ATSC Digital Television A/53E
iii) QAM: ITU-T J.83 - Annex A & B (64 and 256 QAM)
iv) ASI Mode Transport Rate: 270 Mbps
e)
Output
i) Connector: “F” Female
ii) QAM Modulation Modes: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256,
512,and 1024
iii) DVB Symbol Rate Variable; 1 to 7 MSymbols/sec
iv)Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz
f)
QAM Tuning
i) NTSC: Per channel’s number from 2 to 135
ii) RF Level +60 dBmV
iii) RF Level Adjustment Range 50 to 60 dBmV
iv) Frequency Tolerance ± 0.5 kHz @ 77 °F (25 °C)
v) Frequency Stability ± 5 kHz over 32 to 122 °F (0 .
to 50 °C)
vi) Phase Noise -98 dBc (@ 10 kHz)
vii) Spurious -60 dBc
viii) Broadband Noise -75 dBc
ix) SNR Greater than 40 dB
x) MER Greater than 40 dB
g)
Encoding Profile
i) Video: MPEG 2 HD; ISO 13818-2; 1080i, MPEG 2 .
SD; ISO 13818-2; 480i
ii) Audio: Pass through compress audio
h)
General
i) Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 x 14.3 x 1.75 inches
ii) Power: 100 to 265 VAC/50 to 60 Hz
c) 8VSB Mode
i) Tuning Range: VHF (NTSC Ch. 2-13), UHF (NTSC Ch. 14-69)
ii) Data Rate: 19.392 Mbps
iv) Power Level: -20 to +20 dBmV
d) QAM Mode
i) Tuning Range: CATV (NTSC Ch. 2-135)
ii) Data Rate: 38.8 Mbps (QAM 256); 26.97 Mbps (QAM 64)
iv) Power Level: -15 to 20 dBmV, -20 to 20 dBmV
102
EQAM-420A
(See page: 41)
The IP to QAM (EdgeQAM) unit shall be designed to allow CATV operators to aggregate multiple SDTV/HDTV programs
received in IP format and to deliver them over a standard coaxial distribution network. The unit shall be capable of accepting
unencrypted (clear) 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) streams in one of the following two modes:
Mode 1: Up to thirty-two (32) MPEG-2/H.264 Single Program Transport Streams (SPTS)
Mode 2: Up to eight (8) MPEG-2/H.264 Multi Program Transport Streams (MPTS), each not to exceed 38.8 Mbps.
The input streams are to be aggregated in up to eight (8) QAM RF channels in the 54-996 MHz range. EdgeQAM models shall
be available with one or two QAM output modules, each capable of delivering four (4) adjoining QAM channels. Each QAM
channel can contain up to four (4) programs. The QAM RF output shall be available in either unencrypted or with Pro:Idiom™
encryption for protection against content piracy.
Comprehensive remote monitoring and control shall be provided through the use of any standard Web browser via a front-panel
10/100BaseT Ethernet connection.
The EdgeQAM unit shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue EQAM-420A Series and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
e) QAM
i) No. of Output Modules: 1 or 2 Quad-QAM
a) IP
ii) Connector: 1x "F" Female
i) Connector: 1x RJ-45
iii) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256
ii) Standard: 1000Base-T Ethernet
iv) Standards: ITU-T J.83, Annex A and B
iii) UDP/RTP: Supported
v) DVB Symbol Rate: Variable; up to 7 MSymbol/sec
vi) Frequency Range: 54 to 996 MHz
b) Stream Portfolio
vii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable (CH 2 to 157)
i) SPTS & MPTS: Null Packet Deletion & Addition
viii) Channels' Bandwidth: 24 MHz
Muxing of input streams
ix) No. of Programs: Variable
ii) Bitrate: Variable and Constant
x) RF Level: +35 dBmV ± 1 dB increment
xi)
RF Level Adjustment Range: + 30 to +37 dBmV, 1 dB increment
c) Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75 inches
xii) Frequency Tolerance: ± 0.5 kHz @ 77 °F (25 °C)
d) Power: 115-230VAC, 60/50Hz
xiii) Frequency Stability: ± 5 kHz over 32 to 122 °F (0 to 50 °C)
xiv) Amplitude Flatness: ± 0.25 dB
xv) Phase Noise: -98 dBc
xvi) Spurious -60 dBc
xvii) Broadband Noise: -70 dBc
xviii) Impedance: 75 Ω
xix) Spectral Inversion: Auto Recognition
xx) Carrier Suppression: 45 dB
xxi) Return Loss: 14 dB typical
xxii) Signal-to-Noise Ratio: (SNR): 40 dB typical
xxiii) MER: 39 dB typical
xxiv) I/Q Phase Error: Less than 1 degree
xxv) I/Q Amplitude Imbalance: Less than 1%
103
FIBT-S3A-XXXX
(See page: 81)
To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer.
The fiber transmitter shall transmit 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. Transmitter
shall be a rack mount unit with an internal power supply, and shall have a tri-color status indicator LED on the RF input. The
transmitters shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FIBT-S3A-XXXX Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j) Optical Output Connector: FC/APC
k) RF Input Connector: F
l) RF Input Adjustment Range: 4dB
m)Optical Output: FC/APC Standard,
SC/APC Optional
n) RF Input Indicator: Tri-color LED
Operating Wavelength: 1310 nm
Bandwidth: 45 to 860 MHz
Input Impedance: 75 Ω
Back Reflection: -50 dB Maximum
Optical Output Power: 6-14 dBm
(Output power dependant on model used)
RF Input Level (110 Ch. Load): +18 dBmV
CNR (0 dBm In, 110 Ch Load): 54 dB
CTB (110 Ch Load): -69 dB Minimum
CSO (110 Ch Load): -63 dB Minimum
FOC-23-16-U
(See page: 81)
Where optical splitting or coupling is required by the network design, a rack-mount coupler shall be used. The coupler shall be
for single mode fiber and employ FC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The six port optical coupler shall
be equal to Blonder Tongue FOC-23-16-U and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Number of Inputs: 1
Number of Outputs: 6
Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nm
e) Optical Connectors: FC/APC (only)
FOC-102U-XX
(See page: 81)
Where optical splitting or coupling is required by the network design, a rack-mount coupler shall be used. The coupler shall be for
single mode fiber and employ either FC/APC or SC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The two port optical
coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOC-102U-XX and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Number of Inputs: 1
b) Number of Outputs: 2
c) Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nm
d) Insertion Loss: 3.3 dB
e) Optical Connectors: Specify - FA (FC/APC) or SA (SC/APC)
FOC-104U-XX
(See page: 81)
for single mode fiber and employ either FC/APC or SC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The four port
optical coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOC-104U-XX and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Number of Inputs: 1
104
FOC-108U-XX
(See page: 81)
for single mode fiber and employ either FC/APC or SC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The two port
a) Number of Inputs: 1
b) Number of Outputs: 8
c) Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nm
d) Insertion Loss: 9.5 dB
FOC-116U-XX
(See page: 81 )
for single mode fiber and employ either FC/APC or SC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The two port
a)
b)
c)
d)
Number of Inputs: 1
FOCN-S4S-201
(See page: 81 )
To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer. The fiber receiver shall
receive 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. The receiver shall be a wall mounted unit
powered by a UL listed 12 VDC external power supply (BT Stock # 7415). The receiver shall be powered either directly through
its 12 VDC connector or remotely from its RF output connector using a power inserter (included in #7415). The receiver shall
also include a tri-colored LED indicator for optical level input status. The receiver shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOCNS4S-201 series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Output Impedance: 75 Ω
b) Band Width: 54-870 MHz
c) Optical Input: -8.0 to +2.0 dBm
d) Max Channel Load: 110
e) Operating Wavelength:
1310 or 1550 nm, Field Selectable
f) CNR of link:
>54 dB (1 dBm input, 110 Ch, Load)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
105
Optical Connector: SC/APC
RF Output & Test Port: F
Output Test Port Level: -20 dB
Optical Input Indicator: Tri-color LED
RF Output: 28 dBmV @ -1 dBm input
FRDA-S4A-860
(See page: 81 )
The fiber receiver shall receive 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. Receiver shall be a
wall mount unit with an UL listed, external power supply. The receiver shall have a tri-color status indicator LED on the optical
input. The receiver will have internally accessible plug-in attenuator to prevent overdriving of the hybrid amplifiers. The receiver
shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FRDA-S4A-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
b)Bandwidth: 47 to 860 MHz
e) Operating Wavelength:
f)CNR of link: 53 dB
(1 dBm input, 110 Ch, Load)
g)Optical Connector: FC/APC Standard,
SC/APC Optional
h) RF Output & Test Port: F
i) Output Test Port Level: -30 ±2 dB
j) Gain Control Range: 10 dB
k) Slope Control Range: 8 dB
l) Optical Input Indicator: Tri-color LED
m) Hum Modulation: -70 dB
n) RF Gain: 43 dB
o) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimum
FRRA-S4A-860-43P
(See page: 81 )
The fiber receiver shall receive 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode
fiber. Receiver shall be a rack mount unit with an internal power supply. The receiver shall have a tri-color
status indicator LED on the optical input. The receiver shall have the provision to use an external FAM
attenuator to prevent overdriving of the hybrid amplifiers. The receiver shall be equal to Blonder Tongue
FRRA-S4A-860 Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
b)Bandwidth: 47 to 860 MHz
e)Operating Wavelength:
f)CNR of link:
53 dB (1 dBm input, 110 Ch, Load)
g)Optical Connector: FC/APC Standard, SC/APC Optional
h) RF Output & Test Port: F
i) Output Test Port Level: -30 ±2 dB
j) Gain Control Range: 10 dB
k) Slope Control Range: 8 dB
l) Optical Input Indicator: Tri-color LED
m) Hum Modulation: -70 dB
n) RF Gain: 43 dB
o) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimum
106
HD264-2S-IP
(See page: 69)
The HD Encoder shall accept up to two (2) programs from any of the following inputs: 2xHD-SDI, 2xHDMI (unencrypted),
and 2xComponent. Each input program, if applicable shall be digitized, then H.264 or MPEG-2 encoded into a high-definition
Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS), and finally IP-encapsulated and delivered in 10/100Base-T Ethernet format as an
output. Each SPTS shall be also available via two (2) identical ancillary outputs in ASI format. The encoder must support
Dolby® Digital audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It shall be equipped with an autosensing relay
that allows switching to an optional redundant power supply in the unlikely event of primary power supply failure.
Comprehensive remote monitoring and control shall be accomplished using any standard Web browser via a front-panel
10/100Base-T Ethernet connection. The HD H.264 encoder shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue H264-2S-IP and shall meet
a) HD-SDI
i) Connectors: 2x BNC
ii) Standard: SMPTE 292M
iii) Video: 720p & 1080i
iv) Audio: Embedded PCM and pass-through Dolby®
f)
c) HDMI
i) Connections: 2x HDMI
ii) Video Standard: 480i, 720p & 1080i
iii) HDCP Encryption: Not supported
iv) Audio: Embedded PCM and pass-through Dolby® d) Component
i) Connectors: 2 sets each 3x RCA for Video
2 sets each 2x RCA for Analog Audio
ii) Video Standard: Analog
iii) Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3
e) H.264 Encoding Profile
i) Output Format: H.264; ISO/IEC 14496
ii) Chroma: 4:2:2
iii) Resolution: 1280x720p; 1920x1080i
iv) Frame Rate: 29.97 fps
v) Aspect Ratio: 16:9
vi) GOP Structure: Dynamic
vii) Transport Rate: Variable
viii) Video Bit Rate: Variable
MPEG-2 Video Encoding Profile
i) Output Format: MPEG-2 HD MP@ML
ii) Chroma: 4:2:0
iii) Resolution: 72-x480i; 1280x720p; 1920x1080i
iv) Frame Rate: 29.97 fps
v) Aspect Ratio: 16:9, 4:3
vi) GOP Structure: Dynamic
vii) Transport Rate: Variable
viii) Video Bit Rate: Variable
ix) Color Space: YCbCr and RGB
g) Audio Encoding Profile
i) Output Format: Dolby® Digital, MPEG-1 Layer 2, AAC
ii) Sampling Rate: 48 kHz
iii) Bit Rate: Variable
h) Closed Captioning:
i) HD-SDI: EIA-708
ii) HDMI: Not Supported
iii) Component: EIA-608
i) IP:
i) Connectors: 2x RJ45
ii) Standard: IEEE 802.3 10/100Base-T Ethernet
iv) Address Assignment: 2x IPv4 addresses & port numbers
107
j)
ASI:
Connectors: 2x BNC (front and rear)
Format: DVB-ASI
Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9
k)
Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 15.9 x 1.75 inches
l)
Power: 115-230 VAC, 60/50 Hz
HDE-2H/2S-QAM
(See pages: 13, 67)
The HD Encoder accepts up to four (4) high-definition (HD) programs from any of the following inputs: 2xHDMI
(unencrypted), 2xHD-SDI, and 4xComponent. MPEG-2 encoded outputs are available in the following formats
simultaneously: 4xQAM, 1xGigE (1000Base-T Ethernet), and 4xASI.
The encoder supports Dolby® Digital AC-3 audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It is also
equipped with an Emergency Alert System (EAS) interface. A front-panel RF test point allows for monitoring/testing of
the QAM output without service interruption Comprehensive remote monitoring and control is accomplished using any
standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection. The HD Encoder shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue
HDE-2H/2S-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
HDMI
i) Connectors: 2x HDMI
ii) Video Standard: 480i, 720p, 1080i
iv) Audio: PCM and pass-through Dolby® AC-3
h) Size (W x D x H): 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75
i) QAM
i) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256
iii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable
iv) Channels' Bandwidth: 24 MHz
v) RF level: +42 to +52 dBmV
+46 to +56 dBmV
j) ASI
k) GigE
i) Connectors: 1xRJ45
Component
i) Connectors
(1) 4 sets for 3x RCA for Video
(2) 4 sets for 2x RCA for Analog Audio
(3) 4 sets 1x RCA for Digital Audio
Video Standard: Analog (720p)
Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3
EAS Connectors: 3x RCA; Terminal Strip
Encoding Profile
i) Video
l) HD-SDI
(1) Chroma: 4:2:0
i) Connector: 2x BNC
(2) Resolution: 720x480; 1280x720; 1920x1080
(3) Frame Format: 480i, 720p60, 1080i30
(4) Aspect Ratio: 16:9, 4:3
(5) GOP Structure: I&P frames
(6) Output format: MPEG-2 HD MP@ML; ISO 13818-2
g) Audio
i) Output format: Dolby® Digital AC-3
ii) Sampling rate: 48 kHz
iii) Bit rate: Variable; 96-448 Kbps
108
HDE-4S-QAM
(See page: 13 )
The HD Encoder accepts up to four (4) high-definition (HD) programs from any of the following inputs: 4xHD-SDI,
and 4xComponent. MPEG-2 encoded outputs are available in the following formats simultaneously: 4xQAM, 1xGigE
(1000Base-T Ethernet), and 4xASI.
The encoder supports Dolby® Digital AC-3 audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It is also
equipped with an Emergency Alert System (EAS) interface. A front-panel RF test point allows for monitoring/testing of
the QAM output without service interruption Comprehensive remote monitoring and control is accomplished using any
standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection. The HD Encoder shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue
HDE-4S-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
c)
d)
e)
Component
i) Connectors
(1) 4 sets for 3x RCA for Video
(2) 4 sets for 2x RCA for Analog Audio
(3) 4 sets 1x RCA for Digital Audio
Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3
EAS Connectors: 3x RCA; Terminal Strip
Encoding Profile
i) Video
(1) Chroma: 4:2:0
(2) Resolution: 720x480; 1280x720; 1920x1080
(3) Frame Format: 480i, 720p60, 1080i30
f) Audio
iii) Bit rate: Variable; 96-448 Kbps
109
g) Size (W x D x H): 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75
h) QAM
i) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256
iii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable
v) RF level: +42 to +52 dBmV
+46 to +56 dBmV
i) ASI
j) GigE
i) Connectors: 1xRJ45
k) HD-SDI
HDE-CHV-QAM
The MPEG-2 HD Encoder shall accept one (1) high-definition (HD) program from any of the following inputs:
1xComponent, 1xHDMI (unencrypted), 1x Composite and 1xVGA. MPEG-2 encoded outputs shall be available in the
following formats simultaneously: 1xQAM, 1xASI, and 1xIP (10/100Base-T Ethernet). The QAM RF output will be
frequency agile over the entire CATV frequency range of 54-1002 MHz (channels 2-158) with an output level of +40
dBmV. The encoder shall support Dolby® Digital audio encoding, Closed Captioning (EIA-608) and be controlled/
monitored using a standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100BaseT Ethernet connection. The HD MPEG-2 encoder
shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue HDE-CHV-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Input
i) Connectors
(1) 3x RCA for Video
(2) 2x RCA for Analog Audio
(3) 1x RCA for Digital Audio
c) Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3
d) HDMI
i) Connectors: 1x HDMI
ii) Video Standard: 480i, 720p, 1080i
iv) Audio: PCM and pass-through Dolby® AC-3
e) Video
(1) Chroma: 4:2:0
(2) Resolution: 720x480; 1280x720; 1920x1080
(3) Frame Format: 480i, 720p60, 1080i30
f) Audio
iii) Bit rate: Variable; 96 - 448 Kbps
g) Closed Captioning
i) Component: EIA-608
ii) HDMI: EIA-608; 1x RCA
h) Dimensions (W x D x H): 5.65 x 12.5 x 1.75 inches
i) Power: 12 VDC @ 3 Amps
110
j) QAM
i) Connector: 1 x "F" Female
ii) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256
iii) Frequency Range: 54 to 1002 MHz
iii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable (Ch 2 - 158)
v) RF level: +40 dBmV ± 1 dB
vi) Phase Noise: -98 dBc
vii) Spurious: -60 dBc
viii) Broadband Noise: -70 dBc
ix) SNR: 40 dB typical
x) MER: 40 dB typical
k) ASI
ii) Format: DVB-ASI
iii) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9
l) IP
i) Connector: 1x RJ45
ii) Standard: 10/100Base-T Ethernet
HPC-8
(See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)
The channel combiner shall have eight (8) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend.
The combiner shall be internally constructed of -120 dB radiation proof passives. The combiner shall have a -20 dB test point
for testing of signals without interruption or service. The combiner shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HPC-8, and shall meet
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Output Test Port: -20 dB
Return Loss: ≥ 18 dB
Isolation: ≥ 28 dB
Insertion Loss: 12.5 dB Maximum
HPC-12
(See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)
The channel combiner shall have twelve (12) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Output Test Port: -20 ±2 dB
Isolation: 25 dB Minimum
HPC-24
(See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)
The channel combiner shall have twenty four (24) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Output Test Port: -20 dB
Isolation: ≥ 28 dB
HPC-32
(See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)
The channel combiner shall have thirty two (32) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Impedance: 75 Ω
Output Test Port: -20 ±2 dB
111
IPAT
The IP ASI Transcoder shall be a bi-direction device cable of accepting MPEG2/4-encoded input streams in 1000Base-T Ethernet
(GbE) and ASI formats simultaneously. The GbE input is transcoded to ASI output while ASI input is transcoded to GbE output.
Two factory-installed options are available (RF IN and RF OUT) to allow either an 8VSB/QAM input or a QAM output depending
upon the application. An integrated web server shall provide comprehensive GUI-based local and remote control/monitoring
capability using a standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100BaseT interface. The IP ASI Transcoder shall be equal to
Blonder Tongue IPAT and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) IP Input/Output Interface
iv) QAM Mode
i) Connector: 1 x RI45
(1) Tuning Range: CATV
ii) Format: Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
(2) Symbol Rate: 5.3606 Msymbols/sec
iii) Standard: IEEE, 802.3 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet
5.057 Msymbols/sec
iv) Protocols: IPv4, RTP/UDP, ARP, IGMPv2, ICMP
(3) Bandwidth: 6 MHz
b) ASI Input/Output Interface
(4) Single Ch. Power Level: -32 to +45 dBmV
i) Connector: 1 x BNC
(5) 8SVB Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV
ii) Format: DVB-ASI, 270 Mbps
(6) QAM Power Level: -20 to +20 dBmV
(7) Return Loss: 12 dB
c) Dimensions: 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75 inches
(8) Impedance: 75 Ω
d) Power: 117 to 230 VAC/ 50 to 60 Hz
v) Output
e) Power Dissipation: Less than 40 W
(1) Format: DVB-ASI, 270 Mbps
f) RF IN Module (Optional)
(2) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9
i) Connector In/Out: “F” Female/BNC
ii) Input
(1) 8VSB: ATSC Digital TV Standard A/53E
(2) QAM: ITU-T J.83
iii) 8SVB Mode
(1) Tuning Range: UHF, VHF
IPME-CH
(See page: 65 )
The rack chassis and power supply shall provide three modular slots for mounting and powering IPME-2 video encoders. The
rack chassis shall occupy 1RU in a 19 inch rack. The rack chassis power supply shall be equal to Blonder Tongue IPME-CH and
a)
b)
c)
Power Requirements:
Input: 115 VAC 50/60 Hz
Output: 3.3 VDC
Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50° C
Chassis Size: (W x H x D): 19 X 1.75 x 8.25 in.
112
IPME-2
(See page: 65 )
The IPTV video encoder shall be housed in a compact modular package for easy integration with existing or new systems. Three
IPTV encoders when installed in their IPME-CH rack chassis shall occupy only 1RU in a 19 inch rack. The IPTV video encoder
shall be equal to Blonder Tongue IPME-2 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Compression: MPEG-2 Standards Compliant, RFC-1889 & RFC-2250
b) Ethernet: 10BaseT Ethernet or 100 BaseTX Fast Ethernet (Auto-sensing)
c) Bandwidth Control:
Minimum: 30 FPS @ 1.5 Mbits/s, 325 x 240 resolution
Recommended: 30 FPS @ 3.8 Mbits/s, 720 x 480 resolution
Maximum: 30 FPS @ 7.5 Mbits/s, 720 x 480 resolution
d) Streaming Modes: Multicast or Unicast
e) Multicast Sessions: Unlimited number of client viewing sessions
f) Video Input/Output Formats: NTSC and PAL
g) Front Panel Connectors:
RJ-45 Ethernet 10/100
RS-232 Serial Connector
h) Rear Panel Connectors:
Video Input: F
Audio (L/R): RCA
Power: 6 Pin +3.3 VDC
i) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50° C
MDDA-860
(See page: 67 )
The digital demodulator shall have a 2RU modular design to permit up to twelve units to be inserted in a chassis with a common power supply. The digital demodulator shall be capable of receiving one input in ATSC 8VSB (digital off-air) or “clear”
QAM (digital cable) format and delivering one output in ASI format.
The digital demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MDDA-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Input
i) Connector: “F” Female
ii) Standards:
(1) 8SVB: ATSC Digital TV Standard A/53E
(2) QAM: ITU-T J.83
iii) 8VSB Mode:
(1) Tuning Range: UHF, VHF
iv) QAM Mode
(1) Tuning Range: CATV
(2) Symbol Rate: 5.3606 Msymbols/sec;
5.057 Msymbols/sec
v) Single Ch Power Level: -32 to +45 dBmV
vi) 8VSB Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV
vii) QAM Power: -20 to +20 dBmV
viii) Return Loss: 12dB
ix) Impedance: 75 Ω
b) Output
i) Connectors
(1) ASI: 1 x F
ii) ASI
(1) Standard: DVB-ASI 50083-9
(2) Data Bit Rate: 270 Mbps
c) Size (W x D x H)
i) MDDA-860 Modules: 1.5 x 7.5 x 3.5 inches
ii) MIPS-12D Power Supply: 4.2 x 7.5 x 3.5 inches
iii) MIRC-12V Chassis: 19 x 12.0 x 5.25 inches
113
MDDM-860
(See page: 65 )
The HDTV (ATSC/QAM) demodulator shall have a 2RU modular design to permit up to twelve units to be inserted in a chassis
with a common power. The demodulator shall output a NTSC composite video via an F connector and audio via left/right
RCA connectors. The HDTV demodulator shall be capable of decoding all 18 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) standard formats including 8VSB, annex B QAM 64 and QAM 256. The HDTV demodulator will have its video displayed
in 480i (NTSC) in 4:3 or 16:9 formats with closed captioning decoding supported as well. The HDTV demodulator shall be
equal to Blonder Tongue MDDM-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Input Tuning Range:
i) 8VSB
(1) VHF 2-13: 54-216
(2) UHF 14-69: 470-806
(3) CATV: 2-135
ii) QAM
(1) CATV: 2-135
b) Operating Input Range: -20 dbmV to +20 dBmV
c) Data Rate:
i) 8VSB Mode: 19.392 Mbps
ii) QAM 64 Annex B: 26.9 Mbps, Auto Detection
iii) QAM 256 Annex B: 38.8 Mbps, Auto Detection
d) Video Output: NTSC Composite Video
i) Output Level: 1 V p-p
ii) Aspect Ratio: AFD, Center Cut, Letterbox, Full, Zoom 1 & 2
iii) Closed Captioning: EIA-608
iv) Format: 480i
e) Audio Output: Analog
i) Output Level: 1 Vrms
f) Size (W x H x D): 1.15 x 3.5 x 7.5 in.
MIBT-S3A-XXX
(See page: 81 )
The fiber transmitter shall transmit 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. The transmitter
shall have a modular chassis requiring 2 slots in a MIRC-12 rack chassis. It shall have a tri-color LED status indicator for the
RF input. The transmitters shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MIBT-S3A-XXX Series and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Operating Wavelength: 1310 nm
Bandwidth: 45 to 860 MHz
Back Reflection: -50 dB Maximum
Optical Output Power: 6-14 dBm
(Output power dependant on model used)
RF Input Level (110 Ch. Load): +18 dBmV
CNR (0 dBm In, 110 Ch Load): 54 dB
CTB (110 Ch Load): -69 dB Minimum
i) CSO (110 Ch Load): -63 dB Minimum
j) Optical Output Connector: FC/APC
k) RF Input Connector: F
l) RF Input Adjustment Range: 4dB
m)Optical Output: FC/APC Standard,
SC/APC Optional
n) RF Input Indicator: Tri-color LED
114
MICM-45D
(See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53 )
The modulator shall be a channelized audio/video modulator. The unit will be equipped with CalmTones, a feature utilizing
audio AGC circuitry to eliminate loudness variations between program sources. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for
superior RFI protection and heat dissipation. The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync
video source and 140 mV RMS audio source to a CATV channel from 2 to 135. The modulator shall have front panel controls
for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue
MICM-45D and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
MICM-45DS
(See pages: 9, 19, 27. 31, 38, 47, 51, 53)
The modulator shall be a channelized stereo audio/video modulator. The unit will be equipped with CalmTones, a feature
utilizing audio AGC circuitry to eliminate loudness variations between program sources. It shall have a modular die cast chassis
for superior RFI protection and heat dissipation.
The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and left and right line level stereo
audio source to a CATV channel from 2 to 135. The modulator shall have front panel controls for video, audio modulation
levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MICM-45DS and shall meet or
exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Broadband Noise: -90 dBc
Stereo Separation: 25 dB @1KHz
MIDM-806C
(See pages: 38. 56 )
The demodulator shall be frequency agile, modular in style and built in a die cast chassis. The demodulator shall demodulate
NTSC, HRC or IRC cable TV channels to 1 volt peak to peak video and audio signals. The channel tuning shall be via front
panel up-down push button channel switches and 2 digit LED display. It shall have a front panel channel mode switch to select
off-air or CATV channels. There shall be RF AGC circuitry to compensate for input level variations. The demodulator shall be
equal to Blonder Tongue MIDM 806C and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Frequency Range: 54 to 88, 108 to 806 MHz
Input Level: +2 to 12 dBmV (CATV input)
Video Output Level : 1 V p-p
Audio Output Level: 1 V p-p
115
MIRC-4D
(See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53, 56 )
The rack chassis and UL Listed power supply shall provide four modular slots for mounting and powering compatible UL
Recognized components. The rack chassis shall use 1RU of 19 inch rack space. The rack chassis shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue MIRC-4D, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
Power Requirements:
Input: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz
Output: 5 VDC &12 VDC @ 1.8 A
Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C
c) Size (W x H x D): 19 X 1.75 x 8.25 in.
(See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53, 56 )
MIRC-12V/MIPS-12D
The rack chassis and UL Listed power supply shall provide 12 modular slots for mounting and powering compatible UL
Recognized components. The rack chassis shall use 2RU of a 19 inch rack space. The rack chassis and power supply shall be
equal to Blonder Tongue MIRC-12 and MIPS-12C, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Power Requirements:
Input: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz
Output: 5 VDC @ 7.0 A, 12 VDC @ 4.5 A
b) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C
c) Size (W x H x D): 19 x 3.5 x 7.5 in.
MPG-1100
(See page: 85 )
A high-speed broadband Internet access solution over coaxial cable shall be equal to Blonder Tongue’s MPG-1100 and shall
meet or exceed the following specifications:
g) Symbol Rate: 1 to 4 Msym/sec
a)10/100 BaseT Ethernet Port
WAN/LAN Interface
h) Bandwidth: 1.15 to 6.9 MHz
b) Remote or Local provisioning and control
i) Spurious: -60 dBc
c) Frequency Range D/S: 40 to 80 MHz
j) Receive Range: -10 to +15 dBmV
d) Frequency Range U/S: 5 to 32 MHz
e) Output Level: +50 dBmV
f) Modulation Type: QAM 64
MPO-ESM-XX
(See page: 85 )
A high-speed broadband Internet access solution over coaxial cable shall be equal to Blonder Tongue’s MPO-ESM-XX Series
and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) MAC Address Identifier
h) Receive Range: -10 to +40 dBmV
b) In/Out Coaxial Female F Connector
i) Frequency Range D/S:
i) MPO-ESM-52 — 48 to 56 MHz
c) 10BaseT RJ-45 Receptacle
ii) MPO-ESM-70 — 64 to 76 MHz
d) Transmission Level: +48 dBmV Max.
j) Frequency Range U/S: 5 to 32 MHz
e) Modulation Type: QPSK
f) Symbol Rate: 1.5 to 3 Msym/sec
g) Bandwidth: 1.875 to 3.75 MHz
116
MSBC
(See page: 56)
The sub band block converter shall be housed in a modular die cast chassis. It shall accept sub band input channels T7-T13
and convert them to VHF highband channels 7 to 13. The sub band converter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MSBC and
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Input Frequency Range: 5.75-47.75 MHz
Output Frequency Range: 174-216 MHz
Recommended Input Level: 0 to +20 dBmV
Conversion Gain: 3 dB
Flatness: 1.5 dB PV
Input Return Loss: 15 dB
h) Output Return Loss: 17 dB
MUX-12A-IP
(See page: 67 )
The multiplexer shall accept up to twelve (12) unencrypted MPEG-2/H.264 inputs in ASI format and multiplex them
into up to four (4) MPEG-2/H.264 Multi-Program Transport Streams (MPTS) which are then encapsulated and assigned
to up to four (4) IPv4 addresses in 1000Base-T Ethernet (GigE) format suitable for distribution over Cat-5 networks. Any
two (2) of the four (4) MPTS output streams are also available in ASI format.
The multiplexer shall be EAS-compliant (Emergency Alert System) allowing the operator to assign ASI port #12 as an EAS
input which, when activated, will override the content of all other ASI inputs. Comprehensive remote monitoring and
control capability shall be included via a GUI-based interface using any standard web browser. The multiplexer shall be
equal to Blonder Tongue MUX-12A-IP and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Input
d) Audio
i) Output Format: Dolby® Digital AC3,
ii) Format: DVB-ASI
MPEG-1 Layer 2, AAC
ii) Audio Services per prog: 3 max
b) Output
e) Size (W x D x H) 19.0 x 16.875 x 1.625 in.
i) GigE
f) Power: 115 o 230 VAC/ 50 to 60 Hz
(1) Connectors: 1x RJ45
g) Power Dissipation: 17W
(2) 1000Base-T Ethernet
(3) UDP/ RTP: Supported
(4) Data Throughput: 214 Mbps
(5) Address Assignment: 4x IPv4 addresses
& port numbers
ii) ASI
(1) Connectors: 1x BNC (front and rear)
(2) Output Assignment: Any 1 of 4 MPTS
output streams per connector
(3) Format: DVB-ASI
(4) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9
c) Video
i) No. of progs per ASI input: 20 max
ii) No. of progs in GigE output: 20 max
iii) No. of MPTS: 4 max
iv) No. of PID per prog: 10 per SPTS including PAT, PMT, PSIP
v) PID Management: Editing/re-mapping allowed
vi) PAT: Supported
vii) PMT: Supported
viii) VCT: Supported
ix) MGT: Supported
117
MUX-2D-QAM
(See page: 25 )
The 8VSB/QAM multiplexer shall accept two digital channels received in either 8VSB or QAM format and provide a
single QAM output channel for delivery over a standard coaxial distribution network. It shall provide the capability to
filter program streams and to assign major/minor or a single 4-digit channel number to each program.
It shall also be Emergency Alert System (EAS) compliant, providing program switching to an EAS (ASI) message when
triggered on its terminal strip contacts. The 8VSB/QAM multiplexer shall have an EAS (ASI) output, enabling the input
source to be shared across multiple units without the need for external splitting and amplification by looping them all
together. The 8VSB/QAM Multiplexer shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MUX-2D-QAM and shall meet or exceed the
a) Input
i) Connectors:
(1) 8VSB/QAM: 2x "F" Female
(2) EAS: 1x BNC Female
ii) 8VSB Mode:
(1) Standard:
ATSC Digital Television A/53E
(2) Tuning Range: UHF (Ch. 14-69)
(3) Data Rate: 19.392 Mbps
iii) QAM Mode:
(1) Standard: ITU-T J.83
(2) Tuning Range: CATV Ch. 2-135
(3) Data Rate: 38.8 Mbps
iv) Emergency Alert System:
(1) Standard: DVB-ASI; EN 50083-9
(2) Transport Rate: Single prog. at 3 Mbps
(3) Level Range: 720 to 950 mVpp
b) Output
i) GigE
(1) Connectors: 1x "F" Female
(2) QAM Modulation Modes:
16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024
(3) DVB Symbol Rate: Variable;
1 to 7 Msymbols/sec
(4) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz
(5) QAM Tuning: CATV Ch. 2-135
(6) RF Level Adjustment Range:
35 to 45 dBmV
(7) Phase Noise: -98 dBc (@10 kHz)
(8) Spurious: -60 dBc
(9) Broadband Noise: -75 dBC
(11) SNR: Greater than 40 dB
(12) MER: Greater than 40 dB
(13) EAS Looped Output
(i) Connector: 1x BNC Female
(ii) Standard: ASI
(iii) Trigger Mechanism: 5-12 VDC
c) General
(1) Dimensions (W x D x H):
19.0 x 14.3 x 1.75 inches
(2) Power: 105 to 240 VAC/ 50 to 60 Hz
(3) Power Dissipation: 36 W
:
118
PS-1526
(See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )
The indoor power supply for powering pre-amplifiers shall be a combination of power supply and power inserter. The unit shall
be capable of wall mounting and contain an auxiliary AC outlet. The power supply shall insert –21 VDC on to one coaxial cable,
and shall have a fused input to protect the connected electronics. The power supplies shall be equal to Blonder Tongue PS-1526,
a)
b)
c)
d)
Insertion Loss:
i) 10 to 300 MHz: 0.3 dB Maximum
ii) 470 to 806 MHz: 0.5 dB Maximum
Return Loss:
i) 10 to 300 MHz: 26 dB Minimum
ii) 470 to 806 MHz: 22 dB Minimum
Impedance: 75 Ω
Output Voltage: -21 VDC
e)
e)
f)
PS-1536
Current at 105 VAC: 40 mA
Isolation
i) Adjacent Ports: 25 dB Minimum
(See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )
The indoor power supply for powering pre-amplifiers shall be a combination of power supply and power inserter. The unit
shall be capable of wall mounting and contain an auxiliary AC outlet. The power supply shall insert –21 VDC on to two coaxial
cables, and shall have a fused input to protect the connected electronics. The power supplies shall be equal to Blonder Tongue
PS-1536, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
Insertion Loss:
i) 10 to 300 MHz: 0.2 dB Maximum
ii) 470 to 806 MHz: 0.2 dB Maximum
d) Impedance: 75 Ω
e) Output Voltage: -21 VDC
f) Current at 105 VAC: 100 mA
119
QTM
(See page: 15 )
The QAM Transcoder shall consist of a scalable modular design that allows from one to eight transcoder module units
as well as a single combination power supply & control module to be housed in a 3RU rack chassis. The transcoder
modules are to be compatible with DVB satellite signals (ITU-T J.83 Annex A) from EchoStar’s DISH Network™ & Bell
Canada’s ExpressVu as well as DigiCipher® II satellite signals (ITU-T J.83 Annex B) from Comcast Media Center’s and
Shaw Broadcast Service’s HITS QT and QT Plus programs. Several module types are available to permit the reception of QPSK based signals for SD (standard definition) and 8PSK based signals for HD (high definition) as well as
Null Packet processing required for various transponders. The QAM transcoder module shall be equal to the Blonder
Tongue QTM Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a) Satellite QPSK/8PSK Input
i) Input Frequency Range: Agile 950-2150 MHz
ii) Bandwidth: up to 36 MHz
iii) Frequency Step: 1 MHz
iv) Capture Range: ±5 MHz
v) Input Level Range: -65 to -20 dBm
vi) FEC Decoding: DVB/DigiCipher® II
vii) Symbol Rate: 2 to 45 Msps
viii) Code Rate: Viterbi Auto Recognition
b) QAM Output
i) Output Frequency Range: Agile 54-860 MHz (CATV 2-135)
ii) QAM Bandwidth: Variable
iii) Frequency Step: 6 MHz
iv) Output Level: +40 dBmV (Average Measurement)
v) Modulation Mode: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 & 1024 QAM (8PSK & 256 QAM Capable with QTM-HD) (8PSK & 512/1024 QAM capable with QTM-HD Plus) (8PSK, 256 QAM & Null Packeting with QTM-HD-NPU)
vi) Symbol Rate: Variable rate QAM up to 12.5 Mbaud
vii) QAM SNR: >40 dB
viii) MER: 40-43 dB
viii) Spurious: -60 dBc
ix) Broadband Noise: -75 dBc min. (4 MHz BW @40 dBmV)
x) Phase Noise @ 10 kHz: -90 dBc
c) Mechanical
i) Chassis Dimensions (W x H x D): 5.25 x 19.0 x 12 inches
ii) Dimensions (W x H x D): 5.25 x 10.625 x 1.5 inches
iii) Power: 100 to 265 VAC, 1A
120
RMDA-550-30P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 77)
The headend launch amplifiers shall be housed in an industry standard 19” EIA rack mountable enclosure. The amplifiers shall
employ power doubling hybrid circuitry for forward path amplification and be UL listed. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue RMDA-550-30P, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Flatness: ±0.75 dB
Gain: 33 dB
Test Ports:
Return Loss:
RMDA-750-30P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 77)
j) Hum Modulation: -70 dB
b) Flatness: ±1.00 dB
k) Number of Channels: 110
l) Output Level:
c) Gain: 31 dB
d) Manual Gain Control Range: 15 dB
e) Manual Slope Control Range: 10 dB
f) Test Ports:
m) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -66 dB
n) Cross Modulation: -67 dB
o) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hz
p) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C
g) Return Loss:
h) Impedance: 75 Ω
i) Noise Figure: 7.0 dB Maximum
121
RMDA-860-30P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77)
h) Impedance: 75 Ω
b) Flatness: ±1.00 dB
i) Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximum
c) Gain: 31 dB
j) Hum Modulation: -70 dB
d) Manual Gain Control Range: 15 dB
k) Number of Channels: 129
e) Manual Slope Control Range: 10 dB
l) Output Level:
f) Test Ports:
m) Composite Triple Beat Distortion: -61 dB
g) Return Loss:
n) Cross Modulation: -59 dB
o) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hz
p) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C
RMDA-860-43P
(See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Flatness: ±1.00 dB
Gain: 43 dB
Test Ports:
Return Loss:
122
RMDA-86A-30
(See pages: 35, 43, 75, 76, 77, 78 )
The distribution amplifiers shall be housed in an industry standard 19” EIA rack mountable enclosure.
The amplifiers shall employ push pull hybrid circuitry for both forward and return path amplification.
The amplifier shall be field selectable for either active or passive reverse path operation. The amplifier shall have optional
plug-in equalizer and attenuator capability for input signal conditioning. The unit shall be powered via an external UL listed
26 VAC power supply. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue RMDA-86A-30, and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
b) Return Passband: 5 to 40 MHz
c) Flatness: ±1.00 dB (Fwd), ±0.5 dB (Rev)
d) Gain: 32 dB (Fwd), 22 dB (Rev)
e) Manual Gain Control Range:
10 dB (Fwd), 18 dB (Rev)
f) Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dB (Fwd)
i) Impedance: 75 Ω
j)Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximum (Fwd), 6.0 dB (Rev)
l) Number of Channels (Fwd): 129
m) Output Level (Fwd):
n) Composite Triple Beat Distortion: -58 dB
RPR-8
(See page: 87 )
The remote power reset unit shall be housed in a 1RU chassis and provide two independently switched AC receptacles.
Switching can be done either manually or on a scheduled basis. The remote power reset unit shall be equal to Blonder Tongue
RPR-8, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Operating Voltage: 120 VAC
Current Capacity: 15 A (total)
Control Interface: Ethernet (RJ45) Depending on Model
Number of Controlled Outlets: 8
Control: Via Standard Explorer Browser
Sensing Features: Total Current, Ambient, Temperature
SCMA-Ub
(See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )
The single channel, UHF preamplifiers shall be two piece construction to allow optimum placement
of the amplifier in relation to the antenna. The amplifier shall be housed in a rugged, mast mount,
die-cast housing and have a -20 dB backmatched test port. The single channel, UHF preamplifiers shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue SCMA-Ub with power supply PS-1526 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gain: 24 dB Minimum
Input Capability: -10.5 to +35 dBmV per channel
Noise Figure: 2.5 dB Maximum
123
SMR-1600
(See page: 9 )
The indoor, 16 port satellite multiswitch shall be constructed in a rack mounted housing to ensure proper mounting in headend
applications. The multiswitches should have dedicated +13V and +18V input ports, and sixteen output ports. All connectors
shall be type F. The 16 port satellite multiswitch shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SMR-1600 and shall meet or exceed the
b) Isolation: 20 dB Minimum
c) Insertion Loss: 4 dB Maximum
SRT
(See pages: 37, 38, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77, 85 )
The indoor, one port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI
shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘T’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding
shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, one port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue SRT and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
b) Isolation Output to Tap: 18 dB Minimum across all tap values
c) Tap Values Required: 30, 27, 24, 20, 16, 12, 9, 6, 4 dB
d) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum
SRT-2A
(See pages: 37, 38, 75, 76, 77, 85)
The indoor, two port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI
shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘L’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding
shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, two port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue SRT-2A and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Isolation:
i) Output to Tap: 22 dB Minimum across all tap values
ii) Tap to Tap: 22 dB Minimum
Tap Values Required: 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11, 8, 4 dB
RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum
SRT-4A
(See pages: 37, 38 75, 76, 77, 85 )
The indoor, four port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI
shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘L’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding
shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, one port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder
Tongue SRT-4A and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Isolation:
ii) Tap to Tap: 22 dB Minimum
Tap Values Required: 35, 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11, 8 dB
124
SRT-8A
(See pages: 37, 38, 75, 76, 77, 85)
The indoor, eight port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered
back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘L’ style construction and the connectors
on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress.
The indoor, eight port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SRT-8A and shall meet or exceed the following
specifications:
a)
b)
c)
Isolation:
i) Tap to Tap: 24 dB Minimum
Tap Values Required: 35, 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11 dB
d) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum
SXRS-2
(See pages: 51, 53, 75, 76 )
The indoor, two-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to
ensure high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an in-line connector orientation, and the connectors
The indoor, two-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-2 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
SXRS-3
The indoor, three-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure
high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an in-line connector orientation, and the connectors on
the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress.
The indoor, three-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-3 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
SXRS-4
(See pages: 25, 27, 31, 33, 63, 65, 75, 78)
The indoor, four-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to
ensure high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an in-line connector orientation, and the connectors
The indoor, four-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-4 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum
125
SXRS-8
(See page: 75)
The indoor, eight-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding.
The splitter should have an ‘L-style’ connector orientation, and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall
be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, eight-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-8
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
TF-GF-FT
(See pages: 75, 76. 77, 78, 85)
The wall plate shall be designed to fit all standard single-gang electrical boxes. It shall have a “G/F” style feed thru connector
mounted in the center of a steel cover plate. The cover plate shall be painted a textured ivory. The wall plate shall have high
RFI shielding characteristics for CATV applications. The wall plate shall be equal to Blonder Tongue TF-GF-FT.
TVCB-PC
(See page: 43 )
The TV channel blocker shall provide 40 channel blocking capability from channel 2 to 86 (54-600 MHz) with a passband up to
860 MHz. The blocker shall have push button controls and an LED display for setting the channels to be blocked. The blocker’s
enclosure shall provide tamper protection on the RF connections and have provisions for locking to prevent unauthorized
access. The channel blocker shall be equal to Blonder Tongue TVCB-PC and shall meet or exceed the following specifications.
g) Return Path Bandwidth: 5 to 40 MHz
a) Bandwidth: 54 to 860 MHz
h) Return Path Gain: - 2 dB
b) Nominal Gain: 1.5 dB
i) Number of Jamming c) Flatness: ±1.5 dB
Oscillators: 8 (54 - 600 MHz)
d) Return Loss: 16 dB
j)RF Leakage: Complies with FCC Part 76, Sub part K
e)Output Level (when input is 9 dBmV @54 MHz;
k) Power Requirements Voltage: 37-95 VAC
15 dBmV @ 600 MHz):
l) Current Consumption @ 60 VAC IN: 200 mA
i) 54 MHz: 10 dBmV
m) Operating Temperature ii) 600 MHz: 16 dBmV
Range: -40° to +60° C
iii) 750 MHz: 17 dBmV
n) Relative Humidity: 5-100 %
iv) 860 MHz: 18 dBmV
o)Housing - Dimensions:
f) Distortions (@ 77 Channel Loading):
9.5 x 4.0 x 10.0 in., (L x H x W)
i) CTB: -60 dBc
p) Connectors: “F” Type, Female
ii) CSO: -60 dBc
iii) Spurious: -60 dBc
iv) C/N: 59 dB
V-1GF-FT
(See pages: 75, 76, 85)
The wall plate shall be designed to fit all standard electrical boxes. It shall have a “G/F” feed thru connector
mounted on a steel back plate for mechanical strength. The wall plate shall have a duplex style plastic ivory
filler plate and requires a standard duplex cover plate to finish it off. The wall plate shall have
high RFI shielding characteristics for CATV applications. The wall plate shall be equal to Blonder Tongue V-1GF-FT.
126
Frequency Charts (CATV, Analog)
CATV Channels
Chan.
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
2
3
4
A8
5
6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
J
K
L
EIA
Chan.
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
02
03
04
01
05
06
95
96
97
98*
99*
14*
15*
16*
17
18
19
20
21
22
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
23
24*
25*
Standard
Video
Audio
7.0000
11.5000
13.0000
17.5000
19.0000
23.5000
25.0000
29.5000
31.0000
35.5000
37.0000
41.5000
43.0000
47.5000
49.0000
53.5000
55.2500
59.7500
61.2500
65.7500
67.2500
71.7500
NA
NA
77.2500
81.7500
83.2500
87.7500
91.2500
95.7500
97.2500
101.7500
103.2500
107.7500
109.2750
113.7750
115.2750
119.7750
121.2625
125.7625
127.2625
131.7625
133.2625
137.7625
139.2500
143.7500
145.2500
149.7500
151.2500
155.7500
157.2500
161.7500
163.2500
167.7500
169.2500
173.7500
175.2500
179.7500
181.2500
185.7500
187.2500
191.7500
193.2500
197.7500
199.2500
203.7500
205.2500
209.7500
211.2500
215.7500
217.2500
221.7500
223.2500
227.7500
229.2625
233.7625
Incremental
Video
Audio
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
55 2625
59.7625
61.2625
65.7625
67.2625
71.7625
73.2625
77.7625
79.2625
83.7625
85.2625
89.7625
91.2625
95.7625
97.2625
101.7625
103.2625
107.7625
109.2750
113.7750
115.2750
119.7750
121.2625
125.7625
127.2625
131.7625
133.2625
137.7625
139.2625
143.7625
145.2625
149.7625
151.2625
155.7625
157.2625
161.7625
163.2625
167.7625
169.2625
173.7625
175.2625
179.7625
181.2625
185.7625
187.2625
191.7625
193.2625
197.7625
199.2625
203.7625
205.2625
209.762
211.2625
215.7625
217.2625
221.7625
223.2625
227.7625
229.2625
233.7625
Harmonic
Video
Audio
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
54.0027
58.5027
60.0030
64.5030
66.0033
70.5030
72.0036
76.5036
78.0039
82.5039
84.0042
88.5042
90.0045
94.5045
96.0048
100.5048
102.0051
106.5051
Cannot lock to comb
ref: refer to FCC regs
120.0060
124.5060
126.0063
130.5063
132.0066
136.5066
138.0069
142.5069
144.0072
148.5072
150.0075
154.5075
156.0078
160.5078
162.0081
166.5081
168.0084
172.5084
174.0087
178.5087
180.0090
184.5090
186.0093
190.5093
192.0096
196.5096
198.0099
202.5099
204.0102
208.5102
210.0105
214.5105
216.0108
220.5108
222.0111
226.5111
228.0114
232.5114
* Means aeronautical channels visual carrier frequency tolerance ± 5KHz
127
CATV Channels
EIA
Chan.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
AA
BB
CC
DD
EE
FF
GG
HH
II
JJ
KK
LL
MM
NN
00
PP
QQ
RR
SS
TT
UU
VV
WW
XX
YY
ZZ
AAA
Chan.
26*
27*
28*
29*
30*
31*
32*
33*
34*
35*
36*
37*
38*
39*
40*
41*
42*
43*
44*
45*
46*
47*
48*
49*
50*
51*
52*
53*
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Standard
Video
235.2625
241.2625
247.2625
253.2625
259.2625
265.2625
271.2625
277.2625
283.2625
289.2625
295.2625
301.2625
307.2625
313.2625
319.2625
325.2625
331.2750
337.2625
343.2625
349.2625
355.2625
361.2625
367.2625
373.2625
379.2625
385.2625
391.2625
397.2625
403.2500
409.2500
415.2500
421.2500
427.2500
433.2500
439.2500
445.2500
451.2500
457.2500
Audio
239.7625
245.7625
251.7625
257.7625
263.7625
269.7625
275.7625
281.7625
287.7625
293.7625
299.7625
305.7625
311.7625
317.7625
323.7625
329.7625
335.7750
341.7625
347.7625
353.7625
359.7625
365.7625
371.7625
377.7625
383.7625
389.7625
395.7625
401.7625
407.7500
413.7500
419.7500
425.7500
431.7500
437.7500
443.7500
449.7500
455.7500
461.7500
Incremental
Video
235.2625
241.2625
247.2625
253.2625
259.2625
265.2625
271.2625
277.2625
283.2625
289.2625
295.2625
301.2625
307.2625
313.2625
319.2625
325.2625
331.2750
337.2625
343.2625
349.2625
355.2625
361.2625
367.2625
373.2625
379.2625
385.2625
391.2625
397.2625
403.2625
409.2625
415.2625
421.2625
427.2625
433.2625
439.2625
445.2625
451.2625
457.2625
Audio
239.7625
245.7625
251.7625
257.7625
263.7625
269.7625
275.7625
281.7625
287.7625
293.7625
299.7625
305.7625
311.7625
317.7625
323.7625
329.7625
335.7750
341.7625
347.7625
353.7625
359.7625
365.7625
371.7625
377.7625
383.7625
389.7625
395.7625
401.7625
407.7625
413.7625
419.7625
425.7625
431.7625
437.7625
443.7625
449.7625
455.7625
461.7625
Harmonic
Video
234.0117
240.0120
246.0123
252.0126
258.0129
264.0132
270.0135
276.0138
282.0141
288.0144
294.0147
300.0150
306.0153
312.0156
318.0159
324.0162
330.0165
336.0168
342.0168
348.0168
354.0168
360.0168
366.0168
372.0168
378.0168
384.0168
390.0168
396.0168
402.0201
408.0204
414.0207
420.0210
426.0213
432.0216
438.0219
444.0222
450.0225
456.0228
Audio
238.5117
244.5120
250.5123
256.5126
262.5129
268.5132
274.5135
280.5138
286.5141
292.5144
298.5147
304.5150
310.5153
316.5156
322.5159
328.5162
334.5165
340.5168
346.5168
352.5168
358.5168
364.5168
370.5168
376.5168
382.5168
388.5168
394.5168
400.5168
406.5201
412.5204
418.5207
424.5210
430.5213
436.5216
442.5219
448.5222
454.5225
460.5228
128
CATV Channels
EIA
Chan.
BBB
CCC
DDD
EEE
FFF
GGG
HHH
III
JJJ
KKK
LLL
MMM
NNN
000
PPP
-
Chan.
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
Standard
Video
463.2500
469.2500
475.2500
481.2500
487.2500
493.2500
499.2500
505.2500
511.2500
517.2500
523.2500
529.2500
535.2500
541.2500
547.2500
553.2500
559.2500
565.2500
571.2500
577.2500
583.2500
589.2500
595.2500
601.2500
607.2500
613.2500
619.2500
625.2500
631.2500
637.2500
643.2500
649.2500
655.2500
661.2500
667.2500
673.2500
679.2500
685.2500
Audio
467.7500
473.7500
479.7500
485.7500
491.7500
497.7500
503.7500
509.7500
515.7500
521.7500
527.7500
533.7500
539.7500
545.7500
551.7500
557.7500
563.7500
569.7500
575.7500
581.7500
587.7500
593.7500
599.7500
605.7500
611.7500
617.7500
623.7500
629.7500
635.7500
641.7500
647.7500
653.7500
659.7500
665.7500
671.7500
677.7500
683.7500
689.7500
Incremental
Video
463.2625
469.2625
475.2625
481.2625
487.2625
493.2625
499.2625
505.2625
511.2625
517.2625
523.2625
529.2625
535.2625
541.2625
547.2625
553.2625
559.2625
565.2625
571.2625
577.2625
583.2625
589.2625
595.2625
601.2625
607.2625
613.2625
619.2625
625.2625
631.2625
637.2625
643.2625
649.2625
655.2625
661.2625
667.2625
673.2625
679.2625
685.2625
Audio
467.7625
473.7625
479.7625
485.7625
491.7625
497.7625
503.7625
509.7625
515.7625
521.7625
527.7625
533.7625
539.7625
545.7625
551.7625
557.7625
563.7625
569.7625
575.7625
581.7625
587.7625
593.7625
599.7625
605.7625
611.7625
617.7625
623.7625
629.7625
635.7625
641.7625
647.7625
653.7625
659.7625
665.7625
671.7625
677.7625
683.7625
689.7625
Harmonic
Video
462.0231
468.0234
474.0237
480.0240
486.0243
492.0246
498.0249
504.0252
510.0255
516.0258
522.0261
528.0264
534.0267
540.0270
546.0273
552.0276
558.0279
564.0282
570.0285
576.0288
582.0291
588.0294
594.0297
600.0300
606.0303
612.0306
618.0309
624.0312
630.0315
636.0318
642.0321
648.0324
654.0327
660.0330
666.0333
672.0336
678.0339
684.0342
Audio
466.5231
472.5234
478.5237
484.5240
490.5243
496.5246
502.5249
508.5252
514.5255
520.5258
526.5261
532.5264
538.5267
544.527C
550.5273
556.5276
562.5279
568.5282
574.5285
580.5288
586.5291
592.5294
598.5297
604.5300
610.5303
616.5306
622.5309
628.5312
634.5315
640.5318
646.5321
652.5324
658.5327
664.5330
670.5333
676.5336
682.5339
688.5342
129
CATV Channels
EIA
Chan.
-
Chan.
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
Standard
Video
691.2500
697.2500
703.2500
709.2500
715.2500
721.2500
727.2500
733.2500
739.2500
745.2500
751.2500
757.2500
763.2500
769.2500
775.2500
781.2500
787.2500
793.2500
799.2500
805.2500
811.2500
817.2500
823.2500
829.2500
835.2500
841.2500
847.2500
853.2500
859.2500
865.2500
871.2500
877.2500
883.2500
889.2500
895.2500
901.2500
907.2500
Audio
695.7500
701.7500
707.7500
713.7500
719.7500
725.7500
731.7500
737.7500
743.7500
749.7500
755.7500
761.7500
767.7500
773.7500
779.7500
785.7500
791.7500
797.7500
803.7500
809.7500
815.7500
821.7500
827.7500
833.7500
839.7500
845.7500
851.7500
857.7500
863.7500
869.7500
875.7500
881.7500
887.7500
893.7500
899.7500
905.7500
911.7500
Incremental
Video
691.2625
697.2625
703.2625
709.2625
715.2625
721.2625
727.2625
733.2625
739.2625
745.2625
751.2625
757.2625
763.2625
769.2625
775.2625
781.2625
787.2625
793.2625
799.2625
805.2625
811.2625
817.2625
823.2625
829.2625
835.2625
841.2625
847.2625
853.2625
859.2625
865.2625
871.2625
877.2625
883.2625
889.2625
895.2625
901.2625
907.2625
130
Audio
695.7625
701.7625
707.7625
713.7625
719.7625
725.7625
731.7625
737.7625
743.7625
749.7625
755.7625
761.7625
767.7625
773.7625
779.7625
785.7625
791.7625
797.7625
803.7625
809.7625
815.7625
821.7625
827.7625
833.7625
839.7625
845.7625
851.7625
857.7625
863.7625
869.7625
875.7625
881.7625
887.7625
893.7625
899.7625
905.7625
911.7625
Harmonic
Video
690.0345
696.0348
702.0351
708.0354
714.0357
720.0360
726.0363
732.0366
738.0369
744.0372
750.0375
756.0378
762.0381
768.0384
774.0387
780.0390
786.0393
792.0396
798.0399
804.0402
810.0405
816.0408
822.0411
828.0414
834.0417
840.0420
846.0423
852.0426
858.0429
864.0432
870.0435
876.0438
882.0441
888.0444
894.0447
900.0450
906.0453
Audio
694.5345
700.5348
706.5351
712.5354
718.5357
724.5360
730.5363
736.5366
742.5369
748.5372
754.5375
760.5378
766.5381
772.5384
778.5387
784.5390
790.5393
796.5396
802.5399
808.5402
814.5405
820.5408
826.5411
832.5414
838.5417
844.5420
850.5423
856.5426
862.5429
868.5432
874.5435
880.5438
886.5441
892.5444
898.5447
904.5450
910.5453
CATV Channels
EIA
Chan.
-
Chan.
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
Standard
Video
913.2500
919.2500
925.2500
931.2500
937.2500
943.2500
949.2500
955.2500
961.2500
967.2500
973.2500
979.2500
985.2500
991.2500
997.2500
Audio
917.7500
923.7500
929.7500
935.7500
941.7500
947.7500
953.7500
959.7500
965.7500
971.7500
977.7500
983.7500
989.7500
995.7500
1001.7500
Incremental
Video
913.2625
919.2625
925.2625
931.2625
937.2625
943.2625
949.2625
955.2625
961.2625
967.2625
973.2625
979.2625
985.2625
991.2625
997.2625
131
Audio
917.7625
923.7625
929.7625
935.7625
941.7625
947.7625
953.7625
959.7625
965.7625
971.7625
977.7625
983.7625
989.7625
995.7625
1001.7625
Harmonic
Video
Audio
912.0456 916.5456
918.0459 922.5459
924.0462 928.5462
930.0465 934.5465
936.0468 940.5468
942.0471 946.547
948.0474 952.5474
954.0477 958.5477
960.0480 964.5480
966.0483 970.5483
972.0486 976.5486
978.0489 982.5489
984.0492 988.5492
990.0495 994.5495
996.0498 1000.5498
CATV, QAM Channel Center Frequency (54 MHz - 1000 MHz)
EIA
CH.
2
3
4
5
6
95
96
97
98
99
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
MHz
Center
Frequency
57
63
69
79
85
93
99
105
111
117
123
129
135
141
147
153
159
165
171
177
183
189
195
201
207
213
219
225
231
237
243
249
255
261
267
273
279
285
291
297
303
309
315
321
327
54
60
66
76
82
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
138
144
150
156
162
168
174
180
186
192
198
204
210
216
222
228
234
240
246
252
258
264
270
276
282
288
294
300
306
312
318
324
60
66
72
82
88
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
138
144
150
156
162
168
174
180
186
192
198
204
210
216
222
228
234
240
246
252
258
264
270
276
282
288
294
300
306
312
318
324
330
132
MHz
Center
Frequency
EIA
CH.
Bandwith
(MHz)
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
333
339
345
351
357
363
369
375
381
387
393
399
405
411
417
423
429
435
441
447
453
459
465
471
477
483
489
495
501
507
513
519
525
531
537
543
549
555
561
567
573
579
585
591
597
Bandwith
(MHz)
330
336
342
348
354
360
366
372
378
384
390
396
402
408
414
420
426
432
438
444
450
456
462
468
474
480
486
492
498
504
510
516
522
528
534
540
546
552
558
564
570
576
582
588
594
336
342
348
354
360
366
372
378
384
390
396
402
408
414
420
426
432
438
444
450
456
462
468
474
480
486
492
498
504
510
516
522
528
534
540
546
552
558
564
570
576
582
588
594
600
CATV, QAM Channel Center Frequency (54 MHz - 1000 MHz)
EIA
CH.
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
MHz
Center
Frequency
603
609
615
621
627
633
639
645
651
657
663
669
675
681
687
693
699
705
711
717
723
729
735
741
747
753
759
765
771
777
783
789
795
801
807
813
819
825
831
837
843
849
855
861
867
Bandwith
(MHz)
600
606
612
618
624
630
636
642
648
654
660
666
672
678
684
690
696
702
708
714
720
726
732
738
744
750
756
762
768
774
780
786
792
798
804
810
816
822
828
834
840
846
852
858
864
606
612
618
624
630
636
642
648
654
660
666
672
678
684
690
696
702
708
714
720
726
732
738
744
750
756
762
768
774
780
786
792
798
804
810
816
822
828
834
840
846
852
858
864
870
EIA
CH.
133
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
MHz
Center
Frequency
873
879
885
891
897
903
909
915
921
927
933
939
945
951
957
963
969
975
981
987
993
999
Bandwith
(MHz)
870
876
882
888
894
900
906
912
918
924
930
936
942
948
954
960
966
972
978
984
990
996
876
882
888
894
900
906
912
918
924
930
936
942
948
954
960
966
972
978
984
990
996
1002
Broadcast Channel Frequencies
DIGITAL
Broadcast
Channel
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
BW (MHz)
54
60
66
76
82
174
180
186
192
198
204
210
470
476
482
488
494
500
506
512
518
524
530
536
542
548
554
560
566
572
578
584
590
596
-
60
66
72
82
88
180
186
192
198
204
210
216
476
482
488
494
500
506
512
518
524
530
536
542
548
554
560
566
572
578
584
590
596
602
Center
Freq
(MHz)
57
63
69
79
85
177
183
189
195
201
207
213
473
479
485
491
497
503
509
515
521
527
533
539
545
551
557
563
569
575
581
587
593
599
DIGITAL
ANALOG
Visual
Carrier
Aural
Carrier
Broadcast
Channel
55.25
61.25
67.25
77.25
83.25
175.25
181.25
187.25
193.25
199.25
205.25
211.25
471.25
477.25
483.25
489.25
495.25
501.25
507.25
513.25
519.25
525.25
531.25
537.25
543.25
549.25
555.25
561.25
567.25
573.25
579.25
585.25
591.25
597.25
59.75
65.75
71.75
81.75
87.75
179.75
185.75
191.75
197.75
203.75
209.75
215.75
475.75
481.75
487.75
493.75
499.75
505.75
511.75
517.75
523.75
529.75
535.75
541.75
547.75
553.75
559.75
565.75
571.75
577.75
583.75
589.75
595.75
601.75
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
BW (MHz)
602
608
614
620
626
632
638
644
650
656
662
668
674
680
686
692
698
704
710
716
722
728
734
740
746
752
758
764
770
776
782
788
794
800
-
608
614
620
626
632
638
644
650
656
662
668
674
680
686
692
698
704
710
716
722
728
734
740
746
752
758
764
770
776
782
788
794
800
806
Center
Freq
(MHz)
605
611
617
623
629
635
641
647
653
659
665
671
677
683
689
695
701
707
713
719
725
731
737
743
749
755
761
767
773
779
785
791
797
803
ANALOG
Visual
Carrier
Aural
Carrier
603.25
609.25
615.25
621.25
627.25
633.25
639.25
645.25
651.25
657.25
663.25
669.25
675.25
681.25
687.25
693.25
699.25
705.25
711.25
717.25
723.25
729.25
735.25
741.25
747.25
753.25
759.25
765.25
771.25
777.25
783.25
789.25
795.25
801.25
607.75
613.75
619.75
625.75
631.75
637.75
643.75
649.75
655.75
661.75
667.75
673.75
679.75
685.75
691.75
697.75
703.75
709.75
715.75
721.75
727.75
733.75
739.75
745.75
751.75
757.75
763.75
769.75
775.75
781.75
787.75
793.75
799.75
805.75
UHF Channels 52-69 are no longer licensed for broadcast TV.
134
CATV Terms & Definitions
8VSB
Ampere
8VSB is the 8-level vestigial sideband modulation method adopted for
terrestrial broadcast by the ATSC digital television standard in the United
States, Canada, and other countries. The 6 MHz channel used for ATSC
broadcasts carries 19.39 Mbit/s of usable data.
Unit of electric current, or rate of flow of electricity. One coulomb per
second. One volt impressed across a resistance of one ohm causes a
current of one ampere to flow.
Absorption
The act of increasing the amplitude or strength of a signal.
In an optical fiber, loss of optical power resulting from conversion of that
power into heat.
Amplifier
Absorption Losses
Losses caused by impurities, principally transition metals and neighboring
elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), and also by water as well as intrinsic material
absorption.
Amplification
A device that accepts a signal at it’s input and presents that same signal,
without appreciable distortion, but at higher level amplitude, at its output.
CATV amplifiers pass and amplify a relatively wide spectrum.
Amplifier Spacing
See hum modulation.
The spacing in transmission loss, expressed in decibels, between cascaded,
or serially connected, amplifiers. Also sometimes used to denote the linear
cable distance between amplifiers in a system.
Acceptance Angle
Amplitude Modulation
Half the vertex angle of that cone within which optical power may be
coupled into bound modes of an optical waveguide.
A process whereby the amplitude of a single frequency carrier is varied in
accordance with the instantaneous values of a modulating wave.
Acceptance Cone
Analog Signal
A cone whose included angle is equal to twice the acceptance angle.
A signal which is continually variable and not expressed by discrete states
of amplitude, frequency, or phase.
AC Hum Modulation
Access List
List kept by routers to control access to or from the router for a number
of services.
Active
Angle of Incidence
The angle between an incident ray and the normal to a reflecting or
refracting surface.
Containing, or connected to and using, a source of energy.
Angstrom (A)
Address Mask
Bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the
network or subnet and which part refers to the host. mask.also subnet
mask.
10-11 meters. Its use as a unit of optical wavelength has largely been
supplanted in recent years by the nanometer (10-9 meter).
Administrative Distance
A single or multiple layer of thin dielectric coating that reduces the
reflectivity of an optical surface.
A rate of the trustworthiness of a routing information source. The higher
the value, the lower the trustworthiness rating.
Aerial Cable
Cable suspended in the air on poles or other overhead structures. Usually
implies the use of a "messenger strand" to which the cable is lashed for
support.
Anti-reflection Coating
Antenna Gain
The ratio, expressed in decibels, of the signal level received or transmitted
by an antenna, to the signal level received or transmitted by an isotropic
antenna at that same location which is subject to the same power level.
APD (See Avalanche Photodiode)
Alternating Current (AC)
Armored Cable
An electric current which continually varies in amount, and reverses its
direction periodically. The plot of current vs. time is usually a sine wave.
A cable having one or two layers of steel tapes or steel wires spirally applied
to the sheath to provide mechanical protection.
AML (Amplitude Modulated Link)
Application Layer
A registered trademark for microwave equipment that is manufactured by
Hughes Communications Products Co.
Layer 7 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides services to
application processes (such as electronic mail, file transfer, and terminal
emulation). Provides user authentication.
135
Asynchronous
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
Not synchronous.
A feature of some amplifiers and radio receivers which provides a
substantially constant output even though the signal input varies over
wide limits.
ATSC (Advanced Television System Committee)
A digital television format standard that will replace the US analog NTSC
television system by February 17, 2009. The high definition television
standards defined by the ATSC produce wide screen 16:9 images up to
1920×1080 pixels in size, more than six times the display resolution of
NTSC. In lieu of an HD broadcast, up to six standard-definition “virtual
channels” can be broadcast over a 6 MHz TV station.
Automatic Level Control (ALC)
See Automatic gain control.
Automatic Slope Control (ASC)
A circuit that controls the slope of an amplifier automatically. See Slope.
Attenuation
Avalanche Effect
The decrease in signal strength along a conductor, cable, or optical fiber.
In an optical fiber acting as a waveguide, it is caused by absorption and
scattering. This parameter is usually measured in decibels per kilometer.
The cumulative multiplication of carriers in a semiconductor caused
by an electric field across the barrier region strong enough so that
electrons collide with valence electrons, releasing new electrons which
have more collisions, which release more electrons, etc.
Attenuation-limited Operation
Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
The condition prevailing when the received signal amplitude rather than
distortion limits performance.
A photodiode designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of
photo-current. As the reverse-bias voltage approaches the breakdown
voltage, hole-electron pairs created by absorbed photons acquire
sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they
collide with substrate atoms; thus a multiplication effect is achieved.
Amplification is almost noiseless, and this makes APD's 10 to 15 dB
more sensitive than PIN photodiodes. The problems with APD's are:
temperature sensitivity, high reverse bias voltages (200 to 400 V to
achieve current multiplication of 100), and prices higher than PIN
photodiodes.
Attenuator
A device or network for reducing the amplitude of a signal without
introducing distortion. May be fixed or variable, with the loss introduced
expressed in decibels. Often called a pad.
AGC
Abbreviation for Automatic Gain Control. Units with this feature maintain
a constant output level when the input signal level varies within a specified
AGC range.
Axial Mode
Agile (Frequency Agile)
See longitudinal mode.
The capability to change channels quickly and easily, usually by setting
switches, i.e. agile modulator, agile processor.
Axial Ray
A ray passing through the axis of the optical waveguide without any
internal reflection.
Amplifier
Device used to increase strength of TV signals.
Azimuth
Attenuation
Reduction of signal strength.
Degrees clockwise from true north. For a compass heading a
correction for local magnetic deviation is required.
Attenuator
Azimuth-Elevation Mount
Device used to receive radiated electro-magnetic signals such as radio or
TV.
Two pivot system consisting of separate azimuth and elevation adjustments
for aiming a satellite antenna.
Atmosphere
Backscattering
The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth, composed of 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, plus some carbon dioxide and water vapor. The
atmosphere is divided into several layers, as follows:
The scattering of light in a direction generally reverse to the original one.
Troposphere:
Stratosphere:
Ionosphere:
Exosphere: 370 + miles
0-10
10-50
50-370
Balun
Acronym for Balanced- Unbalanced. Refers to a 75 ohm to 300 OHM
impedance matching transformer.
miles
miles
miles
Bandwidth
1. A range of frequencies (a portion of spectrum) defined by upper and
lower frequency limits.
136
2. T
he capacity of an optical fiber to transmit information expressed in
bits of information transmitted in a specific time period for a specific
length of optical waveguide. Usually expressed like 10 megabits/sec/
km. Bandwidth is limited by pulse spreading or broadening due to
dispersion, so that adjacent pulses overlap and cannot be distinguished.
length.
2. An acronym for "binary digit."
Bit-error Rate
3. T
he range of frequencies within which a fiber optic waveguide or
terminal device performs at a given specification.
In a digital communications system, the fraction of bits transmitted that are
received incorrectly. If BER is specified at 10(-9) (a typical value), then an
average of one bit per one billion sent will be read wrong by the receiver.
Bandwidth-limited Operation
Bit Rate
The condition prevailing when the system bandwidth, rather than the
amplitude (or power) of the signal, limits performance. The condition is
reached when the system distorts the shape of the wave form beyond
specified limits. For linear systems, bandwidth- limited operation is
equivalent to distortion -limited operation.
The speed at which digital information is transmitted, usually expressed
in bits per second.
Block Size
Beam Splitter
Bridge
A device that divides an incident beam into two or more separate beams.
Prisms, thin films, sheets of glass, and partially silvered mirrors can be used
to split a beam.
Beat
A device for connecting two segments of a network using identical protocols
to communicate and transmitting packets between them. Operates at the
Data Link layer, layer 2 of the OSI model. The purpose of the bridge is to filter,
send or flood any incoming frame, based on MAC address of that particular
frame.
1. T
o combine two carriers, so as to produce new sum and difference
frequency carriers.
Bridger Amplifier
2. A
carrier generated by two or more carriers which have been passed
through a non-linear circuit.
Bel
The fundamental division of a logarithmic scale for expressing the ratio of
two powers, which are in the ratio of one to ten. The Bel is an awkwardly
large unit, so the "decibel" (one-tenth of a Bel) is used instead.
Bi-directional
Having equal effectiveness in two directions which are separated by 180
degrees in azimuth.
Number of hosts that can be used in a subnet. Block sizes typically can be
used in increments of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128.
An amplifier introduced into a system to transition from low transmission
levels in the trunk sub-system, to higher transmission levels in the feeder
sub-system, of a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system. Also used to
provide signal feed points to feeder cables from trunk cables.
Brightness
An attribute of visual perception in accordance with which a source
appears to emit more or less light; since the eye is not equally sensitive to
all colors, brightness cannot be a quantitative measure.
Broadband Radio Service (BRS)
Binary
Formerly known as MDS (Multi-point Distribution System) is a microwave
service in the 2150-2162 MHz frequency range consisting of (2) 6 MHz
channels used to deliver analog premium TV channel(s) to subscribers.
These two channels are in a FCC transition process to be re-located to
2496-2502 MHz and 2618-2624 MHz. Advanced wireless services (AWS)
will eventually occupy the former MDS spectrum.
Having two possible states or values.
Broadcast Address
Binary Digit
Special address reserved for sending a message to all stations. Generally, a
broadcast address is a MAC destination address of all ones.
Bi-directional Transmission
Signal transmission in both directions along an optical waveguide or other
transmission medium.
One unit of information in binary (two-level) notation.
Broadcast Domain
Binary State
Either of the two conditions of a bi-stable device, the 11 one" state or the
"zero" state.
The set of all devices that will receive broadcast frames originating from
any device within the set. Broadcast domains are typically bounded by
routers because routers do not forward broadcast frames.
Bit
Buffer
1. A
n electrical or light pulse whose presence or absence indicates data.
The capacity of the optical waveguide to transmit information through
the waveguide without error is expressed in bits per second per unit
1. A
device used as an interface between two circuits or pieces of
equipment to reconcile their incompatibilities or to prevent variations
in one from affecting the other.
137
temperatures.
2. A
circuit used for transferring data from one unit to another when
temporary storage is required because of different operating speeds or
times of occurrence of events.
Carrier Transmission
A means of transmitting information electrically in which the transmitted
wave is a wave resulting from the modulation of a single- frequency
sinusoidal wave by a complex modulating wave.
Buffer Tube
An element that may be used to protect an optical fiber waveguide from
physical damage, providing mechanical isolation and protection.
Carrier Wave
Buried Cable
A cable installed directly in the earth without the use of underground
conduits.
The sinusoidal single-frequency wave which is modulated by a complex
intelligence wave (called the modulating wave) to obtain a modulated
wave capable of carrying much intelligence over a single channel.
Cabling
Cascade
1. T
he act of twisting together two or more wires, pairs, or pair groups by
machine to form a cable.
Term used when referring to amplifiers serially connected.
CATV
2. The act of installing distribution cable, particularly in a new area.
Community Antenna Television.
Cable Equalizer
Cavity
Device used to counter the effects of cable slope. Can be a stand alone device
or an optional plug-in module for an amplifier. dB values for equalizers can
be specified in two ways. First and most common is to specify the equalizer
dB value based upon the calculated high frequency loss of the cable run
to be equalized. The second way is to specify the dB value relating to
attenuation at 50 MHz as compared to upper frequency. Example: A 6 dB
450 MHz equalizer would have essentially 0 dB of insertion loss at 450 MHz
and gradually increase to its rated 6 dB at 50 MHz.
The volume (resonator) which provides feedback for
laser
oscillations.
The
most
common
configuration
consists of an active medium between two plane or curved mirrors, called
cavity mirrors or end mirrors.
C-Band
Range of microwave frequencies typically used in satellite uplink 5.9
to 6/4 GHz, downlink 3.7 to 4.2 GHz.
Cable Loss
CCTV
The reduction in signal level introduced by passing the signal (or signals)
through a length of cable, expressed in decibels.
Closed-Circuit Television. Television intended for controlled distribution
usually through cables.
Carrier
Cherry Picker
A sinusoidal current which can be modulated with intelligence for
communications purposes.
Type of headend system where a desired limited number of channels are
selected from a CATV feed, rather than distributing all of the available
CATV channels. This system is common in schools since it allows educators
to distribute only those channels deemed accomplished with heterodyne
signal processors.
Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N Ratio)
The difference in amplitude of a carrier, and the noise power that is present
in that portion of spectrum occupied by the carrier. See Noise.
CIDR
Carrier Frequency
CIDR allows routers to group routes together in order to cut down on the
quantity of routing information carried by the core routers. With CIDR,
several IP networks appear to networks outside the group as a single,
larger entity.
1. The frequency of an un-modulated carrier wave.
2. Any of the frequencies, which are suitable for, use as carriers.
Carrier System
Circuit Reliability
A method of transmitting electrical intelligence by modulating it onto
a higher frequency carrier wave, and then, at the receiving end,
recovering the original intelligence by the reverse process of demodulation.
Useful because many channels of intelligence can be modulated on one
carrier wave on a single transmission channel.
The percentage of time a circuit was available to the user during a specified
period of time.
Class A Network
Part of Internet Protocal hierarchical addressing scheme. Class A networks
have only 8 bits for defining networks and 24 bits for defining hosts and
subnets on each network.
Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR)
Ratio of carrier level to noise level measured in decibels. In TVRO systems
it is calculated from satellite power, antenna gain, and antenna/LNB noise
138
Class B Network
Conduit
Part of Internet Protocal hierarchical addressing scheme. Class B networks
have 16 bits for defining networks and 16 bits for defining hosts and
subnets on each network.
A pipe or tube, of tile, asbestos-cement, plastic or steel, which is placed
underground to form ducts through which cables can be passed.
Class C Network
Part of Internet Protocal hierarchical addressing scheme. Class A networks
have 24 bits for defining networks and 8 bits for defining hosts and subnets
on each network.
Classful Routing
Routing protocols that do not send subnet mask information when a route
update is sent.
Classless Routing
Routing protocols that send subnet mask information in the routing
updates. Classless Routing allows Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)
and supernetting.
Cladding
The low refractive index material, which surrounds the core of the fiber
and protects against surface contaminant scattering. In all-glass fibers the
cladding is glass. In plastic-clad silica fibers, the plastic cladding also may
serve as the coating.
Coaxial Cable
Two metallic conductors separated by a dielectric material, which share
the same axis.
Collimation
The process by which a divergent or convergent beam of radiation is
converted into a beam with the minimum divergence possible for that
system (ideally, a parallel bundle of rays).
Combiner
Device, which permits combining of several signals into one output with
a high degree of isolation between, inputs. Usually used for combining
outputs of processors and modulators. Combiners can be “passive”
(non-amplified output) or “active” (amplified output) with typically 8 or
12 input ports.
Community
In SNMP, a logical group of managed devices and NMSs in the same
administrative domain.
Community String
Text string that acts as a password and is used to authenticate messages
sent between a management station and a router containing a SNMP
agent. The community string is sent in every packet between the manager
and the agent.
Composite Triple Beat (CTB)
Spurious carriers that are generated by the sum and difference products of
any three carriers present, as many carriers are passed through a nonlinear
circuit or device. Composite triple beat is calculated as a voltage addition.
139
Connector
A reusable device for making temporary junctions between two optical
fibers.
Connectionless
Data transfer without the existence of a virtual circuit. It has low overhead,
uses best-effort delivery and is not reliable.
Connection-Oriented
Data transfer method that sets up a virtual circuit before any data is
transferred. Uses acknowledgement and flow control for reliable data
transfer.
Console
In SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), a software program
that has the capability of interacting with an agent, including examining
or changing the values of the data objects in the agent's Management
Information Base (MIB).
CONUS
Contiguous United States (48 states)
Converter
A circuit or device that changes the frequency of a carrier by heterodyning
it against a locally generated carrier. See Heterodyne.
Converter, Set Top
See Converter, subscribers.
Converter, Subscribers
A unit or device that changes the frequency of carriers delivered at a
subscriber's premises from a CATV system, to a carrier (or carriers) that
can be tuned, detected, and displayed by conventional television receivers
at the subscriber's premises.
Core
The light conducting portion of an optical waveguide. It is composed
of a high refractive index material made typically of silicon tetrachloride
(SiC14). The addition of germanium tetrachloride (GeC14) increases
the refractive index of the core and creates an index gradient along a
waveguide.
Core Diameter
The diameter of the circle that circumscribes the core area.
Cross Modulation
Interference created by operating equipment beyond limitations. In TV
broadband RF amplifiers it produces a “windshield wiper” interference on
the screen. In severe cases video content from another channel can be seen.
A unit of power. Decibels referred to a unit of one watt. Zero dBW = I Watt.
Couplers
In fiber optics, a device which links three or more fibers, providing two or
more paths for the transmission signal. In an "active" coupler, a switching
mechanism selects among several routes; in a "passive" coupler, routing is
determined by the geometry of the device.
Demodulator
Device that provides baseband audio and video outputs from a TV channel
input.
Detect
Cross-modulation (X-Mod)
To rectify a modulated carrier wave and thereby recover the original
modulating wave.
Modulation (intelligence or information) that is superimposed onto a
different modulated or un-modulated carrier, from another modulated
carrier that is present, when both signals are passed through a nonlinear
circuit.
Detection
The process by which a wave corresponding to the modulating wave is
obtained from a modulated wave.
Cycle
DHCP
One complete sequence of values of an alternating wave starting at zero,
increasing to a maximum positive value, decreasing to zero, increasing
to a maximum negative value, and decreasing to zero again. Also called
a Hertz.
A TCP/IP protocol that dynamically assigns an IP address to a computer.
Dynamic addressing simplifies network administration because the software
keeps track of IP addresses rather than requiring a network administrator
to do so.
Data Link Layer
Layer 2 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides reliable transit of
data across a physical link. The data link layer is concerned with physical
addressing, network topology, line discipline, error notification, ordered
delivery of frames, and flow control. The IEEE has divided this layer into
two sublayers: The MAC sublayer and the LLC sublayer.
Dielectric
A nonconducting (insulating) material, such as glass.
Digital Signal
A signal which is expressed by discrete states. For example, the absence or
presence of a voltage, the level of amplitude of a voltage, the duration of
the presence of a voltage, etc. Information or intelligence to be transported
may be assigned value or meaning by combinations of the discrete states
of the signal using a code of pulses or digits.
DBS
Direct Broadcast Satellite. Pending high power Ku-Band satellite service
to provide programming directly to home subscribers via small diameter
(3 feet or less) parabolic antennas.
Directional Coupler
Decibel (dB)
A network or device that diverts a predetermined amount of its input signal
to one of two outputs, with the remaining balance of the input energy
being presented to a second Output.
1. A
logarithmic unit of measure expressing the ratio of two discrete levels,
input and output for example, of power, voltage, or current. May be
used to denote either loss (-dB) or gain (+dB). One cannot denote input
or output signal level in dB, but one can denote gain or loss in dB.
Dichroic Filter
An optical filter designed to transmit light selectively
according to wavelength (most often, a high-pass or
low-pass filter.
2. The standard unit used to express gain or loss of power.
Decibel-millivolts (dBmV)
A logarithmic unit of measure of absolute power, voltage, or current. The
dB denotes a ratio between two levels (see Decibel) but the qualifying
term mV establishes one of the levels as a reference. Zero dBmV (0
dBmV) is one millivolt (0.001 or 10-1 volts) measured across a 75 Ω
impedance. Since the impedance is specified and fixed (75 ohms), 0
dBmV is also a reference power level of 0.0133 microwatts. One cannot
denote cable loss or amplifier gain in dBmV, but one can denote input or
output signal levels in dBmV.
Dichroic Mirror
A mirror designed to reflect light selectively according to wavelength.
Diffraction
The deviation of light rays from the paths predicted by geometrical optics.
Diffraction Grating
An array of fine, parallel, equally spaced reflecting or transmitting lines that
mutually enhance the effects of diffraction to concentrate the diffracted
light in a few directions determined by the spacing of the lines and the
wavelength of the light.
Decibel-milliwatt (dBm)
A unit of power. Decibels referenced to a unit of one milliwatt. Zero dBm
= I mW.
Digital
Decibel-Watt (dBW)
Referring to the use of digits to formulate and solve problems, or to encode
information.
140
Digital Data
Also called adaptive routing.
Any data which is expressed in digits. Usually implies the use of binary
digits.
Echo
Digital Signal
Reflected energy confined to only a portion of the spectrum which is
occupied by the originating signal.
A signal which is expressed by discrete states. For example, the absence or
presence of a voltage, the level of amplitude of a voltage, the duration of
the presence of a voltage, etc. Information or intelligence to be transported
may be assigned value or meaning by combinations of the discrete states
of the signal using a code of pulses or digits.
Educational Broadband Service (EBS)
Diplexer
Electronic
A device used to combine or separate two signals. A U/V band separator is
one example of a diplexer.
Describing devices, which
electrons in vacuum or
electron tubes, transistors, etc.
Direct Pickup Interference (DPI)
(Formerly known as ITFS) Microwave Transmission in the frequency range
of 2500 MHz to 2686 MHz.
depend upon the
in semiconductors,
flow
such
of
as
Interference displayed as a leading ghost (left of the main image) on a
TV. This occurs in “on-channel” installations in close proximity to the TV
transmitters (generally within 10 miles).
Electron Volt
Directional Coupler
Electromagnetic Wave
Type of tap that has a designated input and output port besides the tap
port(s). These devices exhibit high isolation between output and tap ports.
Unlike resistive MATV (non-directional) tapoffs, care must be taken during
installation for correct in/out connections.
A wave capable of propagating energy through space at the speed of light,
consisting of electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other and
to the direction of propagation. Depending upon its frequency it may be
known as a radio wave, a light wave, or a x-ray, etc.
Dish
ETV
A parabolic antenna used for satellite reception.
Educational Television.
Dispersion
Equalize
A term used to describe the chromatic or wavelength dependence of a
parameter as opposed to the temporal dependence, which is referred to as
distortion. The term is used, for example, to describe the process by which
an electromagnetic signal is distorted because the various wavelength
components of that signal have different propagation characteristics.
To apply to a transmission facility a network, whose characteristics are
complementary, such that the loss or delay in the facility and in the
equalizing network combined, make the overall loss or delay almost the
same for all frequencies passed through the facility or network.
Domsat
Domestic Satellite System.
A network designed to compensate for an undesired frquency or delay
characteristic of a system or device.
Downlink
Equalizer, Cable
Transmission from a satellite earthward. Can also refer to a TVRO receive
station.
A network designed to compensate for the frequency/loss characteristics
of a cable, so as to permit the system to pass all frequencies in a uniform
manner.
Double Window
An optical fiber having desirable transmittance characteristics in both the
first and second window regions.
Dynamic Range
In a transmission system, the difference in decibels between the noise
level of the system and its overload level.
Dynamic Routing
Routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or traffic changes.
141
The amount of energy gained by one electron in passing from a point to
another point which is one volt higher in potential.
Equalizer
Ethernet
A specification for a transmission system including Layers 1 and2 of the
OSI 7-layer model using the CSMA/CD access method and operates over
various types of cables at 10 Mbps. In common usage, "Ethernet" refers to
both the DIX (DEC - Intel - Xerox) version of this specification or to the IEEE
version, moreformally known as "802.3".
conflicts between users of microwave frequencies.
Frequency Reuse
A technique in which independent information is transmitted on horizontal
and vertical polarization’s to reuse a given band of frequencies.
FCC
FSM
Federal Communications Commission. Regulatory agency that sets
communication standards in the US.
Field Strength Meter. A test instrument for measuring RF signals.
FCC Docket 21006
Fusion Splicer
An FCC ruling which set forth frequency off-sets on certain CATV channels
to minimize potential interference to aeronautical communications.
An instrument which permanently joins two optical fibers by welding their
cores together with a brief electric arc.
Feeder
Gain
A sub-system within a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system, which
provides complete distribution of signals to subscribers within a limited
section of the CATV service area.
An increase in power produced by an amplifier and expressed in decibels.
See Amplifier.
FET Photodetector
A device on amplifiers to adjust the gain.
A photodetector employing photo-generation of carriers in the channel
region of a Field Effect Transistor structure to provide photo-detection
with current gain.
Gain Module
Gain Control
A mechanical sub-assembly within an amplifier housing which produces
gain.
Filter
Gain, Usable
Device used to reject or pass a specified frequency or range of frequencies.
Some examples are band-pass filters, notch filters, channel elimination
filter, low & high pass filters.
The gain presented for use between the input and output connections of
an amplifier housing. Since several accessory items may be included inside
the housing, but external to the gain module, such as pads, equalizers,
two-way filters, etc., the gain provided by the gain module itself will
generally be somewhat higher than the usable gain actually available
between the housing cable connections.
Firewall
Router or access server, or several routers or access servers, designated as
a buffer between any connected public networks and a private network. A
firewall router uses access lists and other methods to ensure the security
of the private network.
Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs)
The compound used to make most semiconductor lasers that operate at
800 to 900 nanometers in wavelength.
FM
Frequency Modulation. Usually means stations in the 88-108 MHz band.
Gateway
Footprint
A TCP/IP router that routes packets between different network numbers.
The anticipated EIRP levels of a given satellite displayed upon a map. Used
to determine required antenna gain at a particular TVRO site.
Get
In SNMP, a command given by the Console to retrieve a single data
structure from a MIB.
Forbidden Conversion
Term used when referring to a particular UHF to VHF or VHF to VHF
channel conversion that cannot be performed due to interferences that
Giga
A prefix used to represent one billion or 101 or 1,000,000,000; abbreviated
as G as in GHz, one billion cycles (Hertz) per second.
occur internal to the unit.
Frame
Gigacycle (Gc)
In data networks, the information packet and all of the preceding and
succeeding signals necessary (flag bytes, preambles, frame checks, abort
sequences, etc.) to convey it along the data link
See Gigahertz.
Gigahertz (GHz)
Frequency Coordination
One billion hertz. One billion cycles per second. See Hertz and Cycle.
A computerized service using a database to resolve existing or potential
Graded Index Fiber
An optical fiber which has a refractive index that gets progressively
142
lower away from the center. This characteristic causes the light rays to
be continually refocused by refraction in the core. A fiber type wherein
the core refractive index decreases almost parabolically radially outward
toward the cladding. This type of fiber combines high-bandwidth capacity
with moderately high coupling efficiency.
Highband
The radio spectrum between 174 and 216 megahertz (MHz). Standard
television channels 7 through 13 fall within this spectrum.
High-Split
Figure of merit of a TVRO system relating to gain divided by noise
temperature expressed in dB/K.
Two-way
cable
communication
frequency
plan,
where the diplex filter’s cross-over frequency is in the
high-band. Consists of an incoming frequency range of 7-186 MHz and
an out-going of 222-450 MHz.
Ghost
Home Run Cabling
Single or multiple images on a TV screen. Causes can be multi-path
reflections in the receiving path of an antenna, Direct Pick-Up interference
(DPI, or impedance mismatches.
Wiring method where each subscriber is fed via a dedicated drop cable.
G/T
Horsepower
Guard Band
A unit of mechanical power equivalent to 550 foot-pounds per second, or
to 745.7 Watts.
A portion of spectrum left vacant and not utilized between two carriers or
bands of carriers, to provide a margin of safety against mutual interference.
HRC
A wave which is concentrated between materials having different
properties, and is propagated within those boundaries.
Harmonically Related Carriers. Frequencies plan used by some CATV
companies which provides for lower perceived distortion levels in cascaded
amplifiers. HRC channels assignments with the exception of channels 5
and 6 (.75 MHz higher than standard).
Hard Line Cable
Hub
Semi-rigid coaxial cable consisting of a solid tubular aluminum outer shield
used in CATV trunk and feeder applications. Typical sizes range from .412”
OD to 1.0” OD.
A common connection point for computers and devices in a network that
takes an incoming signal and repeats it on all other ports.
Guided Wave
Hum Modulation
Headend (HE)
The equipment where all signals are received, processed and combined
prior to distribution.
Undesired low frequency modulation of a carrier at the frequency of the
source of the interference, or a harmonic of that frequency, usually 60 Hz
or 120 Hz, for example.
Hertz (Hz)
Hybrid System
Frequency of periodic oscillations, expressed in cycles per second.
In Cable Television systems, this refers to a system that incorporates
lightwave transmission on optical fibers for a part of the system, and
extends the plant on RF broadband coaxial cables for distribution and
connection to subscribers.
Heterodyne
The process of mixing (beating) two frequencies together to generate
frequencies of their sum and difference. This process is used for channel
conversion.
Hydroxylion Absorption
1. C
ombining two carriers to generate a new carrier which may be either
the sum or difference addition of the original frequencies.
Absorption of optical power in optical fiber due to hydroxyl (OH) ions. This
absorption has to be minimized for low fiber loss.
2. T
o shift a carrier frequency to a new frequency by combining it with
another carrier which is locally generated.
Hyperband
Heterodyne Signal Processor
A unit employed in CATV systems to convert a
carrier
frequency
to
an
intermediate
frequency
(IF).
The
intermediate
frequency
carrier
may
then
be
filtered, regulated, or otherwise conditioned, and then
heterodyned back to either the original carrier frequency, or to a
completely new carrier frequency.
143
CATV channels AA thru YY (numeric equivalents -37 thru 61) falling in
the frequency range of 300 to 450 MHz.
IDF
Short for intermediate distribution frame, a cable rack that interconnects
and manages the telecommunications wiring between an MDF and
workstation devices. Cables entering a building run through a centralized
MDF, then each individual IDF and then on to specific workstations. For
example, an enterprise that encompasses a building with several floors may
example of an IP address is 192.168.1.
have one MDF on the first floor and one IDF on each of the floors that is
connected to the MDF.
IP Multicast
Routing technique that allows IP traffic to be propagated from one source
to a number of destinations or from many sources to many destinations.
Rather than sending one packet to each destination, one packet is sent
to a multicast group identified by a single IP destination group address.
Index Matching Material
A material, often a liquid or cement, whose refractive index is nearly equal
to an optical element index. Material with an index nearly equal to that of
an optical fiber's core is used in splicing and coupling to reduce reflections
from the fiber end face.
Isolation
Index Profile
Electrical separation (or loss) between two locations or pieces of equipment.
Degree of isolation usually specified in dB.
A characteristic of an optical fiber which describes the way its index of
refraction changes with its radius.
Jacket
A layer of material, generally plastic, that surrounds an optical fiber
to protect it from physical damage. Unlike the cladding, the jacket is
physically distinct from the fiber core.
Impedance
Circuit characteristic voltage divided by current. TV distribution has
standardized on 75 ohm and 300 ohm.
Joule
Insertion Loss
An international unit of work or energy. The work required to maintain a
current of one ampere through one ohm for one second. A Watt-second.
The loss introduced into a cable or system by the Insertion of a device or
network expressed in decibels. See Loss.
Kilo
Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS)
A prefix for one thousand (1,000 or 101).
ITFS is a microwave transmission in the frequency range of 2500-2686
MHz used by educational entities for distributing programming employing
analog TV transmissions. This band was also referred to as MMDS and was
used by wireless cable operators. The FCC has since re-designated this
band as BRS (Broadband Radio Service) and EBS (Educational Broadband
Service) and has established provisions for digital transmissions.
Kilobit
One thousand bits.
Kilocycle (Kc)
See Kilohertz.
Kilohertz (kHz)
Interference
1. One thousand hertz.
Noise or other disturbances such as spurious signals
that, when introduced to a desired signal, reduce the
intelligibility of the information carried on that signal.
2. One thousand cycles per second.
Ku Band
Range of frequencies used in satellite transmissions. Common uplink
frequency for U.S. domestic satellites is 14 to 14.5 GHz with a downlink
frequency of 11.7 to 12.2 GHz.
Intermodulation Distortion
The distortion introduced when several or many carriers are passed
through a nonlinear circuit. This includes the spurious signals (beats)
produced as sum and difference additions of the carriers present, and the
transfer or superimposition of modulating information from one carrier to
another.
LAN
A communication infrastructure that supports data and resource sharing
within a small area (<2 km diameter) that is completely contained on the
premises of a single owner.
Infrared
Laser
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength between 0.7 micrometer
and about I millimeter. Wavelengths at the shorter end of this range
are frequently called "near" infrared, and those longer than about 20
micrometers, "far" infrared.
Acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation."
A device which generates or amplifies electromagnetic oscillations at
wavelengths between the far infrared (sub-millimeter) and ultraviolet.
Like any electromagnetic oscillator, a laser oscillator consists of two basic
elements: an amplifying (active) medium and a regeneration or feedback
device (resonant cavity). A laser's amplifying medium can be a gas,
semiconductor, dye solution, etc. Feedback is typically from two mirrors.
Distinctive properties of the electromagnetic oscillations produced
include monochromaticity, high intensity, small beam divergence, and
phase coherence. As a description of a device, "laser" refers to the active
Intrinsic Noise
See Noise, intrinsic.
IP Address:
A 32-bit address assigned to hosts using the TCP/IP protocol. Each
computer/device on the public internet has a unique IP address. An
144
medium plus all equipment necessary to produce the effect called lasing.
Lashed Cable
An aerial cable fastened to its supporting messenger by a continuous
spirally wrapped steel wire.
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
The radio spectrum between 54 and 88 MHz. Standard VHF television
channels 2 through 6 fall within this spectrum.
Loss
Power dissipated in a device, cable, or network expressed in decibels. See
attenuation.
Matching
Acronym for light emitting diode.
Obtaining like impedances to provide a reflection free transfer of signal.
Lightguide
Matching Transformer
Synonym for optical waveguide.
A generic term that includes lasers and LED's.
Device to transform signals from one impedance to another impedance.
IN TV systems usually 75 ohm unbalanced to 300 ohm balanced. Also
known as a balun.
Lightwave
MATV
Any electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the Range from 800
to 1,600 nanometers in the near infrared region.
Master Antenna Television.
Light Source
MDF
Linear
The characteristic of a device or network whose output signal voltage is
directly proportional to its input signal voltage.
Line Extender
An unsophisticated amplifier operating at relatively high transmission levels
in the feeder sub-system of a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system.
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier. Provides initial amplification of downlink signal at
antenna location.
LNB
Low Noise Block (converter). Integrated LNA and down converter. Available
in either C or Ku band inputs. The most prevalent output frequency scheme
is 950-1450 MHz, however other schemes that have been used include 9001400, 1000-1500 and 270-770 MHz.
Short for main distribution frame, a cable rack that interconnects and
manages the telecommunications wiring between itself and any number
of IDFs. Unlike an IDF, which connects internal lines to the MDF, the MDF
connects private or public lines coming into a building with the internal
network. For example, an enterprise that encompasses a building with
several floors may have one centralized MDF on the first floor and one IDF
on each of the floors that is connected to the MDF.
MDS
Is an acronym for Multipoint Distribution System. MDS is former line-ofsight microwave transmission consisting of two 6 MHz analog channels
in the 2150-2162 MHz frequency range. It was typically used to provide
premium programming on a subscription basis. The FCC has subsequently
relocated this service to the BRS/EBS band. The 2150-2162 MHz band is
now allocated for Advanced Wireless Services (AWS).
Mechanical Splice
Channels that are generated on site, such as those that are derived from
character generators, laser disks, or VCR’s in the headend.
A fiber splice accomplished by fixtures or materials, rather than by thermal
fusion. Index matching material may be applied between the two fiber
ends.
Long Wavelength
Media Retrieval
As applied to fiber optic systems, this term generally refers to operation
at wavelengths in the range of 1,100 nanometers to 1,700 nanometers.
Type of headend system used in educational facilities that allows remote
control of headend video playback equipment (VCR’s, laser disks, etc.)
from the classrooms.
Local Origination
Look Angle
TVRO term that refers to both the azimuth and elevation angles required
to sight or aim a dish to a given satellite.
MegaA prefix for one million (1,000,000 or 101).
Loss
Megabit (mb)
Reduction in signal strength usually expressed in dB. Synonymous with
attenuation.
One million bits.
Low Band
145
modulation such as QAM or QPSK. It is caused by various system
imperfections such as noise, low image rejection ratio, phase noise, carrier
suppression, distortion, etc.
Megacycle (mc)
See Megahertz.
Megahertz (MHz)
Modulation Error Rate (MER)
One million hertz. One million cycles per second. See Hertz and Cycle.
The process by which some characteristic of a wave such as amplitude,
frequency, or phase is varied in accordance with a modulating wave.
This term is also commonly used to refer to the information (intelligence)
present on a modulated carrier.
MicroA prefix for one millionth (10-').
Micron
The unit used for specifying the wavelength of light, equal to one millionth
of a meter.
Modulator
Microwave
Monochromatic
A term denoting radio waves which are in the electromagnetic spectrum
at frequencies approximately 1,000 MHz and higher.
Consisting of a single wavelength or color. In practice, radiation is
never perfectly monochromatic but, at best, displays a narrow band of
wavelengths. Monomode optical waveguide Synonym for single mode
optical waveguide.
A device, which produces a TV channel from baseband audio/video, inputs.
Mid-band
The radio spectrum between 88 and 174 MHz, which lies between
standard VHF television, channels 6 and 7. CATV channels A through I
(nine channels) fall within the mid-band spectrum.
MTS
Multiple Television Sound. Referred to as BTSC, system allows TV stereo
sound transmission with a second audio program (SAP). Similar to FM
stereo, composite baseband audio signal consists of L+R, L-R, and a 15,734
KHZ pilot carrier.
Mid-Split
Two way cable communications frequency plan, where the diplex filter’s
crossover frequency is in the mid-band. Consists of an incoming frequency
range of 5-108 MHz and an out-going of 150-450 MHz.
Multicast
A prefix for one thousandth (10-1).
Single packets copied by the network and sent to a specific subset of
network addresses. These addresses are specified in the destination
address field.
Milliwatt
Multicast Group
One thousandth of a Watt.
Dynamically determined group of IP hosts identified by a single IP multicast
address.DIX (DEC - Intel - Xerox) version of this specification or to the IEEE
version, moreformally known as "802.3".
Milli-
Mixer
Device to combine signals while maintaining impedance.
Multimode
MMDS
Abbreviation for Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service, also known
as Wireless Cable. Over-the-air subscription service transmitted on MDS
and ITFS frequencies now known as the BRS/EBS band.
Emission at several frequencies simultaneously, generally closely spaced,
each frequency representing a different mode of laser oscillation in the
resonant cavity. A term that describes optical waveguide that permits the
propagation of more than one mode.
Mode Field Diameter
Multimode Fiber
A functional representation of the energy carrying region of the fiber. Also
referred to as Spot size.
A fiber that supports propagation of more than one mode of a given
wavelength.
Modem
Multiplexer
A
single
unit
of
equipment
which
combines
the
functions of modulator and demodulator. This is an
economical arrangement, since the two circuits can use common elements.
A device which combines two or more optical signals onto one
communications channel. The signals can be of different wavelengths
(wavelength -division multiplexing) or can occupy different time slots
(time-division multiplexing). Combination of information signals from
several channels into one single optical channel for transmission.
Modulation
MER is a measure used to quantify the performance of a digital
RF transmitter or receiver in a communications system using digital
Network Address
Network layer address referring to a logical, rather than a physical, network
device. Also called a protocol address.
146
Network Layer
Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides connectivity and
path selection between two end systems. The network layer is the layer at
which routing occurs. Corresponds roughly with the path control layer of
the SNA model.
Noise Figure (NF)
A measure of how much noise an active device, such as a TV amplifier,
adds to the thermal noise level constant of –59 dbmv
Off Channel Processsing
Processing a channel on a frequency other than its’ received frequency.
Example: Channel 40 UHF processed and distributed as Channel 5;
Channel 4 processed and distributed as Channel 10.
Note: P
hotodiodes, LED's, injection lasers and integrated optical elements
are examples of opto-electronic devices commonly used in optical
waveguide communications.
Oscillator
A circuit generating an alternating current wave at some specific frequency.
Output Capability
Defines the relationship between the intermodulation distortion introduced,
and the operating output signal levels of an amplifier, with the traffic
loading of the device as a factor.
Output Power
Radiant power, expressed in Watts.
Pad
OMT
Orthomode Transducer. A section of waveguide connected to the feed at
the focal point of the TVRO antenna that separates horizontal and vertical
polarities. An OMT is required for simultaneous reception of even and odd
number transponders from a given satellite.
On Channel Processing
Processing a channel on its received frequency. Example: Channel 2 off air
being processed and distributed as Channel 2.
Optical Detector
A transducer that generates an output electrical signal when irradiated
with optical power.
Optical Fiber
Any filament or fiber, made of dielectric materials, that guides light,
whether or not it is used to transmit signals.
Optical Link
Any optical transmission channel designed to connect two end terminals
or to be connected in Series with other channels.
See Attenuator.
Paired Cable
Cable in which the conductors are combined in pairs, i.e.: two wires
which are twisted about each other. Each wire of the pair has its
distinctive color of insulation.
Parabolic Antenna
Consists of a round (parabolic) reflector, which focuses all received RF
energy to a single point. Commonly referred to as a “dish.”
Passive
Describing a device which does not contribute energy to the signal it
passes.
Phase Lock
The control of an oscillator such that its output signal maintains a constant
phase angle relative to a second, reference signal.
Photodetector
Optical Power
Any device which detects light, generally producing an electronic signal
with intensity proportional to that of the incident light.
Colloquial synonym for radiant power.
Photodiode
Optical Spectrum
A diode designed to produce photo-current by absorbing light. Photodiodes
are used for the detection of optical power and for the conversion of optical
power to electrical power.
Generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the wavelength region
extending from the vacuum ultraviolet at 40 nm to the far infrared at I
mm.
Photon
Optical Time-domain Reflectometer
A quantum of electromagnetic energy.
An instrument which locates faults in an optical fiber by sending a short
pulse of light through the fiber, then timing the arrival of backscattered
signals, which originate at discontinuities in the fiber.
Pico-
Opto-electronic
Pigtail
Pertaining to a device that responds to optical power, emits or modifies
optical radiation, or utilizes optical radiation for its internal operation.
Any device that functions as an electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical
transducer.
A prefix denoting one millionth of a millionth; one trillionth (10-11).
Pronounced "pie-ko."
A short length of optical fiber, permanently fixed to a component, used to
couple lightwave power between it and the transmission fiber.
PIN Photodiode
A diode with a large intrinsic region sandwiched between p-doped and
147
Radiant Energy
n-doped semiconducting regions. Photons absorbed in this region create
electron-hole pairs that are then separated by an electric field, thus
generating an electric current in a load circuit.
Energy (joules) which is transferred via electromagnetic waves; there is no
associated transfer of matter.
PING (Packet Internet Groper)
Ray
A command used to test connectivity to a device over a TCP/IP network.
A geometric representation of a light path through an optical device: a line
normal to the wave front indicating the direction of radiant energy flow.
Plant
A general term applied to any of the physical property of a service
company, which contributes to the furnishing of power or communication
services.
Rayleigh Scattering
Scattering of a lightwave propagating in a material medium due to the
atomic or molecular structure of the material and variations in the structure
as a function of distance. The scattering losses vary as the reciprocal of
the fourth power of the wavelength. The distances between scattering
centers are small compared to the wavelength. Rayleigh scattering is
the fundamental limit of fiber loss in the operating wavelength region
(0.8-1.6 um) of optical fiber systems.
Polarization
A waveform characteristic of electromagnetic radiation. Two types of
polarizations are used, linear (horizontal and vertical) and circular (right
and left hand).
Power
Ratio
Energy per unit of time.
The relative size of two quantities indicated by the quotient
obtained by dividing one quantity by the other.
Pre-Amplifier
Low noise amplifier usually mounted in close proximity to a receiving
antenna. Used to compensate for down lead losses.
Receiver
A unit including a detector and signal-processing electronics that converts
optical input into electronic output; often used in communications.
Pulse Broadening
An increase in pulse duration. Note: Pulse broadening may be specified
by the impulse response, the root-mean-square pulse broadening, or the
full-duration-half-maximum pulse broadening.
Reflection
1. R
eflected energy which substantially covers the spectrum occupied by
the originating signal.
Pulse Decay Time
2. T
he abrupt change in direction of a light beam at an interface between
two dissimilar media so that the light beam returns into the medium
from which it originated.
The time required for the instantaneous amplitude of an electrical wave to
go from 90% to 10% of the peak amplitude.
Pulse Length
Refraction
The time duration of the burst of energy emitted by a pulsed laser; also
called pulse width. Usually measured at the "half-power" points (0.707
times the full height of a voltage or current pulse).
The bending of a beam of light at an interface between two dissimilar
media or in a medium whose refractive index is a continuous function of
position (graded-index medium).
Pulse Rise Time
Refractive Index
The time required for the instantaneous amplitude of an electrical wave to
go from 10% to 90% of the peak amplitude.
The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in the
specified medium.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
Remote Local Origination
QAM is a modulation technique employing both phase and amplitude
modulation. It is widely used to transmit digital CATV programs and cable
Internet service. There are different QAM levels based upon the number
of modulation states used. QAM64 utilizes 6 bits for 64 modulation states,
QAM128 uses 7 bits for 128 states, QAM 256 uses 8 bits for 256 states,
etc.
Closed-circuit program generated some place other than the headend.
Example: Sub-channel origination.
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
Response
QPSK uses four phase angles to represent each 2 bits input. It is similar
to QAM4 without amplitude modulation. QPSK is used in many CATV
satellite transmissions.
The fidelity with which the output of a system, device, or network
corresponds to its input.
Repeater
A signal amplification device, often used along cables to extend transmission
distances.
148
Responsivity
Semiconductor, n-type
The ratio of an optical detector's electrical output to its optical input, the
precise definition depending on the detector type; generally expressed in
Amperes per Watt or Volts per Watt of incident radiant power.
A semiconductor material, such as germanium or silicon, which has a small
amount of impurity, such as antimony, arsenic, or phosphorous added to
increase the supply of free electrons. Such a material conducts electricity
through movement of electrons.
Return Loss
A ratio expressed in dB between the reflected signal and the total signal
applied to a device. In 75 ohm systems, the closer the device’s impedance
is to 75 ohms, the higher the return loss.
Return Loss, Structural
The return loss of coaxial cable as established by discrete discontinuities
introduced during the manufacturing process.
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference. Undesired RF signals.
Semiconductor, p-type
A semiconductor material which has been doped so that it has a net
deficiency of free electrons. It therefore conducts electricity through
movement of "holes," which see.
Sensitivity
Imprecise synonym for responsivity. In optical system receivers, the
minimum power required to achieve a specified quality of performance in
terms of output signal-to-noise ratio or other measure.
Session Layer
Ribbon Cable
A cable whose conductors lie side by side in a single plane. Usually has a
molded polyethylene insulation.
Rise Time
For an emitter, the time it takes for light intensity to rise from 10% to 90%
of peak output. Detector rise time, also called response time, is the time in
which the detector output goes from 10% to 90% of peak.
Riser
Term generally used to describe a simplified single line distribution
drawing. In buildings, a riser refers to a location where cable routing can
pass from floor to floor.
Router
A device that routes/forwards data across a networks.
RTP
Defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over
IP network.
Second-order Distortion
Spurious signals generated when two or more carriers are passed through
a nonlinear circuit. The spurious signals are sum and difference products of
any two carriers. Sometimes referred to as second-order "beats." Second
order distortion is calculated as a power addition.
Second Window
Characteristic of an optical fiber having a region of relatively high
transmittance surrounded by regions of low transmittance in the
wavelength range of 1200 to 1350 nanometers.
Semiconductor
A material whose resistivity is between that of conductors and insulators,
and whose resistivity can sometimes be changed by light, an electric field,
or a magnetic field. Current flow is sometimes by movement of negative
electrons, and sometimes by transfer of positive holes. Used in transistors,
diodes, photodiodes, photocells, and thermistors. Some examples are:
silicon, germanium, selenium, and lead sulfide.
149
The layer in the OSI 7-Layer Model that is concerned with managing the
resources required for the session between two computers.
Scattering
The change in direction of light rays or photons after striking a small
particle or particles. It may also be regarded as the diffusion of a light beam
caused by the inhomogeneity of the transmitting medium.
Signal Level Meter (SLM)
A tuned radio frequency voltmeter, usually calibrated in decibels per
millivolt (dBmV) as well as voltage.
Signal-to-noise Ratio (S/N ratio)
The difference in amplitude of a signal (before modulation or after
detection of a modulated carrier), and the noise present in the spectrum
occupied by the signal, when both are measured at the same point in the
system.
Single-cable Design
A technique for designing CATV systems that utilizes a single type of
amplifier with identical transmission levels throughout the system. It
may, or may not, actually require some placement of paralleling cables in
portions of the system.
Single-mode Fiber
An optical waveguide through which only one mode will propagate.
Single-mode waveguide is produced by reducing the diameter of the
core of the waveguide to 2 to 10 microns. The diameter of the core
is dependent on the difference in the refractive index of the core and
cladding. As the difference in the refractive index of the core and cladding
decreases, the diameter of the core increases. Theoretically, the core
could be infinitely large as the difference in index become infinitely small.
Single-mode operation is desirable because all modes except the lowest
and simplest mode are excluded. This reduces time distortion of signals
propagating in unwanted modes, retains phase relationships, and reduces
dispersion to the lowest possible value.
The radio spectrum between 5 and 40 MHz.
Slope
Sub-Split
Difference in attenuation between specified low and high frequencies.
Two-way cable communication frequency plan. Consists of an incoming
frequency range of 5-40 MHz and an out-going of 50-450 MHz.
SLM
Subnet Address
Signal Level Meter. Test equipment used to measure RF signal strengths in
CATV/MATV systems. Also referred to as FSM.
Portion of an IP address that is specified as the subnetwork by the subnet
mask. See also IP address, subnet mask, and subnetwork.
SNMP
Subnet Mask
A de facto standard for management of networked devices using a simple
request-response data retrieval mechanism.
A representation of a user's Internet address where all of the bit positions
corresponding to the user's network and subnetwork id are 1's and the bit
corresponding to the user's host id are 0's.
Source
A device that, when properly driven (with electrical energy), will produce
information-carrying optical signals.
Subscriber Converter
See Converter, subscriber.
Sparklies
Subscriber’s Loop
Black or white dots or streaks that may appear in a satellite program’s
picture. This condition is caused by an insufficient carrier-to-noise ratio.
Circuit between a local office and a subscriber's telephone set.
Spectrum
Super-Band
A range of frequencies within which waves have common characteristics.
For example, audio spectrum, radio spectrum, etc. Radio spectrum is
generally accepted to include the range between 8 KHz and 300 GHz.
The radio spectrum between 216 and approximately 400 MHz.
Super-Trunk
Splice
A sub-system cable transmission link for transporting television signals
between two discrete locations.
A permanent connection of two optical fibers.
Switch
Splitter
A switch is a device that forwards packets between nodes based on the
packet's destination node address (either hardware or protocol).
A network or device that divides its input energy equally between two
outputs. It is possible to cascade (serially connect) splitters to provide more
than two outputs, but usually the input energy is not then equally divided
across those outputs if the outputs are not multiples of two.
Sync Pulse
Information included in a composite video signal to synchronize the
television receiver's picture tube electron beam with the electron beam in
the television camera which originated the video signal, or with any other
source of a video signal.
Star Coupler
A passive device in which power from one or several input waveguides is
distributed amongst a larger number of output optical waveguides.
Tap, Subscriber
A type of fiber which has an abrupt change in index of refraction at the
core/cladding interface. Generally such fibers have larger cores, higher
losses, and lower bandwidths than graded-index types.
A device that diverts a predetermined amount of its input energy to one or
more tap outputs for the purpose of feeding energy into subscriber service
drop cables. The remaining balance of the input energy is presented to a
tap output port for propagation farther out into the system.
Step-index Profile
Tap, Optical
A refractive index profile characterized by a uniform refractive index within
the core and a sharp decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding
interface.
Tapoff
Step-index Fiber
A device for extracting a portion of the optical signal from a fiber.
Device to provide a small amount of signal from a distribution line to feed
a TV set. Provides an asymmetrical signal split.
Strip Amplifier
Slang expression for a channelized high-output AGC’d amplifier used in
processing VHF or UHF channels in a headend.
Sub-Band
150
TASO
Trunk
Television Allocation Study Organization, Industry group that advised the
Federal Communications Commission on TV matters.
1. O
ne telephone communication channel between (a) two ranks of
switching equipment in the same central office, (b) between central
office units in the same switching center, or (c) between two switching
centers. A trunk is for the common use of all calls of one class between
its two terminals.
Telnet
A Telnet program allows a user at a terminal or PC to log in to a remote
computer and run a program and execute other Unix commands.
Termination
Resistive device at end of distribution line or unused outputs of equipment
to avoid reflections (ghost).
2. A
sub-system within a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system which
provides somewhat limited, arterial distribution of signals broadly
across the CATV service area.
Trunk Plus Feeder Design (trunk/feeder)
Thru-Line Loss
Insertion loss of a tapoff.
Tilt Control
Circuit on an amplifier to compensate for cable slope. Also referred to as
slope control.
Transmitter
In a fiber optic system, the device which converts a modulated electrical
signal into an optical signal for transmission through a fiber. A transmitter
typically consists of a light source (LED or diode laser) and driving
electronics.
Transmitter-Fiber
In a fiber optic system, the device which converts a modulated electrical
signal into an optical signal for transmission through a fiber. A transmitter
typically consists of a light source (LED or diode laser) and driving
electronics.
Transponder
A frequency converter (translator) aboard a satellite that changes the
uplink signal to the downlink signal and provides amplifications. Typical
C-Band domestic satellites have 24 transponders.
Transport Protocol
The Protocol Layer of the OSI 7-Layer Model that is concerned with
management of the data flow between source and destination.
Trap
A technique for designing CATV systems which involves two or more
transmission levels, applied within different sub-systems of the same
system. Generally requires some significant amount of paralleling cable
placement.
TVRO
An abbreviation for "television receive only." Defines a facility which can
include antennas, preamplifiers, and receivers for the reception only of
television signals from a geostationary satellite in space.
Twinlead
A balanced transmission line usually of 300 ohm impedance.
Two-way
Describing a transmission system, which can transport signals in both
directions simultaneously.
Two-way Filter
A combination of low and high pass filters to subdivide spectrum in a CATV
system, allocating some spectrum for transmission in one direction, and
some spectrum for transmission in the opposite direction.
T-1 Carrier System
A 24-channel, transistorized, time-division, pulse-code modulation, voice
carrier used on exchange cable to provide short-haul trunks. Uses two
pairs, in one or two cables, for two directions of transmission. Requires
regenerative pulse repeaters at 6000 feet intervals.
UDP
A device used to attenuate specific frequencies of channels.
Trap
In SNMP, a message sent from the Agent to the Console when the Agent
detects that condition defined by the network manager has occurred
Triple Beat Distortion
Spurious signals generated when three or more carriers are passed through
a nonlinear circuit. The spurious signals are sum and difference products of
any three carriers, sometimes referred to as "beats." Triple beat distortion
is calculated as a voltage addition.
151
A protocol within the TCP/IP protocol suite that is used in place of TCP
when a reliable delivery is not required. There is less processing of UDP
packets than there is for TCP. UDP is widely used for streaming audio and
video, voice over IP (VoIP) and videoconferencing, because there is no
time to retransmit erroneous or dropped packets.
UHF
Ultra High Frequencies TV channels 14-69 (479-806 MHz)
Ultra-high Frequency (UHF)
The radio spectrum between 300 and 3,000 MHz. The term UHF is also
commonly used to denote standard television channels 14 through 69,
which fall within this spectrum.
Ultraviolet
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between about 40 and 400
nanometers. Radiation between 40 and 200 nm is termed "vacuum
ultraviolet" because it is absorbed by air and travels only through a
vacuum. The "near" ultraviolet has wavelengths close to those of visible
light; the "far" ultraviolet has shorter wavelengths.
Underground Cable
Cable installed in subsurface conduits terminating at intervals in manholes,
thus permitting the placing, replacing, or removal of cables at will.
frequency band of 250-3400 Hz.
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. A measure of how much signal is reflected
from a device. If no signal is reflected the VSWR would be 1. This occurs
when the signal source and the device the signal is applied to have the
same impedance. This term is mostly used when referring to transmitters
and microwave components. For RF distribution systems see “return loss.”
Watt
See Gain, usable.
The unit of electric power, equal to the rate of work when a current of
one ampere flows under a pressure of one volt. For direct currents, it is
equal to the product of the voltage and current, or the product of circuit
resistance by the square of the current. For alternating currents it is equal
to the product of effective volts and effective current times the circuit
power factor.
VHF
Wave
Very High Frequencies TV channels 2 thru 13 and FM (54-216 MHz).
1. A periodic variation of an electric voltage or current.
Velocity of Light
2. A
wave motion in any medium: mechanical as in water, acoustical as
sound in air, electrical as current waves on wires, or electromagnetic as
radio and light waves through space.
Uplink
Transmission from earth to a satellite.
Usable Gain
The velocity of light in a vacuum is 2,997,925. meters per second or
186,280 miles per second. For rough calculations the figure of 3,000,000
meters per second is generally used.
Very High Frequency (VHF)
The radio spectrum between 30 and 300 MHz. The term VHF is also
commonly used to denote standard television channels 2 through 13,
which fall within this spectrum.
Vestigial Side Band (VSB)
In amplitude-modulated transmissions, a portion of only one sideband of a
modulated carrier. The modulated carrier is passed through a filter having
a graduated cut-off characteristic near the carrier frequency. A substantial
portion of the modulated carrier is suppressed in this fashion.
Video
1. Pertaining to the signal which carries a television picture.
Waveguide
Any device which guides electromagnetic waves along a path defined by
the physical construction of the device.
Wavelength
The distance between three consecutive nodes of a wave, equal to 360
electrical degrees. It is equal to the velocity of propagation divided by the
frequency, when both are in the same units.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
The provision of two or more channels over a common optical waveguide,
the channels being differentiated by optical wavelength.
Wideband Passing
A Wide Range of Frequencies.
2. Describing the four megahertz wide band of frequencies which
constitutes a television signal.
Windloading
Video All-Call
Force exerted upon a structure based upon wind speed, direction and
projected area of the structure.
Feature on a headend system which allows for all channels to be preempted
with an emergency message or program. The headend generally employs
heterodyne processors and/or modulators. Electronic A/B switches inserted
in the IF loops substitutes the emergency program IF signal when all-call is
invoked.
Visible Light
That part of the spectrum to which the human eye is sensitive, usually
defined as wavelengths between 390 and 780 nanometers.
Voice Channel
A transmission path suitable for carrying analog voice signals, covering a
152
Blonder Tongue Acronyms
ACA
Apartment Complex Amplifier
AD
Agile Demodulator
AM
Agile Modulator
AMCM
Agile Micro Modulator
AP
Agile Processor
AQD
ATSC/QAM Demodulator
AQM
Agile QAM Modulator
AQP
ATSC/QAM Processor
AQT
ATSC/QAM Transcoder
BIDA
Broadband Indoor Distribution Amplifier
CDSRCommercial Digital Satellite Receiver
DA
Distribution Amplifier
DAP
Digital Analog Processor
DSR
Digital Satellite Receiver
DQMx
Digital QAM Multiplexer
EQAM
EdgeQAM
FIBT
Fiber Broadband Transmitter
FOC
Fiber Optic Coupler
HDE
High Definition Encoder
HPC
Headend Passive Combiner
IPAT
IP/ASI Transcoder
IPME
IP MPEG-2 Encoder
FRDAFiber Receiver/Distribution Amplifier
IRD
Integrated Receiver Decoder
ITX
Intelligent Transmitter
LA
Launch Amplifier
LNBF
Low Noise Block Converter Feed
MDDA
Modular Digital Demodulator ASI
MDDM
Modular Digital Demodulator
MICM
Micro- Channel Modulator
MIDM
Micro-Demodulator
MSBC
Modular Subband Convertor
MUX
Multiplexer
QTM
QAM Transcoder Module
RMDA
Rack Mounted Distribution Amplifier
RPR
Remote Power Reset
SDE
Standard Definition Encoder
SE
Stereo Encoder
TVCB
TV Channel Blocker
153
CATV & IPTV Acronyms
1xRTT
3DES
3DTV
Single
Carrier Radio
Transmission
Technology
Triple Data
Encryption
Standard
Three
Dimensional
Television
3G
3rd Generation
3GPP
Third Generation
Partnership
Project
4C
5C
A/D
A/D/A
Consortium
of Intel, IBM,
Matsushita, and
Toshiba
Consortium
of Intel, Sony,
Matsushita,
Toshiba, and
Hitachi
Analog to Digital
to Analog
Additional Outlet
A/V
Audio/Video
AAAA
AAC
AAC
AACS
ABSBH
Authentication,
Authorization,
and Accounting
American
Association of
Advertising
Agencies
Advanced Audio
Codec
Advanced Audio
Compression
Advanced Access
Content System
Average Busy
Season Busy Hour
AC
Access Category
AC
Alternating Current
AC_BE
Access Category
– Best Effort
AC_BK
AC_VI
AC_VO
AC-3
ACE
ACK
Ad-ID
ADM
ADSL
Access Category
– VOice
Audio Coding
Revision 3
Advanced
Component
Exchange
ACL
Access Control List
ACL
Applications
Connection-Less
ACM
Adaptive Coding
and Modulation
AD
Activity Detection
ADI
Asset Distribution
Interface
CAPMAN
BPI+
Baseline Privacy
Interface Plus
Capacity
Management
CAS
BPL
Broadband over
Power Line
Conditional
Access Server
CAS
B-PON
Broadband
Passive Optical
Network
Conditional
Access System
CAT
Conditional
Access Table
bps
Bits Per Second
CAT5
Category 5
BRAS
Broadband
Remote Access
Server
CATV
Community
Antenna Television
(or Cable Television)
BRI
Basic Rate Interface
CB
Channel Bonding
BRI
Brand Rating
Index
CB
Citizen Band
CBR
Constant Bit Rate
CBT
Computer Based
Testing (or Training)
CC
Closed Caption
CCA
Broadband
Services Access
Multiplexer
Circuit Card
Assembly
CCCM
CPE Controlled
Cable Modem
BSC
Base Station
CCDF
Complementary
Cumulative
Distribution Function
Applications
AVC
BPDU
Bridge Protocol
Data Unit
Add/Drop
Multiplexing
Administration
APS
Automatic
Protection
Switching
Advanced Video
Coding
AVI
Advanced Video
Interface
BPF
BPI
Asymmetric
Digital
Subscriber Line
APSK
Automatic Gain
Control
AGW
Access Gateway
AI
Artificial Intelligence
AIFS
Arbitration
InterFrame Space
AIN
Advanced
Intelligent Network
ARCNET
Amplitude Phase
Shift Keying
AWGN
Attached Resource
Computer Network
AWT
B2B
Back-to-Back
User Agent
ARF
Advertising Research
Foundation and
Businesses
B2C
Business to
Consumer
ARIN
American Registry of
Internet Numbers
BA
Behavioral
Aggregate
ARP
Address Resolution
Protocol
BAF
Bellcore AMA
Format
Average Revenue
per Unit (or User)
BB
Baseband
BB
Broadband
BC
Broadcast
BC/NC
Broadcast/
Narrowcast
ARPU
AS
Application Server
Application
Information Table
AKA
Authentication and
Key Agreement
ALG
Application Layer
Gateway
AM
Amplitude
Modulation
ASF
Advanced
Systems Format
AM
Application Manager
ASI
AMA
Automatic
Message
Accounting
Asynchronous
Serial Interface
AsiaPac
Asia Pacific
ASIC
ApplicationSpecific
Integrated Circuit
Asset
Management
System
Association
of National
Advertisers
Business to
Business
B2BUA
AIT
Aggregated MAC
(Media Access
Control) Protocol
Data Unit
Abstract Window
Toolkit
Advanced Return
Path Modulator
Alarm Indication
Signal
Automated
Measurement Of
Lineup
Additive White
Gaussian Noise
ARDP
AIS
ASAP
As Soon As Possible
ASCII
American
Standard Code
for Information
Interchange
ASF
ASM
Advanced
Streaming
Format
Asset
Management
System
ASP
Advanced
Streaming Profile
ASP
Average Selling
Price
ASR
Access Switch Router
ASTB
Advanced SetTop Box
BSCC
Broadcast Stream
Client Connector
BDR
Baseband Digital
Reverse
BSS
Basic Service Set
BSS
BE
Best Effort
BER
Bit Error Rate
BERT
Bit Error Rate Test
BFS
Broadcast File
System
BFT
Broadcast File
Transfer
BGCF
Breakout
Gateway Control
Function
BGP
Border Gateway
Protocol
BICSI
Building Industry
Consulting
Services
AT
Advanced
Technology
bits/
sym
Bits per Symbol
ANSI
American National
Standards Institute
ATA
Advanced
Technology
Attachment
BIU
Broadband
Interface Unit
Address of Record
AP
Audio Processor
AP
Automatic Power
APD
Avalanche Photo
Diode
Application
Programming
Interface
ATDMA
Asynchronous
Time Division
Multiple Access
ATM
Asynchronous
Transfer Mode
ATSC
Advanced Television
Systems Committee
ATTN
Attenuator
AUP
Acceptable Use
Policy
154
Basic Sequential
Access Method
Broadband
Digital Forward
Announcement
Player
AoR
BSAM
BDF
ANP
Advertising On
Demand
Broadcast Services
Billing Correlation
Identifier
Aggregate Noise
Factor
AOD
BS
BCID
ANF
American Society
for Training and
Development
Broadband Radio
Service
BackwardsCompatible
Broadcast Services
Announcement
ASTD
BRS
BC-BS
ANC
API
Capital
Expenditure
Apps
AGC
Acknowledge
CapEx
Baseline Privacy
Interface
Boundary Point
Adaptive Field/
Frame
ANA
Band-Pass Filter
Bootstrap Protocol
BP
AFF
AMS
Camara Nacional
de la Industria
Television por Cable
BOOTP
Audiovisual
Assured Forwarding
A-MPDU
Canitec
Audio/Video
AV
AF
AMOL
Cellular Access
Network
AV
AdvertisingDigital Interface
APON
CAN
ATM-based
Passive Optical
Network
Advanced
Encryption Standard
Access Category
– BacKground
Access Category
– VIdeo
Asynchronous
Digital Interface
AES
Analog to Digital
A/O
AAA
ADI
BIF
Binary Interchange
Format
BSAM
CCI
Copy Control
Information
Business Support
System
CCK
Complimentary
Code Keying
BTS
Base Transceiver
Station
CCM
Channel Change
Message
BTS
Business Telecom
Services
CCM
Constant Coding
and Modulation
BTSC
Broadcast Television
Systems Committee
CCNR
Completion of
Calls No Reply
BTU/hr
British Thermal
Unit Per Hour
CCS
Centum Call
Seconds
BW
Bandwidth
CCS
Control Compact Disc
BYOI
Bring Your Own
Infrastructure
CD
Chromatic
Dispersion
C/N
Carrier-to-Noise
Ratio
CD
Compact Disc
CDC
Changed Data
Capture
CDC
Connected
Device
Configuration
CDL
Code DownLoad
CDMA
Code Division
Multiple Access
CA
Call Agent
CA
Conditional Access
CA
Content Archive
CAB
Cable Advertising
Bureau
CAC
Business
Management
System
Call Admission
Control
CAD
Computer Aided
Design
CDN
Content Delivery
Network
BNC
Broadcast Network
CALA
Bit-Error-Rate in
the Noise Notch
Central America
and Latin America
CDP
BNN
Cisco Discovery
Protocol
CALEA
Call Detail Record
Broadcast on
Demand
Communications
Assistance for Law
Enforcement Act
CDR
BoD
CD-ROM
Compact Disk-Read
Only Memory
BOM
Bill of Material
CDT
Carrier Definition
Table
BMS
CAM
Content
Addressable
Memory
CE
Consumer
Electronics
CE
Customer
Equipment
CEA
Consumer
Electronics
Association
CEBus
Consumer
Electronic Bus
CEO
Chief Executive
Officer
CEP
Cable Entry Point
CEPCA
Consumer
Electronics Powerline
Communication
Alliance
CER
Codeword Error Ratio
CES
Circuit Emulation
Service
CFO
Chief Financial
Officer
CFP
Contention Free
Periods
CMOS
Complimentary
Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor
CMS
Call
Management
Server
CRM
Cable Modem
Termination
System
Customer
Relationship
Management
CSA
Common
Scrambling
Algorithim
CSCF
Call State/Session
Control(ler)
Function
CMTS
CNAM
CNIR
Calling NAMe
Carrier-to-Noise/
Ingress Ratio
CNR
Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
CNR
Chronic NonResponder
CO
Central Office
CODEC
Coder/Decoder
COFDM
COLD
Coded Orthogonal
Frequency Division
Multiplexing
Common Object
Request Broker
Architecture
CS-RZ
CarrierSuppressed
Return-to-Zero
CoS
Class of Service
Common Image
Format
COT
Central Office
Terminal
Common Internet
File System
CP
Copy Protection
CIM
Common
Information Model
CPD
Common Path
Distortion
CIN
Call Indentity
Number
CPE
CINIT
Centro de
Investigacion e
Innovacion en
Telecomunicaciones
Customer
Premises
Equipment
CPM
Cost per
Thousand
Impressions
CLE
Customer
Located
Equipment
CLEC
Common Local
Echange Carrier
CLI
Command Line
Interface
CLI
Cumulative
Leakage Index
CLR
Common
Language Runtime
CLV
Consumer
Lifetime Value
CM
Cable Modem
CMCI
CM (Cable Modem)
To CPE (Customer
Premises Equipment)
Interface
CMLA
Content
Management License
Administrator
Carrier Sense
Multiple Access
with Collision
Detection
CORBA
CIF
Connection
Limited Device
Configuration
CSMA/
CD
Customer Service
Representative
Classless Inter
Domain Routing
CLDC
Carrier Sense
Multiple Access
with Collision
Avoidance
CSR
CIDR
Custom Local
Area Signaling
Services
CSMA/
CA
Common Open
Policy Service
Channel
CLASS
Central Switch
Homerun
COPS
CableHome™
Committed
Information Rate
CSH
CSO
Ch
CIR
Constraintbased Label
Distribution
Protocol
Central Office
Layout Design
CH
CIFS
CR-LDP
CPMS
CPPM
CPRM
CPTWG
Copy Protection
Management
System
Copy Protection
for Prerecorded
Media
Content
Protection for
Recordable Media
CSS
CSU/
DSU
CSV
Composite
Second Order
Content
Scrambling
System
Channel Service
Unit/Data
Service Unit
Comma
Separated Value
CTAM
Cable &
Telecommunications
Association for
Marketing
CTB
Composite Triple
Beat
CTIA
Cellular
Telecommunications
& Internet
Association
CTO
CVCT
Chief Technology
Officer
CRG
CableHome™
Residential
Gateway
CRL
Certificate
Revocation List
Common
Warehouse
Metamodel
D&B
Dun & Bradstreet
D/E
Decrypt/Extract
DA
Destination Address
DAB
Digital Audio
Broadcast
DAC
Descrambler
Authorization
Center
DAC
Direct Attached
Storage
DCT
Discrete Cosine
Transform
DNS
Domain Name
System
Digital TV Application
Software Environment
DE
Default
DOA
Dead on Arrival
DOCS
DIAG
DOCSIS Diagnostic
Program
DOCSIS®
Data-Over-Cable
Service Interface
Specifications
DOCSIS®
-RFI
DOCSIS® Radio
Frequency Interface
DoD
Department of
Defense
DoS
Denial of Service
DPI
Digital Program
Insertion
DPON
Deep-Fiber Passive
Optical Network
DPSK
Differential Phase
Shift Keying
DAS
DASE
DAT
Digital Audio Tape
DeCSS
DAT
DOCSIS® Settop Gateway
Address Table
Defeat Content
Scrambling
System
DEM
DAVIC
Digital Audio
Visual Council
DigiCipher Even
Manager
DENI
DB
Database
dB
Decibel
Digital
Entertainment
Networking
Initiative
dBc
Decibel Referenced
to the Carrier
Digital Addressable
155
DES
Data Encryption
Standard
DES
Digital
Encryption
Standard
Decibel milliwatt
DF
Delivery Function
dBmV
Decibel milliVolt
DFAST
DBPSK
Differential
Binary Phase
Shift Keying
Dynamic Feedback
Arrangement
Scrambling
Technique
DPT
Dynamic Packet
Transport
DFB
Distributed
Feedback
DQoS
Dynamic Quality
of Service
DHCP
Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol
DQPSK
Differential Quadrature
Phase Shift Keying
DHEI
DigiCable
Headend
Expansion
Interface
DRAM
Dynamic Random
Access Memory
DRC
Dynamic Range
Control
dBFS
Decibel Below
Full Scale
dBm
DBS
Direct Broadcast
Satellite
DC
DigiCipher®
DC
Direct Current
DC
Directional Coupler
DC
Dispersion
Compensator
DCA
Digital Cable
Application
DCAPMAN
Dynamic Capacity
Management
DCAS
Downloadable
Conditional
Access System
DCC
Data
Communication
Channel
Downstream
Channel
Descriptor
CableHome™
Quality of Service
Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
Digital Network
Control System
DCD
CQoS
CRC
DNCS
Defense Advanced
Research Projects
Agency
DARPA
Coarse
Wavelength
Division
Multiplexing
CWDM
Cyclic Redundancy
Check
Discrete Cosine
Transform
DCT
Disconnection Delay
Central
Processing Unit
CRC
DCT
Digital Crossconnect System
DCD
CPU
Contention
Resolution Algorithm
Direct Modulated
Distributed
Feedback Laser
DCS
Continuous Wave
Codeword
CRA
DML
Digital Addressable
Network Interface
System
Digital Cable Ready
Dynamic
Channel Change
CW
CWM
Digital
Communications
(Cable) Terminal
DANIS
DCR
DCC
CW
CableHome™
QoS Portal
Delivery
Multimedia
Integration
Framework
Digital to Analog
Converter
Cable Virtual
Channel Table
Copy Protection
Technical
Working Group
CQP
DMIF
DAC
DCE
Data Circuit
Comm Equipment
DCF
Dispersion
Compensating
Fiber
DHWG
Digital Home
Working Group
DRM
Digital Rights
Management
DiffServ
Differentiated
Services
DS
Downstream
DS0
Digital Signal 0 (zero)
DSA
Dynamic Service
Addition
DSCP
Differentiated
Service Code Point
DSE
Digital Service
Encoder
DSG
DOCSIS® Settop Gateway
DSL
Digital
Subscriber Line
DSLAM
Digital Subscriber
Line Access
Multiplexer
DSM
Digital Storage
Media, DNCS
Session Manager
DSMCC
Digital Storage
Medium Command
& Control
DSMCC
UN Digital Storage
Media Command
and Control Userto-Network
Div
Division
DIX
DEC-Intel-Xerox
DLCI
Data Link
Connection Identifier
DLL
Data Link Layer
DLNA
Digital Living
Network Alliance
DLS
Down Load Server
DM
Degraded Modem
DM
Demodulator
DM
Device Manager
DM
Dispersion
Mitigation
DMA
Designated
Marketing Area
DCF
Distributed
Coordination
Function
DMB
Digital
Multimedia
Broadcasting
DCII
DigiCipher® II
DMC
DCM
Dispersion
Compensation
Module
Dual Modem
Cards
DMCA
Digital Millennium
Copyright Act
DSP
Digital Signal
Processing
DCP
Device Control Protocol
DMH
Digital Convergence
Platform
Degraded
Modem Hours
DSP
DCP
Digital Signal
Processor
DSR
DSSS
Digital Satellite
Receiver
DVS
Direct
Sequencing
Spread Spectrum
DWDM
DSTB
Digital Set-top Box
DS-UWB
Direct Sequence
Ultra-WideBand
E/I
EA-DFB
DS-x
Digital Signal (level)
DSx
Dynamic Service
Change
EAP
Digital
Transmission
Content Protection
EAS
DTCP
DTCP/5C
Digital Transmission
Content Protection/5
Companies
DTD
Dial Tone Delay
DTE
Data Terminal
Equipment
DTH
Direct To Home
DTMF
Dual Tone Multifrequency
DTV
DUN
DUT
DVB
Digital Television
Dial-Up Networking
Device Under
Test
Digital Video
Broadcast
DVBASI
DVB (Digital
Video Broadcast)
Asynchronous
Serial Interface
DVBDSNG
DVB (Digital Video
Broadcast) Digital
Satellite News
Gathering
DVB-H
DVB Handheld
DVBRCS
DVB (Digital
Video Broadcast)
Return Channel
via Satellite
DVB-S
DVB (Digital
Video Broadcast
Standard
DVB-S
DVB Satellite
DVB-T
DVB Terrestial
DVC
Digital Video
Compressor
eBIF
EBITDA
ECC
eCM
ECM
ECR
DVS
Digital Video
Standard
Gateway
FEC, Guard
time, Preamble,
Stuffing bytes
GCR
Group
Configuration
Request
FHCS
Fragment
Header Check
Sequence
GDV
Group Delay Variation
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
FHSS
Frequency
Hopping Spread
Spectrum
GEM
Globally
Executable MHP
FICON
Fiber Connection
GFL
Group Flow Label
FIFO
First In First Out
GFP
Generalized
Framing Procedure
FLR
Frame Loss Ratio
GFP-F
FM
Frequency
Modulation
Generic Framing
Procedure-Framed
GFP-T
Generic Framing
Procedure-Transparent
GFP-T
Transparent
Generalized
Framing Procedure
GGSN
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
GHz
Gigahertz
GigE
Gigabit Ethernet
GIGO
Garbage In,
Garbage Out
GIS
Geographic
Information
System
GMPLS
Generalized
MultiProtocol
Label Switching
FSCWDM
Full Spectrum
– Coarse
Wave Division
Multiplexing
FSN
Full Service Network
FSO
Free Space Optical
EXP-Inferred-PSC
Label Switch
Path
ESF
Extended
SuperFrame
ESM
EOD Server Manager
EM
Element Manager
ESP
EMC
Encoder Monitor
and Control
Encapsulating
Security Payload
ETS
Event Trigger
System
Extensible
Authentication
Protocol
Emergency Alert
System
Enhanced Binary
Interchange
Format
Earnings Before
Interest, Taxes,
Depreciation,
and Amortization
EMEA
Europe, Middle
East and Asia
EMI
Electro-Magnetic
Interference
EML
Externally
Modulated Laser
EMM
Entitlement
Management
Message
EMS
Element
Management
System
Encryption
Control Center
Embedded Cable
Modem
Entitlement
Control Message
Efficient Consumer
Response
Event Information
Scheduler/
SimulCrypt
Synchronizer
eMTA
Embedded
Multimedia
Terminal Adapter
ENDEC
Encode/Decode
ETSI
European
Telecommunication
Standards Institute
ETTH
Ethernet To The Home
FN
Fiber Node
ETTx
Ethernet To The
x (end point)
FOADM
eTV
Enhanced Television
Fixed Filter
Optical Add/
Drop Multiplexer
EVC
Ethernet Virtual
Circuit
FOD
Free on Demand
FOSC
EV-DO
Evolution-Data Only
Fiber Optic
Splice Closure
EVM
Error Vector
Magnitude
EVPL
Ethernet Virtual
Private Line
ECR
Engineering
Change Request
ENUM
Electronic
Numbering
EVPLAN
Ethernet Virtual Private
Local Area Network
EDC
Electronic
Dispersion
Compensator
E-O
Electrical-Optical
EXC
EoD
Everything on Demand
Electronic Cross
Connect
EDCA
Enhanced
Distributed
Channel Access
GNT
Grant
ExCCI
Extended CC
GOP
Group of Pictures
Erbium Doped
Fiber Amplifier
GPI
General Purpose
Interface
EDFA
EDGE
eDOCSIS™
EEPROM
EFMS
Enhanced Data
Rates for Global
Evolution
Embedded
Data-Over-Cable
Service Interface
Specifications
Electronically
Erasable
Programmable
Read Only
Memory
Error Free Seconds
EHDR
Extended Header
EIA
Electronics Industry
Association
EIC
EIGRP
EIR
Entertainment,
Information, and
Communications
Enhanced
Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol
Excess
Information Rate
EX-MOD
Externally
Modulated
EXP
Experimental
FastE
Fast Ethernet
FAT
File Allocation Table
G-PON
Gigabit Passive
Optical Network
GPRS
General Packet
Radio Service
FBI
Federal Bureau
of Investigation
GPS
Global Positioning
System
FC
Fiber Channel
FC-AL
Fiber Channel –
Arbitrated Loop
FCC
Federal
Communications
Commission
GQoS
Generic Quality
of Service
GR
Generic Requirement
GRE
Generic Routing
Encapsulation
GRM
Global Resource
Manager
GRX
GPRS (General
Packet Radio
Service) Roaming
eXchange
Error Free
Milliseconds
EFS
Digital Vision
Noise Reducer
Digital Video
Recorder
GC
FGPS
E-LSP
Ethernet in the
First Mile
DVR
Embedded
Signaling
Channel
Enterprise System
Connection
EFM
DVNR
ESC
ESCON
Recordable
Digital Versatile
Disc
Display Visual
Interface
Gigabits per Second
Ethernet Line
Aggregation
DVD+R
DVI
Module
Gbps
ELA
Expedited
Forwarding
Digital Versatile
Disc Copy Control
Association
GBIC
Fast Fourier
Transform
Encrypt/Insert
EF
DVD
CCA
Fast Forward
FFT
EIS/SCS
Digital Versatile
Disc
Rewritable Digital
Versatile Disc
FF
Exclusive Session
Dense
Wavelength
Division
Multiplex
DVD
DVD+
RW
Errored Seconds
ES
EIRP
Electro-Absorption
Modulator Integrated
Distributed Feedback
Laser
Effective Isotropic
Radiated Power
ES
Digital Video
Subcommittee
GS
Global Server
GSM
Global System
for Mobile
communications
GSMA
GSRM
GTP
Global System
for Mobile
communications
Association
Global System
Resource
Manager
156
Fabry-Perot
FPGA
FieldProgrammable
Gate Array
FPM
FEC and Packet
Multiplexer
FQDN
Fully Qualified
Domain Name
FR
Frame Relay
FRAG
Fragmentation
EoS
Ethernet over
SONET
EP
End Point
EPG
Electronic
Program Guide
EPL
Ethernet Private Line
EPON
Ethernet Passive
Optical Network
EPRI
EPROM
Electric Power
Research
Institute
Electrically
Readable
Programmable
Read Only Memory
FCP
Fibre Channel Protocol
FCRC
Fragment Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
EQAM
Edge QAM
ER
Edge Router
FDD
Frequency
Division Duplexed
ERIM
FDDI
Fiberoptic Digital
Data Interface
Erasmus Research
Institute of
Management
FDIS
Final Draft
International
Standard
ERM
Edge Resource
Manager
ERS
Encryption
Renewal System
FTA
Free to Air
FTP
File Transfer
Protocol
FTTB
Fiber to the Business
FTTC
Fiber to the Curb
FTTH
Fiber to the Home
FTTN
Fiber to the Node
FTTP
Fiber to the Premises
FTTU
Fiber to the User
FTTx
Fiber to the (endpoint)
FW
Firewall
FWM
Four-Wave Mixing
FXS
Foreign
eXchange Station
G2B
Go2BroadbandSM
GaAs
Gallium Arsenide
GARP
Generic Attribute
Registration Protocol
FDP
Face Description
ES
Errored Seconds
FE
Fast Ethernet
ES
Exclusive Session
GB
Gigabyte
Forward Error
Correction
ESC
Embedded
Signaling Channel
GB/s
Gigabits per Second
GbE
Gigabit Ethernet
GBIC
Gigabit Interface
Converter
FEC
FEC
GPRS Tunneling
Protocol
FP
Forwarding
Equivalence
Class
ESCON
ESF
Enterprise
System
Connection
Extended
SuperFrame
GUI
Graphical User
Interface
HIT
Headend
Interface Terminal
GVRP
GARP VLAN
Registration
Protocol
HITS
Headend In The Sky
GW
Gateway
GWC
Gateway
H&S
Hub and Spoke
HAN
Home Audio Video
Interoperability
HCCA
HCM
HCRP
HCS
HMAC
HMS
Home Area Network
HAVi
HCF
HLR
Headend
Management
System
Home Network
Hybrid Coordination
Function
H-Net
Home Network
HNv1
Home
Networking
Version 1
High Pass Filter
HDBH
High-Day Busy Hour
HPLMN
HDCP
High-bandwidth
Digital Content
Protection
HDR
Header
HDT
Host Digital
Terminal
HDTV
High Definition
Television
HDVOD
High-Definition
Video on Demand
IP Multimedia
Subsystem
ISDB
Integrated
Service Digital
Broadcast
IANA
Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority
INA
Interactive
Network Adaptor
IB
In-Band
I-NET
ICB
Independent
Customer Builds
Institutional
Network
INP
Input
INA
Interface Adaptor
INT
International
IntServ
Integrated Services
IP
Internet Protocol
Internet Control
Message Protocol
IPAT
Internet Protocol
Access Terminal
Incumbent Cable
Operator
IP-CAN
InterrogatingCall State
Control Function
Internet Protocol
Cellular Access
Network
IPCDN
IP over Cable
Data Network
IPDR
Internet Protocol
Detail Record
IPDT
Internet Protocol
Digital Terminal
ICC
ICE
ICE
ICMP
i-CSCF
HPF
High Definitionready Powerline
Communications
IMS
i-CSCF
High Definition
HD-PLC
Intelligent Asset
Management System
Home Phoneline
Networking
Alliance
HD
High Definition
Multimedia
Interface
IAMS
Home
PNA™
Homes Passed
HDMI
Intermodulation
Distortion
ICO
HP
High Level Data
Link Control
IMD
High-Order
Modulation
Hardware
HDLC
Interactive Advertising
Guidelines
HOM
HD
High Definition
Encoder
IAG
Internet Small
Computer
System Interface
HBO On Demand
Headend
Configuration Tool
HDE
iSCSI
HOD
HCT
High Definition
Decoder
Instant Messaging
keyed-Hashing
for Message
Authentication Code
HN
HDD
IM
Home Location
Register
Hybrid Management
Sub-layer
Hard Disk Drive
Input/Output
Hertz
HMS
HDD
Interactive
Service
Architecture
I/O
Hybrid
Coordination
function controlled
Channel Access
Header Check
Sequence
ISA
Hz
Home Media Server
Hard Copy Cable
Replacement
Interim Link
Management
Interface
Human Vision System
HMS
Hardware Control
Message
ILMI
HVS
HPNA
Home Public Land
Mobile Network
Home Phoneline
Networking Alliance
HPOV
Hewlitt Packard
Open View
HQ
High Quality
HRC
Harmonically
Related Carriers
HSA
High Speed Access
HSCI
High Speed
Cable Interface
HSD
High Speed Data
HSDPA
High Speed Downlink
Packet Access
HSE
HSI
HSP
Headset Profile
HSRP
Hot Standby
Router Protocol
HSS
Home Subscriber
Server
High Speed Serial/
Home Location Register
HE
Headend
HSS/
HLR
HEC
Headend Cable
HSUPA
High Speed Uplink
Packet Access
HEM
Headend Modem
HTML
HF
High Frequency
Hyper Text
Markup Language
HFC
Hybrid Fiber/Coax
HGW
Home Gateway
HH
HouseHold
HHP
Households Passed
HHR
Half Horizontal
Resolution
Hi-PHY
High Performance
Physical Layer
HTPC
HTTP
HVAC
HVAC
HVC
Information &
Content Exchange
Inter Chip Encryption
Interrogating-Call
State/Session
Control(ler)
Function
ID
Identifier
IDC
International
Data Group Inc.
Inter-Packet Gap
IPM
Intelligent Policy
Management
Integrated
Development
Environment
IPMP
Intellectual Property
Management &
Protection
IDE
Integrated
Device
Electronics
IPPV
Impulse Pay Per View
IPRM
iDEN
integrated
Digital Enhanced
Network
IP Rights
Management
System
IDS
IDT
Intrusion Detection
System
IEC
International
Electrotechnical
Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical
and Electronics
Engineers
IEEE-SA
Institute of Electrical
and Electronics
Engineers Standards
Association
Intermediate
Frequency
IFC
Initial First Cost
Hyper Text
Transfer Protocol
IGMP
Internet Group
Multicast Protocol
Heating, Ventilation,
and Air Conditioning
IGRP
IKE
ILEC
IPSec
IPTA
Integrated Digital
Terminal
IF
HD Video Compressor
IPG
IDE
Internet Engineering
Task Force
High Voltage
Alternating Current
Interactive
Program Guide
Inverse Discrete
Cosine Transform
IETF
Home Theatre
Personal Computer
IPG
IDCT
HD Service Encoder
High-Speed Internet
Instant Channel
Change
Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol
Internet Key Exchange
Incumbent Local
Exchange Carrier
157
ISDB-T
ISDN
ISI
IS-IS
ISM
Integrated
Services Digital
Network
Inter-Symbol
Interference
Intermediate
System-toIntermediate
System
Industrial
Scientific Medical
ISMS
Integrated Service
Management
System
ISO
International
Organization for
Standardization
ISP
Inside Plant
ISP
Internet Service
Provider
ISTP
Internet
Signaling
Transport
Protocol
Java Community Process
JMF
Java Medium
Framework
JND
Just Noticeable
Difference
JNI
Java Native Interface
JPEG
Joint
Photographic
Experts Group
JSR
Java Specification
Request
JTA
Job Task Analysis
JVM
Java Virtual Machine
JVT
Java Vision Toolkit
JVT
Joint Video Team
k
Kilo = 1000
kB
Kilobyte
kb/s
Kilobits per Second
kbps
Kilobits per Second
KDC
Key Distribution
Center
KDCF
Korea Digital
Cable Forum
kHz
Kilohertz
KLS
Key List Server
km
Kilometer
KP
Kernel Processor
KSA
Knowledge, Skills
& Abilities
ksym/s
Kilosymbols Per Second
ksym/
sec
Kilosymbols Per Second
KTTA
Korean
Telecommunications
Technology
Association
ISUP
Integrated Services
Digital Network
User Part
ISV
Independent
Software Vendor
IT
Information
Technology
kVA
1000 Volt Amperes
ITA
Interactive
Television
Association
kW
Kilowatt
l
Current
International
Telecommunications
Union
L/R
Left/Right
L2
Level 2
International
Telecommunication
Union Telecommunication
Standardization
Sector
L2TP
Layer-2
Tunneling
Protocol
L2TPv3
Layer-2
Tunneling
Protocol
Version 3
LAeq
Long-term
A-weighted
loudness
EQuivalent
LAN
Local Area
Network
Local Access and
Transport Area
Internet Protocol
Security
Internet Protocol
Transport
Agreement
Integrated
Services Digital
Broadcasting
-Terrestrial
JCP
ITU
ITU-T
IPTV
Internet Protocol
Television
IPv4
Internet Protocol
version 4
IR
Infrared
iTV
Interactive Television
IRD
Integrated
Receiver/Decoder
IUC
Interval Usage Code
IVR
Interactive Voice
Response
IVRM
Intelligent
Video Resource
Manager
IWF
Internetworking
Function
LATA
IWF
InterWorking
Function
LC
Local Convergence
LCAS
Link Capacity
Adjustment
Scheme
LCC
Life-Cycle Cost
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
IRI
Industrial
Reporting Inc
IRR
Internal Rate of
Return
IRT
Integrated
Receiver/
Transcoder
IRTDBG
Integrated Receiver
Transmitter
DeBuG
IS
Information Systems
IS
International
Standard
IXC
Interexchange
Carrier
IXP
Internet Exchange
Provider
J2ME
Java2 MicroEdition
LCP
Local Convergence
Point
LCS
Line Code Signaling
LD
Long Distance
LDAP
LDP
Lightweight
Directory Access
Protocol
Label Distribution
Protocol
M/U
Modulator/
Upconverter
Model Driven
Architecture
MSE
National Cable &
Telecommunications
Association
NNTP
Network News
Transfer Protocol
Mobile Digital
Recorder
Multi-Standard
Encoder
NCTA
MDR
msec
Millisecond
NDA
Network
Operations Center
Multiple Dwelling Unit
MSFT
Microsoft Corporation
Non-Disclosure
Agreement
NOC
MDU
MSN
Microsoft Network
NPAC
MSO
Multiple System
Operator
Network
Dimensioning
Engine
Number Portability
Multi-TV Digital
Video Recorder
NDE
NP
mDVR
Number Portability
Administration
Center
MSPP
Multi-Service
Provisioning Platform
MB/s
MB-AFF
Megabytes per
Second
Macro Block Adaptive
Frame/Field
Mbits/
sec
Megabits per
Second
MBOA
MultiBand
OFDM Alliance
MEN
Metro Ethernet
Network
MBOFDM
Multiband
Orthogonal
Frequency Domain
Modulation
MER
Modulation Error Ratio
Multifield
Multifrequency
MG
Media Gateway
Control(ler)
MGC
Media Gateway
Media Gateway
Control(ler) Function
MOS
Mean Opinion
Score
MP
Media Player
MP@HL
Main Profile @
High Level
MGCP
Local Number
Portability
Media Gateway
Control Protocol
MGW
Media GateWay
LO
Local Origination
MHP
LOADM
Lightweight
Optical Add/
Drop Multiplexer
Multimedia
Home Platform
Label Switched Path
Legacy Set-top Profile
LSR
Label Switch Router
LTC
Longitudinal
Time Code
LTS
Long Term
Storage
LUA
Last User Activity
LVI
LWP
Low Voltage
Integrator
Low Water Peak
MHz
Megahertz
MIB
Management
Information Base
MIDP
MIMO
Micro-ElectroMechanical
Systems
MF
Low Noise Blockdownconverter
MGCF
MEMS
MF
LNB
LSP
Multiple Channel
Per Carrier
Megabaud
Link Management
Protocol
LSP
Media Center
Personal Computers
Mbaud
LMP
Least Significant Byte
Network-Network
Interface
MDA
MegaByte per
Second
LSB
NNI
National Network
Operations Center
MBps
Least Recently
Used
Network
Management System
NNOC
Link Management
Interface
LRU
Next Century Media
Network-based
Call Signaling
LMI
Linear Pulse
Code Modulation
NCM
Nanometer
NMS
NCS
Megabits per
Second
LPCM
Network
Mobile Switching
Center
Mbps
Long Play
NC
MSC
Local Multipoint
Distribution Service
LP
Standard 10
Gigabit Ethernet
Connector
Non-Line of Sight
nm
Network Control System
Low Earth Orbit
a.k.a The Blaster Worm
MSA300
NLOS
NCS
LEO
LovSAN
Millisecond
Network Interface Unit
Most Significant Byte
Length
Loss of Signal
ms
NIU
MSB
LEN
LOS
Master Server
Network
Information Table
Message-Digest
Algorithm
Megabits per
Second
Line Of Sight
MS
NIT
MDA
Mb/s
LOS
Non BackwardsCompatible
Broadcast Services
Motion
Compensated
Temporal Filtering
Light Emitting Diode
LNP
NBC-BS
MCTF
LED
LMDS
Multi Router
Traffic Grapher
MCPC
Megabyte
Label-OnlyInferred-PSC LSP
MRTG
Metropolitan
Area Network
MB
Logical Link Control
Network Address
Translation
MAN
Local Exchange
Carrier
L-LSP
NAT
MC-PC
LEC
LLC
Multimedia Resource
Function Processor
National Institute
of Standards and
Technology
Moves, Adds,
Changes, Deletes
MPEG-Aware
Switch
Long Haul Dense
Wave Division
Multiplex
MRFP
NIST
MACD
MAS
LH
DWDM
Network Access
Attachment Function(s)
CMTS
Local Digital Switch
Long Format
Advertising
NASS
Media Access Control
LDS
LFA
Multimedia
Resource Function
MAC
Main Audio
Program
Low Frequency
Modular Cable Modem
Termination System
MRFC
M-
MAP
Label Edge Router
MC
Motion Compensation
MTP-3 User
Adaptation
Low Density
Parity Check
LF
Mission Bit Stream
M3UA
LDPC
LER
MBS
MP3
MPEG-2 Layer 3
MPAA
Motion Picture
Association of
America
MPBGP
Mobile Information
Device Profile
Multiple Input,
Multiple Output
MultiProtocol
Border Gateway
Protocol
MPC
Media Player
MPDU
MAC (Media
Access Control)
Protocol Data Unit
MIP
Mobile IP
MIPS
Million Instructions
Per Second
MPE
Multi Protocol
Encapsulation
ML@
MP
Main Level @
Main Profile
MPEG
Moving Pictures
Expert Group
MLD
Multicast Listener
Discovery
MM
Multimedia
MMD
Multipoint Microwave
Distribution
MMI
Man Machine Interface
MMT
Modulation
Mode Table
MPTS
Multiple Program
Transport Stream
MOCA
Multimedia Over
Coax Alliance
MPTSTE
MPLS – Traffic
Engineering
MOD
Movies on Demand
MQ
Medium Quality
MOF
Meta Object Facility
M-QAM
M-ary Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation
MPEGTS
Moving Pictures
Expert Group
Transport Stream
MPLS
Multiprotocol
Label Switching
MPS
Modular
Processing System
Msps
Mega-Symbols
per Second
MSR
Multi-Standard
Receiver
MSRP
Manufacturer’s
Suggested Retail Price
MTA
Multimedia
Terminal Adapter
MTBF
Mean Time
Between Failures
MTP-3
Message Transfer
Part Level 3
MTTF
Mean-Time-To-Failure
MTTR
Mean Time- To- Repair
MTTU
Mean Time to
Understand
MUX
Multiplexer
MV
Motion Vector
MVNO
Mobile Virtual
Network Operator
MVoD
Northbound
Interface
NDMH
Non-Degraded
Modem Hours
NPR
Noise Power Ratio
NDVR
Network Digital
Video Recording
NPT
Network
Performance Tool
NE
Network Element
nPVR
NEBS
Network
Equipment
Building System
Network-based
Personal Video
Recorder
NRSS
NEMA
National
Electrical
Manufactures
Association
Network
Renewable
Security Standard
NRTC
National Rural
Telecommunications
Cooperative
NEMS
Network Element
Management
System
nRTP
Non Real-time
Transport
Protocol
NETBIOS
Network Version
of Basic Input/
Output System
nrtPS
Non-Real Time
Polling Service
NF
Noise Figure
NRVC
Noise Reduction
Video Compression
NFS
Network File System
NRZ
NG STB
Next Generation
Set-Top Box
NonReturn to
Zero
ns
Nanosecond
NG-L1
Next Generation Layer 1
NSI
NGN
Next Generation
Network
Network Side
Interface
NSP
NGNA
Next Generation
Network Architecture
Network Service
Provider
NTIA
National
Telecommunications
and Information
Administration
NTP
Network Time
Protocol
NTS
Near Term
Storage
NTSC
National
Television System
Committee
NTSC
National
Television System
Committee
NVM
Non-Volatile
Memory
NVOD
Near Video-OnDemand
NW
Network
MVP
Multi-View Profile
MZ
Mach-Zehnder
NGO
NABTS
North American
Broadcast Teletext
Standard
Non-Government
Organization
ngOSS
NANPA
North American
Numbering Plan
Administration
Next Generation
Operations
Support System
ngSONET
Next Generation
Synchronous
Optical NETwork
NI
Network Interface
NIC
Network
Interface Card
NID
Network
Interface Device
NIM
Network
Interface Module
NIS
Network Infrastructure
Solutions
NAP
Network Access Point
NAPT
Network Address &
Protocol Translation
NAS
National
Authorization Service
NAS
NASRAC
158
Mobile Video on
Demand
NBI
Network
Attached Storage
National Authorization
Service–Regional
Access
O/E
Optical Signal-toElectrical Signal
Conversion
OOK
On-Off-Keying
PN
Program Number
OSW
Optical Switch
PDG
Packet Data Gateway
OOO
Optical-OpticalOptical
PNA
Phone Network
Alliance
OTDR
PDH
Plesiochronous
Digital Hierarchy
Optical Add/
Drop Multiplexer
OpEx
Operations
Expenditure
PO
Purchase Order
Optical Time
Domain
Reflectometer
PDI
Path Defect Indicator
OTN
Optical Transition Node
OAM
Operations,
Administration, &
Maintenance
OpLT
Optical Line
Termination
OTU-N
Optical Transport Unit
OAM&P
Operations,
Administration,
Maintenance &
Provisioning
OpTN
Optical Transport
Network
ORX
Optical Receiver
OpenCable™
Application
Platform
OS
Operating System
OADM
OCAP
OC-CC
OC-CFR
OpenCable™
CableCARD™
OpenCable™ Core Functional
Requirements
OSA
OSC
On-Screen Display
OSGi
Open Services
Gateway
Initiative
Optical Carrier (level)
OCSP
Online Certificate
Status Protocol
OSI
Office of Cable
Signal Theft
OSMINE
OCST
Optical Supervisory
Channel
Point of
Deployment
OTX
Optical Transmitter
PDP
PON
Passive Optical
Network
OUI
Organizationally
Unique Identifier
Policy Decision
Point
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
POP
Point Of Presence
OWG
PDW
POP3
Post Office
Protocol 3
Polarization
Dependent
Wavelength
OXC
Research and
Development
PACM
Relative Humidity
Plain Old
Telephone System
Provisioning,
Activation,
Configuration &
Management
R.H.
POTS
PER
Packet Error Rate
RACF
PES
Packetized
Elementary Stream
Resource Access
Control Facility
RACS
PESQ
Perceptual Evaluation
of Speech Quality
Resource &
Admission Control
Function(s)
PHB
Per-hop Behavior
RADD
Remote Addressable
DANIS/DLS
PHS
Payload Header
Suppression
RADIUS
Remote Authentication
Dial-in User Service
RAID
Redundant Array Of
Inexpensive Disks
RAM
Random Access
Memory
RAN
Radio Access Network
RAP
Regional Access
Point
RAP
Resource
Allocation Protocol
RARP
Reverse Address
Resolution Protocol
RBOC
Regional Bell
Operating Company
Post-pickup Delay
Programmable
Processing Element
PAN
Personal Area
Network
PPP
Point-to-Point
Protocol
PAR
PPPoA
PPP over ATM
Project
Authorization
Request
Optical Signal-toNoise Ratio
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol
over Ethernet
PPT
Power Passing Tap
Open Shortest
Path First
PPTP
O-E
Optical-Electrical
OSS
Operational
Support System
Optical Ethernet
Virtual Private Line
OEV
PLAN
Optical Ethernet
Virtual Private
Local Area
Network
OFC
OFDM
Optical Fiber
Communication
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
OH
Overhead
OIU
Organizationally
Unique Identifier
OJT
On-The-Job Training
OLT
Optical Line Terminal
OM
Out of Band
Modulator
OMA
Open Mobile Alliance
OMG
Object Management
Group
PAL
Phase Alternating Line
PARM
Parameter
PHY
Physical (layer)
PAT
Port Address
Termination
PID
Packet Identifier
Point-to-Point
Tunneling Protocol
PAT
Program Association
Table
PID
Program Identifier
PIM
Pay per View
PBIA
PRBS
Pseudo-Random
Binary Sequence
Personal
Broadband
Industry
Association
Protocol Independent
Multicast
PPV
PIM-SM
Protocol Independent
Multicast – Sparse
Mode
Pseudo-Random
Bits Stream
PBP
Personal Basis Profile
PSQM
PBR
Policy Based Routing
Perceptual
Spec Quality
Measurement
OSS Interface
PIN
Personal Identification
Number
PRBS
PIN
Positive-IntrinsicNegative
PRCF
Positioning Radio
Coordination Function
PBX
Private Branch
Exchange
Packet Internet
Gopher
PRI
Primary Rate Interface
PC
PacketCable™
PRM
Polarization
Recovery Module
PC
Personal
Computer
Pseudo Random
Number Generators
PCI
Peripheral
Component
Interconnect
PING
PIP
Picture In Picture
PKI
Public Key
Infrastructure
PRNG
Packet
PRV
Privacy
Packet Loss
PS
Policy Server
PKT
PL
PS
Portal Services
PS
Power Supply
PS
Public Land
Mobile Network
PLT
Powerline
Telecommunications
PM
Performance
Monitoring
PSIP
Program & System
Information Protocol
Permanent
Message Buffer
PSK
Phase Shift Keying
PSK
PreShared Key
PSNR
Peak Signal to
Noise Ratio
PLC
Packet Loss
Concealment
PLC
Powerline
Communications
PLMN
PMB
PMD
PMI
Polarization
Mode Dispersion
Packet Multiplex
Interface
Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying
R&D
Outside Plant
OEVPL
Quality of Service
QPSK
Policy Enforcement
Point
OSPF
Optical Ethernet
Private Local
Area Network
QOS
PEP
OSP
OEPLAN
Quality of
Experience
Point to Point
Optical Ethernet
Optical Ethernet
Private Line
QoE
Peer to Peer
OE
OEPL
Quantization
Level Processor
P2P
Open Digital
Rights Language
OSSI
QLP
P2P
ODRL
Optical-toElectrical-to-Optical
Quantization
Level/Bit Rate
Plain Old
Telephone Service
Optical Carrier (level)
O-E-O
Public, Education,
Government
Quantization Level
QL/BR
Packet Over SONET
Outlet Digital
Adapter
Original Equipment
Manufacturer
PEG
QL
POTS
ODA
OEM
Optical Cross Connect
QoS prioritized
Forwarding and
Media Access
POS
OC-x
OSNR
OnRamp
Working Group
PPE
Operations
Systems
Modification for
the Integration of
Network Elements
Polarization
Dependent Loss
Path Overhead
PPD
Open Systems
Interconnect
PDL
POH
Open Service Access
OSD
OCn
POD
QFM
PCM
Pulse Code
Modulation
PSTN
Public Switched
Telephone
Network
PSTN
Public Switched
Telephone
Network
PTK
Pairwise
Temporal Key
RBW
Resolution Bandwidth
RCA
Root Cause Analysis
RCV
Receiver
RDI
Remote Defect
Indicator
PTS
Program
Transport Stream
ReTP
Real Time Protocol
PTT
Postal, Telegraph
& Telephone
ReCOM
Rear-Chassis
Output Module
PCMCIA
Personal
Computer
Memory Card
PTV
PowerTV
REL
Provisioning
Server
PCMM
PacketCable™
Multimedia
PVC
Permanent
Virtual Circuit
Rights Expression
Language
REQ
Request
PSA
PacketCable
Service Agreement
PCR
Peak Cell Rate
PVC
ResApp
Resident Application
PSI
Program Specific
Information
PCR
Program Clock
Reference
Private Virtual
Circuit
RF
Radio Frequency
RFC
Request for
Comment
RFP
Request for
Proposal
PSP
Packet Streaming
Protocol
PCS
P-CSCF
PDA
PVR
Personal
Communications
System
Personal Video
Recorder
PWE3
Proxy-Call
State/Session
Control(ler)
Function
Pseudo-Wire
End-to-End
Working Group
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation
RG
Residential
Gateway
QBP
QoS Boundary Point
RIAA
QCC
QoS Characteristics
Management Client
Recording Industry
Association of
America
QCS
QoS Characteristics
Management Server
RIM
Rear-Chassis
Input Module
QEF
Quasi-Error Free
RIN
Relative Intensity
Noise
Personal Digital
Assistant
ONDS
Optical Node
Distribution Switch
PMK
Pairwise Master Key
PDD
Post-dial Delay
ONT
Optical Network
Termination
PML
Packet Multiplex
Link
PSP
Packet Success
Probability
PDF
Policy Distribution
Function
OOB
Out-of-Band
PMP
Point to MultiPoint
PSQ
PDF
PMT
Program Map Table
Packet Streaming
Queue
Probability Density
Function
159
RIP
Routing Information
Protocol
RISC
Reduced Instruction
Set Computer
RJ
Registered Jack
RKS
S/IMP
Standard Industrial
Classification
SPIT
Source Identification
– Automatic
Measurement of
Lineups
SpIM
Splice Information
Message
SPM
Self phase Modulation
SPP
Serial Port Profile
Shortest
InterFrame Space
SPTS
Single Program
Transport Stream
SIM
Subscriber
Identity Module
SQL
Structured Query
Language
SIP
Session Initiation
Protocol
SR
Satellite Receiver
SR
Switch Router
SRAM
Static Random
Access Memory
SRM
System Resource
Manager
Small Computer
System Interface
SIC
SCTE
Society of Cable
Telecommunications
Engineers
SID
AMOL
SD
Standard Definition
SDB
Switched Digital
Broadast
SIFS
SDH
Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy
SDI
Serial Digital
Interface
Signal-to-Impulse
Ratio
SCSI
S/N
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SAC
Subscriber
Authorization Center
Record-Keeping
Server
SAG
RM
Resource Manager
SAN
Storage Area Network
RMS
Root Mean Square
SAP
RMX
Remux
Secondary Audio
Program
RNOC
Regional Network
Operations Center
SAP
Service Access Point
SARA
Scientific-Atlanta
Resident Application
SDIO
Secure Digital
Input/Output
SAS
Subscriber
Authorization System
SDK
Software
Development Kit
SIT
Simple
DirectMedia Layer
SL
Sync Layer
SmartStream
Device Manager
SLA
Service Level
Agreement
Severely Degraded
Modem Hours
SLC
Shorten Last Codeword
SLIC
Subscriber Line
Interface Card
SLM
Signal Level Meter
RO
ROADM
ROAP
Read Only
Re-configurable
Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexing
SATA
Synthetic Analog
Gateway
Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment
SDL
Rights Object
Acquisition Protocol
SAW
Surface Acoustic
Wave
ROB
Return on
Bandwidth
SB
Switched Broadcast
ROI
Return on
Investment
SBC
Switched
Broadcast Client
ROM
Read Only
Memory
SBCA
Satellite Broadcasting
Communication
Association
SDP
Session Description
Protocol
SDPF
RPD
Return Path
Demodulator
SBM
Switched Broadcast
Manager
RPM
Revolutions per
Minute
SBS
Stimulated Brilliouin
Scattering
RPR
Resilient Packet Ring
SBS
Switched
Broadcast Server
SBV
Switched
Broadcast Video
SBW
Signal Bandwidth
SC/APC
Standard
Connector/Angled
Physical Contact
RS
Reed-Solomon
RSA
Reed-Solomon
Association
RSA
Rivest-Shawir-Adleman
(crypto algorithm)
RSM
Remote Satellite
Modulator
RSU
Resynchronization
Software Utility
SCADA
Supervisory Control
& Data Acquisition
RSVP
Resource reSerVation
Protocol
S-CDMA
Synchronous
Code Division
Multiple Access
RSVPTE
Resource Reservation
Protocol with Traffic
Engineering
RT
Real Time
RTI
Real Time Ingest
RTN
SCE
SCM
Single Channel
Encoder
SDM
SDMH
SDMI
SDRAM
SDTV
SID
SISO
Secure Digital
Music Initiative
Service Identifier
Single-Input
Single-Output
Splice Information
Table
TELR
Talker Echo
Loudness Rating
TFC
Tunable Filter Chip
Single Encoder
SMTP
SSP
SEM
SmartStream
Encryptor Modulator
Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol
Session Setup
Protocol
SEP
Simulcast Edge
Processor
SNG
Satellite News
Gathering
STAMP
Set-top Applications
& Middleware
Platform
SNMP
Simple Network
Management Protocol
STB
Set-Top Box
SNR
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
STG
Serializer/
Deserializer
SOA
Semiconductor
Optical Amplifier
Subscriber
Telephony
Gateway
SFID
Shared Content
Network
Service Flow
Identifier
SOH
State of Health
RTT
Round-trip Time
SCO
SOHO
Small Office/
Home Office
RU
Rack Unit
Synchronous
Connection Oriented
RW
Rewind
RX
Receiver
Signal-toInterference Ratio
Triggered Event
Command
SE
Service Class Name
S/I
Time & Date Table
TEC
Standard Single
Mode Fiber
SCN
SFP
Small Formfactor Pluggable
SG
Service Group
SG
Signaling Gateway
SGC
Signaling Gateway
SP
Service Provider
SGW
Security GateWay
SPAN
Services & Protocols for
Advanced Networks
SPDF
Synchronous
Piggybacked Data Flow
SCR
Silicon Controlled
Rectifier
SHA-1
Secure Hash
Algorithm 1
SCS
Service
Capability Server
SHDB
s-CSCF
Serving-Call State/
Session Control(ler)
Function
Switched HighDefinition Digital
Broadcast
SI
System Information
Square Foot
TDT
SSMF
SCN
s.f.
Time Division
Multiplexing over
Internet Protocol
Standalone Multimedia
Terminal Adaptor
Real Time
Streaming Protocol
Return to Zero
Differential Phase
Shift keying
TDMoIP
S-MTA
RTSP
RZ-DPSK
Time Division
Multiple Access
Standard Definition
Video-on-Demand
Scalable Orthogonal
Frequency Division
Multiplexing
Return to Zero
TDMA
SDVOD
S-OFDM
SONET
160
Synchronous
Optical Network
SPDIF
Sony/Philips
Digital Interface
SPE
Synchronous
Payload Envelope
Tandem Connection
Monitoring
Time Division
Multiplexing
Source Specific
Multicast
SuperFrame
TCM
TDM
SSM
SF
Transaction Capabilities
Application Part
Time Division Duplex
Service Management
System
Real-time
Transport Protocol
TCAP
TDD
Secure Sockets Layer
RTP
Transmission
Convergence
Transmission
Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
SSL
Systems on a Chip
Terabits per Second
TC
TCP/IP
Society of Motion
Picture & Television
Engineers
SoC
To Be Determined
Tbps
Transmission
Control Protocol
SMPTE
Service Flow
Terabyte
TBD
TCP
Synchronous
Serial Interface
SF
TB
Solid State Disk
Secure Shell
Serial Copy
Management
System
Tier Addressed
Message
Single Sideband
SSI
SCMS
TAM
SSD
SSH
Real Time
Operating System
A Telecommunications
Standard Committee
T1
SSB
Single Mode Fiber
RTOS
T1
Total Cost of
Ownership
SMF
Simple Object
Access Protocol
System
Integration & Test
TCO
Synchronous
Direct Random
Access Memory
SOAP
System Log
SYST
Trellis Coded
Modulation
Small &Medium
Enterprise
Severely Errored
Seconds
Synchronization Profile
TCM
SME
SES
SYNC
SYSLOG
Signaling System
number 7
Small & Medium
Business
Sequenced
Routing Table
Protocol
Short Reach as in
1000Base-SX
SS7
SMS
SeRTP
Software
SX
Sequenced Routing
Update Protocol
SMB
Standard Definition
Television
SW
SRUP
Service Policy
Decision Function
Sub-Carrier
Multiplexing
RZ
Secure Realtime Transport
Protocol
Single Mode
SCM
Single Channel
Per Carrier
SRTP
SM
Regional Transport
Network
SCPC
Stimulated
Raman Scattering
Switched Digital
Video
SERDES
Service Control
Platform
SRS
SDV
Stored Content
Manager
SCP
SPAM over IP
Telephony
STL
Studio-toTransmitter Link
TFF
hin Film Filter
TFTP
Trivial File
Transfer Protocol
STM
Synchronous
Transport Module
TGCP
STP
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Trunking Gateway
Control Protocol
TGS
STS
Synchronous
Transport Signal
Ticket Granting
Server
THz
Terahertz
STT
Set-top Terminal
TIA
STT
System Time Table
Telecommunication
Industry Association
STTD
Space Time
Transmit Diversity
TIA
Trans Impedance
Amplifier
STUN
Simple Transversal
of UDP (User
Datagram Protocol)
TIPHON
Telecommunications
& Internet Protocol
Harmonization Over
Networks
SU
Subscriber Unit
TISPAN
SUT
System Under Test
SVOD
Subscription
Video on Demand
Telecom & Internet
Services & Protocols
for Advanced
Networks
TKIP
SVP
Secure Video
Processor
Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol
TL1
Transaction
Language One
TLS
Transparent LAN
Service
UCC
Upstream
Channel Change
USM
User-based
Security Model
VoDSL
Video over Digital
Subscriber Line
TLS
Transport Layer
Security
UCD
Upstream Channel
Descriptor
UTI
Universal Transport
Interface
VoIP
TLV
Type, Length, Value
UCID
UTP
TMX
Transport Multiplexer
Upstream
Channel Identifier
Unshielded
Twisted Pair
TN
Transit Node
Uplink Control
System
UWB
Ultra Wideband
V
Voltage
V/A
TNCS
UCS
WiMedia
XML
Voice over
Internet Protocol
An alliance
for Wireless
Multimedia
Extensible
Markup
language
WIP
Work in Process
XMOD
Cross Modulation
VoWi-Fi
Voice over Wi-Fi
WLAN
xOD
VP
Voltage Peak
Wireless Local
Area Network
VPI
Virtual Path
Identifier
WM
Wave Multiplexing
or Wave Mixing
X-service on
Demand (i.e.,
Movies on
Demand)
VPL
Virtual Private Line
WM9
Windows Media
Player, version 9
xoIP
Video/Audio
Anything Over
Internet Protocol
WMAN
Wireless
Metropolitan
Area Network
XPM
Cross-Phase
Modulation
xPON
WME
Wireless
Multimedia
Extension
X version of
Passive Optical
Network
xVOD
WMM
Wi-Fi MultiMedia
WMMSA
Wi-Fi MultiMedia
Standards
Association/
Alliance
X version (or
form) of Video
on Demand (i.e.,
Subscription,
Near, etc.)
xWDM
Non-specific
form of Wave
Multiplex
y/y
Year Over Year
ZWP
Zero Water Peak
ZWPF
Zero Water Peak
Fiber
Transmission Network
Control System
UDDI
Universal Description,
Discover & Integration
TOADM
Tunable Optical Add/
Drop Multiplexer
UDLR
Uni-Directional
Link Routing
VAC
Volts Alternating
Current
VPLS
Virtual Private
LAN Service
TOD
Television on
Demand
UDP
User Datagram
Protocol
VAD
Voice Activity
Detection
VPN
Virtual Private
Network
ToD
Time of Day
UDP/IP
Voice Access
Gateway
VPWS
Theft of Service
User Datagram
Protocol/Internet
Protocol
VAG
TOS
TOS
Type of Service
TP
Transport
Processor
TPL
TDM Private Line
TPS
Transport
Parameter
Signaling
TR
Technical Reference
TRI
Telephony Return
Interface
TRP
Target Rating
Points
tRTO
TCP Retransmit
Timeout
UDSL
UDWDM
UEQ
UGS
VBI
Vertical Blanking
Interval
VQ
Vector
Quantization
VBR
Variable Bit Rate
VRF
VBRNRT
Variable Bit Rate
– Non-Real Time
Virtual Routing
& Forwarding
Tables
VBR-RT
Variable Bit Rate
– Real Time
VRN
Video-Rich
Navigation
VRNAV
Video-Rich
Navigation
Audio/Visual
Unidirectional Digital
Subscriber Line
Ultra Dense
Wave Division
Multiplex
Universal Edge QAM
(Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation)
Unsolicited Grant
Service
VC
Virtual Channel
VC-1
Video Compression
(Coding) 1
(Formerly VC-9-Soon to be VCAT)
UGS/
AD
UGS with Activity
Detection
UHF
Ultra High
Frequency
VCAT
Virtual
Concatenation
UI
User Interface
VCI
Virtual Channel
Identifier
TSI
Time Slot
Interchange
UKL
Unit Key List
TSID
Transport Stream
Identifier
UMA
Unlicensed
Mobile Access
TSP
Television Service
Processor
UML
Unified Modeling
Language
VCO
T-SPEC
Traffic SPECification
Virtual Channel
Override
UMTS
TSR
Technical Service
Representative
Universal Mobile
Telecommunications
System
VCO
Voltage Cut Off
VCR
Unbundled
Network Element
Video Cassette
Recorder
TSS
Telephony Switching
Sub-System
UNE
TTL
Time-to-Live
UNE-P
TTLS
Tunnel Transparent
Layer Security
TTS
UNI
Text To Speech
Unbundled
Network Element
- Platform
User Network
Interface
TURN
Traversal Using
Relay NAT (Network
Address Translation)
U-NII
Unlicensed National
Information
Infrastructure
TV
Television
UPA
Usability
Professionals’
Association
TVCT
TVOD
Terrestrial Virtual
Channel Table
Television on
Demand
UPrS
UPnP
Uplink Product
Support
Universal Plug
& Play
TWC
Time Warner Cable
TX
Transmit
UPS
TXOP
Transmission
Opportunity
Uninterruptible
Power Supply
URI
Uniform Resource
Identifier
URL
Uniform Resource
Locator
U/S
Upstream
UA
User Agent
U-ASPD
Unscheduled Automatic Power
Save Delivery
US
Upstream
USB
Universal Serial Bus
Unspecified Bit Rate
USF
Universal Service
Fund
UBR
Virtual Private
Wire Service
VCM
VCM
VRTX
Virtual Real-Time
Extension
VS
Video Server
VSA
Vector Signal
Analyzer
VSAT
Very Small
Aperture Terminal
VSB
Vestigial
Sideband
VT
Virtual Tributary
VTS
Video Transport
Service
WAN
Wide Area Network
WCD
Wideband
Channel
Descriptor
WCDMA
Wireless Code
Division Multiple
Access
Variable Coding
& Modulation
Virtual Channel
Table
VDC
Volts Direct Current
VDLM
Virtual Data Line
Monitor
VDSL
Very High-bitrate Digital
Subscriber Line
WCM
Wideband Cable
Modem
WCMTS
Wideband Cable
Modem Termination
System
VDT
Video Dial Tone
VER
Virtual Ethernet
Ring
WDM
Wave Division
Multiplex
VF
Voice Frequency
WECA
VHF
Very High
Frequency
Wireless Ethernet
Compatibility
Alliance
WEP
VHS
Video Home
System
Wired Equivalent
Privacy
WFA
VLAN
Virtual Local
Area Network
Workforce
Automation
WFM
Workforce
Management
WiFi
Wireless Fidelity
WiMax
Worldwide
Interoperability
for Microwave
Access
VLL
Virtual Leased Line
VLR
Visitor Location
Register
VM
Virtual Machine
VN
Voltage Null
VOD
Video on
Demand
161
Wavelet
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
WPA
Wireless (Wi-Fi)
Protected Access
WPAFSK
Wireless (Wi-Fi)
Protected Access
with Pre-Shared
Key
WPAN
Wireless Personal
Area Network
WPE
Virtual Channel Map
VCT
WOFDM
WRED
Wireless Plant
Extension
Weighted
Random Early
Detection
WSDL
Web Services
Definition
Language
WSS
Wavelength
Selective Switch
WWAN
Wireless Wide
area Network
WWDM
Wide WDM
XAUI
10 Gigabit Ethernet
Attachment Unit
Interface
xDSL
Any variant
of the Digital
Subscriber Line
technology
XENPAK
Fiber Optic
Transceiver
Module
conforming to
10GigE Standard
XFP
10-Gigabit Small
Form-factor
Pluggable
xHTML
Extensible
Hypertext
Markup
Language
XMI
Metadata
XML
Interchange
Additional Reading and Web Listings
Additional Reading
For more information, check these publications:
Cable Television
By: William Grant (text book)
Society of Cable Television Engineers, Inc.
140 Philips Road
Exton, PA 19341-1318
Phone: 610-363-6888
Fax: 610-363-5898
Wireless Cable and SMATV
By: Steve Berkhoff and Frank Baylin
Baylin Publications (paperback)
1905 Mariposa
Boulder, CO 80302
Phone: 303-449-4551
Fax: 303-939-8720 Website Listings
Web Listings
www.antennaweb.org
www.fcc.gov
www.acronyms.silmaril.ie/cgi-bin/uncgi/acronyms
www.lyngsat.com
www.satsig.net
www.satellite-calculations.com
www.geo-orbit.org
www.satnews.com
www.scte.org
Reference, Products
Ben Sexton - Off-Air Products
Federal Communications Commission - CATV Rules
Acronym Search
Satellite Information
Satellite Signals Information - Internet Service
Online Satellite Calculations
Satellite Lookup
Glossary
Society of Cable Television Engineers
Blonder Tongue Technical Solutions
Blonder Tongue Technical Solutions Group (TSG) provides our customers with the information and services
they need to deliver exceptional cable television (analog to the digital applications) and broadband services:
Telephone Technical Support (Product Information & Troubleshooting), System Design Engineering, On-Site
Field Support, Headend Site Survey, Maintenance Visits to Monitor Performance, Complete System Verification
Testing, On-Site Service Contracts. The fees for these services are based on the complexity of the system.
Please call us at 800-523-6049 ext. 4217 or email techsupport@blondertongue.com.
TSG Training Seminars
All seminars are technically-oriented and are not intended to be a product sales promotion. Instructors are
staffed by Blonder Tongue’s own Technical Solutions Group. Course content includes system theory, design
engineering, product applications and hands-on equipment instruction. Attendees range from Installers,
Engineers, Consultants, AV Specifiers & Administrators, Distributor Sales & Service Personnel. Sponsor your
own Blonder Tongue Technical Training Seminar of 15 or more at your facility by calling us at 800-523-6049
ext. 4261
162
Notes
Notes
One Jake Brown Road
Old Bridge, NJ 08857-1000 USA
(800) 523-6049 • FAX: (732) 679-4353

BROADBAND - Blonder Tongue

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