HIV/AIDS Powerpoint

HIV/AIDS Update 2012
Education Department
1-877- TO LIAAC
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WHAT IS LIAAC?
!  LIAAC
is a private, not-for profit, community-based agency
!  LIAAC
serves both Nassau and Suffolk Counties
!  Our
HOTLINE is the lifeline of LIAAC
!  LIAAC
has three functions:
"  Client
services
"  Advocacy
"  Prevention education
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WORLDWIDE STATISTICS
! 
At the end of 2010 there were an estimated 34 million
people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide.
! 
16.8 million are women.
! 
3.4 million are children under 15 years old.
! 
In 2010, 2.7 million people reportedly became
infected with HIV
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UNITED STATES STATISTICS 2009
!  An
estimated 1.5 million people in the US were
living with HIV/AIDS.
!  440,000
!  An
estimated 70,000 people newly infected with HIV.
!  1,142,714
!  It
were living with AIDS.
cumulative reported AIDS cases.
is estimated that 21% of people infected are
undiagnosed or unaware of their infection.
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STATISTICS
!  Top
5 states with the highest number of cumulative AIDS
cases:
1.  New York
(201,871)
2.  California (161,695)
3.  Florida (122,278)
4.  Texas (79,967)
5.  New Jersey (55,292)
! New York
has the highest number of
cumulative AIDS cases in the entire
country.
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NEW YORK STATE STATISTICS, 2009
!  201, 871
cumulative AIDS cases.
!  127,384
people living with HIV/AIDS.
!  26%
of newly diagnosed HIV cases have a
concurrent AIDS diagnosis, an additional 12% show
an AIDS diagnosis within 12 months.
!  NY
had more cumulative AIDS cases than 35
individual states.
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NASSAU & SUFFOLK STATISTICS, 2009
!  5,913
people living with HIV/AIDS
!  379
new HIV/AIDS infections
!  190 – Nassau
!  189 – Suffolk
!  4,459
cumulative AIDS cases in Nassau County
!  4,435 cumulative AIDS cases in Suffolk County
!  Long
Island had more cumulative AIDS cases than 10
individual states.
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HIGH RISK POPULATIONS: YOUTH (2009)
!  13-24
years of age
!  Contracting
HIV at the rate of one every hour
!  Account for 20% of all new HIV infections.
!  Risk
Factors and Barriers to Prevention:
!  Sexual
encounters
!  Lack of awareness
!  Substance abuse
!  Poverty
!  Out of school youth
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HIGH RISK POPULATIONS: WOMEN (2009)
! 
Represent 24% of all HIV diagnoses in the U.S.
!  Statistics
1 in 32 black women will be diagnosed with HIV in their lifetime.
!  1 in 106 Hispanic/Latina women will be diagnosed with HIV in
their lifetime.
! 
!  Risk
Factors and Barriers to Prevention
!  Biologic
vulnerability
!  Sexual inequality in relationships with men
!  Lack of recognition of partners’ risk
!  Substance abuse
!  Poverty
!  Limited access to high quality healthcare
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HIGH RISK POPULATIONS: HISPANIC (2009)
! 
Make up 16% of US population and account for 20% of new
HIV infections.
! 
Latino men are 2.5 times more likely to contract HIV than
white men.
! 
Latina women are more than 4 times more likely to contract
HIV than white women.
!  Risk
Factors and Barriers to Prevention:
!  Cultural
and socioeconomic factors
!  Existing sexually transmitted infections
!  Injection drug use
!  Lack of awareness or fear of disclosure
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HIGH RISK POPULATIONS: BLACK/
AFRICAN-AMERICANS (2009)
! 
Make up 14% of US population and account for 44% of new HIV
infections.
! 
Black men account for 70% of the estimated new infections
among all blacks.
! 
1 in 16 black men will be diagnosed with HIV
! 
Black men are 6.5 times more likely to contract HIV than white
men.
! 
Risk Factors and Barriers to Prevention:
Socioeconomic factors
!  Sexual risk factors and lack of awareness of HIV status
!  Denial, stigma, fear, homophobia and discrimination
!  Negative perceptions about HIV testing
! 
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HIV/AIDS DEFINITION
H
Human
A
Acquired
I
Immunodeficiency
I
Immune
V
Virus
D
Deficiency
S
Syndrome
Acquired
HIV is not transmitted through casual contact (sneezing, coughing, hugging, kissing
on the cheek, swimming in pools or hot tubs, shaking hands, using restrooms, sharing glasses or
utensils, drinking out of water fountains, etc.)
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HIV+
Point of
Infection
Occurs at
time of risk
behavior
DISEASE PROGRESSION
Acute
Infection
Asymptomatic
Period
11-15 days
(No symptoms)
Window
Period
1-3 months
(NYS)
3-6 months
(CDC)
6 months to
10-15+ years
Symptomatic
Period
AIDS
Showing chronic,
recurring
symptoms
T-cell <200/ml
and/or
One of 34
Opportunistic
Infections
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TRANSMISSION
! 
The 4 bodily fluids that transmit HIV:
Blood (including menstrual blood)
Semen (including pre-seminal fluids
Vaginal Secretions
Breast milk
!  The six mucous membranes:
Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Walls of vagina
Tip of penis
Anus
Saliva, tears, sweat, urine, vomit, and feces
DO NOT transmit HIV.
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TRANSMISSION
Method
Examples
Cuts/fighting
Blood to
Blood
Sexual
Contact
Prenatal
Exposure
Sharing
needles/
Paraphernalia
Blood
transfusions
Tattoos/body
piercing
Unprotected sex
M-F, M-M, F-F, F-M
Oral
Vaginal
Anal
Pregnancy, the
delivery process,
and breastfeeding
No
Treatment
25%
With
Treatment
8-12%
C-section, Treatment,
and NO
BREASTFEEDING
2%
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PREVENTION
The only way to prevent HIV transmission 100% is:
ABSTINENCE
This includes abstaining from:
!  Oral, vaginal, and
!  Drug
anal sex
(both injection and non-injection)
!  Alcohol
use
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HARM REDUCTION FOR
INJECTION DRUG USE
If one must use injected drugs, the following steps are recommended by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), designed to reduce
Intravenous Drug Users and the community’s risk for HIV and other bloodborne diseases.
! 
Never reuse or share works. Works are any form of drug preparation equipment,
including needles, syringes, eyedroppers, plungers, cookers, cotton, water, and belts.
! 
Use only syringes obtained from a reliable source (ex: pharmacies; ESAP).
! 
If possible, use sterile water to prepare drugs. Otherwise, use clean water from a reliable
source (such as fresh tap water).
! 
Clean the injection site prior to injection with a new alcohol swab.
! 
Safely dispose of syringes after one use.
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HARM REDUCTION FOR
INJECTION DRUG USE
If new needles are not available:
Use 3x3x3 Method to clean works
Disinfecting previously used needles and syringes with bleach may reduce the risk of HIV transmission, but using disinfected
syringes is not as safe as using a new, sterile needle and syringe.
Materials:
Gather three small containers (ex: clean cup or bottle cap)
Fill two of the containers with clean water and one container with undiluted bleach.
Instructions:
1. 
2. 
3. 
First, wash out the syringe with clean water by drawing the water up through the needle to the top of the syringe, shake the set,
and then squirt out. Repeat this entire step three times.
Next, draw undiluted bleach up through the needle to the top of the syringe and shake the set. Shake the syringe containing bleach
for at least 30 seconds and squirt out. Repeat this entire step three times.
Last, rinse the syringe and needle with clean water. Draw the clean water up through the needle to the syringe, shake the set, and
squirt it out. Repeat this step three times.
Do not reuse water or bleach after cleaning the syringe.
Use a new set for each individual syringe.
In addition to steps 1, 2, and 3, one can improve cleaning effectiveness by taking the set apart, removing
the plunger from the barrel, and soaking them in bleach for at least 30 seconds.
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HARM REDUCTION FOR
SEXUAL CONTACT
For Sexual Activities and Safer Sex Practices:
! 
Use the appropriate condom/barrier consistently and correctly for
oral, vaginal, and anal sex
! 
Use an FDA approved latex or polyurethane condom
!  Latex
male condoms, when used consistently and correctly can
prevent the sexual transmission of HIV
! 
When using lubricant with latex condoms/barriers, it is important to
use only WATER-BASED lubricants, such as KY Jelly, SK 70, Wet, or
Astroglide
!  Never
use oil-based lubricants, such as Vaseline, Crisco, or lotions.
These can weaken the latex condom,
causing it to break
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MALE CONDOM
Different latex condoms and their possible use:
! 
Lubed for vaginal or anal sex
! 
Not lubed but using a water-based lube for vaginal or anal sex
Not lubed for oral sex
Not lubed “flavored” condom for oral sex
! 
! 
! 
Polyurethane male condoms are available for people allergic
to latex for vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Two male condoms should not be used together. Friction may result in
one or both of the condoms in one or both of the condoms to break.
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FEMALE CONDOM
!  FDA
approved polyurethane condom for vaginal sex
!  Male
and female condoms should not be used
together. Female condoms, like latex male condoms, are
available in drugstores, some community health centers,
and some AIDS service organizations.
FC2
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GLYDE/DENTAL DAMS
!  FDA
approved latex barrier for oral/vaginal and oral/anal sex
!  Always
use a new dam if you switch from oral/anal to oral/vaginal
sex to reduce the risk of infection from harmful anal germs
!  When
Glyde Dams are not available for oral/anal and oral/vaginal
sex, a condom can be cut to make a homemade latex barrier.
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!  Never
OTHER
SAFER SEX PRACTICES
share sex toys and always disinfect them after use.
!  The
pill, diaphragms, and animal skin condoms DO NOT protect
against HIV/AIDS or any other STD.
!  Safer
sex practices may include masturbation or mutual
masturbation, as long as bodily fluids do not come in contact with
broken skin.
!  Have
a mutually monogamous sexual relationship with one
uninfected partner.
!  Avoid
!  Avoid
having sex during menstruation.
douching because it removes some of the normal
bacteria in the vagina and increases the risk of getting
HIV and other STDs.
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HIV TESTING
Blood Test:
! 
! 
Sample of blood is taken
Aproximately1week for results
Orasure ® Test:
! 
! 
Collects the mucosal cells from the lining of the mouth
1-3 weeks for results
OraQuick ® Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test:
! 
! 
! 
! 
Option for people who might be afraid of a blood test
Oral sample
99% accurate
Results in 20 minutes
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HIV TESTING
Types
Where?
# Doctor’s office
Confidential
Testing
# Clinics
# Hospitals
How?
Name and vital
information is
taken
1-800-462-6785 (N)
1-800-462-6786 (S)
State run facilities
(Department of
Health)
Positive results are sent
to NYS registry for
statistical purposes
Info protected by
Confidentiality Laws
# LIAAC
Anonymous
Testing
Results
# No info taken
# Assigned a
number
If results are positive, an
individual can not access
services unless changed
to confidential
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TREATMENT
!  The
success of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
(HAART), also known as "drug cocktails" is good news for
people living with HIV however…
!  People
on the HAART regimen must face years--perhaps a
lifetime--of around the clock, multiple, daily medications.
!  The
goal of medication is to keep the amount of T-cells in the
body high and slow down the viral replication in the body,
lowering the viral load.
!  There
is NO CURE
!  Drug
resistance happens when HIV mutates, or changes itself, so
that HIV medicines a person is taking are no longer effective.
!  Superinfection
can occur if two HIV+ people have unprotected
sex or share works.
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TREATMENT
Classes of Medication
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - these are the first effective
class of antiretroviral drugs. They interrupt the building process of the virus by
going inside the virus' DNA, so the resulting DNA is incomplete and therefore
cannot create more HIV.
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor - Nucleotide analogues
function the same way as nucleoside analogues. The only difference between the
two is that the nucleotide analogue is already chemically pre-activated and
requires less processing in the body for them to become active.
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - They prohibit HIV
reproduction by binding directly to the reverse transcriptase and preventing the
conversion of RNA to DNA.
Protease Inhibitors - PIs work at the last stage of the HIV reproduction cycle.
They prevent HIV from being assembled and released from the infected CD4 cell
successfully.
Fusion Inhibitors/Entry Inhibitors - FIs/EIs have a unique mechanism of
action that is designed to block HIV before it enters the human immune cell.
Multi-Class Combination Products
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Z
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TREATMENT RESOURCES
$  FDA:
Antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of
HIV Infection
$  AIDS
Education and Training Center
$  CDC:
HIV/AIDS/Treatment
$  AIDSinfo.gov
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COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS
Thank You!
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